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Ignore:
Timestamp:
Jan 28, 2015 11:14:05 AM (10 years ago)
Author:
kanani
Message:

update of tutorial files and figures

File:
1 edited

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  • palm/trunk/TUTORIAL/SOURCE/topography.tex

    r1515 r1541  
    2222\usepackage{pdfcomment}
    2323\usepackage{xcolor}
     24\usepackage{tabto}
    2425
    2526\institute{Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Leibniz UniversitÀt Hannover}
    … …  
    5455\end{frame}
    5556
    56 \section{Topography}
    57 \subsection{Topography}
    5857
    5958% Folie 2
    … …  
    6261   \begin{itemize}
    6362      \item{Purpose of topography in PALM}
    64       \item{Definition}
    6563      \item{Realization}
    6664      \begin{itemize}
     65         \item{Definition}
    6766         \item{Physical concept}
    6867         \item{Technical / numerical implementation}
    69       \end{itemize}
    70       \item{Strengths and limitations}
     68         \item{Strengths and limitations}
     69      \end{itemize}
    7170      \item{Control parameters}
    7271      \begin{itemize}
    … …  
    8180   \end{itemize}
    8281\end{frame}
     82
     83\section{Purpose}
     84\subsection{Purpose}
    8385
    8486% Folie 3
    … …  
    98100\end{frame}
    99101
     102\section{Realization}
     103\subsection{Realization}
     104
    100105% Folie 4
    101106\begin{frame}
    102107   \frametitle{Definition}   
    103108   \begin{itemize}
    104       \item{The topography definition in PALM covers solid, impermeable, fixed flow obstacles with a volume of at least one grid box.}
    105       \par\bigskip
    106       \item{The following qualifies as topography: \textcolor{green!50!black!100}{\checkmark}}     
     109      \item{Topography in PALM covers solid, impermeable, fixed flow obstacles with a volume of at least one grid box.}
     110      \par\bigskip
     111      \item{Following qualifies as topography: \textcolor{green!50!black!100}{\checkmark}}     
    107112      \begin{itemize}
    108113         \footnotesize
    109          \item{Human-made obstacles (buildings)}
     114         \item{Artificial obstacles (buildings)}
    110115         \item{Natural obstacles (hills, mountains)}
    111116      \end{itemize}
    … …  
    117122                                                                     \> canopy model, local roughness length  \end{tabbing} }
    118123         \item{Small obstacles (signposts)}
    119          \item{Moving obstacles (vehicles)}                                                   
     124         \item{Moving obstacles (vehicles, wind turbine rotors)}                                                   
    120125      \end{itemize}
    121126   \end{itemize}
    … …  
    134139   \end{columns}
    135140   \begin{columns}[c]
    136    \column{0.6\textwidth}
     141   \column{0.4\textwidth}
    137142      \begin{itemize}
    138143         \item{Grid boxes are}
    139144         \begin{itemize}
    140             \item{\begin{minipage}{0.1\textwidth}
    141                      \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{topography_figures/physical_concept_small1.png}
    142                   \end{minipage}
    143                   \begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth} \scriptsize
     145            \item{\begin{minipage}{0.4\textwidth} \scriptsize
    144146                     \par\medskip
    145                      100\% free fluid, \\
     147                     100\% \\free fluid, \\
    146148                  \end{minipage}}
    147             \item{\begin{minipage}{0.1\textwidth}
    148                      \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{topography_figures/physical_concept_small2.png}
    149                   \end{minipage}
    150                   \begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth} \scriptsize
    151                      100\% fluid adjacent to an obstacle, or
     149            \item{\begin{minipage}{0.4\textwidth} \scriptsize
     150                     100\% \\fluid adjacent to an obstacle, or
    152151                  \end{minipage}}     
    153             \item{\begin{minipage}{0.1\textwidth}
    154                      \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{topography_figures/physical_concept_small3.png}
    155                   \end{minipage}
    156                   \begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth} \scriptsize
     152            \item{\begin{minipage}{0.4\textwidth} \scriptsize
    157153                     \par\medskip
