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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model_mod.f90 @ 1917

Last change on this file since 1917 was 1857, checked in by maronga, 9 years ago
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[1817]	1	!> @file land_surface_model_mod.f90
[1496]	2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
	6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
	7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
	8	!
	9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	12	!
	13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	15	!
[1818]	16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1496]	17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	18	!
	19	! Current revisions:
	20	! -----------------
[1789]	21	!
[1857]	22	!
[1789]	23	! Former revisions:
	24	! -----------------
	25	! $Id: land_surface_model_mod.f90 1857 2016-04-13 12:56:38Z witha $
	26	!
[1857]	27	! 1856 2016-04-13 12:56:17Z maronga
	28	! Bugfix: for water surfaces, the initial water surface temperature is set equal
	29	! to the intital skin temperature. Moreover, the minimum value of r_a is now
	30	! 1.0 to avoid too large fluxes at the first model time step
	31	!
[1851]	32	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
	33	! prr moved to arrays_3d
[1852]	34	!
[1827]	35	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	36	! Cleanup after modularization
	37	!
[1818]	38	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
	39	! Added interface for lsm_init_arrays. Added subroutines for check_parameters,
	40	! header, and parin. Renamed some subroutines.
	41	!
[1789]	42	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
[1788]	43	! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin
	44	! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length
	45	! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver
	46	! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature.
	47	! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock
	48	! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q.
	49	! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for
	50	! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete).
	51	! Syntax layout improved.
	52	! Changed: parameter dewfall removed.
[1758]	53	!
[1784]	54	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	55	! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module
	56	!
[1758]	57	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
[1757]	58	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
	59	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
	60	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
	61	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
	62	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
[1710]	63	!
	64	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
[1709]	65	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
	66	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
	67	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
	68	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
	69	! Added todo action
[1698]	70	!
	71	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	72	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
	73	!
	74	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
[1692]	75	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
[1696]	76	! Replaced rif with ol
	77	!
[1692]	78	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
[1691]	79	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
	80	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
	81	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
	82	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
[1552]	83	!
[1683]	84	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	85	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	86	!
[1591]	87	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
	88	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
	89	!
[1586]	90	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
	91	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
	92	!
[1572]	93	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
	94	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
	95	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
	96	!
[1556]	97	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
	98	! Added output of r_a and r_s
	99	!
[1554]	100	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
	101	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
	102	! profile
	103	!
[1552]	104	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
[1551]	105	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
	106	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
	107	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
	108	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
	109	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
	110	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
	111	! calculation
[1496]	112	!
[1514]	113	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
[1496]	114	!
[1501]	115	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
	116	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
	117	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
	118	! Added support for dry runs.
	119	!
[1497]	120	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	121	! Initial revision
	122	!
[1496]	123	!
	124	! Description:
	125	! ------------
[1682]	126	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
	127	!> surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
	128	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
	129	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
	130	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
	131	!>
[1691]	132	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
[1709]	133	!> skin layer.
[1788]	134	!> @todo Improve surface water parameterization
[1691]	135	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
	136	!> nzt_soil=3)).
	137	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
	138	!> with considerable precipitation.
[1709]	139	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
[1682]	140	!>
[1709]	141	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
	142	!> become too thin.
[1496]	143	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	144	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
	145
[1691]	146	USE arrays_3d, &
[1849]	147	ONLY: hyp, ol, pt, pt_p, prr, q, q_p, ql, qsws, shf, ts, us, vpt, z0, &
	148	z0h, z0q
[1496]	149
[1691]	150	USE cloud_parameters, &
[1849]	151	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
[1496]	152
[1691]	153	USE control_parameters, &
	154	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
	155	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
[1817]	156	max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, &
	157	rho_surface, roughness_length, surface_pressure, &
	158	timestep_scheme, tsc, z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point
[1496]	159
[1691]	160	USE indices, &
	161	ONLY: nbgp, nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_s_inner
[1496]	162
[1691]	163	USE kinds
[1496]	164
[1691]	165	USE pegrid
[1496]	166
[1691]	167	USE radiation_model_mod, &
	168	ONLY: force_radiation_call, radiation_scheme, rad_net, rad_sw_in, &
[1757]	169	rad_lw_out, rad_lw_out_change_0, sigma_sb, &
	170	unscheduled_radiation_calls
[1691]	171
	172	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
	173	USE radiation_model_mod, &
[1709]	174	ONLY: rrtm_idrv
[1691]	175	#endif
[1496]	176
[1691]	177	USE statistics, &
	178	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
	179
[1496]	180	IMPLICIT NONE
	181
	182	!
	183	!-- LSM model constants
[1682]	184	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (to be switched)
	185	nzt_soil = 3, & !< top of the soil model (to be switched)
	186	nzs = 4 !< number of soil layers (fixed for now)
[1496]	187
	188	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
[1551]	189	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
	190	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
[1496]	191	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
	192	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
	193	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
[1551]	194	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
	195	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
[1496]	196	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
	197
	198
	199	!
	200	!-- LSM variables
[1788]	201	INTEGER(iwp) :: veg_type = 2, & !< NAMELIST veg_type_2d
	202	soil_type = 3 !< NAMELIST soil_type_2d
[1496]	203
[1788]	204	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: soil_type_2d, & !< soil type, 0: user-defined, 1-7: generic (see list)
	205	veg_type_2d !< vegetation type, 0: user-defined, 1-19: generic (see list)
	206
	207	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: water_surface, & !< flag parameter for water surfaces (classes 14+15)
	208	pave_surface, & !< flag parameter for pavements (asphalt etc.) (class 20)
	209	building_surface !< flag parameter indicating that the surface element is covered by buildings (no LSM actions, not implemented yet)
	210
[1691]	211	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
	212	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag parameter for unscheduled radiation model calls
	213	land_surface = .FALSE. !< flag parameter indicating wheather the lsm is used
[1496]	214
	215	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
	216	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
[1682]	217	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
	218	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
	219	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity
	220	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
	221	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
	222	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
	223	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
	224	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
	225	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
	226	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
[1691]	227	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil
[1682]	228	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
	229	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
	230	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
	231	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
	232	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
	233	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
	234	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
	235	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
[1788]	236	pave_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement
	237	pave_heat_capacity = 1.94E6_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads)
	238	pave_heat_conductivity = 1.00_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads)
[1682]	239	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
	240	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
	241	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
	242	rho_lv, & !< rho * l_v
	243	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
	244	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
[1691]	245	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
[1682]	246	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
	247	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
	248	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
[1788]	249	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
	250	z0q_eb = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
[1496]	251
[1551]	252	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: &
[1691]	253	ddz_soil_stag, & !< 1/dz_soil_stag
	254	dz_soil_stag, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
	255	root_extr = 0.0_wp, & !< root extraction
[1551]	256	root_fraction = (/9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp, &
[1682]	257	9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp /), & !< distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
	258	zs = (/0.07_wp, 0.28_wp, 1.00_wp, 2.89_wp/), & !< soil layer depths (m)
	259	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp !< soil moisture content (m3/m3)
[1496]	260
[1551]	261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) :: &
[1691]	262	soil_temperature = (/290.0_wp, 287.0_wp, 285.0_wp, 283.0_wp, & !< soil temperature (K)
	263	283.0_wp /), &
	264	ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
	265	dz_soil !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
[1496]	266
	267	#if defined( __nopointer )
[1682]	268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface, & !< surface temperature (K)
	269	t_surface_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K)
	270	m_liq_eb, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
	271	m_liq_eb_av, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
	272	m_liq_eb_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m)
[1496]	273	#else
[1551]	274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: t_surface, &
	275	t_surface_p, &
	276	m_liq_eb, &
	277	m_liq_eb_p
[1496]	278
[1551]	279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface_1, t_surface_2, &
	280	m_liq_eb_av, &
	281	m_liq_eb_1, m_liq_eb_2
[1496]	282	#endif
	283
	284	!
	285	!-- Temporal tendencies for time stepping
[1682]	286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tt_surface_m, & !< surface temperature tendency (K)
	287	tm_liq_eb_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m)
[1496]	288
	289	!
