Home

Context Navigation

source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model.f90 @ 1554

Last change on this file since 1554 was 1554, checked in by maronga, 10 years ago
last commit documented
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 68.8 KB

Line
1	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
2
3	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
4	! This file is part of PALM.
5	!
6	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
7	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
8	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2014 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: land_surface_model.f90 1554 2015-03-03 17:34:22Z maronga $
27	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
28	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
29	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
30	! profile
31	!
32	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
33	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
34	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
35	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
36	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
37	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
38	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
39	! calculation
40	!
41	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
42	!
43	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
44	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
45	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
46	! Added support for dry runs.
47	!
48	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
49	! Initial revision
50	!
51	!
52	! Description:
53	! ------------
54	! Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
55	! surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
56	! scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
57	! H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
58	! DALES and UCLA-LES models.
59	!
60	! To do list:
61	! -----------
62	! - Check dewfall parametrization for fog simulations
63	! - Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the surface layer
64	! - Allow for water surfaces, check performance for bare soils
65	! - Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0, nzt_soil=3))
66	! - Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES with
67	! considerable precipitation
68	! Notes:
69	! ------
70	! - No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not become
71	! too thin
72	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
73	USE arrays_3d, &
74	ONLY: pt, pt_p, q, q_p, qsws, rif, shf, ts, us, z0, z0h
75
76	USE cloud_parameters, &
77	ONLY: cp, l_d_r, l_v, precipitation_rate, rho_l, r_d, r_v
78
79	USE control_parameters, &
80	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
81	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
82	max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, rho_surface, &
83	roughness_length, surface_pressure, timestep_scheme, tsc, &
84	z0h_factor
85
86	USE indices, &
87	ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb_s_inner
88
89	USE kinds
90
91	USE netcdf_control, &
92	ONLY: dots_label, dots_num, dots_unit
93
94	USE radiation_model_mod, &
95	ONLY: irad_scheme, rad_net, rad_sw_in, sigma_SB
96
97	USE statistics, &
98	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
99
100	IMPLICIT NONE
101
102	!
103	!-- LSM model constants
104	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nzb_soil = 0, & !: bottom of the soil model (to be switched)
105	nzt_soil = 3, & !: top of the soil model (to be switched)
106	nzs = 4 !: number of soil layers (fixed for now)
107
108	INTEGER(iwp) :: dots_soil = 0 !: starting index for timeseries output
109
110	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(0:1) :: id_dim_zs_xy, id_dim_zs_xz, id_dim_zs_yz, &
111	id_dim_zs_3d, id_var_zs_xy, &
112	id_var_zs_xz, id_var_zs_yz, id_var_zs_3d
113
114	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1:max_masks,0:1) :: id_dim_zs_mask, id_var_zs_mask
115
116	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
117	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
118	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
119	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
120	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
121	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
122	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
123	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
124	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
125
126
127	!
128	!-- LSM variables
129	INTEGER(iwp) :: veg_type = 2, & !: vegetation type, 0: user-defined, 1-19: generic (see list)
130	soil_type = 3 !: soil type, 0: user-defined, 1-6: generic (see list)
131
132	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !: open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
133	dewfall = .TRUE., & !: allow/inhibit dewfall
134	land_surface = .FALSE. !: flag parameter indicating wheather the lsm is used
135
136	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
137	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
138	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST alpha_vg
139	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST g_d
140	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !: Surface (skin) heat capacity
141	drho_l_lv, & !: (rho_l * l_v)**-1
142	exn, & !: value of the Exner function
143	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !: saturation water vapour pressure
144	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST m_fc
145	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST f_sw_in
146	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
147	ke = 0.0_wp, & !: Kersten number
148	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
149	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
150	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST lai
151	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST l_vg
152	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST r_canopy_min
153	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !: NAMELIST r_soil_min
154	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !: weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
155	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST n_vg
156	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !: saturation specific humidity
157	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST m_res
158	rho_cp, & !: rho_surface * cp
159	rho_lv, & !: rho * l_v
160	rd_d_rv, & !: r_d / r_v
161	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST m_sat
162	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST c_veg
163	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST m_wilt
164	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
165	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp !: NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
166
167	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: &
168	ddz_soil, & !: 1/dz_soil
169	ddz_soil_stag, & !: 1/dz_soil_stag
170	dz_soil, & !: soil grid spacing (center-center)
171	dz_soil_stag, & !: soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
172	root_extr = 0.0_wp, & !: root extraction
173	root_fraction = (/9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp, &
174	9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp /), & !: distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
175	zs = (/0.07_wp, 0.28_wp, 1.00_wp, 2.89_wp/), & !: soil layer depths (m)
176	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp !: soil moisture content (m3/m3)
177
178	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) :: &
179	soil_temperature = (/290.0_wp, 287.0_wp, 285.0_wp, 283.0_wp, &
180	283.0_wp /) !: soil temperature (K)
181
182	#if defined( __nopointer )
183	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface, & !: surface temperature (K)
184	t_surface_p, & !: progn. surface temperature (K)
185	m_liq_eb, & !: liquid water reservoir (m)
186	m_liq_eb_av, & !: liquid water reservoir (m)
187	m_liq_eb_p !: progn. liquid water reservoir (m)
188	#else
189	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: t_surface, &
190	t_surface_p, &
191	m_liq_eb, &
192	m_liq_eb_p
193
194	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface_1, t_surface_2, &
195	m_liq_eb_av, &
196	m_liq_eb_1, m_liq_eb_2
197	#endif
198
199	!
