Home

Context Navigation

source: palm/trunk/DOC/app/chapter_4.2.html @ 531

Last change on this file since 531 was 531, checked in by heinze, 15 years ago
call of subsidence added in prognostic equations for humidity/passive scalar, some bugfixes
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 289.2 KB

Rev	Line
[5]	1	<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
[493]	2	<html><head>
[108]	3
	4
	5
[354]	6
	7
[108]	8
	9
[524]	10
[531]	11
	12
[108]	13
	14
[354]	15
	16
[493]	17	<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="content-type"><title>PALM chapter 4.2</title></head><body>
[354]	18
	19
[108]	20
	21
	22	<h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><a name="Kapitel4.2"></a>4.2 <a href="#Laufparameter">Runtime
[102]	23	parameters</a>, <a href="#particle_parameters">particle parameters</a>, and <a href="#Paketparameter">package
[5]	24	parameters</a></h3>
[108]	25
	26
	27
[354]	28
	29
[48]	30	<h3 style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;"><a name="Laufparameter"></a>Runtime parameters:</h3>
[108]	31
	32
	33
[354]	34
	35
[108]	36	<br>
	37
	38
[354]	39
	40
[108]	41	<br>
	42
	43
[354]	44
	45
[108]	46	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	47
	48
[354]	49
	50
[108]	51	<tbody>
	52
	53
	54
[354]	55
	56
[108]	57	<tr>
	58
	59
	60
[354]	61
	62
[108]	63	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter
	64	name</b></font></td>
	65
	66
[354]	67
	68
[108]	69	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
	70
	71
	72
[354]	73
	74
[108]	75	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	76
	77
[354]	78
	79
[108]	80	<p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br>
	81
	82
[354]	83
	84
[108]	85	<b><font size="4">value</font></b></p>
	86
	87
[354]	88
	89
[108]	90	</td>
	91
	92
	93
[354]	94
	95
[108]	96	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td>
	97
	98
	99
[354]	100
	101
[108]	102	</tr>
	103
	104
[354]	105
	106
[108]	107	<tr>
	108
	109
[354]	110
	111
[108]	112	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="averaging_interval"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">averaging_interval</span><br>
	113
	114
	115
[354]	116
	117
[108]	118	</td>
	119
	120
[354]	121
	122
[108]	123	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	124
	125
[354]	126
	127
[108]	128	</td>
	129
	130
	131
[354]	132
	133
[108]	134	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br>
	135
	136
[354]	137
	138
[108]	139	</td>
	140
	141
	142
[354]	143
	144
[108]	145	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Averaging interval for
	146	all output of temporally averaged data (in s).<br>
	147
	148
[354]	149
	150
[108]	151	<br>
	152
	153
[354]	154
	155
[108]	156	This
[5]	157	parameter defines the time interval length for temporally averaged data
	158	(vertical profiles, spectra, 2d cross-sections, 3d volume data). By
[48]	159	default, data are not subject to temporal averaging. The
	160	interval
	161	length is limited by the parameter <a href="#dt_data_output_av">dt_data_output_av</a>.
	162	In any case, <span style="font-weight: bold;">averaging_interval</span>
	163	<= <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_data_output_av</span>
[108]	164	must hold.<br>
	165
	166
[354]	167
	168
[108]	169	<br>
	170
	171
[354]	172
	173
[108]	174	If
[5]	175	an interval is defined, then by default the average is calculated from
	176	the data values of all timesteps lying within this interval. The number
	177	of time levels entering into the average can be reduced with the
[108]	178	parameter <a href="#dt_averaging_input">dt_averaging_input</a>.<br>
	179
	180
[354]	181
	182
[108]	183	<br>
	184
	185
[354]	186
	187
[108]	188	If
[48]	189	an averaging interval can not be completed at the end of a run, it
[5]	190	will be finished at the beginning of the next restart run. Thus for
	191	restart runs, averaging intervals do not
[108]	192	necessarily begin at the beginning of the run.<br>
	193
	194
[354]	195
	196
[108]	197	<br>
	198
	199
[354]	200
	201
[108]	202	Parameters
	203	<a href="#averaging_interval_pr">averaging_interval_pr</a>
[48]	204	and <a href="#averaging_interval_sp">averaging_interval_sp</a>
	205	can be used to define different averaging intervals for vertical
[108]	206	profile data and spectra, respectively.<br>
	207
	208
[354]	209
	210
[108]	211	</td>
	212
	213
[354]	214
	215
[108]	216	</tr>
	217
	218
	219
[354]	220
	221
[108]	222	<tr>
	223
	224
[354]	225
	226
[108]	227	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	228
	229
[354]	230
	231
[108]	232	<p><a name="averaging_interval_pr"></a><b>averaging_interval_pr</b></p>
	233
	234
	235
[354]	236
	237
[108]	238	</td>
	239
	240
[354]	241
	242
[108]	243	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	244
	245
[354]	246
	247
[108]	248	</td>
	249
	250
	251
[354]	252
	253
[108]	254	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="#averaging_interval">averaging_<br>
	255
	256
	257
[354]	258
	259
[5]	260	interval</a><br>
[108]	261
	262
	263
[354]	264
	265
[108]	266	</span> </td>
	267
	268
[354]	269
	270
[108]	271	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	272
	273
[354]	274
	275
[108]	276	<p>Averaging
[61]	277	interval for output of vertical profiles to
[48]	278	local
	279	file <font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF</a>
[108]	280	</font></font>and/or  <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>
	281	(in s).  </p>
	282
	283
[354]	284
	285
[108]	286
	287
	288
[354]	289
	290
[108]	291	<p>If
[5]	292	this parameter is given a non-zero value, temporally
	293	averaged vertical profile data are output. By default, profile data
	294	data are not subject to temporal averaging. The interval length is
[48]	295	limited by the parameter <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a>.
	296	In any case <b>averaging_interval_pr</b> <= <b>dt_dopr
[108]	297	</b>must
	298	hold.</p>
	299
	300
[354]	301
	302
[108]	303	If an interval is defined, then by default the average
[48]	304	is calculated
[5]	305	from the data values of all timesteps lying within this interval. The
	306	number of time levels entering into the average can be reduced with the
	307	parameter <a href="#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a>.
[108]	308
	309
[354]	310
	311
[108]	312	<p>If
[5]	313	an averaging interval can not be completed at the end of a run, it will
	314	be finished at the beginning of the next restart run. Thus for restart
	315	runs, averaging intervals do not
[108]	316	necessarily begin at the beginning of the run.</p>
	317
	318
[354]	319
	320
[108]	321	</td>
	322
	323
[354]	324
	325
[108]	326	</tr>
	327
	328
	329
[354]	330
	331
[108]	332	<tr>
	333
	334
[354]	335
	336
[108]	337	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="call_psolver_at_all_substeps"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">call_psolver_at_all_<br>
	338
	339
	340
[354]	341
	342
[108]	343	substeps</span></td>
	344
	345
[354]	346
	347
[108]	348	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	349
	350
	351
[354]	352
	353
[108]	354	</td>
	355
	356
[354]	357
	358
[108]	359	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span><br>
	360
	361
[354]	362
	363
[108]	364	</td>
	365
	366
	367
[354]	368
	369
[108]	370	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Switch
	371	to steer the call of the pressure solver.<br>
	372
	373
[354]	374
	375
[108]	376	<br>
	377
	378
	379
[354]	380
	381
[5]	382	In order to speed-up performance, the Poisson equation for perturbation
[48]	383	pressure (see <a href="#psolver">psolver</a>) can
	384	be called only at the last substep of multistep Runge-Kutta
	385	timestep schemes (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>)
	386	by setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">call_psolver_at_all_substeps</span>
	387	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>.
[5]	388	In many cases, this sufficiently reduces the divergence of the velocity
	389	field. Nevertheless, small-scale ripples (2-delta-x) may occur. In this
	390	case and in case
[48]	391	of non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions, <span style="font-weight: bold;">call_psolver_at_all_timesteps</span>
	392	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>
	393	should be used. <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></td>
[108]	394
	395
	396
[354]	397
	398
[108]	399	</tr>
	400
	401
[354]	402
	403
[108]	404	<tr>
	405
	406
[354]	407
	408
[108]	409	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	410
	411
[354]	412
	413
[108]	414	<p><a name="fcl_factor"></a><b>cfl_factor</b></p>
	415
	416
	417
[354]	418
	419
[108]	420	</td>
	421
	422
[354]	423
	424
[108]	425	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	426
	427
[354]	428
	429
[108]	430	</td>
	431
	432
	433
[354]	434
	435
[108]	436	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	437
	438
[354]	439
	440
[108]	441	<p><i>0.1,
	442	0.8 or 0.9</i> <br>
	443
	444
[354]	445
	446
[108]	447	<i>(see right)</i></p>
	448
	449
	450
[354]	451
	452
[108]	453	</td>
	454
	455
[354]	456
	457
[108]	458	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	459
	460
[354]	461
	462
[108]	463	<p lang="en-GB">Time step limiting factor.  </p>
	464
	465
	466
[354]	467
	468
[108]	469
	470
[354]	471
	472
[108]	473	<p><span lang="en-GB">In the model, the <span lang="en-GB">maximum
[48]	474	allowed </span>time step according to CFL and
	475	diffusion-criterion
	476	dt_max is reduced by </span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB">dt</span></a> <span lang="en-GB">=
	477	dt_max * <b>cfl_factor</b>
[5]	478	in order to avoid stability problems which may arise in the vicinity of
[48]	479	the maximum allowed timestep. The condition <i>0.0</i>
	480	< <b>cfl_factor</b>
[108]	481	< <i>1.0 </i>applies.<br>
	482
	483
[354]	484
	485
[108]	486	</span></p>
	487
	488
	489
[354]	490
	491
[108]	492
	493
[354]	494
	495
[108]	496	<p><span lang="en-GB">The default value of
[48]	497	cfl_factor depends on
[108]	498	the </span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#timestep_scheme"><span lang="en-GB">timestep_scheme</span></a><span lang="en-GB"> used:<br>
	499
	500
[354]	501
	502
[108]	503	</span></p>
	504
	505
[354]	506
	507
[108]	508
	509
	510
[354]	511
	512
[108]	513	<p><span lang="en-GB">For the third order Runge-Kutta scheme it
	514	is <b>cfl_factor</b> = </span><span style="font-style: italic;">0.9</span><span lang="en-GB">.<br>
	515
	516
[354]	517
	518
[108]	519	</span></p>
	520
	521
[354]	522
	523
[108]	524
	525
	526
[354]	527
	528
[108]	529	<p><span lang="en-GB">In case of the leapfrog scheme a quite
[5]	530	restrictive value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">cfl_factor</span>
[48]	531	= <span style="font-style: italic;">0.1 </span></span><span lang="en-GB">is used because for larger values the velocity
	532	divergence
[5]	533	significantly effects the accuracy of the model results.</span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#scalar_advec"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"> Possibly larger values may
	534	be used with the leapfrog scheme but these are to be determined by
	535	appropriate test runs.<span style="font-family: times new roman;"><br>
[108]	536
	537
	538
[354]	539
	540
[108]	541	</span></span></p>
	542
	543
[354]	544
	545
[108]	546	<span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"></span><font face="Times New Roman">The default value for the Euler
[48]	547	scheme is <span style="font-weight: bold;">cfl_factor</span>
	548	= <span style="font-style: italic;">0.8</span> .</font></span></td>
[108]	549
	550
	551
[354]	552
	553
[108]	554	</tr>
	555
	556
[354]	557
	558
[108]	559	<tr>
	560
	561
[354]	562
	563
[108]	564	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	565
	566
[354]	567
	568
[108]	569	<p><a name="create_disturbances"></a><b>create_disturbances</b></p>
	570
	571
	572
[354]	573
	574
[108]	575	</td>
	576
	577
[354]	578
	579
[108]	580	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	581
	582
[354]	583
	584
[108]	585	</td>
	586
	587
	588
[354]	589
	590
[108]	591	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span><br>
	592
	593
[354]	594
	595
[108]	596	</td>
	597
	598
	599
[354]	600
	601
[108]	602	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	603
	604
[354]	605
	606
[108]	607	<p>Switch to
[48]	608	impose random perturbations to the horizontal
[108]	609	velocity field.  </p>
	610
	611
[354]	612
	613
[108]	614
	615
	616
[354]	617
	618
[108]	619	<p>With <b>create_disturbances</b>
[48]	620	= <i>.T.,</i> random
[5]	621	perturbations can be imposed to the horizontal velocity field at
	622	certain times e.g. in order to trigger off the onset of convection,
[108]	623	etc..<br>
	624
	625
[354]	626
	627
[108]	628	</p>
	629
	630
[354]	631
	632
[108]	633
	634
	635
[354]	636
	637
[108]	638	<p>The temporal interval between
[48]	639	these times can be steered with <a href="#dt_disturb">dt_disturb</a>,
[5]	640	the vertical range of the perturbations with <a href="#disturbance_level_b">disturbance_level_b</a>
	641	and <a href="#disturbance_level_t">disturbance_level_t</a>,
	642	and the perturbation amplitude with <a href="#disturbance_amplitude">disturbance_amplitude</a>.
	643	In case of non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
	644	and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>),
	645	the horizontal range of the perturbations is determined by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_disturbance_begin">inflow_disturbance_begin</a>
	646	and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_disturbance_end">inflow_disturbance_end</a>.
	647	A perturbation is added to each grid point with its individual value
	648	determined by multiplying the disturbance amplitude with a uniformly
	649	distributed random number.
	650	After this, the arrays of u and v are smoothed by applying a
	651	Shuman-filter twice and made divergence-free by applying the pressure
[108]	652	solver.<br>
	653
	654
[354]	655
	656
[108]	657	</p>
	658
	659
[354]	660
	661
[108]	662
	663
	664
[354]	665
	666
[108]	667	<p>The random number generator to
[48]	668	be used can be chosen with <a href="chapter_4.1.html#random_generator">random_generator</a>.<br>
[108]	669
	670
	671
[354]	672
	673
[108]	674	</p>
	675
	676
[354]	677
	678
[108]	679
	680
	681
[354]	682
	683
[108]	684	<p>As soon as the desired flow features have
[48]	685	developed
	686	(e.g.  convection has started), further imposing of
	687	perturbations
[5]	688	is not necessary and can be omitted (this does not hold for non-cyclic
	689	lateral boundaries!). This can be steered by assigning
	690	an upper limit value for the perturbation energy (the perturbation
	691	energy is defined by the deviation of the velocity from the mean flow)
	692	using the parameter <a href="#disturbance_energy_limit">disturbance_energy_limit</a>.
	693	As soon as the perturbation energy has exceeded this energy limit, no
	694	more random perturbations are assigned<br>
[108]	695
	696
	697
[354]	698
	699
[5]	700	.  <br>
[108]	701
	702
	703
[354]	704
	705
[5]	706	Timesteps where a random perturbation has been imposed are marked in
	707	the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>
	708	by the character "D" appended to the values of the maximum horizontal
[108]	709	velocities. </p>
	710
	711
[354]	712
	713
[108]	714	</td>
	715
	716
[354]	717
	718
[108]	719	</tr>
	720
	721
[354]	722
	723
[108]	724	<tr>
	725
	726
[354]	727
	728
[108]	729	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	730
	731
[354]	732
	733
[108]	734	<p><a name="cross_normalized_x"></a><b>cross_normalized_x</b></p>
	735
	736
	737
[354]	738
	739
[108]	740	</td>
	741
	742
[354]	743
	744
[108]	745	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10
	746	<br>
	747
	748
[354]	749
	750
[108]	751	(100)</td>
	752
	753
[354]	754
	755
[108]	756	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100 * ' '</i></td>
	757
	758
	759
[354]	760
	761
[108]	762	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	763
	764
[354]	765
	766
[108]	767	<p>Type of
[48]	768	normalization applied to the x-coordinate of vertical
[5]	769	profiles to be plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.</p>
[108]	770
	771
	772
[354]	773
	774
[108]	775
	776
[354]	777
	778
[108]	779	<p>This parameter only applies for  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
	780	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	781
	782
[354]	783
	784
[108]	785
	786
[354]	787
	788
[108]	789	<p>If
[48]	790	vertical profiles are plotted with the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span> (data on
	791	local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>,
[5]	792	parameters on local file <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/PLOT1D_PAR">PLOT1D_PAR</a>)
	793	the x-values of the data points can be normalized with respect to
	794	certain quantities (e.g. the near-surface heat flux) in order to ensure
	795	a better comparability. This type of normalization then applies to all
	796	profiles of one coordinate system (panel). The normalization quantities
	797	are re-calculated for each output time of each individual profile. If
	798	temporally averaged profiles are output (see <a href="#averaging_interval_pr">averaging_interval_pr</a>),
	799	then the normalization quantities are also temporally averaged
	800	accordingly. If the value of a normalization quantity becomes zero,
	801	then normalization for the total respective coordinate system (panel)
[108]	802	is switched off automatically (also for the y-axis).<br>
	803
	804
[354]	805
	806
[108]	807	</p>
	808
	809
	810
[354]	811
	812
[108]	813
	814
[354]	815
	816
[108]	817	<p>By default, the normalization quantities are calculated as the
[5]	818	horizontal mean of the total model domain and and these values are also
	819	used for the normalization of profiles from subdomains (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>).
	820	Instead of this, they can be calculated from the data of a certain
	821	subdomain by using the parameter <a href="#normalizing_region">normalizing_region</a>
	822	(however, they are used again for all subdomains and even for the total
[108]	823	domain).  </p>
	824
	825
[354]	826
	827
[108]	828
	829
	830
[354]	831
	832
[108]	833	<p>The user can choose between
[48]	834	the following normalization
[108]	835	quantities: <br>
	836
	837
[354]	838
	839
[108]	840	</p>
	841
	842
[354]	843
	844
[108]	845
	846
	847
[354]	848
	849
[108]	850	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	851
	852
[354]	853
	854
[108]	855	<tbody>
	856
	857
[354]	858
	859
[108]	860	<tr>
	861
	862
[354]	863
	864
[108]	865	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'wpt0'</i></td>
	866
	867
	868
[354]	869
	870
[108]	871	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
[48]	872	respect
[5]	873	to the total surface sensible heat
[108]	874	flux (k=0 ).</td>
	875
	876
[354]	877
	878
[108]	879	</tr>
	880
	881
[354]	882
	883
[108]	884	<tr>
	885
	886
[354]	887
	888
[108]	889	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>'ws2'</i></td>
	890
	891
	892
[354]	893
	894
[108]	895	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
[48]	896	respect
[5]	897	to w<sub>*</sub> <sup>2</sup>
	898	(square of the characteristic vertical wind speed of the CBL)</td>
[108]	899
	900
	901
[354]	902
	903
[108]	904	</tr>
	905
	906
[354]	907
	908
[108]	909	<tr>
	910
	911
[354]	912
	913
[108]	914	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'tsw2'</i></td>
	915
	916
	917
[354]	918
	919
[108]	920	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
[48]	921	respect
[5]	922	to the square of the characteristic
[48]	923	temperature of the CBL theta<sub>*</sub> (this is defined
	924	as ratio of
[108]	925	the surface heat flux and w<sub>*</sub>).</td>
	926
	927
[354]	928
	929
[108]	930	</tr>
	931
	932
	933
[354]	934
	935
[108]	936	<tr>
	937
	938
[354]	939
	940
[108]	941	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>'ws3'</i></td>
	942
	943
	944
[354]	945
	946
[108]	947	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
[48]	948	respect
[108]	949	to w<sub>*</sub> <sup>3</sup>.</td>
	950
	951
[354]	952
	953
[108]	954	</tr>
	955
	956
	957
[354]	958
	959
[108]	960	<tr>
	961
	962
[354]	963
	964
[108]	965	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>'ws2tsw'</i></td>
	966
	967
	968
[354]	969
	970
[108]	971	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
[48]	972	respect
[5]	973	to w<sub></sub><sup>2</sup>theta<sub></sub>
	974	(for definition of theta<sub>*</sub> see <span style="font-style: italic;">'tsw2'</span>).</td>
[108]	975
	976
	977
[354]	978
	979
[108]	980	</tr>
	981
	982
[354]	983
	984
[108]	985	<tr>
	986
	987
[354]	988
	989
[108]	990	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>'wstsw2'</i></td>
	991
	992
	993
[354]	994
	995
[108]	996	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
[48]	997	respect
[5]	998	to w<sub></sub><sup>2 </sup>theta<sub></sub>
	999	(for definition of theta<sub>*</sub> see <span style="font-style: italic;">'tsw2'</span>).</td>
[108]	1000
	1001
	1002
[354]	1003
	1004
[108]	1005	</tr>
	1006
	1007
[354]	1008
	1009
[108]	1010
	1011
	1012
[354]	1013
	1014
[108]	1015	</tbody>
	1016
	1017
[354]	1018
	1019
[108]	1020	</table>
	1021
	1022
[354]	1023
	1024
[108]	1025
	1026
	1027
[354]	1028
	1029
[108]	1030	<p>For each
[48]	1031	coordinate system (panel) to be drawn (see <a href="#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a>)
	1032	an individual normalization quantity can be assigned. For example: if <span style="font-weight: bold;">cross_normalized_x</span> =
[108]	1033	<span style="font-style: italic;">'ws2'</span><i>,'ws3'</i>,
[48]	1034	then the
[5]	1035	x-values in the 1st coordinate system are normalized with respect to w<sub>*</sub><sup>2</sup>
[48]	1036	and in the 2nd system with respect to w<sub>*</sub><sup>3</sup>.
	1037	Data
[5]	1038	of the further coordinate systems (if any are to be drawn) are not
[108]	1039	normalized.  </p>
	1040
	1041
[354]	1042
	1043
[108]	1044
	1045
	1046
[354]	1047
	1048
[108]	1049	<p>Using a normalization
[48]	1050	leaves all vertical profile data on
[5]	1051	local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>
[48]	1052	unaffected, it only affects the visualization. Within <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>, the
	1053	normalization is steered
[5]	1054	by parameter <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_beschreibung.html#NORMX">normx</a>
	1055	which may be changed subsequently by the user in the parameter file
	1056	(local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_PAR">PLOT1D_PAR</a>).<br>
[108]	1057
	1058
	1059
[354]	1060
	1061
[5]	1062	<br>
[108]	1063
	1064
	1065
[354]	1066
	1067
[5]	1068	The assigned normalization quantity is noted in the axes labels of the
	1069	respective coordinate systems (see <a href="#cross_xtext">cross_xtext</a>).</p>
[108]	1070
	1071
	1072
[354]	1073
	1074
[108]	1075	</td>
	1076
	1077
[354]	1078
	1079
[108]	1080	</tr>
	1081
	1082
[354]	1083
	1084
[108]	1085	<tr>
	1086
	1087
[354]	1088
	1089
[108]	1090	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1091
	1092
[354]	1093
	1094
[108]	1095	<p><a name="cross_normalized_y"></a><b>cross_normalized_y</b></p>
	1096
	1097
	1098
[354]	1099
	1100
[108]	1101	</td>
	1102
	1103
[354]	1104
	1105
[108]	1106	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10
	1107	<br>
	1108
	1109
[354]	1110
	1111
[108]	1112	(100)</td>
	1113
	1114
[354]	1115
	1116
[108]	1117	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100 * ' '</i></td>
	1118
	1119
	1120
[354]	1121
	1122
[108]	1123	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1124
	1125
[354]	1126
	1127
[108]	1128	<p>Type of
[48]	1129	normalization applied to the y-coordinate of vertical
[5]	1130	profiles to be plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>. </p>
[108]	1131
	1132
	1133
[354]	1134
	1135
[108]	1136
	1137
[354]	1138
	1139
[108]	1140	<p>This parameter only applies for  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
	1141	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	1142
	1143
[354]	1144
	1145
[108]	1146
	1147
[354]	1148
	1149
[108]	1150	<p>If
[48]	1151	vertical profiles are plotted with the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span> (data on
	1152	local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>,
[5]	1153	parameter on local file <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/PLOT1D_PAR">PLOT1D_PAR</a>)
	1154	the y-values of the data points can be normalized with respect to
	1155	certain quantities (at present only the normalization with respect to
	1156	the boundary layer height is possible) in order to ensure a better
[108]	1157	comparability. </p>
	1158
	1159
[354]	1160
	1161
[108]	1162
	1163
	1164
[354]	1165
	1166
[108]	1167	<p>The user can choose between the
[48]	1168	following normalization
[108]	1169	quantities: <br>
	1170
	1171
[354]	1172
	1173
[108]	1174	</p>
	1175
	1176
[354]	1177
	1178
[108]	1179
	1180
	1181
[354]	1182
	1183
[108]	1184	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	1185
	1186
[354]	1187
	1188
[108]	1189	<tbody>
	1190
	1191
[354]	1192
	1193
[108]	1194	<tr>
	1195
	1196
[354]	1197
	1198
[108]	1199	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'z_i'</i></td>
	1200
	1201
	1202
[354]	1203
	1204
[108]	1205	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
[48]	1206	respect
[5]	1207	to the boundary layer height
	1208	(determined from the height where the heat flux achieves its minimum
[108]	1209	value).</td>
	1210
	1211
[354]	1212
	1213
[108]	1214	</tr>
	1215
	1216
[354]	1217
	1218
[108]	1219
	1220
	1221
[354]	1222
	1223
[108]	1224	</tbody>
	1225
	1226
[354]	1227
	1228
[108]	1229	</table>
	1230
	1231
[354]	1232
	1233
[108]	1234
	1235
	1236
[354]	1237
	1238
[108]	1239	<p>For
[48]	1240	further explanations see <a href="#cross_normalized_x">cross_normalized_x.</a></p>
[108]	1241
	1242
	1243
[354]	1244
	1245
[108]	1246	</td>
	1247
	1248
[354]	1249
	1250
[108]	1251	</tr>
	1252
	1253
[354]	1254
	1255
[108]	1256	<tr>
	1257
	1258
[354]	1259
	1260
[108]	1261	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1262
	1263
[354]	1264
	1265
[108]	1266	<p><a name="cross_profiles"></a><b>cross_profiles</b></p>
	1267
	1268
	1269
[354]	1270
	1271
[108]	1272	</td>
	1273
	1274
[354]	1275
	1276
[108]	1277	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*100
	1278	<br>
	1279
	1280
[354]	1281
	1282
[108]	1283	(100)</td>
	1284
	1285
[354]	1286
	1287
[108]	1288	<td style="vertical-align: top;">see right<br>
	1289
	1290
[354]	1291
	1292
[108]	1293	</td>
	1294
	1295
	1296
[354]	1297
	1298
[108]	1299	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1300
	1301
[354]	1302
	1303
[108]	1304	<p>Determines
[48]	1305	which vertical profiles are to be presented in
	1306	which coordinate system if the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span> is used.
[108]	1307	</p>
	1308
	1309
[354]	1310
	1311
[108]	1312
	1313
	1314
[354]	1315
	1316
[108]	1317	<p>This parameter only applies for
[48]	1318	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
[108]	1319	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	1320
	1321
[354]	1322
	1323
[108]	1324
	1325
[354]	1326
	1327
[108]	1328	<p>The
	1329	default assignment is:  </p>
	1330
	1331
[354]	1332
	1333
[108]	1334
	1335
	1336
[354]	1337
	1338
[108]	1339	<p><b>cross_profiles</b>
	1340	=  </p>
	1341
	1342
[354]	1343
	1344
[108]	1345
	1346
	1347
[354]	1348
	1349
[108]	1350	<ul>
	1351
	1352
[354]	1353
	1354
[108]	1355
	1356
	1357
[354]	1358
	1359
[108]	1360	<p><span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">'
	1361	u v ',</span><br>
	1362
	1363
[354]	1364
	1365
[108]	1366	<span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">' pt
	1367	',  </span><br style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">
	1368
	1369
[354]	1370
	1371
[108]	1372	<span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">'
	1373	w"pt" wpt wptBC wpt wptBC ',  </span><br style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">
	1374
	1375
[354]	1376
	1377
[108]	1378	<span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">'
	1379	w"u" wu wu w"v"wv wv ',  </span><br style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">
	1380
	1381
[354]	1382
	1383
[108]	1384	<span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">' km
	1385	kh ',</span><br style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">
	1386
	1387
[354]	1388
	1389
[108]	1390	<span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">' l '
[5]	1391	,</span><br>
[108]	1392
	1393
	1394
[354]	1395
	1396
[48]	1397	14 * <span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">'
[108]	1398	'</span></p>
	1399
	1400
[354]	1401
	1402
[108]	1403
	1404
	1405
[354]	1406
	1407
[108]	1408	</ul>
	1409
	1410
[354]	1411
	1412
[108]	1413
	1414
	1415
[354]	1416
	1417
[108]	1418	<p>If plot output of
[48]	1419	vertical profiles is produced (see <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>),
[5]	1420	the appropriate data are written to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>.
	1421	Simultaneously, the model produces a parameter file (local name <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_PAR">PLOT1D_PAR</a>)
	1422	which describes the layout for a plot to be generated with the plot
[48]	1423	program <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
	1424	The parameter <b>cross_profiles</b>
[5]	1425	determines how many coordinate systems (panels) the plot contains and
	1426	which profiles are supposed to be drawn into which panel. <b>cross_profiles</b>
	1427	expects a character string (up to 100 characters long) for each
	1428	coordinate system, which consists of the names of the profiles to be
	1429	drawn into this system (all available profiles and their respective
	1430	names are described at parameter <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>).
	1431	The single names have to be separated by one blank (' ') and a blank
[48]	1432	must be spent also at the beginning and at the end of the
[108]	1433	string.  </p>
	1434
	1435
[354]	1436
	1437
[108]	1438
	1439
	1440
[354]	1441
	1442
[108]	1443	<p>Example:  </p>
	1444
	1445
[354]	1446
	1447
[108]	1448
	1449
	1450
[354]	1451
	1452
[108]	1453	<ul>
	1454
	1455
	1456
[354]	1457
	1458
[108]	1459
	1460
[354]	1461
	1462
[108]	1463	<p><b>cross_profiles</b> = <span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">' u v ',
	1464	' pt '</span></p>
	1465
	1466
[354]	1467
	1468
[108]	1469
	1470
	1471
[354]	1472
	1473
[108]	1474	</ul>
	1475
	1476
[354]	1477
	1478
[108]	1479
	1480
	1481
[354]	1482
	1483
[108]	1484	<p>In this case the
[48]	1485	plot consists of two coordinate systems
[5]	1486	(panels) with the first panel containing the profiles of the horizontal
[48]	1487	velocity components (<span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>
	1488	and <span style="font-style: italic;">'v'</span>)
	1489	of all output times (see <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a>)
[5]	1490	and the second one containing the profiles of the potential temperature
	1491	(<span style="font-style: italic;">'pt'</span>).<br>
[108]	1492
	1493
	1494
[354]	1495
	1496
[108]	1497	</p>
	1498
	1499
[354]	1500
	1501
[108]	1502
	1503
	1504
[354]	1505
	1506
[108]	1507	<p>Whether the coordinate systems are actually drawn,
[48]	1508	depends on
[5]	1509	whether data of the appropriate profiles were output during the run
	1510	(profiles to be output have to be selected with the parameter <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>).
[48]	1511	For example if <b>data_output_pr</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v'</span> was assigned,
	1512	then
[5]	1513	the plot only consists of one panel, since no profiles of the potential
	1514	temperature were output. On the other hand, if profiles were assigned
	1515	to <b>data_output_pr </b>whose names do not appear in <b>cross_profiles</b>,
	1516	then the respective profile data are output (<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>)
[108]	1517	but they are not drawn in the plot. <br>
	1518
	1519
[354]	1520
	1521
[108]	1522	</p>
	1523
	1524
	1525
[354]	1526
	1527
[5]	1528	The arrangement of the panels in the plot can be controlled
	1529	with the parameters <a href="#profile_columns">profile_columns</a>
	1530	and <a href="#profile_rows">profile_rows</a>.
	1531	Up to 100 panels systems are allowed in a plot (however, they may be
[108]	1532	distributed on several pages).</td>
	1533
	1534
[354]	1535
	1536
[108]	1537	</tr>
	1538
	1539
[354]	1540
	1541
[108]	1542	<tr>
	1543
	1544
[354]	1545
	1546
[108]	1547	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1548
	1549
[354]	1550
	1551
[108]	1552	<p><a name="cross_xtext"></a><b>cross_xtext</b></p>
	1553
	1554
	1555
[354]	1556
	1557
[108]	1558	</td>
	1559
	1560
[354]	1561
	1562
[108]	1563	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*40
	1564	<br>
	1565
	1566
[354]	1567
	1568
[108]	1569	(100)</td>
	1570
	1571
[354]	1572
	1573
[108]	1574	<td style="vertical-align: top;">see right<br>
	1575
	1576
[354]	1577
	1578
[108]	1579	</td>
	1580
	1581
	1582
[354]	1583
	1584
[108]	1585	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1586
	1587
[354]	1588
	1589
[108]	1590	<p>x-axis labels
[48]	1591	of vertical profile coordinate systems to be
	1592	plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
[108]	1593	</p>
	1594
	1595
[354]	1596
	1597
[108]	1598
	1599
	1600
[354]	1601
	1602
[108]	1603	<p>This parameter only applies for  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
	1604	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	1605
	1606
[354]	1607
	1608
[108]	1609
	1610
[354]	1611
	1612
[108]	1613	<p>The
	1614	default assignment is:  </p>
	1615
	1616
[354]	1617
	1618
[108]	1619
	1620
	1621
[354]	1622
	1623
[108]	1624	<p><b>cross_xtext</b>
	1625	=  </p>
	1626
	1627
[354]	1628
	1629
[108]	1630
	1631
	1632
[354]	1633
	1634
[108]	1635	<ul>
	1636
	1637
[354]	1638
	1639
[108]	1640
	1641
	1642
[354]	1643
	1644
[108]	1645	<p><span style="font-style: italic;">'wind speed in
	1646	ms>->1',  </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
	1647
	1648
[354]	1649
	1650
[108]	1651	<span style="font-style: italic;">'pot. temperature in
[5]	1652	K',  </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
[108]	1653
	1654
	1655
[354]	1656
	1657
[108]	1658	<span style="font-style: italic;">'heat flux in K
	1659	ms>->1',  </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
	1660
	1661
[354]	1662
	1663
[108]	1664	<span style="font-style: italic;">'momentum flux in
	1665	m>2s>2',  </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
	1666
	1667
[354]	1668
	1669
[108]	1670	<span style="font-style: italic;">'eddy diffusivity in
	1671	m>2s>->1',  </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
	1672
	1673
[354]	1674
	1675
[108]	1676	<span style="font-style: italic;">'mixing length in m',</span>
	1677	<br>
	1678
	1679
[354]	1680
	1681
[108]	1682	14 * <span style="font-style: italic;">' '</span></p>
	1683
	1684
	1685
[354]	1686
	1687
[108]	1688
	1689
[354]	1690
	1691
[108]	1692	</ul>
	1693
	1694
[354]	1695
	1696
[108]	1697
	1698
	1699
[354]	1700
	1701
[108]	1702	<p>This parameter can be used to assign x-axis
[48]	1703	labels to vertical
	1704	profiles to be plotted with the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil </span>(for output
	1705	of vertical
[5]	1706	profile data see <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>).<br>
[108]	1707
	1708
	1709
[354]	1710
	1711
[5]	1712	The labels are assigned to those coordinate systems (panels) defined by
[108]	1713	<a href="#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a>
[5]	1714	according to their respective order (compare the default values of <b>cross_xtext</b>
[108]	1715	and <b>cross_profiles</b>). </p>
	1716
	1717
[354]	1718
	1719
[108]	1720
	1721
	1722
[354]	1723
	1724
[108]	1725	<p>Umlauts
[493]	1726	are possible (write “ in front of, similar to TeX), as
[48]	1727	well as super- and subscripts (use ">" or "<" in front of
	1728	each
[5]	1729	character), special characters etc. (see UNIRAS manuals) when using the
	1730	plot software <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_beschreibung.html#chapter3.2.6">profil</a>.</p>
[108]	1731
	1732
	1733
[354]	1734
	1735
[108]	1736	</td>
	1737
	1738
[354]	1739
	1740
[108]	1741	</tr>
	1742
	1743
[354]	1744
	1745
[108]	1746	<tr>
	1747
	1748
[354]	1749
	1750
[108]	1751	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1752
	1753
[354]	1754
	1755
[108]	1756	<p><a name="cycle_mg"></a><b>cycle_mg</b></p>
	1757
	1758
	1759
[354]	1760
	1761
[108]	1762	</td>
	1763
	1764
[354]	1765
	1766
[108]	1767	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*1</td>
	1768
	1769
	1770
[354]	1771
	1772
[108]	1773	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'w'</i></td>
	1774
	1775
	1776
[354]	1777
	1778
[108]	1779	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1780
	1781
[354]	1782
	1783
[108]	1784	<p>Type of cycle
	1785	to be used with the multi-grid method.  </p>
	1786
	1787
[354]	1788
	1789
[108]	1790
	1791
	1792
[354]	1793
	1794
[108]	1795	<p>This
[48]	1796	parameter determines which type of cycle is applied in
[5]	1797	the multi-grid method used for solving the Poisson equation for
	1798	perturbation pressure (see <a href="#psolver">psolver</a>).
