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plant_canopy_model_mod.f90

Last change on this file was 4843, checked in by raasch, 3 years ago
local namelist parameter added to switch off the module although the respective module namelist appears in the namelist file, further copyright updates
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 128.0 KB

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1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
6	! Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
7	! (at your option) any later version.
8	!
9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
10	! implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
11	! Public License for more details.
12	!
13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with PALM. If not, see
14	! <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
15	!
16	! Copyright 1997-2021 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
17	! Copyright 2017-2021 Institute of Computer Science of the
18	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
19	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! ------------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4843 2021-01-15 15:22:11Z banzhafs $
28	! local namelist parameter added to switch off the module although the respective module namelist
29	! appears in the namelist file
30	!
31	! 4842 2021-01-14 10:42:28Z raasch
32	! reading of namelist file and actions in case of namelist errors revised so that statement labels
33	! and goto statements are not required any more,
34	! deprecaed namelist name removed
35	!
36	! 4828 2021-01-05 11:21:41Z Giersch
37	! file re-formatted to follow the PALM coding standard
38	!
39	! 4770 2020-11-03 14:04:53Z suehring
40	! Consider basal-area density as an additional sink for momentum in the prognostic equations for
41	! momentum and SGS TKE
42	!
43	! 4768 2020-11-02 19:11:23Z suehring
44	! Enable 3D data output also with 64-bit precision
45	!
46	! 4671 2020-09-09 20:27:58Z pavelkrc
47	! Implementation of downward facing USM and LSM surfaces
48	!
49	! 4535 2020-05-15 12:07:23Z raasch
50	! bugfix for restart data format query
51	!
52	! 4525 2020-05-10 17:05:07Z raasch
53	! bugfix for reading/writing pcm_...rate_av with MPI-IO
54	!
55	! 4517 2020-05-03 14:29:30Z raasch
56	! added restart with MPI-IO for reading local arrays
57	!
58	! 4515 2020-04-30 16:37:18Z suehring
59	! Rename error number again since this was recently given in -r 4511
60	!
61	! 4514 2020-04-30 16:29:59Z suehring
62	! - Bugfix in output of pcm_heatrate_av in a restart run. In order to fix this, pch_index is now
63	! output for a restart run. Therefore, define global restart routines.
64	! - Error message number renamed and check for PA0505 revised in order to also consider natural
65	! surfaces with plant-canopy.
66	!
67	! 4495 2020-04-13 20:11:20Z raasch
68	! restart data handling with MPI-IO added
69	!
70	! 4457 2020-03-11 14:20:43Z raasch
71	!
72	! use statement for exchange horiz added
73	! (salim) removed the error message PA0672 to consider PC 3d data via ascii file
74	!
75	! 4392 2020-01-31 16:14:57Z pavelkrc (resler)
76	! Make pcm_heatrate_av, pcm_latentrate_av public to allow calculation of averaged Bowen ratio in the
77	! user procedure
78	!
79	! 4381 2020-01-20 13:51:46Z suehring
80	! Give error message 313 only once
81	!
82	! 4363 2020-01-07 18:11:28Z suehring
83	! Fix for last commit
84	!
85	! 4362 2020-01-07 17:15:02Z suehring
86	! Input of plant canopy variables from static driver moved to plant-canopy model
87	!
88	! 4361 2020-01-07 12:22:38Z suehring
89	! - Remove unused arrays in pmc_rrd_local
90	! - Remove one exchange of ghost points
91	!
92	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
93	! - Bugfix, read restart data for time-averaged pcm output quantities
94	! - Output of plant-canopy quantities will fill values
95	!
96	! 4356 2019-12-20 17:09:33Z suehring
97	! Correct single message call, local check must be given by the respective mpi rank.
98	!
99	! 4346 2019-12-18 11:55:56Z motisi
100	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static topography
101	! information used in wall_flags_static_0
102	!
103	! 4342 2019-12-16 13:49:14Z Giersch
104	! Use statements moved to module level, ocean dependency removed, redundant variables removed
105	!
106	! 4341 2019-12-16 10:43:49Z motisi
107	! - Unification of variable names: pc_-variables now pcm_-variables (pc_latent_rate,
108	! pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate)
109	! - Removal of pcm_bowenratio output
110	! - Renamed canopy-mode 'block' to 'homogeneous'
111	! - Renamed value 'read_from_file_3d' to 'read_from_file'
112	! - Removal of confusing comment lines
113	! - Replacement of k_wall by topo_top_ind
114	! - Removal of Else-Statement in tendency-calculation
115	!
116	! 4335 2019-12-12 16:39:05Z suehring
117	! Fix for LAD at building edges also implemented in vector branch.
118	!
119	! 4331 2019-12-10 18:25:02Z suehring
120	! Typo corrected
121	!
122	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
123	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
124	!
125	! 4314 2019-11-29 10:29:20Z suehring
126	! - Bugfix, plant canopy was still considered at building edges on for the u- and v-component.
127	! - Relax restriction of LAD on building tops. LAD is only omitted at locations where building grid
128	! points emerged artificially by the topography filtering.
129	!
130	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
131	! Typo
132	!
133	! 4302 2019-11-22 13:15:56Z suehring
134	! Omit tall canopy mapped on top of buildings
135	!
136	! 4279 2019-10-29 08:48:17Z scharf
137	! unused variables removed
138	!
139	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z scharf
140	! changed check for static driver and fixed bugs in initialization and header
141	!
142	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z suehring
143	! Check if any LAD is prescribed when plant-canopy model is applied.
144	!
145	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
146	! Bugfix, missing initialization of heating rate
147	!
148	! 4221 2019-09-09 08:50:35Z suehring
149	! Further bugfix in 3d data output for plant canopy
150	!
151	! 4216 2019-09-04 09:09:03Z suehring
152	! Bugfixes in 3d data output
153	!
154	! 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring
155	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
156	!
157	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
158	! Minor adjustment in error number
159	!
160	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
161	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
162	!
163	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
164	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
165	!
166	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
167	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
168	!
169	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
170	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local terrain rather than
171	! located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This way, the vertical dimension of the output
172	! can be significantly reduced.
173	! (merge from branch resler)
174	!
175	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
176	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction of additional debug
177	! messages
178	!
179	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
180	! unsed variables removed
181	!
182	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
183	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature becomes > 40 degrees
184	!
185	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
186	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
187	!
188	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
189	! unused variables removed
190	!
191	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
192	! Initial revision
193	!
194	! Description:
195	! ------------
196	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density profile
197	!> (subroutine pcm_init).
198	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration due to canopy
199	!> elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
200	!
201	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
202	! @todo - unify variable names (pcm_, pc_, ...)
203	! @todo - get rid-off dependency on radiation model
204	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
205	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
206
207	USE arrays_3d, &
208	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
209
210	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
211	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
212
213	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
214	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
215
216	USE control_parameters, &
217	ONLY: average_count_3d, &
218	coupling_char, &
219	debug_output, &
220	dt_3d, &
221	dz, &
222	humidity, &
223	land_surface, &
224	length, &
225	message_string, &
226	ocean_mode, &
227	passive_scalar, &
228	plant_canopy, &
229	restart_data_format_output, &
230	restart_string, &
231	urban_surface
232
233	USE grid_variables, &
234	ONLY: dx, dy
235
236	USE indices, &
237	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, nz, nzb, nzt, &
238	topo_top_ind, wall_flags_total_0
239
240	USE kinds
241
242	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
243	ONLY: char_fill, &
244	check_existence, &
245	close_input_file, &
246	get_attribute, &
247	get_dimension_length, &
248	get_variable, &
249	input_file_static, &
250	input_pids_static, &
251	inquire_num_variables, &
252	inquire_variable_names, &
253	num_var_pids, &
254	open_read_file, &
255	pids_id, &
256	real_3d, &
257	vars_pids
258
259	USE pegrid
260
261	USE restart_data_mpi_io_mod, &
262	ONLY: rd_mpi_io_check_array, &
263	rrd_mpi_io, &
264	wrd_mpi_io
265
266	USE surface_mod, &
267	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
268
269
270	IMPLICIT NONE
271
272	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' !< canopy coverage
273	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
274
275	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
276
277	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
278
279	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
280	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
281	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
282	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
283
284	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
285	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
286	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
287	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
288	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
289	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
290	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
291	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
292	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
293	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
294	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
295	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
296	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
297	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
298
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
301
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bad_s !< basal-area density on scalar-grid
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
311
312	TYPE(real_3d) :: basal_area_density_f !< input variable for basal area density - resolved vegetation
313	TYPE(real_3d) :: leaf_area_density_f !< input variable for leaf area density - resolved vegetation
314	TYPE(real_3d) :: root_area_density_lad_f !< input variable for root area density - resolved vegetation
315
316	SAVE
317
318	PRIVATE
319
320	!
