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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4464

Last change on this file since 4464 was 4457, checked in by raasch, 5 years ago
ghost point exchange modularized, bugfix for wrong 2d-exchange
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 110.1 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[4360]	17	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[4392]	18	! Copyright 2017-2020 Institute of Computer Science of the
[3885]	19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
[2000]	20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	21	!
[257]	22	! Current revisions:
[2977]	23	! ------------------
[2214]	24	!
[4226]	25	!
[2214]	26	! Former revisions:
	27	! -----------------
[4448]	28	!
[4457]	29	! use statement for exchange horiz added
	30	!
	31	!
[2214]	32	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4457 2020-03-11 14:20:43Z Giersch $
[4448]	33	! (salim) removed the error message PA0672 to consider PC 3d data via ascii file
	34	!
	35	! 4392 2020-01-31 16:14:57Z pavelkrc (resler)
	36	! Make pcm_heatrate_av, pcm_latentrate_av public to allow calculation
[4392]	37	! of averaged Bowen ratio in the user procedure
	38	!
	39	! 4381 2020-01-20 13:51:46Z suehring
[4381]	40	! Give error message 313 only once
	41	!
	42	! 4363 2020-01-07 18:11:28Z suehring
[4363]	43	! Fix for last commit
	44	!
	45	! 4362 2020-01-07 17:15:02Z suehring
[4362]	46	! Input of plant canopy variables from static driver moved to plant-canopy
	47	! model
	48	!
	49	! 4361 2020-01-07 12:22:38Z suehring
[4361]	50	! - Remove unused arrays in pmc_rrd_local
	51	! - Remove one exchange of ghost points
	52	!
	53	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
[4360]	54	! - Bugfix, read restart data for time-averaged pcm output quantities
	55	! - Output of plant-canopy quantities will fill values
	56	!
	57	! 4356 2019-12-20 17:09:33Z suehring
[4356]	58	! Correct single message call, local check must be given by the respective
	59	! mpi rank.
	60	!
	61	! 4346 2019-12-18 11:55:56Z motisi
[4346]	62	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
	63	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
	64	!
	65	! 4342 2019-12-16 13:49:14Z Giersch
[4342]	66	! Use statements moved to module level, ocean dependency removed, redundant
	67	! variables removed
	68	!
	69	! 4341 2019-12-16 10:43:49Z motisi
[4341]	70	! - Unification of variable names: pc_-variables now pcm_-variables
	71	! (pc_latent_rate, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate)
	72	! - Removal of pcm_bowenratio output
	73	! - Renamed canopy-mode 'block' to 'homogeneous'
	74	! - Renamed value 'read_from_file_3d' to 'read_from_file'
	75	! - Removal of confusing comment lines
	76	! - Replacement of k_wall by topo_top_ind
	77	! - Removal of Else-Statement in tendency-calculation
	78	!
	79	! 4335 2019-12-12 16:39:05Z suehring
[4335]	80	! Fix for LAD at building edges also implemented in vector branch.
	81	!
	82	! 4331 2019-12-10 18:25:02Z suehring
[4331]	83	! Typo corrected
	84	!
	85	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
[4329]	86	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
	87	!
	88	! 4314 2019-11-29 10:29:20Z suehring
[4314]	89	! - Bugfix, plant canopy was still considered at building edges on for the u-
	90	! and v-component.
	91	! - Relax restriction of LAD on building tops. LAD is only omitted at
	92	! locations where building grid points emerged artificially by the
	93	! topography filtering.
	94	!
	95	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
[4309]	96	! Typo
	97	!
	98	! 4302 2019-11-22 13:15:56Z suehring
[4302]	99	! Omit tall canopy mapped on top of buildings
	100	!
	101	! 4279 2019-10-29 08:48:17Z scharf
[4279]	102	! unused variables removed
	103	!
	104	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z scharf
[4278]	105	! changed check for static driver and fixed bugs in initialization and header
	106	!
	107	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z suehring
[4258]	108	! Check if any LAD is prescribed when plant-canopy model is applied.
	109	!
	110	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
[4226]	111	! Bugfix, missing initialization of heating rate
	112	!
	113	! 4221 2019-09-09 08:50:35Z suehring
[4220]	114	! Further bugfix in 3d data output for plant canopy
	115	!
	116	! 4216 2019-09-04 09:09:03Z suehring
[4216]	117	! Bugfixes in 3d data output
	118	!
	119	! 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring
[4205]	120	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
	121	!
	122	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
[4188]	123	! Minor adjustment in error number
	124	!
	125	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
[4187]	126	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
	127	!
	128	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	129	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	130	!
	131	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
[4168]	132	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
	133	!
	134	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
[4127]	135	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
	136	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
	137	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
	138	! (merge from branch resler)
	139	!
	140	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	141	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	142	! of additional debug messages
	143	!
	144	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
[3761]	145	! unsed variables removed
	146	!
	147	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
[3745]	148	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
	149	! becomes > 40 degrees
	150	!
	151	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
[3685]	152	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	153	!
	154	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3614]	155	! unused variables removed
[3498]	156	!
[4182]	157	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	158	! Initial revision
	159	!
[138]	160	! Description:
	161	! ------------
[1682]	162	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	163	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	164	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	165	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[3744]	166	!
	167	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
[4216]	168	! @todo - unify variable names (pcm_, pc_, ...)