	290	!-- Energy balance variables
[1691]	291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1682]	292	alpha_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
	293	c_liq, & !< liquid water coverage (of vegetated area)
	294	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
	295	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
	296	c_veg, & !< vegetation coverage
	297	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
	298	f_sw_in, & !< fraction of absorbed shortwave radiation by the surface layer (not implemented yet)
	299	ghf_eb, & !< ground heat flux
	300	ghf_eb_av, & !< average of ghf_eb
	301	gamma_w_sat, & !< hydraulic conductivity at saturation
	302	g_d, & !< coefficient for dependence of r_canopy on water vapour pressure deficit
	303	lai, & !< leaf area index
	304	lai_av, & !< average of lai
[1691]	305	lambda_surface_s, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
	306	lambda_surface_u, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
[1682]	307	l_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
	308	m_fc, & !< soil moisture at field capacity (m3/m3)
	309	m_res, & !< residual soil moisture
	310	m_sat, & !< saturation soil moisture (m3/m3)
	311	m_wilt, & !< soil moisture at permanent wilting point (m3/m3)
	312	n_vg, & !< coef. Van Genuchten
	313	qsws_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (total)
	314	qsws_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_eb
	315	qsws_liq_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (liquid water portion)
	316	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_liq_eb
	317	qsws_soil_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (soil portion)
	318	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_soil_eb
	319	qsws_veg_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (vegetation portion)
	320	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_veg_eb
	321	rad_net_l, & !< local copy of rad_net (net radiation at surface)
	322	r_a, & !< aerodynamic resistance
[1709]	323	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
[1682]	324	r_canopy, & !< canopy resistance
[1691]	325	r_soil, & !< soil resistance
[1682]	326	r_soil_min, & !< minimum soil resistance
	327	r_s, & !< total surface resistance (combination of r_soil and r_canopy)
[1691]	328	r_s_av, & !< average of r_s
[1682]	329	r_canopy_min, & !< minimum canopy (stomatal) resistance
	330	shf_eb, & !< surface flux of sensible heat
	331	shf_eb_av !< average of shf_eb
[1496]	332
[1691]	333
[1496]	334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1788]	335	lambda_h, & !< heat conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
[1682]	336	lambda_w, & !< hydraulic diffusivity of soil (?)
[1788]	337	gamma_w, & !< hydraulic conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
[1682]	338	rho_c_total !< volumetric heat capacity of the actual soil matrix (?)
[1496]	339
	340	#if defined( __nopointer )
	341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
[1682]	342	t_soil, & !< Soil temperature (K)
	343	t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
	344	t_soil_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K)
	345	m_soil, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3)
	346	m_soil_av, & !< Average of m_soil
	347	m_soil_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3)
[1496]	348	#else
	349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: &
[1551]	350	t_soil, t_soil_p, &
[1496]	351	m_soil, m_soil_p
	352
	353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
[1551]	354	t_soil_av, t_soil_1, t_soil_2, &
	355	m_soil_av, m_soil_1, m_soil_2
[1496]	356	#endif
	357
	358
	359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1757]	360	tt_soil_m, & !< t_soil storage array
	361	tm_soil_m, & !< m_soil storage array
[1682]	362	root_fr !< root fraction (sum=1)
[1496]	363
[1551]	364
[1496]	365	!
[1551]	366	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
[1788]	367	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:20), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ &
[1590]	368	'user defined ', & ! 0
	369	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1
	370	'short grass ', & ! 2
[1585]	371	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
	372	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
[1590]	373	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5
	374	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
	375	'tall grass ', & ! 7
	376	'desert ', & ! 8
	377	'tundra ', & ! 9
	378	'irrigated crops ', & ! 10
	379	'semidesert ', & ! 11
	380	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12
	381	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13
	382	'inland water ', & ! 14
	383	'ocean ', & ! 15
	384	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16
	385	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17
	386	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18
[1788]	387	'interrupted forest ', & ! 19
	388	'pavements/roads ' & ! 20
[1585]	389	/)
[1496]	390
	391	!
[1551]	392	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
[1585]	393	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
	394	'user defined', & ! 0
[1590]	395	'coarse ', & ! 1
	396	'medium ', & ! 2
	397	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
	398	'fine ', & ! 4
	399	'very fine ', & ! 5
	400	'organic ', & ! 6
	401	'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7
[1585]	402	/)
[1551]	403	!
	404	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
	405
	406	!
	407	!-- Land surface parameters I
	408	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
[1788]	409	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1585]	410	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
	411	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
	412	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
	413	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
	414	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
	415	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
	416	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
	417	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	418	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
	419	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
	420	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
	421	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	422	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
	423	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	424	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	425	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
	426	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
	427	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
[1788]	428	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
	429	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
	430	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
[1496]	431
	432	!
[1788]	433	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h, z0q
	434	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
	435	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
	436	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
	437	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
	438	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
	439	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
	440	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
	441	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
	442	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
	443	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
	444	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
	445	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
	446	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
	447	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
	448	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	449	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	450	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
	451	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
	452	2.00_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, & ! 18
	453	1.10_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, & ! 19
	454	1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.0E-5_wp & ! 20
	455	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
[1496]	456
	457	!
[1551]	458	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
[1788]	459	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1585]	460	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
	461	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
	462	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
	463	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
	464	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
	465	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
	466	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
	467	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	468	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
	469	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
	470	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
	471	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	472	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
[1788]	473	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	474	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
[1585]	475	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
	476	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
	477	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
[1788]	478	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
	479	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
	480	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
[1496]	481
	482	!
	483	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4,
[1788]	484	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1585]	485	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 1
	486	0.35_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.23_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 2
	487	0.26_wp, 0.39_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.06_wp, & ! 3
	488	0.26_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 4
	489	0.24_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 5
	490	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.14_wp, & ! 6
	491	0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.09_wp, & ! 7
	492	1.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	493	0.47_wp, 0.45_wp, 0.08_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
	494	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 10
	495	0.17_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.33_wp, 0.19_wp, & ! 11
	496	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	497	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 13
	498	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	499	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	500	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 16
	501	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 17
	502	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 18
[1788]	503	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 19
	504	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
	505	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
[1496]	506
	507	!
	508	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
[1551]	509
[1496]	510	!
[1551]	511	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
[1585]	512	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1496]	513	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
	514	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
	515	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
	516	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
	517	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
[1551]	518	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
	519	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
	520	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
[1496]	521
	522	!
	523	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
[1585]	524	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1496]	525	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
	526	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
	527	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
	528	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
	529	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
[1551]	530	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
	531	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
	532	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
[1496]	533
	534
	535	SAVE
	536
	537
	538	PRIVATE
	539
[1817]	540
[1551]	541	!
[1817]	542	!-- Public functions
	543	PUBLIC lsm_check_data_output, lsm_check_data_output_pr, &
	544	lsm_check_parameters, lsm_energy_balance, lsm_header, lsm_init, &
[1826]	545	lsm_init_arrays, lsm_parin, lsm_soil_model, lsm_swap_timelevel
[1817]	546	!
[1551]	547	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
[1826]	548	PUBLIC land_surface, skip_time_do_lsm
[1496]	549
[1551]	550	!
[1783]	551	!-- Public grid variables
	552	PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs
[1496]	553
[1551]	554	!
	555	!-- Public 2D output variables
	556	PUBLIC c_liq, c_liq_av, c_soil_av, c_veg, c_veg_av, ghf_eb, ghf_eb_av, &
	557	lai, lai_av, qsws_eb, qsws_eb_av, qsws_liq_eb, qsws_liq_eb_av, &
	558	qsws_soil_eb, qsws_soil_eb_av, qsws_veg_eb, qsws_veg_eb_av, &
[1555]	559	r_a, r_a_av, r_s, r_s_av, shf_eb, shf_eb_av
[1551]	560
	561	!
