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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 3241

Last change on this file since 3241 was 3241, checked in by raasch, 6 years ago
various changes to avoid compiler warnings (mainly removal of unused variables)
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 75.3 KB

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1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! ------------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch $
27	! unused variables removed
28	!
29	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
30	! dz was replaced by the help of zw to allow for vertical stretching
31	!
32	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
33	! Error messages revised
34	!
35	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
36	! Error message revised
37	!
38	! 3022 2018-05-18 11:12:35Z suehring
39	! Bugfix in allocation of transpiration rate
40	!
41	! 3014 2018-05-09 08:42:38Z maronga
42	! Bugfix: nzb_do and nzt_do were not used for 3d data output
43	! Added pc_transpiration_rate
44	!
45	! 2977 2018-04-17 10:27:57Z kanani
46	! Implement changes from branch radiation (r2948-2971) with minor modifications,
47	! plus some formatting.
48	! (moh.hefny):
49	! Add plant canopy type to account for changes in LAD (based on the changes
50	! done by Resler & Pavel) and correct the error message to PALM Standard.
51	!
52	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z maronga
53	! renamed canopy_par to plant_canopy_parameters
54	!
55	! 2920 2018-03-22 11:22:01Z kanani
56	! Move usm_lad_rma and prototype_lad to radiation_model (moh.hefny)
57	!
58	! 2892 2018-03-14 15:06:29Z suehring
59	! Bugfix, read separate ASCII LAD files for parent and child model.
60	!
61	! 2770 2018-01-25 15:10:09Z kanani
62	! Correction of parameter check
63	!
64	! 2768 2018-01-24 15:38:29Z kanani
65	! Added check for output quantity pcm_heatrate, some formatting
66	!
67	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
68	! Increased LEN of canopy mode to 30
69	!
70	! 2746 2018-01-15 12:06:04Z suehring
71	! Move flag plant canopy to modules
72	!
73	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
74	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
75	!
76	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
77	! Changes from last commit documented
78	!
79	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
80	! Bugfix in get_topography_top_index
81	!
82	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
83	! Change in file header (GPL part)
84	! Bugfix for vertical loop index pch_index in case of Netcdf input
85	! Introduce 2D index array incorporate canopy top index
86	! Check if canopy on top of topography do not exceed vertical dimension
87	! Add check for canopy_mode in case of Netcdf input.
88	! Enable _FillValue output for 3d quantities
89	! Bugfix in reading of PIDS leaf area density (MS)
90	!
91	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
92	! coupling_char removed
93	!
94	! 2512 2017-10-04 08:26:59Z raasch
95	! upper bounds of 3d output changed from nx+1,ny+1 to nx,ny
96	! no output of ghost layer data
97	!
98	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
99	! Get topography top index via Function call
100	!
101	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
102	! Changed error messages
103	!
104	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
105	!
106	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
107	! Adjustments to new topography concept
108	!
109	! 2213 2017-04-24 15:10:35Z kanani
110	! Bugfix: exchange of ghost points in array pc_heating_rate needed for output
111	! of pcm_heatrate, onetime ghost point exchange of lad_s after initialization.
112	! Formatting and clean-up of subroutine pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d,
113	! minor re-organization of canopy-heating initialization.
114	!
115	! 2209 2017-04-19 09:34:46Z kanani
116	! Added 3d output of leaf area density (pcm_lad) and canopy
117	! heat rate (pcm_heatrate)
118	!
119	! 2024 2016-10-12 16:42:37Z kanani
120	! Added missing lad_s initialization
121	!
122	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
123	! Renamed canopy_heat_flux to pc_heating_rate, since the original meaning/
124	! calculation of the quantity has changed, related to the urban surface model
125	! and similar future applications.
126	!
127	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
128	! Added SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d for reading 3d plant canopy data
129	! from file (new case canopy_mode=read_from_file_3d) in the course of
130	! introduction of urban surface model,
131	! introduced variable ext_coef,
132	! resorted SUBROUTINEs to alphabetical order
133	!
134	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
135	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
136	!
137	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
138	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
139	!
140	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
141	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
142	!
143	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
144	! Further modularization
145	!
