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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 3236

Last change on this file since 3236 was 3065, checked in by Giersch, 6 years ago
New vertical stretching procedure has been introduced
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 75.6 KB

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1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! ------------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z raasch $
27	! dz was replaced by the help of zw to allow for vertical stretching
28	!
29	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
30	! Error messages revised
31	!
32	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
33	! Error message revised
34	!
35	! 3022 2018-05-18 11:12:35Z suehring
36	! Bugfix in allocation of transpiration rate
37	!
38	! 3014 2018-05-09 08:42:38Z maronga
39	! Bugfix: nzb_do and nzt_do were not used for 3d data output
40	! Added pc_transpiration_rate
41	!
42	! 2977 2018-04-17 10:27:57Z kanani
43	! Implement changes from branch radiation (r2948-2971) with minor modifications,
44	! plus some formatting.
45	! (moh.hefny):
46	! Add plant canopy type to account for changes in LAD (based on the changes
47	! done by Resler & Pavel) and correct the error message to PALM Standard.
48	!
49	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z maronga
50	! renamed canopy_par to plant_canopy_parameters
51	!
52	! 2920 2018-03-22 11:22:01Z kanani
53	! Move usm_lad_rma and prototype_lad to radiation_model (moh.hefny)
54	!
55	! 2892 2018-03-14 15:06:29Z suehring
56	! Bugfix, read separate ASCII LAD files for parent and child model.
57	!
58	! 2770 2018-01-25 15:10:09Z kanani
59	! Correction of parameter check
60	!
61	! 2768 2018-01-24 15:38:29Z kanani
62	! Added check for output quantity pcm_heatrate, some formatting
63	!
64	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
65	! Increased LEN of canopy mode to 30
66	!
67	! 2746 2018-01-15 12:06:04Z suehring
68	! Move flag plant canopy to modules
69	!
70	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
71	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
72	!
73	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
74	! Changes from last commit documented
75	!
76	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
77	! Bugfix in get_topography_top_index
78	!
79	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
80	! Change in file header (GPL part)
81	! Bugfix for vertical loop index pch_index in case of Netcdf input
82	! Introduce 2D index array incorporate canopy top index
83	! Check if canopy on top of topography do not exceed vertical dimension
84	! Add check for canopy_mode in case of Netcdf input.
85	! Enable _FillValue output for 3d quantities
86	! Bugfix in reading of PIDS leaf area density (MS)
87	!
88	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
89	! coupling_char removed
90	!
91	! 2512 2017-10-04 08:26:59Z raasch
92	! upper bounds of 3d output changed from nx+1,ny+1 to nx,ny
93	! no output of ghost layer data
94	!
95	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
96	! Get topography top index via Function call
97	!
98	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
99	! Changed error messages
100	!
101	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
102	!
103	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
104	! Adjustments to new topography concept
105	!
106	! 2213 2017-04-24 15:10:35Z kanani
107	! Bugfix: exchange of ghost points in array pc_heating_rate needed for output
108	! of pcm_heatrate, onetime ghost point exchange of lad_s after initialization.
109	! Formatting and clean-up of subroutine pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d,
110	! minor re-organization of canopy-heating initialization.
111	!
112	! 2209 2017-04-19 09:34:46Z kanani
113	! Added 3d output of leaf area density (pcm_lad) and canopy
114	! heat rate (pcm_heatrate)
115	!
116	! 2024 2016-10-12 16:42:37Z kanani
117	! Added missing lad_s initialization
118	!
119	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
120	! Renamed canopy_heat_flux to pc_heating_rate, since the original meaning/
121	! calculation of the quantity has changed, related to the urban surface model
122	! and similar future applications.
123	!
124	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
125	! Added SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d for reading 3d plant canopy data
126	! from file (new case canopy_mode=read_from_file_3d) in the course of
127	! introduction of urban surface model,
128	! introduced variable ext_coef,
129	! resorted SUBROUTINEs to alphabetical order
130	!
131	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
132	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
133	!
134	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
135	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
136	!
137	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
138	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
139	!
140	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
141	! Further modularization
142	!
143	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
144	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
145	! canopy is set on top of topography
146	!
147	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
148	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
149	!