	1799	It defines in which way it is switched between the fine and coarse
	1800	grids. So-called v- and w-cycles are realized (i.e. <b>cycle_mg</b>
[48]	1801	may be assigned the values <i>'v'</i> or <i>'w'</i>).
	1802	The
[5]	1803	computational cost of w-cycles is much higher than that of v-cycles,
[108]	1804	however, w-cycles give a much better convergence. </p>
	1805
	1806
[354]	1807
	1808
[108]	1809	</td>
	1810
	1811
	1812
[354]	1813
	1814
[108]	1815	</tr>
	1816
	1817
[354]	1818
	1819
[108]	1820	<tr>
	1821
	1822
[354]	1823
	1824
[108]	1825	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1826
	1827
[354]	1828
	1829
[108]	1830	<p><a name="data_output"></a><b>data_output</b></p>
	1831
	1832
	1833
[354]	1834
	1835
[108]	1836	</td>
	1837
	1838
[354]	1839
	1840
[108]	1841	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10 (100)<br>
	1842
	1843
	1844
[354]	1845
	1846
[108]	1847	</td>
	1848
	1849
[354]	1850
	1851
[108]	1852	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">100 * ' '</span><br>
	1853
	1854
	1855
[354]	1856
	1857
[108]	1858	</td>
	1859
	1860
[354]	1861
	1862
[108]	1863	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Quantities
	1864	for which 2d cross section and/or 3d volume data are to be output.<br>
	1865
	1866
[354]	1867
	1868
[108]	1869	<br>
	1870
	1871
[354]	1872
	1873
[108]	1874	PALM
[5]	1875	allows the output of instantaneous data as well as of temporally
	1876	averaged data which is steered by the strings assigned to this
[108]	1877	parameter (see below).<br>
	1878
	1879
[354]	1880
	1881
[108]	1882	<br>
	1883
	1884
[354]	1885
	1886
[108]	1887	By default, cross section
[48]	1888	data are output (depending on the selected cross sections(s), see
	1889	below)  to local files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF">DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF</a>,
[108]	1890	<a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF">DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF</a>
[48]	1891	and/or <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_2D_YZ_NETCDF">DATA_2D_YZ_NETCDF</a>.
	1892	Volume data are output to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_3D_NETCDF">DATA_3D_NETCDF</a>.
	1893	If the user has switched on the output of temporally averaged data,
	1894	these are written seperately to local files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_2D_XY_AV_NETCDF">DATA_2D_XY_AV_NETCDF</a>,
[108]	1895	<a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF">DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF</a>,
	1896	<a href="chapter_4.3.html#DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF">DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF</a>,
[48]	1897	and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF">DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF</a>,
[108]	1898	respectively.<br>
	1899
	1900
[354]	1901
	1902
[108]	1903	<br>
	1904
	1905
[354]	1906
	1907
[108]	1908	The
[5]	1909	filenames already suggest that all files have NetCDF format.
	1910	Informations about the file content (kind of quantities, array
	1911	dimensions and grid coordinates) are part of the self describing NetCDF
	1912	format and can be extracted from the NetCDF files using the command
[48]	1913	"ncdump -c <filename>". See chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a> about processing
[108]	1914	the PALM NetCDF data.<br>
	1915
	1916
[354]	1917
	1918
[108]	1919	<br>
	1920
	1921
[354]	1922
	1923
[108]	1924	The following quantities are
	1925	available for output by default (quantity names ending with '*' are only allowed for the output of horizontal cross sections):<br>
	1926
	1927
[354]	1928
	1929
[108]	1930	<br>
	1931
	1932
[354]	1933
	1934
[108]	1935
	1936
[354]	1937
	1938
[108]	1939	<table style="text-align: left; width: 576px; height: 481px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	1940
	1941
[354]	1942
	1943
[108]	1944	<tbody>
	1945
	1946
[354]	1947
	1948
[108]	1949	<tr>
	1950
	1951
[354]	1952
	1953
[108]	1954	<td style="width: 106px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">quantity
	1955	name</span></td>
	1956
	1957
[354]	1958
	1959
[108]	1960	<td style="width: 196px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">meaning</span></td>
	1961
	1962
[354]	1963
	1964
[108]	1965	<td><span style="font-weight: bold;">unit</span></td>
	1966
	1967
[354]	1968
	1969
[108]	1970	<td><span style="font-weight: bold;">remarks</span></td>
	1971
	1972
[354]	1973
	1974
[108]	1975	</tr>
	1976
	1977
[354]	1978
	1979
[108]	1980	<tr>
	1981
	1982
[354]	1983
	1984
[108]	1985	<td style="width: 106px;"><span style="font-style: italic;">e</span></td>
	1986
	1987
[354]	1988
	1989
[108]	1990	<td style="width: 196px;">SGS TKE</td>
	1991
	1992
[354]	1993
	1994
[108]	1995	<td>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup></td>
	1996
	1997
[354]	1998
	1999
[493]	2000	<td><br>
	2001	</td>
[108]	2002
	2003
[354]	2004
	2005
[108]	2006	</tr>
	2007
	2008
[354]	2009
	2010
[108]	2011	<tr>
	2012
	2013
[354]	2014
	2015
[108]	2016	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">lwp*</span></td>
	2017
	2018
[354]	2019
	2020
[108]	2021	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">liquid water path</td>
	2022
	2023
[354]	2024
	2025
[108]	2026	<td style="vertical-align: top;">m</td>
	2027
	2028
[354]	2029
	2030
[108]	2031	<td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
[48]	2032	is allowed, requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a>
[108]	2033	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2034
	2035
[354]	2036
	2037
[108]	2038	</tr>
	2039
	2040
[354]	2041
	2042
[108]	2043	<tr>
	2044
	2045
[354]	2046
	2047
[108]	2048	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">p</span></td>
	2049
	2050
[354]	2051
	2052
[108]	2053	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">perturpation
	2054	pressure</td>
	2055
	2056
[354]	2057
	2058
[108]	2059	<td style="vertical-align: top;">N/m<sup>2</sup>,
	2060	Pa</td>
	2061
	2062
[354]	2063
	2064
[493]	2065	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	2066	</td>
[108]	2067
	2068
[354]	2069
	2070
[108]	2071	</tr>
	2072
	2073
[354]	2074
	2075
[108]	2076	<tr>
	2077
	2078
[354]	2079
	2080
[108]	2081	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">pc</span></td>
	2082
	2083
[354]	2084
	2085
[108]	2086	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">particle/droplet
	2087	concentration</td>
	2088
	2089
[354]	2090
	2091
[108]	2092	<td style="vertical-align: top;">#/gridbox</td>
	2093
	2094
[354]	2095
	2096
[108]	2097	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires that particle
[48]	2098	advection is switched on by <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-option
[108]	2099	"-p particles"</td>
	2100
	2101
[354]	2102
	2103
[108]	2104	</tr>
	2105
	2106
[354]	2107
	2108
[108]	2109	<tr>
	2110
	2111
[354]	2112
	2113
[108]	2114	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">pr</span></td>
	2115
	2116
[354]	2117
	2118
[108]	2119	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">mean
	2120	particle/droplet radius </td>
	2121
	2122
[354]	2123
	2124
[108]	2125	<td style="vertical-align: top;">m</td>
	2126
	2127
[354]	2128
	2129
[108]	2130	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires that particle
[48]	2131	advection is switched on by <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-option
[108]	2132	"-p particles"</td>
	2133
	2134
[354]	2135
	2136
[108]	2137	</tr>
	2138
	2139
[354]	2140
	2141
[108]	2142	<tr>
	2143
	2144
[354]	2145
	2146
[108]	2147	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">pra*</span></td>
	2148
	2149
[354]	2150
	2151
[108]	2152	<td style="vertical-align: top;">precipitation amount</td>
	2153
	2154
[354]	2155
	2156
[108]	2157	<td style="vertical-align: top;">mm</td>
	2158
	2159
[354]	2160
	2161
[108]	2162	<td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
[72]	2163	is allowed, requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#precipitation">precipitation</a>
[108]	2164	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE., </span>time interval on which amount refers to is defined by <a href="#precipitation_amount_interval">precipitation_amount_interval</a></td>
	2165
	2166
[354]	2167
	2168
[108]	2169	</tr>
	2170
	2171
[354]	2172
	2173
[108]	2174	<tr>
	2175
	2176
[354]	2177
	2178
[108]	2179	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">prr*</span></td>
	2180
	2181
[354]	2182
	2183
[108]	2184	<td style="vertical-align: top;">precipitation rate</td>
	2185
	2186
[354]	2187
	2188
[108]	2189	<td style="vertical-align: top;">mm/s</td>
	2190
	2191
[354]	2192
	2193
[108]	2194	<td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
[72]	2195	is allowed, requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#precipitation">precipitation</a>
[108]	2196	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2197
	2198
[354]	2199
	2200
[108]	2201	</tr>
	2202
	2203
[354]	2204
	2205
[108]	2206	<tr>
	2207
	2208
[354]	2209
	2210
[108]	2211	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">pt</span></td>
	2212
	2213
[354]	2214
	2215
[108]	2216	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">potential
	2217	temperature<br>
	2218
	2219
[354]	2220
	2221
[108]	2222	</td>
	2223
	2224
[354]	2225
	2226
[108]	2227	<td style="vertical-align: top;">K</td>
	2228
	2229
[354]	2230
	2231
[493]	2232	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	2233	</td>
[108]	2234
	2235
[354]	2236
	2237
[108]	2238	</tr>
	2239
	2240
[354]	2241
	2242
[108]	2243	<tr>
	2244
	2245
[354]	2246
	2247
[108]	2248	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">q</span></td>
	2249
	2250
[354]	2251
	2252
[108]	2253	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">specific humidity
	2254	(or total water content, if cloud physics is switched on)</td>
	2255
	2256
[354]	2257
	2258
[108]	2259	<td style="vertical-align: top;">kg/kg</td>
	2260
	2261
[354]	2262
	2263
[108]	2264	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#humidity">humidity</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2265
	2266
[354]	2267
	2268
[108]	2269	</tr>
	2270
	2271
[354]	2272
	2273
[108]	2274	<tr>
	2275
	2276
[354]	2277
	2278
[108]	2279	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ql</span></td>
	2280
	2281
[354]	2282
	2283
[108]	2284	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">liquid water
	2285	content</td>
	2286
	2287
[354]	2288
	2289
[108]	2290	<td style="vertical-align: top;">kg/kg</td>
	2291
	2292
[354]	2293
	2294
[108]	2295	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a>
[48]	2296	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>
	2297	or <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>
[108]	2298	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2299
	2300
[354]	2301
	2302
[108]	2303	</tr>
	2304
	2305
[354]	2306
	2307
[108]	2308	<tr>
	2309
	2310
[354]	2311
	2312
[108]	2313	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ql_c</span></td>
	2314
	2315
[354]	2316
	2317
[108]	2318	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">change in liquid
	2319	water content due to condensation/evaporation during last timestep</td>
	2320
	2321
[354]	2322
	2323
[108]	2324	<td style="vertical-align: top;">kg/kg</td>
	2325
	2326
[354]	2327
	2328
[108]	2329	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>
	2330	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2331
	2332
[354]	2333
	2334
[108]	2335	</tr>
	2336
	2337
[354]	2338
	2339
[108]	2340	<tr>
	2341
	2342
[354]	2343
	2344
[108]	2345	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ql_v</span></td>
	2346
	2347
[354]	2348
	2349
[108]	2350	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">volume of liquid
	2351	water</td>
	2352
	2353
[354]	2354
	2355
[108]	2356	<td style="vertical-align: top;">m<sup>3</sup>/gridbox</td>
	2357
	2358
[354]	2359
	2360
[108]	2361	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>
	2362	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2363
	2364
[354]	2365
	2366
[108]	2367	</tr>
	2368
	2369
[354]	2370
	2371
[108]	2372	<tr>
	2373
	2374
[354]	2375
	2376
[108]	2377	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ql_vp</span></td>
	2378
	2379
[354]	2380
	2381
[108]	2382	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">weighting factor</td>
	2383
	2384
[354]	2385
	2386
[493]	2387	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	2388	</td>
[108]	2389
	2390
[354]	2391
	2392
[108]	2393	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>
	2394	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2395
	2396
[354]	2397
	2398
[108]	2399	</tr>
	2400
	2401
[354]	2402
	2403
[108]	2404	<tr>
	2405
[354]	2406	<td>qsws*</td>
[108]	2407
[354]	2408	<td>latent surface heatflux</td>
	2409
	2410	<td>kg/kg * m/s</td>
	2411
	2412	<td>only horizontal cross section is allowed, requires humidity = .TRUE. </td>
	2413
	2414	</tr>
	2415
	2416	<tr>
	2417
	2418
	2419
	2420
[108]	2421	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">qv</span></td>
	2422
	2423
[354]	2424
	2425
[108]	2426	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">water vapor
	2427	content (specific humidity)</td>
	2428
	2429
[354]	2430
	2431
[108]	2432	<td style="vertical-align: top;">kg/kg</td>
	2433
	2434
[354]	2435
	2436
[108]	2437	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a>
	2438	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2439
	2440
[354]	2441
	2442
[108]	2443	</tr>
	2444
	2445
[354]	2446
	2447
[108]	2448	<tr>
	2449
	2450
[354]	2451
	2452
[108]	2453	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">rho</span></td>
	2454
	2455
[354]	2456
	2457
[108]	2458	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">potential density</td>
	2459
	2460
[354]	2461
	2462
[108]	2463	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">kg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
	2464
	2465
[354]	2466
	2467
[108]	2468	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>
	2469	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2470
	2471
[354]	2472
	2473
[108]	2474	</tr>
	2475
	2476
[354]	2477
	2478
[108]	2479	<tr>
	2480
	2481
[354]	2482
	2483
[108]	2484	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">s</span></td>
	2485
	2486
[354]	2487
	2488
[108]	2489	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">concentration of
	2490	the scalar</td>
	2491
	2492
[354]	2493
	2494
[108]	2495	<td style="vertical-align: top;">1/m<sup>3</sup></td>
	2496
	2497
[354]	2498
	2499
[108]	2500	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>
	2501	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2502
	2503
[354]	2504
	2505
[108]	2506	</tr>
	2507
	2508
[354]	2509
	2510
[108]	2511	<tr>
	2512
	2513
[354]	2514
	2515
[108]	2516	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">sa</span></td>
	2517
	2518
[354]	2519
	2520
[108]	2521	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">salinity</td>
	2522
	2523
[354]	2524
	2525
[108]	2526	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">psu</td>
	2527
	2528
[354]	2529
	2530
[108]	2531	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>
	2532	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2533
	2534
[354]	2535
	2536
[108]	2537	</tr>
	2538
	2539
[354]	2540
	2541
[108]	2542	<tr>
	2543
[354]	2544	<td>shf*</td>
[108]	2545
[354]	2546	<td>sensible surface heatflux</td>
	2547
	2548	<td>K m/s</td>
	2549
	2550	<td>only horizontal cross section is allowed</td>
	2551
	2552	</tr>
	2553
	2554	<tr>
	2555
	2556
	2557
	2558
[108]	2559	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">t*</span></td>
	2560
	2561
[354]	2562
	2563
[108]	2564	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">(near surface)
	2565	characteristic temperature</td>
	2566
	2567
[354]	2568
	2569
[108]	2570	<td style="vertical-align: top;">K</td>
	2571
	2572
[354]	2573
	2574
[108]	2575	<td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
	2576	is allowed</td>
	2577
	2578
[354]	2579
	2580
[108]	2581	</tr>
	2582
	2583
[354]	2584
	2585
[108]	2586	<tr>
	2587
	2588
[354]	2589
	2590
[108]	2591	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">u</span></td>
	2592
	2593
[354]	2594
	2595
[108]	2596	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">u-component of
	2597	the velocity</td>
	2598
	2599
[354]	2600
	2601
[108]	2602	<td style="vertical-align: top;">m/s</td>
	2603
	2604
[354]	2605
	2606
[493]	2607	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	2608	</td>
[108]	2609
	2610
[354]	2611
	2612
[108]	2613	</tr>
	2614
	2615
[354]	2616
	2617
[108]	2618	<tr>
	2619
	2620
[354]	2621
	2622
[108]	2623	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">u*</span></td>
	2624
	2625
[354]	2626
	2627
[108]	2628	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">(near surface)
	2629	friction velocity</td>
	2630
	2631
[354]	2632
	2633
[108]	2634	<td style="vertical-align: top;">m/s</td>
	2635
	2636
[354]	2637
	2638
[108]	2639	<td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
	2640	is allowed</td>
	2641
	2642
[354]	2643
	2644
[108]	2645	</tr>
	2646
	2647
[354]	2648
	2649
[108]	2650	<tr>
	2651
	2652
[354]	2653
	2654
[108]	2655	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">v</span></td>
	2656
	2657
[354]	2658
	2659
[108]	2660	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">v-component of
	2661	the velocity</td>
	2662
	2663
[354]	2664
	2665
[108]	2666	<td style="vertical-align: top;">m/s</td>
	2667
	2668
[354]	2669
	2670
[493]	2671	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	2672	</td>
[108]	2673
	2674
[354]	2675
	2676
[108]	2677	</tr>
	2678
	2679
[354]	2680
	2681
[108]	2682	<tr>
	2683
	2684
[354]	2685
	2686
[108]	2687	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">vpt</span></td>
	2688
	2689
[354]	2690
	2691
[108]	2692	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">virtual potential
	2693	temperature</td>
	2694
	2695
[354]	2696
	2697
[108]	2698	<td style="vertical-align: top;">K</td>
	2699
	2700
[354]	2701
	2702
[108]	2703	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#humidity">humidity</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2704
	2705
[354]	2706
	2707
[108]	2708	</tr>
	2709
	2710
[354]	2711
	2712
[108]	2713	<tr>
	2714
	2715
[354]	2716
	2717
[108]	2718	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">w</span></td>
	2719
	2720
[354]	2721
	2722
[108]	2723	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">w-component of
	2724	the velocity</td>
	2725
	2726
[354]	2727
	2728
[108]	2729	<td style="vertical-align: top;">m/s</td>
	2730
	2731
[354]	2732
	2733
[493]	2734	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	2735	</td>
[108]	2736
	2737
[354]	2738
	2739
[108]	2740	</tr>
	2741
	2742
[354]	2743
	2744
[108]	2745	<tr>
	2746
	2747
[354]	2748
	2749
[108]	2750	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">z0*</span></td>
	2751
	2752
[354]	2753
	2754
[108]	2755	<td style="vertical-align: top;">roughness length</td>
	2756
	2757
[354]	2758
	2759
[108]	2760	<td style="vertical-align: top;">m</td>
	2761
	2762
[354]	2763
	2764
[493]	2765	<td><br>
	2766	</td>
[108]	2767
	2768
[354]	2769
	2770
[108]	2771	</tr>
	2772
	2773
[354]	2774
	2775
[108]	2776
	2777
[354]	2778
	2779
[108]	2780	</tbody>
	2781
	2782
[354]	2783
	2784
[108]	2785	</table>
	2786
	2787
[354]	2788
	2789
[108]	2790	<br>
	2791
	2792
[354]	2793
	2794
[108]	2795	Multiple
[48]	2796	quantities can be assigned, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span>
[108]	2797	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'e'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w'</span>.<br>
	2798
	2799
[354]	2800
	2801
[108]	2802	<br>
	2803
	2804
[354]	2805
	2806
[108]	2807	By
[5]	2808	assigning the pure strings from the above table, 3d volume data is
[48]	2809	output. Cross section data can be output by appending the string <span style="font-style: italic;">'_xy'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'_xz'</span>, or <span style="font-style: italic;">'_yz'</span> to the
	2810	respective quantities. Time averaged output is created by
	2811	appending the string <span style="font-style: italic;">'_av'
[108]	2812	</span>(for
[5]	2813	cross section data, this string must be appended after the cross
	2814	section string). Cross section data can also be (additionally) averaged
	2815	along the direction normal to the respective section (see below).
	2816	Assignments of quantities can be given in arbitrary
[108]	2817	order:<br>
	2818
	2819
[354]	2820
	2821
[108]	2822	<br>
	2823
	2824
[354]	2825
	2826
[108]	2827	Example:<br>
	2828
	2829
[354]	2830
	2831
[108]	2832	<br>
	2833
	2834
[354]	2835
	2836
[108]	2837
	2838
[354]	2839
	2840
[108]	2841	<div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt_xz_av'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w_xy'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'u_av'</span>.<br>
	2842
	2843
[354]	2844
	2845
[108]	2846	</div>
	2847
	2848
[354]	2849
	2850
[108]	2851	<br>
	2852
	2853
[354]	2854
	2855
[108]	2856	This
[5]	2857	example will create the following output: instantaneous 3d volume data
	2858	of u-velocity component (by default on file DATA_3D_NETCDF), temporally
	2859	averaged 3d volume data of u-velocity component (by default on file
	2860	DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF), instantaneous horizontal cross section data of
	2861	w-velocity component (by default on file DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF), and
	2862	temporally averaged vertical cross section data of potential
[108]	2863	temperature (by default on file DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF).<br>
	2864
	2865
[354]	2866
	2867
[108]	2868	<br>
	2869
	2870
[354]	2871
	2872
[108]	2873	The
[48]	2874	user is allowed to extend the above list of quantities by defining his
[108]	2875	own output quantities (see the user-parameter <a href="chapter_4.3.html#data_output_user">data_output_user</a>).<br>
	2876
	2877
[354]	2878
	2879
[108]	2880	<br>
	2881
	2882
[354]	2883
	2884
[108]	2885	The
[48]	2886	time interval of the output times is determined via <a href="#dt_data_output">dt_data_output</a>.
[5]	2887	This is valid for all types of output quantities by default. Individual
[48]	2888	time intervals for instantaneous  (!) 3d and section data can
	2889	be
[108]	2890	declared using <a href="#dt_do3d">dt_do3d</a>, <a href="#dt_do2d_xy">dt_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="#dt_do2d_xz">dt_do2d_xz</a>, and <a href="#dt_do2d_yz">dt_do2d_yz</a>.<br>
	2891
	2892
[354]	2893
	2894
[108]	2895	<br>
	2896
	2897
[354]	2898
	2899
[108]	2900	Also,
[48]	2901	an individual time interval for output of temporally averaged data can
	2902	be assigned using parameter <a href="#dt_data_output_av">dt_data_output_av</a>.
	2903	This applies to both 3d volume and cross section data. The length of
[108]	2904	the averaging interval is controlled via parameter <a href="#averaging_interval">averaging_interval</a>.<br>
	2905
	2906
[354]	2907
	2908
[108]	2909	<br>
	2910
	2911
[354]	2912
	2913
[108]	2914	The
[48]	2915	parameter <a href="#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_data_output</a>
	2916	can be used to shift data output activities for a given time interval.
	2917	Individual intervals can be set using <a href="#skip_time_do3d">skip_time_do3d</a>,
[108]	2918	<a href="#skip_time_do2d_xy">skip_time_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xz">skip_time_do2d_xz</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_yz">skip_time_do2d_yz</a>, and <a href="#skip_time_data_output_av">skip_time_data_output_av</a>.<br>
	2919
	2920
[354]	2921
	2922
[108]	2923
	2924
[354]	2925
	2926
[108]	2927	<p>With
[48]	2928	the parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#nz_do3d">nz_do3d</a>
[5]	2929	the output can be limited in the vertical direction up to a certain
[108]	2930	grid point.<br>
	2931
	2932
[354]	2933
	2934
[108]	2935	</p>
	2936
	2937
[354]	2938
	2939
[108]	2940	Cross sections extend through the
[48]	2941	total model
	2942	domain. In the two horizontal directions all grid points with 0
	2943	<= i
[5]	2944	<= nx+1 and 0 <= j
[48]	2945	<= ny+1 are output so that in case of cyclic boundary conditions
	2946	the
	2947	complete total domain is represented. The location(s) of the cross
	2948	sections can be defined with parameters <a href="#section_xy">section_xy</a>,
[108]	2949	<a href="#section_xz">section_xz</a>, and <a href="#section_yz">section_yz</a>. Assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_..</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span>
[48]	2950	causes the output data to be averaged along the direction
[108]	2951	normal to the respective section.<br>
	2952
	2953
[354]	2954
	2955
[108]	2956	<br>
	2957
	2958
[354]	2959
	2960
[108]	2961	<br>
	2962
	2963
[354]	2964
	2965
[108]	2966	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Output of user defined quantities:</span><br>
	2967
	2968
[354]	2969
	2970
[108]	2971	<br>
	2972
	2973
[354]	2974
	2975
[108]	2976	Beside
[5]	2977	the standard quantities from the above list, the user can output any
	2978	other quantities. These have to be defined and calculated within the
[48]	2979	user-defined code (see <a href="chapter_3.5.4.html">3.5.4</a>).
	2980	They can be selected for output with the user-parameter <a href="chapter_4.3.html#data_output_user">data_output_user</a>
	2981	for which the same rules apply as for <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span>.
[5]	2982	Output of the user defined quantities (time interval, averaging,
	2983	selection of cross sections, etc.) is controlled with the parameters
	2984	listed above and data are written to the same file(s) as the standard
[108]	2985	quantities.<br>
	2986
	2987
[354]	2988
	2989
[108]	2990	<br>
	2991
	2992
[354]	2993
	2994
[108]	2995
	2996
[354]	2997
	2998
[108]	2999	<p style="font-weight: bold;">Output
	3000	on parallel machines:</p>
	3001
	3002
[354]	3003
	3004
[108]	3005
	3006
[354]	3007
	3008
[108]	3009	<p>
[5]	3010	By default, with parallel runs, processors output only data
	3011	of their respective subdomains into seperate local files (file names
	3012	are
	3013	constructed by appending the four digit processor ID, e.g.
[48]	3014	<filename>_0000, <filename>_0001, etc.).
	3015	After PALM has
[5]	3016	finished, the contents of these individual
[48]	3017	files are sampled into one final file<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>
	3018	using the program <tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">combine_plot_fields.x</font></tt>
[5]	3019	(to be started e.g. by a suitable OUTPUT command in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>
[108]	3020	configuration file).</p>
	3021
	3022
[354]	3023
	3024
[108]	3025
	3026
	3027
[354]	3028
	3029
[108]	3030	<p>Alternatively, PALM is able to
[48]	3031	collect all grid points of a
	3032	cross section on PE0 before output is done. In this case only
	3033	one
[5]	3034	output file (DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF, etc.) is created and <tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">combine_plot_fields.x</font></tt>
[48]	3035	does not have to be called. In case of very large numbers of horizontal
	3036	gridpoints, sufficient
	3037	memory is required on PE0.  This method can be used by
	3038	assigning <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_2d_on_each_pe">data_output_2d_on_each_pe</a>
[108]	3039	= <i>.F.</i>.</p>
	3040
	3041
[354]	3042
	3043
[108]	3044
	3045
[354]	3046
	3047
[108]	3048	<p>3d volume data output is
[48]	3049	always handled seperately by each processor so that <span style="font-family: monospace;">combine_plot_fields.x</span>
[108]	3050	has to be called anyway after PALM has been finished.</p>
	3051
	3052
[354]	3053
	3054
[108]	3055
	3056
[354]	3057
	3058
[108]	3059	<p><br>
	3060
	3061
[354]	3062
	3063
[108]	3064	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Old formats:</span></p>
	3065
	3066
	3067
[354]	3068
	3069
[108]	3070
	3071
[354]	3072
	3073
[108]	3074	<p>Beside
[48]	3075	the NetCDF format, 2d cross section data and 3d volume data
	3076	can
[5]	3077	also be output, for historical reasons, in a different (binary) format
[108]	3078	using parameter <a href="#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>.</p>
	3079
	3080
[354]	3081
	3082
[108]	3083
	3084
[354]	3085
	3086
[108]	3087	<p>By
[48]	3088	assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format
[108]	3089	</span>= <span style="font-style: italic;">'avs'</span>,
[48]	3090	the 3d volume data is output to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT3D_DATA">PLOT3D_DATA</a>.
[5]	3091	Output is in FORTRAN binary format readable by
	3092	the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">AVS</span>.
	3093	The order of data on the file follows the order used in the assignment
[48]	3094	for <b>data_output</b> (e.g. <b>data_output</b>
	3095	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'p'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v'</span>,...
[5]	3096	means that the file starts with the pressure data, followed by the
	3097	v-component of the velocity, etc.). Both instantaneous and time
	3098	averaged data are written on this file! Additional to this file, PALM
	3099	creates
	3100	a second binary file (local name <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT3D_COOR">PLOT3D_COOR</a>)
	3101	with coordinate information needed by <span style="font-weight: bold;">AVS</span>.
	3102	As third and
	3103	fourth file two ASCII files are created (AVS-FLD-format, local name <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT3D_FLD">PLOT3D_FLD</a>
	3104	and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT3D_FLD_COOR">PLOT3D_FLD_COOR</a>),
	3105	which describe the contents of the data file and/or coordinate file
	3106	and are used by AVS. However, AVS expects the content description in
	3107	one file. This needs the local file PLOT3D_FLD_COOR to be appended to
	3108	the file
	3109	PLOT3D_FLD (by suitable OUTPUT command in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>
[493]	3110	configuration file: “<span style="font-family: monospace;">cat
	3111	PLOT3D_FLD_COOR >> PLOT3D_FLD</span>”)
[48]	3112	after PALM has
	3113	finished. To reduce the amount of data, output to this file
	3114	can be done
[5]	3115	in
[48]	3116	compressed form (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#do3d_compress">do3d_compress</a>).
	3117	Further details about plotting 3d volume data with <span style="font-weight: bold;">AVS </span>can be found in
[108]	3118	<a href="chapter_4.5.5.html">chapter
	3119	4.5.5</a>.</p>
	3120
	3121
[354]	3122
	3123
[108]	3124	By assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format </span>=
	3125	<span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span>,
[48]	3126	the cross section data is output to the local files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XY">PLOT2D_XY</a>, <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XZ">PLOT2D_XZ</a>, and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_YZ">PLOT2D_YZ</a>.
[5]	3127	Output is in FORTRAN binary format readable by
	3128	the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>.
	3129	The order of data on the files follows the order used in the assignment
[48]	3130	for <b>data_output</b> (e.g. <b>data_output</b>
	3131	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'p_xy'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v_xy_av'</span>,...
[5]	3132	means that the file containing the horizontal cross section data starts
	3133	with the instantaneous pressure data, followed by the
	3134	temporally averaged v-component of the velocity, etc.). Both
	3135	instantaneous and time averaged data are written on this
	3136	file!Additional to these binary files, PALM
	3137	creates NAMELIST parameter files
	3138	(local names <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL</a>,
[108]	3139	<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL</a>,
	3140	<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL</a>,
	3141	<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XZ_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XZ_LOCAL</a>,
	3142	<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL</a>,
	3143	<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_YZ_LOCAL">PLOT2D_YZ_LOCAL</a>)
[5]	3144	which can be used as parameter input files for the plot software <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html">iso2d</a>.
	3145	That needs local files with suffix _LOCAL to be appended to the
	3146	respective files with suffix _GLOBAL (by
	3147	suitable OUTPUT commands in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>
[493]	3148	configuration file, e.g.: “<span style="font-family: monospace;">cat
	3149	PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL >> PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL</span>”)
[48]	3150	after PALM has
	3151	finished. Cross sections can be directly plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span> using the
	3152	respective data and
[5]	3153	parameter file. The plot layout is steered via the parameter input
	3154	file.
	3155	The values of these <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>
	3156	parameters are determined by a set of mostly internal PALM parameters
	3157	(exception: <a href="chapter_4.2.html#z_max_do2d">z_max_do2d</a>).
	3158	All parameter values can be changed by editing the parameter input
[48]	3159	file. Further details about plotting 2d cross sections with <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d </span>can be found
	3160	in <a href="chapter_4.5.4.html">chapter
[108]	3161	4.5.4</a>.<br>
	3162
	3163
[354]	3164
	3165
[108]	3166	<br>
	3167
	3168
[354]	3169
	3170
[108]	3171	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Important:</span><br>
	3172
	3173
[354]	3174
	3175
[108]	3176	There
[48]	3177	is no guarantee that iso2d- and avs-output will be available in future
[108]	3178	PALM versions (later than 3.0). </td>
	3179
	3180
[354]	3181
	3182
[108]	3183	</tr>
	3184
	3185
[354]	3186
	3187
[108]	3188	<tr>
	3189
	3190
[354]	3191
	3192
[108]	3193	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="data_output_format"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span><br>
	3194
	3195
	3196
[354]	3197
	3198
[108]	3199	</td>
	3200
	3201
[354]	3202
	3203
[108]	3204	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10 (10) </td>
	3205
	3206
	3207
[354]	3208
	3209
[108]	3210	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'netcdf'</span> </td>
	3211
	3212
	3213
[354]	3214
	3215
[108]	3216	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Format of output data.<br>
	3217
	3218
[354]	3219
	3220
[108]	3221	<br>
	3222
	3223
[354]	3224
	3225
[108]	3226	By
[48]	3227	default, all data (profiles, time
[5]	3228	series, spectra, particle data, cross sections, volume data) are output
[493]	3229	in NetCDF 64bit-offset format (see chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a>).
[48]	3230	Exception: restart data (local files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#BININ">BININ</a>, <a href="chapter_3.4.html#BINOUT">BINOUT</a>, <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN</a>,
[108]	3231	<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_OUT">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_OUT</a>)
	3232	are always output in FORTRAN binary format.<br>
	3233
	3234
[354]	3235
	3236
[108]	3237	<br>
	3238
	3239
[354]	3240
	3241
[108]	3242	The
[493]	3243	numerical precision of the NetCDF output is determined with parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#netcdf_precision">netcdf_precision</a>.<br>
[108]	3244
	3245
[354]	3246
	3247
[493]	3248	<br>Other NetCDF formats (classic, NetCDF4/HDF5) can be selected with parameter <a href="#netcdf_data_format">netcdf_data_format</a>.<br>
[108]	3249
	3250
[354]	3251
	3252
[108]	3253	<br>
	3254
	3255
[354]	3256
	3257
[108]	3258	For historical
[48]	3259	reasons, other data formats are still available. Beside 'netcdf', <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span>
[108]	3260	may be assigned the following values:<br>
	3261
	3262
[354]	3263
	3264
[108]	3265	<br>
	3266
	3267
[354]	3268
	3269
[108]	3270
	3271
[354]	3272
	3273
[108]	3274	<table style="text-align: left; width: 594px; height: 104px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	3275
	3276
[354]	3277
	3278
[108]	3279	<tbody>
	3280
	3281
[354]	3282
	3283
[108]	3284	<tr>
	3285
	3286
[354]	3287
	3288
[108]	3289	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span></td>
	3290
	3291
[354]	3292
	3293
[108]	3294	<td>output
[48]	3295	of profiles, time series and spectra in ASCII format to be
	3296	read by the graphic software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil
[108]	3297	</span>(see chapters <a href="chapter_4.5.2.html">4.5.2</a>,
	3298	<a href="#chapter_4.5.3.html">4.5.3</a>)</td>
	3299
	3300
[354]	3301
	3302
[108]	3303	</tr>
	3304
	3305
[354]	3306
	3307
[108]	3308	<tr>
	3309
	3310
[354]	3311
	3312
[108]	3313	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span></td>
	3314
	3315
[354]	3316
	3317
[108]	3318	<td>output
[48]	3319	of 2d cross-sections in FORTRAN binary format to be read by the graphic
	3320	software <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>
[108]	3321	(see chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.4.html">4.5.4</a>)</td>
	3322
	3323
[354]	3324
	3325
[108]	3326	</tr>
	3327
	3328
[354]	3329
	3330
[108]	3331	<tr>
	3332
	3333
[354]	3334
	3335
[108]	3336	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'avs'</span></td>
	3337
	3338
[354]	3339
	3340
[108]	3341	<td>output
[48]	3342	of 3d volume data in FORTRAN binary format to be read by the graphic
	3343	software <span style="font-weight: bold;">AVS</span>
[108]	3344	(see chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.5.html">4.5.5</a>)</td>
	3345
	3346
[354]	3347
	3348
[108]	3349	</tr>
	3350
	3351
[354]	3352
	3353
[108]	3354
	3355
[354]	3356
	3357
[108]	3358	</tbody>
	3359
	3360
[354]	3361
	3362
[108]	3363	</table>
	3364
	3365
[354]	3366
	3367
[108]	3368	<br>
	3369
	3370
[354]	3371
	3372
[108]	3373	Multiple
[48]	3374	values can be assigned to <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span>,
	3375	i.e. if the user wants to have both the "old" data format suitable for <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span> as well as
	3376	cross section data in NetCDF format, then <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> =
[108]	3377	<span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'netcdf'</span> has to be
	3378	assigned.<br>
	3379
	3380
[354]	3381
	3382
[108]	3383	<br>
	3384
	3385
[354]	3386
	3387
[108]	3388	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Warning:</span>
[48]	3389	There is no guarantee that the "old" formats will be available in
[108]	3390	future PALM versions (beyond 3.0)!<br>
	3391
	3392
[354]	3393
	3394
[108]	3395	</td>
	3396
	3397
[354]	3398
	3399
[108]	3400	</tr>
	3401
	3402
[354]	3403
	3404
[108]	3405	<tr>
	3406
	3407
	3408
[354]	3409
	3410
[108]	3411	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	3412
	3413
[354]	3414
	3415
[108]	3416	<p><a name="data_output_pr"></a><b>data_output_pr</b></p>
	3417
	3418
	3419
[354]	3420
	3421
[108]	3422	</td>
	3423
	3424
[354]	3425
	3426
[108]	3427	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C *
[48]	3428	10  <br>
[108]	3429
	3430
	3431
[354]	3432
	3433
[108]	3434	(100)</td>
	3435
	3436
[354]	3437
	3438
[108]	3439	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100
	3440	* ' '</i></td>
	3441
	3442
[354]	3443
	3444
[108]	3445	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	3446
	3447
[354]	3448
	3449
[108]	3450	<p>Quantities for which vertical profiles (horizontally averaged)
	3451	are to be output.  </p>
	3452
	3453
[354]	3454
	3455
[108]	3456
	3457
	3458
[354]	3459
	3460
[108]	3461	<p>By default vertical
[48]	3462	profile data is output to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF</a>.