321	!-- Public functions
322	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, &
323	pcm_check_data_output, &
324	pcm_check_parameters, &
325	pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
326	pcm_data_output_3d, &
327	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
328	pcm_header, &
329	pcm_init, &
330	pcm_parin, &
331	pcm_rrd_global, &
332	pcm_rrd_local, &
333	pcm_tendency, &
334	pcm_wrd_global, &
335	pcm_wrd_local
336
337	!
338	!-- Public variables and constants
339	PUBLIC canopy_drag_coeff, pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate, pcm_latent_rate, &
340	canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, pch_index, plant_canopy_transpiration, &
341	pcm_heatrate_av, pcm_latentrate_av
342
343	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
344	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
345	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
346
347	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
348	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
349	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
350
351	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
352	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
353	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
354
355	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
356	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
357	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
358
359	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
360	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
361	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
362
363	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
364	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
365	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
366
367	INTERFACE pcm_header
368	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
369	END INTERFACE pcm_header
370
371	INTERFACE pcm_init
372	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
373	END INTERFACE pcm_init
374
375	INTERFACE pcm_parin
376	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
377	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
378
379	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
380	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
381	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
382
383	INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
384	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_rrd_local_ftn
385	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_rrd_local_mpi
386	END INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
387
388	INTERFACE pcm_rrd_global
389	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_rrd_global_ftn
390	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_rrd_global_mpi
391	END INTERFACE pcm_rrd_global
392
393	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
394	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
395	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
396	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
397
398	INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
399	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_wrd_local
400	END INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
401
402	INTERFACE pcm_wrd_global
403	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_wrd_global
404	END INTERFACE pcm_wrd_global
405
406
407	CONTAINS
408
409
410	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
411	! Description:
412	! ------------
413	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart with
414	!> parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol. 97) and Ngao,
415	!> Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were
416	!> adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for
417	!> broader intervals of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree
418	!> Physiology 20).
419	!>
420	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction after the calculation of
421	!> radiation in plant canopy boxes.
422	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
423	!>
424	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
425	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
426
427	!
428	!-- Input parameters
429	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
430	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
431	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
432	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
433	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
434
435	!-- Variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
436	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
437	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
438	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
439	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
440	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
441	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
442	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
443
444	REAL(wp) :: d_fact
445	REAL(wp) :: e_eq
446	REAL(wp) :: e_imp
447	REAL(wp) :: evapor_rate
448	REAL(wp) :: f1
449	REAL(wp) :: f2
450	REAL(wp) :: f3
451	REAL(wp) :: f4
452	REAL(wp) :: g_b
453	REAL(wp) :: g_s
454	REAL(wp) :: rad
455	REAL(wp) :: rswc
456	REAL(wp) :: sat_press
457	REAL(wp) :: sat_press_d
458	REAL(wp) :: temp
459	REAL(wp) :: v_lad
460	REAL(wp) :: vpd
461	REAL(wp) :: wind_speed
462
463	!
464	!-- Temperature (deg C)
465	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
466	!
467	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
468	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
469	!
470	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
471	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
472	sat_press = 610.8_wp * EXP( 17.27_wp * temp / ( temp + 237.3_wp ) )
473	!
474	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
475	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / ( temp + 237.3_wp )**2
476	!
477	!-- Wind speed
478	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
479	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
480	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
481	!
482	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
483	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
484	!
485	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
486	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
487	!
488	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
489	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
490	f1 = rad * ( 1000.0_wp + 42.1_wp ) / 1000.0_wp / ( rad + 42.1_wp )
491	!
492	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
493	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
494	f2 = MAX( t2_min, ( temp - t2_min ) * MAX( 0.0_wp, t2_max - temp )**( ( t2_max - 16.9_wp ) / &
495	( 16.9_wp - t2_min ) ) &
496	/ ( ( 16.9_wp - t2_min ) * ( t2_max - 16.9_wp )**( ( t2_max - 16.9_wp ) / &
497	( 16.9_wp - t2_min ) ) ) )
498	!
499	!-- Water pressure deficit
500	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
501	vpd = MAX( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
502	!
503	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
504	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
505	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees than
506	!-- the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
507	vpd = MIN( MAX( vpd, 770.0_wp ), 3820.0_wp )
508	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
509	!
510	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
511	!-- Residual soil water content
512	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
513	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
514	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
515	!
516	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of
517	!-- Stewart(1988))
518	f4 = MAX( 0.0_wp, MIN( 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP( 3.2_wp * rswc ), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp ) )
519	!
520	!-- Stomatal conductivity
521	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
522	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
523	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
524	!
525	!-- Decoupling factor
526	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
527	d_fact = ( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
528	( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
529	!
530	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
531	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
532	e_eq = ( pcbsw + pcblw ) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
533	gama_psychr / ( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
534	!
535	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
536	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
537	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
538	!
539	!-- Evaporation rate
540	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
541	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
542	evapor_rate = MAX( d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp )
543	!
544	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
545	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
546	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
547	!
548	!-- latent heat from evaporation
549	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
550
551	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
552
553
554	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
555	! Description:
556	! ------------
557	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
558	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
559	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
560
561	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
562	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
563
564
565	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
566
567	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
568	!
569	!-- Output of heatrate can be only done if it is explicitely set by cthf, or parametrized by
570	!-- absorption of radiation. The latter, however, is only available if radiation_interactions
571	!-- are on. Note, these are enabled if land-surface or urban-surface is switched-on. Using
572	!-- radiation_interactions_on directly is not possible since it belongs to the
573	!-- radition_model, which in turn depends on the plant-canopy model, creating circular
574	!-- dependencies.
575	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. ( .NOT. urban_surface .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) ) THEN
576	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
577	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
578	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA0718', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
579	ENDIF
580	unit = 'K s-1'
581
582	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
583	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
584
585	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
586	unit = 'K s-1'
587
588	CASE ( 'pcm_bad', 'pcm_lad' )
589	unit = 'm2 m-3'
590
591
592	CASE DEFAULT
593	unit = 'illegal'
594
595	END SELECT
596
597
598	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
599
600
601	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
602	! Description:
603	! ------------
604	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
605	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
606	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
607
608	IF ( ocean_mode ) THEN
609	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. is not allowed in the ocean'
610	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0696', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
611	ENDIF
612
613	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
614	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag ' // &
615	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
616	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
617	ENDIF
618
619	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
620	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
621	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
622	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
623	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
624	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
625	ENDIF
626
627	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
628	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
629	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
630	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
631	'lai_beta = 0.0'
632	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
633	ENDIF
634
635	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
636	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
637	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
638	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
639	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
640	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
641	'density profile'
642	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
643	ENDIF
644
645	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
646	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /= seifert_beheng'
647	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
648	ENDIF
649
650	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
651
652
653	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
654	!
