Overview

This page is part of the Aerosol model (SALSA) documentation.
It contains a listing of all PALM input parameters used to steer the SALSA.
For an overview of all SALSA-related pages, see the SALSA main page.

Parameter list

NAMELIST group name: salsa_parameters

Parameter Name	FORTRAN Type	Default Value	Explanation
advect_particle_water	L	.T.	Parameter to switch on the advection of condensed water in aerosol particles. If advect_particle_water = .F., the aerosol particle water content is calculated at each dt_salsa based on the equilibrium solution using the ZSR method (Stokes and Robinson, 1966).
aerosol_flux_dpg	R(7)	1.3E-8, 5.4E-8, 8.6E-7, 2.0E-7, 2.0E-7, 2.0E-7, 2.0E-7	The number geometric mean diameter per aerosol mode (in m) for the aerosol emission. A total of 7 different aerosol modes can be applied. Example aerosol modes: nucleation, Aitken, accumulation and coarse mode. Used to construct the aerosol emissions if horizontally uniform (salsa_emission_mode = 'uniform' ) or parameterized (salsa_emission_mode = 'parameterized' ) aerosol emissions are applied. Then the aerosol number emission is described by input parameters aerosol_flux_dpg, aerosol_flux_sigmag, aerosol_flux_mass_fracs_a and surface_aerosol_flux.
aerosol_flux_mass_fracs_a	R(7)	1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0	Mass fractions of soluble chemical components (subrange 2a) for the horizontally homogeneous aerosol emission (salsa_emission_mode = 'uniform' ). Given in the same order as the list of activated aerosol chemical components listspec. E.g. listspec = 'OC','NH','BC',' ',' ',' ',' ', aerosol_flux_mass_fracs_a = 0.3, 0.1, 0.6, 0., 0., 0., 0., implies that the mass composition of the aerosol emission is 30% organic carbon, 10% ammonia and 60% black carbon. Used to construct the aerosol emissions if horizontally uniform (salsa_emission_mode = 'uniform' ) or parameterized (salsa_emission_mode = 'parameterized' ) aerosol emissions are applied. Then the aerosol number emission is described by input parameters aerosol_flux_dpg, aerosol_flux_sigmag, aerosol_flux_mass_fracs_a and surface_aerosol_flux. Note that aerosol_flux_mass_fracs_b is not currently implemented. Hence, aerosol emissions are always soluble when using salsa_emission_mode = 'uniform' .
aerosol_flux_sigmag	R(7)	1.8, 2.16, 2.21, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0	The standard deviation of the log-normal aerosol number size distribution per aerosol mode for the aerosol emission. A total of 7 different aerosol modes can be applied. Example aerosol modes: nucleation, Aitken, accumulation and coarse mode. Used to construct the aerosol emissions if horizontally uniform (salsa_emission_mode = 'uniform' ) or parameterized (salsa_emission_mode = 'parameterized' ) aerosol emissions are applied. Then the aerosol number emission is described by input parameters aerosol_flux_dpg, aerosol_flux_sigmag, aerosol_flux_mass_fracs_a and surface_aerosol_flux.
bc_aer_b	C(20)	'neumann'	The bottom boundary condition of the aerosol concentrations. The same condition applies also for gases if the chemistry module is not applied. Allowed are the values 'dirichlet' (constant surface concentration over the entire simulation) and 'neumann' (zero concentration gradient). If any surface emissions of aerosols and gases are applied (see salsa_emission_mode), bc_aer_b = 'neumann' is required.
bc_aer_l	C(20)	see bc_lr	The left boundary condition of the aerosol concentrations. The same condition applies also for gases if the chemistry module is not applied. Allowed are the values 'dirichlet' (constant concentration over the entire simulation as given by the initial profiles), 'neumann' (zero concentration gradient), and 'cyclic' . If not set by the user, the default value is given by parameter bc_lr. If 'cyclic' has been chosen, parameter bc_aer_r must be set 'cyclic' , too. Horizontal boundary conditions for aerosols can be set independently from horizontal boundary conditions that have been chosen for the remaining model quantities via parameters bc_lr and bc_ns, e.g. you can choose cyclic boundary conditions for aerosols, while the flow field uses non-cyclic conditions, or vice versa.