	3463	The file's format is NetCDF.  Further details about processing
[108]	3464	NetCDF data are given in chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a>.</p>
	3465
	3466
[354]	3467
	3468
[108]	3469
	3470
[354]	3471
	3472
[108]	3473	<p>For
[48]	3474	historical reasons, data can also be output in ASCII-format on local
	3475	file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>
	3476	which is readable by the graphic software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>. See
	3477	parameter <a href="#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
[108]	3478	for defining the format in which data shall be output.<br>
	3479
	3480
[354]	3481
	3482
[108]	3483	</p>
	3484
	3485
	3486
[354]	3487
	3488
[108]	3489
	3490
[354]	3491
	3492
[108]	3493	<p>For horizontally averaged vertical
[48]	3494	profiles always <span style="font-weight: bold;">all</span>
	3495	vertical
[5]	3496	grid points (0 <= k <= nz+1) are output to file. Vertical
	3497	profile data refers to the total domain but profiles for subdomains can
	3498	also be output (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>).
[108]	3499	</p>
	3500
	3501
[354]	3502
	3503
[108]	3504
	3505
	3506
[354]	3507
	3508
[108]	3509	<p>The temporal interval of the output times of
[48]	3510	profiles is
[5]	3511	assigned via the parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a>.
[48]	3512	Within the file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>,
	3513	the profiles are ordered with respect to their
[108]	3514	output times.</p>
	3515
	3516
[354]	3517
	3518
[108]	3519
	3520
[354]	3521
	3522
[108]	3523	<p>Profiles can also be temporally
[127]	3524	averaged (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval_pr">averaging_interval_pr</a>).<br>
[108]	3525
	3526
	3527
[354]	3528
	3529
[108]	3530	</p>
	3531
	3532
[354]	3533
	3534
[108]	3535
	3536
	3537
[354]	3538
	3539
[108]	3540	<p>The following list shows the values which can be
[48]	3541	assigned to <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_pr</span>.
[5]	3542	The profile data is either defined on
[48]	3543	u-v-levels (variables marked in <font color="#ff6600">red</font>)
	3544	or
	3545	on w-levels (<font color="#33ff33">green</font>).
	3546	According to this,
[5]	3547	the
	3548	z-coordinates of the individual profiles vary. Beyond that, with a
	3549	Prandtl layer switched on (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>)
	3550	the lowest output
[48]	3551	level is z = zu(1) instead of z = zw(0) for profiles <i>w''
	3552	u'',w''v"</i>, <i>wu</i> and <i>wv</i>
[127]	3553	. Turbulence quantities such as <span style="font-style: italic;">wu  </span>or <span style="font-style: italic;">u*2</span> are calculated from turbulent fluctuations that are defined as deviations from the instantaneous horizontal average.
[108]	3554
	3555
	3556	</p>
	3557
	3558
[354]	3559
	3560
[108]	3561
	3562
	3563
[354]	3564
	3565
[108]	3566	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	3567
	3568
[354]	3569
	3570
[108]	3571	<tbody>
	3572
	3573
[354]	3574
	3575
[108]	3576	<tr>
	3577
	3578
[354]	3579
	3580
[108]	3581	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>u</i></font></td>
	3582
	3583
	3584
[354]	3585
	3586
[108]	3587	<td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the
	3588	velocity (in m/s).</td>
	3589
	3590
[354]	3591
	3592
[108]	3593	</tr>
	3594
	3595
[354]	3596
	3597
[108]	3598	<tr>
	3599
	3600
[354]	3601
	3602
[108]	3603	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>v</i></font></td>
	3604
	3605
	3606
[354]	3607
	3608
[108]	3609	<td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the
	3610	velocity (in m/s).</td>
	3611
	3612
[354]	3613
	3614
[108]	3615	</tr>
	3616
	3617
[354]	3618
	3619
[108]	3620	<tr>
	3621
	3622
[354]	3623
	3624
[108]	3625	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w</i></font></td>
	3626
	3627
	3628
[354]	3629
	3630
[108]	3631	<td style="vertical-align: top;">w-component of the
	3632	velocity (in m/s).</td>
	3633
	3634
[354]	3635
	3636
[108]	3637	</tr>
	3638
	3639
[354]	3640
	3641
[108]	3642	<tr>
	3643
	3644
[354]	3645
	3646
[108]	3647	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>pt</i></font></td>
	3648
	3649
	3650
[354]	3651
	3652
[108]	3653	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Potential temperature (in
	3654	K).</td>
	3655
	3656
[354]	3657
	3658
[108]	3659	</tr>
	3660
	3661
[354]	3662
	3663
[108]	3664	<tr>
	3665
	3666
[354]	3667
	3668
[108]	3669	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>vpt</i></font></td>
	3670
	3671
	3672
[354]	3673
	3674
[108]	3675	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Virtual potential
	3676	temperature (in K).</td>
	3677
	3678
[354]	3679
	3680
[108]	3681	</tr>
	3682
	3683
[354]	3684
	3685
[108]	3686	<tr>
	3687
	3688
[354]	3689
	3690
[108]	3691	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>lpt</i></font></td>
	3692
	3693
	3694
[354]	3695
	3696
[108]	3697	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Potential liquid water
	3698	temperature (in K).</td>
	3699
	3700
[354]	3701
	3702
[108]	3703	</tr>
	3704
	3705
[354]	3706
	3707
[108]	3708	<tr>
	3709
	3710
[354]	3711
	3712
[108]	3713	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>q</i></font></td>
	3714
	3715
	3716
[354]	3717
	3718
[108]	3719	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total water content
	3720	(in kg/kg).</td>
	3721
	3722
[354]	3723
	3724
[108]	3725	</tr>
	3726
	3727
[354]	3728
	3729
[108]	3730	<tr>
	3731
	3732
[354]	3733
	3734
[108]	3735	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>qv</i></font></td>
	3736
	3737
	3738
[354]	3739
	3740
[108]	3741	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Specific humidity (in
	3742	kg/kg).</td>
	3743
	3744
[354]	3745
	3746
[108]	3747	</tr>
	3748
	3749
[354]	3750
	3751
[108]	3752	<tr>
	3753
	3754
[354]	3755
	3756
[108]	3757	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>ql</i></font></td>
	3758
	3759
	3760
[354]	3761
	3762
[108]	3763	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Liquid water content
	3764	(in kg/kg).</td>
	3765
	3766
[354]	3767
	3768
[108]	3769	</tr>
	3770
	3771
[354]	3772
	3773
[108]	3774	<tr>
	3775
	3776
[354]	3777
	3778
[108]	3779	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">rho</span></td>
	3780
	3781
[354]	3782
	3783
[108]	3784	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Potential density (in kg/m<sup>3</sup>).</td>
	3785
	3786
[354]	3787
	3788
[108]	3789	</tr>
	3790
	3791
[354]	3792
	3793
[108]	3794	<tr>
	3795
	3796
[354]	3797
	3798
[108]	3799	<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic;"><font color="#ff6600">s</font></td>
	3800
	3801
	3802
[354]	3803
	3804
[108]	3805	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Scalar concentration (in
	3806	kg/m<sup>3</sup>).</td>
	3807
	3808
[354]	3809
	3810
[108]	3811	</tr>
	3812
	3813
[354]	3814
	3815
[108]	3816	<tr>
	3817
	3818
[354]	3819
	3820
[108]	3821	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">sa</span></td>
	3822
	3823
[354]	3824
	3825
[108]	3826	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Salinity (in psu).</td>
	3827
	3828
[354]	3829
	3830
[108]	3831	</tr>
	3832
	3833
[354]	3834
	3835
[108]	3836	<tr>
	3837
	3838
[354]	3839
	3840
[108]	3841	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>e</i></font></td>
	3842
	3843
	3844
[354]	3845
	3846
[108]	3847	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Turbulent kinetic energy
[5]	3848	(TKE, subgrid-scale) (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
[108]	3849
	3850
	3851
[354]	3852
	3853
[108]	3854	</tr>
	3855
	3856
[354]	3857
	3858
[108]	3859	<tr>
	3860
	3861
[354]	3862
	3863
[108]	3864	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>e*</i></font></td>
	3865
	3866
	3867
[354]	3868
	3869
[108]	3870	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Perturbation energy
[5]	3871	(resolved) (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
[108]	3872
	3873
	3874
[354]	3875
	3876
[108]	3877	</tr>
	3878
	3879
	3880
	3881
[354]	3882	<tr>
	3883
	3884	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">p</span></td>
	3885
	3886	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Perturbation pressure (in Pa)</td>
	3887
	3888	</tr>
	3889
	3890	<tr>
	3891
	3892
	3893
	3894
[108]	3895	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>km</i></font></td>
	3896
	3897
	3898
[354]	3899
	3900
[108]	3901	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Eddy diffusivity for
	3902	momentum (in m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td>
	3903
	3904
[354]	3905
	3906
[108]	3907	</tr>
	3908
	3909
[354]	3910
	3911
[108]	3912	<tr>
	3913
	3914
	3915
[354]	3916
	3917
[108]	3918	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>kh</i></font></td>
	3919
	3920
	3921
[354]	3922
	3923
[108]	3924	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Eddy diffusivity for heat
	3925	(in m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td>
	3926
	3927
[354]	3928
	3929
[108]	3930	</tr>
	3931
	3932
[354]	3933
	3934
[108]	3935	<tr>
	3936
	3937
[354]	3938
	3939
[108]	3940	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>l</i></font></td>
	3941
	3942
	3943
[354]	3944
	3945
[108]	3946	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Mixing length (in m).</td>
	3947
	3948
	3949
[354]	3950
	3951
[108]	3952	</tr>
	3953
	3954
[354]	3955
	3956
[108]	3957	<tr>
	3958
	3959
[354]	3960
	3961
[108]	3962	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"u"</i></font></td>
	3963
	3964
	3965
[354]	3966
	3967
[108]	3968	<td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the
[5]	3969	subgrid-scale vertical momentum flux (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
[108]	3970
	3971
	3972
[354]	3973
	3974
[108]	3975	</tr>
	3976
	3977
[354]	3978
	3979
[108]	3980	<tr>
	3981
	3982
[354]	3983
	3984
[108]	3985	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wu</i></font></td>
	3986
	3987
	3988
[354]	3989
	3990
[108]	3991	<td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the
[5]	3992	resolved vertical momentum flux (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
[108]	3993
	3994
	3995
[354]	3996
	3997
[108]	3998	</tr>
	3999
	4000
[354]	4001
	4002
[108]	4003	<tr>
	4004
	4005
[354]	4006
	4007
[108]	4008	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wu</i></font></td>
	4009
	4010
	4011
[354]	4012
	4013
[108]	4014	<td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the total
[48]	4015	vertical momentum flux (<i>w"u"</i> + <i>wu</i>)
[108]	4016	(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
	4017
	4018
[354]	4019
	4020
[108]	4021	</tr>
	4022
	4023
	4024
[354]	4025
	4026
[108]	4027	<tr>
	4028
	4029
[354]	4030
	4031
[108]	4032	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"v"</i></font></td>
	4033
	4034
	4035
[354]	4036
	4037
[108]	4038	<td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the
[5]	4039	subgrid-scale vertical momentum flux (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
[108]	4040
	4041
	4042
[354]	4043
	4044
[108]	4045	</tr>
	4046
	4047
[354]	4048
	4049
[108]	4050	<tr>
	4051
	4052
[354]	4053
	4054
[108]	4055	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wv</i></font></td>
	4056
	4057
	4058
[354]	4059
	4060
[108]	4061	<td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the
[5]	4062	resolved vertical momentum flux (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
[108]	4063
	4064
	4065
[354]	4066
	4067
[108]	4068	</tr>
	4069
	4070
[354]	4071
	4072
[108]	4073	<tr>
	4074
	4075
[354]	4076
	4077
[108]	4078	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wv</i></font></td>
	4079
	4080
	4081
[354]	4082
	4083
[108]	4084	<td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the total
[48]	4085	vertical momentum flux (<i>w"v"</i> + <i>wv</i>)
[108]	4086	(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
	4087
	4088
[354]	4089
	4090
[108]	4091	</tr>
	4092
	4093
	4094
[354]	4095
	4096
[108]	4097	<tr>
	4098
	4099
[354]	4100
	4101
[108]	4102	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"pt"</i></font></td>
	4103
	4104
	4105
[354]	4106
	4107
[108]	4108	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
	4109	sensible heat flux (in K m/s).</td>
	4110
	4111
[354]	4112
	4113
[108]	4114	</tr>
	4115
	4116
[354]	4117
	4118
[108]	4119	<tr>
	4120
	4121
[354]	4122
	4123
[108]	4124	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wpt</i></font></td>
	4125
	4126
	4127
[354]	4128
	4129
[108]	4130	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical
[48]	4131	sensible
[108]	4132	heat flux (in K m/s).</td>
	4133
	4134
[354]	4135
	4136
[108]	4137	</tr>
	4138
	4139
[354]	4140
	4141
[108]	4142	<tr>
	4143
	4144
[354]	4145
	4146
[108]	4147	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wpt</i></font></td>
	4148
	4149
	4150
[354]	4151
	4152
[108]	4153	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical sensible
[5]	4154	heat flux (<i>w"pt"</i> + <i>wpt</i>)
	4155	(in K
[108]	4156	m/s).</td>
	4157
	4158
[354]	4159
	4160
[108]	4161	</tr>
	4162
	4163
[354]	4164
	4165
[108]	4166	<tr>
	4167
	4168
[354]	4169
	4170
[108]	4171	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wptBC</i></font></td>
	4172
	4173
	4174
[354]	4175
	4176
[108]	4177	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
[5]	4178	sensible heat flux using the
[108]	4179	Bott-Chlond scheme (in K m/s).</td>
	4180
	4181
[354]	4182
	4183
[108]	4184	</tr>
	4185
	4186
[354]	4187
	4188
[108]	4189	<tr>
	4190
	4191
[354]	4192
	4193
[108]	4194	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wptBC</i></font></td>
	4195
	4196
	4197
[354]	4198
	4199
[108]	4200	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical sensible
[5]	4201	heat flux using the Bott-Chlond scheme
	4202	(<i>w"pt"</i>
[108]	4203	+ <i>wptBC</i>) (in K m/s).</td>
	4204
	4205
[354]	4206
	4207
[108]	4208	</tr>
	4209
	4210
[354]	4211
	4212
[108]	4213	<tr>
	4214
	4215
	4216
[354]	4217
	4218
[108]	4219	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"vpt"</i></font></td>
	4220
	4221
	4222
[354]	4223
	4224
[108]	4225	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
	4226	buoyancy flux (in K m/s).</td>
	4227
	4228
[354]	4229
	4230
[108]	4231	</tr>
	4232
	4233
[354]	4234
	4235
[108]	4236	<tr>
	4237
	4238
[354]	4239
	4240
[127]	4241	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wvpt</i></font></td>
[108]	4242
	4243
	4244
[354]	4245
	4246
[108]	4247	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical
[48]	4248	buoyancy
[108]	4249	flux (in K m/s).</td>
	4250
	4251
[354]	4252
	4253
[108]	4254	</tr>
	4255
	4256
[354]	4257
	4258
[108]	4259	<tr>
	4260
	4261
[354]	4262
	4263
[108]	4264	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wvpt</i></font></td>
	4265
	4266
	4267
[354]	4268
	4269
[108]	4270	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical buoyancy
	4271	flux (w"vpt" + wvpt) (in K m/s).</td>
	4272
	4273
[354]	4274
	4275
[108]	4276	</tr>
	4277
	4278
[354]	4279
	4280
[108]	4281	<tr>
	4282
	4283
[354]	4284
	4285
[108]	4286	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"q"</i></font></td>
	4287
	4288
	4289
[354]	4290
	4291
[108]	4292	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
	4293	water flux (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
	4294
	4295
[354]	4296
	4297
[108]	4298	</tr>
	4299
	4300
[354]	4301
	4302
[108]	4303	<tr>
	4304
	4305
[354]	4306
	4307
[108]	4308	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wq</i></font></td>
	4309
	4310
	4311
[354]	4312
	4313
[108]	4314	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical water
	4315	flux (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
	4316
	4317
[354]	4318
	4319
[108]	4320	</tr>
	4321
	4322
[354]	4323
	4324
[108]	4325	<tr>
	4326
	4327
[354]	4328
	4329
[108]	4330	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wq</i></font></td>
	4331
	4332
	4333
[354]	4334
	4335
[108]	4336	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical water flux
	4337	(w"q" + wq) (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
	4338
	4339
[354]	4340
	4341
[108]	4342	</tr>
	4343
	4344
[354]	4345
	4346
[108]	4347	<tr>
	4348
	4349
[354]	4350
	4351
[108]	4352	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"qv"</i></font></td>
	4353
	4354
	4355
[354]	4356
	4357
[108]	4358	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
	4359	latent heat flux (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
	4360
	4361
[354]	4362
	4363
[108]	4364	</tr>
	4365
	4366
[354]	4367
	4368
[108]	4369	<tr>
	4370
	4371
[354]	4372
	4373
[108]	4374	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wqv</i></font></td>
	4375
	4376
	4377
[354]	4378
	4379
[108]	4380	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical latent
	4381	heat flux (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
	4382
	4383
[354]	4384
	4385
[108]	4386	</tr>
	4387
	4388
[354]	4389
	4390
[108]	4391	<tr>
	4392
	4393
[354]	4394
	4395
[108]	4396	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wqv</i></font></td>
	4397
	4398
	4399
[354]	4400
	4401
[108]	4402	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical latent
[48]	4403	heat
[108]	4404	flux (w"qv" + wqv) (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
	4405
	4406
[354]	4407
	4408
[108]	4409	</tr>
	4410
	4411
[354]	4412
	4413
[108]	4414	<tr>
	4415
	4416
	4417
[354]	4418
	4419
[108]	4420	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"s"</i></font></td>
	4421
	4422
	4423
[354]	4424
	4425
[108]	4426	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
[5]	4427	scalar concentration flux (in kg/m<sup>3 </sup>m/s).</td>
[108]	4428
	4429
	4430
[354]	4431
	4432
[108]	4433	</tr>
	4434
	4435
[354]	4436
	4437
[108]	4438	<tr>
	4439
	4440
[354]	4441
	4442
[108]	4443	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>ws</i></font></td>
	4444
	4445
	4446
[354]	4447
	4448
[108]	4449	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical scalar
	4450	concentration flux (in kg/m<sup>3</sup> m/s).</td>
	4451
	4452
[354]	4453
	4454
[108]	4455	</tr>
	4456
	4457
	4458
[354]	4459
	4460
[108]	4461	<tr>
	4462
	4463
[354]	4464
	4465
[108]	4466	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>ws</i></font></td>
	4467
	4468
	4469
[354]	4470
	4471
[108]	4472	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical scalar
[5]	4473	concentration flux (w"s" + ws) (in kg/m<sup>3 </sup>m/s).</td>
[108]	4474
	4475
	4476
[354]	4477
	4478
[108]	4479	</tr>
	4480
	4481
[354]	4482
	4483
[108]	4484	<tr>
	4485
	4486
[354]	4487
	4488
[108]	4489	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);">w"sa"</span></td>
	4490
	4491
[354]	4492
	4493
[108]	4494	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Subgrid-scale vertical
	4495	salinity flux (in psu<sup> </sup>m/s).</td>
	4496
	4497
[354]	4498
	4499
[108]	4500	</tr>
	4501
	4502
[354]	4503
	4504
[108]	4505	<tr>
	4506
	4507
[354]	4508
	4509
[108]	4510	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);">wsa</span></td>
	4511
	4512
[354]	4513
	4514
[108]	4515	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Resolved vertical salinity flux (in psu m/s).</td>
	4516
	4517
[354]	4518
	4519
[108]	4520	</tr>
	4521
	4522
[354]	4523
	4524
[108]	4525	<tr>
	4526
	4527
[354]	4528
	4529
[108]	4530	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);">wsa</span></td>
	4531
	4532
[354]	4533
	4534
[108]	4535	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Total vertical salinity flux (w"sa" + wsa) (in psu<sup> </sup>m/s).</td>
	4536
	4537
[354]	4538
	4539
[108]	4540	</tr>
	4541
	4542
[354]	4543
	4544
[108]	4545	<tr>
	4546
	4547
[354]	4548
	4549
[108]	4550	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>we</i></font></td>
	4551
	4552
	4553
[354]	4554
	4555
[108]	4556	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Vertical flux of
	4557	perturbation energy (resolved)</td>
	4558
	4559
[354]	4560
	4561
[108]	4562	</tr>
	4563
	4564
[354]	4565
	4566
[108]	4567	<tr>
	4568
	4569
[354]	4570
	4571
[108]	4572	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>u*2</i></font></td>
	4573
	4574
	4575
[354]	4576
	4577
[108]	4578	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Variance of the
[48]	4579	u-velocity
[108]	4580	component (resolved)</td>
	4581
	4582
[354]	4583
	4584
[108]	4585	</tr>
	4586
	4587
[354]	4588
	4589
[108]	4590	<tr>
	4591
	4592
[354]	4593
	4594
[108]	4595	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>v*2</i></font></td>
	4596
	4597
	4598
[354]	4599
	4600
[108]	4601	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Variance of the
[48]	4602	v-velocity
[108]	4603	component (resolved)</td>
	4604
	4605
[354]	4606
	4607
[108]	4608	</tr>
	4609
	4610
[354]	4611
	4612
[108]	4613	<tr>
	4614
	4615
[354]	4616
	4617
[108]	4618	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*2</i></font></td>
	4619
	4620
	4621
[354]	4622
	4623
[127]	4624	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Variance of the w-velocity
	4625	component (resolved)</td>
[108]	4626
	4627
[354]	4628
	4629
[108]	4630	</tr>
	4631
	4632
[354]	4633
	4634
[108]	4635	<tr>
	4636
	4637
[354]	4638
	4639
[108]	4640	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>pt*2</i></font></td>
	4641
	4642
	4643
[354]	4644
	4645
[108]	4646	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Variance of the potential
	4647	temperature (resolved)</td>
	4648
	4649
[354]	4650
	4651
[108]	4652	</tr>
	4653
	4654
[354]	4655
	4656
[108]	4657	<tr>
	4658
	4659
[354]	4660
	4661
[108]	4662	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*3</i></font></td>
	4663
	4664
	4665
[354]	4666
	4667
[108]	4668	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Third moment of the
	4669	w-velocity component (resolved)</td>
	4670
	4671
[354]	4672
	4673
[108]	4674	</tr>
	4675
	4676
[354]	4677
	4678
[108]	4679	<tr>
	4680
	4681
[354]	4682
	4683
[108]	4684	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>Sw</i></font></td>
	4685
	4686
	4687
[354]	4688
	4689
[108]	4690	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Skewness of the
[48]	4691	w-velocity
[5]	4692	component (resolved, S<sub>w</sub>
	4693	= W<sup>3</sup>/(w<sup>2</sup>)<sup>1.5</sup>)</td>
[108]	4694
	4695
	4696
[354]	4697
	4698
[108]	4699	</tr>
	4700
	4701
[354]	4702
	4703
[108]	4704	<tr>
	4705
	4706
[354]	4707
	4708
[108]	4709	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w2pt</i></font></td>
	4710
	4711
	4712
[354]	4713
	4714
[108]	4715	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Third moment (resolved)</td>
	4716
	4717
	4718
[354]	4719
	4720
[108]	4721	</tr>
	4722
	4723
[354]	4724
	4725
[108]	4726	<tr>
	4727
	4728
[354]	4729
	4730
[108]	4731	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wpt2</i></font></td>
	4732
	4733
	4734
[354]	4735
	4736
[108]	4737	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Third moment (resolved)</td>
	4738
	4739
	4740
[354]	4741
	4742
[108]	4743	</tr>
	4744
	4745
[354]	4746
	4747
[108]	4748	<tr>
	4749
	4750
[354]	4751
	4752
[524]	4753	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6666"><i>wuu*:dz</i></font></td>
[108]	4754
	4755
	4756
[354]	4757
	4758
[108]	4759	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Energy production by
[48]	4760	shear
[108]	4761	(resolved)</td>
	4762
	4763
[354]	4764
	4765
[108]	4766	</tr>
	4767
	4768
[354]	4769
	4770
[108]	4771	<tr>
	4772
	4773
[354]	4774
	4775
[524]	4776	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6666"><i>wp:dz</i></font></td>
[108]	4777
	4778
	4779
[354]	4780
	4781
[108]	4782	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Energy production by
[5]	4783	turbulent transport of pressure
[108]	4784	fluctuations (resolved)</td>
	4785
	4786
[354]	4787
	4788
[108]	4789	</tr>
	4790
	4791
[354]	4792
	4793
[108]	4794	<tr>
	4795
	4796
[354]	4797
	4798
[524]	4799	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6666"><i>w"e:dz</i></font></td>
[108]	4800
	4801
	4802
[354]	4803
	4804
[108]	4805	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Energy production by
	4806	transport of resolved-scale TKE</td>
	4807
	4808
[354]	4809
	4810
[531]	4811	</tr><tr>
	4812	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6666"><i>hyp</i></font></td>
	4813	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Hydrostatic pressure (in dbar)<br>
	4814	</td>
	4815	</tr>
[108]	4816
	4817
[354]	4818
	4819
[531]	4820
[108]	4821
	4822
	4823
[354]	4824
	4825
[108]	4826	</tbody>
	4827
	4828
[354]	4829
	4830
[108]	4831	</table>
	4832
	4833
[354]	4834
	4835
[108]	4836	<br>
	4837
	4838
[354]	4839
	4840
[108]	4841	Beyond that, initial profiles (t=0) of some
	4842	variables can additionally be
[5]	4843	output (this output is only done once
	4844	with the first plot output and not repeated with the profile output at
	4845	later
	4846	times). The names of these profiles result from the ones specified
[108]	4847	above leaded by a hash "#".  Allowed values are:<br>
	4848
	4849
[354]	4850
	4851
[108]	4852
	4853
	4854
[354]	4855
	4856
[108]	4857	<ul>
	4858
	4859
	4860
[354]	4861
	4862
[108]	4863
	4864
[354]	4865
	4866
[108]	4867	<p><i>#u</i>, <i>#v</i>, <i>#pt</i>,
	4868	<i>#km</i>, <i>#kh</i>, <i>#l, #lpt, #q, #qv, #s, #sa, #vpt</i></p>
	4869
	4870
	4871
[354]	4872
	4873
[108]	4874
	4875
[354]	4876
	4877
[108]	4878	</ul>
	4879
	4880
[354]	4881
	4882
[108]	4883
	4884
	4885
[354]	4886
	4887
[108]	4888	<p>Profile names preceded by a hash automatically imply that
	4889	profiles for these variables are also output at later times. It is not
	4890	necessary and not allowed to specify the same profile name with and
	4891	without hash simultaneously(this would lead to an NetCDF error). </p>
[354]	4892
	4893
	4894
	4895
[108]	4896	<p>These initial profiles have been either set by
[48]	4897	the user or
[108]	4898	have been calculated by a 1d-model prerun.</p>
	4899
	4900
[354]	4901
	4902
[108]	4903	The
[89]	4904	user is allowed to extend the above list of quantities by defining his
[108]	4905	own output quantities (see the user-parameter <a href="chapter_4.3.html#data_output_pr_user">data_output_pr_user</a>).<br>
	4906
	4907
[354]	4908
	4909
[108]	4910	<br>
	4911
	4912
[354]	4913
	4914
[108]	4915	In case
[48]	4916	of ASCII data output to local file PLOT1D_DATA,
[5]	4917	PALM additionally creates a NAMELIST parameter file (local name <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_PAR">PLOT1D_PAR</a>)
	4918	which can be used as parameter input file for the plot software <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_intro.html">profil</a>.
	4919	Profiles can be directly plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>
	4920	using these two files. The
	4921	plot layout is
[48]	4922	steered via the parameter input file. The values of these <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>-parameters
	4923	are determined by
[5]	4924	a set of PALM parameters (<a href="chapter_4.2.html#profile_columns">profile_columns</a>,
[108]	4925	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#profile_rows">profile_rows</a>,
	4926	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#z_max_do1d">z_max_do1d</a>,
	4927	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a>,
[5]	4928	etc.) All parameter values can be changed by editing the parameter
	4929	input
[108]	4930	file. <br>
	4931
	4932
[354]	4933
	4934
[108]	4935	<br>
	4936
	4937
[354]	4938
	4939
[108]	4940	Further details about plotting vertical
[48]	4941	profiles with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil </span>can
	4942	be found in <a href="chapter_4.5.2.html">chapter
[108]	4943	4.5.2</a></td>
	4944
	4945
[354]	4946
	4947
[108]	4948	</tr>
	4949
	4950
[354]	4951
	4952
[108]	4953	<tr>
	4954
	4955
[354]	4956
	4957
[108]	4958	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	4959
	4960
[354]	4961
	4962
[108]	4963	<p><a name="data_output_2d_on_each_pe"></a><b>data_output_2d_on</b>
	4964	<br>
	4965
	4966
[354]	4967
	4968
[108]	4969	<b>_each_pe</b></p>
	4970
	4971
[354]	4972
	4973
[108]	4974	</td>
	4975
	4976
[354]	4977
	4978
[108]	4979	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	4980
	4981
[354]	4982
	4983
[108]	4984	</td>
	4985
	4986
[354]	4987
	4988
[108]	4989	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span><br>
	4990
	4991
[354]	4992
	4993
[108]	4994	</td>
	4995
	4996
	4997
[354]	4998
	4999
[108]	5000	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Output 2d cross section
[48]	5001	data by one or
[108]	5002	all processors.
	5003
	5004
[354]	5005
	5006
[108]	5007	<p>In runs with several processors, by
[48]	5008	default, each processor
	5009	outputs cross section data of its subdomain into an individual
	5010	file. After PALM
	5011	has finished, the contents of these files have to be sampled into one
	5012	file<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> using
[5]	5013	the program <tt>combine_plot_fields.x</tt>.  </p>
[108]	5014
	5015
	5016
[354]	5017
	5018
[108]	5019
	5020
[354]	5021
	5022
[108]	5023	<p>Alternatively, by assigning <b>data_output_2d_on_each_pe</b>
[48]	5024	= <i>.F.,</i>
[5]	5025	the respective data is gathered on PE0 and output is done directly
[48]	5026	into one file, so <tt>combine_plot_fields.x</tt> does not
	5027	have to be
	5028	called. However, in case of very large numbers of horizontal
	5029	gridpoints, sufficient
[108]	5030	memory is required on PE0. </p>
	5031
	5032
[354]	5033
	5034
[108]	5035	</td>
	5036
	5037
[354]	5038
	5039
[108]	5040	</tr>
	5041
	5042
	5043
[354]	5044
	5045
[108]	5046	<tr>
	5047
	5048
[354]	5049
	5050
[108]	5051	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5052
	5053
[354]	5054
	5055
[108]	5056	<p><a name="disturbance_amplitude"></a><b>disturbance<br>
	5057
	5058
	5059
[354]	5060
	5061
[108]	5062	_amplitude</b></p>
	5063
	5064
[354]	5065
	5066
[108]	5067	</td>
	5068
	5069
[354]	5070
	5071
[108]	5072	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	5073
	5074
[354]	5075
	5076
[108]	5077	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.25</i></td>
	5078
	5079
	5080
[354]	5081
	5082
[108]	5083	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5084
	5085
[354]	5086
	5087
[108]	5088	<p>Maximum
[48]	5089	perturbation amplitude of the random perturbations
[5]	5090	imposed to the horizontal velocity field (in m/s).  </p>
[108]	5091
	5092
	5093
[354]	5094
	5095
[108]	5096
	5097
[354]	5098
	5099
[108]	5100	<p>The parameter <a href="#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>
[5]	5101	describes how to impose random perturbations to the horizontal velocity
	5102	field. Since the perturbation procedure includes two filter operations,
[48]	5103	the amplitude assigned by <b>disturbance_amplitude</b> is
	5104	only an
[108]	5105	approximate value of the real magnitude of the perturbation.</p>
	5106
	5107
[354]	5108
	5109
[108]	5110	</td>
	5111
	5112
	5113
[354]	5114
	5115
[108]	5116	</tr>
	5117
	5118
[354]	5119
	5120
[108]	5121	<tr>
	5122
	5123
[354]	5124
	5125
[108]	5126	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5127
	5128
[354]	5129
	5130
[108]	5131	<p><a name="disturbance_energy_limit"></a><b>disturbance_energy</b>
	5132	<br>
	5133
	5134
[354]	5135
	5136
[108]	5137	<b>_limit</b></p>
	5138
	5139
[354]	5140
	5141
[108]	5142	</td>
	5143
	5144
[354]	5145
	5146
[108]	5147	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	5148
	5149
[354]	5150
	5151
[108]	5152	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.01</i></td>
	5153
	5154
	5155
[354]	5156
	5157
[240]	5158	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
[108]	5159
	5160
[354]	5161
	5162
[108]	5163	<p lang="en-GB">Upper
[48]	5164	limit value of the perturbation energy of
[5]	5165	the velocity field used as a criterion for imposing random
[48]	5166	perturbations (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).
[108]	5167	</p>
	5168
	5169
[354]	5170
	5171
[108]	5172
	5173
	5174
[354]	5175
	5176
[240]	5177	<p><span lang="en-GB">The parameter </span><a href="#create_disturbances"><span lang="en-GB">create_disturbances</span></a><span lang="en-GB">
[48]	5178	describes how to impose
[5]	5179	random perturbations to the horizontal velocity field. The perturbation
	5180	energy is defined as the volume average (over the total model domain)
	5181	of the squares of the deviations of the velocity components from the
	5182	mean flow (horizontal average). If the perturbation energy exceeds the
	5183	assigned value, random perturbations to the fields of horizontal
	5184	velocities are imposed no more. The value of this parameter usually
	5185	must be determined by trial and error (it depends e.g. on the total
[240]	5186	number of grid points).</span> </p>
[108]	5187
	5188
[354]	5189
	5190
[108]	5191	</td>
	5192
	5193
	5194
[354]	5195
	5196
[108]	5197	</tr>
	5198
	5199
[354]	5200
	5201
[108]	5202	<tr>
	5203
	5204
[354]	5205
	5206
[108]	5207	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5208
	5209
[354]	5210
	5211
[108]	5212	<p><a name="disturbance_level_b"></a><b>disturbance_level_b</b></p>
	5213
	5214
	5215
[354]	5216
	5217
[108]	5218	</td>
	5219
	5220
[354]	5221
	5222
[108]	5223	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	5224
	5225
	5226
[354]	5227
	5228
[108]	5229	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>zu(3) or<br>
	5230
	5231
[354]	5232
	5233
[108]	5234	zu(nz*2/3)<br>
	5235
	5236
[354]	5237
	5238
[108]	5239	see right</i></td>
	5240
	5241
	5242
[354]	5243
	5244
[240]	5245	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
[108]	5246
	5247
[354]	5248
	5249
[240]	5250	<p lang="en-GB"><font size="3">Lower
[5]	5251	limit of the vertical range for which random perturbations are to be
[240]	5252	imposed on the horizontal wind field (</font>in <font size="3">m).
