Home

Context Navigation

source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4187

Last change on this file since 4187 was 4187, checked in by suehring, 5 years ago
radiation: Take external radiation input from root domain dynamic file if no dynamic input file is provided for each nested domain; radiation: Combine MPI_ALLREDUCE calls to reduce latency; land_surface + plant_canopy: Give specific error numbers; land-surface: Adjust error messages for local checks; init_3d_model: Deallocate temporary string array for netcdf-data input since it may be re-used in other modules for different input files
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 88.5 KB

Line
1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	! Copyright 2017-2019 Institute of Computer Science of the
19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
21	!
22	! Current revisions:
23	! ------------------
24	!
25	!
26	! Former revisions:
27	! -----------------
28	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring $
29	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
30	!
31	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
32	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
33	!
34	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
35	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
36	!
37	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
38	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
39	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
40	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
41	! (merge from branch resler)
42	!
43	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
44	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
45	! of additional debug messages
46	!
47	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
48	! unsed variables removed
49	!
50	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
51	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
52	! becomes > 40 degrees
53	!
54	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
55	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
56	!
57	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
58	! unused variables removed
59	!
60	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
61	! Initial revision
62	!
63	! Description:
64	! ------------
65	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
66	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
67	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
68	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
69	!
70	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
71	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
72	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
73
74	USE arrays_3d, &
75	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
76
77	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
78	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
79
80	USE control_parameters, &
81	ONLY: debug_output, humidity
82
83	USE indices, &
84	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
85	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind
86
87	USE kinds
88
89	USE pegrid
90
91
92	IMPLICIT NONE
93
94
95	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
96	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
97	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
98	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
99
100	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
101	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
102
103	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
104
105	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
106
107	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
108	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
109	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
110	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
111	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
112	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
113	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
114	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
115	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
116	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
117	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
118	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
119	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
120
121	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
122	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
123
124	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
125	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
126
127	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
128	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
129
130	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
131	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
132	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
133	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
134	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
135
136	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
137	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
138	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
139
140	SAVE
141
142
143	PRIVATE
144
145	!
146	!-- Public functions
147	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, pcm_check_data_output, &
148	pcm_check_parameters, pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
149	pcm_data_output_3d, pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
150	pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
151
152	!
153	!-- Public variables and constants
154	PUBLIC cdc, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate, &
155	canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, pch_index, &
156	plant_canopy_transpiration
157
158	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
159	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
160	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
161
162	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
163	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
164	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
165
166	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
167	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
168	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
169
170	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
171	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
172	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
173
174	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
175	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
176	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
177
178	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
179	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
180	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
181
182	INTERFACE pcm_header
183	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
184	END INTERFACE pcm_header
185
186	INTERFACE pcm_init
187	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
188	END INTERFACE pcm_init
189
190	INTERFACE pcm_parin
191	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
192	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
193
194	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
195	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
196	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
197
198	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
199	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
200	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
201	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
202
203
204	CONTAINS
205
206
207
208	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
209	! Description:
210	! ------------
211	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
212	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
213	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
214	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
215	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
216	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
217	!> Tree Physiology 20).