200	!-- Temporal tendencies for time stepping
201	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tt_surface_m, & !: surface temperature tendency (K)
202	tm_liq_eb_m !: liquid water reservoir tendency (m)
203
204	!
205	!-- Energy balance variables
206	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
207	alpha_vg, & !: coef. of Van Genuchten
208	c_liq, & !: liquid water coverage (of vegetated area)
209	c_liq_av, & !: average of c_liq
210	c_soil_av, & !: average of c_soil
211	c_veg, & !: vegetation coverage
212	c_veg_av, & !: average of c_veg
213	f_sw_in, & !: fraction of absorbed shortwave radiation by the surface layer (not implemented yet)
214	ghf_eb, & !: ground heat flux
215	ghf_eb_av, & !: average of ghf_eb
216	gamma_w_sat, & !: hydraulic conductivity at saturation
217	g_d, & !: coefficient for dependence of r_canopy on water vapour pressure deficit
218	lai, & !: leaf area index
219	lai_av, & !: average of lai
220	lambda_h_sat, & !: heat conductivity for dry soil
221	lambda_surface_s, & !: coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
222	lambda_surface_u, & !: coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
223	l_vg, & !: coef. of Van Genuchten
224	m_fc, & !: soil moisture at field capacity (m3/m3)
225	m_res, & !: residual soil moisture
226	m_sat, & !: saturation soil moisture (m3/m3)
227	m_wilt, & !: soil moisture at permanent wilting point (m3/m3)
228	n_vg, & !: coef. Van Genuchten
229	qsws_eb, & !: surface flux of latent heat (total)
230	qsws_eb_av, & !: average of qsws_eb
231	qsws_liq_eb, & !: surface flux of latent heat (liquid water portion)
232	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !: average of qsws_liq_eb
233	qsws_soil_eb, & !: surface flux of latent heat (soil portion)
234	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !: average of qsws_soil_eb
235	qsws_veg_eb, & !: surface flux of latent heat (vegetation portion)
236	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !: average of qsws_veg_eb
237	r_a, & !: aerodynamic resistance
238	r_canopy, & !: canopy resistance
239	r_soil, & !: soil resitance
240	r_soil_min, & !: minimum soil resistance
241	r_s, & !: total surface resistance (combination of r_soil and r_canopy)
242	r_canopy_min, & !: minimum canopy (stomatal) resistance
243	shf_eb, & !: surface flux of sensible heat
244	shf_eb_av !: average of shf_eb
245
246	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
247	lambda_h, & !: heat conductivity of soil (?)
248	lambda_w, & !: hydraulic diffusivity of soil (?)
249	gamma_w, & !: hydraulic conductivity of soil (?)
250	rho_c_total !: volumetric heat capacity of the actual soil matrix (?)
251
252	#if defined( __nopointer )
253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
254	t_soil, & !: Soil temperature (K)
255	t_soil_av, & !: Average of t_soil
256	t_soil_p, & !: Prog. soil temperature (K)
257	m_soil, & !: Soil moisture (m3/m3)
258	m_soil_av, & !: Average of m_soil
259	m_soil_p !: Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3)
260	#else
261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: &
262	t_soil, t_soil_p, &
263	m_soil, m_soil_p
264
265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
266	t_soil_av, t_soil_1, t_soil_2, &
267	m_soil_av, m_soil_1, m_soil_2
268
269
270	#endif
271
272
273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
274	tt_soil_m, & !: t_soil storage array
275	tm_soil_m, & !: m_soil storage array
276	root_fr !: root fraction (sum=1)
277
278
279	!
280	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
281	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:19) :: veg_type_name = (/ &
282	'user defined', & ! 0
283	'crops, mixed farming', & ! 1
284	'short grass', & ! 2
285	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
286	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
287	'evergreen broadleaf trees' , & ! 5
288	'deciduous broadleaf trees', & ! 6
289	'tall grass', & ! 7
290	'desert', & ! 8
291	'tundra', & ! 9
292	'irrigated crops', & ! 10
293	'semidesert', & ! 11
294	'ice caps and glaciers' , & ! 12
295	'bogs and marshes', & ! 13
296	'inland water', & ! 14
297	'ocean', & ! 15
298	'evergreen shrubs', & ! 16
299	'deciduous shrubs', & ! 17
300	'mixed forest/woodland', & ! 18
301	'interrupted forest' & ! 19
302	/)
303
304	!
305	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
306	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7) :: soil_type_name = (/ &
307	'user defined', & ! 0
308	'coarse', & ! 1
309	'medium', & ! 2
310	'medium-fine', & ! 3
311	'fine', & ! 4
312	'very fine' , & ! 5
313	'organic', & ! 6
314	'loamy (CH)' & ! 7
315	/)
316	!
317	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
318
319	!
320	!-- Land surface parameters I
321	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:19) :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
323	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
324	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
325	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
326	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
327	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
328	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
329	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
330	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
331	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
332	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
333	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
334	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
335	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
336	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
337	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
338	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
339	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
340	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
341	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp & ! 19
342	/), (/ 4, 19 /) )
343
344	!
