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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4182

Last change on this file since 4182 was 4182, checked in by scharf, 5 years ago
corrected "Former revisions" section minor formatting in "Former revisions" section added "Author" section
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 88.4 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3655]	17	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[3885]	18	! Copyright 2017-2019 Institute of Computer Science of the
	19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
[2000]	20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	21	!
[257]	22	! Current revisions:
[2977]	23	! ------------------
[2214]	24	!
[3885]	25	!
[2214]	26	! Former revisions:
	27	! -----------------
	28	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf $
[4182]	29	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	30	!
	31	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
[4168]	32	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
	33	!
	34	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
[4127]	35	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
	36	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
	37	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
	38	! (merge from branch resler)
	39	!
	40	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	41	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	42	! of additional debug messages
	43	!
	44	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
[3761]	45	! unsed variables removed
	46	!
	47	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
[3745]	48	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
	49	! becomes > 40 degrees
	50	!
	51	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
[3685]	52	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	53	!
	54	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3614]	55	! unused variables removed
[3498]	56	!
[4182]	57	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	58	! Initial revision
	59	!
[138]	60	! Description:
	61	! ------------
[1682]	62	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	63	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	64	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	65	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[3744]	66	!
	67	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
[138]	68	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	69	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	70
[1484]	71	USE arrays_3d, &
[3449]	72	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	73
[3449]	74	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	75	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
	76
[3885]	77	USE control_parameters, &
	78	ONLY: debug_output, humidity
[3449]	79
[1484]	80	USE indices, &
	81	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[4168]	82	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind
[1484]	83
	84	USE kinds
	85
[3449]	86	USE pegrid
	87
[1484]	88
	89	IMPLICIT NONE
	90
	91
[3449]	92	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
	93	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
	94	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
	95	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
[1484]	96
[3449]	97	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	98	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	99
[3449]	100	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
[2696]	101
[3449]	102	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	103
[2696]	104	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	105	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	106	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	107	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	108	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	109	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	110	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	111	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	112	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	113	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	114	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2768]	115	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2696]	116	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	117
[2696]	118	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	119	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	120
[2977]	121	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	122	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	123
[1682]	124	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	125	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	126
[4127]	127	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	128	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
	129	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
	130	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
	131	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
[1484]	132
[4127]	133	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
	134	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
	135	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
	136
[1484]	137	SAVE
	138
	139
[138]	140	PRIVATE
[1826]	141
	142	!
	143	!-- Public functions
[3449]	144	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, pcm_check_data_output, &
[4127]	145	pcm_check_parameters, pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
	146	pcm_data_output_3d, pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
[3449]	147	pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	148
[1826]	149	!
	150	!-- Public variables and constants
[3467]	151	PUBLIC cdc, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate, &
	152	canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, pch_index, &
	153	plant_canopy_transpiration
[1484]	154
[3449]	155	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	156	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	157	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	158
[2209]	159	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	160	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	161	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	162
[1826]	163	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	164	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	165	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	166
[4127]	167	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	168	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	169	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	170
[2209]	171	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	172	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	173	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	174
	175	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	176	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	177	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	178
	179	INTERFACE pcm_header
	180	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	181	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	182
	183	INTERFACE pcm_init
	184	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	185	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	186
[1826]	187	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	188	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	189	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	190
	191	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	192	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	193	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	194
	195	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	196	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	197	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	198	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	199
	200
[138]	201	CONTAINS
	202
[2209]	203
[3449]	204
[2209]	205	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	206	! Description:
	207	! ------------
[3449]	208	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
	209	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
	210	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
	211	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
	212	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
	213	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
	214	!> Tree Physiology 20).