	5253	</font> </p>
[108]	5254
	5255
[354]	5256
	5257
[108]	5258
	5259
	5260
[354]	5261
	5262
[240]	5263	<p><span lang="en-GB">This
[97]	5264	parameter must hold the condition zu(3) <= <b>disturbance_level_b</b>
[240]	5265	<= zu(</span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nz"><span lang="en-GB">nz-2</span></a><span lang="en-GB">)</span><span lang="en-GB">. Additionally, <b>disturbance_level_b</b>
	5266	<= </span><a href="#disturbance_level_t"><span lang="en-GB">disturbance_level_t</span></a>
	5267	<span lang="en-GB">must
	5268	also hold.</span></p>
[108]	5269
	5270
[354]	5271
	5272
[108]	5273
	5274
[354]	5275
	5276
[240]	5277	<p><span lang="en-GB">In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>) </span><span lang="en-GB">the default value is <span style="font-weight: bold;">disturbance_level_b</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">zu(nz * 2 / 3) </span>(negative).</span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nz"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span></p>
[108]	5278
	5279
[354]	5280
	5281
[108]	5282
	5283
	5284
[354]	5285
	5286
[240]	5287	<p><span lang="en-GB">The
	5288	parameter </span><a href="#create_disturbances"><span lang="en-GB">create_disturbances</span></a><span lang="en-GB">
[48]	5289	describes how to impose
[240]	5290	random perturbations to the horizontal velocity field</span><span lang="en-GB">.</span>
	5291	</p>
[108]	5292
	5293
[354]	5294
	5295
[108]	5296	</td>
	5297
	5298
[354]	5299
	5300
[108]	5301	</tr>
	5302
	5303
[354]	5304
	5305
[108]	5306	<tr>
	5307
	5308
[354]	5309
	5310
[108]	5311	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5312
	5313
[354]	5314
	5315
[108]	5316	<p><a name="disturbance_level_t"></a><b>disturbance_level_t</b></p>
	5317
	5318
	5319
[354]	5320
	5321
[108]	5322	</td>
	5323
	5324
[354]	5325
	5326
[108]	5327	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	5328
	5329
	5330
[354]	5331
	5332
[108]	5333	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>zu(nz/3) or<br>
	5334
	5335
[354]	5336
	5337
[108]	5338	zu(nzt-3)<br>
	5339
	5340
[354]	5341
	5342
[108]	5343	see right</i></td>
	5344
	5345
	5346
[354]	5347
	5348
[240]	5349	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
[108]	5350
	5351
[354]	5352
	5353
[240]	5354	<p lang="en-GB"><font size="3">Upper
[5]	5355	limit of the vertical range for which random perturbations are to be
[240]	5356	imposed on the horizontal wind field (</font>in <font size="3">m).
	5357	</font> </p>
[108]	5358
	5359
[354]	5360
	5361
[108]	5362
	5363
	5364
[354]	5365
	5366
[240]	5367	<p><span lang="en-GB">This
[48]	5368	parameter must hold the condition <b>disturbance_level_t</b>
[240]	5369	<= zu<i>(</i></span><i><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nz"><span lang="en-GB">nz-2</span></a><span lang="en-GB">)</span></i><span lang="en-GB">.
	5370	Additionally, </span><a href="#disturbance_level_b"><span lang="en-GB">disturbance_level_b</span></a>
	5371	<span lang="en-GB"><=
[108]	5372	<b>disturbance_level_t</b>
[240]	5373	must also hold.</span></p>
[108]	5374
	5375
[354]	5376
	5377
[240]	5378	<span lang="en-GB">In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>) </span><span lang="en-GB">the default value is <span style="font-weight: bold;">disturbance_level_t</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">zu(nzt - 3</span>)</span><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-style: italic;"> </span>(negative)</span><span lang="en-GB">.</span>
[108]	5379
	5380
[354]	5381
	5382
[240]	5383	<p><span lang="en-GB">The
	5384	parameter </span><a href="#create_disturbances"><span lang="en-GB">create_disturbances</span></a><span lang="en-GB">
[48]	5385	describes how to impose
[240]	5386	random perturbations to the horizontal velocity field</span><span lang="en-GB">.</span>
	5387	</p>
[108]	5388
	5389
[354]	5390
	5391
[108]	5392	</td>
	5393
	5394
[354]	5395
	5396
[108]	5397	</tr>
	5398
	5399
[354]	5400
	5401
[108]	5402	<tr>
	5403
	5404
[354]	5405
	5406
[108]	5407	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5408
	5409
[354]	5410
	5411
[108]	5412	<p><a name="do2d_at_begin"></a><b>do2d_at_begin</b></p>
	5413
	5414
	5415
[354]	5416
	5417
[108]	5418	</td>
	5419
	5420
[354]	5421
	5422
[108]	5423	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	5424
	5425
[354]	5426
	5427
[108]	5428	</td>
	5429
	5430
	5431
[354]	5432
	5433
[240]	5434	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">.F.<br>
[108]	5435
	5436
[354]	5437
	5438
[108]	5439	</td>
	5440
	5441
	5442
[354]	5443
	5444
[108]	5445	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5446
	5447
[354]	5448
	5449
[108]	5450	<p>Output of 2d
	5451	cross section data at the beginning of a run.  </p>
	5452
	5453
[354]	5454
	5455
[108]	5456
	5457
	5458
[354]	5459
	5460
[108]	5461	<p>The
[48]	5462	temporal intervals of output times of 2d cross section data (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
	5463	are usually determined with parameters <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_xy">dt_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_xz">dt_do2d_xz</a>
[5]	5464	and <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_yz">dt_do2d_yz</a>.
[48]	5465	By assigning <b>do2d_at_begin</b> = <i>.T.</i>
	5466	an additional output
[5]	5467	will be made at the
	5468	beginning of a run (thus at the time t = 0 or at the respective
[108]	5469	starting times of restart runs).</p>
	5470
	5471
[354]	5472
	5473
[108]	5474	</td>
	5475
	5476
[354]	5477
	5478
[108]	5479	</tr>
	5480
	5481
[354]	5482
	5483
[108]	5484	<tr>
	5485
	5486
	5487
[354]	5488
	5489
[108]	5490	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5491
	5492
[354]	5493
	5494
[108]	5495	<p><a name="do3d_at_begin"></a><b>do3d_at_begin</b></p>
	5496
	5497
	5498
[354]	5499
	5500
[108]	5501	</td>
	5502
	5503
[354]	5504
	5505
[108]	5506	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	5507
	5508
[354]	5509
	5510
[108]	5511	</td>
	5512
	5513
	5514
[354]	5515
	5516
[240]	5517	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">.F.<br>
[108]	5518
	5519
[354]	5520
	5521
[108]	5522	</td>
	5523
	5524
	5525
[354]	5526
	5527
[108]	5528	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Output of 3d volume data
[48]	5529	at the beginning
[108]	5530	of a run.<br>
	5531
	5532
[354]	5533
	5534
[108]	5535	<br>
	5536
	5537
[354]	5538
	5539
[108]	5540	The temporal intervals of output times of
[48]	5541	3d volume data (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
[5]	5542	is usually determined with parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do3d">dt_do3d</a>.
[48]	5543	By assigning <b>do3d_at_begin</b> = <i>.T.</i>
	5544	an additional output
[5]	5545	will be made at the
	5546	beginning of a run (thus at the time t = 0 or at the respective
[108]	5547	starting times of restart runs).</td>
	5548
	5549
[354]	5550
	5551
[108]	5552	</tr>
	5553
	5554
[354]	5555
	5556
[108]	5557	<tr>
	5558
	5559
[354]	5560
	5561
[108]	5562	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5563
	5564
[354]	5565
	5566
[108]	5567	<p><a name="do3d_compress"></a><b>do3d_compress</b></p>
	5568
	5569
	5570
[354]	5571
	5572
[108]	5573	</td>
	5574
	5575
[354]	5576
	5577
[108]	5578	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	5579
	5580
[354]	5581
	5582
[108]	5583	</td>
	5584
	5585
	5586
[354]	5587
	5588
[240]	5589	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">.F.<br>
[108]	5590
	5591
[354]	5592
	5593
[108]	5594	</td>
	5595
	5596
	5597
[354]	5598
	5599
[108]	5600	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5601
	5602
[354]	5603
	5604
[108]	5605	<p>Output of data
	5606	for 3d plots in compressed form.  </p>
	5607
	5608
[354]	5609
	5610
[108]	5611
	5612
	5613
[354]	5614
	5615
[108]	5616	<p>This
[48]	5617	parameter only applies for  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
[108]	5618	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'avs'</span>.</p>
	5619
	5620
[354]	5621
	5622
[108]	5623
	5624
[354]	5625
	5626
[108]	5627	<p>Output
[48]	5628	of 3d volume data may need huge amounts of disc storage
[5]	5629	(up to several Terabytes ore more). Data compression can serve to
	5630	reduce this requirement. PALM is able to output 3d data in compressed
	5631	form using 32-bit integers, if <span style="font-weight: bold;">do3d_compress</span>
[48]	5632	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> is
	5633	assigned. This
[5]	5634	yields a loss of accuracy, but the file size is clearly reduced. The
[197]	5635	parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#do3d_comp_prec">do3d_comp_prec</a>
[5]	5636	can be used to separately define the number of significant digits for
[108]	5637	each quantity.<br>
	5638
	5639
[354]	5640
	5641
[108]	5642	</p>
	5643
	5644
[354]	5645
	5646
[108]	5647
	5648
	5649
[354]	5650
	5651
[108]	5652	<p>So far compressed data
[48]	5653	output is only possible for Cray-T3E
[5]	5654	machines. Additional information for
	5655	handling compressed data is given in <a href="chapter_4.5.6.html">chapter
[108]	5656	4.5.6</a>.</p>
	5657
	5658
[354]	5659
	5660
[108]	5661	</td>
	5662
	5663
[354]	5664
	5665
[108]	5666	</tr>
	5667
	5668
[354]	5669
	5670
[108]	5671	<tr>
	5672
	5673
[354]	5674
	5675
[108]	5676	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5677
	5678
[354]	5679
	5680
[197]	5681	<p><a name="do3d_comp_prec"></a><b>do3d_comp_prec</b></p>
[108]	5682
	5683
	5684
[354]	5685
	5686
[108]	5687	</td>
	5688
	5689
[354]	5690
	5691
[108]	5692	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C *
[48]	5693	7  <br>
[108]	5694
	5695
	5696
[354]	5697
	5698
[108]	5699	(100)</td>
	5700
	5701
[354]	5702
	5703
[240]	5704	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">see
[108]	5705	right<br>
	5706
	5707
[354]	5708
	5709
[108]	5710	</td>
	5711
	5712
[354]	5713
	5714
[108]	5715	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5716
	5717
[354]	5718
	5719
[108]	5720	<p>Significant digits in case of compressed data
	5721	output.  </p>
	5722
	5723
[354]	5724
	5725
[108]	5726
	5727
	5728
[354]	5729
	5730
[108]	5731	<p>This parameter only applies for
[48]	5732	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
[108]	5733	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'avs'</span>.</p>
	5734
	5735
[354]	5736
	5737
[108]	5738
	5739
[354]	5740
	5741
[108]	5742	<p>In
[48]	5743	case that data compression is used for output of 3d data
[5]	5744	(see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#do3d_compress">do3d_compress</a>),
	5745	this parameter determines the number of significant digits
[108]	5746	which are to be output.<br>
	5747
	5748
[354]	5749
	5750
[108]	5751	</p>
	5752
	5753
[354]	5754
	5755
[108]	5756
	5757
	5758
[354]	5759
	5760
[108]	5761	<p>Fewer digits
[48]	5762	clearly reduce the amount
[5]	5763	of data. Assignments have to be given separately for each individual
[48]	5764	quantity via a character string of the form <span style="font-style: italic;">'<quantity
	5765	name><number of
[5]	5766	significant digits>'</span>, e.g. <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt2'</span>.
	5767	Only those quantities listed in <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>
	5768	are admitted. Up to 9 significant digits are allowed (but large values
	5769	are not very reasonable
[108]	5770	because they do not effect a significant compression).<br>
	5771
	5772
[354]	5773
	5774
[108]	5775	</p>
	5776
	5777
	5778
[354]	5779
	5780
[108]	5781
	5782
[354]	5783
	5784
[197]	5785	<p>The default assignment is <span style="font-weight: bold;">do3d_comp_prec</span>
[108]	5786	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'u2'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v2'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w2'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'p5'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt2'</span>.</p>
	5787
	5788
[354]	5789
	5790
[108]	5791	</td>
	5792
	5793
	5794
[354]	5795
	5796
[108]	5797	</tr>
	5798
	5799
[354]	5800
	5801
[240]	5802	<tr>
[108]	5803
	5804
[354]	5805
	5806
[108]	5807	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5808
	5809
[354]	5810
	5811
[108]	5812	<p><a name="dt_laufparameter"></a><b>dt</b></p>
	5813
	5814
	5815
[354]	5816
	5817
[108]	5818	</td>
	5819
	5820
[354]	5821
	5822
[108]	5823	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	5824
	5825
	5826
[354]	5827
	5828
[108]	5829	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>variable</i></td>
	5830
	5831
	5832
[354]	5833
	5834
[108]	5835	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5836
	5837
[240]	5838	<font style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;" face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">Time
	5839	step to be used by the 3d-model (</font></font><span style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">in </span><font style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;" face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">s).
	5840	</font></font>
[108]	5841
	5842
	5843
	5844
	5845
[354]	5846
	5847
[240]	5848	<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"><span lang="en-GB">This parameter</span>
	5849	<span lang="en-GB">is
[48]	5850	described in
[240]	5851	detail with the initialization parameters (see</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB">dt</span></a><span lang="en-GB">).
[48]	5852	Additionally, it may be
[5]	5853	used as a run parameter and then applies to all restart runs (until it
	5854	is changed again). A switch from a constant time step to a variable
[354]	5855	time step can be achieved with <b>dt</b> = <i>-1.0</i>.</span></p>
	5856
	5857	<font face="Thorndale, serif">
[240]	5858	</font>
[108]	5859
	5860
	5861	</td>
	5862
	5863
[354]	5864
	5865
[108]	5866	</tr>
	5867
	5868
[354]	5869
	5870
[108]	5871	<tr>
	5872
	5873
[354]	5874
	5875
[108]	5876	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_averaging_input"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input</span><br>
	5877
	5878
	5879
[354]	5880
	5881
[108]	5882	</td>
	5883
	5884
[354]	5885
	5886
[108]	5887	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	5888
	5889
[354]	5890
	5891
[108]	5892	</td>
	5893
	5894
	5895
[354]	5896
	5897
[108]	5898	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br>
	5899
	5900
[354]	5901
	5902
[108]	5903	</td>
	5904
	5905
	5906
[354]	5907
	5908
[108]	5909	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Temporal interval
	5910	of data which are subject to temporal averaging (in s).<br>
	5911
	5912
[354]	5913
	5914
[108]	5915	<br>
	5916
	5917
[354]	5918
	5919
[108]	5920	By
[48]	5921	default, data from each timestep within the interval defined by <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval">averaging_interval</a>
	5922	are used for calculating the temporal average. By choosing <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input</span>
	5923	> <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">dt</font></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB"></span></font><span lang="en-GB"></span><span style="font-style: italic;"></span>,
[5]	5924	the number of time levels entering the average can be minimized. This
	5925	reduces the CPU-time of a run but may worsen the quality of the
[108]	5926	average's statistics.<br>
	5927
	5928
[354]	5929
	5930
[240]	5931	<br style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
[108]	5932
	5933
[354]	5934
	5935
[240]	5936	<font style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;" face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">With
[48]	5937	variable time step (see <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt</span>),
	5938	the number of time levels entering the average can vary from one
[240]	5939	averaging interval to the next (for a more detailed explanation see </span></font><font style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"><a href="#averaging_interval"><span lang="en-GB">averaging_interval</span></a>)</font><font style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;" face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">. It
[48]	5940	is approximately given by the quotient of <span style="font-weight: bold;">averaging_interval</span> /
	5941	MAX(<span style="font-weight: bold;"> dt_averaging_input</span>,
[108]	5942	<span style="font-weight: bold;">dt</span>) (which
[48]	5943	gives a more or less exact value if a fixed timestep is used and if
[240]	5944	this is an integral divisor of <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input</span>).</span></font><span style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
	5945	</span><br style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
[108]	5946
	5947
[354]	5948
	5949
[108]	5950	<br>
	5951
	5952
[354]	5953
	5954
[108]	5955	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	5956
	5957
[354]	5958
	5959
[108]	5960	With
[48]	5961	an averaging interval of 100.0 s and <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input</span> =
[108]	5962	<span style="font-style: italic;">10.0</span>,
[5]	5963	the time levels entering the average have a (minimum) distance of 10.0
	5964	s (their distance may of course be larger if the current timestep is
	5965	larger than 10.0 s), so the average is calculated from the data of
[108]	5966	(maximum) 10 time levels.<br>
	5967
	5968
[354]	5969
	5970
[108]	5971	<br>
	5972
	5973
[354]	5974
	5975
[108]	5976	<font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">It
[48]	5977	is allowed
	5978	to change <b>dt_averaging_input</b> during a job chain. If
	5979	the last averaging
[5]	5980	interval of the run previous to the change could not be completed (i.e.
	5981	has to be finished in the current run), the individual profiles and/or
	5982	spectra entering the averaging are not uniformly distributed over the
[108]	5983	averaging interval.<br>
	5984
	5985
[354]	5986
	5987
[108]	5988	<br>
	5989
	5990
[354]	5991
	5992
[108]	5993	</span></font>Parameter <a href="#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a> can
[48]	5994	be used to define a different temporal interval for
[108]	5995	vertical profile data and spectra.<br>
	5996
	5997
[354]	5998
	5999
[108]	6000	</td>
	6001
	6002
[354]	6003
	6004
[108]	6005	</tr>
	6006
	6007
	6008
[354]	6009
	6010
[108]	6011	<tr>
	6012
	6013
[354]	6014
	6015
[108]	6016	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6017
	6018
[354]	6019
	6020
[108]	6021	<p><a name="dt_averaging_input_pr"></a><b>dt_averaging_input_pr</b></p>
	6022
	6023
	6024
[354]	6025
	6026
[108]	6027	</td>
	6028
	6029
[354]	6030
	6031
[108]	6032	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	6033
	6034
	6035
[354]	6036
	6037
[108]	6038	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="#dt_averaging_input">dt_<br>
	6039
	6040
[354]	6041
	6042
[108]	6043	averaging_<br>
	6044
	6045
[354]	6046
	6047
[108]	6048	input</a></span></td>
	6049
	6050
	6051
[354]	6052
	6053
[108]	6054	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6055
	6056
[354]	6057
	6058
[108]	6059	<p lang="en-GB">Temporal
[48]	6060	interval of data which are subject to temporal averaging of <font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">vertical
	6061	profiles and/or spectra (</font></font>in <font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">s).
[108]	6062	</font></font> </p>
	6063
	6064
[354]	6065
	6066
[108]	6067
	6068
	6069
[354]	6070
	6071
[108]	6072	<p>By default, data from
[48]	6073	each timestep within the interval defined by<font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB"> </span></font><a href="#averaging_interval_pr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">averaging_interval_pr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and </font></span><a href="#averaging_interval_sp"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">averaging_interval_sp</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span>are
	6074	used for calculating the temporal average. By choosing <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input_pr</span>
	6075	> <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">dt</font></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB"></span></font><span lang="en-GB"></span><span style="font-style: italic;"></span>,
[5]	6076	the number of time levels entering the average can be minimized. This
	6077	reduces the CPU-time of a run but may worsen the quality of the
[108]	6078	average's statistics. <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB"></span></font><span lang="en-GB"></span><br>
	6079
	6080
[354]	6081
	6082
[108]	6083	</p>
	6084
	6085
[354]	6086
	6087
[108]	6088
	6089
[354]	6090
	6091
[108]	6092	<p>For
	6093	more explanations see parameter <a href="#dt_averaging_input">dt_averaging_input</a>.<a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB"></span></font></p>
	6094
	6095
[354]	6096
	6097
[108]	6098	</td>
	6099
	6100
	6101
[354]	6102
	6103
[108]	6104	</tr>
	6105
	6106
[354]	6107
	6108
[108]	6109	<tr>
	6110
	6111
[354]	6112
	6113
[108]	6114	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_coupling"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_coupling</span></td>
	6115
	6116
[354]	6117
	6118
[108]	6119	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	6120
	6121
[354]	6122
	6123
[108]	6124	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
	6125
	6126
[354]	6127
	6128
[108]	6129	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Temporal interval for the data exchange in case of <a href="chapter_3.8.html">runs with coupled models</a> (e.g. atmosphere - ocean) (in s).<br>
	6130
	6131
[354]	6132
	6133
[108]	6134	<br>
	6135
	6136
[354]	6137
	6138
[108]	6139	This parameter has an effect only in case of a run with coupled models. It is available starting from version 3.3a. <br>
	6140
	6141
[354]	6142
	6143
[108]	6144	<br>
	6145
	6146
[354]	6147
	6148
[108]	6149	This parameter specifies the temporal interval at which data are
	6150	exchanged at the interface between coupled models (currently: interface
	6151	between atmosphere and ocean). If this parameter is not explicitly
	6152	specified in the parameter files for both coupled models, or if there
	6153	is an inconsistency between its values for both coupled models,
	6154	the execution will terminate and an informative error message will
	6155	be given. In order to ensure synchronous coupling throughout the simulation, <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_coupling</span> should be chosen larger than
	6156	<a href="#dt_max">dt_max</a>.</td>
	6157
	6158
[354]	6159
	6160
[108]	6161	</tr>
	6162
	6163
[354]	6164
	6165
[108]	6166	<tr>
	6167
	6168
[354]	6169
	6170
[108]	6171	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_data_output"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_data_output</span><br>
	6172
	6173
	6174
[354]	6175
	6176
[108]	6177	</td>
	6178
	6179
[354]	6180
	6181
[108]	6182	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	6183
	6184
[354]	6185
	6186
[108]	6187	</td>
	6188
	6189
	6190
[354]	6191
	6192
[108]	6193	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span><br>
	6194
	6195
	6196
[354]	6197
	6198
[108]	6199	</td>
	6200
	6201
[354]	6202
	6203
[108]	6204	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6205
	6206
[354]	6207
	6208
[108]	6209	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font>
[48]	6210	at which data (3d volume data (instantaneous or time
	6211	averaged),
[5]	6212	cross sections (instantaneous or time averaged), vertical profiles,
	6213	spectra) shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). </font></p>
[108]	6214
	6215
	6216
[354]	6217
	6218
[108]	6219	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If
[48]	6220	data output is switched on (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">, <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>, <a href="#data_output_sp">data_output_sp</a>, and </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#section_xy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_xy</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), this
	6221	parameter can be used to
[5]	6222	assign the temporal interval at which these data shall be
[48]	6223	output. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can be skipped at the beginning of a
	6224	simulation using parameter <a href="#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_data_output</a>,
	6225	which has zero value by default. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference
	6226	time is the beginning of the simulation, i.e. output
	6227	takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_data_output +
	6228	dt_data_output</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output</span>
	6229	+ 2*<b>dt_data_output</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output</span>
	6230	+ 3*<b>dt_data_output</b>,
[5]	6231	etc. Since output is only done at the discrete time levels given by
[48]	6232	the timestep used, the actual output times can slightly
	6233	deviate
[108]	6234	from these theoretical values</font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">.<br>
	6235
	6236
[354]	6237
	6238
[108]	6239	<br>
	6240
	6241
[354]	6242
	6243
[108]	6244	Individual temporal
[48]	6245	intervals for the different output quantities can be assigned using
	6246	parameters <a href="#dt_do3d">dt_do3d</a>, <a href="#dt_do2d_xy">dt_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="dt_do2d_xz">dt_do2d_xz</a>, <a href="#dt_do2d_yz">dt_do2d_yz</a>, <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a>, <a href="#dt_dosp">dt_dosp</a>,
	6247	and <a href="#dt_data_output_av">dt_data_output_av</a>.</font></span>
[108]	6248	</td>
	6249
	6250
[354]	6251
	6252
[108]	6253	</tr>
	6254
	6255
[354]	6256
	6257
[108]	6258	<tr>
	6259
	6260
[354]	6261
	6262
[108]	6263	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_data_output_av"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_data_output_av</span><br>
	6264
	6265
	6266
[354]	6267
	6268
[108]	6269	</td>
	6270
	6271
[354]	6272
	6273
[108]	6274	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	6275
	6276
[354]	6277
	6278
[108]	6279	</td>
	6280
	6281
	6282
[354]	6283
	6284
[108]	6285	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
	6286	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
	6287
	6288
[354]	6289
	6290
[108]	6291	output</a></i>
	6292	</td>
	6293
	6294
[354]	6295
	6296
[108]	6297	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6298
	6299
[354]	6300
	6301
[108]	6302	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font>
[5]	6303	at which time averaged 3d volume data and/or 2d cross section data
[108]	6304	shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). </font></p>
	6305
	6306
[354]	6307
	6308
[108]	6309	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If data
[48]	6310	output of time averaged 2d and 3d data is switched on (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a> <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">and </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#section_xy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_xy</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), this
	6311	parameter can be used to
[5]	6312	assign the temporal interval at which they shall be
[48]	6313	output. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can be skipped at the beginning of a
	6314	simulation using parameter <a href="#skip_time_data_output_av">skip_time_data_output_av</a>,
	6315	which has zero value by default. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference
	6316	time is the beginning of the simulation, i.e. output
	6317	takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_data_output_av +
	6318	dt_data_output_av</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output_av</span>
	6319	+ 2*<b>dt_data_output_av</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output_av</span>
	6320	+ 3*<b>dt_data_output_av</b>,
[5]	6321	etc. Since output is only done at the discrete time levels given by
[48]	6322	the timestep used, the actual output times can slightly
	6323	deviate from
[108]	6324	these theoretical values</font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">.<br>
	6325
	6326
[354]	6327
	6328
[108]	6329	<br>
	6330
	6331
[354]	6332
	6333
[108]	6334	</font></span>The
[48]	6335	length of the averaging interval is controlled via parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval">averaging_interval</a>.</td>
[108]	6336
	6337
	6338
[354]	6339
	6340
[108]	6341	</tr>
	6342
	6343
[354]	6344
	6345
[108]	6346	<tr>
	6347
	6348
[354]	6349
	6350
[108]	6351	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6352
	6353
[354]	6354
	6355
[108]	6356	<p><a name="dt_disturb"></a><b>dt_disturb</b></p>
	6357
	6358
	6359
[354]	6360
	6361
[108]	6362	</td>
	6363
	6364
[354]	6365
	6366
[108]	6367	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	6368
	6369
	6370
[354]	6371
	6372
[108]	6373	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
	6374
	6375
	6376
[354]	6377
	6378
[108]	6379	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6380
	6381
[354]	6382
	6383
[108]	6384	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	6385	interval</font> at which random
[5]	6386	perturbations are to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field
[48]	6387	(</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).  </font>
[108]	6388	</p>
	6389
	6390
[354]	6391
	6392
[108]	6393
	6394
	6395
[354]	6396
	6397
[108]	6398	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The parameter </font></span><a href="#create_disturbances"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">create_disturbances</font></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">
[48]	6399	describes how to impose
	6400	random perturbations to the horizontal velocity field</span></font><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">.</span>
[108]	6401	</font> </p>
	6402
	6403
[354]	6404
	6405
[108]	6406	</td>
	6407
	6408
[354]	6409
	6410
[108]	6411	</tr>
	6412
	6413
[354]	6414
	6415
[108]	6416	<tr>
	6417
	6418
[354]	6419
	6420
[108]	6421	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6422
	6423
[354]	6424
	6425
[108]	6426	<p><a name="dt_dopr"></a><b>dt_dopr</b></p>
	6427
	6428
	6429
[354]	6430
	6431
[108]	6432	</td>
	6433
	6434
[354]	6435
	6436
[108]	6437	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	6438
	6439
	6440
[354]	6441
	6442
[108]	6443	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
	6444	<a href="#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
	6445
	6446
[354]	6447
	6448
[108]	6449	output</a></i></td>
	6450
	6451
	6452
[354]	6453
	6454
[108]	6455	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6456
	6457
[354]	6458
	6459
[108]	6460	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Temporal
[48]	6461	interval at
[5]	6462	which data of vertical profiles shall be output (to local
[48]	6463	file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF</a>
	6464	or/and </font></span><a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">PLOT1D_DATA</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">) (</font></span>in
[108]	6465	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">s).
	6466	</font></span> </p>
	6467
	6468
[354]	6469
	6470
[108]	6471
	6472
	6473
[354]	6474
	6475
[108]	6476	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
[48]	6477	horizontally averaged vertical profiles is switched on (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output_pr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">this
	6478	parameter can be used to
	6479	assign the temporal interval at which profile data shall be output.</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"> </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can
	6480	be skipped at the beginning of a simulation using parameter <a href="#skip_time_dopr">skip_time_dopr</a>, which has
	6481	zero value by default. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference
	6482	time is the beginning
[5]	6483	of the simulation, thus t = 0, </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">i.e. output
[48]	6484	takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_dopr + dt_dopr</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dopr</span> + 2*<b>dt_dopr</b>,
[108]	6485	<span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dopr</span>
[48]	6486	+ 3*<b>dt_dopr</b>,
[5]	6487	etc.</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"> Since
	6488	profiles can not be calculated for times lying within a time step
	6489	interval, the output times can deviate from these theoretical values.
	6490	If a time step ranges from t = 1799.8 to t = 1800.2, then in the
	6491	example above the output would take place at t = 1800.2. In general,
[48]	6492	the output always lie between t = 1800.0 and t = 1800.0 + </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">. If the
	6493	model uses a variable time step, these
[5]	6494	deviations from the theoretical output times will of course be
[108]	6495	different for each output time.<br>
	6496
	6497
[354]	6498
	6499
[108]	6500	</font></span></p>
	6501
	6502
	6503
[354]	6504
	6505
[108]	6506
	6507
[354]	6508
	6509
[108]	6510	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In
[48]	6511	order to
	6512	guarantee an output of profile data at the end of a simulation (see </font></span><font><a href="chapter_4.1.html#end_time"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">end_time</font></span></a></font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">) in any way</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">,
[108]	6513	<span style="font-weight: bold;">end_time</span>
[5]	6514	should be equal or a little bit
	6515	larger than the respective theoretical output time. For example, if <b>dt_dopr</b>
[48]	6516	= <i>900.0</i><span style="font-style: italic;">
[108]	6517	</span>and 3600.0
[5]	6518	seconds are to be simulated, then <b>end_time</b>
[48]	6519	>= 3600.0 should be chosen.</font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>  </font></span>
[108]	6520	</p>
	6521
	6522
[354]	6523
	6524
[108]	6525
	6526
	6527
[354]	6528
	6529
[108]	6530	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">A selection of
[48]	6531	profiles to be output can be done via parameter </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output_pr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">. </font></span>
[108]	6532	</p>
	6533
	6534
[354]	6535
	6536
[108]	6537	</td>
	6538
	6539
[354]	6540
	6541
[108]	6542	</tr>
	6543
	6544
[354]	6545
	6546
[108]	6547	<tr>
	6548
	6549
[354]	6550
	6551
[108]	6552	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_dopr_listing"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dopr_listing</span><br>
	6553
	6554
	6555
[354]	6556
	6557
[108]	6558	</td>
	6559
	6560
[354]	6561
	6562
[108]	6563	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	6564
	6565
[354]	6566
	6567
[108]	6568	</td>
	6569
	6570
	6571
[354]	6572
	6573
[108]	6574	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
	6575
	6576
	6577
[354]	6578
	6579
[108]	6580	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6581
	6582
[354]	6583
	6584
[108]	6585	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	6586	interval</font> at which data <font face="Thorndale">of
	6587	vertical
	6588	profiles shall be output (output for printouts, local file </font></span><a href="chapter_3.4.html#LIST_PROFIL"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">LIST_PROFIL</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">) (</font></span>in
[108]	6589	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">s). </font></span>
	6590	</p>
	6591
	6592
[354]	6593
	6594
[108]	6595
	6596
	6597
[354]	6598
	6599
[108]	6600	<p>T<span lang="en-GB"></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pr1d"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">his
[5]	6601	parameter can be used to
[48]	6602	assign the temporal interval at which profile data shall be output.</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"> Reference
	6603	time is the beginning
	6604	of the simulation, thus t = 0. For example if <b>dt_dopr_listing</b>
	6605	= 1800.0,
[5]	6606	then output takes place at t = 1800.0, 3600.0, 5400.0, etc. Since
	6607	profiles can not be calculated for times lying within a time step
	6608	interval, the output times can deviate from these theoretical values.
	6609	If a time step ranges from t = 1799.8 to t = 1800.2, then in the
	6610	example above the output would take place at t = 1800.2. In general,
[48]	6611	the output always lie between t = 1800.0 and t = 1800.0 + </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt</font></span></a> <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(numbers
	6612	are related to
[5]	6613	the
	6614	example above). If the model uses a variable time step, these
	6615	deviations from the theoretical output times will of course be
[108]	6616	different for each output time.<br>
	6617
	6618
[354]	6619
	6620
[108]	6621	</font></span></p>
	6622
	6623
	6624
[354]	6625
	6626
[108]	6627
	6628
[354]	6629
	6630
[108]	6631	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In
[48]	6632	order to
	6633	guarantee an output of profile data at the end of a simulation (see </font></span><font><a href="chapter_4.1.html#end_time"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">end_time</font></span></a></font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">) in any way</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">,
[108]	6634	<span style="font-weight: bold;">end_time</span>
[5]	6635	should be a little bit
	6636	larger than the respective theoretical output time. For example, if <b>dt_dopr_listing</b>
[48]	6637	= <i>900.0</i><span style="font-style: italic;">
[108]	6638	</span>and 3600.0
[5]	6639	seconds are to be simulated, then it should be at least  <b>end_time</b>
[48]	6640	> 3600.0 + </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">. If
	6641	variable time steps are used
[5]	6642	(which is the default), <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt</span>
	6643	should be properly estimated.  </font></span> </p>
[108]	6644
	6645
	6646
[354]	6647
	6648
[108]	6649
	6650
[354]	6651
	6652
[108]	6653	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Data
[48]	6654	and output
	6655	format of the file </font></span><a href="chapter_3.4.html#LIST_PROFIL"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">LIST_PROFIL</font></span></a>
[108]	6656	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">is
[48]	6657	internally fixed. In this file
[5]	6658	the profiles of the most important model variables are arranged in
[108]	6659	adjacent columns.</font></span> </p>
	6660
	6661
[354]	6662
	6663
[108]	6664	</td>
	6665
	6666
[354]	6667
	6668
[108]	6669	</tr>
	6670
	6671
	6672
[354]	6673
	6674
[108]	6675	<tr>
	6676
	6677
[354]	6678
	6679
[108]	6680	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6681
	6682
[354]	6683
	6684
[108]	6685	<p><a name="dt_dots"></a><b>dt_dots</b></p>
	6686
	6687
	6688
[354]	6689
	6690
[108]	6691	</td>
	6692
	6693
[354]	6694
	6695
[108]	6696	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	6697
	6698
	6699
[354]	6700
	6701
[108]	6702	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">see right</span></td>
	6703
	6704
	6705
[354]	6706
	6707
[108]	6708	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6709
	6710
[354]	6711
	6712
[108]	6713	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	6714	interval</font> at which time series data shall be
	6715	output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). </font>
[108]	6716	</p>
	6717
	6718
[354]	6719
	6720
[108]	6721
	6722
	6723
[354]	6724
	6725
[108]	6726	<p>The default interval for the output of timeseries
[48]	6727	is calculated as shown below (this tries to minimize the number of
[108]	6728	calls of <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">flow_statistics</span>)</p>
	6729
	6730
[354]	6731
	6732
[108]	6733
	6734
[354]	6735
	6736
[108]	6737	<p style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">
[48]	6738	IF ( <a href="#averaging_interval_pr">averaging_interval_pr</a>
[108]	6739	== 0.0 )  THEN<br>
	6740
	6741
[354]	6742
	6743
[108]	6744
	6745	<span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span> =
	6746	MIN( <a href="#dt_run_control">dt_run_control</a>, <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a> )<br>
	6747
	6748
[354]	6749
	6750
[108]	6751
	6752	ELSE<br>
	6753
	6754
[354]	6755
	6756
[108]	6757
	6758	<span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span> =
[48]	6759	MIN( dt_run_control, <a href="#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a>
[108]	6760	)<br>
	6761
	6762
[354]	6763
	6764
[108]	6765
	6766	ENDIF</p>
	6767
	6768
[354]	6769
	6770
[108]	6771
	6772
[354]	6773
	6774
[108]	6775	<p>This parameter can be used to
[48]	6776	assign the temporal interval at which data points shall be output. <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference
	6777	time is the beginning of
[5]	6778	the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <b>dt_dots</b>,
[48]	6779	2<b>dt_dots</b>, 3<b>dt_dots</b>, etc. The
	6780	actual output times can
	6781	deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).