345	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:1,1:19) :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
347	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
348	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
349	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
350	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
351	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
352	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
353	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
354	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
355	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
356	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
357	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
358	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
359	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
360	0.00_wp, 0.00E-2_wp, & ! 14
361	0.00_wp, 0.00E-2_wp, & ! 15
362	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
363	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
364	2.00_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, & ! 18
365	1.10_wp, 1.10E-2_wp & ! 19
366	/), (/ 2, 19 /) )
367
368	!
369	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:19) :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
371	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
372	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
373	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
374	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
375	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
376	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
377	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
378	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
379	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
380	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
381	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
382	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
383	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
384	1.0E20_wp, 1.0E20_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
385	1.0E20_wp, 1.0E20_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
386	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
387	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
388	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
389	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp & ! 19
390	/), (/ 3, 19 /) )
391
392	!
393	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4,
394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:19) :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/ &
395	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 1
396	0.35_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.23_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 2
397	0.26_wp, 0.39_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.06_wp, & ! 3
398	0.26_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 4
399	0.24_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 5
400	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.14_wp, & ! 6
401	0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.09_wp, & ! 7
402	1.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
403	0.47_wp, 0.45_wp, 0.08_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
404	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 10
405	0.17_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.33_wp, 0.19_wp, & ! 11
406	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
407	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 13
408	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
409	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
410	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 16
411	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 17
412	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 18
413	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp & ! 19
414	/), (/ 4, 19 /) )
415
416	!
417	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
418
419	!
420	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
421	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7) :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
422	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
423	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
424	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
425	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
426	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
427	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
428	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
429	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
430
431	!
432	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
433	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7) :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
434	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
435	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
436	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
437	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
438	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
439	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
440	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
441	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
442
443
444	SAVE
445
446
447	PRIVATE
448
449
450	!
451	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
452	PUBLIC alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
453	conserve_water_content, dewfall, field_capacity, &
454	f_shortwave_incoming, hydraulic_conductivity, init_lsm, &
455	init_lsm_arrays, lambda_surface_stable, lambda_surface_unstable, &
456	land_surface, leaf_area_index, lsm_energy_balance, lsm_soil_model, &
457	lsm_swap_timelevel, l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
458	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, residual_moisture, rho_cp, &
459	rho_lv, root_fraction, saturation_moisture, soil_moisture, &
460	soil_temperature, soil_type, soil_type_name, vegetation_coverage, &
461	veg_type, veg_type_name, wilting_point, z0_eb, z0h_eb
462
463	!
464	!-- Public grid and NetCDF variables
465	PUBLIC dots_soil, id_dim_zs_xy, id_dim_zs_xz, id_dim_zs_yz, &
466	id_dim_zs_3d, id_dim_zs_mask, id_var_zs_xy, id_var_zs_xz, &
467	id_var_zs_yz, id_var_zs_3d, id_var_zs_mask, nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil,&
468	zs
469
470
471	!
472	!-- Public 2D output variables
473	PUBLIC c_liq, c_liq_av, c_soil_av, c_veg, c_veg_av, ghf_eb, ghf_eb_av, &
474	lai, lai_av, qsws_eb, qsws_eb_av, qsws_liq_eb, qsws_liq_eb_av, &
475	qsws_soil_eb, qsws_soil_eb_av, qsws_veg_eb, qsws_veg_eb_av, &
476	shf_eb, shf_eb_av
477
478
479	!
480	!-- Public prognostic variables
481	PUBLIC m_liq_eb, m_liq_eb_av, m_soil, m_soil_av, t_soil, t_soil_av
482
483
484	INTERFACE init_lsm
485	MODULE PROCEDURE init_lsm
486	END INTERFACE init_lsm
487
488	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
489	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
490	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
491
492	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
493	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
494	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
495
496	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
497	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
498	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
499
500	CONTAINS
501
502
503	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
504	! Description:
505	! ------------
506	!-- Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
507	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
508	SUBROUTINE init_lsm_arrays
509
510
511	IMPLICIT NONE
512
513	!
514	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity
515	#if defined( __nopointer )
516	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
517	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
518	ALLOCATE ( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
519	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
520	ALLOCATE ( t_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
521	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
522	ALLOCATE ( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
523	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
524	#else
525	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
526	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
527	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
528	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
529	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
530	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
531	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
532	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
533	#endif
534
535	!
536	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
537	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
538	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
539	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
540	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
541
542	!
543	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
544	ALLOCATE ( alpha_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
545	ALLOCATE ( c_liq(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
546	ALLOCATE ( c_veg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
547	ALLOCATE ( f_sw_in(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
548	ALLOCATE ( ghf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
549	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
550	ALLOCATE ( g_d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
551	ALLOCATE ( lai(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
552	ALLOCATE ( l_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
553	ALLOCATE ( lambda_h_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
554	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_u(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
555	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
556	ALLOCATE ( m_fc(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
557	ALLOCATE ( m_res(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
558	ALLOCATE ( m_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
559	ALLOCATE ( m_wilt(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
560	ALLOCATE ( n_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
561	ALLOCATE ( qsws_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
562	ALLOCATE ( qsws_soil_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
563	ALLOCATE ( qsws_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
564	ALLOCATE ( qsws_veg_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
565	ALLOCATE ( r_a(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
566	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
567	ALLOCATE ( r_soil(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
568	ALLOCATE ( r_soil_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
569	ALLOCATE ( r_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
570	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
571	ALLOCATE ( shf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
572
573	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
574	!