655	! Description:
656	! ------------
657	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
658	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
659	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
660
661	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
662	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
663
664	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
665	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
666	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
667
668
669	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
670
671	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
672
673	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
674	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
675	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
676	ENDIF
677	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
678
679
680	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
681	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
682	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
683	ENDIF
684	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
685
686
687	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
688	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
689	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
690	ENDIF
691	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
692
693	CASE DEFAULT
694	CONTINUE
695
696	END SELECT
697
698	ELSE IF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
699
700	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
701
702	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
703	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
704	DO i = nxl, nxr
705	DO j = nys, nyn
706	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
707	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
708	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + &
709	pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
710	ENDDO
711	ENDIF
712	ENDDO
713	ENDDO
714	ENDIF
715
716
717	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
718	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
719	DO i = nxl, nxr
720	DO j = nys, nyn
721	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
722	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
723	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + &
724	pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
725	ENDDO
726	ENDIF
727	ENDDO
728	ENDDO
729	ENDIF
730
731
732	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
733	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
734	DO i = nxl, nxr
735	DO j = nys, nyn
736	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
737	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
738	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + &
739	pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
740	ENDDO
741	ENDIF
742	ENDDO
743	ENDDO
744	ENDIF
745
746	CASE DEFAULT
747	CONTINUE
748
749	END SELECT
750
751	ELSE IF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
752
753	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
754
755	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
756	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
757	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
758	DO j = nysg, nyng
759	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
760	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
761	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
762	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
763	ENDDO
764	ENDIF
765	ENDDO
766	ENDDO
767	ENDIF
768
769
770	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
771	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
772	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
773	DO j = nysg, nyng
774	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
775	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
776	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
777	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
778	ENDDO
779	ENDIF
780	ENDDO
781	ENDDO
782	ENDIF
783
784
785	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
786	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
787	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
788	DO j = nysg, nyng
789	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
790	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
791	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
792	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
793	ENDDO
794	ENDIF
795	ENDDO
796	ENDDO
797	ENDIF
798
799	END SELECT
800
801	ENDIF
802
803	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
804
805	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
806	!
807	! Description:
808	! ------------
809	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
810	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning that 3D output is
811	!> relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual grid point where the plant canopy is
812	!> located.
813	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
814	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, nzb_do, nzt_do )
815
816	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< treated variable
817
818	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< flag indicating instantaneous or averaged data output
819	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x-direction
820	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y-direction
821	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z-direction
822	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
823	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
824
825	LOGICAL :: found !< flag indicating if variable is found
826
827	REAL(wp) :: fill_value !< fill value
828
829	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !< data output array
830
831
832	found = .TRUE.
833
834	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
835
836	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
837	!
838	!-- Note, to save memory arrays for heating are allocated from 0:pch_index.
839	!-- Thus, output must be relative to these array indices. Further, check whether the output is
840	!-- within the vertical output range, i.e. nzb_do:nzt_do, which is necessary as local_pf is only
841	!-- allocated for this index space. Note, plant-canopy output has a separate vertical output
842	!-- coordinate zlad, so that output is mapped down to the surface.
843	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
844	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
845	DO i = nxl, nxr
846	DO j = nys, nyn
847	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
848	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
849	ENDDO
850	ENDDO
851	ENDDO
852	ELSE
853	DO i = nxl, nxr
854	DO j = nys, nyn
855	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
856	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
857	ENDDO
858	ENDDO
859	ENDDO
860	ENDIF
861
862	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
863	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
864	DO i = nxl, nxr
865	DO j = nys, nyn
866	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
867	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
868	ENDDO
869	ENDDO
870	ENDDO
871	ELSE
872	DO i = nxl, nxr
873	DO j = nys, nyn
874	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
875	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
876	ENDDO
877	ENDDO
878	ENDDO
879	ENDIF
880
881	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
882	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
883	DO i = nxl, nxr
884	DO j = nys, nyn
885	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
886	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
887	ENDDO
888	ENDDO
889	ENDDO
890	ELSE
891	DO i = nxl, nxr
892	DO j = nys, nyn
893	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
894	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
895	ENDDO
896	ENDDO
897	ENDDO
898	ENDIF
899
900	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
901	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
902	DO i = nxl, nxr
903	DO j = nys, nyn
904	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
905	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
906	ENDDO
907	ENDDO
908	ENDDO
909	ENDIF
910
911	CASE ( 'pcm_bad' )
912	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
913	DO i = nxl, nxr
914	DO j = nys, nyn
915	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
916	local_pf(i,j,k) = bad_s(k,j,i)
917	ENDDO
918	ENDDO
919	ENDDO
920	ENDIF
921
922	CASE DEFAULT
923	found = .FALSE.
924
925	END SELECT
926
927	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
928
929	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
930	!
931	! Description:
932	! ------------
933	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
934	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
935	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
936	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
937
938	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
939	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
940	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
941	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
942
943	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
944
945
946	found = .TRUE.
947
948	!
949	!-- Check for the grid. zpc is zu(nzb:nzb+pch_index)
950	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
951
952	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_bad', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate' )
953	grid_x = 'x'
954	grid_y = 'y'
955	grid_z = 'zpc'
956
957	CASE DEFAULT
958	found = .FALSE.
959	grid_x = 'none'
960	grid_y = 'none'
961	grid_z = 'none'
962	END SELECT
963
964	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
965
966
967	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
968	! Description:
969	! ------------
970	!> Header output for plant canopy model
971	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
972	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
973
974	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
975	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
976	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
977	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
978	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
979
980	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
981	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
982	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
983
984	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
985
986
987	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
988
989	WRITE( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, canopy_drag_coeff
990	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
991	WRITE( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, leaf_surface_conc
992	ENDIF
993
994	!
995	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
996	WRITE( io, 3 ) cthf
997
998	!
999	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical gradients or from beta
1000	!-- probability density function.
1001	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
1002
1003	! Building output strings, starting with surface value
1004	WRITE( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
1005	gradients = '------'
1006	slices = ' 0'
1007	coordinates = ' 0.0'
1008	DO i = 1, UBOUND( lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind, DIM=1 )
1009	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) /= -9999 ) THEN
1010
1011	WRITE( coor_chr, '(F7.2)' ) lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
1012	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1013
1014	WRITE( coor_chr, '(F7.2)' ) lad_vertical_gradient(i)
1015	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1016
1017	WRITE( coor_chr, '(I7)' ) lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
1018	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1019
1020	WRITE( coor_chr, '(F7.1)' ) lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
1021	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1022	ELSE
1023	EXIT
1024	ENDIF
1025	ENDDO
1026
1027	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), TRIM( gradients ), &
1028	TRIM( slices )
1029
1030	ELSE
1031
1032	WRITE( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
1033	coordinates = ' 0.0'
1034
1035	DO k = 1, pch_index
1036
1037	WRITE( coor_chr,'(F7.2)' ) lad(k)
1038	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1039
1040	WRITE(coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
1041	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1042
1043	ENDDO
1044
1045	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
1046
1047	ENDIF
1048
1049	1 FORMAT (/ /' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:' / ' ------------------------------' // &
1050	' Canopy mode: ', A / ' Canopy height: ', F6.2, 'm (',I4,' grid points)' / &
1051	' Leaf drag coefficient: ', F6.2 /)
1052	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
1053	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ', F6.2 /)
1054	3 FORMAT ( ' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ', F6.2, ' K m/s')
1055	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:' // &
1056	' Height: ', A, ' m' / &
1057	' Leaf area density: ', A, ' m2/m3' / &
1058	' Gradient: ', A, ' m2/m4' / &
1059	' Gridpoint: ', A )
1060	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:' // &
1061	' Height: ', A, ' m' / &
1062	' Leaf area density: ', A, ' m2/m3' / &
1063	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
1064	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
1065	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
1066
1067	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
1068
1069
1070	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1071	! Description:
1072	! ------------
1073	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
1074	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1075	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
1076
1077	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
1078	ONLY: exchange_horiz
1079
1080	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1081	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1082	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1083	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
1084
1085	LOGICAL :: lad_on_top = .FALSE. !< dummy flag to indicate that LAD is defined on a building roof
1086	LOGICAL :: bad_on_top = .FALSE. !< dummy flag to indicate that BAD is defined on a building roof
1087
1088	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
1089	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
1090	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
1091	REAL(wp) :: lad_max !< maximum LAD value in the model domain, used to perform a check
1092
1093
1094	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
1095	!