bc_aer_n	C(20)	see bc_ns	The north boundary condition of the aerosol concentrations. The same condition applies also for gases if the chemistry module is not applied. Allowed are the values 'dirichlet' (constant concentration over the entire simulation as given by the initial profiles), 'neumann' (zero concentration gradient), and 'cyclic' . If not set by the user, the default value is given by parameter bc_ns. If 'cyclic' has been chosen, parameter bc_aer_s must be set 'cyclic' , too. Horizontal boundary conditions for aerosols can be set independently from horizontal boundary conditions that have been chosen for the remaining model quantities via parameters bc_lr and bc_ns, e.g. you can choose cyclic boundary conditions for aerosols, while the flow field uses non-cyclic conditions, or vice versa.
bc_aer_r	C(20)	see bc_lr	The right boundary condition of the aerosol concentrations. The same condition applies also for gases if the chemistry module is not applied. Allowed are the values 'dirichlet' (constant concentration over the entire simulation as given by the initial profiles), 'neumann' (zero concentration gradient), and 'cyclic' . If not set by the user, the default value is given by parameter bc_lr. If 'cyclic' has been chosen, parameter bc_aer_l must be set 'cyclic' , too. Horizontal boundary conditions for aerosols can be set independently from horizontal boundary conditions that have been chosen for the remaining model quantities via parameters bc_lr and bc_ns, e.g. you can choose cyclic boundary conditions for aerosols, while the flow field uses non-cyclic conditions, or vice versa.
bc_aer_s	C(20)	see bc_ns	The south boundary condition of the aerosol concentrations. The same condition applies also for gases if the chemistry module is not applied. Allowed are the values 'dirichlet' (constant concentration over the entire simulation as given by the initial profiles), 'neumann' (zero concentration gradient), and 'cyclic' . If not set by the user, the default value is given by parameter bc_ns. If 'cyclic' has been chosen, parameter bc_aer_n must be set 'cyclic' , too. Horizontal boundary conditions for aerosols can be set independently from horizontal boundary conditions that have been chosen for the remaining model quantities via parameters bc_lr and bc_ns, e.g. you can choose cyclic boundary conditions for aerosols, while the flow field uses non-cyclic conditions, or vice versa.
bc_aer_t	C(20)	'neumann'	The top boundary condition of the aerosol (and gas) concentrations. Allowed are the values 'dirichlet' (constant top boundary concentration over the entire simulation), 'neumann' (zero concentration gradient) and 'initial_gradient' (concentration gradient at the top is calculated from the initial concentration profile).
depo_pcm_par	C(20)	'zhang2001'	The method to solve the aerosol size specific dry deposition velocity (in m s-1). Available options: 'zhang2001' (Zhang et al. 2001) 'petroff2010' (Petroff & Zhang, 2010) The surface material is specified with depo_pcm_type.
depo_pcm_type	C(20)	'deciduous_broadleaf'	Leaf type applied in the dry deposition model. Available options: 'evergreen_needleleaf' , 'evergreen_broadleaf' , 'deciduous_needleleaf' and 'deciduous_broadleaf' .
depo_surf_par	C(20)	'zhang2001'	The method to solve the dry deposition velocity (in m s-1) for aerosols over both horizontal and vertical surfaces. Available options: 'zhang2001' (Zhang et al. 2001) 'petroff2010' (Petroff & Zhang, 2010). The land use type applied in the parametrisations are imported from the land and urban surface modules. If the surfaces are not specified using the urban surface or land surface module, the land use type urban is applied for all surfaces.