218	!>
219	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
220	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
221	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
222	!>
223	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
224	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
225
226	USE control_parameters, &
227	ONLY: dz
228
229	USE grid_variables, &
230	ONLY: dx, dy
231
232	IMPLICIT NONE
233	!-- input parameters
234	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
235	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
236	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
237	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
238	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
239
240	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
241	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
242	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
243	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
244	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66 !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
245	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
246	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
247	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
248	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
249	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
250	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
251
252
253	!-- Temperature (deg C)
254	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
255	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
256	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0e-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
257	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
258	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
259	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
260	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
261	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
262	!-- Wind speed
263	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
264	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
265	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 )
266	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
267	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
268	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
269	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
270	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
271	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
272	f1 = rad * (1000._wp+42.1_wp) / 1000._wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
273	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
274	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
275	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
276	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
277	!-- Water pressure deficit
278	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
279	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
280	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
281	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
282	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
283	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
284	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
285	f3 = -2e-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
286	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
287	!-- Residual soil water content
288	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
289	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
290	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
291	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
292	f4 = MAX(0._wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
293	!-- Stomatal conductivity
294	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
295	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
296	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0e-10_wp
297	!-- Decoupling factor
298	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
299	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2._wp ) / &
300	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2._wp + 2 * g_b / g_s )
301	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
302	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
303	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
304	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
305	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
306	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
307	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
308	!-- Evaporation rate
309	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
310	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
311	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
312	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
313	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
314	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
315	!-- latent heat from evaporation
316	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
317
318	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
319
320
321	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
322	! Description:
323	! ------------
324	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
325	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
326	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
327
328
329	USE control_parameters, &
330	ONLY: message_string, urban_surface
331
332	IMPLICIT NONE
333
334	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
335	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
336
337
338	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
339
340	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
341	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
342	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
343	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
344	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
345	ENDIF
346	unit = 'K s-1'
347
348	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
349	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
350
351	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
352	unit = 'K s-1'
353
354	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
355	unit = 'K s-1'
356
357	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
358	unit = 'm2 m-3'
359
360
361	CASE DEFAULT
362	unit = 'illegal'
363
364	END SELECT
365
366
367	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
368
369
370	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
371	! Description:
372	! ------------
373	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
374	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
375	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
376
377	USE control_parameters, &
378	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
379
380	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
381	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
382
383	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
384	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
385
386
387	IMPLICIT NONE
388
389
390	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
391	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
392	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
393	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
394	ENDIF
395
396	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
397	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
398	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
399	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
400	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
401	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
402	ENDIF
403
404	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
405	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
406	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
407	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
408	'lai_beta = 0.0'
409	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
410	ENDIF
411
412	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
413	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
414	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
415	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
416	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
417	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
418	'density profile'
419	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
420	ENDIF
421
422	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
423	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
424	' seifert_beheng'
425	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
426	ENDIF
427	!
428	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
429	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
430	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
431	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
432	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
433	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
434	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
435	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0673', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
436	ENDIF
437
438
439	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
440
441
442	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
443	!
444	! Description:
445	! ------------
446	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
447	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
448	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
449
450
451	USE control_parameters
452
453	USE indices
454
455	USE kinds
456
457	IMPLICIT NONE
458
459	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
460	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
461
462	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
463	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
464	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
465
466
467	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
468
469	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
470
471	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
472	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
473	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
474	ENDIF
475	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
476
477
478	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
479	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
480	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
481	ENDIF
482	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
483
484
485	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
486	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
487	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
488	ENDIF
489	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
490
491	CASE DEFAULT
492	CONTINUE
493
494	END SELECT
495
496	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
497
498	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
499
500	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
501	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
502	DO i = nxl, nxr
503	DO j = nys, nyn
504	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
505	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
506	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
507	ENDDO
508	ENDIF
509	ENDDO
510	ENDDO
511	ENDIF
512
513
514	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
515	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
516	DO i = nxl, nxr
517	DO j = nys, nyn
518	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
519	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
520	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
521	ENDDO
522	ENDIF
523	ENDDO
524	ENDDO
525	ENDIF
526
527
528	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
529	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
530	DO i = nxl, nxr
531	DO j = nys, nyn
532	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
533	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
534	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
535	ENDDO
536	ENDIF
537	ENDDO
538	ENDDO
539	ENDIF
540
541	CASE DEFAULT
542	CONTINUE
543
544	END SELECT
545
546	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
547
548	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
549
550	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
551	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
552	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
553	DO j = nysg, nyng
554	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
555	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
556	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
557	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
558	ENDDO
559	ENDIF
560	ENDDO
561	ENDDO
562	ENDIF
563
564
565	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
566	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
567	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
568	DO j = nysg, nyng
569	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
570	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
571	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
572	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
573	ENDDO
574	ENDIF
575	ENDDO
576	ENDDO
577	ENDIF
578
579
580	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
581	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
582	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
583	DO j = nysg, nyng
584	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
585	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
586	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
587	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
588	ENDDO
589	ENDIF
590	ENDDO
591	ENDDO
592	ENDIF
593
594	END SELECT
595
596	ENDIF
597
598	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
599
600	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
601	!