	6782	Is <b>dt_dots</b> < </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">, then data
	6783	of the time series are
[5]	6784	written after each time step (if this is requested it should be <b>dt_dots</b>
[108]	6785	= <i>0</i>).</font></span></p>
	6786
	6787
[354]	6788
	6789
[108]	6790
	6791
[354]	6792
	6793
[108]	6794	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">The default
[48]	6795	value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span>
[108]	6796	is calculated as follows:</font></span></p>
	6797
	6798
[354]	6799
	6800
[108]	6801
[48]	6802	IF ( <a href="#averaging_interval_pr">averaging_interval_pr</a>
[108]	6803	== 0.0 )  THEN<br>
	6804
	6805
[354]	6806
	6807
[108]	6808
	6809	<span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span> =
	6810	MIN( <a href="#dt_run_control">dt_run_control</a>, <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a> )<br>
	6811
	6812
[354]	6813
	6814
[108]	6815
	6816	ELSE<br>
	6817
	6818
[354]	6819
	6820
[108]	6821
	6822	<span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span> =
[48]	6823	MIN( <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_run_control</span>,
[108]	6824	<a href="#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a>
	6825	)<br>
	6826
	6827
[354]	6828
	6829
[108]	6830
	6831	ENDIF<br>
	6832
	6833
[354]	6834
	6835
[108]	6836	<br>
	6837
	6838
[354]	6839
	6840
[108]	6841	(which minimizes the number of calls of
	6842	routine flow_statistics).<br>
	6843
	6844
[354]	6845
	6846
[108]	6847
	6848
[354]	6849
	6850
[108]	6851	<p>By default time series data
[48]	6852	is output to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF">DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF</a>.
	6853	Because of the default settings of <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span>,
	6854	it will generally be created for each model run. The file's
	6855	format is NetCDF.  Further details about processing NetCDF
[108]	6856	data are given in chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a>.</p>
	6857
	6858
[354]	6859
	6860
[108]	6861	The
[48]	6862	file contains the following timeseries quantities (the first column
[108]	6863	gives the name of the quantities as used in the NetCDF file):<br>
	6864
	6865
[354]	6866
	6867
[108]	6868
	6869
[354]	6870
	6871
[108]	6872	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	6873
	6874
[354]	6875
	6876
[108]	6877	<tbody>
	6878
	6879
[354]	6880
	6881
[108]	6882	<tr>
	6883
	6884
[354]	6885
	6886
[108]	6887	<td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: middle;">E<br>
	6888
	6889
	6890
[354]	6891
	6892
[108]	6893	</td>
	6894
	6895
[354]	6896
	6897
[108]	6898	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total
[48]	6899	kinetic energy of
	6900	the flow (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)
	6901	(normalized with respect to the total number of grid points).</td>
[108]	6902
	6903
	6904
[354]	6905
	6906
[108]	6907	</tr>
	6908
	6909
[354]	6910
	6911
[108]	6912	<tr>
	6913
	6914
[354]	6915
	6916
[108]	6917	<td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: middle;">E*<br>
	6918
	6919
	6920
[354]	6921
	6922
[108]	6923	</td>
	6924
	6925
[354]	6926
	6927
[108]	6928	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Perturbation
[48]	6929	kinetic
	6930	energy of the flow (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)<sup>
[108]	6931	</sup>(normalized
[48]	6932	with respect to the total number of grid
[108]	6933	points)</td>
	6934
	6935
[354]	6936
	6937
[108]	6938	</tr>
	6939
	6940
[354]	6941
	6942
[108]	6943	<tr>
	6944
	6945
[354]	6946
	6947
[108]	6948	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">dt<br>
	6949
	6950
	6951
[354]	6952
	6953
[108]	6954	</td>
	6955
	6956
[354]	6957
	6958
[108]	6959	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Time step
	6960	size (in s).</td>
	6961
	6962
[354]	6963
	6964
[108]	6965	</tr>
	6966
	6967
[354]	6968
	6969
[108]	6970	<tr>
	6971
	6972
[354]	6973
	6974
[108]	6975	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">u<sub>*</sub></td>
	6976
	6977
	6978
[354]	6979
	6980
[108]	6981	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Friction velocity (in
[48]	6982	m/s)
[108]	6983	(horizontal average).</td>
	6984
	6985
[354]	6986
	6987
[108]	6988	</tr>
	6989
	6990
[354]	6991
	6992
[108]	6993	<tr>
	6994
	6995
[354]	6996
	6997
[108]	6998	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">w<sub>*</sub></td>
	6999
	7000
	7001
[354]	7002
	7003
[108]	7004	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Vertical velocity scale
[48]	7005	of
[108]	7006	the CBL (in m/s) (horizontal average)</td>
	7007
	7008
[354]	7009
	7010
[108]	7011	</tr>
	7012
	7013
[354]	7014
	7015
[108]	7016	<tr>
	7017
	7018
	7019
[354]	7020
	7021
[108]	7022	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">th<sub>*</sub></td>
	7023
	7024
	7025
[354]	7026
	7027
[108]	7028	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Temperature
[48]	7029	scale (Prandtl layer), defined as <i>w"pt"0
	7030	/ </i><i>u<sub>*</sub></i>
	7031	(horizontal
[108]	7032	average) (in K).</td>
	7033
	7034
[354]	7035
	7036
[108]	7037	</tr>
	7038
	7039
[354]	7040
	7041
[108]	7042	<tr>
	7043
	7044
[354]	7045
	7046
[108]	7047	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">umax<br>
	7048
	7049
	7050
[354]	7051
	7052
[108]	7053	</td>
	7054
	7055
[354]	7056
	7057
[108]	7058	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
[48]	7059	u-component of the
[108]	7060	velocity (in m/s).</td>
	7061
	7062
[354]	7063
	7064
[108]	7065	</tr>
	7066
	7067
[354]	7068
	7069
[108]	7070	<tr>
	7071
	7072
[354]	7073
	7074
[108]	7075	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">vmax<br>
	7076
	7077
	7078
[354]	7079
	7080
[108]	7081	</td>
	7082
	7083
[354]	7084
	7085
[108]	7086	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
[48]	7087	v-component of the
[108]	7088	velocity (in m/s).</td>
	7089
	7090
[354]	7091
	7092
[108]	7093	</tr>
	7094
	7095
[354]	7096
	7097
[108]	7098	<tr>
	7099
	7100
[354]	7101
	7102
[108]	7103	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">wmax<br>
	7104
	7105
	7106
[354]	7107
	7108
[108]	7109	</td>
	7110
	7111
[354]	7112
	7113
[108]	7114	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
[48]	7115	w-component of the
[108]	7116	velocity (in m/s).</td>
	7117
	7118
[354]	7119
	7120
[108]	7121	</tr>
	7122
	7123
[354]	7124
	7125
[108]	7126	<tr>
	7127
	7128
[354]	7129
	7130
[108]	7131	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">div_old<br>
	7132
	7133
	7134
[354]	7135
	7136
[108]	7137	</td>
	7138
	7139
[354]	7140
	7141
[108]	7142	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Divergence
[48]	7143	of the velocity
	7144	field before the pressure
	7145	solver has been called (normalized with respect to the total number of
[108]	7146	grid points) (in 1/s).</td>
	7147
	7148
[354]	7149
	7150
[108]	7151	</tr>
	7152
	7153
[354]	7154
	7155
[108]	7156	<tr>
	7157
	7158
[354]	7159
	7160
[108]	7161	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">div_new</td>
	7162
	7163
	7164
[354]	7165
	7166
[108]	7167	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Divergence of the
[48]	7168	velocity
	7169	field after the pressure
	7170	solver has been called (normalized with respect to the total number of
[108]	7171	grid points) (in 1/s).</td>
	7172
	7173
[354]	7174
	7175
[108]	7176	</tr>
	7177
	7178
[354]	7179
	7180
[108]	7181	<tr>
	7182
	7183
[354]	7184
	7185
[108]	7186	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">z_i_wpt</td>
	7187
	7188
	7189
[354]	7190
	7191
[108]	7192	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Height of the convective
[48]	7193	boundary layer (horizontal average)
	7194	determined by the height of the minimum sensible heat flux (in m).</td>
[108]	7195
	7196
	7197
[354]	7198
	7199
[108]	7200	</tr>
	7201
	7202
[354]	7203
	7204
[108]	7205	<tr>
	7206
	7207
[354]	7208
	7209
[108]	7210	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">z_i_pt</td>
	7211
	7212
	7213
[354]	7214
	7215
[108]	7216	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Height of the convective
[48]	7217	boundary layer (horizontal average)
[291]	7218	determined by the temperature profile, following the criterion of Sullivan et al. (1998) (in m).</td>
[108]	7219
	7220
[354]	7221
	7222
[108]	7223	</tr>
	7224
	7225
[354]	7226
	7227
[108]	7228	<tr>
	7229
	7230
	7231
[354]	7232
	7233
[108]	7234	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">w"pt"0</td>
	7235
	7236
	7237
[354]	7238
	7239
[108]	7240	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale sensible
[197]	7241	heat flux at k=0 (horizontal
	7242	average), constant within Prandtl-layer (in K m/s).</td>
[108]	7243
	7244
[354]	7245
	7246
[108]	7247	</tr>
	7248
	7249
[354]	7250
	7251
[108]	7252	<tr>
	7253
	7254
[354]	7255
	7256
[108]	7257	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">w"pt"</td>
	7258
	7259
	7260
[354]	7261
	7262
[108]	7263	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale heat flux
[48]	7264	(horizontal average) for z = zw(1) (in K
[108]	7265	m/s).</td>
	7266
	7267
[354]	7268
	7269
[108]	7270	</tr>
	7271
	7272
[354]	7273
	7274
[108]	7275	<tr>
	7276
	7277
[354]	7278
	7279
[108]	7280	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">wpt</td>
	7281
	7282
	7283
[354]	7284
	7285
[108]	7286	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total heat flux
	7287	(horizontal average) for z = zw(1) (in K m/s).</td>
	7288
	7289
[354]	7290
	7291
[108]	7292	</tr>
	7293
	7294
[354]	7295
	7296
	7297	<tr>
	7298
	7299	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">w"u"0</span></td>
	7300
	7301	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Subgrid-scale momentum flux (u-component) at k=0 (horizontal average), constant within Prandtl-layer (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
	7302
	7303	</tr>
	7304
	7305	<tr>
	7306
	7307	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">w"v"0</span></td>
	7308
	7309	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Subgrid-scale momentum flux (v-component) at k=0 (horizontal average), constant within Prandtl-layer (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
	7310
	7311	</tr>
	7312
	7313	<tr>
	7314
	7315	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">w"q"0</span></td>
	7316
	7317	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Subgrid-scale
[197]	7318	humidity flux at k=0 (horizontal average), constant within
	7319	Prandtl-layer (in kg/kg m/s). Zero values are output if humidity is not
[354]	7320	used.</td>
[108]	7321
[354]	7322	</tr>
[108]	7323
[354]	7324	<tr>
[108]	7325
[354]	7326
	7327
	7328
	7329
[108]	7330	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">pt(0)</td>
	7331
	7332
	7333
[354]	7334
	7335
[108]	7336	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Potential temperature at
	7337	the surface (horizontal average) (in K).</td>
	7338
	7339
[354]	7340
	7341
[108]	7342	</tr>
	7343
	7344
[354]	7345
	7346
[108]	7347	<tr>
	7348
	7349
	7350
[354]	7351
	7352
[108]	7353	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">pt(zp)</td>
	7354
	7355
	7356
[354]	7357
	7358
[108]	7359	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Potential temperature for
	7360	z = zu(1) (horizontal average) (in K).</td>
	7361
	7362
[354]	7363
	7364
[108]	7365	</tr>
	7366
	7367
[354]	7368
	7369
[197]	7370
[108]	7371
	7372
[197]	7373
[108]	7374
	7375
[197]	7376
[108]	7377
	7378
	7379	<tr>
	7380
	7381
[354]	7382
	7383
[108]	7384	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">L</td>
	7385
	7386
	7387
[354]	7388
	7389
[108]	7390	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Monin-Obukhov length.</td>
	7391
	7392
	7393
[354]	7394
	7395
[108]	7396	</tr>
	7397
	7398
[354]	7399
	7400
[108]	7401
	7402
	7403
[354]	7404
	7405
[108]	7406	</tbody>
	7407
	7408
[354]	7409
	7410
[108]	7411	</table>
	7412
	7413
[354]	7414
	7415
[108]	7416	<br>
	7417
	7418
[354]	7419
	7420
[108]	7421	Additionally, the
[48]	7422	user can add his own timeseries quantities to the file, by using the
	7423	user-interface subroutines<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init">user_init</a> </span>and<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_statistics">user_statistics</a></span>.
	7424	These routines contain (as comment lines) a simple example how to do
[108]	7425	this.<br>
	7426
	7427
[354]	7428
	7429
[108]	7430	<br>
	7431
	7432
[354]	7433
	7434
[108]	7435	Time series data refers to the total
[48]	7436	domain, but time series for subdomains can also be output (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>).
	7437	However, the following time series always present the values of the
	7438	total model domain (even with output for subdomains): <i>umax</i>,
[108]	7439	<i>vmax</i>, <i>wmax</i>, <i>div_old</i>,
	7440	<i>div_new</i>.</td>
	7441
	7442
[354]	7443
	7444
[108]	7445	</tr>
	7446
	7447
[354]	7448
	7449
[108]	7450	<tr>
	7451
	7452
[354]	7453
	7454
[108]	7455	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7456
	7457
[354]	7458
	7459
[108]	7460	<p><a name="dt_do2d_xy"></a><b>dt_do2d_xy</b></p>
	7461
	7462
	7463
[354]	7464
	7465
[108]	7466	</td>
	7467
	7468
[354]	7469
	7470
[108]	7471	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	7472
	7473
	7474
[354]	7475
	7476
[108]	7477	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
	7478	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
	7479
	7480
[354]	7481
	7482
[108]	7483	output</a></i></td>
	7484
	7485
	7486
[354]	7487
	7488
[108]	7489	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7490
	7491
[354]	7492
	7493
[108]	7494	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	7495	interval</font> at which horizontal cross section data
	7496	shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).
[108]	7497	</font> </p>
	7498
	7499
[354]	7500
	7501
[108]	7502
	7503
	7504
[354]	7505
	7506
[108]	7507	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
[5]	7508	horizontal cross sections is switched on (see </font></span><a href="#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a>
[108]	7509	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">and
	7510	</font></span><a href="#section_xy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_xy</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), this
[48]	7511	parameter can be used to
[5]	7512	assign the temporal interval at which cross section data shall be
[48]	7513	output. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can be skipped at the beginning of a
	7514	simulation using parameter <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xy">skip_time_do2d_xy</a>,
	7515	which has zero value by default. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference
	7516	time is the beginning of the simulation, i.e. output
	7517	takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_do2d_xy + dt_do2d_xy</b>,
[108]	7518	<span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xy</span>
[48]	7519	+ 2*<b>dt_do2d_xy</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xy</span>
	7520	+ 3*<b>dt_do2d_xy</b>,
[5]	7521	etc. The actual output times can deviate from these theoretical values
	7522	(see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).<br>
[108]	7523
	7524
	7525
[354]	7526
	7527
[108]	7528	</font></span></p>
	7529
	7530
[354]	7531
	7532
[108]	7533
	7534
	7535
[354]	7536
	7537
[108]	7538	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Parameter </font></span><a href="#do2d_at_begin"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">do2d_at_begin</font></span></a>
[48]	7539	has to be used if an additional output is wanted at the start of a run <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(thus at
	7540	the time t = 0 or at the
[5]	7541	respective starting times of restart runs).</font></span> </p>
[108]	7542
	7543
	7544
[354]	7545
	7546
[108]	7547	</td>
	7548
	7549
[354]	7550
	7551
[108]	7552	</tr>
	7553
	7554
[354]	7555
	7556
[108]	7557	<tr>
	7558
	7559
[354]	7560
	7561
[108]	7562	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7563
	7564
[354]	7565
	7566
[108]	7567	<p><a name="dt_do2d_xz"></a><b>dt_do2d_xz</b></p>
	7568
	7569
	7570
[354]	7571
	7572
[108]	7573	</td>
	7574
	7575
[354]	7576
	7577
[108]	7578	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	7579
	7580
	7581
[354]	7582
	7583
[108]	7584	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
	7585	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
	7586
	7587
[354]	7588
	7589
[108]	7590	output</a></i></td>
	7591
	7592
	7593
[354]	7594
	7595
[108]	7596	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7597
	7598
[354]	7599
	7600
[108]	7601	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	7602	interval</font> at which vertical cross sections data
	7603	(xz) shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).
[108]	7604	</font> </p>
	7605
	7606
[354]	7607
	7608
[108]	7609
	7610
	7611
[354]	7612
	7613
[108]	7614	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
[5]	7615	horizontal cross sections is switched on (see </font></span><a href="#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a>
[108]	7616	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">and
	7617	</font></span><a href="#section_xz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_xz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">),
[5]	7618	this parameter can be used to assign the temporal interval at which
[48]	7619	cross section data shall be output. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can
	7620	be skipped at the beginning of a simulation using parameter <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xz">skip_time_do2d_xz</a>, which
	7621	has zero value by default. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference time is the beginning of
	7622	the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_do2d_xz
	7623	+ dt_do2d_xz</b>,
[108]	7624	<span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xz</span>
[48]	7625	+ 2*<b>dt_do2d_xz</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xz</span>
	7626	+ 3*<b>dt_do2d_xz</b>, etc. The actual output times
[5]	7627	can deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).<br>
[108]	7628
	7629
	7630
[354]	7631
	7632
[108]	7633	</font></span></p>
	7634
	7635
[354]	7636
	7637
[108]	7638
	7639
	7640
[354]	7641
	7642
[108]	7643	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Parameter </font></span><a href="#do2d_at_begin"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">do2d_at_begin</font></span></a>
[48]	7644	has to be used if an additional output is wanted at the start of a run <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(thus at
	7645	the time t = 0 or at the
[5]	7646	respective starting times of restart runs).</font></span> </p>
[108]	7647
	7648
	7649
[354]	7650
	7651
[108]	7652	</td>
	7653
	7654
[354]	7655
	7656
[108]	7657	</tr>
	7658
	7659
[354]	7660
	7661
[108]	7662	<tr>
	7663
	7664
[354]	7665
	7666
[108]	7667	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7668
	7669
[354]	7670
	7671
[108]	7672	<p><a name="dt_do2d_yz"></a><b>dt_do2d_yz</b></p>
	7673
	7674
	7675
[354]	7676
	7677
[108]	7678	</td>
	7679
	7680
[354]	7681
	7682
[108]	7683	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	7684
	7685
	7686
[354]	7687
	7688
[108]	7689	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
	7690	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
	7691
	7692
[354]	7693
	7694
[108]	7695	output</a></i></td>
	7696
	7697
	7698
[354]	7699
	7700
[108]	7701	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7702
	7703
[354]	7704
	7705
[108]	7706	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	7707	interval</font> at which vertical cross section data
	7708	(yz) shall be output (</font>in s<font face="Thorndale">).
[108]	7709	</font> </p>
	7710
	7711
[354]	7712
	7713
[108]	7714
	7715
	7716
[354]	7717
	7718
[108]	7719	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
[5]	7720	horizontal cross sections is switched on (see </font></span><a href="#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a>
[108]	7721	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">and
	7722	</font></span><a href="#section_yz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_yz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">),
[5]	7723	this parameter can be used to assign the temporal interval at which
[48]	7724	cross section data shall be output. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can
	7725	be skipped at the beginning of a simulation using parameter <a href="#skip_time_do2d_yz">skip_time_do2d_yz</a>, which
	7726	has zero value by default. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference
	7727	time is the beginning of
	7728	the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_do2d_yz
	7729	+ dt_do2d_yz</b>,
[108]	7730	<span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_yz</span>
[48]	7731	+ 2*<b>dt_do2d_yz</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_yz
[108]	7732	</span>+ 3*<b>dt_do2d_yz</b>, etc. The actual output
[48]	7733	times
[5]	7734	can deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).<br>
[108]	7735
	7736
	7737
[354]	7738
	7739
[108]	7740	</font></span></p>
	7741
	7742
[354]	7743
	7744
[108]	7745
	7746
	7747
[354]	7748
	7749
[108]	7750	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Parameter </font></span><a href="#do2d_at_begin"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">do2d_at_begin</font></span></a>
[48]	7751	has to be used if an additional output is wanted at the start of a run <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(thus at
	7752	the time t = 0 or at the
[5]	7753	respective starting times of restart runs).</font></span> </p>
[108]	7754
	7755
	7756
[354]	7757
	7758
[108]	7759	</td>
	7760
	7761
[354]	7762
	7763
[108]	7764	</tr>
	7765
	7766
[354]	7767
	7768
[108]	7769	<tr>
	7770
	7771
[354]	7772
	7773
[108]	7774	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7775
	7776
[354]	7777
	7778
[108]	7779	<p><a name="dt_do3d"></a><b>dt_do3d</b></p>
	7780
	7781
	7782
[354]	7783
	7784
[108]	7785	</td>
	7786
	7787
[354]	7788
	7789
[108]	7790	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	7791
	7792
	7793
[354]	7794
	7795
[108]	7796	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
	7797	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
	7798
	7799
[354]	7800
	7801
[108]	7802	output</a></i></td>
	7803
	7804
	7805
[354]	7806
	7807
[108]	7808	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7809
	7810
[354]	7811
	7812
[108]	7813	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	7814	interval</font> at which 3d volume data shall be output (</font>in
[108]	7815	<font face="Thorndale">s).  </font> </p>
	7816
	7817
	7818
[354]	7819
	7820
[108]	7821
	7822
[354]	7823
	7824
[108]	7825	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If
[48]	7826	output of
	7827	3d-volume data is switched on (see </font></span><font><a href="#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a>)<span style="font-family: thorndale;">, this parameter can be used
	7828	to assign
[5]	7829	th</span></font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">e temporal
[48]	7830	interval at which 3d-data shall be output. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can
	7831	be skipped at the beginning of a simulation using parameter <a href="#skip_time_do3d">skip_time_do3d</a>, which has
	7832	zero value by default. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference
	7833	time is the
	7834	beginning of the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_do3d
	7835	+ dt_do3d</b>,
[108]	7836	<span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do3d</span>
[48]	7837	+ 2*<b>dt_do3d</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do3d</span>
	7838	+ 3*<b>dt_do3d</b>, etc. The actual output times can
[5]	7839	deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">). <br>
[108]	7840
	7841
	7842
[354]	7843
	7844
[108]	7845	</font></span></p>
	7846
	7847
[354]	7848
	7849
[108]	7850
	7851
	7852
[354]	7853
	7854
[108]	7855	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Parameter </font></span><a href="#do3d_at_begin"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">do3d_at_begin</font></span></a>
[48]	7856	has to be used if an additional output is wanted at the start of a run <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(thus at
	7857	the time t = 0 or at the
[5]	7858	respective starting times of restart runs).</font></span> </p>
[108]	7859
	7860
	7861
[354]	7862
	7863
[108]	7864	</td>
	7865
	7866
[354]	7867
	7868
[108]	7869	</tr>
	7870
	7871
[354]	7872
	7873
[108]	7874	<tr>
	7875
	7876
[354]	7877
	7878
[108]	7879	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_max"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_max</span></td>
	7880
	7881
[354]	7882
	7883
[108]	7884	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	7885
	7886
[354]	7887
	7888
[108]	7889	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">20.0</span></td>
	7890
	7891
[354]	7892
	7893
[108]	7894	<td>Maximum
	7895	allowed value of the timestep (in s).<br>
	7896
	7897
[354]	7898
	7899
[108]	7900	<br>
	7901
	7902
[354]	7903
	7904
[108]	7905	By default,
[61]	7906	the maximum timestep is restricted to be 20 s. This might be o.k. for
	7907	simulations of any kind of atmospheric turbulence but may have to be
[108]	7908	changed for other situations.</td>
	7909
	7910
[354]	7911
	7912
[108]	7913	</tr>
	7914
	7915
[354]	7916
	7917
[108]	7918	<tr>
	7919
	7920
[354]	7921
	7922
[108]	7923	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7924
	7925
[354]	7926
	7927
[108]	7928	<p><a name="dt_restart"></a><b>dt_restart</b></p>
	7929
	7930
	7931
[354]	7932
	7933
[108]	7934	</td>
	7935
	7936
[354]	7937
	7938
[108]	7939	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	7940
	7941
	7942
[354]	7943
	7944
[108]	7945	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
	7946
	7947
	7948
[354]	7949
	7950
[108]	7951	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7952
	7953
[354]	7954
	7955
[108]	7956	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	7957	interval</font> at which a new
[108]	7958	restart run is to be carried out (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). </font> </p>
	7959
	7960
[354]	7961
	7962
[108]	7963
	7964
	7965
[354]	7966
	7967
[108]	7968	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">For a
[48]	7969	description
[5]	7970	how to assign restart times manually see run time parameter </font></span><a href="#restart_time"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">restart_time</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">. <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_restart</span>
	7971	does not show any effect, if <span style="font-weight: bold;">restart_time</span>
[108]	7972	has not been set.</font></span></p>
	7973
[354]	7974
	7975
[108]	7976
[354]	7977
	7978
[108]	7979	<p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a>
	7980	and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p>
	7981
	7982
[354]	7983
	7984
[108]	7985	</td>
	7986
	7987
[354]	7988
	7989
[108]	7990	</tr>
	7991
	7992
	7993
[354]	7994
	7995
[108]	7996	<tr>
	7997
	7998
[354]	7999
	8000
[108]	8001	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8002
	8003
[354]	8004
	8005
[108]	8006	<p><a name="dt_run_control"></a><b>dt_run_control</b></p>
	8007
	8008
	8009
[354]	8010
	8011
[108]	8012	</td>
	8013
	8014
[354]	8015
	8016
[108]	8017	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	8018
	8019
	8020
[354]	8021
	8022
[108]	8023	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>60.0</i></td>
	8024
	8025
	8026
[354]	8027
	8028
[108]	8029	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8030
	8031
[354]	8032
	8033
[108]	8034	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	8035	interval</font> at which run control
	8036	output is to be made (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).
[108]	8037	</font> </p>
	8038
	8039
[354]	8040
	8041
[108]	8042
	8043
	8044
[354]	8045
	8046
[108]	8047	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Run control
[48]	8048	information is output to the local ASCII-file </font></span><a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">RUN_CONTROL</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">. At each
	8049	output time, one line
[5]	8050	with information about the size of the time step, maximum speeds, total
	8051	kinetic energy etc. is written to this file. Reference time is the
	8052	beginning of the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <b>dt_run_control</b>,
[48]	8053	2<b>dt_run_control</b>, 3<b>dt_run_control</b>,
	8054	etc., and always at
[5]	8055	the beginning of a model run (thus at the time t = 0 or at the
	8056	respective starting times of restart runs). The actual output times can
	8057	deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).<br>
[108]	8058
	8059
	8060
[354]	8061
	8062
[108]	8063	</font></span></p>
	8064
	8065
[354]	8066
	8067
[108]	8068
	8069
	8070
[354]	8071
	8072
[108]	8073	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Run control
[5]	8074	information is output after each time step can be achieved via <b>dt_run_control</b>
[108]	8075	= <i>0.0</i>.</font></span> </p>
	8076
	8077
[354]	8078
	8079
[108]	8080	</td>
	8081
	8082
	8083
[354]	8084
	8085
[108]	8086	</tr>
	8087
	8088
[354]	8089
	8090
[108]	8091	<tr>
	8092
	8093
[354]	8094
	8095
[108]	8096	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8097
	8098
[354]	8099
	8100
[108]	8101	<p><a name="end_time"></a><b>end_time</b></p>
	8102
	8103
	8104
[354]	8105
	8106
[108]	8107	</td>
	8108
	8109
[354]	8110
	8111
[108]	8112	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	8113
	8114
	8115
[354]	8116
	8117
[108]	8118	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
	8119
	8120
	8121
[354]	8122
	8123
[108]	8124	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8125
	8126
[354]	8127
	8128
[108]	8129	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Simulation time of the 3D
[48]	8130	model (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).
[108]	8131	</font> </p>
	8132
	8133
[354]	8134
	8135
[108]	8136
	8137
	8138
[354]	8139
	8140
[108]	8141	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">The simulation time
[5]	8142	is starting from the beginning of the initialization run (t = 0), not
[108]	8143	starting from the beginning of the respective restart run.</font></span></p>
	8144
[354]	8145
	8146
[108]	8147
[354]	8148
	8149
[108]	8150	<p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a>
	8151	and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p>
	8152
	8153
[354]	8154
	8155
[108]	8156	</td>
	8157
	8158
[354]	8159
	8160
[108]	8161	</tr>
	8162
	8163
[354]	8164
	8165
[108]	8166	<tr>
	8167
	8168
[354]	8169
	8170
[108]	8171	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8172
	8173
[354]	8174
	8175
[108]	8176	<p><a name="force_print_header"></a><b>force_print_header</b></p>
	8177
	8178
	8179
[354]	8180
	8181
[108]	8182	</td>
	8183
	8184
[354]	8185
	8186
[108]	8187	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
	8188
	8189
	8190
[354]	8191
	8192
[108]	8193	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
	8194
	8195
	8196
[354]	8197
	8198
[108]	8199	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8200
	8201
[354]	8202
	8203
[108]	8204	<p>Steering of
[48]	8205	header output to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>.
[108]	8206	</p>
	8207
	8208
[354]	8209
	8210
[108]	8211
	8212
	8213
[354]	8214
	8215
[108]	8216	<p>By default, informations about the model
[48]	8217	parameters in use are
[5]	8218	output to the beginning of file RUN_CONTROL for initial runs only
	8219	(these informations are identical to that which are output to the local
	8220	file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#HEADER">HEADER</a>).
[48]	8221	With <b>force_print_header</b> = <i>.T.</i>,
	8222	these informations are
[5]	8223	also output to <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>
[108]	8224	at restart runs.</p>
	8225
	8226
[354]	8227
	8228
[108]	8229	</td>
	8230
	8231
[354]	8232
	8233
[108]	8234	</tr>
	8235
	8236
[354]	8237
	8238
[108]	8239	<tr>
	8240
	8241
[354]	8242
	8243
[108]	8244	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8245
	8246
[354]	8247
	8248
[108]	8249	<p><a name="mg_cycles"></a><b>mg_cycles</b></p>
	8250
	8251
	8252
[354]	8253
	8254
[108]	8255	</td>
	8256
	8257
[354]	8258
	8259
[108]	8260	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	8261
	8262
	8263
[354]	8264
	8265
[108]	8266	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>-1</i></td>
	8267
	8268
	8269
[354]	8270
	8271
[108]	8272	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8273
	8274
[354]	8275
	8276
[108]	8277	<p>Number of
	8278	cycles to be used with the multi-grid scheme.<br>
	8279
	8280
[354]	8281
	8282
[108]	8283	<br>
	8284
	8285
	8286
[354]	8287
	8288
[5]	8289	This parameter determines the number of cycles to be carried out in the
	8290	multi-grid method used for solving the Poisson equation for
	8291	perturbation pressure (see <a href="#psolver">psolver</a>).
	8292	The type of the cycles can be set with <a href="#cycle_mg">cycle_mg</a>.<br>
[108]	8293
	8294
	8295
[354]	8296
	8297
[108]	8298	</p>
	8299
	8300
[354]	8301
	8302
[108]	8303	<br>
	8304
	8305
[354]	8306
	8307
[108]	8308	By default (<b>mg_cyles</b> = <i>-
[61]	8309	1</i>), the
[48]	8310	number of cycles
[5]	8311	depends on the requested accuracy of the scheme (see <a href="#residual_limit">residual_limit</a>)
	8312	and may vary from time step to time step. In this case, the CPU time
	8313	for a run will be difficult to estimate, since it heavily depends on
[108]	8314	the total number of the cycles to be carried out.<br>
	8315
	8316
[354]	8317
	8318
[108]	8319	<br>
	8320
	8321
	8322
[354]	8323
	8324
[48]	8325	By assigning <b>mg_cycles</b> a value (>=<span style="font-style: italic;">1</span>), the number of
	8326	cycles can be
[108]	8327	fixed so that the CPU time can be clearly estimated. <br>
	8328
	8329
[354]	8330
	8331
[108]	8332	<br>
	8333
	8334
	8335
[354]	8336
	8337
[108]	8338	<b>Note:</b> When using a fixed number of cycles, the user
[48]	8339	must
[5]	8340	examine the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>
	8341	regularly to check whether the divergence of the velocity field is
	8342	sufficiently reduced by the pressure solver. It should be reduced at
	8343	least by two orders of magnitude. For cyclic boundary conditions along
	8344	both horizontal directions (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
[48]	8345	and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>) <span style="font-weight: bold;">mg_cycles</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">2</span> is typically a
	8346	good choice, for
[5]	8347	non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions <span style="font-weight: bold;">mg_cycles</span>
[48]	8348	= <span style="font-style: italic;">4</span> may be
[108]	8349	sufficient.</td>
	8350
	8351
[354]	8352
	8353
[108]	8354	</tr>
	8355
	8356
[354]	8357
	8358
[108]	8359	<tr>
	8360
	8361
[354]	8362
	8363
[108]	8364	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="mg_switch_to_pe0_level"></a><b>mg_switch_to_pe0_<br>
	8365
	8366
	8367
[354]	8368
	8369
[108]	8370	level</b></td>
	8371
	8372
[354]	8373
	8374
[108]	8375	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	8376
	8377
	8378
[354]	8379
	8380
[108]	8381	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	8382
	8383
[354]	8384
	8385
[108]	8386	</td>
	8387
	8388
[354]	8389
	8390
[108]	8391	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Grid
	8392	level at which data shall be gathered on PE0.<br>
	8393
	8394
[354]	8395
	8396
[108]	8397	<br>
	8398
	8399
	8400
[354]	8401
	8402
[5]	8403	In case of a run using several PEs and the multigrid method for solving
	8404	the Poisson equation for perturbation pressure (see <a href="#psolver">psolver</a>),
	8405	the value of this parameter defines on which grid level the data are
	8406	gathered on PE0 in order to allow for a further coarsening of the grid.
	8407	The finest grid defines the largest grid level. By default, the
	8408	gathering level is determined automatically and displayed in file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>.
	8409	It is only possible to gather data from a level larger than the one
	8410	determined automatically. A test run may be neccessary to determine
[354]	8411	this level.<br>
[108]	8412
[354]	8413	<br>
[108]	8414
[354]	8415	Setting of <span style="font-weight: bold;">mg_switch_to_pe0_level</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span> prevents that data are collected on PE0 at all, i.e. coarsening of grids is limited by the subdomains.</td>
	8416
	8417
	8418
	8419
[108]	8420	</tr>
	8421
	8422
[354]	8423
	8424
[108]	8425	<tr>
[493]	8426	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="netcdf_data_format"></a>netcdf_data_format</span><br>
[108]	8427	</td>
[493]	8428	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I<br>
	8429	</td>
	8430	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">2</span><br>
	8431	</td>
	8432	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Data format for NetCDF files.<br>
[108]	8433	<br>
[493]	8434	This variable defines the format of the NetCDF files. Following values are allowed:<br>
[108]	8435	<br>
[493]	8436	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	8437	<tbody>
	8438	<tr>
	8439	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1</span><br>
	8440	</td>
	8441	<td style="vertical-align: top;">NetCDF classic format (filesize limited to 2GB)<br>
	8442	</td>
	8443	</tr>
	8444	<tr>
	8445	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">2</span><br>
	8446	</td>
	8447	<td style="vertical-align: top;">NetCDF 64-bit-offset format (large file support, but single variable still limited to 2GB)<br>
	8448	</td>
	8449	</tr>
	8450	<tr>
	8451	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">3</span><br>
	8452	</td>
	8453	<td style="vertical-align: top;">NetCDF-4 (HDF5) format (files can be as large as file system supports; unlimited variable size; allows parallel I/O)<br>
	8454	</td>
	8455	</tr>
	8456	<tr>
	8457	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">4</span><br>
	8458	</td>
	8459	<td style="vertical-align: top;">NetCDF-4 format, but with NF90_CLASSIC_MODEL bit set (some new features of NetCDF4 are not available)<br>
	8460	</td>
	8461	</tr>
	8462	</tbody>
	8463	</table>
[108]	8464	<br>
[493]	8465	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Important:</span><br>
	8466	Setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_data_format </span>> <span style="font-style: italic;">2 </span>requires a NetCDF4 library (set <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">-I</span>, <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">-L</span>, and<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> -l </span>options for compiling and linking appropriately in configuration file). Also, preprocessor switch <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">__netcdf4 </span>has to be set (see line starting with <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">%cpp_opts </span>in the configuration file).<br>
	8467	<br>
	8468	Files with NetCDF4 format cannot be read with NetCDF3 libraries.<br>
[108]	8469	</td>
[493]	8470	</tr>
[108]	8471
	8472
[354]	8473
	8474
[108]	8475
[493]	8476
[108]	8477
[354]	8478
	8479
[108]	8480
	8481	<tr>
	8482
	8483
	8484
[354]	8485
	8486
[108]	8487	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8488
	8489
[354]	8490
	8491
[108]	8492	<p><a name="ngsrb"></a><b>ngsrb</b></p>
	8493
	8494
[354]	8495
	8496
[108]	8497	</td>
	8498
	8499
	8500
[354]	8501
	8502
[108]	8503	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	8504
	8505
[354]	8506
	8507
[108]	8508	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>2</i></td>
	8509
	8510
	8511
[354]	8512
	8513
[108]	8514	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Grid
	8515	level at which data shall be gathered on PE0.<br>
	8516
	8517
[354]	8518
	8519
[108]	8520	<br>
	8521
	8522
	8523
[354]	8524
	8525
[5]	8526	In case of a run using several PEs and the multigrid method for solving
	8527	the Poisson equation for perturbation pressure (see <a href="#psolver">psolver</a>),
	8528	the value of this parameter defines on which grid level the data are
	8529	gathered on PE0 in order to allow for a further coarsening of the grid.