146	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
147	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
148	! canopy is set on top of topography
149	!
150	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
151	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
152	!
153	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
154	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
155	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
156	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
157	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
158	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
159	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
160	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
161	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
162	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
163	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
164	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
165	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
166	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
167	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
168	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
169	! respectively,
170	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
171	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
172	!
173	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
174	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
175	!
176	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
177	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
178	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
179	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
180	! old module precision_kind is removed,
181	! revision history before 2012 removed,
182	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
183	! all variable declaration statements
184	!
185	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
186	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
187	!
188	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
189	! Initial revision
190	!
191	! Description:
192	! ------------
193	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
194	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
195	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
196	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
197	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
198	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
199
200	USE arrays_3d, &
201	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
202
203	USE indices, &
204	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
205	nz, nzb, nzt
206
207	USE kinds
208
209	USE surface_mod, &
210	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji
211
212
213	IMPLICIT NONE
214
215
216	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
217
218	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
219	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
220
221	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
222
223	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
224
225	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
226	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
227	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
228	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
229	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
230	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
231	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
232	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
233	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
234	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
235	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
236	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
237	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
238
239	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
240	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
241
242	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
243	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
244
245	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
246	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
247
248	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
249	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
250	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
252
253	SAVE
254
255
256	PRIVATE
257
258	!
259	!-- Public functions
260	PUBLIC pcm_check_data_output, pcm_check_parameters, pcm_data_output_3d, &
261	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
262
263	!
264	!-- Public variables and constants
265	PUBLIC pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
266	pch_index
267
268
269	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
270	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
271	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
272
273	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
274	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
275	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
276
277	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
278	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
279	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
280
281	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
282	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
283	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
284
285	INTERFACE pcm_header
286	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
287	END INTERFACE pcm_header
288
289	INTERFACE pcm_init
290	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
291	END INTERFACE pcm_init
292
293	INTERFACE pcm_parin
294	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
295	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
296
297	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
298	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
299	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
300
301	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
302	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
303	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
304	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
305
306
307	CONTAINS
308
309
310	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
311	! Description:
312	! ------------
313	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
314	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
315	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
316
317
318	USE control_parameters, &
319	ONLY: message_string, urban_surface
320
321	IMPLICIT NONE
322
323	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
324	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
325
326
327	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
328
329	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
330	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
331	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
332	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
333	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
334	ENDIF
335	unit = 'K s-1'
336
337	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
338	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
339
340	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
341	unit = 'm2 m-3'
342
343
344	CASE DEFAULT
345	unit = 'illegal'
346
347	END SELECT
348
349
350	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
351
352
353	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
354	! Description:
355	! ------------
356	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
357	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
358	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
359
360	USE control_parameters, &
361	ONLY: cloud_physics, coupling_char, message_string, &
362	microphysics_seifert
363
364	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
365	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
366
367
368	IMPLICIT NONE
369
370
371	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
372	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
373	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
374	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
375	ENDIF
376
377	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
378	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
379	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
380	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
381	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
382	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
383	ENDIF
384
385	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
386	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
387	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
388	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
389	'lai_beta = 0.0'
390	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
391	ENDIF
392
393	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
394	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
395	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
396	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
397	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
398	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
399	'density profile'
400	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
401	ENDIF
402
403	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
404	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
405	' seifert_beheng'
406	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
407	ENDIF
408	!
409	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
410	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
411	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
412	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
413	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
414	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
415	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
416	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0999', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
417	ENDIF
418
419
420	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
421
422
423	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
424	!
425	! Description:
426	! ------------
427	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
428	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
429	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
430	nzb_do, nzt_do )
431
432	USE indices
433
434	USE kinds
435
436
437	IMPLICIT NONE
438
439	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
440
441	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
442	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
443	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
444	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
445	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
446	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
447	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
448
449	LOGICAL :: found !<
450
451	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
452	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !<
453
454
455	found = .TRUE.