150	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
151	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
152	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
153	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
154	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
155	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
156	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
157	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
158	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
159	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
160	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
161	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
162	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
163	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
164	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
165	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
166	! respectively,
167	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
168	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
169	!
170	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
171	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
172	!
173	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
174	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
175	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
176	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
177	! old module precision_kind is removed,
178	! revision history before 2012 removed,
179	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
180	! all variable declaration statements
181	!
182	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
183	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
184	!
185	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
186	! Initial revision
187	!
188	! Description:
189	! ------------
190	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
191	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
192	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
193	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
194	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
195	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
196
197	USE arrays_3d, &
198	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
199
200	USE indices, &
201	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
202	nz, nzb, nzt
203
204	USE kinds
205
206	USE surface_mod, &
207	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji
208
209
210	IMPLICIT NONE
211
212
213	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
214
215	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
216	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
217
218	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
219
220	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
221
222	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
223	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
224	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
225	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
226	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
227	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
228	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
229	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
230	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
231	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
232	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
233	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
234	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
235
236	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
237	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
238
239	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
240	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
241
242	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
243	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
244
245	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
246	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
247	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
248	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
249
250	SAVE
251
252
253	PRIVATE
254
255	!
256	!-- Public functions
257	PUBLIC pcm_check_data_output, pcm_check_parameters, pcm_data_output_3d, &
258	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
259
260	!
261	!-- Public variables and constants
262	PUBLIC pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
263	pch_index
264
265
266	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
267	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
268	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
269
270	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
271	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
272	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
273
274	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
275	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
276	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
277
278	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
279	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
280	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
281
282	INTERFACE pcm_header
283	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
284	END INTERFACE pcm_header
285
286	INTERFACE pcm_init
287	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
288	END INTERFACE pcm_init
289
290	INTERFACE pcm_parin
291	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
292	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
293
294	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
295	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
296	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
297
298	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
299	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
300	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
301	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
302
303
304	CONTAINS
305
306
307	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
308	! Description:
309	! ------------
310	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
311	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
312	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
313
314
315	USE control_parameters, &
316	ONLY: data_output, message_string, urban_surface
317
318	IMPLICIT NONE
319
320	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
321	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
322
323
324	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
325
326	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
327	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
328	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
329	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
330	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
331	ENDIF
332	unit = 'K s-1'
333
334	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
335	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
336
337	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
338	unit = 'm2 m-3'
339
340
341	CASE DEFAULT
342	unit = 'illegal'
343
344	END SELECT
345
346
347	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
348
349
350	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
351	! Description:
352	! ------------
353	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
354	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
355	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
356
357	USE control_parameters, &
358	ONLY: cloud_physics, coupling_char, message_string, &
359	microphysics_seifert
360
361	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
362	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
363
364
365	IMPLICIT NONE
366
367
368	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
369	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
370	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
371	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
372	ENDIF
373
374	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
375	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
376	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
377	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
378	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
379	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
380	ENDIF
381
382	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
383	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
384	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
385	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
386	'lai_beta = 0.0'
387	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
388	ENDIF
389
390	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
391	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
392	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
393	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
394	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
395	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
396	'density profile'
397	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
398	ENDIF
399
400	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
401	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
402	' seifert_beheng'
403	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
404	ENDIF
405	!
406	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
407	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
408	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
409	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
410	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
411	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
412	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
413	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0999', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
414	ENDIF
415
416
417	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
418
419
420	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
421	!
422	! Description:
423	! ------------
424	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
425	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
426	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
427	nzb_do, nzt_do )
428
429	USE indices
430
431	USE kinds
432
433
434	IMPLICIT NONE
435
436	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
437
438	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
439	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
440	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
441	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
442	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
443	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
444	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
445
446	LOGICAL :: found !<
447
448	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
449	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !<
450
451
452	found = .TRUE.