	562	!-- Public prognostic variables
	563	PUBLIC m_liq_eb, m_liq_eb_av, m_soil, m_soil_av, t_soil, t_soil_av
	564
[1496]	565
[1817]	566	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
	567	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output
	568	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
	569
	570	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
	571	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output_pr
	572	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
	573
	574	INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
	575	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_parameters
	576	END INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
	577
[1496]	578	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
	579	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
	580	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
	581
[1817]	582	INTERFACE lsm_header
	583	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_header
	584	END INTERFACE lsm_header
	585
	586	INTERFACE lsm_init
	587	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init
	588	END INTERFACE lsm_init
	589
	590	INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
	591	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init_arrays
	592	END INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
	593
	594	INTERFACE lsm_parin
	595	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_parin
	596	END INTERFACE lsm_parin
	597
[1496]	598	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
	599	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
	600	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
	601
[1551]	602	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
	603	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
	604	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
[1496]	605
	606	CONTAINS
	607
	608	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	609	! Description:
	610	! ------------
[1817]	611	!> Check data output for land surface model
[1496]	612	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1817]	613	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output( var, unit, i, ilen, k )
	614
	615
	616	USE control_parameters, &
	617	ONLY: data_output, message_string
[1496]	618
	619	IMPLICIT NONE
	620
[1817]	621	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	622	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
[1496]	623
[1817]	624	INTEGER(iwp) :: i
	625	INTEGER(iwp) :: ilen
	626	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
[1496]	627
[1817]	628	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
[1496]	629
[1817]	630	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
	631	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	632	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	633	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	634	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	635	ENDIF
	636	unit = 'm3/m3'
	637
	638	CASE ( 't_soil' )
	639	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	640	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	641	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	642	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	643	ENDIF
	644	unit = 'K'
	645
[1826]	646	CASE ( 'lai', 'c_liq', 'c_soil', 'c_veg', 'ghf_eb', 'm_liq_eb',&
	647	'qsws_eb', 'qsws_liq_eb', 'qsws_soil_eb', 'qsws_veg_eb', &
[1817]	648	'r_a', 'r_s', 'shf_eb*' )
	649	IF ( k == 0 .OR. data_output(i)(ilen-2:ilen) /= '_xy' ) THEN
	650	message_string = 'illegal value for data_output: "' // &
	651	TRIM( var ) // '" & only 2d-horizontal ' // &
	652	'cross sections are allowed for this value'
	653	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0111', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	654	ENDIF
[1826]	655	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	656	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	657	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	658	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	659	ENDIF
[1817]	660	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	661	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	662	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	663	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	664	ENDIF
	665	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	666	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	667	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	668	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	669	ENDIF
	670	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	671	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	672	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	673	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	674	ENDIF
	675	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	676	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	677	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	678	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	679	ENDIF
	680	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	681	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	682	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	683	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	684	ENDIF
	685	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	686	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	687	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	688	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	689	ENDIF
	690	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
	691	THEN
	692	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	693	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	694	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	695	ENDIF
	696	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
	697	THEN
	698	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	699	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	700	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	701	ENDIF
	702	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
	703	THEN
	704	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	705	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	706	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	707	ENDIF
	708	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
	709	THEN
	710	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	711	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	712	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	713	ENDIF
	714	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
	715	THEN
	716	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	717	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	718	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	719	ENDIF
[1496]	720
[1826]	721	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' ) unit = 'none'
[1817]	722	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' ) unit = 'none'
	723	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*') unit = 'none'
	724	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' ) unit = 'none'
	725	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
	726	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'm'
	727	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
	728	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
	729	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
	730	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
	731	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*') unit = 's/m'
	732	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*') unit = 's/m'
	733	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'shf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
	734
	735	CASE DEFAULT
	736	unit = 'illegal'
[1500]	737
[1817]	738	END SELECT
[1551]	739
	740
[1817]	741	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output
[1551]	742
[1817]	743	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr( variable, var_count, unit, dopr_unit )
	744
	745	USE control_parameters, &
	746	ONLY: data_output_pr, message_string
[1551]	747
[1817]	748	USE indices
[1691]	749
[1817]	750	USE profil_parameter
[1551]	751
[1817]	752	USE statistics
[1551]	753
[1817]	754	IMPLICIT NONE
	755
	756	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	757	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	758	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: dopr_unit !< local value of dopr_unit
	759
	760	INTEGER(iwp) :: user_pr_index !<
	761	INTEGER(iwp) :: var_count !<
[1551]	762
[1817]	763	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	764
	765	CASE ( 't_soil', '#t_soil' )
	766	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	767	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
	768	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
	769	'not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
	770	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	771	ELSE
	772	dopr_index(var_count) = 89
	773	dopr_unit = 'K'
	774	hom(0:nzs-1,2,89,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
	775	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
	776	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 90
	777	hom(0:nzs-1,2,90,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
	778	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
	779	ENDIF
	780	unit = dopr_unit
	781	ENDIF
[1551]	782
[1817]	783	CASE ( 'm_soil', '#m_soil' )
	784	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	785	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
	786	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
	787	' not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
	788	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	789	ELSE
	790	dopr_index(var_count) = 91
	791	dopr_unit = 'm3/m3'
	792	hom(0:nzs-1,2,91,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
	793	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
	794	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 92
	795	hom(0:nzs-1,2,92,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
	796	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
	797	ENDIF
	798	unit = dopr_unit
	799	ENDIF
[1551]	800
	801
[1817]	802	CASE DEFAULT
	803	unit = 'illegal'
[1500]	804
[1817]	805	END SELECT
[1496]	806
	807
[1817]	808	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr
	809
	810
	811	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	812	! Description:
	813	! ------------
	814	!> Check parameters routine for land surface model
	815	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	816	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
[1496]	817
[1817]	818	USE control_parameters, &
	819	ONLY: bc_pt_b, bc_q_b, constant_flux_layer, message_string, &
	820	most_method, topography
	821
	822	USE radiation_model_mod, &
	823	ONLY: radiation
	824
	825
	826	IMPLICIT NONE
	827
	828
[1496]	829	!
[1817]	830	!-- Dirichlet boundary conditions are required as the surface fluxes are
	831	!-- calculated from the temperature/humidity gradients in the land surface
	832	!-- model
	833	IF ( bc_pt_b == 'neumann' .OR. bc_q_b == 'neumann' ) THEN
	834	message_string = 'lsm requires setting of'// &
	835	'bc_pt_b = "dirichlet" and '// &
	836	'bc_q_b = "dirichlet"'
	837	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0399', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	838	ENDIF
[1496]	839
[1817]	840	IF ( .NOT. constant_flux_layer ) THEN
	841	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
	842	'constant_flux_layer = .T.'
	843	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1496]	844	ENDIF
	845
[1817]	846	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
	847	message_string = 'lsm cannot be used ' // &
	848	'in combination with topography /= "flat"'
	849	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0415', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	850	ENDIF
[1496]	851
[1817]	852	IF ( ( veg_type == 14 .OR. veg_type == 15 ) .AND. &
	853	most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
	854	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'veg_type = ', veg_type, ' is not ', &
	855	'allowed in combination with ', &
	856	'most_method = ', most_method
	857	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	858	ENDIF
[1496]	859
[1817]	860	IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN
	861	IF ( SUM( root_fraction ) /= 1.0_wp ) THEN
	862	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	863	'requires setting of root_fraction(0:3)'// &
	864	'/= 9999999.9 and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
	865	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	866	ENDIF
[1551]	867
[1817]	868	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	869	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user defined)'// &
	870	'requires setting of min_canopy_resistance'// &
	871	'/= 9999999.9'
	872	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	873	ENDIF
	874
[1817]	875	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	876	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	877	'requires setting of leaf_area_index'// &
	878	'/= 9999999.9'
	879	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	880	ENDIF
	881
[1817]	882	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	883	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	884	'requires setting of vegetation_coverage'// &
	885	'/= 9999999.9'
	886	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	887	ENDIF
	888
[1817]	889	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp) THEN
	890	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	891	'requires setting of'// &
	892	'canopy_resistance_coefficient /= 9999999.9'
	893	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	894	ENDIF
	895
[1817]	896	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	897	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	898	'requires setting of lambda_surface_stable'// &
	899	'/= 9999999.9'
	900	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	901	ENDIF
	902
[1817]	903	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	904	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	905	'requires setting of lambda_surface_unstable'// &
	906	'/= 9999999.9'
	907	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	908	ENDIF
	909
[1817]	910	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	911	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	912	'requires setting of f_shortwave_incoming'// &
	913	'/= 9999999.9'
	914	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	915	ENDIF
	916
[1817]	917	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	918	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	919	'requires setting of z0_eb'// &
	920	'/= 9999999.9'
	921	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	922	ENDIF
	923
[1817]	924	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	925	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	926	'requires setting of z0h_eb'// &
	927	'/= 9999999.9'
	928	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	929	ENDIF
[1496]	930
[1551]	931
	932	ENDIF
	933
[1817]	934	IF ( soil_type == 0 ) THEN
[1496]	935
[1817]	936	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	937	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	938	'requires setting of alpha_vangenuchten'// &
	939	'/= 9999999.9'
	940	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	941	ENDIF
[1817]	942
	943	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	944	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	945	'requires setting of l_vangenuchten'// &
	946	'/= 9999999.9'
	947	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	948	ENDIF
[1817]	949
	950	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	951	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	952	'requires setting of n_vangenuchten'// &
	953	'/= 9999999.9'
	954	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	955	ENDIF
[1817]	956
	957	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	958	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	959	'requires setting of hydraulic_conductivity'// &
	960	'/= 9999999.9'
	961	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	962	ENDIF
[1817]	963
	964	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	965	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	966	'requires setting of saturation_moisture'// &
	967	'/= 9999999.9'
	968	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	969	ENDIF
[1817]	970
	971	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	972	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	973	'requires setting of field_capacity'// &
	974	'/= 9999999.9'
	975	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	976	ENDIF
[1496]	977
[1817]	978	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	979	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	980	'requires setting of wilting_point'// &
	981	'/= 9999999.9'
	982	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	983	ENDIF
[1496]	984
[1817]	985	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	986	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	987	'requires setting of residual_moisture'// &
	988	'/= 9999999.9'
	989	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1553]	990	ENDIF
	991
[1496]	992	ENDIF
	993
[1817]	994	IF ( .NOT. radiation ) THEN
	995	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
	996	'radiation = .T.'