1096	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the leaf area density (lad) profile
1097	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
1098	lad = 0.0_wp
1099	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
1100
1101	!
1102	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using a beta probability
1103	!-- density function
1104	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1105	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
1106	ENDIF
1107
1108
1109	!
1110	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant canopy model. The profile can
1111	!-- either be constructed from prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by using
1112	!-- a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al., 2003: Boundary-Layer
1113	!-- Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
1114	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
1115
1116	!
1117	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
1118	i = 1
1119	gradient = 0.0_wp
1120
1121	lad(0) = lad_surface
1122	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
1123
1124	DO k = 1, pch_index
1125	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
1126	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
1127	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1128	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
1129	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
1130	i = i + 1
1131	ENDIF
1132	ENDIF
1133	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1134	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
1135	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
1136	ELSE
1137	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
1138	ENDIF
1139	ELSE
1140	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
1141	ENDIF
1142	ENDDO
1143
1144	!
1145	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing gradient. This
1146	!-- information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL file.
1147	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1148	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
1149	ENDIF
1150
1151	ELSE
1152
1153	!
1154	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
1155	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
1156	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
1157
1158	DO k = 0, pch_index
1159	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
1160	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1161	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1162	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
1163	ENDDO
1164
1165	!
1166	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
1167	DO k = 0, pch_index
1168	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
1169	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1170	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1171	/ int_bpdf &
1172	) / canopy_height
1173	ENDDO
1174
1175	!
1176	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic quantities are
1177	!-- defined there, hence, less interpolation is required when calculating the canopy
1178	!-- tendencies)
1179	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
1180	DO k = 1, pch_index
1181	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
1182	ENDDO
1183
1184	ENDIF
1185
1186	!
1187	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf-area density (lad_s) as well as for basal-area densitiy
1188	!-- (bad_s). Note, by default bad_s is zero.
1189	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1190	ALLOCATE( bad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1191	bad_s = 0.0_wp
1192	!
1193	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
1194	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' initializes a canopy, which fully covers
1195	!-- the domain surface
1196	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
1197
1198	CASE ( 'homogeneous' )
1199
1200	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1201	DO j = nysg, nyng
1202	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
1203	ENDDO
1204	ENDDO
1205
1206	CASE ( 'read_from_file' )
1207	!
1208	!-- Read plant canopy
1209	IF ( input_pids_static ) THEN
1210	!
1211	!-- Open the static input file
1212	#if defined( __netcdf )
1213	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
1214	TRIM( coupling_char ), &
1215	pids_id )
1216
1217	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
1218	!
1219	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them
1220	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
1221	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
1222	!
1223	!-- Read leaf area density - resolved vegetation
1224	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'lad' ) ) THEN
1225	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
1226	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
1227	leaf_area_density_f%fill, &
1228	.FALSE., 'lad' )
1229	!
1230	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
1231	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
1232	leaf_area_density_f%nz, &
1233	'zlad' )
1234	!
1235	!-- Allocate variable for leaf-area density
1236	ALLOCATE( leaf_area_density_f%var &
1237	(0:leaf_area_density_f%nz-1,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
1238
1239	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'lad', leaf_area_density_f%var, nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
1240	0, leaf_area_density_f%nz-1 )
1241
1242	ELSE
1243	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
1244	ENDIF
1245	!
1246	!-- Read basal area density - resolved vegetation
1247	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'bad' ) ) THEN
1248	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
1249	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
1250	basal_area_density_f%fill, &
1251	.FALSE., 'bad' )
1252	!
1253	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
1254	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
1255	basal_area_density_f%nz, &
1256	'zlad' )
1257	!
1258	!-- Allocate variable
1259	ALLOCATE( basal_area_density_f%var &
1260	(0:basal_area_density_f%nz-1,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
1261
1262	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'bad', basal_area_density_f%var, nxl, nxr, nys, nyn,&
1263	0, basal_area_density_f%nz-1 )
1264	ELSE
1265	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
1266	ENDIF
1267	!
1268	!-- Read root area density - resolved vegetation
1269	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'root_area_dens_r' ) ) THEN
1270	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .TRUE.
1271	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
1272	root_area_density_lad_f%fill, &
1273	.FALSE., 'root_area_dens_r' )
1274	!
1275	!-- Inquire number of vertical soil layers
1276	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
1277	root_area_density_lad_f%nz, &
1278	'zsoil' )
1279	!
1280	!-- Allocate variable
1281	ALLOCATE( root_area_density_lad_f%var &
1282	(0:root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
1283
1284	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'root_area_dens_r', root_area_density_lad_f%var, &
1285	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, 0, root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1 )
1286	ELSE
1287	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .FALSE.
1288	ENDIF
1289
1290	DEALLOCATE( vars_pids )
1291	!
1292	!-- Finally, close the input file and deallocate temporary array
1293	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
1294	#endif
1295	ENDIF
1296
1297	!
1298	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file, use these values,
1299	!-- else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
1300	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum canopy top, indicated
1301	!-- by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
1302	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1303	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
1304	!
1305	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical loops. Therefore, use
1306	!-- the global top of the canopy layer.
1307	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
1308
1309	DO i = nxl, nxr
1310	DO j = nys, nyn
1311	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
1312	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
1313	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
1314	ENDDO
1315	!
1316	!-- Check if resolved vegetation is mapped onto buildings.
1317	!-- In general, this is allowed and also meaningful, e.g. when trees carry across
1318	!-- roofs. However, due to the topography filtering, new building grid points can
1319	!-- emerge at locations where also plant canopy is defined. As a result, plant
1320	!-- canopy is mapped on top of roofs, with siginficant impact on the downstream
1321	!-- flow field and the nearby surface radiation. In order to avoid that plant
1322	!-- canopy is mistakenly mapped onto building roofs, check for building grid
1323	!-- points (bit 6) that emerge from the filtering (bit 4) and set LAD to zero at
1324	!-- these artificially created building grid points. This case, an informative
1325	!-- message is given.
1326	IF ( ANY( lad_s(:,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) .AND. &
1327	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
1328	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 4 ) ) ) THEN
1329	lad_s(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1330	lad_on_top = .TRUE.
1331	ENDIF
1332	ENDDO
1333	ENDDO
1334	#if defined( __parallel )
1335	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_on_top, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr)
1336	#endif
1337	IF ( lad_on_top ) THEN
1338	WRITE( message_string, * ) &
1339	'Resolved plant-canopy is defined on top of an ' // &
1340	'artificially created building grid point(s) '// &
1341	'the filtering) - LAD/BAD profile is omitted at this / ' //&
1342	'these grid point(s).'
1343	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0313', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
1344	ENDIF
1345	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1346	!
1347	! ASCII file
1348	!-- Initialize canopy parameters canopy_drag_coeff, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff,
1349	!-- leaf_surface_conc from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles
1350	!-- for each location).
1351	ELSE
1352	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1353	ENDIF
1354	!
1355	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file, use these values,
1356	!-- else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
1357	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum canopy top, indicated
1358	!-- by basal_area_density_f%nz.
1359	bad_s = 0.0_wp
1360	IF ( basal_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
1361	!
1362	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical loops. Therefore, use
1363	!-- the global top of the canopy layer.
1364	pch_index = basal_area_density_f%nz - 1
1365
1366	DO i = nxl, nxr
1367	DO j = nys, nyn
1368	DO k = 0, basal_area_density_f%nz - 1
1369	IF ( basal_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= basal_area_density_f%fill ) &
1370	bad_s(k,j,i) = basal_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
1371	ENDDO
1372	!
1373	!-- Check if resolved vegetation is mapped onto buildings.