[138]	169	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	170	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
[4360]	171
[1484]	172	USE arrays_3d, &
[3449]	173	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	174
[3449]	175	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	176	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
[4360]	177
[4342]	178	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	179	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
[3449]	180
[3885]	181	USE control_parameters, &
[4360]	182	ONLY: average_count_3d, &
	183	coupling_char, &
	184	debug_output, &
	185	dt_3d, &
	186	dz, &
	187	humidity, &
	188	length, &
	189	message_string, &
	190	ocean_mode, &
	191	passive_scalar, &
	192	plant_canopy, &
	193	restart_string, &
	194	urban_surface
	195
[4342]	196	USE grid_variables, &
	197	ONLY: dx, dy
[3449]	198
[1484]	199	USE indices, &
	200	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[4346]	201	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind, wall_flags_total_0
[1484]	202
	203	USE kinds
[4360]	204
[4342]	205	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
[4362]	206	ONLY: input_pids_static, &
	207	char_fill, &
	208	check_existence, &
	209	close_input_file, &
	210	get_attribute, &
	211	get_dimension_length, &
	212	get_variable, &
	213	inquire_num_variables, &
	214	inquire_variable_names, &
	215	input_file_static, &
	216	num_var_pids, &
	217	open_read_file, &
	218	pids_id, &
	219	real_3d, &
	220	vars_pids
[1484]	221
[3449]	222	USE pegrid
[4360]	223
[4342]	224	USE surface_mod, &
	225	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[3449]	226
[1484]	227
	228	IMPLICIT NONE
	229
[4341]	230	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' !< canopy coverage
[3449]	231	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
	232	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
	233	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
[1484]	234
[3449]	235	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	236	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	237
[3449]	238	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
[2696]	239
[3449]	240	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	241
[2696]	242	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	243	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	244	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	245	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	246	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	247	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	248	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	249	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	250	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	251	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[1484]	252
[2696]	253	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	254	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	255
[2977]	256	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	257	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	258
[1682]	259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	261
[4127]	262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
[4341]	264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
	265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
	266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
[1484]	267
[4127]	268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
	269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
	270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
	271
[4362]	272	TYPE(real_3d) :: basal_area_density_f !< input variable for basal area density - resolved vegetation
	273	TYPE(real_3d) :: leaf_area_density_f !< input variable for leaf area density - resolved vegetation
	274	TYPE(real_3d) :: root_area_density_lad_f !< input variable for root area density - resolved vegetation
	275
[1484]	276	SAVE
	277
[138]	278	PRIVATE
[4342]	279
[1826]	280	!
	281	!-- Public functions
[4360]	282	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, &
	283	pcm_check_data_output, &
	284	pcm_check_parameters, &
	285	pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
	286	pcm_data_output_3d, &
	287	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
	288	pcm_header, &
	289	pcm_init, &
	290	pcm_parin, &
	291	pcm_rrd_local, &
	292	pcm_tendency, &
	293	pcm_wrd_local
[138]	294
[1826]	295	!
	296	!-- Public variables and constants
[4342]	297	PUBLIC canopy_drag_coeff, pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate, &
	298	pcm_latent_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
[4392]	299	pch_index, plant_canopy_transpiration, &
	300	pcm_heatrate_av, pcm_latentrate_av
[1484]	301
[3449]	302	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	303	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	304	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	305
[2209]	306	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	307	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	308	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	309
[1826]	310	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	311	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	312	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	313
[4127]	314	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	315	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	316	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	317
[2209]	318	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	319	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	320	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	321
	322	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	323	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	324	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	325
	326	INTERFACE pcm_header
	327	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	328	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	329
	330	INTERFACE pcm_init
	331	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	332	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	333
[1826]	334	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	335	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	336	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	337
	338	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	339	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	340	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[4360]	341
	342	INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
	343	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_rrd_local
	344	END INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
	345
[1826]	346	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	347	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	348	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	349	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	350
[4360]	351	INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
	352	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_wrd_local
	353	END INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
[1484]	354
[4360]	355
[138]	356	CONTAINS
[4342]	357
	358
[2209]	359	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	360	! Description:
	361	! ------------
[3449]	362	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
	363	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
	364	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
	365	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
	366	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
	367	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
	368	!> Tree Physiology 20).
	369	!>
	370	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
	371	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
	372	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
	373	!>
	374	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	375	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
	376
[4342]	377	!
[3449]	378	!-- input parameters
[4205]	379	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
	380	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
	381	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
	382	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
	383	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
[3449]	384
	385	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
[4205]	386	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
	387	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
	388	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
	389	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
	390	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
	391	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	392	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	393	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	394	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
	395	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
[3449]	396
	397
	398	!-- Temperature (deg C)
	399	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
	400	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
[4205]	401	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
[3449]	402	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
	403	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
	404	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
	405	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
	406	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
	407	!-- Wind speed
[3744]	408	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
[4205]	409	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
	410	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
[3449]	411	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
	412	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
	413	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
	414	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
	415	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
	416	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
[4205]	417	f1 = rad * (1000.0_wp+42.1_wp) / 1000.0_wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
[3449]	418	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
	419	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
[3744]	420	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
[3449]	421	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
	422	!-- Water pressure deficit
	423	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
	424	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
	425	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
	426	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
	427	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
	428	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
	429	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
[4205]	430	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
[3449]	431	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
	432	!-- Residual soil water content
	433	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
	434	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
	435	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
	436	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
[4205]	437	f4 = MAX(0.0_wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
[3449]	438	!-- Stomatal conductivity
	439	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
	440	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
[4205]	441	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
[3449]	442	!-- Decoupling factor
	443	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
[4205]	444	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
	445	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
[3449]	446	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
	447	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
	448	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
	449	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
	450	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
	451	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
	452	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
	453	!-- Evaporation rate
	454	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
	455	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
	456	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
	457	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
	458	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
	459	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
	460	!-- latent heat from evaporation
	461	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
	462
	463	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	464
	465
	466	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	467	! Description:
	468	! ------------
[2209]	469	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	470	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	471	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[4279]	472
[2209]	473	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	474	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	475
	476
	477	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	478
	479	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	480	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	481	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	482	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	483	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	484	ENDIF
[2209]	485	unit = 'K s-1'
	486
[3014]	487	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	488	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	489
[3449]	490	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	491	unit = 'K s-1'
	492
[2209]	493	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	494	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	495
	496
	497	CASE DEFAULT
	498	unit = 'illegal'
	499
	500	END SELECT
	501
	502
	503	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	504
	505
[1826]	506	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	507	! Description:
	508	! ------------
	509	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	510	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	511	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[4342]	512
	513	IF ( ocean_mode ) THEN
	514	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. is not allowed in the '// &
	515	'ocean'
	516	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0696', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	517	ENDIF
	518
[1826]	519	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	520	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
[3046]	521	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	522	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	523	ENDIF
[4279]	524
[3045]	525	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
[1826]	526	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	527	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	528	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	529	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	530	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	531	ENDIF
[4279]	532
[1826]	533	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	534	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	535	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	536	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	537	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	538	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	539	ENDIF
	540
	541	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	542	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	543	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	544	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	545	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	546	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	547	'density profile'
[2768]	548	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	549	ENDIF
	550
[3274]	551	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
[1826]	552	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	553	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	554	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	555	ENDIF
	556
	557	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	558
	559
[138]	560	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	561	!