456
457	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
458
459	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
460
461	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
462	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
463	DO i = nxl, nxr
464	DO j = nys, nyn
465	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
466	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
467	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
468	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
469	ENDDO
470	ENDIF
471	ENDDO
472	ENDDO
473	ENDIF
474
475	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
476	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
477	DO i = nxl, nxr
478	DO j = nys, nyn
479	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
480	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
481	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
482	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
483	ENDDO
484	ENDIF
485	ENDDO
486	ENDDO
487	ENDIF
488
489	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
490	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
491	DO i = nxl, nxr
492	DO j = nys, nyn
493	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
494	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
495	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
496	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k-k_topo,j,i)
497	ENDDO
498	ENDIF
499	ENDDO
500	ENDDO
501	ENDIF
502
503
504	CASE DEFAULT
505	found = .FALSE.
506
507	END SELECT
508
509
510	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
511
512	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
513	!
514	! Description:
515	! ------------
516	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
517	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
518	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
519	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
520
521	IMPLICIT NONE
522
523	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
524	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
525	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
526	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
527	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
528
529	found = .TRUE.
530
531	!
532	!-- Check for the grid
533	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
534
535	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate')
536	grid_x = 'x'
537	grid_y = 'y'
538	grid_z = 'zu'
539
540	CASE DEFAULT
541	found = .FALSE.
542	grid_x = 'none'
543	grid_y = 'none'
544	grid_z = 'none'
545	END SELECT
546
547	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
548
549
550	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
551	! Description:
552	! ------------
553	!> Header output for plant canopy model
554	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
555	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
556
557	USE control_parameters, &
558	ONLY: passive_scalar
559
560
561	IMPLICIT NONE
562
563	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
564
565	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
566	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
567	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
568	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
569
570	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
571	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
572	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
573
574	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
575
576	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
577
578	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
579	canopy_drag_coeff
580	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
581	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
582	leaf_surface_conc
583	ENDIF
584
585	!
586	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
587	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
588
589	!
590	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
591	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
592	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
593
594	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
595	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
596	gradients = '------'
597	slices = ' 0'
598	coordinates = ' 0.0'
599	i = 1
600	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
601	/= -9999 )
602
603	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
604	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
605	TRIM( coor_chr )
606
607	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
608	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
609
610	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
611	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
612
613	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
614	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
615
616	i = i + 1
617	ENDDO
618
619	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
620	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
621
622	ELSE
623
624	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
625	coordinates = ' 0.0'
626
627	DO k = 1, pch_index
628
629	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
630	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
631	TRIM( coor_chr )
632
633	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
634	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
635
636	ENDDO
637
638	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
639	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
640
641	ENDIF
642
643	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
644	' ------------------------------'// &
645	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
646	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
647	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
648	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
649	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
650	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
651	' K m/s')
652	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
653	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
654	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
655	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
656	' Gridpoint: ',A)
657	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
658	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
659	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
660	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
661	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
662	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
663
664	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
665
666
667	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
668	! Description:
669	! ------------
670	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
671	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
672	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
673
674
675	USE control_parameters, &
676	ONLY: humidity, message_string, ocean, urban_surface
677
678	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
679	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
680
681	USE surface_mod, &
682	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
683
684	IMPLICIT NONE
685
686	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
687	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
688	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
689	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
690
691	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
692	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
693	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
694
695	!
696	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
697	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
698	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
699	lad = 0.0_wp
700	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
701
702	!
703	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
704	!-- a beta probability density function
705	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
706	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
707	ENDIF
708
709
710	!
711	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
712	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
713	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
714	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
715	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
716	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
717
718	!
719	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
720	i = 1
721	gradient = 0.0_wp
722
723	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
724
725	lad(0) = lad_surface
726	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
727
728	DO k = 1, pch_index
729	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
730	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
731	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
732	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
733	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
734	i = i + 1
735	ENDIF
736	ENDIF
737	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
738	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
739	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
740	ELSE
741	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
742	ENDIF
743	ELSE
744	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
745	ENDIF
746	ENDDO
747
748	ENDIF
749
750	!
751	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
752	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
753	!-- file.
754	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
755	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
756	ENDIF
757
758	ELSE
759
760	!
761	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
762	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
763	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
764
765	DO k = 0, pch_index
766	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
767	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
768	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
769	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
770	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
771	ENDDO
772
773	!
774	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
775	DO k = 0, pch_index
776	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
777	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
778	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
779	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
780	) / canopy_height
781	ENDDO
782
783	!