1374	!-- Please see comment for leaf_area density
1375	IF ( ANY( bad_s(:,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) .AND. &
1376	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
1377	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 4 ) ) ) THEN
1378	bad_s(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1379	bad_on_top = .TRUE.
1380	ENDIF
1381	ENDDO
1382	ENDDO
1383	#if defined( __parallel )
1384	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, bad_on_top, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr)
1385	#endif
1386	IF ( bad_on_top ) THEN
1387	WRITE( message_string, * ) &
1388	'Resolved plant-canopy is defined on top of an ' // &
1389	'artificially created building grid point(s) '// &
1390	'the filtering) - LAD/BAD profile is omitted at this / ' //&
1391	'these grid point(s).'
1392	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0313', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
1393	ENDIF
1394	CALL exchange_horiz( bad_s, nbgp )
1395	ENDIF
1396
1397	CASE DEFAULT
1398	!
1399	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter canopy mode contains a wrong
1400	!-- character string or if the user has coded a special case in the user interface.
1401	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks which of these two conditions
1402	!-- applies.
1403	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
1404
1405	END SELECT
1406	!
1407	!-- Check that at least one grid point has an LAD /= 0, else this may cause errors in the
1408	!-- radiation model.
1409	lad_max = MAXVAL( lad_s )
1410	#if defined( __parallel )
1411	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_max, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
1412	#endif
1413	IF ( lad_max <= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1414	message_string = 'Plant-canopy model is switched-on but no ' // &
1415	'plant canopy is present in the model domain.'
1416	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0685', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1417	ENDIF
1418
1419	!
1420	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
1421	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1422	pch_index_ji = 0
1423
1424	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1425	DO j = nysg, nyng
1426	DO k = 0, pch_index
1427	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp .OR. bad_s(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
1428	ENDDO
1429	!
1430	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed height of the model domain.
1431	IF ( topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
1432	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
1433	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
1434	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, myid, 6, 0 )
1435	ENDIF
1436
1437	ENDDO
1438	ENDDO
1439	!
1440	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
1441	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
1442	!
1443	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
1444	#if defined( __parallel )
1445	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
1446	#endif
1447	!
1448	!-- Allocation of arrays pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate and pcm_latent_rate
1449	ALLOCATE( pcm_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1450	pcm_heating_rate = 0.0_wp
1451
1452	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1453	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1454	pcm_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
1455	ALLOCATE( pcm_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1456	pcm_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
1457	ENDIF
1458	!
1459	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating of the canopy layers by
1460	!-- incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
1461	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the available net radiation at
1462	!-- canopy top.
1463	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential function of the downward
1464	!-- cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf), assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is
1465	!-- heated by solar radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution of net
1466	!-- radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3, 73â96). This approach has
1467	!-- been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992; Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
1468	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pcm_heating_rate) and plant canopy
1469	!-- transpiration (pcm_transpiration_rate, pcm_latent_rate) are calculated in the RTM after the
1470	!-- calculation of radiation.
1471	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1472
1473	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1474	!
1475	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical integration of the
1476	!-- leaf area density
1477	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1478	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1479	DO j = nysg, nyng
1480	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
1481	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
1482	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
1483	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
1484	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
1485	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
1486	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
1487	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1488	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
1489	ELSE
1490	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
1491	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
1492	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
1493	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1494	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
1495	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
1496	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
1497	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1498	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
1499	ENDIF
1500	ENDDO
1501	ENDDO
1502	ENDDO
1503
1504	!
1505	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat flux distribution overrides the
1506	!-- surface heat flux (shf),
1507	!-- Start with default surface type
1508	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
1509	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
1510	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
1511	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1512	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * EXP( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1513	ENDDO
1514	!
1515	!-- Natural surfaces
1516	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h(0)%ns
1517	i = surf_lsm_h(0)%i(m)
1518	j = surf_lsm_h(0)%j(m)
1519	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1520	surf_lsm_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * EXP( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1521	ENDDO
1522	!
1523	!-- Urban surfaces
1524	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h(0)%ns
1525	i = surf_usm_h(0)%i(m)
1526	j = surf_usm_h(0)%j(m)
1527	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1528	surf_usm_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * EXP( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1529	ENDDO
1530	!
1531	!
1532	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of the plant canopy.
1533	!-- Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with canopy.
1534	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating rate (pcm_heating_rate) is
1535	!-- calculated as the vertical divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom of
1536	!-- the respective layer.
1537	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1538	DO j = nysg, nyng
1539	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
1540	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1541	pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
1542	( EXP( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) ) - &
1543	EXP( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
1544	ENDIF
1545	ENDDO
1546	ENDDO
1547	ENDDO
1548
1549	ENDIF
1550
1551	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
1552
1553	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
1554
1555
1556	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1557	! Description:
1558	! ------------
1559	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
1560	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1561	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1562
1563	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
1564
1565	INTEGER(iwp) :: io_status !< status after reading the namelist file
1566
1567	LOGICAL :: switch_off_module = .FALSE. !< local namelist parameter to switch off the module
1568	!< although the respective module namelist appears in
1569	!< the namelist file
1570
1571	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ alpha_lad, &
1572	beta_lad, &
1573	canopy_drag_coeff, &
1574	canopy_mode, &
1575	cthf, &
1576	lad_surface, &
1577	lad_type_coef, &
1578	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1579	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1580	lai_beta, &
1581	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1582	leaf_surface_conc, &
1583	pch_index, &
1584	plant_canopy_transpiration, &
1585	switch_off_module
1586
1587	!
1588	!-- Move to the beginning of the namelist file and try to find and read the user-defined namelist
1589	!-- plant_canopy_parameters.
1590	REWIND( 11 )
1591	READ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, IOSTAT=io_status )
1592
1593	!
1594	!-- Action depending on the READ status
1595	IF ( io_status == 0 ) THEN
1596	!
1597	!-- plant_canopy_parameters namelist was found and read correctly. Set flag that indicates that
1598	!-- the plant-canopy model is switched on.
1599	IF ( .NOT. switch_off_module ) plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1600
1601	ELSEIF ( io_status > 0 ) THEN
1602	!
1603	!-- plant_canopy_parameters namelist was found but contained errors. Print an error message
1604	!-- including the line that caused the problem.
1605	BACKSPACE( 11 )
1606	READ( 11 , '(A)' ) line
1607	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
1608
1609	ENDIF
1610
1611	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1612
1613
1614	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1615	! Description:
1616	! ------------
1617	!
1618	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
1619	!>
1620	!> num_levels
1621	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1622	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1623	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1624	!> ...
1625	!>
1626	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant canopy data, one
1627	!> line per column and variable. In each data line, dtype represents variable to be set:
1628	!>
1629	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
1630	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
1631	!>
1632	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any non-specified (x,y)
1633	!> columns have zero values as default.
1634	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1635	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1636
1637	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
1638	ONLY: exchange_horiz
1639
1640	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
1641	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1642	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1643	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
1644	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
1645	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
1646	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
1647	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
1648
1649	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
1650
1651	!
1652	!-- Initialize lad_s array
1653	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1654
1655	!
1656	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
1657	OPEN( 152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', &
1658	ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515 )
1659	READ( 152, *, ERR=516, END=517 ) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
1660	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
1661	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
1662	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
1663
1664	DO
1665	READ( 152, *, ERR=516, END=517 ) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
1666	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
1667
1668	SELECT CASE ( dtype )
1669	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
1670	!
1671	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to a flat domain surface.
1672	!-- At locations where plant canopy sits on top of any kind of topography, the vertical
1673	!-- plant column must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
1674	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
1675	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
1676	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
1677	'but pctype is ', pctype
1678	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1679	ENDIF
1680	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1681	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
1682	CASE DEFAULT
1683	WRITE( message_string, '(a,i2,a)' ) &
1684	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
1685	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1686	END SELECT
1687	ENDDO
1688
1689	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1690	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1691
1692	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1693	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1694
1695	517 CLOSE( 152 )
1696	DEALLOCATE( col )
1697
1698	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1699
1700	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1701
1702	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1703	! Description:
1704	! ------------
1705	!> Read module-specific global restart data (Fortran binary format).