dpg	R(7)	1.3E-8, 5.4E-8, 8.6E-7, 2.0E-7, 2.0E-7, 2.0E-7, 2.0E-7	The number geometric mean diameter per aerosol mode (in m). A total of 7 different aerosol modes can be applied. Example modes: nucleation, Aitken, accumulation and coarse mode. If initializing_actions includes 'set_constant_profiles' , the initial aerosol size distribution is described by input parameters dpg, sigmag and n_lognorm.
dt_salsa	R	0.1	The time step for calling aerosol dynamic processes of SALSA. For switching on individual processes, see nlcnd, nlcndgas, nlcndh2oae, nlcoag, nldepo, nldepo_pcm, nldepo_surf, nldistupdate and nsnucl.
emiss_factor_main	R	0.0	Constant emission scaling factor for main street types, used if salsa_emission_mode = 'parameterized' .
emiss_factor_side	R	0.0	Constant emission scaling factor for side street types, used if salsa_emission_mode = 'parameterized' .
feedback_to_palm	L	.F.	Parameter to switch on the dynamic feedback to the flow due to condensation of water vapour on aerosol particles. If feedback_to_palm = .F., the salsa module does not interact with the flow.
h2so4_init	R	1.0	Initial number concentration (in m-3) of gaseous sulphuric acid H2SO4 (g).
hno3_init	R	1.0	Initial number concentration (in m-3) of gaseous nitric acid HNO3 (g).
listspec	C*3(7)	'SO4', 6 * ' '	List of activated aerosol chemical components. Available options: SO4 = Sulphates OC = Organic carbon BC = Black carbon DU = Dust SS = Sea salt NH = Ammonia NO = Nitrates All chemical components included in the simulation must be activated here. E.g. listspec = 'OC','NH','BC',' ',' ',' ',' ', implies that aerosol particles can contain organic carbon, ammonia and black carbon.
main_street_id	I(99)	0	Index for identifying main streets following street type classes from 'OpenStreetMap?'. Used if salsa_emission_mode = 'parameterized' .
mass_fracs_a	R(7)	1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0	Mass fractions of soluble chemical components (subrange 2a). Given in the same order as the list of activated aerosol chemical components listspec. E.g. listspec = 'OC','NH','BC',' ',' ',' ',' ', mass_fracs_a = 0.3, 0.1, 0.6, 0., 0., 0., 0., implies that the initial mass composition of the aerosol particles is 30% organic carbon, 10% ammonia and 60% black carbon.
mass_fracs_b	R(7)	0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0	Mass fractions of insoluble chemical components (subrange 2b). Given in the same order as the list of activated aerosol chemical components listspec. Setting mass_fracs_b > 0.0 and nf2a < 1.0 allows for the description of externally mixed aerosol particle populations in the subrange 2. However, this notably increases the computational demand. If the sum of SUM(mass_fracs_b) = 0.0, all aerosol particles are assumed to be soluble and the subrange 2b is not initialised.
max_street_id	I(99)	0	Maximum index value for identifying all (main and side) streets following street type classes from OpenStreetMap. Used if salsa_emission_mode = 'parameterized' .
n_lognorm	R(7)	1.04E11, 3.23E10, 5.4E6, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0	The total aerosol number concentration per aerosol mode (in m-3). A total of 7 different aerosol modes can be applied. Example modes: nucleation, Aitken, accumulation and coarse mode. If initializing_actions includes 'set_constant_profiles' , the initial aerosol size distribution is described by input parameters dpg, sigmag and n_lognorm.
nbin	I(2)	3, 7	Number of aerosol size bins per subrange.
nesting_offline_salsa	L	.T.	Parameter to switch off offline nesting for salsa variables. If nesting_offline_salsa = .F. , the boundary conditions for salsa variables are defined via parameters bc_aer_b, bc_aer_t, bc_aer_l, bc_aer_r, bc_aer_n, and bc_aer_s.