602	! Description:
603	! ------------
604	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
605	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
606	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
607	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
608	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
609	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
610	nzb_do, nzt_do )
611
612	USE indices
613
614	USE kinds
615
616
617	IMPLICIT NONE
618
619	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
620
621	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
622	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
623	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
624	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
625	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
626	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
627
628	LOGICAL :: found !<
629
630	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
631	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !<
632
633
634	found = .TRUE.
635
636	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
637
638	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
639
640	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
641	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
642	DO i = nxl, nxr
643	DO j = nys, nyn
644	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
645	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
646	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
647	ENDDO
648	ENDIF
649	ENDDO
650	ENDDO
651	ELSE
652	DO i = nxl, nxr
653	DO j = nys, nyn
654	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
655	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
656	ENDDO
657	ENDDO
658	ENDDO
659	ENDIF
660
661	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
662	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
663	DO i = nxl, nxr
664	DO j = nys, nyn
665	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
666	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
667	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
668	ENDDO
669	ENDIF
670	ENDDO
671	ENDDO
672	ELSE
673	DO i = nxl, nxr
674	DO j = nys, nyn
675	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
676	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
677	ENDDO
678	ENDDO
679	ENDDO
680	ENDIF
681
682	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
683	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
684	DO i = nxl, nxr
685	DO j = nys, nyn
686	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
687	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
688	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
689	ENDDO
690	ENDIF
691	ENDDO
692	ENDDO
693	ELSE
694	DO i = nxl, nxr
695	DO j = nys, nyn
696	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
697	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
698	ENDDO
699	ENDDO
700	ENDDO
701	ENDIF
702
703	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
704	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
705	DO i = nxl, nxr
706	DO j = nys, nyn
707	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
708	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
709	IF ( pc_latent_rate(k,j,i) /= 0._wp ) THEN
710	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) / &
711	pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
712	ENDIF
713	ENDDO
714	ENDIF
715	ENDDO
716	ENDDO
717	ENDIF
718
719	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
720	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
721	DO i = nxl, nxr
722	DO j = nys, nyn
723	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
724	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
725	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
726	ENDDO
727	ENDIF
728	ENDDO
729	ENDDO
730	ENDIF
731
732	CASE DEFAULT
733	found = .FALSE.
734
735	END SELECT
736
737
738	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
739
740	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
741	!
742	! Description:
743	! ------------
744	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
745	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
746	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
747	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
748
749	IMPLICIT NONE
750
751	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
752	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
753	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
754	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
755	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
756
757	found = .TRUE.
758
759	!
760	!-- Check for the grid
761	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
762
763	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate', 'pcm_bowenratio')
764	grid_x = 'x'
765	grid_y = 'y'
766	grid_z = 'zpc'
767
768	CASE DEFAULT
769	found = .FALSE.
770	grid_x = 'none'
771	grid_y = 'none'
772	grid_z = 'none'
773	END SELECT
774
775	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
776
777
778	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
779	! Description:
780	! ------------
781	!> Header output for plant canopy model
782	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
783	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
784
785	USE control_parameters, &
786	ONLY: passive_scalar
787
788
789	IMPLICIT NONE
790
791	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
792
793	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
794	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
795	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
796	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
797
798	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
799	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
800	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
801
802	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
803
804	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
805
806	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
807	canopy_drag_coeff
808	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
809	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
810	leaf_surface_conc
811	ENDIF
812
813	!
814	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
815	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
816
817	!