1706	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1707	SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_global_ftn( found )
1708
1709	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
1710
1711
1712	found = .TRUE.
1713
1714	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
1715
1716	CASE ( 'pch_index' )
1717	READ( 13 ) pch_index
1718
1719	CASE DEFAULT
1720
1721	found = .FALSE.
1722
1723	END SELECT
1724
1725	END SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_global_ftn
1726
1727	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1728	! Description:
1729	! ------------
1730	!> Read module-specific global restart data (MPI-IO).
1731	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1732	SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_global_mpi
1733
1734	CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'pch_index', pch_index )
1735
1736	END SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_global_mpi
1737
1738
1739	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1740	! Description:
1741	! ------------
1742	!> Read module-specific local restart data arrays (Fortran binary format).
1743	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1744	SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local_ftn( k, nxlf, nxlc, nxl_on_file, nxrf, nxrc, nxr_on_file, nynf, nync, &
1745	nyn_on_file, nysf, nysc, nys_on_file, found )
1746
1747	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
1748	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
1749	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
1750	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
1751	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
1752	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
1753	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
1754	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
1755	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
1756	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
1757	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
1758	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
1759	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
1760
1761	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
1762
1763	REAL(wp), DIMENSION( 0:pch_index, &
1764	nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp, &
1765	nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) :: tmp_3d2 !< temporary 3D array for entire vertical
1766	!< extension of canopy layer
1767	found = .TRUE.
1768
1769
1770	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
1771
1772	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
1773	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
1774	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1775	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
1776	ENDIF
1777	IF ( k == 1 ) READ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
1778	pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
1779	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
1780
1781	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
1782	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
1783	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1784	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
1785	ENDIF
1786	IF ( k == 1 ) READ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
1787	pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
1788	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
1789
1790	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
1791	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
1792	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1793	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
1794	ENDIF
1795	IF ( k == 1 ) READ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
1796	pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
1797	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
1798
1799	CASE DEFAULT
1800
1801	found = .FALSE.
1802
1803	END SELECT
1804
1805	END SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local_ftn
1806
1807
1808	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1809	! Description:
1810	! ------------
1811	!> Read module-specific local restart data arrays (MPI-IO).
1812	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1813	SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local_mpi
1814
1815	IMPLICIT NONE
1816
1817	LOGICAL :: array_found !<
1818
1819	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tmp_3d !< temporary array to store pcm data with
1820	!< non-standard vertical index bounds
1821
1822	!
1823	!-- Plant canopy arrays have non standard reduced vertical index bounds. They are stored with
1824	!-- full vertical bounds (bzb:nzt+1) in the restart file and must be re-stored after reading.
1825	CALL rd_mpi_io_check_array( 'pcm_heatrate_av' , found = array_found )
1826	IF ( array_found ) THEN
1827	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
1828	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(nzb:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1829	ENDIF
1830	ALLOCATE( tmp_3d(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1831	CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'pcm_heatrate_av', tmp_3d )
1832	pcm_heatrate_av = tmp_3d(nzb:pch_index,:,:)
1833	DEALLOCATE( tmp_3d )
1834	ENDIF
1835
1836	CALL rd_mpi_io_check_array( 'pcm_latentrate_av' , found = array_found )
1837	IF ( array_found ) THEN
1838	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
1839	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(nzb:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1840	ENDIF
1841	ALLOCATE( tmp_3d(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1842	CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'pcm_latentrate_av', tmp_3d )
1843	pcm_latentrate_av = tmp_3d(nzb:pch_index,:,:)
1844	DEALLOCATE( tmp_3d )
1845	ENDIF
1846
1847	CALL rd_mpi_io_check_array( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' , found = array_found )
1848	IF ( array_found ) THEN
1849	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
1850	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(nzb:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1851	ENDIF
1852	ALLOCATE( tmp_3d(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1853	CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av', tmp_3d )
1854	pcm_transpirationrate_av = tmp_3d(nzb:pch_index,:,:)
1855	DEALLOCATE( tmp_3d )
1856	ENDIF
1857
1858	END SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local_mpi
1859
1860
1861	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1862	! Description:
1863	! ------------
1864	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant canopy on momentum and
1865	!> scalar quantities.
1866	!>
1867	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0 (defined on scalar grid), as
1868	!> initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1869	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding lad_s. The upper boundary
1870	!> of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1871	!>
1872	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of a limiting canopy
1873	!> timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep in subroutine timestep), since it is
1874	!> physically impossible that the canopy drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity
1875	!> component. This limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities. It
1876	!> is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different sign than the current
1877	!> velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that the velocity can at maximum be reduced to
1878	!> zero by the canopy drag.
1879	!>
1880	!>
1881	!> Call for all grid points
1882	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1883	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
1884
1885	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1886	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1887	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1888	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1889	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1890
1891	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
1892	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
1893	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
1894	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
1895
1896	REAL(wp) :: bad_local !< local bad value
1897	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1898	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1899	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1900	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1901	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1902	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1903
1904
1905	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
1906
1907	!
1908	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
1909	SELECT CASE ( component )
1910
1911	!
1912	!-- u-component
1913	CASE ( 1 )
1914	DO i = nxlu, nxr
1915	DO j = nys, nyn
1916	!
1917	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated building edges. Note,
1918	!-- building_egde_w is set from the perspective of the potential rooftop grid point,
1919	!-- while building_edge_e is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
1920	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) &
1921	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
1922	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) ) &
1923	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
1924	!
1925	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
1926	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1927
1928	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1929	!
1930	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy, the lad on the u-grid
1931	!-- at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from
1932	!-- the surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy
1933	!-- boundaries than inside of the canopy.
1934	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy boundary on the
1935	!-- u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered in the next if-statement.
1936	!-- Note, at left-sided building edges this is not applied, here the LAD equals
1937	!-- the LAD at grid point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
1938	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) no LAD is defined. The same is also valid for
1939	!-- bad_s.
1940	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1941	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp &
1942	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1943
1944	bad_local = bad_s(kk,j,i)
1945	IF ( bad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. bad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp &
1946	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_w ) bad_local = bad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1947	!
1948	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-sided building
1949	!-- edges (here the topography-top index for the u-component at index j,i is still
1950	!-- on the building while the topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken
1951	!-- from grid point (j,i-1). The same is also valid for bad_s.
1952	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp &
1953	.AND. building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1954	IF ( bad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. bad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp &
1955	.AND. building_edge_e ) bad_local = bad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1956
1957	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1958	pre_u = 0.0_wp
1959	!
1960	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1961	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
1962	( lad_local + bad_local ) * &
1963	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
1964	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
1965	v(k,j,i) + &
1966	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1967	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
1968	)**2 + &
1969	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
1970	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1971	w(k,j,i-1) + &
1972	w(k,j,i) ) &
1973	)**2 &
1974	) * &
1975	u(k,j,i)
1976
1977	!
1978	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1979	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1980	!
1981	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1982	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1983	IF ( SIGN( pre_u,u(k,j,i) ) /= pre_u ) THEN
1984	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1985	ENDIF
1986	!
1987	!-- Calculate final tendency
1988	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1989
1990	ENDDO
1991	ENDDO
1992	ENDDO
1993
1994	!
1995	!-- v-component
1996	CASE ( 2 )
1997	DO i = nxl, nxr
1998	DO j = nysv, nyn
1999	!
2000	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated building edges.
2001	!-- Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective of the potential rooftop grid
2002	!-- point, while building_edge_n is set from the perspective of the non-building grid
2003	!-- point.
2004	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) &
2005	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
2006	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) ) &
2007	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
2008	!
2009	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
2010	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2011
2012	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2013	!
2014	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy, the lad on the v-grid
2015	!-- at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from
2016	!-- the surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy
2017	!-- boundaries than inside of the canopy.