[1484]	562	! Description:
	563	! ------------
[4127]	564	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
[2209]	565	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4216]	566	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
[4127]	567
	568	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
	569	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	570
	571	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	572	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	573	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	574
	575
	576	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
	577
	578	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	579
	580	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	581	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	582	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	583	ENDIF
	584	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	585
	586
	587	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	588	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	589	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	590	ENDIF
	591	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	592
	593
	594	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	595	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	596	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	597	ENDIF
	598	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	599
	600	CASE DEFAULT
	601	CONTINUE
	602
	603	END SELECT
	604
	605	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
	606
	607	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	608
	609	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	610	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	611	DO i = nxl, nxr
	612	DO j = nys, nyn
	613	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	614	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4341]	615	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
[4127]	616	ENDDO
	617	ENDIF
	618	ENDDO
	619	ENDDO
	620	ENDIF
	621
	622
	623	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	624	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	625	DO i = nxl, nxr
	626	DO j = nys, nyn
	627	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	628	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4341]	629	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4127]	630	ENDDO
	631	ENDIF
	632	ENDDO
	633	ENDDO
	634	ENDIF
	635
	636
	637	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	638	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	639	DO i = nxl, nxr
	640	DO j = nys, nyn
	641	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	642	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4341]	643	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
[4127]	644	ENDDO
	645	ENDIF
	646	ENDDO
	647	ENDDO
	648	ENDIF
	649
	650	CASE DEFAULT
	651	CONTINUE
	652
	653	END SELECT
	654
	655	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
	656
	657	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	658
	659	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	660	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	661	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	662	DO j = nysg, nyng
	663	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	664	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	665	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
	666	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	667	ENDDO
	668	ENDIF
	669	ENDDO
	670	ENDDO
	671	ENDIF
	672
	673
	674	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	675	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	676	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	677	DO j = nysg, nyng
	678	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	679	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	680	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
	681	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	682	ENDDO
	683	ENDIF
	684	ENDDO
	685	ENDDO
	686	ENDIF
	687
	688
	689	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	690	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	691	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	692	DO j = nysg, nyng
	693	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	694	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	695	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
	696	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	697	ENDDO
	698	ENDIF
	699	ENDDO
	700	ENDDO
	701	ENDIF
	702
	703	END SELECT
	704
	705	ENDIF
	706
[4216]	707	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
[4127]	708
	709	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	710	!
	711	! Description:
	712	! ------------
	713	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
	714	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
	715	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
	716	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
	717	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	718	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	719	nzb_do, nzt_do )
[2209]	720
[4216]	721	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< treated variable
[2209]	722
[4216]	723	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< flag indicating instantaneous or averaged data output
	724	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x-direction
	725	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y-direction
	726	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z-direction
[3014]	727	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	728	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	729
[4216]	730	LOGICAL :: found !< flag indicating if variable is found
[2209]	731
[4216]	732	REAL(wp) :: fill_value !< fill value
	733	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !< data output array
[2209]	734
	735
	736	found = .TRUE.
	737
[2696]	738	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	739
	740	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
[4216]	741	!
	742	!-- Note, to save memory arrays for heating are allocated from 0:pch_index.
	743	!-- Thus, output must be relative to these array indices. Further, check
	744	!-- whether the output is within the vertical output range,
[4220]	745	!-- i.e. nzb_do:nzt_do, which is necessary as local_pf is only allocated
	746	!-- for this index space. Note, plant-canopy output has a separate
	747	!-- vertical output coordinate zlad, so that output is mapped down to the
	748	!-- surface.
[4127]	749	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	750	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	751	DO i = nxl, nxr
	752	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	753	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4341]	754	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	755	ENDDO
[4127]	756	ENDDO
	757	ENDDO
	758	ELSE
	759	DO i = nxl, nxr
	760	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	761	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	762	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	763	ENDDO
	764	ENDDO
	765	ENDDO
	766	ENDIF
[3449]	767
	768	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
[4127]	769	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	770	DO i = nxl, nxr
	771	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	772	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4341]	773	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	774	ENDDO
[4127]	775	ENDDO
	776	ENDDO
	777	ELSE
	778	DO i = nxl, nxr
	779	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	780	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	781	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	782	ENDDO
	783	ENDDO
	784	ENDDO
	785	ENDIF
[3449]	786
[4127]	787	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	788	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	789	DO i = nxl, nxr
	790	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	791	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4341]	792	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	793	ENDDO
[4127]	794	ENDDO
	795	ENDDO
	796	ELSE
	797	DO i = nxl, nxr
	798	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	799	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	800	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	801	ENDDO
	802	ENDDO
	803	ENDDO
	804	ENDIF
	805
	806	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	807	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	808	DO i = nxl, nxr
	809	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	810	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	811	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
[4216]	812	ENDDO
[4127]	813	ENDDO
	814	ENDDO
	815	ENDIF
	816
[2209]	817	CASE DEFAULT
	818	found = .FALSE.
	819
	820	END SELECT
	821
	822	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	823
	824	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	825	!
	826	! Description:
	827	! ------------
	828	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	829	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	830	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	831	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	832
	833	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	834	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	835	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	836	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	837	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	838
	839	found = .TRUE.
	840
	841	!
[4342]	842	!-- Check for the grid. zpc is zu(nzb:nzb+pch_index)
[2209]	843	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	844
[4341]	845	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate')
[2209]	846	grid_x = 'x'
	847	grid_y = 'y'
[4127]	848	grid_z = 'zpc'
[2209]	849
	850	CASE DEFAULT
	851	found = .FALSE.