575	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
576	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
577	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
578	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
579	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
580	#endif
581
582
583	END SUBROUTINE init_lsm_arrays
584
585	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
586	! Description:
587	! ------------
588	!-- Initialization of the land surface model
589	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
590	SUBROUTINE init_lsm
591
592
593	IMPLICIT NONE
594
595	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !: running index
596	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !: running index
597	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !: running index
598
599
600	!
601	!-- Calculate Exner function
602	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
603
604
605	!
606	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
607	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
608	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
609	ENDIF
610
611	!
612	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
613	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
614	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
615	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
616	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
617
618	!
619	!-- Set inital values for prognostic quantities
620	tt_surface_m = 0.0_wp
621	tt_soil_m = 0.0_wp
622	tm_liq_eb_m = 0.0_wp
623	c_liq = 0.0_wp
624
625	ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
626	shf_eb = rho_cp * shf
627
628	IF ( humidity ) THEN
629	qsws_eb = rho_l * l_v * qsws
630	ELSE
631	qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
632	ENDIF
633
634	qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
635	qsws_soil_eb = qsws_eb
636	qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
637
638	r_a = 50.0_wp
639	r_s = 50.0_wp
640	r_canopy = 0.0_wp
641	r_soil = 0.0_wp
642
643	!
644	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
645	ALLOCATE ( root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
646	ALLOCATE ( lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
647	ALLOCATE ( rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
648
649	lambda_h = 0.0_wp
650	!
651	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
652	IF ( humidity ) THEN
653	ALLOCATE ( lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
654	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
655
656	lambda_w = 0.0_wp
657	ENDIF
658
659	!
660	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
661	!-- the center of the soil layers, whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
662	!-- at the edges (_stag)
663	dz_soil_stag(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
664
665	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
666	dz_soil_stag(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
667	ENDDO
668
669	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
670	dz_soil(k) = 0.5 * (dz_soil_stag(k+1) + dz_soil_stag(k))
671	ENDDO
672	dz_soil(nzt_soil) = dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
673
674	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
675	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
676
677	!
678	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
679	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
680	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
681	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
682
683	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
684	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
685	ENDIF
686
687	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
688	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
689	ENDIF
690
691	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
692	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
693	ENDIF
694
695	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
696	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
697	ENDIF
698
699	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
700	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
701	ENDIF
702
703	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
704	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
705	ENDIF
706
707	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
708	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
709	ENDIF
710
711	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
712	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
713	ENDIF
714
715	ENDIF
716
717	alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
718	l_vg = l_vangenuchten
719	n_vg = n_vangenuchten
720	gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
721	m_sat = saturation_moisture
722	m_fc = field_capacity
723	m_wilt = wilting_point
724	m_res = residual_moisture
725	r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
726
727	!
728	!-- Initial run actions
729	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
730
731	t_soil = 0.0_wp
732	m_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
733	m_soil = 0.0_wp
734
735	!
736	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
737	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
738	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
739	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
740	t_soil(k,:,:) = soil_temperature(k)
741	m_soil(k,:,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),m_wilt(:,:))
742	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
743	ENDDO
744	t_soil(nzt_soil+1,:,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
745
746	!
747	!-- Calculate surface temperature
748	t_surface = pt_surface * exn
749
750	!
751	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value for
752	!-- the first time step
753	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
754	DO j = nysg, nyng
755	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
756
757	!
758	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
759	IF ( pt(k+1,j,i) == pt(k,j,i) ) pt(k+1,j,i) = pt(k+1,j,i) &
760	+ 1.0E-10_wp
761
762	us(j,i) = 0.1_wp
763	ts(j,i) = (pt(k+1,j,i) - pt(k,j,i)) / r_a(j,i)
764	shf(j,i) = - us(j,i) * ts(j,i)
765	ENDDO
766	ENDDO
767
768	!
769	!-- Actions for restart runs
770	ELSE
771
772	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
773	DO j = nysg, nyng
774	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
775	t_surface(j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * exn
776	ENDDO
777	ENDDO
778
779	ENDIF
780
781	!
782	!-- Calculate saturation soil heat conductivity
783	lambda_h_sat(:,:) = lambda_h_sm ** (1.0_wp - m_sat(:,:)) * &
784	lambda_h_water ** m_sat(:,:)
785
786
787
788
789	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
790	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_fraction(k)
791	ENDDO
792
793	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
794	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
795	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
796	ENDIF
797	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
798	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
799	ENDIF
800	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
801	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
802	ENDIF
803	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
804	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
805	ENDIF
806	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
807	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
808	ENDIF
809	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
810	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
811	ENDIF
812	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
813	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
814	ENDIF
815	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
816	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
817	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
818	ENDIF
819	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
820	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
821	ENDIF
822	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / z0_eb
823
824	IF ( ANY( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
825	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
826	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
827	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
828	ENDDO
829	ENDIF
830
831	ELSE
832
833	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
834	z0_eb = roughness_length
835	ENDIF
836	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
837	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
838	ENDIF
839
840	ENDIF
841
842	!