453
454	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
455
456	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
457
458	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
459	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
460	DO i = nxl, nxr
461	DO j = nys, nyn
462	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
463	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
464	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
465	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
466	ENDDO
467	ENDIF
468	ENDDO
469	ENDDO
470	ENDIF
471
472	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
473	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
474	DO i = nxl, nxr
475	DO j = nys, nyn
476	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
477	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
478	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
479	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
480	ENDDO
481	ENDIF
482	ENDDO
483	ENDDO
484	ENDIF
485
486	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
487	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
488	DO i = nxl, nxr
489	DO j = nys, nyn
490	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
491	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
492	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
493	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k-k_topo,j,i)
494	ENDDO
495	ENDIF
496	ENDDO
497	ENDDO
498	ENDIF
499
500
501	CASE DEFAULT
502	found = .FALSE.
503
504	END SELECT
505
506
507	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
508
509	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
510	!
511	! Description:
512	! ------------
513	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
514	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
515	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
516	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
517
518	IMPLICIT NONE
519
520	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
521	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
522	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
523	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
524	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
525
526	found = .TRUE.
527
528	!
529	!-- Check for the grid
530	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
531
532	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate')
533	grid_x = 'x'
534	grid_y = 'y'
535	grid_z = 'zu'
536
537	CASE DEFAULT
538	found = .FALSE.
539	grid_x = 'none'
540	grid_y = 'none'
541	grid_z = 'none'
542	END SELECT
543
544	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
545
546
547	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
548	! Description:
549	! ------------
550	!> Header output for plant canopy model
551	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
552	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
553
554	USE control_parameters, &
555	ONLY: passive_scalar
556
557
558	IMPLICIT NONE
559
560	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
561
562	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
563	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
564	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
565	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
566
567	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
568	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
569	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
570
571	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
572
573	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
574
575	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
576	canopy_drag_coeff
577	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
578	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
579	leaf_surface_conc
580	ENDIF
581
582	!
583	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
584	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
585
586	!
587	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
588	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
589	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
590
591	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
592	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
593	gradients = '------'
594	slices = ' 0'
595	coordinates = ' 0.0'
596	i = 1
597	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
598	/= -9999 )
599
600	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
601	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
602	TRIM( coor_chr )
603
604	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
605	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
606
607	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
608	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
609
610	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
611	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
612
613	i = i + 1
614	ENDDO
615
616	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
617	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
618
619	ELSE
620
621	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
622	coordinates = ' 0.0'
623
624	DO k = 1, pch_index
625
626	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
627	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
628	TRIM( coor_chr )
629
630	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
631	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
632
633	ENDDO
634
635	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
636	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
637
638	ENDIF
639
640	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
641	' ------------------------------'// &
642	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
643	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
644	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
645	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
646	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
647	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
648	' K m/s')
649	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
650	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
651	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
652	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
653	' Gridpoint: ',A)
654	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
655	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
656	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
657	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
658	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
659	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
660
661	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
662
663
664	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
665	! Description:
666	! ------------
667	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
668	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
669	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
670
671
672	USE control_parameters, &
673	ONLY: humidity, io_blocks, io_group, message_string, ocean, &
674	passive_scalar, urban_surface
675
676	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
677	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
678
679	USE surface_mod, &
680	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
681
682	IMPLICIT NONE
683
684	CHARACTER(10) :: pct
685
686	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
687	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< index
688	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
689	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
690	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
691
692	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
693	REAL(wp) :: dzh !< vertical grid spacing in units of canopy height
694	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
695	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
696	REAL(wp) :: pcv(nzb:nzt+1) !<
697
698	!
699	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
700	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
701	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
702	lad = 0.0_wp
703	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
704
705	!
706	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
707	!-- a beta probability density function
708	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
709	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
710	ENDIF
711
712
713	!
714	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
715	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
716	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
717	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
718	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
719	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
720
721	!
722	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
723	i = 1
724	gradient = 0.0_wp
725
726	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
727
728	lad(0) = lad_surface
729	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
730
731	DO k = 1, pch_index
732	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
733	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
734	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
735	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
736	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
737	i = i + 1
738	ENDIF
739	ENDIF
740	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
741	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
742	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
743	ELSE
744	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
745	ENDIF
746	ELSE
747	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
748	ENDIF
749	ENDDO
750
751	ENDIF
752
753	!
754	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
755	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
756	!-- file.
757	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
758	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
759	ENDIF
760
761	ELSE
762
763	!
764	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
765	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
766	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
767
768	DO k = 0, pch_index
769	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
770	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
771	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
772	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
773	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
774	ENDDO
775
776	!