	997	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1788]	998	ENDIF
[1817]	999
	1000
	1001	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
	1002
[1496]	1003	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1004	! Description:
	1005	! ------------
[1682]	1006	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
[1496]	1007	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1008	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
	1009
	1010
	1011	IMPLICIT NONE
	1012
[1682]	1013	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1014	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1015	INTEGER(iwp) :: k, ks !< running index
[1496]	1016
[1788]	1017	REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface
	1018	f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
[1682]	1019	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
	1020	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
	1021	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
	1022	e, & !< water vapour pressure
	1023	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
	1024	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
	1025	tend, & !< tendency
	1026	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
	1027	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
	1028	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
	1029	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws_eb
	1030	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg_eb
	1031	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil_eb
	1032	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq_eb
	1033	f_shf, & !< factor for shf_eb
	1034	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface
[1691]	1035	m_liq_eb_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
[1709]	1036	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
	1037	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
[1496]	1038
	1039	!
	1040	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
	1041	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1042
[1691]	1043	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1044	DO j = nysg, nyng
[1500]	1045	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
[1496]	1046
	1047	!
[1788]	1048	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification between skin layer and soil
	1049	IF ( .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	1050
	1051	c_surface_tmp = c_surface
	1052
	1053	IF ( t_surface(j,i) >= t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)) THEN
	1054	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_s(j,i)
	1055	ELSE
	1056	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_u(j,i)
	1057	ENDIF
[1496]	1058	ELSE
[1788]	1059
	1060	c_surface_tmp = pave_heat_capacity * dz_soil(nzb_soil) * 0.5_wp
	1061	lambda_surface = pave_heat_conductivity * ddz_soil(nzb_soil)
	1062
[1496]	1063	ENDIF
[1500]	1064
[1496]	1065	!
[1500]	1066	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
	1067	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
	1068	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
	1069	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
[1691]	1070	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
[1709]	1071	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
	1072	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i)
[1691]	1073	ELSE
[1709]	1074	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
	1075	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i)
[1691]	1076	ENDIF
[1496]	1077
[1709]	1078	r_a(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / (ts(j,i) * us(j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp)
[1691]	1079
[1496]	1080	!
[1856]	1081	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero for neutral
	1082	!-- stratification
	1083	IF ( ABS(r_a(j,i)) < 1.0_wp ) r_a(j,i) = 1.0_wp
[1709]	1084
	1085	!
[1496]	1086	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
	1087	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
	1088
[1551]	1089	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
	1090	!-- night)
[1585]	1091	IF ( radiation_scheme /= 'constant' ) THEN
[1709]	1092	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) + 0.05_wp ) / &
	1093	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) &
[1585]	1094	+ 1.0_wp)) )
[1551]	1095	ELSE
	1096	f1 = 1.0_wp
	1097	ENDIF
[1496]	1098
[1709]	1099
[1496]	1100	!
[1551]	1101	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
	1102	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
	1103	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
[1496]	1104	m_total = 0.0_wp
[1691]	1105	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1551]	1106	m_total = m_total + root_fr(ks,j,i) &
	1107	* MAX(m_soil(ks,j,i),m_wilt(j,i))
[1496]	1108	ENDDO
	1109
[1788]	1110	IF ( m_total > m_wilt(j,i) .AND. m_total < m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
[1496]	1111	f2 = ( m_total - m_wilt(j,i) ) / (m_fc(j,i) - m_wilt(j,i) )
[1691]	1112	ELSEIF ( m_total >= m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
[1551]	1113	f2 = 1.0_wp
[1496]	1114	ELSE
	1115	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
	1116	ENDIF
	1117
	1118	!
	1119	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
[1551]	1120	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) &
	1121	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
[1496]	1122
	1123	!
	1124	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
[1551]	1125	IF ( g_d(j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1496]	1126	!
	1127	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
[1709]	1128	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
[1551]	1129	f3 = EXP ( -g_d(j,i) * (e_s - e) )
[1496]	1130	ELSE
	1131	f3 = 1.0_wp
	1132	ENDIF
	1133
	1134	!
[1551]	1135	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
	1136	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
[1496]	1137	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
[1551]	1138	r_canopy(j,i) = r_canopy_min(j,i) / (lai(j,i) * f1 * f2 * f3 &
	1139	+ 1.0E-20_wp)
[1496]	1140
	1141	!
[1551]	1142	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
	1143	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
[1788]	1144	IF ( soil_type_2d(j,i) /= 7 ) THEN
[1551]	1145	m_min = c_veg(j,i) * m_wilt(j,i) + (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) * &
	1146	m_res(j,i)
	1147	ELSE
	1148	m_min = m_wilt(j,i)
	1149	ENDIF
[1496]	1150
[1551]	1151	f2 = ( m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) - m_min ) / ( m_fc(j,i) - m_min )
[1513]	1152	f2 = MAX(f2,1.0E-20_wp)
[1551]	1153	f2 = MIN(f2,1.0_wp)
[1496]	1154
	1155	r_soil(j,i) = r_soil_min(j,i) / f2
	1156
	1157	!
[1788]	1158	!-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and
	1159	!-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is
	1160	!-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The
	1161	!-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after
	1162	!-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for
	1163	!-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils.
	1164	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	1165	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp
	1166	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, (m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max)**0.67 )
	1167	ELSE
	1168	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * ( c_veg(j,i) * lai(j,i) &
	1169	+ (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) )
	1170	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max )
	1171	ENDIF
[1496]	1172
[1551]	1173	!
	1174	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
[1496]	1175	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
[1500]	1176
	1177	!
[1551]	1178	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
	1179	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
[1788]	1180	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
[1551]	1181	r_canopy(j,i) = 0.0_wp
	1182	r_soil(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1691]	1183	ENDIF
[1496]	1184
	1185	!
	1186	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
[1788]	1187	!-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero.
	1188	!-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible.
	1189	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	1190	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
	1191	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
	1192	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / r_a(j,i)
	1193	ELSEIF ( pave_surface (j,i) ) THEN
	1194	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
	1195	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
	1196	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
	1197	ELSE
	1198	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * (1.0_wp - c_liq(j,i))/ &
	1199	(r_a(j,i) + r_canopy(j,i))
	1200	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) / (r_a(j,i) + &
[1551]	1201	r_soil(j,i))
[1788]	1202	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
	1203	ENDIF
[1500]	1204	!
	1205	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
	1206	!-- transpirate.
[1691]	1207	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) < m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
[1551]	1208	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
	1209	! ENDIF
[1496]	1210
[1551]	1211	f_shf = rho_cp / r_a(j,i)
	1212	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
	1213
	1214	!
[1496]	1215	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
[1571]	1216	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp) - &
[1551]	1217	17.269_wp*(t_surface(j,i) - 273.16_wp) &
	1218	/ (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
[1496]	1219
[1571]	1220	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
[1496]	1221
	1222	!
	1223	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
[1691]	1224	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
[1496]	1225
[1788]	1226	!
	1227	!-- Calculate new skin temperature
[1500]	1228	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1691]	1229	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
[1496]	1230	!
[1500]	1231	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1232	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1233	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1234	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1235	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) + lambda_surface &
[1551]	1236	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
[1496]	1237
	1238	!
[1500]	1239	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1240	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
[1691]	1241	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
	1242	#else
[1496]	1243
[1691]	1244	!
