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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 3082

Last change on this file since 3082 was 3065, checked in by Giersch, 6 years ago
New vertical stretching procedure has been introduced
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 75.6 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[257]	20	! Current revisions:
[2977]	21	! ------------------
[2214]	22	!
[3049]	23	!
[2214]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z gronemeier $
[3065]	27	! dz was replaced by the help of zw to allow for vertical stretching
	28	!
	29	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
[3049]	30	! Error messages revised
	31	!
	32	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3045]	33	! Error message revised
	34	!
	35	! 3022 2018-05-18 11:12:35Z suehring
[3022]	36	! Bugfix in allocation of transpiration rate
	37	!
	38	! 3014 2018-05-09 08:42:38Z maronga
[3014]	39	! Bugfix: nzb_do and nzt_do were not used for 3d data output
	40	! Added pc_transpiration_rate
	41	!
	42	! 2977 2018-04-17 10:27:57Z kanani
[2977]	43	! Implement changes from branch radiation (r2948-2971) with minor modifications,
	44	! plus some formatting.
	45	! (moh.hefny):
	46	! Add plant canopy type to account for changes in LAD (based on the changes
	47	! done by Resler & Pavel) and correct the error message to PALM Standard.
	48	!
	49	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z maronga
[2932]	50	! renamed canopy_par to plant_canopy_parameters
	51	!
	52	! 2920 2018-03-22 11:22:01Z kanani
[2920]	53	! Move usm_lad_rma and prototype_lad to radiation_model (moh.hefny)
	54	!
	55	! 2892 2018-03-14 15:06:29Z suehring
[2892]	56	! Bugfix, read separate ASCII LAD files for parent and child model.
	57	!
	58	! 2770 2018-01-25 15:10:09Z kanani
[2770]	59	! Correction of parameter check
	60	!
	61	! 2768 2018-01-24 15:38:29Z kanani
[2768]	62	! Added check for output quantity pcm_heatrate, some formatting
	63	!
	64	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	65	! Increased LEN of canopy mode to 30
	66	!
	67	! 2746 2018-01-15 12:06:04Z suehring
[2746]	68	! Move flag plant canopy to modules
	69	!
	70	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	71	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	72	!
	73	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	74	! Changes from last commit documented
	75	!
	76	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2701]	77	! Bugfix in get_topography_top_index
	78	!
[2716]	79	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	80	! Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	81	! Bugfix for vertical loop index pch_index in case of Netcdf input
	82	! Introduce 2D index array incorporate canopy top index
	83	! Check if canopy on top of topography do not exceed vertical dimension
	84	! Add check for canopy_mode in case of Netcdf input.
	85	! Enable _FillValue output for 3d quantities
	86	! Bugfix in reading of PIDS leaf area density (MS)
	87	!
	88	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	89	! coupling_char removed
	90	!
	91	! 2512 2017-10-04 08:26:59Z raasch
[2512]	92	! upper bounds of 3d output changed from nx+1,ny+1 to nx,ny
	93	! no output of ghost layer data
	94	!
	95	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	96	! Get topography top index via Function call
	97	!
	98	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2274]	99	! Changed error messages
	100	!
	101	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[2214]	102	!
[2233]	103	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	104	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	105	!
[2214]	106	! 2213 2017-04-24 15:10:35Z kanani
[2213]	107	! Bugfix: exchange of ghost points in array pc_heating_rate needed for output
	108	! of pcm_heatrate, onetime ghost point exchange of lad_s after initialization.
	109	! Formatting and clean-up of subroutine pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d,
	110	! minor re-organization of canopy-heating initialization.
[2008]	111	!
[2210]	112	! 2209 2017-04-19 09:34:46Z kanani
	113	! Added 3d output of leaf area density (pcm_lad) and canopy
	114	! heat rate (pcm_heatrate)
	115	!
[2025]	116	! 2024 2016-10-12 16:42:37Z kanani
	117	! Added missing lad_s initialization
	118	!