	852	grid_x = 'none'
	853	grid_y = 'none'
	854	grid_z = 'none'
	855	END SELECT
	856
	857	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	858
	859
	860	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	861	! Description:
	862	! ------------
[1826]	863	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	864	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4362]	865	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
[1826]	866
[4362]	867	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
[1826]	868
[4362]	869	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	870	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	871	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	872	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
[1826]	873
[4362]	874	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	875	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	876	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	877
	878	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	879
	880	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1826]	881
[4362]	882	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	883	canopy_drag_coeff
	884	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	885	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	886	leaf_surface_conc
	887	ENDIF
[1826]	888
	889	!
[4362]	890	! Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	891	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
[1826]	892
	893	!
[4362]	894	! Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	895	! gradients or from beta probability density function.
	896	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
[1826]	897
[4362]	898	! Building output strings, starting with surface value
	899	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	900	gradients = '------'
	901	slices = ' 0'
	902	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	903	DO i = 1, UBOUND(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind, DIM=1)
	904	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) /= -9999 ) THEN
[1826]	905
[4362]	906	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	907	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	908
[4362]	909	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	910	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	911
[4362]	912	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	913	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	914
[4362]	915	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	916	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	917	ELSE
	918	EXIT
	919	ENDIF
	920	ENDDO
[1826]	921
[4362]	922	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	923	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
[1826]	924
[4362]	925	ELSE
	926
	927	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	928	coordinates = ' 0.0'
[1826]	929
[4362]	930	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1826]	931
[4362]	932	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	933	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	934	TRIM( coor_chr )
	935
	936	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	937	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	938
	939	ENDDO
	940
	941	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	942	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
[1826]	943
[4362]	944	ENDIF
[1826]	945
[4362]	946	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
[1826]	947	' ------------------------------'// &
	948	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	949	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	950	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
[4362]	951	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
[1826]	952	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
[4362]	953	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ', &
	954	F6.2, ' K m/s')
	955	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
[1826]	956	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	957	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	958	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	959	' Gridpoint: ',A)
[4362]	960	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
[1826]	961	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	962	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	963	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	964	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	965	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	966
	967	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	968
	969
	970	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	971	! Description:
	972	! ------------
[1682]	973	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	974	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	975	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	976
[4457]	977	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
	978	ONLY: exchange_horiz
	979
[2007]	980	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	981	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	982	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	983	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	984
[4381]	985	LOGICAL :: lad_on_top = .FALSE. !< dummy flag to indicate that LAD is defined on a building roof
	986
[4258]	987	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[2007]	988	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
[4258]	989	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	990	REAL(wp) :: lad_max !< maximum LAD value in the model domain, used to perform a check
[3241]	991
[3885]	992	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
[1484]	993	!
	994	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	995	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	996	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	997	lad = 0.0_wp
	998	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	999
	1000	!
[1826]	1001	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	1002	!-- a beta probability density function
	1003	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1004	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	1005	ENDIF
	1006
	1007
	1008	!
[1484]	1009	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	1010	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	1011	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	1012	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	1013	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	1014	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	1015
	1016	!
	1017	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	1018	i = 1
	1019	gradient = 0.0_wp
	1020
[4342]	1021	lad(0) = lad_surface
	1022	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
[1484]	1023
[4342]	1024	DO k = 1, pch_index
	1025	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	1026	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	1027	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1028	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	1029	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	1030	i = i + 1
[1484]	1031	ENDIF
[4342]	1032	ENDIF
	1033	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1034	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	1035	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
[1484]	1036	ELSE
[4342]	1037	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
[1484]	1038	ENDIF
[4342]	1039	ELSE
	1040	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	1041	ENDIF
	1042	ENDDO
[1484]	1043
	1044	!
	1045	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	1046	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	1047	!-- file.
	1048	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1049	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	1050	ENDIF
	1051
	1052	ELSE
	1053
	1054	!
	1055	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	1056	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
[3065]	1057	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1484]	1058
[2232]	1059	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	1060	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	1061	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1062	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1063	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1064	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	1065	ENDDO
	1066
	1067	!
	1068	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	1069	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	1070	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	1071	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1072	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1073	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	1074	) / canopy_height
[1484]	1075	ENDDO
	1076
	1077	!
	1078	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	1079	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	1080	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	1081	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	1082	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	1083	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
[4302]	1084	ENDDO
[1484]	1085
	1086	ENDIF
	1087
	1088	!
[2213]	1089	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	1090	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1091
	1092	!
	1093	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
[4341]	1094	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' initializes a canopy, which
[1484]	1095	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	1096	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	1097
[4341]	1098	CASE( 'homogeneous' )
[1484]	1099
	1100	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1101	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1102	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	1103	ENDDO
	1104	ENDDO
	1105
[4341]	1106	CASE ( 'read_from_file' )
[2007]	1107	!
[4362]	1108	!-- Read plant canopy
	1109	IF ( input_pids_static ) THEN
	1110	!
	1111	!-- Open the static input file
	1112	#if defined( __netcdf )
	1113	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	1114	TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1115	pids_id )
	1116
	1117	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
	1118	!
	1119	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them
	1120	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
	1121	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
	1122	!
	1123	!-- Read leaf area density - resolved vegetation
	1124	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'lad' ) ) THEN
	1125	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
	1126	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
	1127	leaf_area_density_f%fill, &
	1128	.FALSE., 'lad' )
	1129	!
	1130	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
	1131	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
	1132	leaf_area_density_f%nz, &
	1133	'zlad' )
	1134	!
	1135	!-- Allocate variable for leaf-area density
	1136	ALLOCATE( leaf_area_density_f%var &
	1137	(0:leaf_area_density_f%nz-1, &
	1138	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
	1139
	1140	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'lad', leaf_area_density_f%var, &
	1141	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
	1142	0, leaf_area_density_f%nz-1 )
	1143
	1144	ELSE
	1145	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
	1146	ENDIF
	1147	!
	1148	!-- Read basal area density - resolved vegetation
	1149	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'bad' ) ) THEN
	1150	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
	1151	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
	1152	basal_area_density_f%fill, &
	1153	.FALSE., 'bad' )
	1154	!
	1155	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
	1156	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
	1157	basal_area_density_f%nz, &
	1158	'zlad' )
	1159	!