777	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
778	DO k = 0, pch_index
779	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
780	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
781	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
782	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
783	) / canopy_height
784	ENDDO
785
786	!
787	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
788	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
789	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
790	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
791	DO k = 1, pch_index
792	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
793	ENDDO
794
795	ENDIF
796
797	!
798	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
799	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
800
801	!
802	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
803	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
804	!-- with the prescribed values
805	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
806	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
807	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
808
809	!
810	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
811	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
812	!-- fully covers the domain surface
813	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
814
815	CASE( 'block' )
816
817	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
818	DO j = nysg, nyng
819	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
820	ENDDO
821	ENDDO
822
823	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
824	!
825	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
826	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
827	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
828	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
829	lad_s = 0.0_wp
830	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
831	!
832	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
833	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
834	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
835
836	DO i = nxl, nxr
837	DO j = nys, nyn
838	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
839	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
840	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
841	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
842	ENDDO
843	ENDDO
844	ENDDO
845	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
846	!
847	! ASCII file
848	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
849	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
850	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
851	!-- each location).
852	ELSE
853	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
854	ENDIF
855
856	CASE DEFAULT
857	!
858	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
859	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
860	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
861	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
862	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
863	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
864
865	END SELECT
866	!
867	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
868	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
869	pch_index_ji = 0
870
871	DO i = nxl, nxr
872	DO j = nys, nyn
873	DO k = 0, pch_index
874	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
875	ENDDO
876	!
877	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
878	!-- height of the model domain.
879	k = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
880	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
881	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
882	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
883	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0999', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
884	ENDIF
885
886	ENDDO
887	ENDDO
888
889	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
890
891	!
892	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
893	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
894	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
895	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
896	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
897	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
898	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
899	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
900	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
901	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
902	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
903	!-- When using the urban surface model (USM), canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
904	!-- by radiation is calculated in the USM.
905	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
906
907	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
908	pc_heating_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
909	!
910	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
911	!-- integration of the leaf area density
912	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
913	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
914	DO j = nysg, nyng
915	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
916	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
917	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
918	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
919	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
920	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
921	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
922	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
923	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
924	ELSE
925	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
926	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
927	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
928	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
929	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
930	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
931	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
932	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
933	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
934	ENDIF
935	ENDDO
936	ENDDO
937	ENDDO
938
939	!
940	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
941	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
942	!-- Start with default surface type
943	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
944	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
945	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
946	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
947	ENDDO
948	!
949	!-- Natural surfaces
950	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
951	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
952	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
953	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
954	ENDDO
955	!
956	!-- Urban surfaces
957	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
958	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
959	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
960	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
961	ENDDO
962	!
963	!
964	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
965	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
966	!-- canopy.
967	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
968	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
969	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
970	!-- of the respective layer
971	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
972	DO j = nysg, nyng
973	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
974	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
975	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
976	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
977	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
978	ENDIF
979	ENDDO
980	ENDDO
981	ENDDO
982
983	ENDIF
984	!
985	!-- Allocate transpiration rate
986	IF ( humidity ) &
987	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
988
989
990
991	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
992
993
994	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
995	! Description:
996	! ------------
997	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
998	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
999	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1000
1001	USE control_parameters, &
1002	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
1003
1004	IMPLICIT NONE
1005
1006	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
1007
1008	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
1009	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1010	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1011	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1012	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1013	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1014	lai_beta, &
1015	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1016	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
1017
1018	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1019	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1020	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1021	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1022	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1023	lai_beta, &
1024	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1025	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
1026
1027	line = ' '
1028
1029	!
1030	!-- Try to find radiation model package
1031	REWIND ( 11 )
1032	line = ' '
1033	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
1034	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
1035	ENDDO
1036	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1037
1038	!
1039	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1040	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters )
1041
1042	!
1043	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
1044	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1045
1046	GOTO 12
1047	!
1048	!-- Try to find old namelist
1049	10 REWIND ( 11 )
1050	line = ' '
1051	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
1052	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
1053	ENDDO
1054	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1055
1056	!
1057	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1058	READ ( 11, canopy_par )
1059
1060	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
1061	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
1062	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
1063	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
1064
1065	!