[2012]	119	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	120	! Renamed canopy_heat_flux to pc_heating_rate, since the original meaning/
	121	! calculation of the quantity has changed, related to the urban surface model
	122	! and similar future applications.
	123	!
[2008]	124	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
[2007]	125	! Added SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d for reading 3d plant canopy data
	126	! from file (new case canopy_mode=read_from_file_3d) in the course of
	127	! introduction of urban surface model,
	128	! introduced variable ext_coef,
	129	! resorted SUBROUTINEs to alphabetical order
[1827]	130	!
[2001]	131	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	132	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	133	!
[1961]	134	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	135	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
	136	!
[1954]	137	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
	138	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
	139	!
[1827]	140	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	141	! Further modularization
	142	!
[1722]	143	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
	144	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
	145	! canopy is set on top of topography
	146	!
[1683]	147	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	148	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	149	!
[1485]	150	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
[1484]	151	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
	152	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
[1826]	153	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
[1484]	154	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
	155	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	156	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
[1826]	157	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
	158	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
[1484]	159	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
	160	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
	161	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
	162	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
	163	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
	164	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
	165	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
	166	! respectively,
	167	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
	168	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
[1341]	169	!
	170	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	171	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	172	!
[1321]	173	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	174	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	175	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	176	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	177	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	178	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	179	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	180	! all variable declaration statements
[153]	181	!
[1037]	182	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	183	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	184	!
[139]	185	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	186	! Initial revision
	187	!
[138]	188	! Description:
	189	! ------------
[1682]	190	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	191	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	192	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	193	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[138]	194	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	195	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	196
[1484]	197	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	198	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	199
[1484]	200	USE indices, &
	201	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[2317]	202	nz, nzb, nzt
[1484]	203
	204	USE kinds
	205
[2317]	206	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	207	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji
[1484]	208
[2317]	209
[1484]	210	IMPLICIT NONE
	211
	212
[2766]	213	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
[1484]	214
[2696]	215	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	216	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	217
[2696]	218	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
	219
[1682]	220	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	221
[2696]	222	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	223	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	224	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	225	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	226	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	227	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	228	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	229	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	230	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	231	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	232	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2768]	233	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2696]	234	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	235
[2696]	236	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	237	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	238
[2977]	239	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	240	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	241
[1682]	242	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	243	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	244
[2768]	245	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	246	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
	247	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
[3014]	248	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
[1484]	249
	250	SAVE
	251
	252
[138]	253	PRIVATE
[1826]	254
	255	!
	256	!-- Public functions
[2209]	257	PUBLIC pcm_check_data_output, pcm_check_parameters, pcm_data_output_3d, &
	258	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	259
[1826]	260	!
	261	!-- Public variables and constants
[3014]	262	PUBLIC pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
[2920]	263	pch_index
[2007]	264
[1484]	265
[2209]	266	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	267	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	268	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	269
[1826]	270	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	271	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	272	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	273
	274	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	275	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	276	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	277
	278	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	279	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	280	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	281
	282	INTERFACE pcm_header
	283	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	284	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	285
	286	INTERFACE pcm_init
	287	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	288	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	289
[1826]	290	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	291	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	292	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	293
	294	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	295	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	296	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	297
	298	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	299	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	300	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	301	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	302
	303
[138]	304	CONTAINS
	305
[2209]	306
	307	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	308	! Description:
	309	! ------------
	310	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	311	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	312	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[1826]	313
[2209]	314
	315	USE control_parameters, &
[2770]	316	ONLY: data_output, message_string, urban_surface
[2209]	317
	318	IMPLICIT NONE
	319
	320	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	321	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	322
	323
	324	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	325
	326	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	327	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	328	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	329	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	330	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	331	ENDIF
[2209]	332	unit = 'K s-1'
	333
[3014]	334	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	335	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	336
[2209]	337	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	338	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	339
	340
	341	CASE DEFAULT
	342	unit = 'illegal'
	343
	344	END SELECT
	345
	346
	347	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	348
	349
[1826]	350	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	351	! Description:
	352	! ------------
	353	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	354	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	355	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	356
[1826]	357	USE control_parameters, &
[2696]	358	ONLY: cloud_physics, coupling_char, message_string, &
	359	microphysics_seifert
	360
	361	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	362	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
[1826]	363
	364
	365	IMPLICIT NONE
	366
	367
	368	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	369	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
[3046]	370	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	371	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	372	ENDIF
	373
[3045]	374	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
[1826]	375	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	376	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	377	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	378	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	379	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	380	ENDIF
	381
	382	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	383	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	384	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	385	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	386	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	387	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	388	ENDIF
	389
	390	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	391	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	392	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	393	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	394	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	395	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	396	'density profile'
[2768]	397	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	398	ENDIF
	399
	400	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
	401	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	402	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	403	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	404	ENDIF
[2696]	405	!