	8530	The finest grid defines the largest grid level. By default, the
	8531	gathering level is determined automatically and displayed in file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>.
	8532	It is only possible to gather data from a level larger than the one
	8533	determined automatically. A test run may be neccessary to determine
[108]	8534	this level.</td>
	8535
	8536
[354]	8537
	8538
[108]	8539	</tr>
	8540
	8541
[354]	8542
	8543
[108]	8544	<tr>
	8545
	8546
[354]	8547
	8548
[108]	8549	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8550
	8551
[354]	8552
	8553
[108]	8554	<p><a name="normalizing_region"></a><b>normalizing_region</b></p>
	8555
	8556
	8557
[354]	8558
	8559
[108]	8560	</td>
	8561
	8562
[354]	8563
	8564
[108]	8565	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	8566
	8567
	8568
[354]	8569
	8570
[108]	8571	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0</span><br>
	8572
	8573
[354]	8574
	8575
[108]	8576	</td>
	8577
	8578
	8579
[354]	8580
	8581
[108]	8582	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8583
	8584
[354]	8585
	8586
[108]	8587	<p>Determines the
[48]	8588	subdomain from which the normalization
[108]	8589	quantities are calculated.  </p>
	8590
	8591
[354]	8592
	8593
[108]	8594
	8595
	8596
[354]	8597
	8598
[108]	8599	<p>If output
[48]	8600	data of the horizontally averaged vertical profiles
[5]	8601	(see <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
	8602	is to be normalized (see <a href="#cross_normalized_x">cross_normalized_x</a>,
[108]	8603	<a href="#cross_normalized_y">cross_normalized_y</a>),
[5]	8604	the respective normalization quantities are by default calculated from
	8605	the averaged data of the total model domain (<b>normalizing_region</b>
[48]	8606	= <i>0</i>) and are thus representative for the total
	8607	domain. Instead
[5]	8608	of that, normalization quantities can also be calculated for a
[48]	8609	subdomain. The wanted subdomain can be given with the parameter <span style="font-weight: bold;">normalizing_region</span>,
	8610	where <i>1</i>
	8611	<= <b>normalizing_region</b> <= <i>9 </i>must
	8612	hold. These
[5]	8613	quantities are then used for normalizing of all profiles (even for that
[108]	8614	of the total domain).</p>
	8615
	8616
[354]	8617
	8618
[108]	8619	</td>
	8620
	8621
[354]	8622
	8623
[108]	8624	</tr>
	8625
	8626
[354]	8627
	8628
	8629	<tr>
	8630
	8631	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="npex"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="npex"></a>npex</span></td>
	8632
	8633	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	8634
[493]	8635	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	8636	</td>
[354]	8637
	8638	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8639
	8640	<p>Number of processors
[197]	8641	along x-direction of the virtual
	8642	processor
	8643	net.  </p>
[108]	8644
	8645
[197]	8646
	8647
	8648
	8649
[354]	8650
	8651
[197]	8652
	8653
	8654
	8655
	8656
	8657
	8658
[354]	8659
	8660
[197]	8661	<p>For parallel runs, the total
	8662	number of processors to be used
	8663	is given by
	8664	the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>
	8665	option <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/software/mrun_beschreibung.html#Opt-X">-X</a>.
	8666	By default, depending on the type of the parallel computer, PALM
	8667	generates a 1d processor
	8668	net (domain decomposition along x, <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span>
	8669	= <span style="font-style: italic;">1</span>) or a
	8670	2d-net (this is
	8671	favored on machines with fast communication network and/or large number of processors (>256)). In case of a
	8672	2d-net, it is tried to make it more or less square-shaped. If, for
	8673	example, 16 processors are assigned (-X 16), a 4 * 4 processor net is
	8674	generated (<span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span>
	8675	= <span style="font-style: italic;">4</span>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span>
	8676	= <span style="font-style: italic;">4</span>).
	8677	This choice is optimal for square total domains (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#nx">nx</a>
	8678	= <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ny">ny</a>),
	8679	since then the number of ghost points at the lateral boundarys of
	8680	the subdomains reaches a minimum. If <span style="font-weight: bold;">nx</span>
	8681	and <span style="font-weight: bold;">ny</span>
	8682	differ extremely, the
	8683	processor net should be manually adjusted using adequate values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span>.  </p>
	8684
	8685
	8686
	8687
	8688
	8689
	8690
[354]	8691
	8692
[197]	8693
	8694
	8695
	8696
	8697
	8698
[354]	8699
	8700
[197]	8701	<p><b>Important:</b> The value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span> * <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span> must exactly match the
	8702	value assigned by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-option
	8703	<tt>-X</tt>.
	8704	Otherwise the model run will abort with a corresponding error
	8705	message.  <br>
	8706
	8707
	8708
	8709
	8710
	8711
	8712
[354]	8713
	8714
[197]	8715	Additionally, the specification of <span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span>
	8716	and <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span>
	8717	may of course
	8718	override the default setting for the domain decomposition (1d or 2d)
	8719	which may have a significant (negative) effect on the code performance.
[354]	8720	</p>
	8721
	8722	</td>
	8723
	8724	</tr>
	8725
	8726	<tr>
	8727
	8728	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="npey"></a>npey</span></td>
	8729
	8730	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	8731
[493]	8732	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	8733	</td>
[354]	8734
	8735	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8736
	8737	<p>Number of processors
[197]	8738	along y-direction of the virtual
	8739	processor
	8740	net.  </p>
	8741
	8742
	8743
	8744
	8745
	8746
[354]	8747
	8748
[197]	8749
	8750
	8751
	8752
	8753
	8754
	8755
[354]	8756
	8757
	8758	<p>For further information see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#npex">npex</a>.</p>
[197]	8759
[354]	8760	</td>
[197]	8761
[354]	8762	</tr>
	8763
	8764	<tr>
	8765
	8766
	8767
	8768
[108]	8769	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8770
	8771
[354]	8772
	8773
[108]	8774	<p><a name="nsor"></a><b>nsor</b></p>
	8775
	8776
	8777
[354]	8778
	8779
[108]	8780	</td>
	8781
	8782
[354]	8783
	8784
[108]	8785	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	8786
	8787
	8788
[354]	8789
	8790
[108]	8791	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>20</i></td>
	8792
	8793
	8794
[354]	8795
	8796
[108]	8797	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8798
	8799
[354]	8800
	8801
[108]	8802	<p>Number of
	8803	iterations to be used with the SOR-scheme.  </p>
	8804
	8805
[354]	8806
	8807
[108]	8808
	8809
	8810
[354]	8811
	8812
[108]	8813	<p>This
[48]	8814	parameter is only effective if the SOR-scheme is selected
[5]	8815	as pressure solver (<a href="#psolver">psolver</a>
[48]	8816	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'sor'</span>).
	8817	The number of
[5]	8818	iterations necessary for a sufficient convergence of the scheme depends
	8819	on the grid point numbers and is to be determined by appropriate test
	8820	runs (the default value will not at all be sufficient for larger grid
	8821	point numbers). The number of iterations used for the first call of the
	8822	SOR-scheme (t = 0) is determined via the parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nsor_ini">nsor_ini</a>.</p>
[108]	8823
	8824
	8825
[354]	8826
	8827
[108]	8828	</td>
	8829
	8830
[354]	8831
	8832
[108]	8833	</tr>
	8834
	8835
[354]	8836
	8837
[108]	8838	<tr>
	8839
	8840
[354]	8841
	8842
[108]	8843	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8844
	8845
[354]	8846
	8847
[108]	8848	<p><a name="nz_do3d"></a><b>nz_do3d</b></p>
	8849
	8850
	8851
[354]	8852
	8853
[108]	8854	</td>
	8855
	8856
[354]	8857
	8858
[108]	8859	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	8860
	8861
	8862
[354]	8863
	8864
[108]	8865	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>nz+1</i></td>
	8866
	8867
	8868
[354]	8869
	8870
[108]	8871	<td style="vertical-align: top;"> Limits the output of 3d
	8872	volume data along the vertical direction (grid point index k).<br>
	8873
	8874
[354]	8875
	8876
[108]	8877	<br>
	8878
	8879
[354]	8880
	8881
[108]	8882	By
[48]	8883	default, data for all grid points along z are output. The parameter <span style="font-weight: bold;">nz_do3d</span>
[5]	8884	can be used to limit the output up to a certain vertical grid point
	8885	(e.g. in order to reduce the amount of output data). It affects all
[48]	8886	output of volume data ("normal" output to file, see <a href="#data_output">data_output</a>, as well as output
	8887	for <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>-software,
	8888	see <a href="#mode_dvrp">mode_dvrp</a>).</td>
[108]	8889
	8890
	8891
[354]	8892
	8893
[108]	8894	</tr>
	8895
	8896
[354]	8897
	8898
[108]	8899	<tr>
	8900
	8901
[354]	8902
	8903
[108]	8904	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8905
	8906
[354]	8907
	8908
[108]	8909	<p><a name="omega_sor"></a><b>omega_sor</b></p>
	8910
	8911
	8912
[354]	8913
	8914
[108]	8915	</td>
	8916
	8917
[354]	8918
	8919
[108]	8920	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	8921
	8922
	8923
[354]	8924
	8925
[108]	8926	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.8</i></td>
	8927
	8928
	8929
[354]	8930
	8931
[108]	8932	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8933
	8934
[354]	8935
	8936
[108]	8937	<p>Convergence
	8938	factor to be used with the the SOR-scheme.  </p>
	8939
	8940
[354]	8941
	8942
[108]	8943
	8944
	8945
[354]	8946
	8947
[108]	8948	<p>If
[48]	8949	the SOR-scheme is selected (<a href="#psolver">psolver</a>
	8950	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'sor'</span>),
	8951	this parameter
	8952	determines the value of the convergence factor, where <i>1.0</i>
	8953	<= <b>omega_sor</b> < <i>2.0 </i>.
	8954	The optimum value of <b>omega_sor</b>
[5]	8955	depends on the number of grid points along the different directions in
	8956	space. For non-equidistant grids it can only be determined by
[108]	8957	appropriate test runs.</p>
	8958
	8959
[354]	8960
	8961
[108]	8962	</td>
	8963
	8964
[354]	8965
	8966
[108]	8967	</tr>
	8968
	8969
[354]	8970
	8971
[108]	8972	<tr>
	8973
	8974
[354]	8975
	8976
[108]	8977	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8978
	8979
[354]	8980
	8981
[108]	8982	<p><a name="prandtl_number"></a><b>prandtl_number</b></p>
	8983
	8984
	8985
[354]	8986
	8987
[108]	8988	</td>
	8989
	8990
[354]	8991
	8992
[108]	8993	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	8994
	8995
	8996
[354]	8997
	8998
[108]	8999	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.0</i></td>
	9000
	9001
	9002
[354]	9003
	9004
[108]	9005	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9006
	9007
[354]	9008
	9009
[108]	9010	<p>Ratio of the
[48]	9011	eddy diffusivities for momentum and heat (K<sub>m</sub>/K<sub>h</sub>).
[108]	9012	</p>
	9013
	9014
[354]	9015
	9016
[108]	9017
	9018
	9019
[354]	9020
	9021
[108]	9022	<p>For runs with constant eddy diffusivity (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#km_constant">km_constant</a>),
[5]	9023	this parameter can be used to assign the Prandtl number (ratio K<sub>m</sub>
[108]	9024	/ K<sub>h</sub>).</p>
	9025
	9026
[354]	9027
	9028
[108]	9029	</td>
	9030
	9031
[354]	9032
	9033
[108]	9034	</tr>
	9035
	9036
[354]	9037
	9038
[108]	9039	<tr>
	9040
	9041
[354]	9042
	9043
[108]	9044	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="precipitation_amount_interval"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">precipitation_amount_</span><br style="font-weight: bold;">
	9045
	9046
[354]	9047
	9048
[108]	9049	<span style="font-weight: bold;">interval</span></td>
	9050
	9051
[354]	9052
	9053
[108]	9054	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	9055
	9056
[354]	9057
	9058
[108]	9059	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
	9060	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_xy">dt_do2d_<br>
	9061
	9062
[354]	9063
	9064
[108]	9065	xy</a></i></td>
	9066
	9067
[354]	9068
	9069
[108]	9070	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9071
	9072
[354]	9073
	9074
[108]	9075	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[72]	9076	interval</font> for which the precipitation amount (in mm) shall be calculated and output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).
[108]	9077	</font> </p>
	9078
	9079
[354]	9080
	9081
[108]	9082
	9083
	9084
[354]	9085
	9086
[108]	9087	<p><span lang="en-GB"></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#section_xy"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">This
[72]	9088	parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#precipitation">precipitation</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>The interval must be smaller or equal than the output interval for 2d horizontal cross sections given by </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_xy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_do2d_xy</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">). The output of the precipitation amount also requires setting of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a> =<span style="font-style: italic;"> 'pra*'</span>.<br>
[108]	9089
	9090
	9091
[354]	9092
	9093
[108]	9094	</font></span></p>
	9095
	9096
[354]	9097
	9098
[108]	9099	<span lang="en-GB"></span></td>
	9100
	9101
[354]	9102
	9103
[108]	9104	</tr>
	9105
	9106
[354]	9107
	9108
[108]	9109	<tr>
	9110
	9111
	9112
[354]	9113
	9114
[108]	9115	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9116
	9117
[354]	9118
	9119
[108]	9120	<p><a name="profile_columns"></a><b>profile_columns</b></p>
	9121
	9122
	9123
[354]	9124
	9125
[108]	9126	</td>
	9127
	9128
[354]	9129
	9130
[108]	9131	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	9132
	9133
	9134
[354]	9135
	9136
[108]	9137	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>3</i></td>
	9138
	9139
	9140
[354]	9141
	9142
[108]	9143	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9144
	9145
[354]	9146
	9147
[108]	9148	<p>Number of
[48]	9149	coordinate systems to be plotted<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>
	9150	in one row by <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
[108]	9151	</p>
	9152
	9153
[354]	9154
	9155
[108]	9156
	9157
	9158
[354]	9159
	9160
[108]	9161	<p>This parameter only applies for  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
	9162	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	9163
	9164
[354]	9165
	9166
[108]	9167
	9168
[354]	9169
	9170
[108]	9171	<p>It
[48]	9172	determines the layout of plots of
[5]	9173	horizontally averaged profiles (<a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
	9174	when plotted with the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
	9175	Generally, the number and sequence of coordinate systems (panels) to be
	9176	plotted on one page are
[48]	9177	determined by <a href="#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a>.
[108]	9178	<b>profile_columns</b>
[5]	9179	determines how many panels are to be
	9180	arranged next to each other in one row (number of columns). The
	9181	respective number of rows on a page is assigned by <a href="#profile_rows">profile_rows</a>.
	9182	According to their order given by <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>,
	9183	the panels are arranged beginning in the top row from left to right and
[48]	9184	then continued in the following row. If the number of panels cranz
	9185	> <b>profile_columns</b> * <b>profile_rows</b>,
	9186	the remaining
[5]	9187	panels are drawn on an additional page. If cranz < <b>profile_columns</b>,
[48]	9188	then <b>profile_columns</b> = cranz is automatically set.
	9189	If
[5]	9190	row  contains any panel, then the value of <b>profile_rows</b>
[108]	9191	is reduced automatically.</p>
	9192
	9193
[354]	9194
	9195
[108]	9196	</td>
	9197
	9198
[354]	9199
	9200
[108]	9201	</tr>
	9202
	9203
[354]	9204
	9205
[108]	9206	<tr>
	9207
	9208
	9209
[354]	9210
	9211
[108]	9212	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9213
	9214
[354]	9215
	9216
[108]	9217	<p><a name="profile_rows"></a><b>profile_rows</b></p>
	9218
	9219
	9220
[354]	9221
	9222
[108]	9223	</td>
	9224
	9225
[354]	9226
	9227
[108]	9228	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	9229
	9230
	9231
[354]	9232
	9233
[108]	9234	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>2</i></td>
	9235
	9236
	9237
[354]	9238
	9239
[108]	9240	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9241
	9242
[354]	9243
	9244
[108]	9245	<p>Number of rows
[48]	9246	of coordinate systems to be plotted on one page
	9247	by <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
[108]	9248	</p>
	9249
	9250
[354]	9251
	9252
[108]	9253
	9254
	9255
[354]	9256
	9257
[108]	9258	<p>This parameter only applies for  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
	9259	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	9260
	9261
[354]	9262
	9263
[108]	9264
	9265
[354]	9266
	9267
[108]	9268	<p>It
[48]	9269	determines the layout of plots of horizontally averaged
[5]	9270	profiles. See <a href="#profile_columns">profile_columns</a>.</p>
[108]	9271
	9272
	9273
[354]	9274
	9275
[108]	9276	</td>
	9277
	9278
[354]	9279
	9280
[108]	9281	</tr>
	9282
	9283
[354]	9284
	9285
[108]	9286	<tr>
	9287
	9288
[354]	9289
	9290
[108]	9291	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9292
	9293
[354]	9294
	9295
[108]	9296	<p><a name="psolver"></a><b>psolver</b></p>
	9297
	9298
	9299
[354]	9300
	9301
[108]	9302	</td>
	9303
	9304
[354]	9305
	9306
[108]	9307	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10</td>
	9308
	9309
	9310
[354]	9311
	9312
[108]	9313	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'poisfft'</i></td>
	9314
	9315
	9316
[354]	9317
	9318
[108]	9319	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9320
	9321
[354]	9322
	9323
[108]	9324	<p>Scheme to be
[48]	9325	used to solve the Poisson equation for the
[108]	9326	perturbation pressure.  </p>
	9327
	9328
[354]	9329
	9330
[108]	9331	<br>
	9332
	9333
	9334
[354]	9335
	9336
[108]	9337	The user can choose between the following schemes:<br>
	9338
	9339
[354]	9340
	9341
[108]	9342
	9343
	9344
[354]	9345
	9346
[108]	9347	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	9348
	9349
[354]	9350
	9351
[108]	9352	<tbody>
	9353
	9354
[354]	9355
	9356
[108]	9357	<tr>
	9358
	9359
[354]	9360
	9361
[108]	9362	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>poisfft</i></td>
	9363
	9364
	9365
[354]	9366
	9367
[108]	9368	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Direct method using FFT
[5]	9369	along x and y, solution of a
	9370	tridiagonal matrix along z, and backward
	9371	FFT (see Siano, institute reports, volume 54). The FFT routines to be
	9372	used can be determined via the initialization parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#fft_method">fft_method</a>.<br>
[108]	9373
	9374
	9375
[354]	9376
	9377
[5]	9378	This solver is specially optimized for 1d domain decompositions.
	9379	Vectorization is optimized for domain decompositions along x only.</td>
[108]	9380
	9381
	9382
[354]	9383
	9384
[108]	9385	</tr>
	9386
	9387
[354]	9388
	9389
[108]	9390	<tr>
	9391
	9392
[354]	9393
	9394
[108]	9395	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9396
	9397
[354]	9398
	9399
[108]	9400	<p><i>poisfft_</i>
	9401	<br>
	9402
	9403
[354]	9404
	9405
[108]	9406	<i>hybrid</i></p>
	9407
	9408
	9409
[354]	9410
	9411
[108]	9412	</td>
	9413
	9414
[354]	9415
	9416
[108]	9417	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Direct
[48]	9418	method using FFT
[5]	9419	along x and y, solution of a
	9420	tridiagonal matrix along z, and backward
	9421	FFT (see Siano, institute reports, volume 54). The FFT routines to be
	9422	used can be determined via the initialization parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#fft_method">fft_method</a>.<br>
[108]	9423
	9424
	9425
[354]	9426
	9427
[5]	9428	This solver is specially optimized for 1d domain decompositions.
	9429	Vectorization is optimized for domain decompositions along x only.</td>
[108]	9430
	9431
	9432
[354]	9433
	9434
[108]	9435	</tr>
	9436
	9437
[354]	9438
	9439
[108]	9440	<tr>
	9441
	9442
[354]	9443
	9444
[108]	9445	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>multigrid</i></td>
	9446
	9447
	9448
[354]	9449
	9450
[108]	9451	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9452
	9453
[354]	9454
	9455
[108]	9456	<p>Multi-grid
[48]	9457	scheme (see Uhlenbrock, diploma thesis). v-
[5]	9458	and
	9459	w-cycles (see <a href="#cycle_mg">cycle_mg</a>)
	9460	are implemented. The convergence of the iterative scheme can be
	9461	steered by the number of v-/w-cycles to be carried out for each call of
	9462	the scheme (<a href="#mg_cycles">mg_cycles</a>)
	9463	and by the number of Gauss-Seidel iterations (see <a href="#ngsrb">ngsrb</a>)
	9464	to be carried out on each grid level. Instead the requested accuracy
[48]	9465	can be given via <a href="#residual_limit">residual_limit</a>.
[108]	9466	<span style="font-weight: bold;">This is the default!</span>
[5]	9467	The
	9468	smaller this limit is, the more cycles have to be carried out in this
	9469	case and the number of cycles may vary from timestep to timestep.</p>
[108]	9470
	9471
	9472
[354]	9473
	9474
[108]	9475	<br>
	9476
	9477
[354]	9478
	9479
[108]	9480	If <a href="#mg_cycles">mg_cycles</a>
[5]	9481	is set to its optimal value, the computing time of the
[48]	9482	multi-grid scheme amounts approximately to that of the direct solver <span style="font-style: italic;">poisfft</span>, as long as
	9483	the number of
[5]	9484	grid points in the three directions
	9485	of space corresponds to a power-of-two (2<sup>n</sup>)
[48]	9486	where <i>n</i> >= 5 must hold. With large <i>n,
[108]	9487	</i>the
[5]	9488	multi-grid scheme can even be faster than the direct solver (although
	9489	its accuracy is several orders of magnitude worse, but this does not
	9490	affect the accuracy of the simulation). Nevertheless, the user should
	9491	always carry out some test runs in order to find out the optimum value
	9492	for <a href="#mg_cycles">mg_cycles</a>,
	9493	because the CPU time of a run very critically depends on this
[108]	9494	parameter.
	9495
	9496
[354]	9497
	9498
[108]	9499	<p>This scheme requires that the number of grid
[48]	9500	points of
[5]	9501	the
	9502	subdomains (or of the total domain, if only one PE is uesd) along each
	9503	of the directions can at least be devided once by 2 without rest.</p>
[108]	9504
	9505
	9506
[354]	9507
	9508
[5]	9509	With parallel runs, starting from a certain grid level the
	9510	data of the subdomains are possibly gathered on PE0 in order to allow
	9511	for a further coarsening of the grid. The grid level for gathering can
	9512	be manually set by <a href="#mg_switch_to_pe0_level">mg_switch_to_pe0_level</a>.<br>
[108]	9513
	9514
	9515
[354]	9516
	9517
[108]	9518
	9519
[354]	9520
	9521
[108]	9522	<p>Using this procedure requires the subdomains to be of
[5]	9523	identical size (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#grid_matching">grid_matching</a>).</p>
[108]	9524
	9525
	9526
[354]	9527
	9528
[108]	9529	</td>
	9530
	9531
[354]	9532
	9533
[108]	9534	</tr>
	9535
	9536
[354]	9537
	9538
[108]	9539	<tr>
	9540
	9541
[354]	9542
	9543
[108]	9544	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>sor</i></td>
	9545
	9546
	9547
[354]	9548
	9549
[108]	9550	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Successive over
[48]	9551	relaxation
[5]	9552	method (SOR). The convergence of
	9553	this
	9554	iterative scheme is steered with the parameters <a href="#omega_sor">omega_sor</a>,
[108]	9555	<a href="chapter_4.1.html#nsor_ini">nsor_ini</a>
[48]	9556	and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nsor">nsor</a>.
[108]	9557	<br>
	9558
	9559
[354]	9560
	9561
[108]	9562	Compared to the direct method and the multi-grid method, this
[48]	9563	scheme
[5]	9564	needs substantially
	9565	more computing time. It should only be used for test runs, e.g. if
[108]	9566	errors in the other pressure solver methods are assumed.</td>
	9567
	9568
[354]	9569
	9570
[108]	9571	</tr>
	9572
	9573
	9574
[354]	9575
	9576
[108]	9577
	9578
[354]	9579
	9580
[108]	9581	</tbody>
	9582
	9583
[354]	9584
	9585
[108]	9586	</table>
	9587
	9588
[354]	9589
	9590
[108]	9591	<br>
	9592
	9593
[354]	9594
	9595
[108]	9596	In order to speed-up
[61]	9597	performance, the Poisson equation is by default
[5]	9598	only solved at the last substep of a multistep Runge-Kutta scheme (see <a href="#call_psolver_at_all_substeps">call_psolver
	9599	at_all_substeps</a> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>).
[108]	9600	</td>
	9601
	9602
[354]	9603
	9604
[108]	9605	</tr>
	9606
	9607
[354]	9608
	9609
[108]	9610	<tr>
	9611
	9612
[354]	9613
	9614
[108]	9615	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9616
	9617
[354]	9618
	9619
[108]	9620	<p><a name="rayleigh_damping_factor"></a><b>rayleigh_damping</b>
	9621	<br>
	9622
	9623
[354]	9624
	9625
[108]	9626	<b>_factor</b></p>
	9627
	9628
[354]	9629
	9630
[108]	9631	</td>
	9632
	9633
[354]	9634
	9635
[108]	9636	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	9637
	9638
[354]	9639
	9640
[108]	9641	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0 or</i><br>
	9642
	9643
	9644
[354]	9645
	9646
[108]	9647	<i>0.01</i></td>
	9648
	9649
[354]	9650
	9651
[108]	9652	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9653
	9654
[354]	9655
	9656
[108]	9657	<p>Factor for Rayleigh damping.  </p>
	9658
	9659
[354]	9660
	9661
[108]	9662
	9663
	9664
[354]	9665
	9666
[108]	9667	<p>A
[48]	9668	so-called Rayleigh damping is applied to all prognostic
[5]	9669	variables if a non-zero value is assigned to <b>rayleigh_damping_factor</b>.
	9670	If switched on, variables are forced towards the value of their
	9671	respective basic states (e.g. the geostrophic wind). The intensity of
	9672	damping is controlled by the value the <b>rayleigh_damping_factor</b>
	9673	is assigned to.
	9674	The damping starts weakly at a height defined by <a href="#rayleigh_damping_height">rayleigh_damping_height</a>
[48]	9675	and rises according to a sin<sup>2</sup>-function to its
	9676	maximum value
[5]	9677	at
[108]	9678	the top (ocean: bottom) boundary. </p>
	9679
	9680
[354]	9681
	9682
[108]	9683
	9684
	9685
[354]	9686
	9687
[108]	9688	<p>This method
[5]	9689	effectively damps gravity waves, caused by boundary layer convection,
	9690	which may spread out vertically in the inversion layer and which are
[108]	9691	reflected at the top (ocean: bottom)
[5]	9692	boundary. This particularly happens with the upstream-spline scheme
	9693	switched on (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a>
	9694	or <a href="chapter_4.1.html#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>).
	9695	Therefore, with this scheme the Rayleigh damping is switched on (<b>rayleigh_damping_factor</b>
[48]	9696	= <i>0.01</i>) by default. Otherwise it remains switched
[108]	9697	off.  </p>
	9698
	9699
[354]	9700
	9701
[108]	9702
	9703
	9704
[354]	9705
	9706
[108]	9707	<p>The Rayleigh damping factor must
[48]	9708	hold the condition <i>0.0</i>
[5]	9709	<= <b>rayleigh_damping_factor</b>
	9710	<= <i>1.0</i>. Large values (close to <span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span>) can cause
[108]	9711	numerical instabilities.</p>
	9712
	9713
[354]	9714
	9715
[108]	9716	</td>
	9717
	9718
[354]	9719
	9720
[108]	9721	</tr>
	9722
	9723
[354]	9724
	9725
[108]	9726	<tr>
	9727
	9728
	9729
[354]	9730
	9731
[108]	9732	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9733
	9734
[354]	9735
	9736
[108]	9737	<p><a name="rayleigh_damping_height"></a><b>rayleigh_damping</b>
	9738	<br>
	9739
	9740
[354]	9741
	9742
[108]	9743	<b>_height</b></p>
	9744
	9745
[354]	9746
	9747
[108]	9748	</td>
	9749
	9750
[354]	9751
	9752
[108]	9753	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	9754
	9755
[354]	9756
	9757
[108]	9758	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9759
	9760
[354]	9761
	9762
[108]	9763	<p><i>2/3 *</i>
	9764	<br>
	9765
	9766
[354]	9767
	9768
[108]	9769	<span style="font-style: italic;">zu</span><i style="font-style: italic;">(nz)</i></p>
[354]	9770
	9771
	9772
	9773
[108]	9774	<p> (ocean:<i style="font-style: italic;"> </i><i>2/3 *</i>
	9775	<i style="font-style: italic;"> zu(0)</i>)</p>
	9776
	9777
	9778
[354]	9779
	9780
[108]	9781	</td>
	9782
	9783
[354]	9784
	9785
[108]	9786	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9787
	9788
[354]	9789
	9790
[108]	9791	<p>Height above (ocean: below) which the Rayleigh damping starts (in m).  </p>
	9792
	9793
[354]	9794
	9795
[108]	9796
	9797
	9798
[354]	9799
	9800
[108]	9801	<p>With
[48]	9802	Rayleigh damping switched on (see <a href="#rayleigh_damping_factor">rayleigh_damping_factor</a>),
[5]	9803	this parameter determines the range where damping is applied. By
[108]	9804	default, Rayleigh damping will be applied in the upper (ocean: lower) third of the
[5]	9805	model
[108]	9806	domain.</p>
	9807
	9808
[354]	9809
	9810
[108]	9811	</td>
	9812
	9813
[354]	9814
	9815
[108]	9816	</tr>
	9817
	9818
[354]	9819
	9820
[108]	9821	<tr>
	9822
	9823
[354]	9824
	9825
[108]	9826	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9827
	9828
[354]	9829
	9830
[108]	9831	<p><a name="residual_limit"></a><b>residual_limit</b></p>
	9832
	9833
	9834
[354]	9835
	9836
[108]	9837	</td>
	9838
	9839
[354]	9840
	9841
[108]	9842	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	9843
	9844
	9845
[354]	9846
	9847
[108]	9848	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.0E-6</i></td>
	9849
	9850
	9851
[354]	9852
	9853
[108]	9854	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9855
	9856
[354]	9857
	9858
[108]	9859	<p>Largest
[48]	9860	residual permitted for the multi-grid scheme (in s<sup>-2</sup>m<sup>-3</sup>).
[108]	9861	</p>
	9862
	9863
[354]	9864
	9865
[108]	9866
	9867
	9868
[354]	9869
	9870
[108]	9871	<p>This is a parameter to steer the accuracy of the
[48]	9872	multi-grid
[5]	9873	scheme (see <a href="#psolver">psolver</a>).
	9874	The assigned cycle (v- or w-cycle, see <a href="#mg_cycles">mg_cycles</a>)
[48]	9875	is passed through until the residual falls below the limit given by <span style="font-weight: bold;">residual_limit</span>. If
	9876	this
[5]	9877	is not the case after 1000 cycles, the PALM aborts with a corresponding
[108]	9878	error message.</p>
	9879
	9880
[354]	9881
	9882
[108]	9883
	9884
	9885
[354]	9886
	9887
[108]	9888	<p>The reciprocal value of this
[48]	9889	parameter can be interpreted as
[5]	9890	a factor by the divergence of the provisional
	9891	velocity field is approximately reduced after the multi-grid scheme has
	9892	been applied (thus the default value causes a reduction of the
[108]	9893	divergence by approx. 6 orders of magnitude).  </p>
	9894
	9895
[354]	9896
	9897
[108]	9898	</td>
	9899
	9900
	9901
[354]	9902
	9903
[108]	9904	</tr>
	9905
	9906
[354]	9907
	9908
[108]	9909	<tr>
	9910
	9911
[354]	9912
	9913
[108]	9914	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9915
	9916
[354]	9917
	9918
[108]	9919	<p><a name="restart_time"></a><b>restart_time</b></p>
	9920
	9921
	9922
[354]	9923
	9924
[108]	9925	</td>
	9926
	9927
[354]	9928
	9929
[108]	9930	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	9931
	9932
	9933
[354]	9934
	9935
[108]	9936	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
	9937
	9938
	9939
[354]	9940
	9941
[108]	9942	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9943
	9944
[354]	9945
	9946
[108]	9947	<p>Simulated time
[48]	9948	after which a restart run is to be carried out
[108]	9949	(in s). </p>
	9950
	9951
[354]	9952
	9953
[108]	9954
	9955
	9956
[354]	9957
	9958
[108]	9959	<p>The simulated time refers to the
[48]	9960	beginning of the
[5]	9961	initial run (t = 0), not to the beginning of the respective
	9962	restart run. Restart runs can additionally be forced to be carried out
[108]	9963	in regular intervals using the run time parameter <a href="#dt_restart">dt_restart</a>. </p>
	9964
	9965
[354]	9966
	9967
[108]	9968
	9969
	9970
[354]	9971
	9972
[108]	9973	<p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
	9974
	9975
	9976
[354]	9977
	9978
[5]	9979	A successful operation of this parameter requires additional
	9980	modifications in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-call
	9981	for the respective run (see <a href="chapter_3.3.html">chapter
[108]	9982	3.3</a>).<br>
	9983
	9984
[354]	9985
	9986
[108]	9987	</p>
	9988
	9989
[354]	9990
	9991
[108]	9992
	9993
	9994
[354]	9995
	9996
[108]	9997	<p>The choice of <b>restart_time</b>
[48]	9998	or <b>dt_restart</b> does
[5]	9999	not override the automatic start of restart runs in case that the job
[108]	10000	runs out of CPU time. <br>
	10001
[354]	10002
	10003
[108]	10004	</p>
	10005
[354]	10006
	10007
[108]	10008
[354]	10009
	10010
[108]	10011	<p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a>
	10012	and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p>
	10013
	10014
[354]	10015
	10016
[108]	10017	</td>
	10018
	10019
[354]	10020
	10021
[108]	10022	</tr>
	10023
	10024
	10025
[354]	10026
	10027
[108]	10028	<tr>
	10029
	10030
[354]	10031
	10032
[108]	10033	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	10034
	10035
[354]	10036
	10037
[108]	10038	<p><a name="section_xy"></a><b>section_xy</b></p>
	10039
	10040
	10041
[354]	10042
	10043
[108]	10044	</td>
	10045
	10046
[354]	10047
	10048
[108]	10049	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I(100)<br>
	10050
	10051
	10052
[354]	10053
	10054
[108]	10055	</td>
	10056
	10057
[354]	10058
	10059
[108]	10060	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no section</span><br>
	10061
	10062
	10063
[354]	10064
	10065
[108]	10066	</td>
	10067
	10068
[354]	10069
	10070
[108]	10071	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	10072
	10073
[354]	10074
	10075
[108]	10076	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Position
[48]	10077	of cross section(s) for output of 2d horizontal cross
[108]	10078	sections (grid point index k).  </font> </p>
	10079
	10080
[354]	10081
	10082
[108]	10083
	10084
	10085
[354]	10086
	10087
[108]	10088	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output
[48]	10089	of
	10090	horizontal cross sections is selected (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), this
	10091	parameter can be used to
[5]	10092	define the position(s) of the cross section(s). Up to 100 positions of
	10093	cross sections can be selected by assigning <b>section_xy</b>
	10094	the
	10095	corresponding vertical grid point index/indices k of the requested
	10096	cross section(s). The exact location (height level) of the cross
	10097	section depends on the variable for which the output is made: zu(k) for
	10098	scalars and horizontal velocities, zw(k) for the vertical velocity.