2018	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost (j+1) canopy boundary on the
2019	!-- v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered in the next if-statement.
2020	!-- Note, at left-sided building edges this is not applied, here the LAD equals
2021	!-- the LAD at grid point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
2022	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) no LAD is defined.
2023	!-- The same is also valid for bad_s.
2024	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
2025	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp &
2026	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2027
2028	bad_local = bad_s(kk,j,i)
2029	IF ( bad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. bad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp &
2030	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_s ) bad_local = bad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2031	!
2032	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-sided building
2033	!-- edges (here the topography-top index for the u-component at index j,i is still
2034	!-- on the building while the topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken
2035	!-- from grid point (j,i-1). The same is also valid for bad_s.
2036	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp &
2037	.AND. building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2038
2039	IF ( bad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. bad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp &
2040	.AND. building_edge_n ) bad_local = bad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2041
2042	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2043	pre_v = 0.0_wp
2044	!
2045	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2046	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
2047	( lad_local + bad_local ) * &
2048	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
2049	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
2050	u(k,j,i) + &
2051	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2052	)**2 + &
2053	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
2054	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
2055	w(k-1,j,i) + &
2056	w(k,j-1,i) + &
2057	w(k,j,i) ) &
2058	)**2 &
2059	) * &
2060	v(k,j,i)
2061
2062	!
2063	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2064	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2065	!
2066	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity, and in case the
2067	!-- signs are different, limit the tendency.
2068	IF ( SIGN( pre_v,v(k,j,i) ) /= pre_v ) THEN
2069	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2070	ELSE
2071	pre_tend = pre_tend
2072	ENDIF
2073	!
2074	!-- Calculate final tendency
2075	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2076
2077	ENDDO
2078	ENDDO
2079	ENDDO
2080
2081	!
2082	!-- w-component
2083	CASE ( 3 )
2084	DO i = nxl, nxr
2085	DO j = nys, nyn
2086	!
2087	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
2088	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
2089
2090	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2091
2092	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2093	pre_w = 0.0_wp
2094	!
2095	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2096	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
2097	( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) ) + &
2098	0.5_wp * ( bad_s(kk+1,j,i) + bad_s(kk,j,i) ) ) * &
2099	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2100	u(k,j,i+1) + &
2101	u(k+1,j,i) + &
2102	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
2103	)**2 + &
2104	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2105	v(k,j+1,i) + &
2106	v(k+1,j,i) + &
2107	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
2108	)**2 + &
2109	w(k,j,i)**2 &
2110	) * &
2111	w(k,j,i)
2112	!
2113	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2114	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2115	!
2116	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity, and in case the
2117	!-- signs are different, limit the tendency
2118	IF ( SIGN( pre_w,w(k,j,i) ) /= pre_w ) THEN
2119	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2120	ELSE
2121	pre_tend = pre_tend
2122	ENDIF
2123	!
2124	!-- Calculate final tendency
2125	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2126
2127	ENDDO
2128	ENDDO
2129	ENDDO
2130
2131	!
2132	!-- potential temperature
2133	CASE ( 4 )
2134	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2135	DO i = nxl, nxr
2136	DO j = nys, nyn
2137	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
2138	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2139	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2140	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
2141	ENDDO
2142	ENDDO
2143	ENDDO
2144	ELSE
2145	DO i = nxl, nxr
2146	DO j = nys, nyn
2147	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
2148	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2149	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2150	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
2151	ENDDO
2152	ENDDO
2153	ENDDO
2154	ENDIF
2155
2156	!
2157	!-- humidity
2158	CASE ( 5 )
2159	DO i = nxl, nxr
2160	DO j = nys, nyn
2161	!
2162	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
2163	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2164
2165	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2166
2167	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
2168	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
2169	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
2170	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
2171	! in the plant canopy box
2172	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
2173	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2174	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2175	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2176	)**2 + &
2177	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2178	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2179	)**2 + &
2180	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2181	w(k,j,i) ) &
2182	)**2 &
2183	) * &
2184	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
2185	ENDIF
2186
2187	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
2188	ENDDO
2189	ENDDO
2190	ENDDO
2191
2192	!
2193	!-- sgs-tke
2194	CASE ( 6 )
2195	DO i = nxl, nxr
2196	DO j = nys, nyn
2197	!
2198	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
2199	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2200
2201	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2202	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - 2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
2203	( lad_s(kk,j,i) + bad_s(kk,j,i) ) * &
2204	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2205	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2206	)**2 + &
2207	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2208	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2209	)**2 + &
2210	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
2211	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
2212	)**2 &
2213	) * &
2214	e(k,j,i)
2215	ENDDO
2216	ENDDO
2217	ENDDO
2218	!
2219	!-- scalar concentration
2220	CASE ( 7 )
2221	DO i = nxl, nxr
2222	DO j = nys, nyn
2223	!
2224	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
2225	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2226
2227	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2228	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
2229	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2230	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2231	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2232	)**2 + &
2233	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2234	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2235	)**2 + &
2236	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2237	w(k,j,i) ) &
2238	)**2 &
2239	) * &
2240	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
2241	ENDDO
2242	ENDDO
2243	ENDDO
2244
2245
2246
2247	CASE DEFAULT
2248
2249	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
2250	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2251
2252	END SELECT
2253
2254	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
2255
2256
2257	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2258	! Description:
2259	! ------------
2260	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant canopy on momentum and
2261	!> scalar quantities.
2262	!>
2263	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0 (defined on scalar grid), as
2264	!> initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
2265	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding lad_s. The upper boundary
2266	!> of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
2267	!>
2268	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of a limiting canopy
2269	!> timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep in subroutine timestep), since it is
2270	!> physically impossible that the canopy drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity
2271	!> component. This limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities. It
2272	!> is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different sign than the current
2273	!> velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that the velocity can at maximum be reduced to
2274	!> zero by the canopy drag.
2275	!>
2276	!>
2277	!> Call for grid point i,j
2278	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2279	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
2280
2281	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
2282	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2283	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2284	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2285	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
2286
2287	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
2288	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
2289	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
2290	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
2291
2292	REAL(wp) :: bad_local !< local lad value
2293	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
2294	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
2295	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
2296	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
2297	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
2298	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
2299
2300
2301	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
2302	!
2303	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
2304	SELECT CASE ( component )
2305
2306	!
2307	!-- u-component
2308	CASE ( 1 )
2309	!
2310	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated building edges. Note,
2311	!-- building_egde_w is set from the perspective of the potential rooftop grid point, while
2312	!-- building_edge_e is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
2313	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2314	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
2315	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2316	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
2317	!
2318	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
2319	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2320
2321	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2322
2323	!
2324	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy, the lad on the u-grid at
2325	!-- index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
2326	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
2327	!-- than inside of the canopy.
2328	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy boundary on the u-grid
2329	!-- equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered in the next if-statement. Note, at
2330	!-- left-sided building edges this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at
2331	!-- grid point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped on top of a roof
2332	!-- where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
2333	!-- The same is also valid for bad_s.
2334	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
2335	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
2336	.NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
2337
2338	bad_local = bad_s(kk,j,i)
2339	IF ( bad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. bad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
2340	.NOT. building_edge_w ) bad_local = bad_s(kk,j,i-1)
2341	!
2342	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-sided building edges
2343	!-- (here the topography-top index for the u-component at index j,i is still on the
2344	!-- building while the topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
2345	!-- point (j,i-1). The same is also valid for bad_s.
2346	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
2347	building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
2348	IF ( bad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. bad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
2349	building_edge_e ) bad_local = bad_s(kk,j,i-1)
2350
2351	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2352	pre_u = 0.0_wp
2353	!
2354	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2355	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
2356	( lad_local + bad_local ) * &
2357	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
2358	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
2359	v(k,j,i) + &
2360	v(k,j+1,i) + &
2361	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
2362	)**2 + &
2363	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
2364	w(k-1,j,i) + &
2365	w(k,j,i-1) + &
2366	w(k,j,i) ) &
2367	)**2 &
2368	) * &
2369	u(k,j,i)
2370
2371	!