843	!-- Initialize vegetation
844	r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
845	lai = leaf_area_index
846	c_veg = vegetation_coverage
847	g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
848	lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
849	lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
850	f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
851	z0 = z0_eb
852	z0h = z0h_eb
853
854	!
855	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
856	CALL user_init_land_surface
857
858
859	t_soil_p = t_soil
860	m_soil_p = m_soil
861	m_liq_eb_p = m_liq_eb
862
863	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
864	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
865	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
866	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
867	statistic_regions+1 )
868	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
869	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
870	statistic_regions+1 )
871
872	!
873	!-- Calculate humidity at the surface
874	IF ( humidity ) THEN
875	CALL calc_q_surface
876	ENDIF
877
878
879
880	!
881	!-- Add timeseries for land surface model
882	dots_label(dots_num+1) = "ghf_eb"
883	dots_label(dots_num+2) = "shf_eb"
884	dots_label(dots_num+3) = "qsws_eb"
885	dots_label(dots_num+4) = "qsws_liq_eb"
886	dots_label(dots_num+5) = "qsws_soil_eb"
887	dots_label(dots_num+6) = "qsws_veg_eb"
888	dots_unit(dots_num+1:dots_num+6) = "W/m2"
889
890	dots_soil = dots_num + 1
891	dots_num = dots_num + 6
892
893
894	RETURN
895
896	END SUBROUTINE init_lsm
897
898
899
900	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
901	! Description:
902	! ------------
903	! Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
904	!
905	! Note: surface fluxes are calculated in the land surface model, but these are
906	! not used in the atmospheric code. The fluxes are calculated afterwards in
907	! prandtl_fluxes using the surface values of temperature and humidity as
908	! provided by the land surface model. In this way, the fluxes in the land
909	! surface model are not equal to the ones calculated in prandtl_fluxes
910	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
911	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
912
913
914	IMPLICIT NONE
915
916	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !: running index
917	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !: running index
918	INTEGER(iwp) :: k, ks !: running index
919
920	REAL(wp) :: f1, & !: resistance correction term 1
921	f2, & !: resistance correction term 2
922	f3, & !: resistance correction term 3
923	m_min, & !: minimum soil moisture
924	T_1, & !: actual temperature at first grid point
925	e, & !: water vapour pressure
926	e_s, & !: water vapour saturation pressure
927	e_s_dT, & !: derivate of e_s with respect to T
928	tend, & !: tendency
929	dq_s_dT, & !: derivate of q_s with respect to T
930	coef_1, & !: coef. for prognostic equation
931	coef_2, & !: coef. for prognostic equation
932	f_qsws, & !: factor for qsws_eb
933	f_qsws_veg, & !: factor for qsws_veg_eb
934	f_qsws_soil, & !: factor for qsws_soil_eb
935	f_qsws_liq, & !: factor for qsws_liq_eb
936	f_shf, & !: factor for shf_eb
937	lambda_surface, & !: Current value of lambda_surface
938	m_liq_eb_max !: maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
939
940
941	!
942	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
943	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
944
945
946	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
947	DO j = nysg, nyng
948	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
949
950	!
951	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification
952	IF ( rif(j,i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
953	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_s(j,i)
954	ELSE
955	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_u(j,i)
956	ENDIF
957
958	!
959	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
960	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
961	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
962	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
963	r_a(j,i) = (pt(k+1,j,i) - pt(k,j,i)) / (ts(j,i) * us(j,i) + &
964	1.0E-20_wp)
965
966	!
967	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
968	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
969
970	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
971	!-- night)
972	IF ( irad_scheme /= 0 ) THEN
973	f1 = MIN(1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(j,i) + 0.05_wp ) / &
974	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(j,i) + 1.0_wp) ))
975	ELSE
976	f1 = 1.0_wp
977	ENDIF
978
979	!
980	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
981	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
982	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
983	m_total = 0.0_wp
984	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
985	m_total = m_total + root_fr(ks,j,i) &
986	* MAX(m_soil(ks,j,i),m_wilt(j,i))
987	ENDDO
988
989	IF ( m_total .GT. m_wilt(j,i) .AND. m_total .LT. m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
990	f2 = ( m_total - m_wilt(j,i) ) / (m_fc(j,i) - m_wilt(j,i) )
991	ELSEIF ( m_total .GE. m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
992	f2 = 1.0_wp
993	ELSE
994	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
995	ENDIF
996
997	!
998	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
999	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) &
1000	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
1001
1002	!
1003	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
1004	IF ( g_d(j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1005	!
1006	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
1007	e = q_p(k+1,j,i) * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
1008	f3 = EXP ( -g_d(j,i) * (e_s - e) )
1009	ELSE
1010	f3 = 1.0_wp
1011	ENDIF
1012
1013	!
1014	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
1015	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
1016	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
1017	r_canopy(j,i) = r_canopy_min(j,i) / (lai(j,i) * f1 * f2 * f3 &
1018	+ 1.0E-20_wp)
1019
1020	!