784	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
785	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
786	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
787	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
788	DO k = 1, pch_index
789	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
790	ENDDO
791
792	ENDIF
793
794	!
795	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
796	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
797
798	!
799	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
800	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
801	!-- with the prescribed values
802	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
803	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
804	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
805
806	!
807	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
808	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
809	!-- fully covers the domain surface
810	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
811
812	CASE( 'block' )
813
814	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
815	DO j = nysg, nyng
816	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
817	ENDDO
818	ENDDO
819
820	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
821	!
822	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
823	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
824	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
825	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
826	lad_s = 0.0_wp
827	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
828	!
829	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
830	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
831	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
832
833	DO i = nxl, nxr
834	DO j = nys, nyn
835	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
836	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
837	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
838	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
839	ENDDO
840	ENDDO
841	ENDDO
842	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
843	!
844	! ASCII file
845	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
846	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
847	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
848	!-- each location).
849	ELSE
850	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
851	ENDIF
852
853	CASE DEFAULT
854	!
855	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
856	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
857	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
858	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
859	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
860	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
861
862	END SELECT
863	!
864	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
865	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
866	pch_index_ji = 0
867
868	DO i = nxl, nxr
869	DO j = nys, nyn
870	DO k = 0, pch_index
871	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
872	ENDDO
873	!
874	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
875	!-- height of the model domain.
876	k = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
877	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
878	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
879	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
880	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0999', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
881	ENDIF
882
883	ENDDO
884	ENDDO
885
886	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
887
888	!
889	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
890	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
891	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
892	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
893	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
894	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
895	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
896	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
897	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
898	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
899	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
900	!-- When using the urban surface model (USM), canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
901	!-- by radiation is calculated in the USM.
902	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
903
904	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
905	pc_heating_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
906	!
907	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
908	!-- integration of the leaf area density
909	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
910	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
911	DO j = nysg, nyng
912	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
913	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
914	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
915	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
916	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
917	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
918	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
919	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
920	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
921	ELSE
922	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
923	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
924	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
925	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
926	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
927	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
928	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
929	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
930	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
931	ENDIF
932	ENDDO
933	ENDDO
934	ENDDO
935
936	!
937	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
938	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
939	!-- Start with default surface type
940	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
941	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
942	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
943	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
944	ENDDO
945	!
946	!-- Natural surfaces
947	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
948	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
949	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
950	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
951	ENDDO
952	!
953	!-- Urban surfaces
954	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
955	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
956	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
957	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
958	ENDDO
959	!
960	!
961	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
962	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
963	!-- canopy.
964	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
965	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
966	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
967	!-- of the respective layer
968	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
969	DO j = nysg, nyng
970	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
971	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
972	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
973	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
974	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
975	ENDIF
976	ENDDO
977	ENDDO
978	ENDDO
979
980	ENDIF
981	!
982	!-- Allocate transpiration rate
983	IF ( humidity ) &
984	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
985
986
987
988	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
989
990
991	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
992	! Description:
993	! ------------
994	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
995	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
996	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
997
998	USE control_parameters, &
999	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
1000
1001	IMPLICIT NONE
1002
1003	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
1004
1005	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
1006	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1007	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1008	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1009	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1010	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1011	lai_beta, &
1012	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1013	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
1014
1015	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1016	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1017	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1018	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1019	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1020	lai_beta, &
1021	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1022	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
1023
1024	line = ' '
1025
1026	!
1027	!-- Try to find radiation model package
1028	REWIND ( 11 )
1029	line = ' '
1030	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
1031	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
1032	ENDDO
1033	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1034
1035	!
1036	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1037	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters )
1038
1039	!
1040	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
1041	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1042
1043	GOTO 12
1044	!
1045	!-- Try to find old namelist
1046	10 REWIND ( 11 )
1047	line = ' '
1048	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
1049	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
1050	ENDDO
1051	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1052
1053	!
1054	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1055	READ ( 11, canopy_par )
1056
1057	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
1058	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
1059	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
1060	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
1061
1062	!
1063	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
1064	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1065
1066	12 CONTINUE
1067
1068
1069	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1070
1071
1072
1073	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1074	! Description:
1075	! ------------
1076	!