	10099	Information about the exact location of the cross section is contained
	10100	in the NetCDF output file (if the default NetCDF output is switched on;
[108]	10101	see <a href="#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>).</font></span></p>
	10102
	10103
[354]	10104
	10105
[108]	10106
	10107
[354]	10108
	10109
[108]	10110	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_xy</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span>
[48]	10111	creates the output of horizontal cross sections averaged along z. In
	10112	the
	10113	NetCDF output file these (averaged) cross sections are given the
[108]	10114	z-coordinate <span style="font-style: italic;">-1.0</span>.</font></span></p>
	10115
	10116
[354]	10117
	10118
[108]	10119
	10120
[354]	10121
	10122
[108]	10123	<p><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Assignments to <b>section_xy</b>
[5]	10124	does not effect the output of horizontal cross sections of variable u<sub>*</sub>
[48]	10125	and theta<sub></sub> and the liquid water path lwp. For
	10126	these quantities always only one cross
[108]	10127	section (for z=zu(1)) is output.</font></span></p>
	10128
	10129
[354]	10130
	10131
[108]	10132	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> =
	10133	<span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span> and
[48]	10134	if several cross sections are selected (e.g. <b>section_xy</b>
	10135	= <i>1</i>, <i>10</i>, <i>15</i>),
	10136	then the respective data are
[5]	10137	successively written to file. The output order follows the order given
	10138	by <b>section_xy</b>. </font></span></td>
[108]	10139
	10140
	10141
[354]	10142
	10143
[108]	10144	</tr>
	10145
	10146
[354]	10147
	10148
[108]	10149	<tr>
	10150
	10151
[354]	10152
	10153
[108]	10154	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	10155
	10156
[354]	10157
	10158
[108]	10159	<p><a name="section_xz"></a><b>section_xz</b></p>
	10160
	10161
	10162
[354]	10163
	10164
[108]	10165	</td>
	10166
	10167
[354]	10168
	10169
[108]	10170	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I(100)<br>
	10171
	10172
	10173
[354]	10174
	10175
[108]	10176	</td>
	10177
	10178
[354]	10179
	10180
[108]	10181	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no section</span></td>
	10182
	10183
	10184
[354]	10185
	10186
[108]	10187	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	10188
	10189
[354]	10190
	10191
[108]	10192	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Position of cross section(s)
[48]	10193	for output of 2d (xz) vertical cross sections (grid point
[108]	10194	index j).  </font> </p>
	10195
	10196
[354]	10197
	10198
[108]	10199	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
[48]	10200	vertical xz cross sections is selected (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), this
	10201	parameter can be used to
[5]	10202	define the position(s) of the cross section(s). Up to 100 positions of
[48]	10203	cross sections can be selected by assigning <b>section_xz</b>
	10204	the
[5]	10205	corresponding horizontal grid point index/indices j of the requested
	10206	cross section(s). The exact position (in y-direction) of the cross
[48]	10207	section is given by j</font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dy</font></span></a> <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">or (j-0.5)</font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dy</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">, depending
	10208	on which grid the output quantity is defined. However, in
	10209	the NetCDF output file </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(if the
	10210	default NetCDF output is switched on; see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>)
	10211	no distinction is made between the quantities and j*<span style="font-weight: bold;">dy</span> is used for all
[108]	10212	positions.<br>
	10213
	10214
[354]	10215
	10216
[108]	10217	<br>
	10218
	10219
[354]	10220
	10221
[108]	10222	Assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_xz</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span>
[5]	10223	creates the output of vertical cross sections averaged along y. In the
	10224	NetCDF output file these (averaged) cross sections are given the
[108]	10225	y-coordinate <span style="font-style: italic;">-1.0</span>.<br>
	10226
	10227
[354]	10228
	10229
[108]	10230	</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><br>
	10231
	10232
[354]	10233
	10234
[108]	10235	</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> =
	10236	<span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span> and
	10237	</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">if several cross sections are
[48]	10238	selected (e.g. <b>section_xz</b> = <i>0</i>, <i>12</i>,
[108]	10239	<i>27</i>),
[5]	10240	then the respective data are successively written to file. The output
	10241	order follows the order given by <b>section_xz</b>.</font></span></td>
[108]	10242
	10243
	10244
[354]	10245
	10246
[108]	10247	</tr>
	10248
	10249
[354]	10250
	10251
[108]	10252	<tr>
	10253
	10254
[354]	10255
	10256
[108]	10257	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	10258
	10259
[354]	10260
	10261
[108]	10262	<p><a name="section_yz"></a><b>section_yz</b></p>
	10263
	10264
	10265
[354]	10266
	10267
[108]	10268	</td>
	10269
	10270
[354]	10271
	10272
[108]	10273	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I(100)<br>
	10274
	10275
	10276
[354]	10277
	10278
[108]	10279	</td>
	10280
	10281
[354]	10282
	10283
[108]	10284	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no section</span></td>
	10285
	10286
	10287
[354]	10288
	10289
[108]	10290	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	10291
	10292
[354]	10293
	10294
[108]	10295	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Position of cross section(s)
[48]	10296	for output of 2d (yz) vertical cross sections (grid point
[108]	10297	index i).  </font> </p>
	10298
	10299
[354]	10300
	10301
[108]	10302	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
[5]	10303	vertical yz cross sections is selected (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">),
	10304	this parameter can be used to define the position(s) of the cross
	10305	section(s). Up to 100 positions of cross sections can be selected by
[48]	10306	assigning <b>section_yz</b> the corresponding horizontal
	10307	grid point
[5]	10308	index/indices i of the requested cross section(s). The exact position
[48]	10309	(in x-direction) of the cross section is given by i</font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dx</font></span></a> <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">or (i-0.5)</font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dx</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">, depending
	10310	on which grid the output quantity is defined. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">However, in
	10311	the NetCDF output file </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(if the
	10312	default NetCDF output is switched on; see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>)
	10313	no distinction is made between the quantities and i*<span style="font-weight: bold;">dx</span> is used for all
[108]	10314	positions.<br>
	10315
	10316
[354]	10317
	10318
[108]	10319	<br>
	10320
	10321
[354]	10322
	10323
[108]	10324	</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_yz</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span>
[5]	10325	creates the output of vertical cross sections averaged along x. In the
[48]	10326	NetCDF output file these (averaged) cross sections are given the
[108]	10327	x-coordinate <span style="font-style: italic;">-1.0</span>.</font></span><br>
	10328
	10329
[354]	10330
	10331
[108]	10332	<span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"> <br>
	10333
	10334
[354]	10335
	10336
[108]	10337	</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> =
	10338	<span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span> and
	10339	</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">if several cross sections are
[48]	10340	selected (e.g. <b>section_yz</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">3</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">27</span>, 19), then the
[5]	10341	respective data are successively written to file. The output order
	10342	follows the order given by <b>section_yz</b>.</font></span></td>
[108]	10343
	10344
	10345
[354]	10346
	10347
[108]	10348	</tr>
	10349
	10350
[354]	10351
	10352
[108]	10353	<tr>
	10354
	10355
[354]	10356
	10357
[108]	10358	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_data_output"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output</span><br>
	10359
	10360
	10361
[354]	10362
	10363
[108]	10364	</td>
	10365
	10366
[354]	10367
	10368
[108]	10369	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	10370
	10371
[354]	10372
	10373
[108]	10374	</td>
	10375
	10376
	10377
[354]	10378
	10379
[108]	10380	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br>
	10381
	10382
[354]	10383
	10384
[108]	10385	</td>
	10386
	10387
	10388
[354]	10389
	10390
[108]	10391	<td style="vertical-align: top;">No data output before
	10392	this interval has passed (in s).<br>
	10393
	10394
[354]	10395
	10396
[108]	10397	<br>
	10398
	10399
[354]	10400
	10401
[108]	10402	This
[48]	10403	parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
	10404	this interval
	10405	(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. By
	10406	default, this
[5]	10407	applies for output of instantaneous 3d volume data, cross section data,
	10408	spectra and vertical profile data as well as for temporally averaged 2d
[108]	10409	and 3d data. Individual intervals can be assigned using parameters <a href="#skip_time_do3d">skip_time_do3d</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xy">skip_time_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xz">skip_time_do2d_xz</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_yz">skip_time_do2d_yz</a>, <a href="#skip_time_dosp">skip_time_dosp</a>, <a href="#skip_time_dopr">skip_time_dopr</a>, and <a href="#skip_time_data_output_av">skip_time_data_output_av</a>.<br>
	10410
	10411
[354]	10412
	10413
[108]	10414	<br>
	10415
	10416
[354]	10417
	10418
[108]	10419	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	10420
	10421
[354]	10422
	10423
[108]	10424	If
[48]	10425	the user has set <a href="#dt_data_output">dt_data_output</a>
	10426	= <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span>
	10427	and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output</span>
	10428	= <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>,
[108]	10429	then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s.<br>
	10430
	10431
[354]	10432
	10433
[108]	10434	</td>
	10435
	10436
	10437
[354]	10438
	10439
[108]	10440	</tr>
	10441
	10442
[354]	10443
	10444
[108]	10445	<tr>
	10446
	10447
[354]	10448
	10449
[108]	10450	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_data_output_av"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output_av</span></td>
	10451
	10452
[354]	10453
	10454
[108]	10455	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	10456
	10457
[354]	10458
	10459
[108]	10460	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
	10461
	10462
[354]	10463
	10464
[108]	10465	data_output</a></span></td>
	10466
	10467
[354]	10468
	10469
[108]	10470	<td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of temporally
	10471	averaged 2d/3d data before this interval has passed (in s).<br>
	10472
	10473
[354]	10474
	10475
[108]	10476	<br>
	10477
	10478
[354]	10479
	10480
[108]	10481	This
[48]	10482	parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
	10483	this interval
[108]	10484	(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
	10485
	10486
[354]	10487
	10488
[108]	10489	<br>
	10490
	10491
[354]	10492
	10493
[108]	10494	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	10495
	10496
[354]	10497
	10498
[108]	10499	If
[48]	10500	the user has set <a href="#dt_data_output_av">dt_data_output_av</a>
	10501	= <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span>
	10502	and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output_av</span>
	10503	= <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>,
[108]	10504	then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s.</td>
	10505
	10506
[354]	10507
	10508
[108]	10509	</tr>
	10510
	10511
[354]	10512
	10513
[108]	10514	<tr>
	10515
	10516
	10517
[354]	10518
	10519
[108]	10520	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_dopr"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dopr</span><br>
	10521
	10522
	10523
[354]	10524
	10525
[108]	10526	</td>
	10527
	10528
[354]	10529
	10530
[108]	10531	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	10532
	10533
[354]	10534
	10535
[108]	10536	</td>
	10537
	10538
	10539
[354]	10540
	10541
[108]	10542	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
	10543
	10544
[354]	10545
	10546
[108]	10547	data_output</a></span>
	10548	</td>
	10549
	10550
[354]	10551
	10552
[108]	10553	<td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
	10554	vertical profile data before this interval has passed (in s).<br>
	10555
	10556
[354]	10557
	10558
[108]	10559	<br>
	10560
	10561
[354]	10562
	10563
[108]	10564	This
[48]	10565	parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
	10566	this interval
[108]	10567	(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
	10568
	10569
[354]	10570
	10571
[108]	10572	<br>
	10573
	10574
[354]	10575
	10576
[108]	10577	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	10578
	10579
[354]	10580
	10581
[108]	10582	If
[48]	10583	the user has set <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dopr</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>, then the
[108]	10584	first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
	10585
	10586
[354]	10587
	10588
[108]	10589	</tr>
	10590
	10591
[354]	10592
	10593
[108]	10594	<tr>
	10595
	10596
	10597
[354]	10598
	10599
[108]	10600	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_do2d_xy"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xy</span><br>
	10601
	10602
	10603
[354]	10604
	10605
[108]	10606	</td>
	10607
	10608
[354]	10609
	10610
[108]	10611	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	10612
	10613
[354]	10614
	10615
[108]	10616	</td>
	10617
	10618
	10619
[354]	10620
	10621
[108]	10622	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
	10623
	10624
[354]	10625
	10626
[108]	10627	data_output</a></span>
	10628	</td>
	10629
	10630
[354]	10631
	10632
[108]	10633	<td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
[48]	10634	instantaneous horizontal cross section data before this interval has
[108]	10635	passed (in s).<br>
	10636
	10637
[354]	10638
	10639
[108]	10640	<br>
	10641
	10642
[354]	10643
	10644
[108]	10645	This
[48]	10646	parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
	10647	this interval
[108]	10648	(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
	10649
	10650
[354]	10651
	10652
[108]	10653	<br>
	10654
	10655
[354]	10656
	10657
[108]	10658	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	10659
	10660
[354]	10661
	10662
[108]	10663	If
[48]	10664	the user has set <a href="#dt_do2d_xy">dt_do2d_xy</a>
	10665	= <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span>
	10666	and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xy</span>
	10667	= <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>,
[108]	10668	then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
	10669
	10670
[354]	10671
	10672
[108]	10673	</tr>
	10674
	10675
	10676
[354]	10677
	10678
[108]	10679	<tr>
	10680
	10681
[354]	10682
	10683
[108]	10684	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_do2d_xz"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xz</span><br>
	10685
	10686
	10687
[354]	10688
	10689
[108]	10690	</td>
	10691
	10692
[354]	10693
	10694
[108]	10695	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	10696
	10697
[354]	10698
	10699
[108]	10700	</td>
	10701
	10702
	10703
[354]	10704
	10705
[108]	10706	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
	10707
	10708
[354]	10709
	10710
[108]	10711	data_output</a></span>
	10712	</td>
	10713
	10714
[354]	10715
	10716
[108]	10717	<td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
[48]	10718	instantaneous vertical (xz) cross section data before this interval has
[108]	10719	passed (in s).<br>
	10720
	10721
[354]	10722
	10723
[108]	10724	<br>
	10725
	10726
[354]	10727
	10728
[108]	10729	This
[48]	10730	parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
	10731	this interval
[108]	10732	(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
	10733
	10734
[354]	10735
	10736
[108]	10737	<br>
	10738
	10739
[354]	10740
	10741
[108]	10742	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	10743
	10744
[354]	10745
	10746
[108]	10747	If
[48]	10748	the user has set <a href="#dt_do2d_xz">dt_do2d_xz</a>
	10749	= <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span>
	10750	and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xz</span>
	10751	= <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>,
[108]	10752	then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
	10753
	10754
[354]	10755
	10756
[108]	10757	</tr>
	10758
	10759
	10760
[354]	10761
	10762
[108]	10763	<tr>
	10764
	10765
[354]	10766
	10767
[108]	10768	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_do2d_yz"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_yz</span><br>
	10769
	10770
	10771
[354]	10772
	10773
[108]	10774	</td>
	10775
	10776
[354]	10777
	10778
[108]	10779	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	10780
	10781
[354]	10782
	10783
[108]	10784	</td>
	10785
	10786
	10787
[354]	10788
	10789
[108]	10790	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
	10791
	10792
[354]	10793
	10794
[108]	10795	data_output</a></span>
	10796	</td>
	10797
	10798
[354]	10799
	10800
[108]	10801	<td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
[48]	10802	instantaneous vertical (yz) cross section data before this interval has
[108]	10803	passed (in s).<br>
	10804
	10805
[354]	10806
	10807
[108]	10808	<br>
	10809
	10810
[354]	10811
	10812
[108]	10813	This
[48]	10814	parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
	10815	this interval
[108]	10816	(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
	10817
	10818
[354]	10819
	10820
[108]	10821	<br>
	10822
	10823
[354]	10824
	10825
[108]	10826	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	10827
	10828
[354]	10829
	10830
[108]	10831	If
[48]	10832	the user has set <a href="#dt_do2d_yz">dt_do2d_yz</a>
	10833	= <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span>
	10834	and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_yz</span>
	10835	= <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>,
[108]	10836	then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
	10837
	10838
[354]	10839
	10840
[108]	10841	</tr>
	10842
	10843
	10844
[354]	10845
	10846
[108]	10847	<tr>
	10848
	10849
[354]	10850
	10851
[108]	10852	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_do3d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do3d</span><br>
	10853
	10854
	10855
[354]	10856
	10857
[108]	10858	</td>
	10859
	10860
[354]	10861
	10862
[108]	10863	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	10864
	10865
[354]	10866
	10867
[108]	10868	</td>
	10869
	10870
	10871
[354]	10872
	10873
[108]	10874	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
	10875
	10876
[354]	10877
	10878
[108]	10879	data_output</a></span>
	10880	</td>
	10881
	10882
[354]	10883
	10884
[108]	10885	<td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
	10886	instantaneous 3d volume data before this interval has passed (in s).<br>
	10887
	10888
[354]	10889
	10890
[108]	10891	<br>
	10892
	10893
[354]	10894
	10895
[108]	10896	This
[48]	10897	parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
	10898	this interval
[108]	10899	(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
	10900
	10901
[354]	10902
	10903
[108]	10904	<br>
	10905
	10906
[354]	10907
	10908
[108]	10909	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	10910
	10911
[354]	10912
	10913
[108]	10914	If
[48]	10915	the user has set <a href="#dt_do3d">dt_do3d</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do3d</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>, then the
[108]	10916	first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
	10917
	10918
[354]	10919
	10920
[108]	10921	</tr>
	10922
	10923
	10924
[354]	10925
	10926
[108]	10927	<tr>
	10928
	10929
[354]	10930
	10931
[108]	10932	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	10933
	10934
[354]	10935
	10936
[108]	10937	<p><a name="termination_time_needed"></a><b>termination_time</b>
	10938	<br>
	10939
	10940
[354]	10941
	10942
[108]	10943	<b>_needed</b></p>
	10944
	10945
[354]	10946
	10947
[108]	10948	</td>
	10949
	10950
[354]	10951
	10952
[108]	10953	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	10954
	10955
[354]	10956
	10957
[108]	10958	</td>
	10959
	10960
[354]	10961
	10962
[108]	10963	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">35.0</span><br>
	10964
	10965
[354]	10966
	10967
[108]	10968	</td>
	10969
	10970
	10971
[354]	10972
	10973
[108]	10974	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	10975
	10976
[354]	10977
	10978
[108]	10979	<p>CPU time
[48]	10980	needed for terminal actions at the end of a run in
[108]	10981	batch mode (in s).<br>
	10982
	10983
[354]	10984
	10985
[108]	10986	</p>
	10987
	10988
[354]	10989
	10990
[108]	10991
	10992
	10993
[354]	10994
	10995
[108]	10996	<p>If the environment
[48]	10997	variable <b>write_binary </b>is
[5]	10998	set <i>true</i> (see <a href="chapter_3.3.html">chapter
[48]	10999	3.3</a>), PALM checks the remaining CPU time of the job after
	11000	each
[5]	11001	timestep. Time integration must not consume the CPU time completely,
	11002	since several actions still have to be carried out after time
	11003	integration has finished (e.g. writing of binary data for the restart
	11004	run, carrying out output commands, copying of local files to their
	11005	permanent destinations, etc.) which also takes some time. The maximum
	11006	possible time needed for these activities plus a reserve is to be given
[48]	11007	with the parameter <b>termination_time_needed</b>. Among
	11008	other things,
[5]	11009	it depends on
	11010	the number of grid points used. If its value is selected too small,
	11011	then the
	11012	respective job will be prematurely aborted by the queuing system, which
	11013	may result in a data loss and will possibly interrupt the job chain.<br>
[108]	11014
	11015
	11016
[354]	11017
	11018
[108]	11019	</p>
	11020
	11021
[354]	11022
	11023
[108]	11024
	11025
	11026
[354]	11027
	11028
[108]	11029	<p>An abort happens in any way, if the environment
[48]	11030	variable <span style="font-weight: bold;">write_binary</span>
	11031	is not set to <span style="font-style: italic;">true</span>
	11032	and if moreover the job has
	11033	been assigned an insufficient CPU time by <b>mrun</b>
	11034	option <tt><tt>-t</tt></tt>. <i><br>
[108]	11035
	11036
	11037
[354]	11038
	11039
[108]	11040	</i> </p>
	11041
	11042
[354]	11043
	11044
[108]	11045
	11046
	11047
[354]	11048
	11049
[108]	11050	<p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
	11051
	11052
	11053
[354]	11054
	11055
[48]	11056	On the IBM computers of the HLRN the time used by the job <span style="font-weight: bold;">before</span> the start of
	11057	PALM
[5]	11058	have also to be accounted for (e.g. for
[108]	11059	compilation and copying of input files).</p>
	11060
	11061
[354]	11062
	11063
[108]	11064	</td>
	11065
	11066
[354]	11067
	11068
[108]	11069	</tr>
	11070
	11071
	11072
[354]	11073
	11074
[108]	11075	<tr>
	11076
	11077
[354]	11078
	11079
[108]	11080	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11081
	11082
[354]	11083
	11084
[108]	11085	<p><a name="use_prior_plot1d_parameters"></a><b>use_prior_plot1d</b>
	11086	<br>
	11087
	11088
[354]	11089
	11090
[108]	11091	<b>_parameters</b></p>
	11092
	11093
[354]	11094
	11095
[108]	11096	</td>
	11097
	11098
[354]	11099
	11100
[108]	11101	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
	11102
	11103
[354]	11104
	11105
[108]	11106	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
	11107
	11108
	11109
[354]	11110
	11111
[108]	11112	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11113
	11114
[354]	11115
	11116
[108]	11117	<p>Additional
[48]	11118	plot of vertical profile data with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>
	11119	from preceding runs of the
[108]	11120	job chain.  </p>
	11121
	11122
[354]	11123
	11124
[108]	11125
	11126
	11127
[354]	11128
	11129
[108]	11130	<p>This parameter only applies
[48]	11131	for  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
[108]	11132	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	11133
	11134
[354]	11135
	11136
[108]	11137
	11138
[354]	11139
	11140
[108]	11141	<p>By
[48]	11142	default, plots of horizontally averaged vertical profiles
[5]	11143	(see <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
	11144	only contain profiles of data produced by the model
	11145	run. If profiles of prior times (i.e. data of preceding jobs of a
	11146	job chain) shall be plotted additionally (e.g. for comparison
[48]	11147	purposes), <b>use_prior_plot1d_parameters</b> = <i>.T</i>.
	11148	must be
[108]	11149	set.<br>
	11150
	11151
[354]	11152
	11153
[108]	11154	</p>
	11155
	11156
[354]	11157
	11158
[108]	11159
	11160
	11161
[354]	11162
	11163
[108]	11164	<p>For further explanation see <a href="chapter_4.5.2.html">chapter
	11165	4.5.2</a>.</p>
	11166
	11167
[354]	11168
	11169
[108]	11170	</td>
	11171
	11172
[354]	11173
	11174
[108]	11175	</tr>
	11176
	11177
[354]	11178
	11179
[108]	11180	<tr>
	11181
	11182
[354]	11183
	11184
[108]	11185	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11186
	11187
[354]	11188
	11189
[108]	11190	<p><a name="z_max_do1d"></a><b>z_max_do1d</b></p>
	11191
	11192
	11193
[354]	11194
	11195
[108]	11196	</td>
	11197
	11198
[354]	11199
	11200
[108]	11201	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	11202
	11203
	11204
[354]	11205
	11206
[108]	11207	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>zu(nzt+1) (model
	11208	top)</i></td>
	11209
	11210
[354]	11211
	11212
[108]	11213	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11214
	11215
[354]	11216
	11217
[108]	11218	<p>Height level up to which horizontally averaged profiles are to
[5]	11219	be
[48]	11220	plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>
	11221	(in
[108]	11222	m).  </p>
	11223
	11224
[354]	11225
	11226
[108]	11227
	11228
	11229
[354]	11230
	11231
[108]	11232	<p>This parameter only applies for
[48]	11233	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
[108]	11234	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	11235
	11236
[354]	11237
	11238
[108]	11239
	11240
[354]	11241
	11242
[108]	11243	<p>It
[48]	11244	affects plots of horizontally averaged profiles
[5]	11245	(<a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
	11246	when plotted with the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
	11247	By default, profiles are plotted up to the top boundary. The height
[48]	11248	level up to which profiles are plotted can be decreased by assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">z_max_do1d</span> a smaller
	11249	value.
	11250	Nevertheless, <span style="font-weight: bold;">all</span>
	11251	vertical
[5]	11252	grid points (0 <= k <= nz+1) are still output to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>.</p>
[108]	11253
	11254
	11255
[354]	11256
	11257
[108]	11258
	11259
[354]	11260
	11261
[108]	11262	<p>If a normalization for the vertical axis was selected (see <a href="#cross_normalized_y">cross_normalized_y</a>), <b>z_max_do1d</b>
[5]	11263	has no effect. Instead, <a href="#z_max_do1d_normalized">z_max_do1d_normalized</a>
[108]	11264	must be used.</p>
	11265
	11266
[354]	11267
	11268
[108]	11269	</td>
	11270
	11271
[354]	11272
	11273
[108]	11274	</tr>
	11275
	11276
[354]	11277
	11278
[108]	11279	<tr>
	11280
	11281
[354]	11282
	11283
[108]	11284	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11285
	11286
[354]	11287
	11288
[108]	11289	<p><a name="z_max_do1d_normalized"></a><b>z_max_do1d</b>
	11290	<br>
	11291
	11292
[354]	11293
	11294
[108]	11295	<b>_normalized</b></p>
	11296
	11297
[354]	11298
	11299
[108]	11300	</td>
	11301
	11302
[354]	11303
	11304
[108]	11305	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	11306
	11307
[354]	11308
	11309
[108]	11310	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>determined by plot</i>
	11311	<br>
	11312
	11313
[354]	11314
	11315
[108]	11316	<i>data</i> <br>
	11317
	11318
[354]	11319
	11320
[108]	11321	</td>
	11322
	11323
[354]	11324
	11325
[108]	11326	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11327
	11328
[354]	11329
	11330
[108]	11331	<p>Normalized height
[48]	11332	level up to which horizontally averaged
[5]	11333	profiles are to be plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
[108]	11334	</p>
	11335
	11336
[354]	11337
	11338
[108]	11339
	11340
	11341
[354]	11342
	11343
[108]	11344	<p>This parameter only applies for  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
	11345	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	11346
	11347
[354]	11348
	11349
[108]	11350
	11351
[354]	11352
	11353
[108]	11354	<p>It
[48]	11355	affects plots of horizontally averaged profiles
[5]	11356	(<a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
	11357	when plotted with the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>,
	11358	if a normalization for the vertical axis is selected
	11359	(see <a href="#cross_normalized_y">cross_normalized_y</a>).
	11360	If e.g. the boundary layer height is used for normalization, then <b>z_max_do1d_normalized</b>
[48]	11361	= <i>1.5</i> means that all profiles up to the height
	11362	level of z =
[108]	11363	1.5* z<sub>i </sub>are plotted.</p>
	11364
	11365
[354]	11366
	11367
[108]	11368	</td>
	11369
	11370
[354]	11371
	11372
[108]	11373	</tr>
	11374
	11375
	11376
[354]	11377
	11378
[108]	11379	<tr>
	11380
	11381
[354]	11382
	11383
[108]	11384	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11385
	11386
[354]	11387
	11388
[108]	11389	<p><a name="z_max_do2d"></a><b>z_max_do2d</b></p>
	11390
	11391
	11392
[354]	11393
	11394
[108]	11395	</td>
	11396
	11397
[354]	11398
	11399
[108]	11400	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	11401
	11402
[354]	11403
	11404
[108]	11405	</td>
	11406
	11407
	11408
[354]	11409
	11410
[108]	11411	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">zu(nz)</span><br>
	11412
	11413
[354]	11414
	11415
[108]	11416	</td>
	11417
	11418
	11419
[354]	11420
	11421
[108]	11422	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11423
	11424
[354]	11425
	11426
[108]	11427	<p>Height level
[48]	11428	up to which 2d cross sections are to be plotted
[5]	11429	with <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>
[108]	11430	(in m).  </p>
	11431
	11432
[354]	11433
	11434
[108]	11435
	11436
	11437
[354]	11438
	11439
[108]	11440	<p>This parameter only applies for
[48]	11441	<a href="#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
[108]	11442	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span>.</p>
	11443
	11444
[354]	11445
	11446
[108]	11447
	11448
[354]	11449
	11450
[108]	11451	<p>It
[48]	11452	affects plots of  2d vertical cross
[5]	11453	sections (<a href="#data_output">data_output</a>)
[48]	11454	when plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>.
	11455	By
	11456	default, vertical sections are plotted up to the top boundary. <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>In contrast, with <b>z_max_do2d
[108]	11457	</b>the
[5]	11458	visualization within
[48]	11459	the plot can be limited to a certain height level (0 <= z
	11460	<= <b>z_max_do2d</b>).
	11461	Nevertheless, <span style="font-weight: bold;">all</span>
	11462	grid points
[5]	11463	of the complete cross section are still output to the local files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XZ">PLOT2D_XZ</a>
	11464	or <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_YZ">PLOT2D_YZ</a>.
	11465	The level up to which the section is visualized can later be changed by
	11466	manually editing the
	11467	file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL</a>
	11468	or <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL</a>
	11469	(the respective <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>-parameter
	11470	is <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html#YRIGHT">yright</a>).</p>
[108]	11471
	11472
	11473
[354]	11474
	11475
[108]	11476	</td>
	11477
	11478
[354]	11479
	11480
[108]	11481	</tr>
	11482
	11483
[354]	11484
	11485
[108]	11486
	11487
	11488
[354]	11489
	11490
[108]	11491	</tbody>
	11492	</table>
	11493
	11494
[354]	11495
	11496
[108]	11497	<br>
	11498
	11499
	11500
[354]	11501
	11502
[108]	11503	<br>
	11504
	11505
[354]	11506
	11507
[108]	11508	<h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><a name="particle_parameters"></a>Particle
[5]	11509	parameters: </h3>
[108]	11510
	11511
	11512
[354]	11513
	11514
[102]	11515	<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>NAMELIST group name: <span style="font-weight: bold;">particles_par<br>
[108]	11516
	11517
	11518
[354]	11519
	11520
[108]	11521	</span>
	11522	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	11523
	11524
[354]	11525
	11526
[108]	11527	<tbody>
	11528
	11529
[354]	11530
	11531
[108]	11532	<tr>
	11533
	11534
	11535
[354]	11536
	11537
[108]	11538	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter
[61]	11539	name</b></font></td>
[108]	11540
	11541
	11542
[354]	11543
	11544
[108]	11545	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
	11546
	11547
	11548
[354]	11549
	11550
[108]	11551	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11552
	11553
[354]	11554
	11555
[108]	11556	<p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br>
	11557
	11558
[354]	11559
	11560
[108]	11561	<b><font size="4">value</font></b></p>
	11562
	11563
[354]	11564
	11565
[108]	11566	</td>
	11567
	11568
	11569
[354]	11570
	11571
[108]	11572	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11573
	11574
[354]	11575
	11576
[108]	11577	<p><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></p>
	11578
	11579
	11580
[354]	11581
	11582
[108]	11583	</td>
	11584
	11585
[354]	11586
	11587
[108]	11588	</tr>
	11589
	11590
[354]	11591
	11592
[108]	11593	<tr>
	11594
	11595
[354]	11596
	11597
[108]	11598	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11599
	11600
[354]	11601
	11602
[108]	11603	<p><a name="dt_prel"></a><b>dt_prel</b></p>
	11604
	11605
	11606
[354]	11607
	11608
[108]	11609	</td>
	11610
	11611
[354]	11612
	11613
[108]	11614	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	11615
	11616
	11617
[354]	11618
	11619
[108]	11620	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
	11621
	11622
	11623
[354]	11624
	11625
[108]	11626	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11627
	11628
[354]	11629
	11630
[108]	11631	<p><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">Temporal
[5]	11632	interval at
[48]	11633	which particles are to be released <span lang="en-GB">from
	11634	a particle
	11635	source </span>(</span></font>in <font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">s).</span>
[108]	11636	</font> </p>
	11637
	11638
[354]	11639
	11640
[108]	11641
	11642
	11643
[354]	11644
	11645
[108]	11646	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">By default
[5]	11647	particles are released only at the beginning of a simulation
	11648	(t_init=0). The time of the first release (t_init) can be changed with
	11649	package parameter </font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><font><a href="#particle_advection_start"><font face="Thorndale, serif">particle_advection_start</font></a>.
[108]	11650	</font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The time of the last release can be
[48]	11651	set with the package parameter <a href="#end_time_prel">end_time_prel</a>.
	11652	If <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_prel</span>
	11653	has been set, additional
[5]	11654	releases will be at t = t_init+<span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_prel</span>,
[48]	11655	t_init+2*<span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_prel</span>,
	11656	t_init+3*<span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_prel</span>,
	11657	etc.. Actual release times
	11658	may slightly deviate from thesel values (</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">see
	11659	e.g. </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">).</font></span></p>
[108]	11660
	11661
	11662
[354]	11663
	11664
[108]	11665
	11666
[354]	11667
	11668
[108]	11669	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> The domain
[48]	11670	of the particle <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">source </font></span>as
	11671	well as the distance of  released particles
	11672	within this source </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">are determined via package
	11673	parameters </font></span><a href="#pst"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pst</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#psl"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psl</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#psr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#pss"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pss</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#psn"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psn</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#psb"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psb</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#pdx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdx</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#pdy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdy</font></span></a>
[108]	11674	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
	11675	</font></span><a href="#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">.</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> By
[48]	11676	default, one particle is released at all points defined by these
	11677	parameters. The package parameter <a href="#particles_per_point">particles_per_point</a>
	11678	can be used to start more than one particle per point.<br>
[108]	11679
	11680
	11681
[354]	11682
	11683
[108]	11684	</font></span></p>
	11685
	11686
[354]	11687
	11688
[108]	11689
	11690
	11691
[354]	11692
	11693
[108]	11694	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Up to 10
[48]	11695	different groups of particles can be released at the same time (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#number_of_particle_groups"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">number_of_particle_groups</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">)
	11696	where each group may have a different source. All particles belonging
	11697	to one group have the same density ratio and the same radius. All other
	11698	particle features (e.g. location of the source) are
[108]	11699	identical for all groups of particles.</font></span></p>
	11700
	11701
[354]	11702
	11703
[108]	11704	Subgrid
[5]	11705	scale velocities can (optionally) be included for calculating the
	11706	particle advection, using the method of Weil et al. (2004, JAS, 61,
	11707	2877-2887). This method is switched on by the package
[48]	11708	parameter <a href="#use_sgs_for_particles">use_sgs_for_particles</a>.
	11709	This also forces the Euler/upstream method to be used for time
	11710	advancement of the TKE (see initialization parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_upstream_for_tke">use_upstream_for_tke</a>).
	11711	The minimum timestep during the sub-timesteps is controlled by package
[108]	11712	parameter <a href="#dt_min_part">dt_min_part</a>.
	11713
	11714
[354]	11715
	11716
[108]	11717	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">By
[5]	11718	default, particles are weightless and transported passively with the
	11719	resolved scale flow. Particles can be given a mass and thus an inertia
	11720	by assigning the
[48]	11721	package parameter </font></span><a href="#density_ratio"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">density_ratio</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> a
	11722	non-zero value (it
[5]	11723	defines the ratio of the density of the fluid and the density of the
	11724	particles). In these cases their </font></span><a href="#radius"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">radius</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">
	11725	must also be defined, which affects their flow resistance. </font></span><a href="#diameter"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span> </p>
[108]	11726
	11727
	11728
[354]	11729
	11730
[108]	11731
	11732
[354]	11733
	11734
[108]	11735	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Boundary
[5]	11736	conditions for the particle transport can be defined with package
	11737	parameters </font></span><a href="#bc_par_t"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">bc_par_t</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#bc_par_lr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">bc_par_lr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="bc_par_ns"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">bc_par_ns</font></span></a>
[108]	11738	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
	11739	</font></span><a href="#bc_par_b"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">bc_par_b</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">.</font></span></p>
	11740
	11741
[354]	11742
	11743
[108]	11744	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Timeseries
[48]	11745	of particle quantities in NetCDF format can be output to local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF</a>
[108]	11746	by using package parameter <a href="#dt_dopts">dt_dopts</a>.<br>
	11747
	11748
[354]	11749
	11750
[108]	11751	</font></span>
	11752
	11753
[354]	11754
	11755
[108]	11756	<p>For
[48]	11757	analysis, additional output of
[5]	11758	particle
	11759	information in equidistant temporal intervals can be carried out using <a href="#dt_write_particle_data">dt_write_particle_data</a>
	11760	(file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_DATA">PARTICLE_DATA</a>).<br>
[108]	11761
	11762
	11763
[354]	11764
	11765
[108]	11766	</p>
	11767
	11768
[354]	11769
	11770
[108]	11771
	11772
	11773
[354]	11774
	11775
[108]	11776	<p><span style="font-family: thorndale,serif;">Statistical
[5]	11777	informations</span> (e.g. the total number of particles used, the
	11778	number of particles exchanged between the PEs, etc.) are output to the
	11779	local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_DATA">PARTICLE_INFOS</a>,
	11780	if switched on by the parameter <a href="#write_particle_statistics">write_particle_statistics</a>.
[108]	11781	<br>
	11782
	11783
[354]	11784
	11785
[108]	11786	</p>
	11787
	11788
[354]	11789
	11790
[108]	11791
	11792
	11793
[354]	11794
	11795
[108]	11796	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">If a job
[5]	11797	chain is to be carried out, particle
[48]	11798	informations </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">for the restart run (e.g. current
	11799	location of
[5]	11800	all
	11801	particles at the end of the
	11802	run) is output to
[48]	11803	the local file</font></span> <font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dvrp"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a></font><a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_OUT">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_OUT</a><font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dvrp"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a></font>,
[108]	11804	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">which
[48]	11805	must be saved at the
	11806	end of the run <tt><span lang="en-GB"></span></tt>and
	11807	given as an
[5]	11808	input file to the restart run
	11809	under local file name</font></span> <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN</a>
[48]	11810	u<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">sing
	11811	respective file
[5]	11812	connection statements in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>
[108]	11813	configuration file. </font></span> <span lang="en-GB"></span></p>
	11814
	11815
[354]	11816
	11817
[108]	11818
	11819
[354]	11820
	11821
[108]	11822	<p><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The output of
[48]	11823	particles for visualization with the graphic software <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> is steered by
	11824	the package
	11825	parameter </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dvrp"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">dt_dvrp</font></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">.