	1160	!-- Allocate variable
	1161	ALLOCATE( basal_area_density_f%var &
	1162	(0:basal_area_density_f%nz-1, &
	1163	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
	1164
	1165	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'bad', basal_area_density_f%var,&
	1166	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
	1167	0, basal_area_density_f%nz-1 )
	1168	ELSE
	1169	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
	1170	ENDIF
	1171	!
	1172	!-- Read root area density - resolved vegetation
	1173	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'root_area_dens_r' ) ) THEN
	1174	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .TRUE.
	1175	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
	1176	root_area_density_lad_f%fill, &
	1177	.FALSE., 'root_area_dens_r' )
	1178	!
	1179	!-- Inquire number of vertical soil layers
	1180	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
	1181	root_area_density_lad_f%nz, &
	1182	'zsoil' )
	1183	!
	1184	!-- Allocate variable
	1185	ALLOCATE( root_area_density_lad_f%var &
	1186	(0:root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1,&
	1187	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
	1188
	1189	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'root_area_dens_r', &
	1190	root_area_density_lad_f%var, &
	1191	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
	1192	0, root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1 )
	1193	ELSE
	1194	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .FALSE.
	1195	ENDIF
	1196
	1197	DEALLOCATE( vars_pids )
	1198	!
[4363]	1199	!-- Finally, close the input file and deallocate temporary array
	1200	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
[4362]	1201	#endif
[4363]	1202	ENDIF
	1203
[4362]	1204	!
[2696]	1205	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	1206	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	1207	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	1208	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	1209	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1210	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	1211	!
	1212	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	1213	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	1214	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	1215
	1216	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1217	DO j = nys, nyn
	1218	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
[3864]	1219	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	1220	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
[2696]	1221	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	1222	ENDDO
[4302]	1223	!
	1224	!-- Check if resolved vegetation is mapped onto buildings.
[4314]	1225	!-- In general, this is allowed and also meaningful, e.g.
	1226	!-- when trees carry across roofs. However, due to the
	1227	!-- topography filtering, new building grid points can emerge
	1228	!-- at location where also plant canopy is defined. As a
	1229	!-- result, plant canopy is mapped on top of roofs, with
	1230	!-- siginficant impact on the downstream flow field and the
	1231	!-- nearby surface radiation. In order to avoid that
	1232	!-- plant canopy is mistakenly mapped onto building roofs,
	1233	!-- check for building grid points (bit 6) that emerge from
	1234	!-- the filtering (bit 4) and set LAD to zero at these
	1235	!-- artificially created building grid points. This case,
	1236	!-- an informative message is given.
[4302]	1237	IF ( ANY( lad_s(:,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) .AND. &
[4346]	1238	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	1239	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 4 ) ) ) THEN
[4302]	1240	lad_s(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
[4381]	1241	lad_on_top = .TRUE.
	1242	ENDIF
	1243	ENDDO
	1244	ENDDO
	1245	#if defined( __parallel )
	1246	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_on_top, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
	1247	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr)
	1248	#endif
	1249	IF ( lad_on_top ) THEN
	1250	WRITE( message_string, * ) &
[4314]	1251	'Resolved plant-canopy is ' // &
	1252	'defined on top of an artificially '// &
[4381]	1253	'created building grid point(s) ' // &
[4331]	1254	'(emerged from the filtering) - ' // &
[4381]	1255	'LAD profile is omitted at this / ' // &
	1256	'these grid point(s).'
	1257	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0313', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
	1258	ENDIF
[2696]	1259	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	1260	!
	1261	! ASCII file
[4342]	1262	!-- Initialize canopy parameters canopy_drag_coeff,
	1263	!-- leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, leaf_surface_conc
[2007]	1264	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	1265	!-- each location).
[2696]	1266	ELSE
	1267	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1268	ENDIF
[2007]	1269
[1484]	1270	CASE DEFAULT
	1271	!
[2007]	1272	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	1273	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	1274	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	1275	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	1276	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	1277	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	1278
	1279	END SELECT
[2696]	1280	!
[4258]	1281	!-- Check that at least one grid point has an LAD /= 0, else this may
	1282	!-- cause errors in the radiation model.
	1283	lad_max = MAXVAL( lad_s )
	1284	#if defined( __parallel )
	1285	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_max, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, &
	1286	comm2d, ierr)
	1287	#endif
	1288	IF ( lad_max <= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1289	message_string = 'Plant-canopy model is switched-on but no ' // &
	1290	'plant canopy is present in the model domain.'
	1291	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0685', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1292	ENDIF
	1293
	1294	!
[2696]	1295	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	1296	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1297	pch_index_ji = 0
[4187]	1298
[4361]	1299	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1300	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1301	DO k = 0, pch_index
	1302	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	1303	ENDDO
[1484]	1304	!
[2696]	1305	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	1306	!-- height of the model domain.
[4356]	1307	IF ( topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
[2696]	1308	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	1309	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
[4356]	1310	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, myid, 6, 0 )
[2696]	1311	ENDIF
	1312
	1313	ENDDO
	1314	ENDDO
[3497]	1315	!
[3449]	1316	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
[3497]	1317	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
	1318	!
[3449]	1319	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
	1320	#if defined( __parallel )
[3497]	1321	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1322	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
[3449]	1323	#endif
[4360]	1324	!
[4341]	1325	!-- Allocation of arrays pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate and pcm_latent_rate
	1326	ALLOCATE( pcm_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1327	pcm_heating_rate = 0.0_wp
[4221]	1328
[3449]	1329	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[4341]	1330	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1331	pcm_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
	1332	ALLOCATE( pcm_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1333	pcm_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
[3449]	1334	ENDIF
[2696]	1335	!
[2011]	1336	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	1337	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	1338	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	1339	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	1340	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	1341	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	1342	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	1343	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	1344	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	1345	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	1346	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
[4341]	1347	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pcm_heating_rate)
	1348	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pcm_transpiration_rate, pcm_latent_rate)
[3449]	1349	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
	1350	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2213]	1351
[3449]	1352	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	1353	!
[2011]	1354	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	1355	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	1356	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1357	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1358	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1359	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	1360	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	1361	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1362	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	1363	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1364	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1365	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1366	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1367	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1368	ELSE
	1369	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1370	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	1371	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	1372	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1373	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1374	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1375	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1376	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1377	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1378	ENDIF
	1379	ENDDO
	1380	ENDDO
	1381	ENDDO
	1382
[4278]	1383	!