	1245	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
	1246	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
	1247	* t_surface(j,i) ** 4 &
[1709]	1248	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 &
[1691]	1249	- q_s + dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) &
	1250	+ lambda_surface * t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
	1251
	1252	!
[1709]	1253	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
	1254	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 + f_qsws &
	1255	* dq_s_dt + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
[1691]	1256
	1257	#endif
[1500]	1258	ELSE
	1259
[1691]	1260	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
[1500]	1261	!
	1262	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1263	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1264	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1265	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
[1551]	1266	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
[1500]	1267
	1268	!
	1269	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1270	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
[1691]	1271	#else
	1272
	1273	!
	1274	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
	1275	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
[1709]	1276	* t_surface(j,i) ** 4 + f_shf * pt1 &
[1691]	1277	+ lambda_surface * t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
	1278
	1279	!
	1280	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
[1571]	1281	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 &
[1551]	1282	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
[1691]	1283	#endif
[1500]	1284	ENDIF
	1285
[1496]	1286	tend = 0.0_wp
	1287
	1288	!
[1551]	1289	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
[1496]	1290	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
[1788]	1291	t_surface_p(j,i) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp * &
	1292	t_surface(j,i) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2 &
	1293	* dt_3d * tsc(2) )
	1294
[1496]	1295	!
	1296	!-- Add RK3 term
[1788]	1297	IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1496]	1298
[1691]	1299	t_surface_p(j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) + dt_3d * tsc(3) &
	1300	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
	1301
[1496]	1302	!
[1691]	1303	!-- Calculate true tendency
	1304	tend = (t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) - dt_3d * tsc(3) &
	1305	* tt_surface_m(j,i)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
[1496]	1306	!
[1691]	1307	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
	1308	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1309	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
	1310	tt_surface_m(j,i) = tend
	1311	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1312	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1313	tt_surface_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
	1314	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
	1315	ENDIF
[1496]	1316	ENDIF
	1317	ENDIF
	1318
	1319	!
[1757]	1320	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
	1321	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
	1322	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
	1323	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
	1324	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
	1325	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
	1326	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
	1327	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
[1788]	1328	IF ( ABS( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
[1757]	1329	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
[1691]	1330	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
	1331	ENDIF
	1332
	1333	pt(k,j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) / exn
	1334
	1335	!
[1496]	1336	!-- Calculate fluxes
[1691]	1337	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
[1709]	1338	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1339	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1340	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * t_surface_p(j,i)
[1691]	1341
	1342	IF ( rrtm_idrv == 1 ) THEN
	1343	rad_net(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i)
	1344	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1345	+ rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1346	* ( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) )
	1347	ENDIF
	1348	#else
	1349	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
	1350	* t_surface(j,i)*4 - 4.0_wp sigma_sb &
	1351	* t_surface(j,i)*3 t_surface_p(j,i)
	1352	#endif
	1353
[1551]	1354	ghf_eb(j,i) = lambda_surface * (t_surface_p(j,i) &
	1355	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i))
[1496]	1356
[1709]	1357	shf_eb(j,i) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - pt(k,j,i) )
[1691]	1358
	1359	shf(j,i) = shf_eb(j,i) / rho_cp
	1360
[1500]	1361	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1709]	1362	qsws_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
[1571]	1363	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) )
[1496]	1364
[1691]	1365	qsws(j,i) = qsws_eb(j,i) / rho_lv
	1366
[1709]	1367	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1368	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1369	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
	1370
[1709]	1371	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1372	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1373	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
	1374
[1709]	1375	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1376	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1377	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
[1500]	1378	ENDIF
[1788]	1379
[1500]	1380	!
	1381	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
[1691]	1382	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1551]	1383	r_s(j,i) = 1.0E10_wp
[1496]	1384	ELSE
[1788]	1385	r_s(j,i) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
[1571]	1386	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) ) &
[1551]	1387	/ qsws_eb(j,i) - r_a(j,i)
[1496]	1388	ENDIF
	1389
	1390	!
	1391	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
[1500]	1392	!-- evaporation of liquid water
	1393	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1496]	1394	!
[1571]	1395	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb
	1396	!-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage.
[1500]	1397	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
	1398	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
[1571]	1399
	1400	!
	1401	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
[1788]	1402	!-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of
	1403	!-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed
	1404	!-- as runoff as qsws_soil_eb is then not used in the soil model
[1691]	1405	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) /= m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
[1571]	1406	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) &
[1691]	1407	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
[1571]	1408	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
	1409	ELSE
	1410	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
[1691]	1411	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
[1571]	1412	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
	1413	ENDIF
	1414
	1415	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
	1416	!-- coverage.
	1417	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) * (1.0_wp &
[1691]	1418	- c_veg(j,i)) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
[1571]	1419	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
[1496]	1420	ENDIF
[1691]	1421
[1500]	1422	!
	1423	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
[1691]	1424	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1425
[1500]	1426	!
[1551]	1427	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
	1428	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
	1429	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
	1430	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
[1691]	1431	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) == m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
[1551]	1432	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
	1433	+ qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
	1434	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1500]	1435	ENDIF
[1496]	1436
	1437	!
[1551]	1438	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
	1439	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
[1500]	1440	!-- plant
[1691]	1441	IF ( qsws_veg_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1551]	1442	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
	1443	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1500]	1444	ENDIF
	1445	ENDIF
[1496]	1446
[1551]	1447	tend = - qsws_liq_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv
[1496]	1448
[1551]	1449	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = m_liq_eb(j,i) + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend &
	1450	+ tsc(3) * tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) )
[1496]	1451
	1452	!
[1500]	1453	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
	1454	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
[1551]	1455	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MIN(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),m_liq_eb_max)
[1496]	1456
	1457	!
[1500]	1458	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
	1459	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
[1551]	1460	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MAX(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),0.0_wp)
[1496]	1461
	1462
	1463	!
[1551]	1464	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
[1500]	1465	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1466	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
[1551]	1467	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = tend
[1500]	1468	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1469	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
[1551]	1470	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
	1471	* tm_liq_eb_m(j,i)
[1500]	1472	ENDIF
[1496]	1473	ENDIF
	1474
[1500]	1475	ENDIF
	1476
[1496]	1477	ENDDO
[1500]	1478	ENDDO
[1496]	1479
[1691]	1480	!
	1481	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
[1757]	1482	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
[1788]	1483	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
[1757]	1484	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
[1697]	1485	#if defined( __parallel )
[1691]	1486	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	1487	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
	1488	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
	1489	#else
	1490	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
	1491	#endif
	1492	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
	1493	ENDIF
	1494
[1788]	1495	!
	1496	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
	1497	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1498	CALL calc_q_surface
	1499	ENDIF
[1691]	1500
[1788]	1501	!
	1502	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
	1503	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
	1504
	1505
[1496]	1506	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
	1507
[1817]	1508	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1509	! Description:
	1510	! ------------
	1511	!> Header output for land surface model
	1512	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1513	SUBROUTINE lsm_header ( io )
[1496]	1514
[1817]	1515
	1516	IMPLICIT NONE
	1517
	1518	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: t_soil_chr !< String for soil temperature profile
	1519	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: roots_chr !< String for root profile
	1520	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: vertical_index_chr !< String for the vertical index
	1521	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: m_soil_chr !< String for soil moisture
	1522	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: soil_depth_chr !< String for soil depth
	1523	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !< Temporary string
	1524
	1525	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< Loop index over soil layers
	1526
	1527	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	1528
	1529	t_soil_chr = ''
	1530	m_soil_chr = ''
	1531	soil_depth_chr = ''
	1532	roots_chr = ''
	1533	vertical_index_chr = ''
	1534
	1535	i = 1
	1536	DO i = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1537	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_temperature(i)
	1538	t_soil_chr = TRIM( t_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	1539
	1540	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_moisture(i)
	1541	m_soil_chr = TRIM( m_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	1542
	1543	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') - zs(i)
	1544	soil_depth_chr = TRIM( soil_depth_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	1545
	1546	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') root_fraction(i)
	1547	roots_chr = TRIM( roots_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	1548
	1549	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I10,7X)') i
	1550	vertical_index_chr = TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) // ' ' // &
	1551	TRIM( coor_chr )
	1552	ENDDO
	1553
	1554	!