	215	!>
	216	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
	217	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
	218	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
	219	!>
	220	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	221	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
	222
	223	USE control_parameters, &
	224	ONLY: dz
	225
	226	USE grid_variables, &
	227	ONLY: dx, dy
	228
	229	IMPLICIT NONE
	230	!-- input parameters
	231	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
	232	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
	233	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
	234	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
	235	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
	236
	237	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
	238	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
	239	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
	240	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
	241	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66 !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
	242	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
	243	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	244	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	245	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	246	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
	247	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
	248
	249
	250	!-- Temperature (deg C)
	251	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
	252	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
[3524]	253	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0e-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
[3449]	254	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
	255	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
	256	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
	257	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
	258	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
	259	!-- Wind speed
[3744]	260	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
	261	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
	262	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 )
[3449]	263	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
	264	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
	265	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
	266	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
	267	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
	268	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
	269	f1 = rad * (1000._wp+42.1_wp) / 1000._wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
	270	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
	271	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
[3744]	272	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
[3449]	273	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
	274	!-- Water pressure deficit
	275	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
	276	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
	277	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
	278	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
	279	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
	280	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
	281	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
	282	f3 = -2e-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
	283	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
	284	!-- Residual soil water content
	285	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
	286	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
	287	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
	288	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
	289	f4 = MAX(0._wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
	290	!-- Stomatal conductivity
	291	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
	292	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
	293	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0e-10_wp
	294	!-- Decoupling factor
	295	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
	296	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2._wp ) / &
	297	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2._wp + 2 * g_b / g_s )
	298	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
	299	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
	300	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
	301	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
	302	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
	303	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
	304	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
	305	!-- Evaporation rate
	306	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
	307	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
	308	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
	309	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
	310	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
	311	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
	312	!-- latent heat from evaporation
	313	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
	314
	315	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	316
	317
	318	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	319	! Description:
	320	! ------------
[2209]	321	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	322	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	323	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[1826]	324
[2209]	325
	326	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	327	ONLY: message_string, urban_surface
[2209]	328
	329	IMPLICIT NONE
	330
	331	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	332	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	333
	334
	335	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	336
	337	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	338	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	339	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	340	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	341	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	342	ENDIF
[2209]	343	unit = 'K s-1'
	344
[3014]	345	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	346	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	347
[3449]	348	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	349	unit = 'K s-1'
	350
	351	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
	352	unit = 'K s-1'
	353
[2209]	354	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	355	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	356
	357
	358	CASE DEFAULT
	359	unit = 'illegal'
	360
	361	END SELECT
	362
	363
	364	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	365
	366
[1826]	367	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	368	! Description:
	369	! ------------
	370	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	371	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	372	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	373
[1826]	374	USE control_parameters, &
[3274]	375	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2696]	376
[3274]	377	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	378	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
	379
[2696]	380	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	381	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
[1826]	382
	383
	384	IMPLICIT NONE
	385
	386
	387	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	388	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
[3046]	389	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	390	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	391	ENDIF
	392
[3045]	393	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
[1826]	394	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	395	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	396	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	397	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	398	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	399	ENDIF
	400
	401	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	402	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	403	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	404	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	405	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	406	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	407	ENDIF
	408
	409	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	410	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	411	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	412	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	413	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	414	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	415	'density profile'
[2768]	416	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	417	ENDIF
	418
[3274]	419	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
[1826]	420	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	421	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	422	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	423	ENDIF
[2696]	424	!
	425	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
	426	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
	427	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
	428	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
	429	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	430	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
	431	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
[2768]	432	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0999', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	433	ENDIF
[1826]	434
	435
	436	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	437
	438
[138]	439	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	440	!
[1484]	441	! Description:
	442	! ------------
[4127]	443	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
[2209]	444	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4127]	445	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
	446
	447
	448	USE control_parameters
	449
	450	USE indices
	451
	452	USE kinds
	453
	454	IMPLICIT NONE
	455
	456	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
	457	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	458
	459	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	460	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	461	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	462
	463
	464	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
	465
	466	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	467
	468	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	469	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	470	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	471	ENDIF
	472	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	473
	474
	475	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	476	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	477	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	478	ENDIF
	479	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	480
	481
	482	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	483	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	484	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	485	ENDIF
	486	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	487
	488	CASE DEFAULT
	489	CONTINUE
	490
	491	END SELECT
	492
	493	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
	494
	495	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	496
	497	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	498	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	499	DO i = nxl, nxr
	500	DO j = nys, nyn
	501	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	502	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	503	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
	504	ENDDO
	505	ENDIF
	506	ENDDO
	507	ENDDO
	508	ENDIF
	509
	510
	511	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	512	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	513	DO i = nxl, nxr
	514	DO j = nys, nyn
	515	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	516	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	517	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
	518	ENDDO
	519	ENDIF
	520	ENDDO
	521	ENDDO
	522	ENDIF
	523
	524
	525	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	526	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	527	DO i = nxl, nxr
	528	DO j = nys, nyn
	529	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	530	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	531	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
	532	ENDDO
	533	ENDIF
	534	ENDDO
	535	ENDDO
	536	ENDIF
	537
	538	CASE DEFAULT
	539	CONTINUE
	540
	541	END SELECT
	542
	543	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
	544
	545	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	546
	547	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	548	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	549	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	550	DO j = nysg, nyng
	551	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	552	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	553	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
	554	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	555	ENDDO
	556	ENDIF
	557	ENDDO
	558	ENDDO
	559	ENDIF
	560
	561
	562	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	563	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	564	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	565	DO j = nysg, nyng
	566	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	567	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	568	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
	569	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	570	ENDDO
	571	ENDIF
	572	ENDDO
	573	ENDDO
	574	ENDIF
	575
	576
	577	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	578	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	579	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	580	DO j = nysg, nyng
	581	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	582	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	583	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
	584	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	585	ENDDO
	586	ENDIF
	587	ENDDO
	588	ENDDO
	589	ENDIF
	590
	591	END SELECT
	592
	593	ENDIF
	594
	595	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	596
	597	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	598	!