1021	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
1022	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
1023	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
1024	m_min = c_veg(j,i) * m_wilt(j,i) + (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) * &
1025	m_res(j,i)
1026	ELSE
1027	m_min = m_wilt(j,i)
1028	ENDIF
1029
1030	f2 = ( m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) - m_min ) / ( m_fc(j,i) - m_min )
1031	f2 = MAX(f2,1.0E-20_wp)
1032	f2 = MIN(f2,1.0_wp)
1033
1034	r_soil(j,i) = r_soil_min(j,i) / f2
1035
1036	!
1037	!-- Calculate fraction of liquid water reservoir
1038	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * lai(j,i)
1039	c_liq(j,i) = MIN(1.0_wp, m_liq_eb(j,i) / (m_liq_eb_max+1.0E-20_wp))
1040
1041
1042	!
1043	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
1044	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1045
1046	!
1047	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
1048	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
1049	IF ( humidity .AND. dewfall .AND. q_s .LE. q_p(k+1,j,i) ) THEN
1050	r_canopy(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1051	r_soil(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1052	ENDIF
1053
1054	!
1055	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
1056	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * (1.0_wp - c_liq(j,i))/ &
1057	(r_a(j,i) + r_canopy(j,i))
1058
1059	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) / (r_a(j,i) + &
1060	r_soil(j,i))
1061	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
1062
1063
1064	!
1065	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
1066	!-- transpirate.
1067	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) .LT. m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
1068	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1069	! ENDIF
1070
1071	!
1072	!-- If dewfall is deactivated, vegetation, soil and liquid water
1073	!-- reservoir are not allowed to take up water from the super-saturated
1074	!-- air.
1075	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1076	IF ( q_s .LE. q_p(k+1,j,i) ) THEN
1077	IF ( .NOT. dewfall ) THEN
1078	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1079	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1080	f_qsws_liq = 0.0_wp
1081	ENDIF
1082	ENDIF
1083	ENDIF
1084
1085	f_shf = rho_cp / r_a(j,i)
1086	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
1087
1088	!
1089	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
1090	e_s_dT = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp) - &
1091	17.269_wp*(t_surface(j,i) - 273.16_wp) &
1092	/ (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
1093
1094	dq_s_dT = 0.622_wp * e_s_dT / surface_pressure
1095
1096	T_1 = pt_p(k+1,j,i) * exn
1097
1098	!
1099	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
1100	rad_net(j,i) = rad_net(j,i) + sigma_SB * t_surface(j,i) ** 4
1101
1102	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1103
1104	!
1105	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1106	coef_1 = rad_net(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_SB * t_surface(j,i) ** 4&
1107	+ f_shf / exn * T_1 + f_qsws * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s &
1108	+ dq_s_dT * t_surface(j,i) ) + lambda_surface &
1109	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1110
1111	!
1112	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1113	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_SB * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 + f_qsws &
1114	* dq_s_dT + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1115
1116	ELSE
1117
1118	!
1119	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1120	coef_1 = rad_net(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_SB * t_surface(j,i) ** 4&
1121	+ f_shf / exn * T_1 + lambda_surface &
1122	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1123
1124	!
1125	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1126	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_SB * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 &
1127	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1128
1129	ENDIF
1130
1131	tend = 0.0_wp
1132
1133	!
1134	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
1135	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
1136	t_surface_p(j,i) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface * &
1137	t_surface(j,i) ) / ( c_surface + coef_2 * dt_3d&
1138	* tsc(2) )
1139	!
1140	!-- Add RK3 term
1141	t_surface_p(j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) + dt_3d * tsc(3) &
1142	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
1143
1144	!
1145	!-- Calculate true tendency
1146	tend = (t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) - dt_3d * tsc(3) &
1147	* tt_surface_m(j,i)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
1148	!
1149	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1150	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1151	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1152	tt_surface_m(j,i) = tend
1153	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1154	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1155	tt_surface_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
1156	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
1157	ENDIF
1158	ENDIF
1159
1160	pt_p(k,j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) / exn
1161	!
1162	!-- Calculate fluxes
1163	rad_net(j,i) = rad_net(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_SB &
1164	* t_surface(j,i)*4 - 4.0_wp sigma_SB &
1165	* t_surface(j,i)*3 t_surface_p(j,i)
1166	ghf_eb(j,i) = lambda_surface * (t_surface_p(j,i) &
1167	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i))
1168	shf_eb(j,i) = - f_shf * ( pt_p(k+1,j,i) - pt_p(k,j,i) )
1169
1170	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1171	qsws_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s + dq_s_dT &
1172	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dT * t_surface_p(j,i) )
1173
1174	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_veg * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s &
1175	+ dq_s_dT * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dT &
1176	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1177
1178	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_soil * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s &
1179	+ dq_s_dT * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dT &
1180	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1181
1182	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_liq * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s &
1183	+ dq_s_dT * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dT &
1184	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1185	ENDIF
1186
1187	!
1188	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
1189	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) .EQ. 0.0_wp ) THEN
1190	r_s(j,i) = 1.0E10_wp
1191	ELSE
1192	r_s(j,i) = - rho_lv * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s + dq_s_dT &
1193	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dT * t_surface_p(j,i) ) &
1194	/ qsws_eb(j,i) - r_a(j,i)
1195	ENDIF
1196
1197	!
1198	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
1199	!-- evaporation of liquid water
1200	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1201	!
1202	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb.