1066	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
1067	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1068
1069	12 CONTINUE
1070
1071
1072	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1073
1074
1075
1076	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1077	! Description:
1078	! ------------
1079	!
1080	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
1081	!>
1082	!> num_levels
1083	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1084	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1085	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1086	!> ...
1087	!>
1088	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
1089	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
1090	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
1091	!>
1092	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
1093	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
1094	!>
1095	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
1096	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
1097	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1098	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1099
1100	USE control_parameters, &
1101	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string, passive_scalar
1102
1103	USE indices, &
1104	ONLY: nbgp
1105
1106	IMPLICIT NONE
1107
1108	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
1109	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
1110	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
1111	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
1112	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
1113	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
1114
1115	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
1116
1117	!
1118	!-- Initialize lad_s array
1119	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1120
1121	!
1122	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
1123	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
1124	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
1125	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
1126	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
1127
1128	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
1129
1130	DO
1131	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
1132	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
1133
1134	SELECT CASE (dtype)
1135	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
1136	!
1137	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
1138	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
1139	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
1140	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
1141	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
1142	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
1143	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
1144	'but pctype is ', pctype
1145	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1146	ENDIF
1147	lad_s(0:nzp-1,j,i) = col(0:nzp-1) * lad_type_coef(pctype)
1148
1149	CASE DEFAULT
1150	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
1151	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
1152	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1153	END SELECT
1154	ENDDO
1155
1156	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1157	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1158
1159	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1160	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1161
1162	517 CLOSE(152)
1163	DEALLOCATE( col )
1164
1165	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1166
1167	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1168
1169
1170
1171	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1172	! Description:
1173	! ------------
1174	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
1175	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
1176	!>
1177	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
1178	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1179	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
1180	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
1181	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1182	!>
1183	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
1184	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
1185	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
1186	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
1187	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
1188	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
1189	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
1190	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
1191	!>
1192	!>
1193	!> Call for all grid points
1194	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1195	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
1196
1197
1198	USE control_parameters, &
1199	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
1200
1201	USE kinds
1202
1203	IMPLICIT NONE
1204
1205	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1206	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1207	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1208	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1209	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
1210	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1211
1212	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1213	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1214	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1215	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1216	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1217	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1218
1219
1220	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
1221
1222	!
1223	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
1224	SELECT CASE ( component )
1225
1226	!
1227	!-- u-component
1228	CASE ( 1 )
1229	DO i = nxlu, nxr
1230	DO j = nys, nyn
1231	!
1232	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
1233	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
1234	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1235
1236	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1237	!
1238	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1239	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
1240	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
1241	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
1242	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
1243	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
1244	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1245	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1246	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
1247	THEN
1248	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1249	ENDIF
1250
1251	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1252	pre_u = 0.0_wp
1253	!
1254	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1255	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1256	lad_local * &
1257	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
1258	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
1259	v(k,j,i) + &
1260	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1261	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
1262	)**2 + &
1263	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
1264	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1265	w(k,j,i-1) + &
1266	w(k,j,i) ) &
1267	)**2 &
1268	) * &
1269	u(k,j,i)
1270
1271	!
1272	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1273	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1274	!
1275	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1276	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1277	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
1278	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1279	ELSE
1280	pre_tend = pre_tend
1281	ENDIF
1282	!
1283	!-- Calculate final tendency
1284	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1285
1286	ENDDO
1287	ENDDO
1288	ENDDO
1289
1290	!
1291	!-- v-component
1292	CASE ( 2 )
1293	DO i = nxl, nxr
1294	DO j = nysv, nyn
1295	!
1296	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
1297	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
1298
1299	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1300
1301	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1302	!
1303	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1304	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
1305	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
1306	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
1307	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
1308	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
1309	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1310	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1311	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
1312	THEN
1313	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1314	ENDIF
1315
1316	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1317	pre_v = 0.0_wp
1318	!
1319	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1320	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1321	lad_local * &
1322	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
1323	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
1324	u(k,j,i) + &
1325	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1326	)**2 + &
1327	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
1328	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
1329	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1330	w(k,j-1,i) + &
1331	w(k,j,i) ) &
1332	)**2 &
1333	) * &
1334	v(k,j,i)
1335
1336	!
1337	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1338	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1339	!