    158154                     100\% obstacle. \\
    159155                  \end{minipage}}             
    160156         \end{itemize}
     157      \end{itemize}
     158   \column{0.6\textwidth}
     159      \vspace{-2.cm}\includegraphics[angle=90,width=.9\textwidth]{topography_figures/physical_concept.eps}
     160   \end{columns}
     161   \begin{columns}[c]
     162   \column{1.\textwidth}
     163      \begin{itemize}
    161164         \item{No-slip boundary condition}
    162165         \begin{itemize}
    163             \item{\scriptsize Wall-normal velocity component is zero at obstacle surface \textbf{\textcolor{blue}{---------}}}
     166            \item{\scriptsize Wall-normal velocity component is zero at obstacle surface}
    164167         \end{itemize}
    165168         \par\bigskip
    166          \item{\begin{minipage}{0.75\textwidth}  \scriptsize
    167                   Local surface layer for the first grid box \\adjacent to each obstacle surface
     169         \item{\begin{minipage}{0.8\textwidth}  \scriptsize
     170                  Local surface layer for the first grid box adjacent to each obstacle surface
    168171               \end{minipage}
    169172               \begin{minipage}{0.1\textwidth}
    170                   \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{topography_figures/physical_concept_small2.png}
     173                  \includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{topography_figures/physical_concept_small.eps}
    171174               \end{minipage}}
    172175         \par\smallskip
    … …  
    175178         \end{itemize}
    176179      \end{itemize}
    177    \column{0.4\textwidth}
    178       \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{topography_figures/physical_concept.png}
    179180   \end{columns}
    180181\end{frame}
    … …  
    183184\begin{frame}
    184185   \frametitle{Realization - \\ Numerical /Technical Implementation (I)}
     186   \small
     187   \begin{columns}[c]
     188   \column{0.65\textwidth}
     189      \begin{itemize}
     190         \item{Obstacles must be surface-mounted}
     191         \item{Overhanging structures \textbf{\textcolor{blue}{$\times$}}, holes \textbf{\textcolor{red}{$\times$}} etc. are not permitted.}
     192         \begin{itemize}
     193            \footnotesize
     194            \item{This simplification allows extra performance optimization by reducing the 3D obstacle structure to a "'2.5D"' structure.}
     195            \item{"'2.5D"' means that each surface grid cell is assigned only one building-height value (in m).}
     196            \item{This conforms to the "'2.5D"' format of Digital Elevation Models (DEM).}
     197         \end{itemize}
     198      \end{itemize}     
     199   \column{0.3\textwidth}
     200      \par\medskip
     201      \includegraphics[width=1.\textwidth]{topography_figures/technical_implementation.eps}
     202   \column{0.05\textwidth}
     203      \vspace*{2cm}\textcolor{red}{$\times$}
     204      \textcolor{green!50!black!100}{\checkmark}
     205   \end{columns}
     206\end{frame}
     207
     208% Folie 7
     209\begin{frame}
     210   \frametitle{Realization - \\ Numerical /Technical Implementation (II)}
    185211   \small
    186212   \begin{columns}[c]
    187213   \column{0.5\textwidth}
    188214      \begin{itemize}
    189          \item{Obstacles must be surface-mounted}
    190          \item{Overhanging structures \textcolor{blue}{$\times$}, holes \textcolor{red}{$\times$} etc. are not permitted.}
    191          \begin{itemize}
    192             \footnotesize
    193             \item{This simplification allows extra performance optimization by reducing the 3D obstacle dimension to a "'2.5D"' dimension.}
    194             \item{"'2.5D"' means that each horizontal grid cell is assigned only one height level.}
    195             \item{This conforms to the "'2.5D"' format of Digital Elevation Models (DEM).}
    196          \end{itemize}
    197       \end{itemize}     
    198    \column{0.4\textwidth}
    199       \par\medskip
    200       \includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{topography_figures/technical_implementation.png}
    201    \end{columns}
    202 \end{frame}
    203 
    204 % Folie 7
    205 \begin{frame}
    206    \frametitle{Realization - \\ Numerical /Technical Implementation (II)}
    207    \begin{columns}[c]
    208    \column{0.4\textwidth}
    209       \footnotesize     
    210       The location of the wall-normal velocity component defines the location of the impermeable obstacle surface. \\