[2232]	1384	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	1385	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	1386	!-- Start with default surface type
	1387	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
[4278]	1388	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
	1389	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
[2232]	1390	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1391	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1392	ENDDO
[1484]	1393	!
[2232]	1394	!-- Natural surfaces
	1395	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
[4278]	1396	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
	1397	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
[2232]	1398	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1399	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1400	ENDDO
	1401	!
	1402	!-- Urban surfaces
	1403	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
[4278]	1404	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
	1405	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
[2232]	1406	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1407	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1408	ENDDO
	1409	!
	1410	!
[2011]	1411	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	1412	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	1413	!-- canopy.
	1414	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
[4341]	1415	!-- rate (pcm_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
[2232]	1416	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	1417	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	1418	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1419	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1420	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1421	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[4341]	1422	pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
[3022]	1423	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
[2232]	1424	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	1425	ENDIF
	1426	ENDDO
[1721]	1427	ENDDO
	1428	ENDDO
[1484]	1429
	1430	ENDIF
	1431
[3885]	1432	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
[1484]	1433
[1826]	1434	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	1435
	1436
[2007]	1437	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1438	! Description:
	1439	! ------------
[2932]	1440	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	1441	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1442	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	1443
[2007]	1444	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1445
[2932]	1446	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	1447	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1448	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1449	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	1450	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1451	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1452	lai_beta, &
	1453	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1454	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1455	plant_canopy_transpiration
[2932]	1456
[2007]	1457	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1458	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1459	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1460	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1461	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1462	lai_beta, &
	1463	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1464	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1465	plant_canopy_transpiration
[3246]	1466
[2007]	1467	line = ' '
[3246]	1468
[2007]	1469	!
[4258]	1470	!-- Try to find plant-canopy model package
[2007]	1471	REWIND ( 11 )
	1472	line = ' '
[3248]	1473	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1474	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[2007]	1475	ENDDO
	1476	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1477
	1478	!
	1479	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1480	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
[2932]	1481
	1482	!
[4258]	1483	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2932]	1484	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
[3246]	1485
	1486	GOTO 14
	1487
	1488	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1489	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1490	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
[2932]	1491	!
	1492	!-- Try to find old namelist
[3246]	1493	12 REWIND ( 11 )
[2932]	1494	line = ' '
[3248]	1495	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1496	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
[2932]	1497	ENDDO
	1498	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1499
	1500	!
	1501	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1502	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
[2007]	1503
[2932]	1504	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
[3046]	1505	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	1506	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1507	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[3246]	1508
[2007]	1509	!
[4258]	1510	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2007]	1511	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1512
[3246]	1513	GOTO 14
[2007]	1514
[3246]	1515	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1516	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1517	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
[3246]	1518
	1519	14 CONTINUE
	1520
[2007]	1521	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1522
	1523
[1484]	1524	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1525	! Description:
	1526	! ------------
[2007]	1527	!
	1528	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1529	!>
	1530	!> num_levels
[2977]	1531	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1532	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1533	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1534	!> ...
	1535	!>
	1536	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1537	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1538	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1539	!>
	1540	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1541	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1542	!>
	1543	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1544	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1545	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1546	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1547
[4457]	1548	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
	1549	ONLY: exchange_horiz
	1550
[2213]	1551	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1552	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1553	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1554	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
[3337]	1555	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1556	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1557	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
[2213]	1558
	1559	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1560
[2213]	1561	!
	1562	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1563	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1564
	1565	!
	1566	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1567	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1568	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1569	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1570	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[3337]	1571	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
	1572	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
[2977]	1573	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1574
[2213]	1575	DO
[2977]	1576	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1577	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1578
	1579	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1580	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1581	!
[2977]	1582	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1583	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1584	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1585	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1586	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1587	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1588	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1589	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1590	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1591	ENDIF
[4168]	1592	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3337]	1593	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
[2977]	1594	CASE DEFAULT
	1595	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1596	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1597	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1598	END SELECT
[2213]	1599	ENDDO
[2007]	1600
[2213]	1601	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1602	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1603
[2213]	1604	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1605	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1606
	1607	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1608	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1609
	1610	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1611
	1612	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[4360]	1613
[2007]	1614	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1615	! Description:
	1616	! ------------
[4360]	1617	!> Subroutine reads local (subdomain) restart data
	1618	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1619	SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local( k, nxlf, nxlc, nxl_on_file, nxrf, nxrc, &
	1620	nxr_on_file, nynf, nync, nyn_on_file, nysf, &
[4361]	1621	nysc, nys_on_file, found )
[4360]	1622
	1623	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	1624	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
	1625	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
	1626	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
	1627	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
	1628	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
	1629	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
	1630	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
	1631	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
	1632	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
	1633	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
	1634	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
	1635	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
	1636
	1637	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
	1638
	1639	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:pch_index, &
	1640	nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp, &
	1641	nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) :: tmp_3d2 !< temporary 3D array for entire vertical
	1642	!< extension of canopy layer
	1643	found = .TRUE.
	1644
	1645	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
	1646
	1647	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
	1648	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	1649	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1650	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	1651	ENDIF
	1652	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
	1653	pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
	1654	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
	1655
	1656	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
	1657	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	1658	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1659	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	1660	ENDIF
	1661	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
	1662	pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
	1663	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
	1664
	1665	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
	1666	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	1667	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1668	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	1669	ENDIF
	1670	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
	1671	pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
	1672	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
	1673
	1674	CASE DEFAULT
	1675
	1676	found = .FALSE.
	1677
	1678	END SELECT
	1679
	1680	END SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local
	1681
	1682	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1683	! Description:
	1684	! ------------
[1682]	1685	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1686	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1687	!>
	1688	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1689	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1690	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1691	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1692	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1693	!>
	1694	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1695	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1696	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1697	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1698	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1699	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1700	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1701	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1702	!>
	1703	!>
	1704	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1705	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1706	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1707
[1682]	1708	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1709	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1710	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1711	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	1712	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1713
[4335]	1714	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
	1715	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
	1716	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
	1717	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
	1718
[1682]	1719	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1720	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1721	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1722	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1723	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1724	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1725
	1726
	1727	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1728
	1729	!