	599	! Description:
	600	! ------------
	601	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
	602	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
	603	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
	604	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
	605	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	606	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	607	nzb_do, nzt_do )
	608
[2209]	609	USE indices
	610
	611	USE kinds
	612
	613
	614	IMPLICIT NONE
	615
	616	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	617
[2696]	618	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
	619	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	620	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	621	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[3014]	622	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	623	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	624
	625	LOGICAL :: found !<
	626
[2696]	627	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
[3014]	628	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !<
[2209]	629
	630
	631	found = .TRUE.
	632
[2696]	633	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	634
	635	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	636
[4127]	637	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	638	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	639	DO i = nxl, nxr
	640	DO j = nys, nyn
	641	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	642	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	643	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
	644	ENDDO
	645	ENDIF
	646	ENDDO
	647	ENDDO
	648	ELSE
	649	DO i = nxl, nxr
	650	DO j = nys, nyn
	651	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	652	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
	653	ENDDO
	654	ENDDO
	655	ENDDO
	656	ENDIF
[3449]	657
	658	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
[4127]	659	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	660	DO i = nxl, nxr
	661	DO j = nys, nyn
	662	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	663	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	664	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
	665	ENDDO
	666	ENDIF
	667	ENDDO
	668	ENDDO
	669	ELSE
	670	DO i = nxl, nxr
	671	DO j = nys, nyn
	672	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	673	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
	674	ENDDO
	675	ENDDO
	676	ENDDO
	677	ENDIF
[3449]	678
[4127]	679	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	680	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	681	DO i = nxl, nxr
	682	DO j = nys, nyn
	683	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	684	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	685	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
	686	ENDDO
	687	ENDIF
	688	ENDDO
	689	ENDDO
	690	ELSE
	691	DO i = nxl, nxr
	692	DO j = nys, nyn
	693	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	694	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
	695	ENDDO
	696	ENDDO
	697	ENDDO
	698	ENDIF
	699
[3449]	700	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
[4127]	701	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	702	DO i = nxl, nxr
	703	DO j = nys, nyn
	704	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	705	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	706	IF ( pc_latent_rate(k,j,i) /= 0._wp ) THEN
	707	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) / &
	708	pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
	709	ENDIF
	710	ENDDO
	711	ENDIF
	712	ENDDO
	713	ENDDO
	714	ENDIF
[3449]	715
[4127]	716	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	717	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	718	DO i = nxl, nxr
	719	DO j = nys, nyn
	720	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	721	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	722	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
	723	ENDDO
	724	ENDIF
	725	ENDDO
	726	ENDDO
	727	ENDIF
	728
[2209]	729	CASE DEFAULT
	730	found = .FALSE.
	731
	732	END SELECT
	733
	734
	735	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	736
	737	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	738	!
	739	! Description:
	740	! ------------
	741	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	742	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	743	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	744	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	745
	746	IMPLICIT NONE
	747
	748	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	749	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	750	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	751	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	752	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	753
	754	found = .TRUE.
	755
	756	!
	757	!-- Check for the grid
	758	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	759
[3449]	760	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate', 'pcm_bowenratio')
[2209]	761	grid_x = 'x'
	762	grid_y = 'y'
[4127]	763	grid_z = 'zpc'
[2209]	764
	765	CASE DEFAULT
	766	found = .FALSE.