2372	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2373	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2374	!
2375	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity, and in case the signs are
2376	!-- different, limit the tendency.
2377	IF ( SIGN( pre_u,u(k,j,i) ) /= pre_u ) THEN
2378	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2379	ELSE
2380	pre_tend = pre_tend
2381	ENDIF
2382	!
2383	!-- Calculate final tendency
2384	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2385	ENDDO
2386
2387
2388	!
2389	!-- v-component
2390	CASE ( 2 )
2391	!
2392	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated building edges. Note,
2393	!-- building_egde_s is set from the perspective of the potential rooftop grid point, while
2394	!-- building_edge_n is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
2395	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2396	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
2397	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2398	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
2399	!
2400	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
2401	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2402
2403	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2404	!
2405	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy, the lad on the v-grid at
2406	!-- index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
2407	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
2408	!-- than inside of the canopy.
2409	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost (j+1) canopy boundary on the v-grid
2410	!-- equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered in the next if-statement. Note, at
2411	!-- left-sided building edges this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at
2412	!-- grid point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped on top of a roof
2413	!-- where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
2414	!-- The same is also valid for bad_s.
2415	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
2416	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
2417	.NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2418
2419	bad_local = bad_s(kk,j,i)
2420	IF ( bad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. bad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
2421	.NOT. building_edge_s ) bad_local = bad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2422	!
2423	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-sided building edges
2424	!-- (here the topography-top index for the u-component at index j,i is still on the
2425	!-- building while the topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
2426	!-- point (j,i-1). The same is also valid for bad_s.
2427	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
2428	building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2429	IF ( bad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. bad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
2430	building_edge_n ) bad_local = bad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2431
2432	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2433	pre_v = 0.0_wp
2434	!
2435	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2436	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
2437	( lad_local + bad_local ) * &
2438	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
2439	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
2440	u(k,j,i) + &
2441	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2442	)**2 + &
2443	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
2444	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
2445	w(k-1,j,i) + &
2446	w(k,j-1,i) + &
2447	w(k,j,i) ) &
2448	)**2 &
2449	) * &
2450	v(k,j,i)
2451
2452	!
2453	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2454	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2455	!
2456	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
2457	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
2458	IF ( SIGN( pre_v,v(k,j,i) ) /= pre_v ) THEN
2459	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2460	ELSE
2461	pre_tend = pre_tend
2462	ENDIF
2463	!
2464	!-- Calculate final tendency
2465	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2466	ENDDO
2467
2468
2469	!
2470	!-- w-component
2471	CASE ( 3 )
2472	!
2473	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
2474	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
2475
2476	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2477
2478	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2479	pre_w = 0.0_wp
2480	!
2481	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2482	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
2483	( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) ) + &
2484	0.5_wp * ( bad_s(kk+1,j,i) + bad_s(kk,j,i) ) ) * &
2485	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2486	u(k,j,i+1) + &
2487	u(k+1,j,i) + &
2488	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
2489	)**2 + &
2490	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2491	v(k,j+1,i) + &
2492	v(k+1,j,i) + &
2493	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
2494	)**2 + &
2495	w(k,j,i)**2 &
2496	) * &
2497	w(k,j,i)
2498	!
2499	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2500	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2501	!
2502	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity, and in case the signs are
2503	!-- different, limit the tendency.
2504	IF ( SIGN( pre_w,w(k,j,i) ) /= pre_w ) THEN
2505	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2506	ELSE
2507	pre_tend = pre_tend
2508	ENDIF
2509	!
2510	!-- Calculate final tendency
2511	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2512	ENDDO
2513
2514	!
2515	!-- potential temperature
2516	CASE ( 4 )
2517	!
2518	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2519	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2520	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2521	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2522	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
2523	ENDDO
2524	ELSE
2525	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2526	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2527	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
2528	ENDDO
2529	ENDIF
2530
2531	!
2532	!-- humidity
2533	CASE ( 5 )
2534	!
2535	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2536	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2537	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2538	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
2539	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
2540	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
2541	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
2542	! in the plant canopy box
2543	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
2544	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2545	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2546	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2547	)**2 + &
2548	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2549	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2550	)**2 + &
2551	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2552	w(k,j,i) ) &
2553	)**2 &
2554	) * &
2555	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
2556	ENDIF
2557
2558	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
2559
2560	ENDDO
2561
2562	!
2563	!-- sgs-tke
2564	CASE ( 6 )
2565	!
2566	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2567	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2568
2569	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2570	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - 2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
2571	( lad_s(kk,j,i) + bad_s(kk,j,i) ) * &
2572	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2573	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2574	)**2 + &
2575	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2576	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2577	)**2 + &
2578	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
2579	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
2580	)**2 &
2581	) * &
2582	e(k,j,i)
2583	ENDDO
2584	!
2585	!-- scalar concentration
2586	CASE ( 7 )
2587	!
2588	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2589	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2590
2591	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2592	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
2593	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2594	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2595	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2596	)**2 + &
2597	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2598	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2599	)**2 + &
2600	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2601	w(k,j,i) ) &
2602	)**2 &
2603	) * &
2604	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
2605	ENDDO
2606
2607	CASE DEFAULT
2608
2609	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
2610	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2611
2612	END SELECT
2613
2614	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
2615
2616	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2617	! Description:
2618	! ------------
2619	!> Subroutine writes global restart data
2620	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2621	SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_global
2622
2623	IF ( TRIM( restart_data_format_output ) == 'fortran_binary' ) THEN
2624
2625	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pch_index' )
2626	WRITE( 14 ) pch_index
2627
2628	ELSE IF ( restart_data_format_output(1:3) == 'mpi' ) THEN
2629
2630	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'pch_index', pch_index )
2631
2632	ENDIF
2633
2634	END SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_global
2635
2636	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2637	! Description:
2638	! ------------
2639	!> Subroutine writes local (subdomain) restart data
2640	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2641	SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
2642
2643	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tmp_3d !< temporary array to store pcm data with
2644	!< non-standard vertical index bounds
2645
2646
2647	IF ( TRIM( restart_data_format_output ) == 'fortran_binary' ) THEN
2648
2649	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
2650	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
2651	WRITE( 14 ) pcm_heatrate_av
2652	ENDIF
2653
2654	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
2655	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
2656	WRITE( 14 ) pcm_latentrate_av
2657	ENDIF
2658
2659	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
2660	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
2661	WRITE( 14 ) pcm_transpirationrate_av
2662	ENDIF
2663
2664	ELSE IF ( restart_data_format_output(1:3) == 'mpi' ) THEN
2665
2666	!
2667	!-- Plant canopy arrays have non standard reduced vertical index bounds. They are stored with
2668	!-- full vertical bounds (bzb:nzt+1) in the restart file and must be re-stored before writing.
2669	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
2670	ALLOCATE( tmp_3d(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2671	tmp_3d(nzb:pch_index,:,:) = pcm_heatrate_av
2672	tmp_3d(pch_index+1:nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2673	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'pcm_heatrate_av', tmp_3d )
2674	DEALLOCATE( tmp_3d )
2675	ENDIF
2676	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
2677	ALLOCATE( tmp_3d(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2678	tmp_3d(nzb:pch_index,:,:) = pcm_latentrate_av
2679	tmp_3d(pch_index+1:nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2680	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'pcm_latentrate_av', tmp_3d )
2681	DEALLOCATE( tmp_3d )
2682	ENDIF
2683	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
2684	ALLOCATE( tmp_3d(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2685	tmp_3d(nzb:pch_index,:,:) = pcm_transpirationrate_av
2686	tmp_3d(pch_index+1:nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2687	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av', tmp_3d )
2688	DEALLOCATE( tmp_3d )
2689	ENDIF
2690
2691	ENDIF
2692
2693	END SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
2694
2695
2696	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90

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