818	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
819	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
820	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
821
822	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
823	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
824	gradients = '------'
825	slices = ' 0'
826	coordinates = ' 0.0'
827	i = 1
828	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
829	/= -9999 )
830
831	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
832	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
833	TRIM( coor_chr )
834
835	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
836	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
837
838	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
839	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
840
841	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
842	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
843
844	i = i + 1
845	ENDDO
846
847	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
848	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
849
850	ELSE
851
852	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
853	coordinates = ' 0.0'
854
855	DO k = 1, pch_index
856
857	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
858	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
859	TRIM( coor_chr )
860
861	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
862	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
863
864	ENDDO
865
866	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
867	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
868
869	ENDIF
870
871	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
872	' ------------------------------'// &
873	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
874	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
875	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
876	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
877	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
878	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
879	' K m/s')
880	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
881	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
882	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
883	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
884	' Gridpoint: ',A)
885	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
886	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
887	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
888	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
889	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
890	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
891
892	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
893
894
895	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
896	! Description:
897	! ------------
898	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
899	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
900	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
901
902
903	USE control_parameters, &
904	ONLY: message_string, ocean_mode
905
906	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
907	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
908
909	USE surface_mod, &
910	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
911
912	IMPLICIT NONE
913
914	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
915	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
916	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
917	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
918
919	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
920	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
921	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
922
923	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
924	!
925	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
926	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
927	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
928	lad = 0.0_wp
929	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
930
931	!
932	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
933	!-- a beta probability density function
934	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
935	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
936	ENDIF
937
938
939	!
940	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
941	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
942	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
943	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
944	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
945	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
946
947	!
948	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
949	i = 1
950	gradient = 0.0_wp
951
952	IF ( .NOT. ocean_mode ) THEN
953
954	lad(0) = lad_surface
955	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
956
957	DO k = 1, pch_index
958	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
959	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
960	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
961	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
962	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
963	i = i + 1
964	ENDIF
965	ENDIF
966	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
967	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
968	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
969	ELSE
970	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
971	ENDIF
972	ELSE
973	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
974	ENDIF
975	ENDDO
976
977	ENDIF
978
979	!
980	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
981	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
982	!-- file.
983	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
984	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
985	ENDIF
986
987	ELSE
988
989	!
990	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
991	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
992	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
993
994	DO k = 0, pch_index
995	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
996	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
997	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
998	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
999	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
1000	ENDDO
1001
1002	!
1003	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
1004	DO k = 0, pch_index
1005	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
1006	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1007	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
1008	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
1009	) / canopy_height
1010	ENDDO
1011
1012	!
1013	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
1014	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
1015	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
1016	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
1017	DO k = 1, pch_index
1018	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
1019	ENDDO
1020
1021	ENDIF
1022
1023	!
1024	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
1025	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1026
1027	!
1028	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
1029	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
1030	!-- with the prescribed values
1031	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
1032	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
1033	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
1034
1035	!
1036	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
1037	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
1038	!-- fully covers the domain surface
1039	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
1040
1041	CASE( 'block' )
1042
1043	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1044	DO j = nysg, nyng
1045	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
1046	ENDDO
1047	ENDDO
1048
1049	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
1050	!
1051	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
1052	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
1053	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
1054	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
1055	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1056	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
1057	!
1058	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
1059	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
1060	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
1061
1062	DO i = nxl, nxr
1063	DO j = nys, nyn
1064	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
1065	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
1066	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
1067	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
1068	ENDDO
1069	ENDDO
1070	ENDDO
1071
1072	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1073	!
1074	! ASCII file
1075	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
1076	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
1077	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
1078	!-- each location).
1079	ELSE
1080	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1081	ENDIF
1082
1083	CASE DEFAULT
1084	!
1085	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
1086	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
1087	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
1088	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
1089	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
1090	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
1091
1092	END SELECT
1093	!
1094	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
1095	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1096	pch_index_ji = 0
1097
1098	DO i = nxl, nxr
1099	DO j = nys, nyn
1100	DO k = 0, pch_index
1101	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
1102	ENDDO
1103	!
1104	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
1105	!-- height of the model domain.
1106	k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1107	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
1108	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
1109	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
1110	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1111	ENDIF
1112
1113	ENDDO
1114	ENDDO
1115
1116	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
1117	!
1118	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
1119	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
1120
1121
1122	!
1123	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
1124	#if defined( __parallel )
1125	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
1126	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
1127	#endif
1128
1129	!-- Allocation of arrays pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate and pc_latent_rate
1130	ALLOCATE( pc_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1131	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1132	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1133	pc_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
1134	ALLOCATE( pc_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1135	pc_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
1136	ENDIF
1137	!