	406	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
	407	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
	408	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
	409	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
	410	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	411	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
	412	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
[2768]	413	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0999', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	414	ENDIF
[1826]	415
	416
	417	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	418
	419
[138]	420	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	421	!
[1484]	422	! Description:
	423	! ------------
[2209]	424	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
	425	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	426	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	427	nzb_do, nzt_do )
	428
[2209]	429	USE indices
	430
	431	USE kinds
	432
	433
	434	IMPLICIT NONE
	435
	436	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	437
[2696]	438	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
	439	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	440	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	441	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	442	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
[3014]	443	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	444	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	445
	446	LOGICAL :: found !<
	447
[2696]	448	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
[3014]	449	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !<
[2209]	450
	451
	452	found = .TRUE.
	453
[2696]	454	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	455
	456	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	457
	458	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	459	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	460	DO i = nxl, nxr
	461	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	462	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	463	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	464	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	465	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
	466	ENDDO
	467	ENDIF
[2209]	468	ENDDO
	469	ENDDO
	470	ENDIF
[3014]	471
	472	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	473	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	474	DO i = nxl, nxr
	475	DO j = nys, nyn
	476	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	477	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
	478	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	479	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
	480	ENDDO
	481	ENDIF
	482	ENDDO
	483	ENDDO
	484	ENDIF
[2209]	485
	486	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	487	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	488	DO i = nxl, nxr
	489	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	490	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	491	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	492	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	493	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k-k_topo,j,i)
	494	ENDDO
	495	ENDIF
[2209]	496	ENDDO
	497	ENDDO
	498	ENDIF
	499
	500
	501	CASE DEFAULT
	502	found = .FALSE.
	503
	504	END SELECT
	505
	506
	507	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	508
	509	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	510	!
	511	! Description:
	512	! ------------
	513	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	514	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	515	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	516	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	517
	518	IMPLICIT NONE
	519
	520	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	521	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	522	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	523	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	524	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	525
	526	found = .TRUE.
	527
	528	!
	529	!-- Check for the grid
	530	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	531
[3014]	532	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate')
[2209]	533	grid_x = 'x'
	534	grid_y = 'y'
	535	grid_z = 'zu'
	536
	537	CASE DEFAULT
	538	found = .FALSE.
	539	grid_x = 'none'
	540	grid_y = 'none'
	541	grid_z = 'none'
	542	END SELECT
	543
	544	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	545
	546
	547	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	548	! Description:
	549	! ------------
[1826]	550	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	551	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	552	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	553
	554	USE control_parameters, &
[3065]	555	ONLY: passive_scalar
[1826]	556
	557
	558	IMPLICIT NONE
	559
	560	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	561
	562	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	563	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	564	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	565	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	566
	567	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	568	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	569	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	570
	571	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	572
[3065]	573	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1826]	574
	575	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	576	canopy_drag_coeff
	577	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	578	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	579	leaf_surface_conc
	580	ENDIF
	581
	582	!