1077	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
1078	!>
1079	!> num_levels
1080	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1081	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1082	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1083	!> ...
1084	!>
1085	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
1086	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
1087	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
1088	!>
1089	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
1090	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
1091	!>
1092	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
1093	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
1094	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1095	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1096
1097	USE control_parameters, &
1098	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
1099
1100	USE indices, &
1101	ONLY: nbgp
1102
1103	IMPLICIT NONE
1104
1105	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
1106	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
1107	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
1108	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
1109
1110	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
1111
1112	!
1113	!-- Initialize lad_s array
1114	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1115
1116	!
1117	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
1118	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
1119	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
1120	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
1121	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
1122
1123	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
1124
1125	DO
1126	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
1127	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
1128
1129	SELECT CASE (dtype)
1130	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
1131	!
1132	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
1133	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
1134	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
1135	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
1136	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
1137	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
1138	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
1139	'but pctype is ', pctype
1140	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1141	ENDIF
1142	lad_s(0:nzp-1,j,i) = col(0:nzp-1) * lad_type_coef(pctype)
1143
1144	CASE DEFAULT
1145	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
1146	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
1147	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1148	END SELECT
1149	ENDDO
1150
1151	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1152	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1153
1154	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1155	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1156
1157	517 CLOSE(152)
1158	DEALLOCATE( col )
1159
1160	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1161
1162	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1163
1164
1165
1166	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1167	! Description:
1168	! ------------
1169	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
1170	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
1171	!>
1172	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
1173	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1174	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
1175	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
1176	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1177	!>
1178	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
1179	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
1180	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
1181	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
1182	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
1183	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
1184	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
1185	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
1186	!>
1187	!>
1188	!> Call for all grid points
1189	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1190	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
1191
1192
1193	USE control_parameters, &
1194	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
1195
1196	USE kinds
1197
1198	IMPLICIT NONE
1199
1200	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1201	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1202	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1203	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1204	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
1205	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1206
1207	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1208	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1209	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1210	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1211	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1212	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1213
1214
1215	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
1216
1217	!
1218	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
1219	SELECT CASE ( component )
1220
1221	!
1222	!-- u-component
1223	CASE ( 1 )
1224	DO i = nxlu, nxr
1225	DO j = nys, nyn
1226	!
1227	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
1228	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
1229	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1230
1231	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1232	!
1233	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1234	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
1235	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
1236	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
1237	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
1238	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
1239	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1240	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1241	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
1242	THEN
1243	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1244	ENDIF
1245
1246	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1247	pre_u = 0.0_wp
1248	!
1249	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1250	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1251	lad_local * &
1252	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
1253	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
1254	v(k,j,i) + &
1255	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1256	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
1257	)**2 + &
1258	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
1259	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1260	w(k,j,i-1) + &
1261	w(k,j,i) ) &
1262	)**2 &
1263	) * &
1264	u(k,j,i)
1265
1266	!
1267	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1268	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1269	!
1270	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1271	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1272	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
1273	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1274	ELSE
1275	pre_tend = pre_tend
1276	ENDIF
1277	!
1278	!-- Calculate final tendency
1279	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1280
1281	ENDDO
1282	ENDDO
1283	ENDDO
1284
1285	!
1286	!-- v-component
1287	CASE ( 2 )
1288	DO i = nxl, nxr
1289	DO j = nysv, nyn
1290	!
1291	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
1292	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
1293
1294	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1295
1296	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1297	!
1298	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1299	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
1300	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
1301	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
1302	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
1303	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
1304	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1305	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1306	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
1307	THEN
1308	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1309	ENDIF
1310
1311	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1312	pre_v = 0.0_wp
1313	!
1314	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1315	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1316	lad_local * &
1317	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
1318	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
1319	u(k,j,i) + &
1320	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1321	)**2 + &
1322	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
1323	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
1324	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1325	w(k,j-1,i) + &
1326	w(k,j,i) ) &
1327	)**2 &
1328	) * &
1329	v(k,j,i)
1330
1331	!
1332	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1333	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1334	!