	767	grid_x = 'none'
	768	grid_y = 'none'
	769	grid_z = 'none'
	770	END SELECT
	771
	772	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	773
	774
	775	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	776	! Description:
	777	! ------------
[1826]	778	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	779	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	780	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	781
	782	USE control_parameters, &
[3065]	783	ONLY: passive_scalar
[1826]	784
	785
	786	IMPLICIT NONE
	787
	788	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	789
	790	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	791	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	792	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	793	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	794
	795	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	796	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	797	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	798
	799	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	800
[3065]	801	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1826]	802
	803	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	804	canopy_drag_coeff
	805	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	806	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	807	leaf_surface_conc
	808	ENDIF
	809
	810	!
	811	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	812	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	813
	814	!
	815	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	816	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	817	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	818
	819	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	820	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	821	gradients = '------'
	822	slices = ' 0'
	823	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	824	i = 1
	825	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	826	/= -9999 )
	827
	828	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	829	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	830	TRIM( coor_chr )
	831
	832	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	833	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	834
	835	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	836	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	837
	838	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	839	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	840
	841	i = i + 1
	842	ENDDO
	843
	844	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	845	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	846
	847	ELSE
	848
	849	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	850	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	851
	852	DO k = 1, pch_index
	853
	854	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	855	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	856	TRIM( coor_chr )
	857
	858	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	859	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	860
	861	ENDDO
	862
	863	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	864	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	865
	866	ENDIF
	867
	868	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	869	' ------------------------------'// &
	870	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	871	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	872	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	873	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	874	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	875	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	876	' K m/s')
	877	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	878	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	879	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	880	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	881	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	882	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	883	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	884	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	885	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	886	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	887	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	888
	889	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	890
	891
	892	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	893	! Description:
	894	! ------------
[1682]	895	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	896	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	897	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	898
	899
	900	USE control_parameters, &
[3614]	901	ONLY: message_string, ocean_mode
[1484]	902
[2696]	903	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	904	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	905
[2232]	906	USE surface_mod, &
	907	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	908
	909	IMPLICIT NONE
	910
[2007]	911	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	912	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	913	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	914	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	915
[2007]	916	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	917	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	918	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[3241]	919
[3885]	920	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
[1484]	921	!
	922	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	923	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	924	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	925	lad = 0.0_wp
	926	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	927
	928	!
[1826]	929	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	930	!-- a beta probability density function
	931	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	932	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	933	ENDIF
	934
	935
	936	!
[1484]	937	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	938	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	939	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	940	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	941	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	942	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	943
	944	!
	945	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	946	i = 1
	947	gradient = 0.0_wp
	948
[3294]	949	IF ( .NOT. ocean_mode ) THEN
[1484]	950
	951	lad(0) = lad_surface
	952	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	953
	954	DO k = 1, pch_index
	955	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	956	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	957	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	958	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	959	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	960	i = i + 1
	961	ENDIF
	962	ENDIF
	963	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	964	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	965	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	966	ELSE
	967	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	968	ENDIF
	969	ELSE
	970	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	971	ENDIF
	972	ENDDO
	973
	974	ENDIF
	975
	976	!
	977	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	978	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	979	!-- file.
	980	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	981	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	982	ENDIF
	983
	984	ELSE
	985
	986	!
	987	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	988	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
[3065]	989	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1484]	990
[2232]	991	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	992	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	993	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	994	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	995	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	996	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	997	ENDDO
	998
	999	!
	1000	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	1001	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	1002	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	1003	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1004	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1005	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	1006	) / canopy_height
[1484]	1007	ENDDO
	1008
	1009	!
	1010	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	1011	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	1012	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	1013	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	1014	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	1015	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	1016	ENDDO
	1017
	1018	ENDIF
	1019
	1020	!
[2213]	1021	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	1022	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1023
	1024	!
	1025	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1026	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1027	!-- with the prescribed values
	1028	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	1029	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	1030	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	1031
	1032	!
	1033	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	1034	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	1035	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	1036	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	1037
	1038	CASE( 'block' )
	1039
	1040	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1041	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1042	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	1043	ENDDO
	1044	ENDDO
	1045
[2007]	1046	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	1047	!
[2696]	1048	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	1049	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	1050	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	1051	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	1052	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1053	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	1054	!