[1484]	1730	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1731	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1732
	1733	!
	1734	!-- u-component
	1735	CASE ( 1 )
	1736	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1737	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1738	!
[4335]	1739	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
	1740	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
	1741	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
	1742	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4346]	1743	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
	1744	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
	1745	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )&
	1746	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4335]	1747	!
[2232]	1748	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4341]	1749	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1750
[4341]	1751	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1752	!
	1753	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
[4335]	1754	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1755	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1756	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1757	!-- than inside of the canopy.
[1484]	1758	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
[4335]	1759	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	1760	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	1761	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	1762	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	1763	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	1764	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4335]	1765	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp &
	1766	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
	1767	!
	1768	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	1769	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	1770	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	1771	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	1772	!-- point (j,i-1).
	1773	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp &
	1774	.AND. building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1775
	1776	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1777	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1778	!
	1779	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	1780	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	1781	lad_local * &
	1782	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1783	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1784	v(k,j,i) + &
	1785	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1786	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1787	)**2 + &
	1788	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1789	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1790	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1791	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1792	)**2 &
	1793	) * &
	1794	u(k,j,i)
	1795
	1796	!
	1797	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1798	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1799	!
	1800	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1801	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1802	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1803	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1804	ENDIF
	1805	!
	1806	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1807	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1808
[138]	1809	ENDDO
	1810	ENDDO
	1811	ENDDO
	1812
	1813	!
	1814	!-- v-component
	1815	CASE ( 2 )
	1816	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1817	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1818	!
[4335]	1819	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
	1820	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
	1821	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
	1822	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4346]	1823	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
	1824	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
	1825	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )&
	1826	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4335]	1827	!
[2232]	1828	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4341]	1829	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1830
[4341]	1831	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1832	!
	1833	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
[4335]	1834	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1835	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1836	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1837	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1838	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1839	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	1840	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	1841	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	1842	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	1843	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	1844	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4335]	1845	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp &
	1846	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
	1847	!
	1848	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	1849	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	1850	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	1851	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	1852	!-- point (j,i-1).
	1853	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp &
	1854	.AND. building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1855
	1856	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1857	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1858	!
	1859	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	1860	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	1861	lad_local * &
	1862	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1863	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1864	u(k,j,i) + &
	1865	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1866	)**2 + &
	1867	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1868	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1869	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1870	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1871	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1872	)**2 &
	1873	) * &
	1874	v(k,j,i)
	1875
	1876	!
	1877	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1878	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1879	!
	1880	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1881	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1882	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1883	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1884	ELSE
	1885	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1886	ENDIF
	1887	!
	1888	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1889	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1890
[138]	1891	ENDDO
	1892	ENDDO
	1893	ENDDO
	1894
	1895	!
	1896	!-- w-component
	1897	CASE ( 3 )
	1898	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1899	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1900	!
	1901	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4341]	1902	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[2317]	1903
[4341]	1904	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1905
	1906	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1907	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1908	!
	1909	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	1910	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	1911	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1912	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1913	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1914	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1915	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1916	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1917	)**2 + &
	1918	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1919	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1920	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1921	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1922	)**2 + &
	1923	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1924	) * &
	1925	w(k,j,i)
	1926	!
	1927	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1928	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1929	!
	1930	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1931	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1932	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1933	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1934	ELSE
	1935	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1936	ENDIF
	1937	!
	1938	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1939	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1940
[138]	1941	ENDDO
	1942	ENDDO
	1943	ENDDO
	1944
	1945	!
[153]	1946	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1947	CASE ( 4 )
[3449]	1948	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1949	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1950	DO j = nys, nyn
	1951	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	1952	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1953	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1954	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	1955	ENDDO
[153]	1956	ENDDO
	1957	ENDDO
[3449]	1958	ELSE
	1959	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1960	DO j = nys, nyn
	1961	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	1962	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1963	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1964	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	1965	ENDDO
	1966	ENDDO
	1967	ENDDO
	1968	ENDIF
[153]	1969
	1970	!
[1960]	1971	!-- humidity
[153]	1972	CASE ( 5 )
	1973	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1974	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1975	!
	1976	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	1977	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1978
[4341]	1979	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2232]	1980
[3449]	1981	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
[4341]	1982	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
[3449]	1983	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	1984	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	1985	! in the plant canopy box
[4342]	1986	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
	1987	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1988	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1989	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1990	)**2 + &
	1991	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1992	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1993	)**2 + &
	1994	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1995	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1996	)**2 &
	1997	) * &
	1998	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[3449]	1999	ENDIF
	2000
[4341]	2001	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	2002	ENDDO
	2003	ENDDO
	2004	ENDDO
	2005
	2006	!
	2007	!-- sgs-tke
	2008	CASE ( 6 )
	2009	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2010	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	2011	!
	2012	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	2013	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2014
[4341]	2015	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	2016	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
[4342]	2017	2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1721]	2018	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	2019	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2020	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2021	)**2 + &
	2022	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2023	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2024	)**2 + &
	2025	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2026	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2027	)**2 &
	2028	) * &
	2029	e(k,j,i)
[138]	2030	ENDDO
	2031	ENDDO
	2032	ENDDO
[1960]	2033	!
	2034	!-- scalar concentration
	2035	CASE ( 7 )
	2036	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2037	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	2038	!
	2039	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	2040	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2041
[4341]	2042	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	2043	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
[4342]	2044	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
[1960]	2045	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2046	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2047	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2048	)**2 + &
	2049	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2050	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2051	)**2 + &
	2052	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2053	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2054	)**2 &
	2055	) * &
[4342]	2056	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[1960]	2057	ENDDO
	2058	ENDDO
	2059	ENDDO
[1484]	2060
	2061
[1960]	2062
[138]	2063	CASE DEFAULT
	2064
[257]	2065	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	2066	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2067
	2068	END SELECT
	2069
[1826]	2070	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	2071
	2072
	2073	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	2074	! Description:
	2075	! ------------
[1682]	2076	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	2077	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	2078	!>
	2079	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	2080	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	2081	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	2082	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	2083	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	2084	!>
	2085	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	2086	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	2087	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	2088	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	2089	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	2090	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	2091	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	2092	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	2093	!>
	2094	!>
	2095	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	2096	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	2097	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	2098
[1682]	2099	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	2100	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2101	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2102	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	2103	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	2104
[4314]	2105	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
	2106	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
	2107	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
	2108	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
	2109
[1682]	2110	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	2111	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	2112	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	2113	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	2114	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	2115	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	2116
	2117
	2118	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	2119	!