	583	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	584	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	585
	586	!
	587	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	588	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	589	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	590
	591	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	592	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	593	gradients = '------'
	594	slices = ' 0'
	595	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	596	i = 1
	597	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	598	/= -9999 )
	599
	600	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	601	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	602	TRIM( coor_chr )
	603
	604	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	605	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	606
	607	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	608	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	609
	610	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	611	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	612
	613	i = i + 1
	614	ENDDO
	615
	616	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	617	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	618
	619	ELSE
	620
	621	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	622	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	623
	624	DO k = 1, pch_index
	625
	626	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	627	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	628	TRIM( coor_chr )
	629
	630	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	631	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	632
	633	ENDDO
	634
	635	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	636	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	637
	638	ENDIF
	639
	640	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	641	' ------------------------------'// &
	642	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	643	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	644	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	645	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	646	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	647	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	648	' K m/s')
	649	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	650	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	651	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	652	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	653	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	654	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	655	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	656	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	657	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	658	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	659	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	660
	661	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	662
	663
	664	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	665	! Description:
	666	! ------------
[1682]	667	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	668	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	669	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	670
	671
	672	USE control_parameters, &
[3065]	673	ONLY: humidity, io_blocks, io_group, message_string, ocean, &
[2669]	674	passive_scalar, urban_surface
[1484]	675
[2696]	676	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	677	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	678
[2232]	679	USE surface_mod, &
	680	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	681
	682	IMPLICIT NONE
	683
[2007]	684	CHARACTER(10) :: pct
	685
	686	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	687	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< index
	688	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	689	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	690	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	691
[2007]	692	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	693	REAL(wp) :: dzh !< vertical grid spacing in units of canopy height
	694	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	695	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
	696	REAL(wp) :: pcv(nzb:nzt+1) !<
	697
[1484]	698	!
	699	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	700	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	701	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	702	lad = 0.0_wp
	703	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	704
	705	!
[1826]	706	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	707	!-- a beta probability density function
	708	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	709	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	710	ENDIF
	711
	712
	713	!
[1484]	714	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	715	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	716	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	717	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	718	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	719	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	720
	721	!
	722	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	723	i = 1
	724	gradient = 0.0_wp
	725
	726	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
	727
	728	lad(0) = lad_surface
	729	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	730
	731	DO k = 1, pch_index
	732	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	733	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	734	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	735	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	736	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	737	i = i + 1
	738	ENDIF
	739	ENDIF
	740	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	741	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	742	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	743	ELSE
	744	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	745	ENDIF
	746	ELSE
	747	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	748	ENDIF
	749	ENDDO
	750
	751	ENDIF
	752
	753	!
	754	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	755	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	756	!-- file.
	757	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	758	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	759	ENDIF
	760
	761	ELSE
	762
	763	!
	764	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	765	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
[3065]	766	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1484]	767
[2232]	768	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	769	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	770	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	771	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	772	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	773	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	774	ENDDO
	775
	776	!
	777	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	778	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	779	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	780	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	781	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	782	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	783	) / canopy_height
[1484]	784	ENDDO
	785
	786	!
	787	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	788	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	789	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	790	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	791	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	792	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	793	ENDDO
	794
	795	ENDIF
	796
	797	!
[2213]	798	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	799	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	800
	801	!
	802	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	803	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	804	!-- with the prescribed values
	805	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	806	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	807	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	808
	809	!
	810	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	811	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	812	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	813	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	814
	815	CASE( 'block' )
	816
	817	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	818	DO j = nysg, nyng
	819	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	820	ENDDO
	821	ENDDO
	822
[2007]	823	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	824	!
[2696]	825	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	826	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	827	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	828	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	829	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	830	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	831	!
	832	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	833	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	834	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	835
	836	DO i = nxl, nxr
	837	DO j = nys, nyn
	838	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	839	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	840	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
	841	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	842	ENDDO
	843	ENDDO
	844	ENDDO
	845	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	846	!