	1055	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	1056	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	1057	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	1058
	1059	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1060	DO j = nys, nyn
	1061	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
[3864]	1062	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	1063	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
[2696]	1064	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	1065	ENDDO
	1066	ENDDO
	1067	ENDDO
	1068	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	1069	!
	1070	! ASCII file
[2007]	1071	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1072	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1073	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	1074	!-- each location).
[2696]	1075	ELSE
	1076	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1077	ENDIF
[2007]	1078
[1484]	1079	CASE DEFAULT
	1080	!
[2007]	1081	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	1082	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	1083	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	1084	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	1085	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	1086	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	1087
	1088	END SELECT
[2696]	1089	!
	1090	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	1091	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1092	pch_index_ji = 0
[1484]	1093
[2696]	1094	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1095	DO j = nys, nyn
	1096	DO k = 0, pch_index
	1097	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	1098	ENDDO
[1484]	1099	!
[2696]	1100	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	1101	!-- height of the model domain.
[4168]	1102	k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2696]	1103	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	1104	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	1105	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
	1106	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0999', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1107	ENDIF
	1108
	1109	ENDDO
	1110	ENDDO
	1111
	1112	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
[3497]	1113	!
[3449]	1114	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
[3497]	1115	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
	1116	!
[3449]	1117	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
	1118	#if defined( __parallel )
[3497]	1119	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1120	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
[3449]	1121	#endif
	1122
	1123	!-- Allocation of arrays pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate and pc_latent_rate
	1124	ALLOCATE( pc_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1125	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1126	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1127	pc_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
	1128	ALLOCATE( pc_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1129	pc_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
	1130	ENDIF
	1131
[2696]	1132	!
[2011]	1133	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	1134	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	1135	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	1136	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	1137	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	1138	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	1139	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	1140	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	1141	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	1142	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	1143	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
[3449]	1144	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	1145	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate)
	1146	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
	1147	!-- We cannot use variable radiation_interactions here to determine the situation
	1148	!-- as it is assigned in init_3d_model after the call of pcm_init.
	1149	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2213]	1150
[3449]	1151	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	1152	!
[2011]	1153	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	1154	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	1155	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1156	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1157	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1158	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	1159	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	1160	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1161	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	1162	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1163	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1164	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1165	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1166	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1167	ELSE
	1168	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1169	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	1170	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	1171	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1172	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1173	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1174	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1175	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1176	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1177	ENDIF
	1178	ENDDO
	1179	ENDDO
	1180	ENDDO
	1181
[2232]	1182	!
	1183	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	1184	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	1185	!-- Start with default surface type
	1186	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
	1187	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	1188	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1189	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1190	ENDDO
[1484]	1191	!
[2232]	1192	!-- Natural surfaces
	1193	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
	1194	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	1195	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1196	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1197	ENDDO
	1198	!
	1199	!-- Urban surfaces
	1200	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
	1201	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	1202	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1203	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1204	ENDDO
	1205	!
	1206	!
[2011]	1207	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	1208	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	1209	!-- canopy.
	1210	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	1211	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	1212	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	1213	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	1214	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1215	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1216	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1217	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3022]	1218	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	1219	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
[2232]	1220	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	1221	ENDIF
	1222	ENDDO
[1721]	1223	ENDDO
	1224	ENDDO
[1484]	1225
	1226	ENDIF
	1227
[3885]	1228	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
[1484]	1229
[3685]	1230
[1826]	1231	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	1232
	1233
[2007]	1234	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1235	! Description:
	1236	! ------------
[2932]	1237	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	1238	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1239	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	1240
[2746]	1241	USE control_parameters, &
[2932]	1242	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
[2007]	1243
	1244	IMPLICIT NONE
	1245
	1246	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1247
[2932]	1248	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	1249	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1250	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1251	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	1252	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1253	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1254	lai_beta, &
	1255	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1256	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1257	plant_canopy_transpiration
[2932]	1258
[2007]	1259	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1260	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1261	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1262	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1263	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1264	lai_beta, &
	1265	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1266	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1267	plant_canopy_transpiration
[3246]	1268
[2007]	1269	line = ' '
[3246]	1270
[2007]	1271	!
	1272	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	1273	REWIND ( 11 )
	1274	line = ' '
[3248]	1275	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1276	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[2007]	1277	ENDDO
	1278	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1279
	1280	!
	1281	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1282	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
[2932]	1283
	1284	!