    211       \par\smallskip
    212       Obstacle surfaces that do not match the grid are approximated by grid boxes like a step-function.
    213       \par\bigskip
    214       $\bullet$ scalars \\
    215       \textcolor{red}{$\bullet$ u (staggered)} \\
    216       \textcolor{green!40!black!100}{\textbf{+} v (staggered)}
    217 %      \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{topography_figures/technical_implementation_grid/technical_implementation_grid_small1.png} \\
    218 %      \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{topography_figures/technical_implementation_grid/technical_implementation_grid_small2.png} \\
    219 %      \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{topography_figures/technical_implementation_grid/technical_implementation_grid_small3.png}
    220    \column{0.6\textwidth}
    221       \includegraphics<1|handout:0>[width=\textwidth]{topography_figures/technical_implementation_grid/technical_implementation_grid_1.png}
    222       \includegraphics<2|handout:0>[width=\textwidth]{topography_figures/technical_implementation_grid/technical_implementation_grid_2.png}
    223       \includegraphics<3|handout:0>[width=\textwidth]{topography_figures/technical_implementation_grid/technical_implementation_grid_3.png}
    224       \includegraphics<4|handout:0>[width=\textwidth]{topography_figures/technical_implementation_grid/technical_implementation_grid_4.png}
    225       \includegraphics<5|handout:1>[width=\textwidth]{topography_figures/technical_implementation_grid/technical_implementation_grid_5.png}
     215         \item{The location of the wall-normal velocity component defines the location of the impermeable obstacle surface}
     216         \item{Obstacle surfaces that do not match the grid are approximated by grid boxes like a step-function}
     217      \end{itemize}
     218      \par\bigskip
     219      \hspace{1cm}$\bullet$ scalars \\
     220      \hspace{1cm}\textcolor{red}{$\bullet$ u (staggered)} \\
     221      \hspace{.92cm}\textcolor{green!40!black!100}{\textbf{+} v (staggered)}
     222   \column{0.5\textwidth}
     223      \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{topography_figures/technical_implementation_grid/technical_implementation_grid_5.png}
    226224   \end{columns}
    227225\end{frame}
    … …  
    234232   \begin{itemize}
    235233      \item{In order to process topography from external data sources, the data must be made available
    236             to PALM as a rastered ASCII file, e.g. example\_topo.}
    237       \item{The layout of example\_topo must conform to the computational domain size and to the grid size dx and dy.}
    238       \item{The rastered height data of example\_topo are given in m above ground and do not need to match
     234            to PALM as a rastered ASCII file:}
     235      \begin{itemize}
     236         \item{see e.g. {\tt trunk/EXAMPLES/topo\_file/example\_topo\_file\_topo}.}
     237      \end{itemize}
     238      \item{The layout of this topography file must conform to the computational domain size and to the grid size {\tt dx} and {\tt dy}.}
     239      \item{The rastered height data of this topo file are given in m above ground and do not need to match
    239240            the vertical grid, since they will be interpolated, if required.}
    240241      \par\bigskip
    … …  
    251252   \frametitle{Realization – \\ Numerical / Technical Implementation (IV)} 
    252253   \small
    253    \textbf{Potential issue}
    254    \begin{itemize}
    255       \item{Load imbalance}
    256       \begin{itemize}
    257          \item{Leads to inefficient parallelization: \dq fast\dq CPU(s) must wait for \dq slow\dq CPU(s)}
    258          \item{Occurs if the CPUs do not share the same workload}
    259          \begin{itemize}
    260             \item{E.g. if topography is significantly heterogeneous in a large volume fraction of the computational domain}
    261          \end{itemize}
    262       \end{itemize}     
    263    \end{itemize}
     254   \textbf{Potential issue: Load imbalance}
     255   \begin{columns}[c]
     256   \column{0.55\textwidth}
     257      \begin{itemize}
     258         \item{Since prognostic equations are not calculated inside buildings, \\ \textbf{load imbalance} might occur, if topography is heterogeneously distributed among the subdomains.}
     259         \begin{itemize}