1340	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1341	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1342	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
1343	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1344	ELSE
1345	pre_tend = pre_tend
1346	ENDIF
1347	!
1348	!-- Calculate final tendency
1349	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1350
1351	ENDDO
1352	ENDDO
1353	ENDDO
1354
1355	!
1356	!-- w-component
1357	CASE ( 3 )
1358	DO i = nxl, nxr
1359	DO j = nys, nyn
1360	!
1361	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
1362	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
1363
1364	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
1365
1366	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1367
1368	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1369	pre_w = 0.0_wp
1370	!
1371	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1372	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1373	(0.5_wp * &
1374	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
1375	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1376	u(k,j,i+1) + &
1377	u(k+1,j,i) + &
1378	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
1379	)**2 + &
1380	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1381	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1382	v(k+1,j,i) + &
1383	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
1384	)**2 + &
1385	w(k,j,i)**2 &
1386	) * &
1387	w(k,j,i)
1388	!
1389	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1390	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1391	!
1392	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1393	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1394	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
1395	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1396	ELSE
1397	pre_tend = pre_tend
1398	ENDIF
1399	!
1400	!-- Calculate final tendency
1401	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1402
1403	ENDDO
1404	ENDDO
1405	ENDDO
1406
1407	!
1408	!-- potential temperature
1409	CASE ( 4 )
1410	DO i = nxl, nxr
1411	DO j = nys, nyn
1412	!
1413	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1414	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1415
1416	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1417
1418	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1419	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
1420	ENDDO
1421	ENDDO
1422	ENDDO
1423
1424	!
1425	!-- humidity
1426	CASE ( 5 )
1427	DO i = nxl, nxr
1428	DO j = nys, nyn
1429	!
1430	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1431	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1432
1433	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1434
1435	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1436	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
1437	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1438	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1439	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1440	)**2 + &
1441	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1442	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1443	)**2 + &
1444	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1445	w(k,j,i) ) &
1446	)**2 &
1447	) * &
1448	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
1449
1450	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
1451	ENDDO
1452	ENDDO
1453	ENDDO
1454
1455	!
1456	!-- sgs-tke
1457	CASE ( 6 )
1458	DO i = nxl, nxr
1459	DO j = nys, nyn
1460	!
1461	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1462	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1463
1464	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1465
1466	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1467	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1468	2.0_wp * cdc * &
1469	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1470	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1471	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1472	)**2 + &
1473	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1474	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1475	)**2 + &
1476	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
1477	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
1478	)**2 &
1479	) * &
1480	e(k,j,i)
1481	ENDDO
1482	ENDDO
1483	ENDDO
1484	!
1485	!-- scalar concentration
1486	CASE ( 7 )
1487	DO i = nxl, nxr
1488	DO j = nys, nyn
1489	!
1490	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1491	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1492
1493	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1494
1495	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1496	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1497	lsec * &
1498	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1499	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1500	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1501	)**2 + &
1502	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1503	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1504	)**2 + &
1505	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1506	w(k,j,i) ) &
1507	)**2 &
1508	) * &
1509	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
1510	ENDDO
1511	ENDDO
1512	ENDDO
1513
1514
1515
1516	CASE DEFAULT
1517
1518	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
1519	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1520
1521	END SELECT
1522
1523	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
1524
1525
1526	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1527	! Description:
1528	! ------------
1529	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
1530	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
1531	!>
1532	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
1533	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1534	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
1535	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
1536	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1537	!>
1538	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
1539	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
1540	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
1541	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
1542	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
1543	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
1544	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
1545	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
1546	!>
1547	!>
1548	!> Call for grid point i,j
1549	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1550	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
1551
1552
1553	USE control_parameters, &
1554	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
1555
1556	USE kinds
1557
1558	IMPLICIT NONE
1559
1560	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1561	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1562	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1563	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1564	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
1565	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1566
1567	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1568	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1569	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1570	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1571	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1572	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1573
1574
1575	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
1576	!
1577	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
1578	SELECT CASE ( component )
1579
1580	!
1581	!-- u-component
1582	CASE ( 1 )
1583	!
1584	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
1585	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
1586	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1587
1588	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1589
1590	!