1138	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
1139	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
1140	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
1141	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
1142	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
1143	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
1144	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
1145	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
1146	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
1147	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
1148	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
1149	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
1150	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate)
1151	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
1152	!-- We cannot use variable radiation_interactions here to determine the situation
1153	!-- as it is assigned in init_3d_model after the call of pcm_init.
1154	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1155
1156	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1157	!
1158	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
1159	!-- integration of the leaf area density
1160	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1161	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1162	DO j = nysg, nyng
1163	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
1164	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
1165	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
1166	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
1167	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
1168	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
1169	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
1170	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1171	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
1172	ELSE
1173	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
1174	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
1175	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
1176	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1177	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
1178	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
1179	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
1180	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1181	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
1182	ENDIF
1183	ENDDO
1184	ENDDO
1185	ENDDO
1186
1187	!
1188	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
1189	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
1190	!-- Start with default surface type
1191	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
1192	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
1193	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1194	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1195	ENDDO
1196	!
1197	!-- Natural surfaces
1198	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
1199	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
1200	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1201	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1202	ENDDO
1203	!
1204	!-- Urban surfaces
1205	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
1206	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
1207	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1208	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1209	ENDDO
1210	!
1211	!
1212	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
1213	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
1214	!-- canopy.
1215	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
1216	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
1217	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
1218	!-- of the respective layer
1219	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1220	DO j = nysg, nyng
1221	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
1222	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1223	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
1224	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
1225	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
1226	ENDIF
1227	ENDDO
1228	ENDDO
1229	ENDDO
1230
1231	ENDIF
1232
1233	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
1234
1235
1236	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
1237
1238
1239	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1240	! Description:
1241	! ------------
1242	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
1243	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1244	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1245
1246	USE control_parameters, &
1247	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
1248
1249	IMPLICIT NONE
1250
1251	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
1252
1253	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
1254	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1255	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1256	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1257	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1258	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1259	lai_beta, &
1260	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1261	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
1262	plant_canopy_transpiration
1263
1264	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1265	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1266	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1267	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1268	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1269	lai_beta, &
1270	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1271	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
1272	plant_canopy_transpiration
1273
1274	line = ' '
1275
1276	!
1277	!-- Try to find radiation model package
1278	REWIND ( 11 )
1279	line = ' '
1280	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
1281	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
1282	ENDDO
1283	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1284
1285	!
1286	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1287	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
1288
1289	!
1290	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
1291	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1292
1293	GOTO 14
1294
1295	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1296	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1297	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
1298	!
1299	!-- Try to find old namelist
1300	12 REWIND ( 11 )
1301	line = ' '
1302	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
1303	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
1304	ENDDO
1305	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1306
1307	!
1308	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1309	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
1310
1311	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
1312	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
1313	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
1314	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
1315
1316	!
1317	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
1318	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1319
1320	GOTO 14
1321
1322	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1323	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1324	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
1325
1326	14 CONTINUE
1327
1328
1329	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1330
1331
1332
1333	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1334	! Description:
1335	! ------------
1336	!
1337	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
1338	!>
1339	!> num_levels
1340	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1341	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1342	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1343	!> ...
1344	!>
1345	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
1346	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
1347	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
1348	!>
1349	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
1350	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
1351	!>
1352	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
1353	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
1354	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1355	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1356
1357	USE control_parameters, &
1358	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
1359
1360	USE indices, &
1361	ONLY: nbgp
1362
1363	IMPLICIT NONE
1364
1365	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
1366	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
1367	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
1368	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
1369	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
1370	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
1371	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
1372
1373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
1374
1375	!
1376	!-- Initialize lad_s array
1377	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1378
1379	!
1380	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
1381	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
1382	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
1383	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
1384	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
1385	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
1386	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
1387	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
1388
1389	DO
1390	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
1391	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
1392
1393	SELECT CASE (dtype)
1394	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
1395	!