1203	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
1204	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
1205	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) &
1206	+ precipitation_rate(j,i) * 0.001_wp &
1207	* rho_l * l_v
1208	ENDIF
1209	!
1210	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
1211	IF ( q_s .LE. q_p(k+1,j,i)) THEN
1212	!
1213	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
1214	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
1215	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
1216	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
1217	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) .EQ. m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1218	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
1219	+ qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
1220	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1221	ENDIF
1222
1223	!
1224	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
1225	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
1226	!-- plant
1227	IF ( qsws_veg_eb(j,i) .LT. 0.0_wp ) THEN
1228	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
1229	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1230	ENDIF
1231	ENDIF
1232
1233	tend = - qsws_liq_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv
1234
1235	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = m_liq_eb(j,i) + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend &
1236	+ tsc(3) * tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) )
1237
1238	!
1239	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
1240	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1241	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MIN(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),m_liq_eb_max)
1242
1243	!
1244	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
1245	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1246	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MAX(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),0.0_wp)
1247
1248
1249	!
1250	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1251	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1252	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1253	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = tend
1254	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1255	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1256	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
1257	* tm_liq_eb_m(j,i)
1258	ENDIF
1259	ENDIF
1260
1261	ENDIF
1262
1263	ENDDO
1264	ENDDO
1265
1266	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1267
1268
1269	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1270	! Description:
1271	! ------------
1272	!
1273	! Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
1274	! temperature and water content.
1275	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1276	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
1277
1278
1279	IMPLICIT NONE
1280
1281	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !: running index
1282	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !: running index
1283	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !: running index
1284
1285	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !: Van Genuchten coef. h
1286
1287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !: temp. gamma
1288	lambda_temp, & !: temp. lambda
1289	tend !: tendency
1290
1291	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1292	DO j = nysg, nyng
1293	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1294	!
1295	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking into
1296	!-- account water content
1297	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = (rho_c_soil * (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) &
1298	+ rho_c_water * m_soil(k,j,i))
1299
1300	!
1301	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
1302	!-- layers
1303	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10(MAX(0.1_wp,m_soil(k,j,i) / m_sat(j,i)))
1304	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat(j,i) + lambda_h_dry) + &
1305	lambda_h_dry
1306
1307	ENDDO
1308
1309	!
1310	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
1311	!-- using linear interpolation
1312	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
1313
1314	lambda_h(k,j,i) = lambda_temp(k) + &
1315	( lambda_temp(k+1) - lambda_temp(k) ) &
1316	* 0.5 * dz_soil_stag(k) * ddz_soil(k+1)
1317
1318	ENDDO
1319	lambda_h(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
1320
1321	!
1322	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
1323	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
1324	tend(0) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i)) * &
1325	( lambda_h(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( t_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) &
1326	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil) &
1327	+ ghf_eb(j,i) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
1328
1329	DO k = 1, nzt_soil
1330	tend(k) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(k,j,i)) &
1331	* ( lambda_h(k,j,i) &
1332	* ( t_soil(k+1,j,i) - t_soil(k,j,i) ) &
1333	* ddz_soil(k) &
1334	- lambda_h(k-1,j,i) &
1335	* ( t_soil(k,j,i) - t_soil(k-1,j,i) ) &
1336	* ddz_soil(k-1) &
1337	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
1338	ENDDO
1339
1340	t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) &
1341	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
1342	* tend(:) + tsc(3) &
1343	* tt_soil_m(:,j,i) )
1344
1345	!
1346	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1347	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1348	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1349	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1350	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
1351	ENDDO
1352	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1353	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1354	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1355	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
1356	* tt_soil_m(k,j,i)
1357	ENDDO
1358	ENDIF
1359	ENDIF
1360
1361
1362	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1363
1364	!
1365	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
1366	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * gamma_w_sat(j,i) * psi_sat &
1367	/ m_sat(j,i) ) * ( MAX(m_soil(k,j,i), &
1368	m_wilt(j,i)) / m_sat(j,i) )**(b_ch + 2.0_wp)
1369
1370	!
1371	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
1372	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
1373	!
1374	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
1375	!-- (1980)
1376	h_vg = ( ( (m_res(j,i) - m_sat(j,i)) / ( m_res(j,i) - &
1377	MAX(m_soil(k,j,i),m_wilt(j,i)) ) )**(n_vg(j,i) &
1378	/ (n_vg(j,i)-1.0_wp)) - 1.0_wp &
1379	)**(1.0_wp/n_vg(j,i)) / alpha_vg(j,i)
1380
1381	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( ( (1.0_wp + &
1382	(alpha_vg(j,i)h_vg)n_vg(j,i))*(1.0_wp &
1383	-1.0_wp/n_vg(j,i)) - (alpha_vg(j,i)*h_vg &
1384	)(n_vg(j,i)-1.0_wp))2 ) &
1385	/ ( (1.0_wp + (alpha_vg(j,i)*h_vg &
1386	)n_vg(j,i))((1.0_wp - 1.0_wp/n_vg(j,i)) &
1387	*(l_vg(j,i) + 2.0_wp)) )
1388
1389	!
1390	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
1391	ELSE
1392	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) &
1393	/ m_sat(j,i) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
1394	ENDIF
1395
1396	ENDDO
1397
1398
1399	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1400	!