     260          \item{This means \dq fast\dq CPU(s) must wait for \dq slow\dq CPU(s), leading to inefficient parallelization.}
     261         \end{itemize}
     262      \end{itemize}
     263   \column{0.45\textwidth}
     264      \includegraphics[angle=90,width=\textwidth]{topography_figures/load_imbalance.eps}
     265   \end{columns}
    264266\end{frame}
    265267
    … …  
    273275      \item[+]{Conforms with \dq 2.5D\dq format of Digital Elevation Models (DEM)}
    274276      \par\bigskip
    275       \item[-]{Obstacles must be surface-mounted}
    276       \item[-]{Grid boxes can only be 100\% fluid or 100\% obstacle \\ \par\smallskip
    277               \begin{footnotesize} Obstacle surfaces that do not match the grid are approximated by grid boxes like a step-function, which can modify the real obstacle size or the orientation of the obstacle faces\end{footnotesize}}
    278       \item[-]{Overhanging structures, holes etc. are not permitted due to the \dq 2.5D\dq format}
     277      \item[$-$]{Obstacles must be surface-mounted}
     278      \item[$-$]{Overhanging structures, holes etc. are not permitted due to the \dq 2.5D\dq format}
     279      \item[$-$]{Grid boxes can only be 100\% fluid or 100\% obstacle \\ \par\smallskip
     280                \begin{footnotesize} Obstacle surfaces that do not match the grid are approximated by grid boxes like a step-function, which can modify the real obstacle size or the orientation of the obstacle faces\end{footnotesize}}
    279281   \end{itemize}
    280282\end{frame}
    … …  
    284286   \frametitle{Take a Short Break... Urban Flow Visualization}
    285287   \begin{columns}[c]
    286    \column{0.42\textwidth}
    287       \includegraphics<1>[width=\textwidth]{topography_figures/hannover_1.png}
    288       \href{.html}{\includegraphics<2>[width=\textwidth]{topography_figures/hannover_2.png}}
    289    \column{0.58\textwidth}
    290       Set-up: neutral boundary layer
    291       \begin{itemize}
    292          \item{Particle = passive tracer}
    293          \item{Colour $\sim$ particle height}
    294          \item{Tail length ~ particle velocity}         
    295       \end{itemize}     
    296       \par\bigskip
    297       \begin{itemize}
    298          \item{Flow past office tower:}
    299          \begin{itemize}
    300             \item{initially laminar: not yet an LES}
    301             \item{intermittent: different episodes}
    302          \end{itemize}
    303          \item{Broad street canyon flow:}
    304          \begin{itemize}
    305             \item{channeling}
    306             \item{low-level upstream flow}
     288   \column{0.5\textwidth}
     289      \includegraphics<1->[width=.8\textwidth]{topography_figures/hannover_1.png}
     290      \par\smallskip
     291      \href{.html}{\includegraphics<2->[width=.8\textwidth]{topography_figures/hannover_2.png}}
     292   \column{0.5\textwidth}
     293      \par\smallskip
     294      \footnotesize
     295      \uncover<1->{Set-up: neutral boundary layer}
     296      \begin{itemize}
     297         \uncover<1->{\item{Particle = passive tracer}}
     298         \uncover<1->{\item{Colour $\sim$ particle height}}
     299         \uncover<1->{\item{Tail length ~ particle velocity}}         
     300      \end{itemize}
     301      \begin{itemize}
     302         \uncover<2>{\item{Flow past office tower:}}
     303         \begin{itemize}
     304            \uncover<2>{\item{initially laminar: not yet an LES}}
     305            \uncover<2>{\item{intermittent: different episodes}}
     306         \end{itemize}
     307         \uncover<2>{\item{Broad street canyon flow:}}
     308         \begin{itemize}
     309            \uncover<2>{\item{channeling}}
     310            \uncover<2>{\item{low-level upstream flow}}
    307311         \end{itemize}
    308312      \end{itemize}
    … …  
    310314\end{frame}
    311315
     316\section{Control parameters}
     317\subsection{Control parameters}
     318
    312319% Folie 12
    313320\begin{frame}
    314321   \frametitle{Required Topography Control Parameters}
    315     \footnotesize
    316    {\tt topography =}
    317    \begin{itemize}
    318       \item{{\tt 'flat'} \hspace{3cm} no topography (default)}
    319       \item{{\tt 'single\_building'} \hspace{1.2cm} \textcolor{red}{generic} single building}