	847	! ASCII file
[2007]	848	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	849	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	850	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	851	!-- each location).
[2696]	852	ELSE
	853	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	854	ENDIF
[2007]	855
[1484]	856	CASE DEFAULT
	857	!
[2007]	858	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	859	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	860	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	861	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	862	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	863	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	864
	865	END SELECT
[2696]	866	!
	867	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	868	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	869	pch_index_ji = 0
[1484]	870
[2696]	871	DO i = nxl, nxr
	872	DO j = nys, nyn
	873	DO k = 0, pch_index
	874	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	875	ENDDO
[1484]	876	!
[2696]	877	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	878	!-- height of the model domain.
[2698]	879	k = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	880	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	881	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	882	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
	883	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0999', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	884	ENDIF
	885
	886	ENDDO
	887	ENDDO
	888
	889	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
	890
	891	!
[2011]	892	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	893	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	894	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	895	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	896	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	897	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	898	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	899	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	900	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	901	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	902	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
	903	!-- When using the urban surface model (USM), canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	904	!-- by radiation is calculated in the USM.
[2768]	905	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2213]	906
	907	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
[3022]	908	pc_heating_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	909	!
[2011]	910	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	911	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	912	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	913	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	914	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	915	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	916	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	917	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	918	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	919	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	920	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	921	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	922	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	923	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	924	ELSE
	925	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	926	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	927	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	928	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	929	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	930	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	931	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	932	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	933	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	934	ENDIF
	935	ENDDO
	936	ENDDO
	937	ENDDO
	938
[2232]	939	!
	940	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	941	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	942	!-- Start with default surface type
	943	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
	944	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	945	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	946	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	947	ENDDO
[1484]	948	!
[2232]	949	!-- Natural surfaces
	950	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
	951	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	952	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	953	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	954	ENDDO
	955	!
	956	!-- Urban surfaces
	957	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
	958	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	959	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	960	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	961	ENDDO
	962	!
	963	!
[2011]	964	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	965	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	966	!-- canopy.
	967	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	968	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	969	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	970	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	971	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	972	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	973	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	974	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3022]	975	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	976	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
[2232]	977	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	978	ENDIF
	979	ENDDO
[1721]	980	ENDDO
	981	ENDDO
[1484]	982
	983	ENDIF
[3022]	984	!
	985	!-- Allocate transpiration rate
	986	IF ( humidity ) &
	987	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	988
	989
	990
[1826]	991	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	992
	993
[2007]	994	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	995	! Description:
	996	! ------------
[2932]	997	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	998	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	999	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	1000
[2746]	1001	USE control_parameters, &
[2932]	1002	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
[2007]	1003
	1004	IMPLICIT NONE
	1005
	1006	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1007
[2932]	1008	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	1009	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1010	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1011	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	1012	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1013	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1014	lai_beta, &
	1015	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	1016	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
	1017
[2007]	1018	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1019	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1020	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1021	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1022	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1023	lai_beta, &
	1024	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	1025	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
[2932]	1026
[2007]	1027	line = ' '
	1028
	1029	!
	1030	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	1031	REWIND ( 11 )
	1032	line = ' '
[2932]	1033	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[2007]	1034	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	1035	ENDDO
	1036	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1037
	1038	!
	1039	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[2932]	1040	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters )
	1041
	1042	!
	1043	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1044	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1045
	1046	GOTO 12
	1047	!
	1048	!-- Try to find old namelist
	1049	10 REWIND ( 11 )
	1050	line = ' '
	1051	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
	1052	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
	1053	ENDDO
	1054	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1055
	1056	!
	1057	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[2007]	1058	READ ( 11, canopy_par )
	1059
[2932]	1060	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
[3046]	1061	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	1062	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1063	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
	1064
[2007]	1065	!
	1066	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1067	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1068
[2932]	1069	12 CONTINUE
[2007]	1070
	1071
	1072	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1073
	1074
	1075
[1484]	1076	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1077	! Description:
	1078	! ------------
[2007]	1079	!