1335	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1336	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1337	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
1338	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1339	ELSE
1340	pre_tend = pre_tend
1341	ENDIF
1342	!
1343	!-- Calculate final tendency
1344	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1345
1346	ENDDO
1347	ENDDO
1348	ENDDO
1349
1350	!
1351	!-- w-component
1352	CASE ( 3 )
1353	DO i = nxl, nxr
1354	DO j = nys, nyn
1355	!
1356	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
1357	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
1358
1359	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
1360
1361	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1362
1363	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1364	pre_w = 0.0_wp
1365	!
1366	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1367	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1368	(0.5_wp * &
1369	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
1370	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1371	u(k,j,i+1) + &
1372	u(k+1,j,i) + &
1373	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
1374	)**2 + &
1375	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1376	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1377	v(k+1,j,i) + &
1378	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
1379	)**2 + &
1380	w(k,j,i)**2 &
1381	) * &
1382	w(k,j,i)
1383	!
1384	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1385	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1386	!
1387	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1388	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1389	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
1390	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1391	ELSE
1392	pre_tend = pre_tend
1393	ENDIF
1394	!
1395	!-- Calculate final tendency
1396	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1397
1398	ENDDO
1399	ENDDO
1400	ENDDO
1401
1402	!
1403	!-- potential temperature
1404	CASE ( 4 )
1405	DO i = nxl, nxr
1406	DO j = nys, nyn
1407	!
1408	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1409	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1410
1411	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1412
1413	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1414	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
1415	ENDDO
1416	ENDDO
1417	ENDDO
1418
1419	!
1420	!-- humidity
1421	CASE ( 5 )
1422	DO i = nxl, nxr
1423	DO j = nys, nyn
1424	!
1425	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1426	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1427
1428	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1429
1430	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1431	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
1432	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1433	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1434	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1435	)**2 + &
1436	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1437	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1438	)**2 + &
1439	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1440	w(k,j,i) ) &
1441	)**2 &
1442	) * &
1443	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
1444
1445	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
1446	ENDDO
1447	ENDDO
1448	ENDDO
1449
1450	!
1451	!-- sgs-tke
1452	CASE ( 6 )
1453	DO i = nxl, nxr
1454	DO j = nys, nyn
1455	!
1456	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1457	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1458
1459	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1460
1461	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1462	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1463	2.0_wp * cdc * &
1464	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1465	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1466	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1467	)**2 + &
1468	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1469	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1470	)**2 + &
1471	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
1472	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
1473	)**2 &
1474	) * &
1475	e(k,j,i)
1476	ENDDO
1477	ENDDO
1478	ENDDO
1479	!
1480	!-- scalar concentration
1481	CASE ( 7 )
1482	DO i = nxl, nxr
1483	DO j = nys, nyn
1484	!
1485	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1486	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1487
1488	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1489
1490	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1491	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1492	lsec * &
1493	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1494	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1495	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1496	)**2 + &
1497	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1498	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1499	)**2 + &
1500	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1501	w(k,j,i) ) &
1502	)**2 &
1503	) * &
1504	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
1505	ENDDO
1506	ENDDO
1507	ENDDO
1508
1509
1510
1511	CASE DEFAULT
1512
1513	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
1514	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1515
1516	END SELECT
1517
1518	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
1519
1520
1521	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1522	! Description:
1523	! ------------
1524	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
1525	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
1526	!>
1527	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
1528	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1529	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
1530	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
1531	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1532	!>
1533	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
1534	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
1535	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
1536	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
1537	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
1538	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
1539	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
1540	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
1541	!>
1542	!>
1543	!> Call for grid point i,j
1544	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1545	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
1546
1547
1548	USE control_parameters, &
1549	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
1550
1551	USE kinds
1552
1553	IMPLICIT NONE
1554
1555	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1556	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1557	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1558	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1559	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
1560	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1561
1562	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1563	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1564	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1565	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1566	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1567	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1568
1569
1570	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
1571	!
1572	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
1573	SELECT CASE ( component )
1574
1575	!
1576	!-- u-component
1577	CASE ( 1 )
1578	!
1579	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
1580	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
1581	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1582
1583	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1584
1585	!