    320       \item{{\tt 'single\_street\_canyon'} \hspace{0.4cm} \textcolor{red}{generic} single quasi-2D street canyon}
    321       \item{{\tt 'read\_from\_file'} \hspace{1.4cm} \textcolor{blue}{rastered} ASCII file, e.g. {\tt example\_topo}}
    322       \item{any other string \hspace{1.8cm} processed by user subroutine user\_init\_grid}
    323    \end{itemize}
    324    {\tt topography\_grid\_convention =}
    325    \begin{itemize}
    326       \item{{\tt '\textcolor{red}{cell\_edge}'} \hspace{2.2cm} default for \textcolor{red}{generic} topography: \textcolor{red}{$\leftrightarrow$}}
    327       \item{{\tt '\textcolor{blue}{cell\_center}'} \hspace{1.9cm} default for \textcolor{blue}{rastered} topography: \textcolor{blue}{$\bigcirc$ $\leftrightarrow$}}
    328    \end{itemize}
    329    \includegraphics<1|handout:0>[width=0.5\textwidth]{topography_figures/control_parameters_1.png}
    330    \includegraphics<2|handout:0>[width=0.5\textwidth]{topography_figures/control_parameters_2.png}
    331    \includegraphics<3|handout:0>[width=0.5\textwidth]{topography_figures/control_parameters_3.png}
    332    \includegraphics<4|handout:1>[width=0.5\textwidth]{topography_figures/control_parameters_4.png}
     322    \scriptsize
     323   \uncover<1->{{\tt topography =}}
     324   \begin{itemize}
     325      \uncover<1->{\item{{\tt 'flat'}                   \tabto{4cm} no topography (default)}}
     326      \uncover<1->{\item{{\tt 'single\_building'}       \tabto{4cm} \textcolor{red}{generic} single building}}
     327      \uncover<1->{\item{{\tt 'single\_street\_canyon'} \tabto{4cm} \textcolor{red}{generic} single quasi-2D street canyon}}
     328      \uncover<1->{\item{{\tt 'read\_from\_file'}       \tabto{4cm} \textcolor{blue}{rastered} ASCII file \\ \tabto{4cm}(e.g. {\tt trunk/EXAMPLES/topo\_file})}}
     329      \uncover<1->{\item{any other string               \tabto{4cm} processed by user subroutine user\_init\_grid}}
     330   \end{itemize}
     331   \uncover<2->{{\tt topography\_grid\_convention =}}
     332   \begin{itemize}
     333      \uncover<2->{\item{{\tt '\textcolor{red}{cell\_edge}'}    \tabto{4cm} default for \textcolor{red}{generic} topography: \textcolor{red}{$\leftrightarrow$}}}
     334      \uncover<3->{\item{{\tt '\textcolor{blue}{cell\_center}'} \tabto{4cm} default for \textcolor{blue}{rastered} topography: \textcolor{blue}{$\bigcirc$ $\leftrightarrow$}}}
     335   \end{itemize}
     336   \includegraphics<2|handout:0>[width=0.4\textwidth]{topography_figures/control_parameters_2.png}
     337   \includegraphics<3|handout:1>[width=0.4\textwidth]{topography_figures/control_parameters_4.png}
    333338\end{frame}
    334339
    … …  
    337342   \frametitle{Optional Topography Control Parameters (I)}
    338343   \small
    339    \textbf{Generic topography}   
    340    \scriptsize
    341    \begin{itemize}
    342       \item{topography = {\tt 'single\_building'}}
    343       \begin{itemize}
    344          \scriptsize
    345          \item{building\_height = 50.0 \hspace{0.67cm} height of the building}
    346          \item{building\_length\_x = 50.0 \hspace{0.43cm} length of the building in x-direction}
    347          \item{building\_length\_y = 50.0 \hspace{0.43cm} length of the building in y-direction}
    348          \item{building\_wall\_left \hspace{1.4cm} (default is building centered in x-direction)}
    349          \item{building\_wall\_south \hspace{1.13cm} (default is building centered in y-direction)}
    350       \end{itemize}
    351       \item{topography = {\tt 'single\_street\_canyon'}}
    352       \begin{itemize}
    353          \scriptsize
    354          \item{canyon\_height = 50.0 \hspace{0.45cm} height of the canyon \\
    355                and}
    356          \item{canyon\_width\_x = 50.0 \hspace{0.3cm} implies canyon axis orientation in y-direction}
    357          \item{canyon\_wall\_left \hspace{1.17cm} (default is canyon centered in x-direction) \\
    358                or}
    359          \item{canyon\_width\_y = 50.0 \hspace{0.3cm} implies canyon axis orientation in x-direction}
    360          \item{canyon\_wall\_south \hspace{0.9cm} (default is canyon centered in y-direction)}
    361       \end{itemize}
    362    \end{itemize}
     344   \textbf{Generic topography}
     345   \begin{figure}
     346      \centering\includegraphics[width=.8\textwidth]{topography_figures/single_building_parameters.eps}