	1080	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1081	!>
	1082	!> num_levels
[2977]	1083	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1084	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1085	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1086	!> ...
	1087	!>
	1088	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1089	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1090	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1091	!>
	1092	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1093	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1094	!>
	1095	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1096	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1097	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1098	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1099
	1100	USE control_parameters, &
[2892]	1101	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string, passive_scalar
[2007]	1102
[2213]	1103	USE indices, &
	1104	ONLY: nbgp
	1105
	1106	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1107
[2213]	1108	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1109	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1110	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1111	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
	1112	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1113	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1114
	1115	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1116
[2213]	1117	!
	1118	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1119	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1120
	1121	!
	1122	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1123	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1124	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1125	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1126	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[2213]	1127
[2977]	1128	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1129
[2213]	1130	DO
[2977]	1131	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1132	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1133
	1134	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1135	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1136	!
[2977]	1137	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1138	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1139	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1140	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1141	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1142	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1143	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1144	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1145	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1146	ENDIF
	1147	lad_s(0:nzp-1,j,i) = col(0:nzp-1) * lad_type_coef(pctype)
	1148
	1149	CASE DEFAULT
	1150	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1151	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1152	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1153	END SELECT
[2213]	1154	ENDDO
[2007]	1155
[2213]	1156	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1157	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1158
[2213]	1159	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1160	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1161
	1162	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1163	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1164
	1165	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1166
	1167	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1168
	1169
	1170
	1171	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1172	! Description:
	1173	! ------------
[1682]	1174	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1175	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1176	!>
	1177	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1178	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1179	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1180	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1181	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1182	!>
	1183	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1184	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1185	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1186	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1187	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1188	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1189	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1190	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1191	!>
	1192	!>
	1193	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1194	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1195	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1196
	1197
[1320]	1198	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1199	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1200
	1201	USE kinds
	1202
[138]	1203	IMPLICIT NONE
	1204
[1682]	1205	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1206	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1207	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1208	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1209	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1210	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1211
[1682]	1212	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1213	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1214	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1215	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1216	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1217	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1218
	1219
	1220	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1221
	1222	!
[1484]	1223	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1224	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1225
	1226	!
	1227	!-- u-component
	1228	CASE ( 1 )
	1229	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1230	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1231	!
	1232	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1233	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1234	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1235
[2232]	1236	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1237	!
	1238	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1239	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1240	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1241	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1242	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1243	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1244	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1245	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1246	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1247	THEN
	1248	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1249	ENDIF
	1250
	1251	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1252	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1253	!
	1254	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1255	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1256	lad_local * &
	1257	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1258	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1259	v(k,j,i) + &
	1260	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1261	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1262	)**2 + &
	1263	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1264	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1265	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1266	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1267	)**2 &
	1268	) * &
	1269	u(k,j,i)
	1270
	1271	!
	1272	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1273	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1274	!
	1275	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1276	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1277	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1278	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1279	ELSE
	1280	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1281	ENDIF
	1282	!
	1283	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1284	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1285
[138]	1286	ENDDO
	1287	ENDDO
	1288	ENDDO
	1289
	1290	!
	1291	!-- v-component
	1292	CASE ( 2 )
	1293	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1294	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1295	!
	1296	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1297	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1298
[2696]	1299	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1300
[2232]	1301	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1302	!
	1303	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1304	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1305	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1306	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1307	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1308	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1309	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1310	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1311	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1312	THEN
	1313	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1314	ENDIF
	1315
	1316	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1317	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1318	!
	1319	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1320	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1321	lad_local * &
	1322	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1323	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1324	u(k,j,i) + &
	1325	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1326	)**2 + &
	1327	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1328	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1329	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1330	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1331	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1332	)**2 &
	1333	) * &
	1334	v(k,j,i)
	1335
	1336	!
	1337	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1338	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1339	!