1591	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1592	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1593	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1594	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1595	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1596	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
1597	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1598	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1599	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1600	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1601	ENDIF
1602
1603	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1604	pre_u = 0.0_wp
1605	!
1606	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1607	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1608	lad_local * &
1609	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
1610	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
1611	v(k,j,i) + &
1612	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1613	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
1614	)**2 + &
1615	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
1616	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1617	w(k,j,i-1) + &
1618	w(k,j,i) ) &
1619	)**2 &
1620	) * &
1621	u(k,j,i)
1622
1623	!
1624	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1625	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1626	!
1627	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1628	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1629	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
1630	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1631	ELSE
1632	pre_tend = pre_tend
1633	ENDIF
1634	!
1635	!-- Calculate final tendency
1636	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1637	ENDDO
1638
1639
1640	!
1641	!-- v-component
1642	CASE ( 2 )
1643	!
1644	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
1645	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
1646
1647	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1648
1649	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1650	!
1651	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1652	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1653	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1654	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1655	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1656	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
1657	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1658	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1659	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1660	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1661	ENDIF
1662
1663	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1664	pre_v = 0.0_wp
1665	!
1666	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1667	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1668	lad_local * &
1669	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
1670	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
1671	u(k,j,i) + &
1672	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1673	)**2 + &
1674	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
1675	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
1676	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1677	w(k,j-1,i) + &
1678	w(k,j,i) ) &
1679	)**2 &
1680	) * &
1681	v(k,j,i)
1682
1683	!
1684	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1685	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1686	!
1687	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1688	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1689	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
1690	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1691	ELSE
1692	pre_tend = pre_tend
1693	ENDIF
1694	!
1695	!-- Calculate final tendency
1696	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1697	ENDDO
1698
1699
1700	!
1701	!-- w-component
1702	CASE ( 3 )
1703	!
1704	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
1705	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
1706
1707	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
1708
1709	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1710
1711	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1712	pre_w = 0.0_wp
1713	!
1714	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1715	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1716	(0.5_wp * &
1717	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
1718	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1719	u(k,j,i+1) + &
1720	u(k+1,j,i) + &
1721	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
1722	)**2 + &
1723	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1724	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1725	v(k+1,j,i) + &
1726	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
1727	)**2 + &
1728	w(k,j,i)**2 &
1729	) * &
1730	w(k,j,i)
1731	!
1732	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1733	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1734	!
1735	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1736	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1737	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
1738	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1739	ELSE
1740	pre_tend = pre_tend
1741	ENDIF
1742	!
1743	!-- Calculate final tendency
1744	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1745	ENDDO
1746
1747	!
1748	!-- potential temperature
1749	CASE ( 4 )
1750	!
1751	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
1752	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1753
1754	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1755	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1756	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
1757	ENDDO
1758
1759
1760	!
1761	!-- humidity
1762	CASE ( 5 )
1763	!
1764	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
1765	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1766
1767	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1768	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1769
1770	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
1771	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1772	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1773	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1774	)**2 + &
1775	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1776	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1777	)**2 + &
1778	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1779	w(k,j,i) ) &
1780	)**2 &
1781	) * &
1782	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
1783
1784	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
1785
1786	ENDDO
1787
1788	!
1789	!-- sgs-tke
1790	CASE ( 6 )
1791	!
1792	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
1793	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1794
1795	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1796
1797	kk = k - k_wall
1798	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1799	2.0_wp * cdc * &
1800	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1801	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1802	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1803	)**2 + &
1804	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1805	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1806	)**2 + &
1807	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
1808	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
1809	)**2 &
1810	) * &
1811	e(k,j,i)
1812	ENDDO
1813
1814	!
1815	!-- scalar concentration
1816	CASE ( 7 )
1817	!
1818	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
1819	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1820
1821	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1822
1823	kk = k - k_wall
1824	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1825	lsec * &
1826	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1827	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1828	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1829	)**2 + &
1830	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1831	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1832	)**2 + &
1833	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1834	w(k,j,i) ) &
1835	)**2 &
1836	) * &
1837	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
1838	ENDDO
1839
1840	CASE DEFAULT
1841
1842	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
1843	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1844
1845	END SELECT
1846
1847	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
1848
1849
1850
1851	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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