     347   \end{figure}
    363348\end{frame}
    364349
    … …  
    366351\begin{frame}
    367352   \frametitle{Optional Topography Control Parameters (II)}
     353   \small
     354   \textbf{Generic topography}
     355   \begin{figure}
     356      \centering\includegraphics[width=.8\textwidth]{topography_figures/single_canyon_parameters.eps}
     357   \end{figure}
     358\end{frame}
     359
     360% Folie 15
     361\begin{frame}
     362   \frametitle{Optional Topography Control Parameters (III)}
    368363   \scriptsize   
    369364   \textbf{Rastered topography}\\
    370    \begin{minipage}{0.7\textwidth}
     365   \begin{minipage}{0.8\textwidth}
    371366      \begin{itemize}
    372367         \scriptsize
    … …  
    378373      \end{itemize}
    379374   \end{minipage}
    380    \begin{minipage}{0.2\textwidth}
     375   \begin{minipage}{0.15\textwidth}
    381376      \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{topography_figures/optional_control_parameters_1.png}
    382377   \end{minipage}
    383378   \begin{center}
    384       \includegraphics[width=0.85\textwidth]{topography_figures/optional_control_parameters_2.png}
     379      \includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth]{topography_figures/optional_control_parameters_2.png}
    385380   \end{center}
    386381   \begin{itemize}
    387382      \item[]{}
    388383      \begin{itemize}
    389          \scriptsize         
    390          \item{layout must conform to domain size and grid size dx and dy.}
    391          \item{height data}
    392          \begin{itemize}
    393             \scriptsize
    394             \item{in m above ground (INTEGER or REAL)}
    395             \item{do not need to match the vertical grid}
    396          \end{itemize}
    397       \end{itemize}
    398    \end{itemize}
    399 \end{frame}
    400 
    401 % Folie 15
    402 \begin{frame}
    403    \frametitle{Optional Topography Control Parameters (III)}
     384         \scriptsize
     385         \item{ASCII file {\tt example\_topo} must be available as INPUT file, like {\tt example\_p3d} ({\tt JOBS/example/INPUT/})}     
     386         \item{layout must conform to domain size and grid size {\tt dx} and {\tt dy}}
     387         \item{height data in m above ground (INTEGER or REAL) do not need to match the vertical grid}
     388      \end{itemize}
     389   \end{itemize}
     390\end{frame}
     391
     392% Folie 16
     393\begin{frame}
     394   \frametitle{Optional Topography Control Parameters (IV)}
    404395   \small
    405396   \textbf{Rastered topography}
    … …  
    417408\end{frame}
    418409
    419 % Folie 16   
     410% Folie 17   
    420411\begin{frame}
    421412   \frametitle{General Control Parameters (I): Suitable Driving Methods}
    … …  
    460451\end{frame}
    461452
    462 % Folie 17
     453% Folie 18
    463454\begin{frame}
    464455   \frametitle{General Control Parameters (II): Initialization}
    … …  
    500491\end{frame}
    501492
    502 % Folie 18
     493% Folie 19
    503494\begin{frame}
    504495   \frametitle{General Control Parameters (III): Boundary Conditions}
    … …  
    524515\end{frame}
    525516
    526 % Folie 19
     517% Folie 20
    527518\begin{frame}
    528519   \frametitle{General Control Parameters (IV): Pressure Solver}
    … …  
    544535\end{frame}
    545536
    546 % Folie 20
     537\section{Data output/ Scenarios}
     538\subsection{Data output/ Scenarios}
     539
     540% Folie 21
    547541\begin{frame}
    548542   \frametitle{Data Analysis / Output – Some Considerations (I)}
    … …  
    580574\end{frame}
    581575
    582 % Folie 21
     576% Folie 22
    583577\begin{frame}
    584578   \frametitle{Your Responsibility and Contribution}
    … …  
    598592\end{frame}
    599593
    600 % Folie 22
     594% Folie 23
    601595\begin{frame}
    602596   \frametitle{Some recent examples of topography/building applications with PALM}
    … …  
    645639\end{frame}
    646640
    647 % Folie 22
     641% Folie 24
    648642\begin{frame}
    649643   \Large
    … …  
    651645\end{frame}
    652646
    653 % Folie 23
     647% Folie 25
    654648\begin{frame}
    655649   \frametitle{Set-up Scenario: Single Street Canyon (I)}
    … …  
    670664\end{frame}
    671665
    672 % Folie 24
     666% Folie 26
    673667\begin{frame}