	1340	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1341	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1342	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1343	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1344	ELSE
	1345	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1346	ENDIF
	1347	!
	1348	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1349	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1350
[138]	1351	ENDDO
	1352	ENDDO
	1353	ENDDO
	1354
	1355	!
	1356	!-- w-component
	1357	CASE ( 3 )
	1358	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1359	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1360	!
	1361	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1362	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1363
[2696]	1364	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1365
[2232]	1366	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1367
[1484]	1368	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1369	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1370	!
	1371	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1372	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1373	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1374	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1375	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1376	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1377	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1378	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1379	)**2 + &
	1380	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1381	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1382	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1383	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1384	)**2 + &
	1385	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1386	) * &
	1387	w(k,j,i)
	1388	!
	1389	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1390	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1391	!
	1392	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1393	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1394	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1395	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1396	ELSE
	1397	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1398	ENDIF
	1399	!
	1400	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1401	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1402
[138]	1403	ENDDO
	1404	ENDDO
	1405	ENDDO
	1406
	1407	!
[153]	1408	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1409	CASE ( 4 )
	1410	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1411	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1412	!
	1413	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1414	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1415
[2696]	1416	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1417
	1418	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1419	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1420	ENDDO
	1421	ENDDO
	1422	ENDDO
	1423
	1424	!
[1960]	1425	!-- humidity
[153]	1426	CASE ( 5 )
	1427	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1428	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1429	!
	1430	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1431	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1432
[2696]	1433	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1434
	1435	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3014]	1436	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1437	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1438	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1439	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1440	)**2 + &
	1441	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1442	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1443	)**2 + &
	1444	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1445	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1446	)**2 &
	1447	) * &
	1448	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[3014]	1449
	1450	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1451	ENDDO
	1452	ENDDO
	1453	ENDDO
	1454
	1455	!
	1456	!-- sgs-tke
	1457	CASE ( 6 )
	1458	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1459	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1460	!
	1461	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1462	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1463
[2696]	1464	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1465
	1466	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1467	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1468	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1469	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1470	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1471	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1472	)**2 + &
	1473	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1474	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1475	)**2 + &
	1476	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1477	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1478	)**2 &
	1479	) * &
	1480	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1481	ENDDO
	1482	ENDDO
	1483	ENDDO
[1960]	1484	!
	1485	!-- scalar concentration
	1486	CASE ( 7 )
	1487	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1488	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1489	!
	1490	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1491	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1492
[2696]	1493	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1494
	1495	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1496	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1497	lsec * &
	1498	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1499	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1500	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1501	)**2 + &
	1502	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1503	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1504	)**2 + &
	1505	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1506	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1507	)**2 &
	1508	) * &
	1509	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1510	ENDDO
	1511	ENDDO
	1512	ENDDO
[1484]	1513
	1514
[1960]	1515
[138]	1516	CASE DEFAULT
	1517
[257]	1518	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1519	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1520
	1521	END SELECT
	1522
[1826]	1523	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1524
	1525
	1526	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1527	! Description:
	1528	! ------------
[1682]	1529	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1530	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1531	!>
	1532	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1533	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1534	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1535	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1536	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1537	!>
	1538	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1539	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1540	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1541	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1542	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1543	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1544	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1545	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1546	!>
	1547	!>
	1548	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1549	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1550	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1551
	1552
[1320]	1553	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1554	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1555
	1556	USE kinds
	1557
[138]	1558	IMPLICIT NONE
	1559
[1682]	1560	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1561	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1562	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1563	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1564	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1565	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1566
[1682]	1567	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1568	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1569	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1570	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1571	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1572	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1573
	1574
	1575	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1576	!
[1484]	1577	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1578	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1579
	1580	!
[142]	1581	!-- u-component
[1484]	1582	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1583	!
	1584	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1585	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1586	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1587
[2696]	1588	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1589
	1590	!