	1285	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1286	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
[3246]	1287
	1288	GOTO 14
	1289
	1290	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1291	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1292	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
[2932]	1293	!
	1294	!-- Try to find old namelist
[3246]	1295	12 REWIND ( 11 )
[2932]	1296	line = ' '
[3248]	1297	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1298	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
[2932]	1299	ENDDO
	1300	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1301
	1302	!
	1303	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1304	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
[2007]	1305
[2932]	1306	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
[3046]	1307	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	1308	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1309	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[3246]	1310
[2007]	1311	!
	1312	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1313	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1314
[3246]	1315	GOTO 14
[2007]	1316
[3246]	1317	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1318	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1319	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
[3246]	1320
	1321	14 CONTINUE
	1322
	1323
[2007]	1324	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1325
	1326
	1327
[1484]	1328	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1329	! Description:
	1330	! ------------
[2007]	1331	!
	1332	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1333	!>
	1334	!> num_levels
[2977]	1335	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1336	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1337	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1338	!> ...
	1339	!>
	1340	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1341	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1342	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1343	!>
	1344	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1345	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1346	!>
	1347	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1348	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1349	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1350	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1351
	1352	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	1353	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2007]	1354
[2213]	1355	USE indices, &
	1356	ONLY: nbgp
	1357
	1358	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1359
[2213]	1360	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1361	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1362	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1363	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
[3337]	1364	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1365	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1366	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
[2213]	1367
	1368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1369
[2213]	1370	!
	1371	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1372	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1373
	1374	!
	1375	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1376	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1377	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1378	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1379	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[3337]	1380	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
	1381	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
[2977]	1382	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1383
[2213]	1384	DO
[2977]	1385	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1386	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1387
	1388	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1389	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1390	!
[2977]	1391	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1392	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1393	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1394	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1395	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1396	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1397	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1398	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1399	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1400	ENDIF
[4168]	1401	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3337]	1402	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
[2977]	1403	CASE DEFAULT
	1404	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1405	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1406	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1407	END SELECT
[2213]	1408	ENDDO
[2007]	1409
[2213]	1410	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1411	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1412
[2213]	1413	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1414	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1415
	1416	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1417	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1418
	1419	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1420
	1421	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1422
	1423
	1424
	1425	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1426	! Description:
	1427	! ------------
[1682]	1428	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1429	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1430	!>
	1431	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1432	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1433	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1434	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1435	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1436	!>
	1437	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1438	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1439	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1440	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1441	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1442	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1443	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1444	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1445	!>
	1446	!>
	1447	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1448	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1449	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1450
	1451
[1320]	1452	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1453	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1454
	1455	USE kinds
	1456
[138]	1457	IMPLICIT NONE
	1458
[1682]	1459	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1460	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1461	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1462	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1463	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1464	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1465
[1682]	1466	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1467	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1468	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1469	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1470	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1471	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1472
	1473
	1474	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1475
	1476	!
[1484]	1477	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1478	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1479
	1480	!
	1481	!-- u-component
	1482	CASE ( 1 )
	1483	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1484	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1485	!
	1486	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	1487	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	1488	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1489
[2232]	1490	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1491	!
	1492	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1493	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1494	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1495	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1496	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1497	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1498	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1499	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1500	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1501	THEN
	1502	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1503	ENDIF
	1504
	1505	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1506	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1507	!
	1508	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1509	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1510	lad_local * &
	1511	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1512	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1513	v(k,j,i) + &
	1514	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1515	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1516	)**2 + &
	1517	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1518	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1519	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1520	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1521	)**2 &
	1522	) * &
	1523	u(k,j,i)
	1524
	1525	!
	1526	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1527	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1528	!
	1529	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1530	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1531	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1532	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1533	ELSE
	1534	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1535	ENDIF
	1536	!
	1537	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1538	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1539
[138]	1540	ENDDO
	1541	ENDDO
	1542	ENDDO
	1543
	1544	!
	1545	!-- v-component
	1546	CASE ( 2 )
	1547	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1548	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1549	!
	1550	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	1551	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2317]	1552
[2696]	1553	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1554
[2232]	1555	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1556	!
	1557	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1558	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1559	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1560	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1561	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1562	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1563	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1564	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1565	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1566	THEN
	1567	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1568	ENDIF
	1569
	1570	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1571	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1572	!