    674668   \frametitle{Set-up Scenario: Single Street Canyon (II)}
    … …  
    680674\end{frame}
    681675
    682 % Folie 25
     676% Folie 27
    683677\begin{frame}
    684678 \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
    … …  
    686680         {%
    687681         \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
    688             \uncover<1>{\node at (0,-0.5) {\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{topography_figures/scenario_ssc_example_1.png}};}
    689             \uncover<2->{\node at (0,-0.5) {\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{topography_figures/scenario_ssc_example_2.png}};}
    690             %\uncover<3->{\node at (0,-0.5) {\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{topography_figures/scenario_ssc_example_3.png}};}
    691             \uncover<3->{\node at (-3.5,-0.2) {\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{topography_figures/scenario_ssc_example_4.png}};}
    692             \uncover<4->{\node at (3.5,-0.2) {\includegraphics[width=0.38\textwidth]{topography_figures/scenario_ssc_example_5.png}};}
     682            \uncover<1>{\node at (2.75,-0.5) {\includegraphics[width=0.55\textwidth]{topography_figures/scenario_ssc_example_2.png}};}
     683            \uncover<1>{\node at (-3.25,-0.5) {\includegraphics[width=0.55\textwidth]{topography_figures/scenario_ssc_example_1.png}};}
    693684         \end{tikzpicture}
    694685         };
    … …  
    696687\end{frame}
    697688
    698 % Folie 26
     689% Folie 28
     690\begin{frame}
     691 \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
     692      \node [shift={(6.5 cm, 5cm)}]  at (current page.south west)
     693         {%
     694         \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
     695            \uncover<1>{\node at (2.75,-0.5) {\includegraphics[width=0.55\textwidth]{topography_figures/scenario_ssc_example_2.png}};}
     696            \uncover<1>{\node at (-3.25,-0.5) {\includegraphics[width=0.55\textwidth]{topography_figures/scenario_ssc_example_1.png}};}
     697            \uncover<1>{\node at (3.5,-0.2) {\includegraphics[width=0.38\textwidth]{topography_figures/scenario_ssc_example_5.png}};}
     698            \uncover<2>{\node at (-3.5,-0.2) {\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{topography_figures/scenario_ssc_example_4.png}};}
     699         \end{tikzpicture}
     700         };
     701  \end{tikzpicture}
     702\end{frame}
     703
     704% Folie 29
    699705\begin{frame}
    700706   \frametitle{Set-up Scenario: Constant Flux Layer}
    … …  
    715721\end{frame}
    716722
    717 % Folie 27
     723% Folie 30
    718724\begin{frame}
    719725 \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
    … …  
    722728         \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
    723729            \uncover<1->{\node at (0,-0.5) {\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{topography_figures/scenario_cfl_example_1.png}};}
    724             \uncover<2->{\node at (-3.5,-0.2) {\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{topography_figures/scenario_cfl_example_2.png}};}
    725             \uncover<3->{\node at (3.5,-0.2) {\includegraphics[width=0.38\textwidth]{topography_figures/scenario_cfl_example_3.png}};}
    726730         \end{tikzpicture}
    727731         };
    … …  
    729733\end{frame}
    730734
    731 % Folie 28
     735% Folie 31
     736\begin{frame}
     737 \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
     738      \node [shift={(6.5 cm, 5cm)}]  at (current page.south west)
     739         {%
     740         \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
     741            \uncover<1->{\node at (0,-0.5) {\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{topography_figures/scenario_cfl_example_1.png}};}
     742            \uncover<1->{\node at (3.5,-0.2) {\includegraphics[width=0.38\textwidth]{topography_figures/scenario_cfl_example_3.png}};}
     743            \uncover<2->{\node at (-3.5,-0.2) {\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{topography_figures/scenario_cfl_example_2.png}};}
     744         \end{tikzpicture}
     745         };
     746  \end{tikzpicture}
     747\end{frame}
     748
     749% Folie 32
    732750\begin{frame}
    733751   \frametitle{Rules of Good Practise}
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