1396	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
1397	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
1398	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
1399	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
1400	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
1401	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
1402	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
1403	'but pctype is ', pctype
1404	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1405	ENDIF
1406	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1407	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
1408	CASE DEFAULT
1409	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
1410	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
1411	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1412	END SELECT
1413	ENDDO
1414
1415	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1416	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1417
1418	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1419	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1420
1421	517 CLOSE(152)
1422	DEALLOCATE( col )
1423
1424	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1425
1426	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1427
1428
1429
1430	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1431	! Description:
1432	! ------------
1433	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
1434	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
1435	!>
1436	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
1437	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1438	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
1439	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
1440	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1441	!>
1442	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
1443	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
1444	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
1445	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
1446	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
1447	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
1448	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
1449	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
1450	!>
1451	!>
1452	!> Call for all grid points
1453	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1454	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
1455
1456
1457	USE control_parameters, &
1458	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
1459
1460	USE kinds
1461
1462	IMPLICIT NONE
1463
1464	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1465	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1466	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1467	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1468	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
1469	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1470
1471	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1472	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1473	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1474	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1475	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1476	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1477
1478
1479	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
1480
1481	!
1482	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
1483	SELECT CASE ( component )
1484
1485	!
1486	!-- u-component
1487	CASE ( 1 )
1488	DO i = nxlu, nxr
1489	DO j = nys, nyn
1490	!
1491	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
1492	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
1493	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1494
1495	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1496	!
1497	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1498	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
1499	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
1500	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
1501	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
1502	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
1503	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1504	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1505	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
1506	THEN
1507	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1508	ENDIF
1509
1510	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1511	pre_u = 0.0_wp
1512	!
1513	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1514	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1515	lad_local * &
1516	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
1517	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
1518	v(k,j,i) + &
1519	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1520	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
1521	)**2 + &
1522	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
1523	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1524	w(k,j,i-1) + &
1525	w(k,j,i) ) &
1526	)**2 &
1527	) * &
1528	u(k,j,i)
1529
1530	!
1531	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1532	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1533	!
1534	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1535	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1536	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
1537	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1538	ELSE
1539	pre_tend = pre_tend
1540	ENDIF
1541	!
1542	!-- Calculate final tendency
1543	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1544
1545	ENDDO
1546	ENDDO
1547	ENDDO
1548
1549	!
1550	!-- v-component
1551	CASE ( 2 )
1552	DO i = nxl, nxr
1553	DO j = nysv, nyn
1554	!
1555	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
1556	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
1557
1558	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1559
1560	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1561	!
1562	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1563	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
1564	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
1565	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
1566	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
1567	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
1568	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1569	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1570	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
1571	THEN
1572	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1573	ENDIF
1574
1575	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1576	pre_v = 0.0_wp
1577	!
1578	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1579	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1580	lad_local * &
1581	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
1582	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
1583	u(k,j,i) + &
1584	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1585	)**2 + &
1586	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
1587	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
1588	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1589	w(k,j-1,i) + &
1590	w(k,j,i) ) &
1591	)**2 &
1592	) * &
1593	v(k,j,i)
1594
1595	!
1596	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1597	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1598	!
1599	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1600	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1601	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
1602	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1603	ELSE
1604	pre_tend = pre_tend
1605	ENDIF
1606	!
1607	!-- Calculate final tendency
1608	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1609
1610	ENDDO
1611	ENDDO
1612	ENDDO
1613
1614	!
1615	!-- w-component
1616	CASE ( 3 )
1617	DO i = nxl, nxr
1618	DO j = nys, nyn
1619	!
1620	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
1621	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
1622
1623	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
1624
1625	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1626
1627	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1628	pre_w = 0.0_wp
1629	!
1630	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1631	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1632	(0.5_wp * &
1633	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
1634	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1635	u(k,j,i+1) + &
1636	u(k+1,j,i) + &
1637	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
1638	)**2 + &
1639	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1640	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1641	v(k+1,j,i) + &
1642	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
1643	)**2 + &
1644	w(k,j,i)**2 &
1645	) * &
1646	w(k,j,i)
1647	!