	1555	!-- Write land surface model header
	1556	WRITE( io, 1 )
	1557	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
	1558	WRITE( io, 2 )
	1559	ELSE
	1560	WRITE( io, 3 )
	1561	ENDIF
	1562
	1563	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( veg_type_name(veg_type) ), &
	1564	TRIM (soil_type_name(soil_type) )
	1565	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( soil_depth_chr ), TRIM( t_soil_chr ), &
	1566	TRIM( m_soil_chr ), TRIM( roots_chr ), &
	1567	TRIM( vertical_index_chr )
	1568
	1569	1 FORMAT (//' Land surface model information:'/ &
	1570	' ------------------------------'/)
[1826]	1571	2 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is closed (water content is conserved', &
	1572	', default)')
	1573	3 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is open (water content is not conserved)')
	1574	4 FORMAT (' --> Land surface type : ',A,/ &
	1575	' --> Soil porosity type : ',A)
[1817]	1576	5 FORMAT (/' Initial soil temperature and moisture profile:'// &
	1577	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	1578	' Temperature: ',A,' K'/ &
	1579	' Moisture: ',A,' m3/m3'/ &
	1580	' Root fraction: ',A,' '/ &
[1826]	1581	' Grid point: ',A)
[1817]	1582
	1583	END SUBROUTINE lsm_header
	1584
	1585
[1496]	1586	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1587	! Description:
	1588	! ------------
[1817]	1589	!> Initialization of the land surface model
	1590	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1591	SUBROUTINE lsm_init
	1592
	1593
	1594	IMPLICIT NONE
	1595
	1596	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1597	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1598	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
	1599
	1600	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
	1601
	1602
	1603	!
	1604	!-- Calculate Exner function
	1605	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1606
	1607
	1608	!
	1609	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
	1610	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
	1611	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
	1612	ENDIF
	1613
	1614	!
	1615	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
	1616	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
	1617	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
	1618	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
	1619	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
	1620
	1621	!
	1622	!-- Set inital values for prognostic quantities
	1623	tt_surface_m = 0.0_wp
	1624	tt_soil_m = 0.0_wp
	1625	tm_soil_m = 0.0_wp
	1626	tm_liq_eb_m = 0.0_wp
	1627	c_liq = 0.0_wp
	1628
	1629	ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
	1630	shf_eb = rho_cp * shf
	1631
	1632	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1826]	1633	qsws_eb = rho_lv * qsws
[1817]	1634	ELSE
	1635	qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
	1636	ENDIF
	1637
	1638	qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
	1639	qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
	1640	qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
	1641
	1642	r_a = 50.0_wp
	1643	r_s = 50.0_wp
	1644	r_canopy = 0.0_wp
	1645	r_soil = 0.0_wp
	1646
	1647	!
	1648	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
	1649	ALLOCATE ( root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1650	ALLOCATE ( lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1651	ALLOCATE ( rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1652
	1653	lambda_h = 0.0_wp
	1654	!
	1655	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
	1656	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1657	ALLOCATE ( lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1658	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1659
	1660	lambda_w = 0.0_wp
	1661	ENDIF
	1662
	1663	!
	1664	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
	1665	!-- the edges of the soil layers (_stag), whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
	1666	!-- at the centers
	1667	dz_soil(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
	1668
	1669	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
	1670	dz_soil(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
	1671	ENDDO
	1672	dz_soil(nzt_soil+1) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
	1673
	1674	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
	1675	dz_soil_stag(k) = 0.5_wp * (dz_soil(k+1) + dz_soil(k))
	1676	ENDDO
	1677	dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
	1678
	1679	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
	1680	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
	1681
	1682	!
	1683	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
	1684	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
	1685	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
	1686	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
	1687
	1688	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1689	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
	1690	ENDIF
	1691
	1692	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1693	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
	1694	ENDIF
	1695
	1696	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1697	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
	1698	ENDIF
	1699
	1700	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1701	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
	1702	ENDIF
	1703
	1704	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1705	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
	1706	ENDIF
	1707
	1708	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1709	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
	1710	ENDIF
	1711
	1712	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1713	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
	1714	ENDIF
	1715
	1716	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1717	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
	1718	ENDIF
	1719
	1720	ENDIF
	1721
	1722	!
	1723	!-- Map values to the respective 2D arrays
	1724	alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
	1725	l_vg = l_vangenuchten
	1726	n_vg = n_vangenuchten
	1727	gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
	1728	m_sat = saturation_moisture
	1729	m_fc = field_capacity
	1730	m_wilt = wilting_point
	1731	m_res = residual_moisture
	1732	r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
	1733
	1734	!
	1735	!-- Initial run actions
	1736	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	1737
	1738	t_soil = 0.0_wp
	1739	m_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
	1740	m_soil = 0.0_wp
	1741
	1742	!
	1743	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
	1744	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
	1745	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
	1746	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1747	t_soil(k,:,:) = soil_temperature(k)
	1748	m_soil(k,:,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),m_wilt(:,:))
	1749	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
	1750	ENDDO
	1751	t_soil(nzt_soil+1,:,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
	1752
	1753	!
	1754	!-- Calculate surface temperature
	1755	t_surface = pt_surface * exn
	1756
	1757	!
	1758	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
	1759	!-- for the first time step
	1760	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1761	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1762	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	1763
	1764	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	1765	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
	1766	ELSE
	1767	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
	1768	ENDIF
	1769
	1770	!
	1771	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
	1772	IF ( pt1 == pt(k,j,i) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
	1773
	1774	us(j,i) = 0.1_wp
	1775	ts(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / r_a(j,i)
	1776	shf(j,i) = - us(j,i) * ts(j,i)
	1777	ENDDO
	1778	ENDDO
	1779
	1780	!
	1781	!-- Actions for restart runs
	1782	ELSE
	1783
	1784	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1785	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1786	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	1787	t_surface(j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * exn
	1788	ENDDO
	1789	ENDDO
	1790
	1791	ENDIF
	1792
	1793	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1794	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_fraction(k)
	1795	ENDDO
	1796
	1797	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
	1798	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1799	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
	1800	ENDIF
	1801	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1802	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
	1803	ENDIF
	1804	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1805	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
	1806	ENDIF
	1807	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1808	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
	1809	ENDIF
	1810	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1811	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
	1812	ENDIF
	1813	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1814	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
	1815	ENDIF
	1816	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1817	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
	1818	ENDIF
	1819	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1820	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
	1821	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
	1822	ENDIF
	1823	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1824	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
	1825	ENDIF
	1826	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1827	z0q_eb = roughness_par(2,veg_type)
	1828	ENDIF
	1829	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / ( z0_eb + 1.0E-20_wp )
	1830
	1831	IF ( ANY( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
	1832	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1833	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
	1834	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
	1835	ENDDO
	1836	ENDIF
	1837
	1838	ELSE
	1839
	1840	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1841	z0_eb = roughness_length
	1842	ENDIF
	1843	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1844	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
	1845	ENDIF
	1846	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1847	z0q_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
	1848	ENDIF
	1849
	1850	ENDIF
	1851
	1852	!
	1853	!-- For surfaces covered with pavement, set depth of the pavement (with dry
	1854	!-- soil below). The depth must be greater than the first soil layer depth
	1855	IF ( veg_type == 20 ) THEN
	1856	IF ( pave_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1857	pave_depth = zs(nzb_soil)
	1858	ELSE
	1859	pave_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pave_depth )
	1860	ENDIF
	1861	ENDIF
	1862
	1863	!
	1864	!-- Map vegetation and soil types to 2D array to allow for heterogeneous
	1865	!-- surfaces via user interface see below
	1866	veg_type_2d = veg_type
	1867	soil_type_2d = soil_type
	1868
	1869	!
	1870	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
	1871	r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
	1872	lai = leaf_area_index
	1873	c_veg = vegetation_coverage
	1874	g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
	1875	lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
	1876	lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
	1877	f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
	1878	z0 = z0_eb
	1879	z0h = z0h_eb
	1880	z0q = z0q_eb
	1881
	1882	!
	1883	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
	1884	CALL user_init_land_surface
	1885
	1886	!
	1887	!-- Set flag parameter if vegetation type was set to a water surface. Also
	1888	!-- set temperature to a constant value in all "soil" layers.
	1889	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1890	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1891	IF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 14 .OR. veg_type_2d(j,i) == 15 ) THEN
	1892	water_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
[1856]	1893	t_soil(:,j,i) = t_surface(j,i)
[1817]	1894	ELSEIF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 20 ) THEN
	1895	pave_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
	1896	m_soil(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
	1897	ENDIF
	1898
	1899	ENDDO
	1900	ENDDO
	1901
	1902	!