1401	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
1402	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
1403	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
1404	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
1405
1406	lambda_w(k,j,i) = lambda_temp(k) + &
1407	( lambda_temp(k+1) - lambda_temp(k) ) &
1408	* 0.5_wp * dz_soil_stag(k) * ddz_soil(k+1)
1409	gamma_w(k,j,i) = gamma_temp(k) + &
1410	( gamma_temp(k+1) - gamma_temp(k) ) &
1411	* 0.5_wp * dz_soil_stag(k) * ddz_soil(k+1)
1412
1413	ENDDO
1414
1415	!
1416	!
1417	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved), set
1418	!-- hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be lost
1419	!-- in the bottom layer.
1420	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
1421	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1422	ELSE
1423	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
1424	ENDIF
1425
1426	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l * l_v))
1427	!-- ensures the mass conservation for water. The transpiration of
1428	!-- plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by the roots in the
1429	!-- soil. The scheme takes into account the availability of water
1430	!-- in the soil layers as well as the root fraction in the
1431	!-- respective layer. Layer with moisture below wilting point will
1432	!-- not contribute, which reflects the preference of plants to
1433	!-- take water from moister layers.
1434
1435	!
1436	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, modified so that the
1437	!-- sum of root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
1438	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
1439	!-- additional check.
1440
1441	m_total = 0.0_wp
1442	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1443	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) .GT. m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
1444	m_total = m_total + root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i)
1445	ENDIF
1446	ENDDO
1447
1448	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1449	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) .GT. m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
1450	root_extr(k) = root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i) / m_total
1451	ELSE
1452	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
1453	ENDIF
1454	ENDDO
1455
1456	!
1457	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil
1458	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
1459	tend(nzb_soil) = ( lambda_w(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( &
1460	m_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) - m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) &
1461	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil) - gamma_w(nzb_soil,j,i) - ( &
1462	root_extr(nzb_soil) * qsws_veg_eb(j,i) &
1463	+ qsws_soil_eb(j,i) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
1464	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
1465
1466	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
1467	tend(k) = ( lambda_w(k,j,i) * ( m_soil(k+1,j,i) &
1468	- m_soil(k,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(k) - gamma_w(k,j,i)&
1469	- lambda_w(k-1,j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) - &
1470	m_soil(k-1,j,i)) * ddz_soil(k-1) &
1471	+ gamma_w(k-1,j,i) - (root_extr(k) &
1472	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv) &
1473	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
1474
1475	ENDDO
1476	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) &
1477	- lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) &
1478	* (m_soil(nzt_soil,j,i) &
1479	- m_soil(nzt_soil-1,j,i)) &
1480	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil-1) &
1481	+ gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) - ( &
1482	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
1483	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv ) &
1484	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
1485
1486	m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
1487	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
1488	+ tsc(3) * tm_soil_m(:,j,i) )
1489
1490	!
1491	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
1492	m_soil_p(:,j,i) = MAX(m_soil_p(:,j,i),0.0_wp)
1493
1494	!
1495	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1496	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1497	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1498	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1499	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
1500	ENDDO
1501	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1502	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1503	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1504	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
1505	* tm_soil_m(k,j,i)
1506	ENDDO
1507	ENDIF
1508	ENDIF
1509
1510	ENDIF
1511
1512	ENDDO
1513	ENDDO
1514
1515	!
1516	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
1517	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1518	CALL calc_q_surface
1519	ENDIF
1520
1521
1522	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
1523
1524
1525	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1526	! Description:
1527	! ------------
1528	! Calculation of specific humidity of the surface layer (surface)
1529	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1530	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
1531
1532	IMPLICIT NONE
1533
1534	INTEGER :: i !: running index
1535	INTEGER :: j !: running index
1536	INTEGER :: k !: running index
1537	REAL(wp) :: resistance !: aerodynamic and soil resistance term
1538
1539	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1540	DO j = nysg, nyng
1541	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1542
1543	!
1544	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1545	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) &
1546	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) &
1547	- 35.86_wp ) )
1548
1549	!
1550	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
1551	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1552
1553
1554	resistance = r_a(j,i) / (r_a(j,i) + r_s(j,i))
1555
1556	!
1557	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
1558	q_p(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
1559	* q_p(k+1,j,i)
1560
1561	ENDDO
1562	ENDDO
1563
1564	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
1565
1566	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1567	! Description:
1568	! ------------
1569	! Swapping of timelevels
1570	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1571	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
1572
1573	IMPLICIT NONE
1574
1575	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
1576
1577	#if defined( __nopointer )
1578
1579	t_surface = t_surface_p
1580	t_soil = t_soil_p
1581	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1582	m_soil = m_soil_p
1583	m_liq_eb = m_liq_eb_p
1584	ENDIF
1585
1586	#else
1587
1588	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
1589
1590	CASE ( 0 )
1591
1592	t_surface = t_surface_p
1593	t_soil = t_soil_p
1594	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1595	m_soil = m_soil_p
1596	m_liq_eb = m_liq_eb_p
1597	ENDIF
1598
1599
1600	CASE ( 1 )
1601
1602	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
1603	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
1604	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1605	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
1606	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
1607	ENDIF
1608
1609	END SELECT
1610	#endif
1611
1612	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
1613
1614
1615	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.

Download in other formats:

| Impressum | ©Leibniz Universität Hannover |