1648	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1649	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1650	!
1651	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1652	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1653	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
1654	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1655	ELSE
1656	pre_tend = pre_tend
1657	ENDIF
1658	!
1659	!-- Calculate final tendency
1660	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1661
1662	ENDDO
1663	ENDDO
1664	ENDDO
1665
1666	!
1667	!-- potential temperature
1668	CASE ( 4 )
1669	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1670	DO i = nxl, nxr
1671	DO j = nys, nyn
1672	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1673	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1674	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1675	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1676	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
1677	ENDDO
1678	ENDDO
1679	ENDDO
1680	ELSE
1681	DO i = nxl, nxr
1682	DO j = nys, nyn
1683	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1684	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1685	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1686	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1687	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
1688	ENDDO
1689	ENDDO
1690	ENDDO
1691	ENDIF
1692
1693	!
1694	!-- humidity
1695	CASE ( 5 )
1696	DO i = nxl, nxr
1697	DO j = nys, nyn
1698	!
1699	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1700	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1701
1702	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1703
1704	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1705
1706	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
1707	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
1708	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
1709	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
1710	! in the plant canopy box
1711	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
1712	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1713	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1714	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1715	)**2 + &
1716	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1717	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1718	)**2 + &
1719	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1720	w(k,j,i) ) &
1721	)**2 &
1722	) * &
1723	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
1724	ENDIF
1725
1726	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
1727	ENDDO
1728	ENDDO
1729	ENDDO
1730
1731	!
1732	!-- sgs-tke
1733	CASE ( 6 )
1734	DO i = nxl, nxr
1735	DO j = nys, nyn
1736	!
1737	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1738	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1739
1740	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1741
1742	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1743	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1744	2.0_wp * cdc * &
1745	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1746	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1747	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1748	)**2 + &
1749	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1750	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1751	)**2 + &
1752	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
1753	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
1754	)**2 &
1755	) * &
1756	e(k,j,i)
1757	ENDDO
1758	ENDDO
1759	ENDDO
1760	!
1761	!-- scalar concentration
1762	CASE ( 7 )
1763	DO i = nxl, nxr
1764	DO j = nys, nyn
1765	!
1766	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1767	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1768
1769	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1770
1771	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1772	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1773	lsec * &
1774	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1775	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1776	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1777	)**2 + &
1778	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1779	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1780	)**2 + &
1781	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1782	w(k,j,i) ) &
1783	)**2 &
1784	) * &
1785	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
1786	ENDDO
1787	ENDDO
1788	ENDDO
1789
1790
1791
1792	CASE DEFAULT
1793
1794	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
1795	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1796
1797	END SELECT
1798
1799	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
1800
1801
1802	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1803	! Description:
1804	! ------------
1805	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
1806	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
1807	!>
1808	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
1809	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1810	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
1811	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
1812	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1813	!>
1814	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
1815	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
1816	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
1817	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
1818	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
1819	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
1820	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
1821	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
1822	!>
1823	!>
1824	!> Call for grid point i,j
1825	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1826	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
1827
1828
1829	USE control_parameters, &
1830	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
1831
1832	USE kinds
1833
1834	IMPLICIT NONE
1835
1836	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1837	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1838	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1839	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1840	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
1841	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1842
1843	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1844	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1845	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1846	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1847	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1848	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1849
1850
1851	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
1852	!
1853	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
1854	SELECT CASE ( component )
1855
1856	!
1857	!-- u-component
1858	CASE ( 1 )
1859	!
1860	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
1861	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
1862	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1863
1864	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1865
1866	!
1867	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1868	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1869	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1870	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1871	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1872	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
1873	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1874	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1875	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1876	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1877	ENDIF
1878
1879	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1880	pre_u = 0.0_wp
1881	!
1882	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1883	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1884	lad_local * &
1885	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
1886	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
1887	v(k,j,i) + &
1888	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1889	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
1890	)**2 + &
1891	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
1892	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1893	w(k,j,i-1) + &
1894	w(k,j,i) ) &
1895	)**2 &
1896	) * &
1897	u(k,j,i)
1898
1899	!