	1903	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
	1904	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
	1905
	1906	t_soil_p = t_soil
	1907	m_soil_p = m_soil
	1908	m_liq_eb_p = m_liq_eb
	1909	t_surface_p = t_surface
	1910
	1911
	1912
	1913	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
	1914	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
	1915	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
	1916	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
	1917	statistic_regions+1 )
	1918	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
	1919	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
	1920	statistic_regions+1 )
	1921
	1922	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init
	1923
	1924
	1925	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1926	! Description:
	1927	! ------------
	1928	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
	1929	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1930	SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
	1931
	1932
	1933	IMPLICIT NONE
	1934
	1935	!
	1936	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity
	1937	#if defined( __nopointer )
	1938	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1939	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1940	ALLOCATE ( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1941	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1942	ALLOCATE ( t_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1943	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1944	ALLOCATE ( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1945	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1946	#else
	1947	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1948	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1949	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1950	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1951	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1952	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1953	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1954	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1955	#endif
	1956
	1957	!
	1958	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
	1959	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1960	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1961	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1962	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1963
	1964	!
	1965	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
	1966	ALLOCATE ( alpha_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1967	ALLOCATE ( building_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1968	ALLOCATE ( c_liq(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1969	ALLOCATE ( c_veg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1970	ALLOCATE ( f_sw_in(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1971	ALLOCATE ( ghf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1972	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1973	ALLOCATE ( g_d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1974	ALLOCATE ( lai(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1975	ALLOCATE ( l_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1976	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_u(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1977	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1978	ALLOCATE ( m_fc(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1979	ALLOCATE ( m_res(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1980	ALLOCATE ( m_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1981	ALLOCATE ( m_wilt(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1982	ALLOCATE ( n_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1983	ALLOCATE ( pave_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1984	ALLOCATE ( qsws_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1985	ALLOCATE ( qsws_soil_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1986	ALLOCATE ( qsws_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1987	ALLOCATE ( qsws_veg_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1988	ALLOCATE ( rad_net_l(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1989	ALLOCATE ( r_a(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1990	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1991	ALLOCATE ( r_soil(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1992	ALLOCATE ( r_soil_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1993	ALLOCATE ( r_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1994	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1995	ALLOCATE ( shf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1996	ALLOCATE ( soil_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1997	ALLOCATE ( veg_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1998	ALLOCATE ( water_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1999
	2000	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
	2001	!
	2002	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
	2003	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
	2004	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
	2005	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
	2006	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
	2007	#endif
	2008
	2009
	2010	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
	2011
	2012
	2013	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2014	! Description:
	2015	! ------------
	2016	!> Parin for &lsmpar for land surface model
	2017	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2018	SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
	2019
	2020
	2021	IMPLICIT NONE
	2022
	2023	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	2024
	2025	NAMELIST /lsm_par/ alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, &
	2026	canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
	2027	conserve_water_content, &
	2028	f_shortwave_incoming, field_capacity, &
	2029	hydraulic_conductivity, &
	2030	lambda_surface_stable, &
	2031	lambda_surface_unstable, leaf_area_index, &
	2032	l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
	2033	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, &
	2034	pave_depth, pave_heat_capacity, &
	2035	pave_heat_conductivity, &
	2036	residual_moisture, root_fraction, &
	2037	saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
	2038	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, &
	2039	vegetation_coverage, veg_type, wilting_point,&
	2040	zs, z0_eb, z0h_eb, z0q_eb
	2041
	2042	line = ' '
	2043
	2044	!
	2045	!-- Try to find land surface model package
	2046	REWIND ( 11 )
	2047	line = ' '
	2048	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&lsm_par' ) == 0 )
	2049	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	2050	ENDDO
	2051	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	2052
	2053	!
	2054	!-- Read user-defined namelist
	2055	READ ( 11, lsm_par )
	2056
	2057	!
	2058	!-- Set flag that indicates that the land surface model is switched on
	2059	land_surface = .TRUE.
	2060
	2061	10 CONTINUE
	2062
	2063
	2064	END SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
	2065
	2066
	2067	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2068	! Description:
	2069	! ------------
[1682]	2070	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
	2071	!> temperature and water content.
[1496]	2072	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2073	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
	2074
	2075
	2076	IMPLICIT NONE
	2077
[1682]	2078	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2079	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2080	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1496]	2081
[1682]	2082	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
[1496]	2083
[1682]	2084	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
[1691]	2085	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
	2086	tend !< tendency
[1496]	2087
[1691]	2088	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2089	DO j = nysg, nyng
[1788]	2090
	2091	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	2092	rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
	2093	lambda_temp(nzb_soil) = pave_heat_conductivity
	2094	ENDIF
	2095
	2096	IF ( .NOT. water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	2097	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2098
	2099
	2100	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) <= pave_depth ) THEN
	2101
	2102	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
	2103	lambda_temp(k) = pave_heat_conductivity
	2104
	2105	ELSE
[1496]	2106	!
[1788]	2107	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking
	2108	!-- into account water content
	2109	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = (rho_c_soil * (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) &
	2110	+ rho_c_water * m_soil(k,j,i))
[1496]	2111
	2112	!
[1788]	2113	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
	2114	!-- layers
	2115	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm ** (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) * &
	2116	lambda_h_water ** m_soil(k,j,i)
[1691]	2117
[1817]	2118	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10(MAX(0.1_wp,m_soil(k,j,i) &
	2119	/ m_sat(j,i)))
[1691]	2120
[1788]	2121	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
	2122	lambda_h_dry
	2123	ENDIF
[1496]	2124
[1788]	2125	ENDDO
[1496]	2126
	2127	!
[1788]	2128	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
	2129	!-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the
	2130	!-- true pavement depth is considered
	2131	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
	2132	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) < pave_depth &
	2133	.AND. zs(k+1) > pave_depth ) THEN
	2134	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) / dz_soil(k+1) &
	2135	* lambda_temp(k) &
	2136	+ ( 1.0_wp - ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) &
	2137	/ dz_soil(k+1) ) * lambda_temp(k+1)
	2138	ELSE
	2139	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
	2140	* 0.5_wp
	2141	ENDIF
	2142	ENDDO
	2143	lambda_h(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
[1496]	2144
[1788]	2145
	2146
	2147
[1496]	2148	!
[1788]	2149	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
	2150	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
[1496]	2151
[1788]	2152	tend(nzb_soil) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i)) * &
	2153	( lambda_h(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( t_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) &
	2154	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) &
	2155	+ ghf_eb(j,i) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
[1691]	2156
[1788]	2157	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
	2158	tend(k) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(k,j,i)) &
	2159	* ( lambda_h(k,j,i) &
	2160	* ( t_soil(k+1,j,i) - t_soil(k,j,i) ) &
	2161	* ddz_soil(k+1) &
	2162	- lambda_h(k-1,j,i) &
	2163	* ( t_soil(k,j,i) - t_soil(k-1,j,i) ) &
	2164	* ddz_soil(k) &
	2165	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
[1691]	2166
[1788]	2167	ENDDO
[1691]	2168
[1788]	2169	t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
	2170	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
	2171	* tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) &
	2172	+ tsc(3) &
	2173	* tt_soil_m(:,j,i) )
[1496]	2174
	2175	!
[1788]	2176	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
	2177	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	2178	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
	2179	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2180	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
	2181	ENDDO
	2182	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	2183	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	2184	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2185	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
[1551]	2186	* tt_soil_m(k,j,i)
[1788]	2187	ENDDO
	2188	ENDIF
[1496]	2189	ENDIF
	2190
	2191
[1788]	2192	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1551]	2193
[1496]	2194	!
[1788]	2195	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
	2196	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * gamma_w_sat(j,i) * psi_sat &
	2197	/ m_sat(j,i) ) * ( MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), &
	2198	m_wilt(j,i) ) / m_sat(j,i) )**( &
	2199	b_ch + 2.0_wp )
[1496]	2200
	2201	!
[1788]	2202	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
	2203	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
[1551]	2204	!
[1788]	2205	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
	2206	!-- (1980)
	2207	h_vg = ( ( (m_res(j,i) - m_sat(j,i)) / ( m_res(j,i) - &
	2208	MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), m_wilt(j,i) ) ) )**( &
	2209	n_vg(j,i) / (n_vg(j,i) - 1.0_wp ) ) - 1.0_wp &
	2210	)**( 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) / alpha_vg(j,i)
[1496]	2211
[1691]	2212
[1788]	2213	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( ( (1.0_wp + &
	2214	( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )n_vg(j,i))( &
	2215	1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) - ( &
	2216	alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )**( n_vg(j,i) &
	2217	- 1.0_wp) )**2 ) &
	2218	/ ( ( 1.0_wp + ( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg &
	2219	)n_vg(j,i) )( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp &
	2220	/ n_vg(j,i) ) *( l_vg(j,i) + 2.0_wp) ) )
[1496]	2221
[1551]	2222	!