nesting_salsa	L	.T.	Parameter to switch off self-nesting for salsa variables. If nesting_salsa = .F. , the boundary conditions for salsa variables are defined via parameters bc_aer_b, bc_aer_t, bc_aer_l, bc_aer_r, bc_aer_n, and bc_aer_s.
nf2a	R	1.0	The number fraction allocated to subrange 2a. The number fraction allocated to the subrange 2b will be then 1.0-nf2a.
nh3_init	R	1.0	Initial number concentration (in m-3) of gaseous ammonia NH3 (g).
nj3	I	1	Parametrisation for calculating the apparent formation rate of 3 nm sized aerosol particles (J3, in # s-1). Available options: 1 = condensational sink (Kerminen and Kulmala, 2002) 2 = coagulational sink (Lehtinen et al. 2007) 3 = coagS+self-coagulation (Anttila et al. 2010)
nlcnd	L	.F.	Parameter to switch on the condensation of gaseous compounds on aerosol particles.
nlcndgas	L	.F.	Parameter to switch on the condensation of gaseous compounds, excluding water vapour, on aerosol particles. Requires nlcnd = .T..
nlcndgash2oae	L	.F.	Parameter to switch on the condensation of water vapour on aerosol particles. Requires nlcnd = .T..
nlcoag	L	.F.	Parameter to switch on the coagulation of aerosol particles.
nldepo	L	.F.	Parameter to switch of the dry deposition and sedimentation of aerosol particles.
nldepo_pcm	L	.F.	Parameter to switch on aerosol dry deposition on resolved scale vegetation. The parametrisation to calculate the size-dependent deposition velocity is set by parameter depo_pcm_par. Note that currently the deposition velocity is calculated by default for deciduous broadleaf trees. Requires nldepo = .T..
nldepo_surf	L	.F.	Parameter to switch aerosol dry deposition on topography elements (ground, wall, roofs). The parametrisation to calculate the size-dependent deposition velocity is set by parameter depo_surf_type. Requires nldepo = .T..
nldistupdate	L	.T.	Parameter to switch on the aerosol number size distribution update switch. If nldistupdate = .F., aerosol particles that become too small or large in their size bin are not allowed to move to another size bin.
nsnucl	I	0	The nucleation scheme applied. If nsnucl = 0, nucleation is switched off. Available options: 1 = binary nucleation (Vehkamäki et al., 2002) 2 = activation type nucleation (Riipinen et al., 2007) 3 = kinetic nucleation (Sihto et al., 2006) 4 = ternary nucleation (Napari et al., 2002a,b) 5 = organic nucleation (Paasonen et al., 2010) 6 = sum of binary and organic nucleation (Paasonen et al., 2010) 7 = heteromolecular nucleation (Paasonen et al., 2010) 8 = homomolecular nucleation of H2SO4 and heteromolecular nucleation of H2SO4 and organics (Paasonen et al., 2010) 9 = homomolecular nucleation of H2SO4 and organics, and heteromolecular nucleation of H2SO4 and organics (Paasonen et al., 2010). Requires nlcnd = .T.. Note that the nucleation schemes were not evaluated in Kurppa et al. (2019).
ocnv_init	R	1.0	Initial number concentration (in m-3) of gaseous non-volatile organic compounds.
ocsv_init	R	1.0	Initial number concentration (in m-3) of gaseous semi-volatile organic compounds.
reglim	R(3)	3.0E-9, 5.0E-8, 1.0E-5	Aerosol diameter limits for the subranges (in m) in the following order: lower limit of 1, upper limit of 1 and lower limit of 2, upper limit of 2.