1900	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1901	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1902	!
1903	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1904	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1905	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
1906	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1907	ELSE
1908	pre_tend = pre_tend
1909	ENDIF
1910	!
1911	!-- Calculate final tendency
1912	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1913	ENDDO
1914
1915
1916	!
1917	!-- v-component
1918	CASE ( 2 )
1919	!
1920	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
1921	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
1922
1923	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1924
1925	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1926	!
1927	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1928	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1929	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1930	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1931	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1932	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
1933	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1934	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1935	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1936	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1937	ENDIF
1938
1939	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1940	pre_v = 0.0_wp
1941	!
1942	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1943	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1944	lad_local * &
1945	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
1946	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
1947	u(k,j,i) + &
1948	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1949	)**2 + &
1950	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
1951	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
1952	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1953	w(k,j-1,i) + &
1954	w(k,j,i) ) &
1955	)**2 &
1956	) * &
1957	v(k,j,i)
1958
1959	!
1960	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1961	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1962	!
1963	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1964	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1965	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
1966	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1967	ELSE
1968	pre_tend = pre_tend
1969	ENDIF
1970	!
1971	!-- Calculate final tendency
1972	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1973	ENDDO
1974
1975
1976	!
1977	!-- w-component
1978	CASE ( 3 )
1979	!
1980	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
1981	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
1982
1983	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
1984
1985	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1986
1987	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1988	pre_w = 0.0_wp
1989	!
1990	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1991	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1992	(0.5_wp * &
1993	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
1994	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1995	u(k,j,i+1) + &
1996	u(k+1,j,i) + &
1997	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
1998	)**2 + &
1999	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2000	v(k,j+1,i) + &
2001	v(k+1,j,i) + &
2002	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
2003	)**2 + &
2004	w(k,j,i)**2 &
2005	) * &
2006	w(k,j,i)
2007	!
2008	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2009	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2010	!
2011	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
2012	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
2013	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
2014	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2015	ELSE
2016	pre_tend = pre_tend
2017	ENDIF
2018	!
2019	!-- Calculate final tendency
2020	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2021	ENDDO
2022
2023	!
2024	!-- potential temperature
2025	CASE ( 4 )
2026	!
2027	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2028	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2029
2030	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2031	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2032	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
2033	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
2034	pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
2035	ENDDO
2036	ELSE
2037	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2038	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
2039	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
2040	ENDDO
2041	ENDIF
2042
2043	!
2044	!-- humidity
2045	CASE ( 5 )
2046	!
2047	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2048	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2049
2050	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2051	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
2052	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
2053	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
2054	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
2055	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
2056	! in the plant canopy box
2057	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
2058	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2059	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2060	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2061	)**2 + &
2062	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2063	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2064	)**2 + &
2065	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2066	w(k,j,i) ) &
2067	)**2 &
2068	) * &
2069	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
2070	ENDIF
2071
2072	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
2073
2074	ENDDO
2075
2076	!
2077	!-- sgs-tke
2078	CASE ( 6 )
2079	!
2080	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2081	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2082
2083	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2084
2085	kk = k - k_wall
2086	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2087	2.0_wp * cdc * &
2088	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2089	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2090	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2091	)**2 + &
2092	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2093	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2094	)**2 + &
2095	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
2096	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
2097	)**2 &
2098	) * &
2099	e(k,j,i)
2100	ENDDO
2101
2102	!
2103	!-- scalar concentration
2104	CASE ( 7 )
2105	!
2106	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2107	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2108
2109	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2110
2111	kk = k - k_wall
2112	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2113	lsec * &
2114	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2115	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2116	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2117	)**2 + &
2118	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2119	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2120	)**2 + &
2121	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2122	w(k,j,i) ) &
2123	)**2 &
2124	) * &
2125	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
2126	ENDDO
2127
2128	CASE DEFAULT
2129
2130	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
2131	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2132
2133	END SELECT
2134
2135	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
2136
2137
2138
2139	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.

Download in other formats:

| Impressum | ©Leibniz Universität Hannover |