[1788]	2223	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
	2224	ELSE
	2225	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( m_soil(k,j,i) &
	2226	/ m_sat(j,i) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
	2227	ENDIF
[1551]	2228
[1788]	2229	ENDDO
[1496]	2230
	2231	!
[1788]	2232	!-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed,
	2233	!-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type
	2234	!-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below).
	2235	IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	2236	!
	2237	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
	2238	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
	2239	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
	2240	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
[1496]	2241
[1788]	2242	lambda_w(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
	2243	* 0.5_wp
	2244	gamma_w(k,j,i) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + gamma_temp(k) ) &
	2245	* 0.5_wp
[1496]	2246
[1788]	2247	ENDDO
[1496]	2248
	2249	!
	2250	!
[1817]	2251	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved),
	2252	!-- set hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be
	2253	!-- lost in the bottom layer.
[1788]	2254	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
	2255	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = 0.0_wp
	2256	ELSE
	2257	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
	2258	ENDIF
[1496]	2259
[1817]	2260	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l
	2261	!-- * l_v)) ensures the mass conservation for water. The
	2262	!-- transpiration of plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by
	2263	!-- the roots in the soil. The scheme takes into account the
	2264	!-- availability of water in the soil layers as well as the root
	2265	!-- fraction in the respective layer. Layer with moisture below
	2266	!-- wilting point will not contribute, which reflects the
	2267	!-- preference of plants to take water from moister layers.
[1496]	2268
	2269	!
[1817]	2270	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of
	2271	!-- root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
	2272	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
	2273	!-- additional check.
[1691]	2274	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1788]	2275	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
	2276	m_total = m_total + root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i)
	2277	ENDIF
	2278	ENDDO
[1496]	2279
[1788]	2280	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2281	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2282	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
[1817]	2283	root_extr(k) = root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i) &
	2284	/ m_total
[1788]	2285	ELSE
	2286	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
	2287	ENDIF
	2288	ENDDO
	2289	ENDIF
	2290
[1496]	2291	!
[1788]	2292	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil.
	2293	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
	2294
	2295	tend(nzb_soil) = ( lambda_w(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( &
[1551]	2296	m_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) - m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) &
[1691]	2297	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) - gamma_w(nzb_soil,j,i) - ( &
[1788]	2298	root_extr(nzb_soil) * qsws_veg_eb(j,i) &
	2299	+ qsws_soil_eb(j,i) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
	2300	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
[1496]	2301
[1788]	2302	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
	2303	tend(k) = ( lambda_w(k,j,i) * ( m_soil(k+1,j,i) &
	2304	- m_soil(k,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
	2305	- gamma_w(k,j,i) &
	2306	- lambda_w(k-1,j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) - &
	2307	m_soil(k-1,j,i)) * ddz_soil(k) &
	2308	+ gamma_w(k-1,j,i) - (root_extr(k) &
	2309	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv) &
	2310	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
[1496]	2311
[1788]	2312	ENDDO
	2313	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) &
	2314	- lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) &
	2315	* (m_soil(nzt_soil,j,i) &
	2316	- m_soil(nzt_soil-1,j,i)) &
	2317	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil) &
	2318	+ gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) - ( &
	2319	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
	2320	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv ) &
	2321	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
[1496]	2322
[1788]	2323	m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
	2324	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
	2325	+ tsc(3) * tm_soil_m(:,j,i) )
	2326
[1496]	2327	!
[1788]	2328	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
	2329	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2330	IF ( m_soil_p(k,j,i) < 0.0_wp ) m_soil_p(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp
	2331	ENDDO
[1496]	2332
	2333	!
[1788]	2334	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
	2335	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	2336	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
	2337	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2338	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
	2339	ENDDO
	2340	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	2341	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	2342	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2343	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp&
[1496]	2344	* tm_soil_m(k,j,i)
[1788]	2345	ENDDO
	2346	ENDIF
[1496]	2347	ENDIF
[1788]	2348
[1496]	2349	ENDIF
	2350
	2351	ENDIF
	2352
	2353	ENDDO
	2354	ENDDO
	2355
[1788]	2356	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
	2357
[1817]	2358
	2359	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2360	! Description:
	2361	! ------------
	2362	!> Swapping of timelevels
	2363	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2364	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
[1788]	2365
[1817]	2366	IMPLICIT NONE
	2367
	2368	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
	2369
	2370	#if defined( __nopointer )
	2371
	2372	t_surface = t_surface_p
	2373	t_soil = t_soil_p
	2374	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2375	m_soil = m_soil_p
	2376	m_liq_eb = m_liq_eb_p
	2377	ENDIF
	2378
	2379	#else
	2380
	2381	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
	2382
	2383	CASE ( 0 )
	2384
	2385	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
	2386	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
	2387	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2388	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
	2389	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
	2390	ENDIF
	2391
	2392
	2393	CASE ( 1 )
	2394
	2395	t_surface => t_surface_2; t_surface_p => t_surface_1
	2396	t_soil => t_soil_2; t_soil_p => t_soil_1
	2397	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2398	m_soil => m_soil_2; m_soil_p => m_soil_1
	2399	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_2; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_1
	2400	ENDIF
	2401
	2402	END SELECT
	2403	#endif
	2404
	2405	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
	2406
	2407
[1788]	2408	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2409	! Description:
	2410	! ------------
	2411	!> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The
	2412	!> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations
	2413	!> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al.
	2414	!> 2012)
	2415	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2416	SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
	2417
	2418	USE control_parameters, &
	2419	ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity
	2420
	2421	IMPLICIT NONE
	2422
	2423	INTEGER :: i !< running index
	2424	INTEGER :: j !< running index
	2425
	2426	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF
	2427	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number)
	2428	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization
	2429	! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number
	2430
	2431
	2432	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2433	DO j = nysg, nyng
	2434	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	2435
[1496]	2436	!
[1788]	2437	!-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock
	2438	!-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch
	2439	!-- length
	2440	! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity
	2441	!
	2442	! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), &
	2443	! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g )
	2444	!
	2445	! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) )
	2446	! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) )
[1496]	2447
[1788]	2448	!
	2449	!-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2
	2450	! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN
	2451	! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) )
	2452	! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) )
	2453	! ENDIF
[1496]	2454
[1788]	2455	!
	2456	!-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low
	2457	!-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and
	2458	!-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the
	2459	!-- Charnock relation is used.
	2460	z0(j,i) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i) ) &
	2461	+ ( alpha_ch * us(j,i)**2 / g )
[1496]	2462
[1788]	2463	z0h(j,i) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
	2464	z0q(j,i) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
[1496]	2465
[1788]	2466	ENDIF
	2467	ENDDO
	2468	ENDDO
	2469
	2470	END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
	2471
	2472
[1496]	2473	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2474	! Description:
	2475	! ------------
[1788]	2476	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend
	2477	!> that the skin is always saturated.
[1496]	2478	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1551]	2479	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
[1496]	2480
	2481	IMPLICIT NONE
	2482
[1682]	2483	INTEGER :: i !< running index
	2484	INTEGER :: j !< running index
	2485	INTEGER :: k !< running index
[1788]	2486
[1682]	2487	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
[1496]	2488
[1691]	2489	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2490	DO j = nysg, nyng
[1496]	2491	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	2492
	2493	!
	2494	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
[1691]	2495	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface_p(j,i) &
	2496	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface_p(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
[1496]	2497
	2498	!
	2499	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
	2500	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
	2501
	2502	resistance = r_a(j,i) / (r_a(j,i) + r_s(j,i))
	2503
	2504	!
	2505	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
[1691]	2506	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	2507	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
	2508	* ( q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i) )
	2509	ELSE
	2510	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
	2511	* q(k+1,j,i)
	2512	ENDIF
[1496]	2513
[1691]	2514	!
	2515	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
	2516	vpt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
	2517
[1496]	2518	ENDDO
	2519	ENDDO
	2520
[1551]	2521	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
[1496]	2522
[1788]	2523
[1496]	2524	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

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