1586	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1587	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1588	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1589	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1590	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1591	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
1592	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1593	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1594	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1595	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1596	ENDIF
1597
1598	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1599	pre_u = 0.0_wp
1600	!
1601	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1602	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1603	lad_local * &
1604	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
1605	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
1606	v(k,j,i) + &
1607	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1608	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
1609	)**2 + &
1610	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
1611	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1612	w(k,j,i-1) + &
1613	w(k,j,i) ) &
1614	)**2 &
1615	) * &
1616	u(k,j,i)
1617
1618	!
1619	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1620	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1621	!
1622	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1623	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1624	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
1625	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1626	ELSE
1627	pre_tend = pre_tend
1628	ENDIF
1629	!
1630	!-- Calculate final tendency
1631	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1632	ENDDO
1633
1634
1635	!
1636	!-- v-component
1637	CASE ( 2 )
1638	!
1639	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
1640	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
1641
1642	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1643
1644	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1645	!
1646	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1647	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1648	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1649	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1650	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1651	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
1652	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1653	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1654	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1655	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1656	ENDIF
1657
1658	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1659	pre_v = 0.0_wp
1660	!
1661	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1662	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1663	lad_local * &
1664	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
1665	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
1666	u(k,j,i) + &
1667	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1668	)**2 + &
1669	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
1670	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
1671	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1672	w(k,j-1,i) + &
1673	w(k,j,i) ) &
1674	)**2 &
1675	) * &
1676	v(k,j,i)
1677
1678	!
1679	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1680	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1681	!
1682	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1683	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1684	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
1685	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1686	ELSE
1687	pre_tend = pre_tend
1688	ENDIF
1689	!
1690	!-- Calculate final tendency
1691	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1692	ENDDO
1693
1694
1695	!
1696	!-- w-component
1697	CASE ( 3 )
1698	!
1699	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
1700	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
1701
1702	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
1703
1704	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1705
1706	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1707	pre_w = 0.0_wp
1708	!
1709	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1710	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1711	(0.5_wp * &
1712	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
1713	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1714	u(k,j,i+1) + &
1715	u(k+1,j,i) + &
1716	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
1717	)**2 + &
1718	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1719	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1720	v(k+1,j,i) + &
1721	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
1722	)**2 + &
1723	w(k,j,i)**2 &
1724	) * &
1725	w(k,j,i)
1726	!
1727	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1728	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1729	!
1730	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1731	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1732	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
1733	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1734	ELSE
1735	pre_tend = pre_tend
1736	ENDIF
1737	!
1738	!-- Calculate final tendency
1739	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1740	ENDDO
1741
1742	!
1743	!-- potential temperature
1744	CASE ( 4 )
1745	!
1746	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
1747	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1748
1749	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1750	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1751	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
1752	ENDDO
1753
1754
1755	!
1756	!-- humidity
1757	CASE ( 5 )
1758	!
1759	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
1760	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1761
1762	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1763	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1764
1765	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
1766	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1767	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1768	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1769	)**2 + &
1770	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1771	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1772	)**2 + &
1773	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1774	w(k,j,i) ) &
1775	)**2 &
1776	) * &
1777	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
1778
1779	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
1780
1781	ENDDO
1782
1783	!
1784	!-- sgs-tke
1785	CASE ( 6 )
1786	!
1787	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
1788	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1789
1790	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1791
1792	kk = k - k_wall
1793	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1794	2.0_wp * cdc * &
1795	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1796	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1797	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1798	)**2 + &
1799	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1800	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1801	)**2 + &
1802	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
1803	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
1804	)**2 &
1805	) * &
1806	e(k,j,i)
1807	ENDDO
1808
1809	!
1810	!-- scalar concentration
1811	CASE ( 7 )
1812	!
1813	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
1814	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1815
1816	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1817
1818	kk = k - k_wall
1819	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1820	lsec * &
1821	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1822	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1823	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1824	)**2 + &
1825	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1826	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1827	)**2 + &
1828	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1829	w(k,j,i) ) &
1830	)**2 &
1831	) * &
1832	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
1833	ENDDO
1834
1835	CASE DEFAULT
1836
1837	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
1838	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1839
1840	END SELECT
1841
1842	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
1843
1844
1845
1846	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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