	1573	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1574	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1575	lad_local * &
	1576	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1577	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1578	u(k,j,i) + &
	1579	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1580	)**2 + &
	1581	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1582	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1583	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1584	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1585	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1586	)**2 &
	1587	) * &
	1588	v(k,j,i)
	1589
	1590	!
	1591	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1592	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1593	!
	1594	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1595	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1596	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1597	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1598	ELSE
	1599	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1600	ENDIF
	1601	!
	1602	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1603	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1604
[138]	1605	ENDDO
	1606	ENDDO
	1607	ENDDO
	1608
	1609	!
	1610	!-- w-component
	1611	CASE ( 3 )
	1612	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1613	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1614	!
	1615	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	1616	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	1617
[2696]	1618	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1619
[2232]	1620	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1621
[1484]	1622	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1623	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1624	!
	1625	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1626	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1627	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1628	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1629	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1630	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1631	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1632	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1633	)**2 + &
	1634	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1635	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1636	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1637	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1638	)**2 + &
	1639	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1640	) * &
	1641	w(k,j,i)
	1642	!
	1643	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1644	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1645	!
	1646	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1647	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1648	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1649	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1650	ELSE
	1651	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1652	ENDIF
	1653	!
	1654	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1655	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1656
[138]	1657	ENDDO
	1658	ENDDO
	1659	ENDDO
	1660
	1661	!
[153]	1662	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1663	CASE ( 4 )
[3449]	1664	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1665	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1666	DO j = nys, nyn
	1667	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1668	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1669	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1670	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1671	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
	1672	ENDDO
[153]	1673	ENDDO
	1674	ENDDO
[3449]	1675	ELSE
	1676	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1677	DO j = nys, nyn
	1678	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1679	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1680	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1681	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1682	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	1683	ENDDO
	1684	ENDDO
	1685	ENDDO
	1686	ENDIF
[153]	1687
	1688	!
[1960]	1689	!-- humidity
[153]	1690	CASE ( 5 )
	1691	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1692	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1693	!
	1694	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1695	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1696
[2696]	1697	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1698
	1699	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3014]	1700
[3449]	1701	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	1702	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	1703	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	1704	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	1705	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	1706	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1707	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1708	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1709	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1710	)**2 + &
	1711	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1712	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1713	)**2 + &
	1714	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1715	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1716	)**2 &
	1717	) * &
[3449]	1718	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1719	ENDIF
	1720
[3014]	1721	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1722	ENDDO
	1723	ENDDO
	1724	ENDDO
	1725
	1726	!
	1727	!-- sgs-tke
	1728	CASE ( 6 )
	1729	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1730	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1731	!
	1732	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1733	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1734
[2696]	1735	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1736
	1737	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1738	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1739	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1740	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1741	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1742	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1743	)**2 + &
	1744	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1745	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1746	)**2 + &
	1747	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1748	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1749	)**2 &
	1750	) * &
	1751	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1752	ENDDO
	1753	ENDDO
	1754	ENDDO
[1960]	1755	!
	1756	!-- scalar concentration
	1757	CASE ( 7 )
	1758	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1759	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1760	!
	1761	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1762	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1763
[2696]	1764	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1765
	1766	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1767	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1768	lsec * &
	1769	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1770	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1771	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1772	)**2 + &
	1773	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1774	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1775	)**2 + &
	1776	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1777	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1778	)**2 &
	1779	) * &
	1780	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1781	ENDDO
	1782	ENDDO
	1783	ENDDO
[1484]	1784
	1785
[1960]	1786
[138]	1787	CASE DEFAULT
	1788
[257]	1789	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1790	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1791
	1792	END SELECT
	1793
[1826]	1794	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1795
	1796
	1797	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1798	! Description:
	1799	! ------------
[1682]	1800	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1801	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1802	!>
	1803	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1804	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1805	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1806	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1807	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1808	!>
	1809	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1810	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1811	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1812	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1813	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1814	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1815	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1816	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1817	!>
	1818	!>
	1819	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1820	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1821	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1822
	1823
[1320]	1824	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1825	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1826
	1827	USE kinds
	1828
[138]	1829	IMPLICIT NONE
	1830
[1682]	1831	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1832	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1833	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1834	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1835	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1836	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1837
[1682]	1838	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1839	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1840	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1841	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1842	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1843	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1844
	1845
	1846	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1847	!
[1484]	1848	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1849	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1850
	1851	!