[1484]	2120	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	2121	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	2122
	2123	!
[142]	2124	!-- u-component
[1484]	2125	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	2126	!
[4314]	2127	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
	2128	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
	2129	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
	2130	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4346]	2131	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2132	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
	2133	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2134	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4314]	2135	!
[2232]	2136	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4341]	2137	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2138
[4341]	2139	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2140
	2141	!
[1484]	2142	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	2143	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	2144	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	2145	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	2146	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	2147	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
[4314]	2148	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	2149	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	2150	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	2151	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	2152	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	2153	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4314]	2154	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2155	.NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
	2156	!
	2157	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	2158	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	2159	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	2160	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	2161	!-- point (j,i-1).
	2162	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2163	building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	2164
	2165	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2166	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	2167	!
	2168	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	2169	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	2170	lad_local * &
	2171	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2172	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	2173	v(k,j,i) + &
	2174	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2175	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	2176	)**2 + &
	2177	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	2178	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2179	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	2180	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2181	)**2 &
	2182	) * &
	2183	u(k,j,i)
	2184
	2185	!
	2186	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2187	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2188	!
	2189	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2190	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2191	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	2192	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2193	ELSE
	2194	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2195	ENDIF
	2196	!
	2197	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2198	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2199	ENDDO
	2200
	2201
	2202	!
[142]	2203	!-- v-component
[1484]	2204	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	2205	!
[4314]	2206	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
	2207	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
	2208	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
	2209	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4346]	2210	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2211	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
	2212	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2213	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4314]	2214	!
[2232]	2215	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4341]	2216	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	2217
[4341]	2218	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2219	!
[1484]	2220	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	2221	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	2222	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	2223	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	2224	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	2225	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
[4314]	2226	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	2227	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	2228	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	2229	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	2230	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	2231	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4314]	2232	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2233	.NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
	2234	!
	2235	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	2236	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	2237	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	2238	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	2239	!-- point (j,i-1).
	2240	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2241	building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	2242
	2243	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2244	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	2245	!
	2246	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	2247	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	2248	lad_local * &
	2249	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	2250	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	2251	u(k,j,i) + &
	2252	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2253	)**2 + &
	2254	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2255	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	2256	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2257	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	2258	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2259	)**2 &
	2260	) * &
	2261	v(k,j,i)
	2262
	2263	!
	2264	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2265	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2266	!
	2267	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2268	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2269	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	2270	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2271	ELSE
	2272	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2273	ENDIF
	2274	!
	2275	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2276	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2277	ENDDO
	2278
	2279
	2280	!
[142]	2281	!-- w-component
[1484]	2282	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	2283	!
	2284	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4341]	2285	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[2317]	2286
[4341]	2287	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2288
[1484]	2289	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2290	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	2291	!
[1484]	2292	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	2293	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	2294	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	2295	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	2296	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2297	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	2298	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	2299	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	2300	)**2 + &
	2301	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2302	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2303	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	2304	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	2305	)**2 + &
	2306	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	2307	) * &
	2308	w(k,j,i)
	2309	!
	2310	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2311	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2312	!
	2313	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2314	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2315	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	2316	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2317	ELSE
	2318	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2319	ENDIF
	2320	!
	2321	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2322	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2323	ENDDO
	2324
	2325	!
[153]	2326	!-- potential temperature
	2327	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	2328	!
	2329	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[3449]	2330	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[4341]	2331	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2332	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2333	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
	2334	pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2335	ENDDO
	2336	ELSE
[4341]	2337	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2338	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2339	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2340	ENDDO
	2341	ENDIF
[153]	2342
	2343	!
[1960]	2344	!-- humidity
[153]	2345	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	2346	!
	2347	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4341]	2348	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2349	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3449]	2350	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
[4341]	2351	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
[3449]	2352	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	2353	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	2354	! in the plant canopy box
[4342]	2355	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
[3582]	2356	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2357	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2358	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2359	)**2 + &
	2360	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2361	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2362	)**2 + &
	2363	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2364	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2365	)**2 &
	2366	) * &
[4342]	2367	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[3449]	2368	ENDIF
[2232]	2369
[4341]	2370	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[3014]	2371
[153]	2372	ENDDO
	2373
	2374	!
[142]	2375	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	2376	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	2377	!
	2378	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4341]	2379	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2380
[4341]	2381	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[1484]	2382	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
[4342]	2383	2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1721]	2384	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	2385	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2386	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2387	)**2 + &
	2388	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2389	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2390	)**2 + &
	2391	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2392	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2393	)**2 &
	2394	) * &
	2395	e(k,j,i)
	2396	ENDDO
[1960]	2397
	2398	!
	2399	!-- scalar concentration
	2400	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	2401	!
	2402	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4341]	2403	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2404
[4341]	2405	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[1960]	2406	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
[4342]	2407	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
[1960]	2408	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2409	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2410	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2411	)**2 + &
	2412	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2413	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2414	)**2 + &
	2415	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2416	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2417	)**2 &
	2418	) * &
[4342]	2419	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[1960]	2420	ENDDO
[138]	2421
[142]	2422	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	2423
[257]	2424	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	2425	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2426
[142]	2427	END SELECT
[138]	2428
[1826]	2429	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	2430
[4360]	2431	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2432	! Description:
	2433	! ------------
	2434	!> Subroutine writes local (subdomain) restart data
	2435	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2436	SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
[2007]	2437
[4360]	2438	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	2439	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
	2440	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_heatrate_av
	2441	ENDIF
	2442
	2443	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	2444	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
	2445	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_latentrate_av
	2446	ENDIF
	2447
	2448	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	2449	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
	2450	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_transpirationrate_av
	2451	ENDIF
	2452
	2453	END SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
	2454
	2455
[138]	2456	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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