[1484]	1591	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1592	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1593	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1594	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1595	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1596	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1597	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1598	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1599	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1600	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1601	ENDIF
	1602
	1603	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1604	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1605	!
	1606	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1607	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1608	lad_local * &
	1609	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1610	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1611	v(k,j,i) + &
	1612	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1613	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1614	)**2 + &
	1615	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1616	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1617	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1618	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1619	)**2 &
	1620	) * &
	1621	u(k,j,i)
	1622
	1623	!
	1624	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1625	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1626	!
	1627	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1628	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1629	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1630	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1631	ELSE
	1632	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1633	ENDIF
	1634	!
	1635	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1636	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1637	ENDDO
	1638
	1639
	1640	!
[142]	1641	!-- v-component
[1484]	1642	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	1643	!
	1644	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1645	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1646
[2696]	1647	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	1648
[2232]	1649	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1650	!
[1484]	1651	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1652	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1653	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1654	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1655	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1656	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1657	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1658	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1659	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1660	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1661	ENDIF
	1662
	1663	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1664	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1665	!
	1666	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1667	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1668	lad_local * &
	1669	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1670	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1671	u(k,j,i) + &
	1672	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1673	)**2 + &
	1674	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1675	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1676	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1677	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1678	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1679	)**2 &
	1680	) * &
	1681	v(k,j,i)
	1682
	1683	!
	1684	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1685	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1686	!
	1687	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1688	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1689	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1690	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1691	ELSE
	1692	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1693	ENDIF
	1694	!
	1695	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1696	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1697	ENDDO
	1698
	1699
	1700	!
[142]	1701	!-- w-component
[1484]	1702	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	1703	!
	1704	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1705	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1706
[2696]	1707	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	1708
[2232]	1709	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1710
[1484]	1711	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1712	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1713	!
[1484]	1714	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1715	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1716	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1717	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1718	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1719	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1720	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1721	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1722	)**2 + &
	1723	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1724	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1725	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1726	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1727	)**2 + &
	1728	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1729	) * &
	1730	w(k,j,i)
	1731	!
	1732	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1733	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1734	!
	1735	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1736	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1737	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1738	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1739	ELSE
	1740	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1741	ENDIF
	1742	!
	1743	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1744	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1745	ENDDO
	1746
	1747	!
[153]	1748	!-- potential temperature
	1749	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	1750	!
	1751	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1752	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1753
[2696]	1754	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1755	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1756	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1757	ENDDO
	1758
	1759
	1760	!
[1960]	1761	!-- humidity
[153]	1762	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	1763	!
	1764	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1765	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1766
[2696]	1767	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[3014]	1768	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2232]	1769
[3014]	1770	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1771	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1772	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1773	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1774	)**2 + &
	1775	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1776	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1777	)**2 + &
	1778	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1779	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1780	)**2 &
	1781	) * &
	1782	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[3014]	1783
	1784	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
	1785
[153]	1786	ENDDO
	1787
	1788	!
[142]	1789	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	1790	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	1791	!
	1792	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1793	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1794
[2696]	1795	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1796
	1797	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	1798	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1799	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1800	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1801	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1802	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1803	)**2 + &
	1804	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1805	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1806	)**2 + &
	1807	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1808	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1809	)**2 &
	1810	) * &
	1811	e(k,j,i)
	1812	ENDDO
[1960]	1813
	1814	!
	1815	!-- scalar concentration
	1816	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	1817	!
	1818	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1819	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1820
[2696]	1821	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1822
	1823	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	1824	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1825	lsec * &
	1826	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1827	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1828	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1829	)**2 + &
	1830	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1831	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1832	)**2 + &
	1833	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1834	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1835	)**2 &
	1836	) * &
	1837	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1838	ENDDO
[138]	1839
[142]	1840	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	1841
[257]	1842	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1843	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1844
[142]	1845	END SELECT
[138]	1846
[1826]	1847	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	1848
[2007]	1849
	1850
[138]	1851	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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