[142]	1852	!-- u-component
[1484]	1853	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1854	!
	1855	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	1856	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	1857	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1858
[2696]	1859	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1860
	1861	!
[1484]	1862	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1863	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1864	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1865	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1866	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1867	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1868	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1869	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1870	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1871	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1872	ENDIF
	1873
	1874	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1875	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1876	!
	1877	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1878	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1879	lad_local * &
	1880	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1881	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1882	v(k,j,i) + &
	1883	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1884	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1885	)**2 + &
	1886	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1887	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1888	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1889	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1890	)**2 &
	1891	) * &
	1892	u(k,j,i)
	1893
	1894	!
	1895	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1896	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1897	!
	1898	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1899	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1900	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1901	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1902	ELSE
	1903	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1904	ENDIF
	1905	!
	1906	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1907	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1908	ENDDO
	1909
	1910
	1911	!
[142]	1912	!-- v-component
[1484]	1913	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	1914	!
	1915	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	1916	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2317]	1917
[2696]	1918	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	1919
[2232]	1920	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1921	!
[1484]	1922	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1923	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1924	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1925	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1926	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1927	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1928	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1929	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1930	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1931	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1932	ENDIF
	1933
	1934	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1935	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1936	!
	1937	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1938	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1939	lad_local * &
	1940	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1941	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1942	u(k,j,i) + &
	1943	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1944	)**2 + &
	1945	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1946	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1947	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1948	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1949	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1950	)**2 &
	1951	) * &
	1952	v(k,j,i)
	1953
	1954	!
	1955	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1956	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1957	!
	1958	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1959	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1960	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1961	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1962	ELSE
	1963	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1964	ENDIF
	1965	!
	1966	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1967	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1968	ENDDO
	1969
	1970
	1971	!
[142]	1972	!-- w-component
[1484]	1973	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	1974	!
	1975	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	1976	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	1977
[2696]	1978	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	1979
[2232]	1980	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1981
[1484]	1982	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1983	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1984	!
[1484]	1985	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1986	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1987	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1988	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1989	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1990	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1991	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1992	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1993	)**2 + &
	1994	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1995	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1996	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1997	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1998	)**2 + &
	1999	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	2000	) * &
	2001	w(k,j,i)
	2002	!
	2003	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2004	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2005	!
	2006	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2007	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2008	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	2009	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2010	ELSE
	2011	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2012	ENDIF
	2013	!
	2014	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2015	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2016	ENDDO
	2017
	2018	!
[153]	2019	!-- potential temperature
	2020	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	2021	!
	2022	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2023	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2024
[3449]	2025	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2026	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2027	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3582]	2028	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
	2029	pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2030	ENDDO
	2031	ELSE
	2032	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2033	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2034	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	2035	ENDDO
	2036	ENDIF
[153]	2037
	2038	!
[1960]	2039	!-- humidity
[153]	2040	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	2041	!
	2042	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2043	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2044
[2696]	2045	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[3014]	2046	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3449]	2047	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	2048	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	2049	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	2050	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	2051	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	2052	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	2053	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2054	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2055	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2056	)**2 + &
	2057	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2058	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2059	)**2 + &
	2060	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2061	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2062	)**2 &
	2063	) * &
[3449]	2064	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2065	ENDIF
[2232]	2066
[3014]	2067	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
	2068
[153]	2069	ENDDO
	2070
	2071	!
[142]	2072	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	2073	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	2074	!
	2075	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2076	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2077
[2696]	2078	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2079
	2080	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	2081	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2082	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	2083	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	2084	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2085	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2086	)**2 + &
	2087	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2088	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2089	)**2 + &
	2090	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2091	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2092	)**2 &
	2093	) * &
	2094	e(k,j,i)
	2095	ENDDO
[1960]	2096
	2097	!
	2098	!-- scalar concentration
	2099	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	2100	!
	2101	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2102	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2103
[2696]	2104	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2105
	2106	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	2107	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2108	lsec * &
	2109	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2110	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2111	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2112	)**2 + &
	2113	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2114	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2115	)**2 + &
	2116	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2117	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2118	)**2 &
	2119	) * &
	2120	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2121	ENDDO
[138]	2122
[142]	2123	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	2124
[257]	2125	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	2126	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2127
[142]	2128	END SELECT
[138]	2129
[1826]	2130	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	2131
[2007]	2132
	2133
[138]	2134	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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