salsa_emission_mode	C(20)	'no_emission'	Emission mode for aerosol and gaseous emissions. salsa_emission_mode = 'uniform' sets a horizontally homogeneous surface flux of aerosols based on surface_aerosol_flux, aerosol_flux_dpg, aerosol_flux_sigmag and aerosol_mass_fracs_a. salsa_emission_mode = 'parameterized' sets surface fluxes based on the street type. The aerosol size distribution and mass composition of the emission is given similar to salsa_emission_mode = 'uniform' . The flux is then normalised based on the street type in the static input file (see static input file) and using emission_factor_main, emission_factor_side main_street_id, side_street_id, max_street_id. salsa_emission_mode = 'read_from_file' reads the emission information from the NetCDF aero -information file (see aerosol input file). Note that all chemical components included in the simulation must be activated in listspec. Also bc_aer_b = 'neumann' is required.
season_z01	I	1	Modelling season if the dry deposition parametrisation by Zhang et al. 2001 is applied (depo_pcm_par = 'zhang2001' and/or depo_surf_par = 'zhang2001' ). Available options: 1 = summer, 2 = autumn (no harvest yet), 3 = late autumn (already frost), 4 = winter and 5 = transitional spring.
side_street_id	I(99)	0	Index for identifying side streets following street type classes from 'OpenStreetMap?'. Used if salsa_emission_mode = 'parameterized' .
sigmag	R(7)	1.8, 2.16, 2.21, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0	The standard deviation of the log-normal aerosol number size distribution per aerosol mode. A total of 7 different aerosol modes can be applied. Example modes: nucleation, Aitken, accumulation and coarse mode. If initializing_actions includes 'set_constant_profiles' , the initial aerosol size distribution is described by input parameters dpg, sigmag and n_lognorm.
skip_time_do_salsa	R	0.0	Time after which SALSA is switched on. This parameter can be used to allow the LES model to develop turbulence before aerosol particles and their processes are switched on.
surface_aerosol_flux	R(7)	1.04e+11, 3.23E+10, 5.4E+6, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0	The total surface aerosol number flux per aerosol mode (in m-2s-1). A total of 7 different aerosol modes can be applied. Example modes: nucleation, Aitken, accumulation and coarse mode. If salsa_emission_mode= 'uniform', the aerosol number emission is described by input parameters aerosol_flux_dpg, aerosol_flux_sigmag, aerosol_flux_mass_fracs_a and surface_aerosol_flux.
switch_off_module	L	.F.
van_der_waals_coagc	L	.F.	Parameter to switch on the van der Waals forces when calculating the collision kernel in the coagulation subroutine. Parametrisation follows Karl et al. (2016).

The following quantities can be additionally output when the aerosol module SALSA is used:

Quantity name	Meaning	Unit	Remarks
[salsa_g_<gaseous_compound>]	Concentration of <gaseous_compound>	# m-3	Options: 'salsa_g_h2so4', 'salsa_g_hno3', 'salsa_g_nh3', 'salsa_g_ocnv', 'salsa_g_ocsv'. Profile output not available.
salsa_ldsa	Total lung-deposited surface area	µm2 cm-3
[salsa_n_bin<bin number>]	Aerosol number concentration in the aerosol size bin <bin number>	# m-3	Profile output not available.
salsa_n_ufp	Total aerosol number concentration of particles smaller than 0.1 µm in diameter, i.e. ultrafine particles	# m-3
salsa_ntot	Total aerosol number concentration	# m-3
salsa_PM0.1	Total mass concentration of particulate matter smaller than 0.1 µm in diameter, i.e. ultrafine particles	kg m-3
salsa_PM2.5	Total mass concentration of particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter	kg m-3
salsa_PM10	Total mass concentration of particulate matter smaller than 10 µm in diameter	kg m-3
[salsa_s_<chemical_compound>]	Mass concentration of <chemical_compound> in the aerosol phase	kg m-3	Options: 's_bc', 's_du', 's_nh', 's_no', 's_oc', 's_so4', 's_ss', 's_h2o'.

Initial & lateral boundary conditions

Parameter Name	Values & Explanation
initializing_actions	'inifor set_constant_profiles', If large-scale forcings are used only for meteorology, then user defined initial concentrations can be activated by combining 'set_constant_profiles' with 'inifor' separated by a space only in initializing_actions.