	11826	For visualization
[5]	11827	purposes particles can be given a
[266]	11828	diameter using the parameters <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dvrp_psize">dvrp_psize</a>
	11829	and <a href="#particle_dvrpsize">particle_dvrpsize</a> (this diameter only affects the visualization). All particles have the
[5]	11830	same size. Alternatively, particles can be given an individual size and
[48]	11831	a </span>color <span lang="en-GB">by modifying the
	11832	user-interface (subroutine</span></font> <span style="font-family: monospace;">user_init_particles</span>)<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">.
	11833	Particles can pull a
[493]	11834	“tail” behind themselves to improve their
[48]	11835	visualization.
[108]	11836	This is steered via the parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#use_particle_tails">use_particle_tails</a>.</font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#maximum_number_of_tailpoints"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a></p>
	11837
	11838
[354]	11839
	11840
[108]	11841	<span lang="en-GB"></span>
	11842
	11843
[354]	11844
	11845
[108]	11846	<p><b>So far, the
[48]	11847	particle transport realized in PALM does only
[5]	11848	work
[108]	11849	duly in case of a constant vertical grid spacing!</b></p>
	11850
	11851
[354]	11852
	11853
[108]	11854	</td>
	11855
	11856
	11857
[354]	11858
	11859
[108]	11860	</tr>
	11861
	11862
[354]	11863
	11864
[108]	11865	<tr>
	11866
	11867
[354]	11868
	11869
[108]	11870	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11871
	11872
[354]	11873
	11874
[108]	11875	<p><a name="bc_par_b"></a><b>bc_par_b</b></p>
	11876
	11877
	11878
[354]	11879
	11880
[108]	11881	</td>
	11882
	11883
[354]	11884
	11885
[108]	11886	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*15</td>
	11887
	11888
	11889
[354]	11890
	11891
[493]	11892	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>ŽreflectŽ</i></td>
[108]	11893
	11894
	11895
[354]	11896
	11897
[108]	11898	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11899
	11900
[354]	11901
	11902
[108]	11903	<p>Bottom
	11904	boundary condition for particle transport. </p>
	11905
	11906
[354]	11907
	11908
[108]	11909
	11910
	11911
[354]	11912
	11913
[108]	11914	<p>By
[48]	11915	default, particles are reflected at the bottom boundary.
[5]	11916	Alternatively, a particle absorption can set by <b>bc_par_b</b>
[493]	11917	= <i>ŽabsorbŽ</i>.</p>
[108]	11918
	11919
[354]	11920
	11921
[108]	11922	</td>
	11923
	11924
	11925
[354]	11926
	11927
[108]	11928	</tr>
	11929
	11930
[354]	11931
	11932
[108]	11933	<tr>
	11934
	11935
[354]	11936
	11937
[108]	11938	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11939
	11940
[354]	11941
	11942
[108]	11943	<p><a name="bc_par_lr"></a><b>bc_par_lr</b></p>
	11944
	11945
	11946
[354]	11947
	11948
[108]	11949	</td>
	11950
	11951
[354]	11952
	11953
[108]	11954	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*15</td>
	11955
	11956
	11957
[354]	11958
	11959
[493]	11960	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>ŽcyclicŽ</i></td>
[108]	11961
	11962
	11963
[354]	11964
	11965
[108]	11966	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11967
	11968
[354]	11969
	11970
[108]	11971	<p>Lateral
[48]	11972	boundary condition (x-direction) for particle
[108]	11973	transport. </p>
	11974
	11975
[354]	11976
	11977
[108]	11978
	11979
	11980
[354]	11981
	11982
[108]	11983	<p>By default, cyclic boundary conditions
[48]	11984	are used along x.
[5]	11985	Alternatively, reflection (<b>bc_par_lr</b>
[493]	11986	= <i>ŽreflectŽ</i>) or absorption (<b>bc_par_lr</b>
	11987	= <i>ŽabsorbŽ</i>)
[108]	11988	can be set. <br>
	11989
	11990
[354]	11991
	11992
[108]	11993	</p>
	11994
	11995
[354]	11996
	11997
[108]	11998
	11999
	12000
[354]	12001
	12002
[108]	12003	<p>This lateral boundary
[48]	12004	conditions should correspond to the
[108]	12005	lateral boundary condition used for the flow (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>).</p>
	12006
	12007
[354]	12008
	12009
[108]	12010	</td>
	12011
	12012
	12013
[354]	12014
	12015
[108]	12016	</tr>
	12017
	12018
[354]	12019
	12020
[108]	12021	<tr>
	12022
	12023
[354]	12024
	12025
[108]	12026	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	12027
	12028
[354]	12029
	12030
[108]	12031	<p><a name="bc_par_ns"></a><b>bc_par_ns</b></p>
	12032
	12033
	12034
[354]	12035
	12036
[108]	12037	</td>
	12038
	12039
[354]	12040
	12041
[108]	12042	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*15</td>
	12043
	12044
	12045
[354]	12046
	12047
[493]	12048	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>ŽcyclicŽ</i></td>
[108]	12049
	12050
	12051
[354]	12052
	12053
[108]	12054	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	12055
	12056
[354]	12057
	12058
[108]	12059	<p>Lateral
[48]	12060	boundary condition (y-direction) for particle
[108]	12061	transport. </p>
	12062
	12063
[354]	12064
	12065
[108]	12066
	12067
	12068
[354]	12069
	12070
[108]	12071	<p>By default, cyclic boundary conditions
[48]	12072	are used along y.
[5]	12073	Alternatively, reflection (<b>bc_par_ns</b>
[493]	12074	= <i>ŽreflectŽ</i>) or absorption (<b>bc_par_ns</b>
	12075	= <i>ŽabsorbŽ</i>)
[108]	12076	can be set.<br>
	12077
	12078
[354]	12079
	12080
[108]	12081	</p>
	12082
	12083
	12084
[354]	12085
	12086
[5]	12087	This lateral boundary conditions should correspond to the lateral
[108]	12088	boundary condition used for the flow (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</td>
	12089
	12090
[354]	12091
	12092
[108]	12093	</tr>
	12094
	12095
	12096
[354]	12097
	12098
[108]	12099	<tr>
	12100
	12101
[354]	12102
	12103
[108]	12104	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	12105
	12106
[354]	12107
	12108
[108]	12109	<p><a name="bc_par_t"></a><b>bc_par_t</b></p>
	12110
	12111
	12112
[354]	12113
	12114
[108]	12115	</td>
	12116
	12117
[354]	12118
	12119
[108]	12120	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*15</td>
	12121
	12122
	12123
[354]	12124
	12125
[493]	12126	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>ŽabsorbŽ</i></td>
[108]	12127
	12128
	12129
[354]	12130
	12131
[108]	12132	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	12133
	12134
[354]	12135
	12136
[108]	12137	<p>Top boundary
	12138	condition for particle transport. </p>
	12139
	12140
[354]	12141
	12142
[108]	12143
	12144
	12145
[354]	12146
	12147
[108]	12148	<p>By default,
[48]	12149	particles are absorbed at the top boundary.
[5]	12150	Alternatively, a reflection condition can be set by <b>bc_par_t</b>
[493]	12151	= <i>ŽreflectŽ</i>.</p>
[108]	12152
	12153
[354]	12154
	12155
[108]	12156	</td>
	12157
	12158
	12159
[354]	12160
	12161
[108]	12162	</tr>
	12163
	12164
[354]	12165
	12166
[108]	12167	<tr>
	12168
	12169
[354]	12170
	12171
[108]	12172	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	12173
	12174
[354]	12175
	12176
[108]	12177	<p><a name="density_ratio"></a><b>density_ratio</b></p>
	12178
	12179
	12180
[354]	12181
	12182
[108]	12183	</td>
	12184
	12185
[354]	12186
	12187
[108]	12188	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td>
	12189
	12190
	12191
[354]	12192
	12193
[108]	12194	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	12195
	12196
[354]	12197
	12198
[108]	12199	<p><i>0.0, 9</i>
	12200	*<br>
	12201
	12202
[354]	12203
	12204
[108]	12205	<i>9999999.9</i></p>
	12206
	12207
[354]	12208
	12209
[108]	12210	</td>
	12211
	12212
[354]	12213
	12214
[108]	12215	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	12216
	12217
[354]	12218
	12219
[108]	12220	<p>Ratio of the density
[48]	12221	of the fluid and the density of the
[108]	12222	particles. </p>
	12223
	12224
[354]	12225
	12226
[108]	12227
	12228
	12229
[354]	12230
	12231
[108]	12232	<p>With the default value<i> </i>the
[5]	12233	particles are weightless and transported passively with the resolved
	12234	scale flow.
[48]	12235	In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">density_ratio</span>
	12236	/=
[5]	12237	0.0 particles have a mass and hence inertia so that their velocity
	12238	deviates more or less from the velocity of the surrounding flow.
	12239	Particle velocity is calculated analytically and depends on (besides
	12240	the density ratio and the current velocity difference between particles
	12241	and surrounding fluid) the
	12242	particle radius which is determined via <a href="#radius">radius</a>
	12243	as well as on the molecular viscosity (assumed as 1.461E-5 m<sup>2</sup>/s).
[108]	12244	</p>
	12245
	12246
[354]	12247
	12248
[108]	12249
	12250
	12251
[354]	12252
	12253
[108]	12254	<p>If <b>density_ratio</b> = <i>1.0</i>,
[48]	12255	the particle density
[5]	12256	corresponds to the density of the surrounding fluid and the particles
	12257	do not feel any buoyancy. Otherwise, particles will be accelerated
	12258	upwards (<b>density_ratio</b> > <i>1.0</i>)
	12259	or downwards (<b>density_ratio</b> < <i>1.0</i>).<br>
[108]	12260
	12261
	12262
[354]	12263
	12264
[108]	12265	</p>
	12266
	12267
[354]	12268
	12269
[108]	12270
	12271
	12272
[354]	12273
	12274
[108]	12275	<p>With several groups of particles (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#number_of_particle_groups">number_of_particle_groups</a>),
[48]	12276	each group can be assigned a different value. If the number of values
	12277	given for <span style="font-weight: bold;">density_ratio</span>
	12278	is less than the number of
[5]	12279	groups defined by <span style="font-weight: bold;">number_of_particle_groups</span>,
	12280	then the last assigned value is used for all remaining groups. This
[48]	12281	means that by default the particle density ratio for all groups will be
[108]	12282	<span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span>.</p>
	12283
	12284
	12285
[354]	12286
	12287
[108]	12288	</td>
	12289
	12290
[354]	12291
	12292
[108]	12293	</tr>
	12294
	12295
[354]	12296
	12297
[108]	12298	<tr>
	12299
	12300
[354]	12301
	12302
[108]	12303	<td align="left" valign="top"><a name="dt_dopts"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dopts</span></td>
	12304
	12305
[354]	12306
	12307
[108]	12308	<td align="left" valign="top">R</td>
	12309
	12310
[354]	12311
	12312
[108]	12313	<td align="left" valign="top"><i>value of  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
	12314
	12315
[354]	12316
	12317
[108]	12318	output</a></i></td>
	12319
	12320
[354]	12321
	12322
[108]	12323	<td align="left" valign="top">
	12324
	12325
[354]	12326
	12327
[108]	12328	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	12329	interval</font> at which time series data of particle quantities
	12330	shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). </font></p>
[108]	12331
	12332
	12333
[354]	12334
	12335
[108]	12336	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If
[48]	12337	particle advection is switched on (see</font></span><font><span style="font-family: thorndale;"> <a href="#dt_prel">dt_prel</a>)
	12338	this parameter can be used to assign
[5]	12339	th</span></font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">e temporal
[48]	12340	interval at which time series of particle quantities shall be output.
[108]	12341	Output is written in NetCDF format on local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF</a>.<br>
	12342
	12343
[354]	12344
	12345
[108]	12346	<br>
	12347
	12348
[354]	12349
	12350
[108]	12351	The
[5]	12352	following list gives a short description of the quantities
	12353	available. Most quantities are averages over all particles. The
	12354	quantity name given in the first column is identical to the respective
[48]	12355	name of the variable on the NetCDF file (see section <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a> for a general
[108]	12356	description of the NetCDF files).<br>
	12357
	12358
[354]	12359
	12360
[108]	12361	<br>
	12362
	12363
[354]	12364
	12365
[108]	12366	In case of using
[48]	12367	more than one particle group (see <a href="#number_of_particle_groups">number_of_particle_groups</a>),
[5]	12368	seperate time series are output for each of the groups. The long names
	12369	of the variables in the NetCDF file containing the respective
[48]	12370	timeseries all end with the string</font><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: monospace;">' PG ##'</span><font face="Thorndale">, where ## is the number of the particle
[108]	12371	group (<span style="font-style: italic;">01</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">02</span>, etc.). <br>
	12372
	12373
[354]	12374
	12375
[108]	12376	</font></span>
	12377
	12378
[354]	12379
	12380
[108]	12381	<table style="text-align: left; width: 631px; height: 652px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	12382
	12383
[354]	12384
	12385
[108]	12386	<tbody>
	12387
	12388
[354]	12389
	12390
[108]	12391	<tr>
	12392
	12393
[354]	12394
	12395
[108]	12396	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">tnpt</span></td>
	12397
	12398
[354]	12399
	12400
[108]	12401	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">total number of
	12402	particles</td>
	12403
	12404
[354]	12405
	12406
[108]	12407	</tr>
	12408
	12409
[354]	12410
	12411
[108]	12412	<tr>
	12413
	12414
[354]	12415
	12416
[108]	12417	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">x_</span></td>
	12418
	12419
[354]	12420
	12421
[108]	12422	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">particle
	12423	x-coordinate with respect to the particle origin (in m)</td>
	12424
	12425
[354]	12426
	12427
[108]	12428	</tr>
	12429
	12430
[354]	12431
	12432
[108]	12433	<tr>
	12434
	12435
[354]	12436
	12437
[108]	12438	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">y_</span></td>
	12439
	12440
[354]	12441
	12442
[108]	12443	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">particle
	12444	y-coordinate with respect to the particle origin (in m)</td>
	12445
	12446
[354]	12447
	12448
[108]	12449	</tr>
	12450
	12451
[354]	12452
	12453
[108]	12454	<tr>
	12455
	12456
[354]	12457
	12458
[108]	12459	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">z_</span></td>
	12460
	12461
[354]	12462
	12463
[108]	12464	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">particle
	12465	z-coordinate with respect to the particle origin (in m)</td>
	12466
	12467
[354]	12468
	12469
[108]	12470	</tr>
	12471
	12472
[354]	12473
	12474
[108]	12475	<tr>
	12476
	12477
[354]	12478
	12479
[108]	12480	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">z_abs</span></td>
	12481
	12482
[354]	12483
	12484
[108]	12485	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">absolute
	12486	particle z-coordinate (in m)</td>
	12487
	12488
[354]	12489
	12490
[108]	12491	</tr>
	12492
	12493
[354]	12494
	12495
[108]	12496	<tr>
	12497
	12498
[354]	12499
	12500
[108]	12501	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u</span></td>
	12502
	12503
[354]	12504
	12505
[108]	12506	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">u particle
	12507	velocity component (in m/s)</td>
	12508
	12509
[354]	12510
	12511
[108]	12512	</tr>
	12513
	12514
[354]	12515
	12516
[108]	12517	<tr>
	12518
	12519
[354]	12520
	12521
[108]	12522	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">v</span></td>
	12523
	12524
[354]	12525
	12526
[108]	12527	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">v particle
	12528	velocity component (in m/s)</td>
	12529
	12530
[354]	12531
	12532
[108]	12533	</tr>
	12534
	12535
[354]	12536
	12537
[108]	12538	<tr>
	12539
	12540
[354]	12541
	12542
[108]	12543	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w</span></td>
	12544
	12545
[354]	12546
	12547
[108]	12548	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">w particle
	12549	velocity component (in m/s)</td>
	12550
	12551
[354]	12552
	12553
[108]	12554	</tr>
	12555
	12556
[354]	12557
	12558
[108]	12559	<tr>
	12560
	12561
[354]	12562
	12563
[108]	12564	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u"</span></td>
	12565
	12566
[354]	12567
	12568
[108]	12569	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">subgrid-scale u
	12570	particle velocity component (in m/s)</td>
	12571
	12572
[354]	12573
	12574
[108]	12575	</tr>
	12576
	12577
[354]	12578
	12579
[108]	12580	<tr>
	12581
	12582
[354]	12583
	12584
[108]	12585	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">v"</span></td>
	12586
	12587
[354]	12588
	12589
[108]	12590	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">subgrid-scale v
	12591	particle velocity component (in m/s)</td>
	12592
	12593
[354]	12594
	12595
[108]	12596	</tr>
	12597
	12598
[354]	12599
	12600
[108]	12601	<tr>
	12602
	12603
[354]	12604
	12605
[108]	12606	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w"</span></td>
	12607
	12608
[354]	12609
	12610
[108]	12611	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">subgrid-scale w
	12612	particle velocity component (in m/s)</td>
	12613
	12614
[354]	12615
	12616
[108]	12617	</tr>
	12618
	12619
[354]	12620
	12621
[108]	12622	<tr>
	12623
	12624
[354]	12625
	12626
[108]	12627	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">npt_up</span></td>
	12628
	12629
[354]	12630
	12631
[108]	12632	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">total number of
	12633	upward moving particles</td>
	12634
	12635
[354]	12636
	12637
[108]	12638	</tr>
	12639
	12640
[354]	12641
	12642
[108]	12643	<tr>
	12644
	12645
[354]	12646
	12647
[108]	12648	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w_up</span></td>
	12649
	12650
[354]	12651
	12652
[108]	12653	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">vertical
	12654	velocity of the upward moving particles (in m/s)</td>
	12655
	12656
[354]	12657
	12658
[108]	12659	</tr>
	12660
	12661
[354]	12662
	12663
[108]	12664	<tr>
	12665
	12666
[354]	12667
	12668
[108]	12669	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w_down</span></td>
	12670
	12671
[354]	12672
	12673
[108]	12674	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">vertical
	12675	velocity of the downward moving particles (in m/s)</td>
	12676
	12677
[354]	12678
	12679
[108]	12680	</tr>
	12681
	12682
[354]	12683
	12684
[108]	12685	<tr>
	12686
	12687
[354]	12688
	12689
[108]	12690	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">npt_max</span></td>
	12691
	12692
[354]	12693
	12694
[108]	12695	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">maximum number
	12696	of particles in a subdomain (=tnpt for non-parallel runs)</td>
	12697
	12698
[354]	12699
	12700
[108]	12701	</tr>
	12702
	12703
[354]	12704
	12705
[108]	12706	<tr>
	12707
	12708
[354]	12709
	12710
[108]	12711	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">npt_min</span></td>
	12712
	12713
[354]	12714
	12715
[108]	12716	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">minimum number
	12717	of particles in a subdomain (=tnpt for non-parallel runs)</td>
	12718
	12719
[354]	12720
	12721
[108]	12722	</tr>
	12723
	12724
[354]	12725
	12726
[108]	12727	<tr>
	12728
	12729
[354]	12730
	12731
[108]	12732	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">x*2</span></td>
	12733
	12734
[354]	12735
	12736
[108]	12737	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12738	particle x-coordinate with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">x_ </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12739
	12740
[354]	12741
	12742
[108]	12743	</tr>
	12744
	12745
[354]	12746
	12747
[108]	12748	<tr>
	12749
	12750
[354]	12751
	12752
[108]	12753	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">y*2</span></td>
	12754
	12755
[354]	12756
	12757
[108]	12758	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12759	particle y-coordinate with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">y_</span> (in m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12760
	12761
[354]	12762
	12763
[108]	12764	</tr>
	12765
	12766
[354]	12767
	12768
[108]	12769	<tr>
	12770
	12771
[354]	12772
	12773
[108]	12774	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">z*2</span></td>
	12775
	12776
[354]	12777
	12778
[108]	12779	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12780	particle z-coordinate with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">z_</span> (in m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12781
	12782
[354]	12783
	12784
[108]	12785	</tr>
	12786
	12787
[354]	12788
	12789
[108]	12790	<tr>
	12791
	12792
[354]	12793
	12794
[108]	12795	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u*2</span></td>
	12796
	12797
[354]	12798
	12799
[108]	12800	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12801	u particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12802
	12803
[354]	12804
	12805
[108]	12806	</tr>
	12807
	12808
[354]	12809
	12810
[108]	12811	<tr>
	12812
	12813
[354]	12814
	12815
[108]	12816	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">v*2</td>
	12817
	12818
[354]	12819
	12820
[108]	12821	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12822	v particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">v </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12823
	12824
[354]	12825
	12826
[108]	12827	</tr>
	12828
	12829
[354]	12830
	12831
[108]	12832	<tr>
	12833
	12834
[354]	12835
	12836
[108]	12837	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">w*2</td>
	12838
	12839
[354]	12840
	12841
[108]	12842	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12843	w particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12844
	12845
[354]	12846
	12847
[108]	12848	</tr>
	12849
	12850
[354]	12851
	12852
[108]	12853	<tr>
	12854
	12855
[354]	12856
	12857
[108]	12858	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">u"2</td>
	12859
	12860
[354]	12861
	12862
[108]	12863	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12864	subgrid-scale u particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u" </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12865
	12866
[354]	12867
	12868
[108]	12869	</tr>
	12870
	12871
[354]	12872
	12873
[108]	12874	<tr>
	12875
	12876
[354]	12877
	12878
[108]	12879	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">v"2</td>
	12880
	12881
[354]	12882
	12883
[108]	12884	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12885	subgrid-scale v particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">v" </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12886
	12887
[354]	12888
	12889
[108]	12890	</tr>
	12891
	12892
[354]	12893
	12894
[108]	12895	<tr>
	12896
	12897
[354]	12898
	12899
[108]	12900	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">w"2</td>
	12901
	12902
[354]	12903
	12904
[108]	12905	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12906	subgrid-scale w particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w" </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12907
	12908
[354]	12909
	12910
[108]	12911	</tr>
	12912
	12913
[354]	12914
	12915
[108]	12916	<tr>
	12917
	12918
[354]	12919
	12920
[108]	12921	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">npt*2</td>
	12922
	12923
[354]	12924
	12925
[108]	12926	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
[48]	12927	number of particles with respect to the average number of particles per
[108]	12928	subdomain</td>
	12929
	12930
[354]	12931
	12932
[108]	12933	</tr>
	12934
	12935
[354]	12936
	12937
[108]	12938
	12939
[354]	12940
	12941
[108]	12942	</tbody>
	12943
	12944
[354]	12945
	12946
[108]	12947	</table>
	12948
	12949
[354]	12950
	12951
[108]	12952	<span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span></td>
	12953
	12954
[354]	12955
	12956
[108]	12957	</tr>
	12958
	12959
[354]	12960
	12961
[108]	12962	<tr>
	12963
	12964
[354]	12965
	12966
[108]	12967	<td align="left" valign="top"><a name="dt_min_part"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_min_part</span></td>
	12968
	12969
[354]	12970
	12971
[108]	12972	<td align="left" valign="top">R</td>
	12973
	12974
[354]	12975
	12976
[108]	12977	<td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0002</span></td>
	12978
	12979
[354]	12980
	12981
[108]	12982	<td align="left" valign="top">Minimum value for the
	12983	particle timestep when SGS velocities are used (in s).<br>
	12984
	12985
[354]	12986
	12987
[108]	12988	<br>
	12989
	12990
[354]	12991
	12992
[108]	12993	For
	12994	a further explanation see package parameter <a href="#use_sgs_for_particles">use_sgs_for_particles</a>.</td>
	12995
	12996
[354]	12997
	12998
[108]	12999	</tr>
	13000
	13001
[354]	13002
	13003
	13004	<tr>
	13005
	13006	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="dt_sort_particles"></a>dt_sort_particles</span></td>
	13007
	13008	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	13009
	13010	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td>
	13011
	13012	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Temporal interval for sorting particles (in s).<br>
	13013
	13014	<br>
	13015
	13016	By
[116]	13017	default, particles are sorted in memory in a way that their order
	13018	follows the order in which the gridpoint values are stored. This may
	13019	improve cache coherence in case of larger numbers of particles and
	13020	gridpoints. However, since the sorting itself is time consuming and
	13021	since the requirement of sorting depends on the strength of mixing in
	13022	the flow, performance can be improved if the sorting is applied only
[354]	13023	after certain time intervals. The proper length of this interval <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_sort_particles</span> must be determined empirically by carrying out test runs with different intervals. Check file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#CPU_MEASURES">CPU_MEASURES</a> to find the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_sort_particles</span> which gives the best performance.<br>
[108]	13024
[354]	13025	<br>
[108]	13026
[354]	13027	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
[108]	13028
[354]	13029	In case of <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>, any given non-zero value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_sort_particles</span> will be reset to zero and a corresponding warning message will appear in the job protocol.</td>
	13030
	13031	</tr>
	13032
	13033	<tr>
	13034
	13035
	13036
	13037
	13038
[108]	13039	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13040
	13041
[354]	13042
	13043
[108]	13044	<p><a name="dt_write_particle_data"></a><b>dt_write_particle_</b>
	13045	<b>data</b></p>
	13046
	13047
[354]	13048
	13049
[108]	13050	</td>
	13051
	13052
[354]	13053
	13054
[108]	13055	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	13056
	13057
[354]	13058
	13059
[108]	13060	</td>
	13061
	13062
[354]	13063
	13064
[108]	13065	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
	13066
	13067
	13068
[354]	13069
	13070
[108]	13071	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13072
	13073
[354]	13074
	13075
[108]	13076	<p>Temporal
	13077	interval for output of particle data (in s). </p>
	13078
	13079
[354]	13080
	13081
[108]	13082
	13083
	13084
[354]	13085
	13086
[108]	13087	<p>T<span lang="en-GB"></span><a href="#pr1d"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">his
[5]	13088	parameter can be used to
	13089	assign the temporal interval at which particle data shall be output.</font></span>
	13090	Data are output to
	13091	the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_DATA">PARTICLE_DATA</a>.
[108]	13092	<span style="font-family: mon;">See the file description
[48]	13093	for more
[108]	13094	details about its format</span>. </p>
	13095
	13096
[354]	13097
	13098
[108]	13099
	13100
	13101
[354]	13102
	13103
[108]	13104	<p>By
	13105	default, no particle data are output.</p>
	13106
	13107
[354]	13108
	13109
[108]	13110	</td>
	13111
	13112
[354]	13113
	13114
[108]	13115	</tr>
	13116
	13117
	13118
[354]	13119
	13120
[266]	13121
[108]	13122
	13123
	13124	<tr>
	13125
	13126
[354]	13127
	13128
[108]	13129	<td align="left" valign="top"><a name="end_time_prel"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">end_time_prel</span></td>
	13130
	13131
[354]	13132
	13133
[108]	13134	<td align="left" valign="top">R</td>
	13135
	13136
[354]	13137
	13138
[108]	13139	<td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
	13140
	13141
[354]	13142
	13143
[108]	13144	<td align="left" valign="top">Time of the last release of
	13145	particles (in s).<br>
	13146
	13147
[354]	13148
	13149
[108]	13150	<br>
	13151
	13152
[354]	13153
	13154
[108]	13155	See also <a href="#particle_advection_start">particle_advection_start</a>.</td>
	13156
	13157
[354]	13158
	13159
[108]	13160	</tr>
	13161
	13162
[354]	13163
	13164
[108]	13165	<tr>
	13166
	13167
	13168
[354]	13169
	13170
[108]	13171	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="initial_weighting_factor"></a>initial_weighting_factor</span></td>
	13172
	13173
	13174
[354]	13175
	13176
[108]	13177	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	13178
	13179
[354]	13180
	13181
[108]	13182	</td>
	13183
	13184
[354]	13185
	13186
[108]	13187	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span><br>
	13188
	13189
[354]	13190
	13191
[108]	13192	</td>
	13193
	13194
	13195
[354]	13196
	13197
[108]	13198	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Factor to define the real
	13199	number of initial droplets in a grid box.<br>
	13200
	13201
[354]	13202
	13203
[108]	13204	<br>
	13205
	13206
	13207
[354]	13208
	13209
[5]	13210	In case of explicitly simulating cloud droplets (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>),
	13211	the real number of initial droplets in a grid box is equal to the
	13212	initial number of droplets in this box (defined by the particle source
	13213	parameters <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pst"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pst</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psl"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psl</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pss"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pss</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psn"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psn</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psb"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psb</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdx</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdy</font></span></a>
[108]	13214	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
	13215	</font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span>)
[48]	13216	times the <span style="font-weight: bold;">initial_weighting_factor</span>.</td>
[108]	13217
	13218
	13219
[354]	13220
	13221
[108]	13222	</tr>
	13223
	13224
[354]	13225
	13226
[108]	13227	<tr>
	13228
	13229
[354]	13230
	13231
[108]	13232	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13233
	13234
[354]	13235
	13236
[108]	13237	<p><a name="maximum_number_of_particles"></a><b>maximum_number_of_</b>
	13238	<br>
	13239
	13240
[354]	13241
	13242
[108]	13243	<b>particles</b></p>
	13244
	13245
[354]	13246
	13247
[108]	13248	</td>
	13249
	13250
[354]	13251
	13252
[108]	13253	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	13254
	13255
[354]	13256
	13257
[108]	13258	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1000</i></td>
	13259
	13260
	13261
[354]	13262
	13263
[108]	13264	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13265
	13266
[354]	13267
	13268
[108]	13269	<p>Maximum number
	13270	of particles (on a PE).  </p>
	13271
	13272
[354]	13273
	13274
[108]	13275
	13276
	13277
[354]	13278
	13279
[108]	13280	<p>This parameter
[48]	13281	allows to set the number of particles for which
[5]	13282	memory must be allocated at the beginning of the run.
	13283	If this memory becomes insufficient during the run, due to the
	13284	release of further particles (see <a href="#dt_prel">dt_prel</a>),
[108]	13285	then more memory is automatically allocated.<br>
	13286
	13287
[354]	13288
	13289
[108]	13290	</p>
	13291
	13292
	13293
[354]	13294
	13295
[5]	13296	For runs on several processors, <span style="font-weight: bold;">maximum_number_of_particles</span>
	13297	defines
	13298	the maximum number on each PE. This number must be larger than the
	13299	maximum number of particles initially released in a subdomain.</td>
[108]	13300
	13301
	13302
[354]	13303
	13304
[108]	13305	</tr>
	13306
	13307
[354]	13308
	13309
[108]	13310	<tr>
	13311
	13312
[354]	13313
	13314
[108]	13315	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13316
	13317
[354]	13318
	13319
[108]	13320	<p><a name="maximum_number_of_tailpoints"></a><b>maximum_number_of_</b>
	13321	<br>
	13322
	13323
[354]	13324
	13325
[108]	13326	<b>tailpoints</b></p>
	13327
	13328
[354]	13329
	13330
[108]	13331	</td>
	13332
	13333
[354]	13334
	13335
[108]	13336	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	13337
	13338
[354]	13339
	13340
[108]	13341	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100</i></td>
	13342
	13343
	13344
[354]	13345
	13346
[108]	13347	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13348
	13349
[354]	13350
	13351
[108]	13352	<p>Maximum number
[48]	13353	of tailpoints that a particle tail can
[108]	13354	have.  </p>
	13355
	13356
[354]	13357
	13358
[108]	13359
	13360
	13361
[354]	13362
	13363
[108]	13364	<p> <b>maximum_number_of_tailpoints</b>
[5]	13365	sets the number of descrete points the tail consists of. A new point is
	13366	added to the particle tails after each time step. If the maximum number
	13367	of tail
	13368	points is reached after the corresponding number of timesteps, the
	13369	oldest respective tail points is deleted within the following
[108]	13370	timestep.  </p>
	13371
	13372
[354]	13373
	13374
[108]	13375
	13376
	13377
[354]	13378
	13379
[108]	13380	<p>All particle tails have the
[48]	13381	same number of points. The maximum
[5]	13382	length of
	13383	these
	13384	tails is determined by the value of <b>maximum_number_of_tailpoints</b>
	13385	and by the minimum distance between each of the adjoining
	13386	tailpoints,  which can be set by <a href="#minimum_tailpoint_distance">minimum_tailpoint_distance</a>.
	13387	Additionally, it can be determined that the temporal displacement
	13388	between the current position of the particle and the oldest point of
	13389	the tail may become not larger than a value to be assigned by <a href="#maximum_tailpoint_age">maximum_tailpoint_age</a>.</p>
[108]	13390
	13391
	13392
[354]	13393
	13394
[108]	13395	</td>
	13396
	13397
[354]	13398
	13399
[108]	13400	</tr>
	13401
	13402
[354]	13403
	13404
[108]	13405	<tr>
	13406
	13407
[354]	13408
	13409
[108]	13410	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13411
	13412
[354]	13413
	13414
[108]	13415	<p><a name="maximum_tailpoint_age"></a><b>maximum_tailpoint_</b>
	13416	<br>
	13417
	13418
[354]	13419
	13420
[108]	13421	<b>age</b></p>
	13422
	13423
[354]	13424
	13425
[108]	13426	</td>
	13427
	13428
[354]	13429
	13430
[108]	13431	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	13432
	13433
[354]	13434
	13435
[108]	13436	<td style="vertical-align: top;">100000.0</td>
	13437
	13438
[354]	13439
	13440
[108]	13441	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13442
	13443
[354]	13444
	13445
[108]	13446	<p>Maximum age that the
[48]	13447	end point of a particle tail is allowed to have (in s).  </p>
[108]	13448
	13449
	13450
[354]	13451
	13452
[108]	13453
	13454
[354]	13455
	13456
[108]	13457	<p>If the temporal displacement between the oldest point of a
[5]	13458	particle tail and the current position of the particle becomes larger
[48]	13459	than the value given by <b>maximum_tailpoint_age</b>, this
	13460	oldest
[5]	13461	point (which defines the end of the tail) is
	13462	removed. If this time is so small that the number of points defining
	13463	the particle tail do not exceed the value given by <b>maximum_number_of_tailpoints</b>,
	13464	then the length the particle tails is a measure for the distance the
	13465	particle travelled along during the time interval defined via <b>maximum_tailpoint_age</b>,
	13466	i.e. for the
	13467	particle velocity. Fast particles will have long tails, slow particles
	13468	shorter ones (note: this will not neccessarily hold if <a href="#minimum_tailpoint_distance">minimum_tailpoint_distance</a>
[108]	13469	= <i>0.0</i>).</p>
	13470
	13471
[354]	13472
	13473
[108]	13474	</td>
	13475
	13476
[354]	13477
	13478
[108]	13479	</tr>
	13480
	13481
[354]	13482
	13483
[108]	13484	<tr>
	13485
	13486
	13487
[354]	13488
	13489
[108]	13490	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13491
	13492
[354]	13493
	13494
[108]	13495	<p><a name="minimum_tailpoint_distance"></a><b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b></p>
	13496
	13497
	13498
[354]	13499
	13500
[108]	13501	</td>
	13502
	13503
[354]	13504
	13505
[108]	13506	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	13507
	13508
	13509
[354]	13510
	13511
[108]	13512	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
	13513
	13514
	13515
[354]	13516
	13517
[108]	13518	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13519
	13520
[354]	13521
	13522
[108]	13523	<p>Minimum
[48]	13524	distance allowed between two adjacent points of a
[108]	13525	particle tail (in m).  </p>
	13526
	13527
[354]	13528
	13529
[108]	13530
	13531
	13532
[354]	13533
	13534
[108]	13535	<p>In case of <b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b>
[48]	13536	> <i>0.0 </i>the
[5]	13537	particle tail is extended by a new point only if the distance between
	13538	its current position and the most recent tail point exceed the
	13539	distance given via <b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b>.<br>
[108]	13540
	13541
	13542
[354]	13543
	13544
[108]	13545	</p>
	13546
	13547
[354]	13548
	13549
[108]	13550
	13551
	13552
[354]	13553
	13554
[108]	13555	<p>If the length of the particle tails shall be
[48]	13556	proportional to
[5]	13557	the respective particle velocity, the parameter <a href="#maximum_tailpoint_age">maximum_tailpoint_age</a>
[108]	13558	must also be set appropriately. </p>
	13559
	13560
[354]	13561
	13562
[108]	13563	<b>Note:</b><br>
	13564
	13565
	13566
[354]	13567
	13568
[5]	13569	A suitable choice of <b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b>
[48]	13570	> <i>0.0</i> is recommended, because then the tail
	13571	coordinates of
[5]	13572	slowly moving particles require less memory and can also be drawn
	13573	faster. The upper limit of <b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b>
	13574	should be chosen in a way that the visualized particle
	13575	tails still appear as smooth lines. Example: with a model domain of
	13576	1000 m and a monitor resolution of 1280 * 1024 pixels it
[48]	13577	should be sufficient to set <b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b>
	13578	= <i>5.0</i>
[108]	13579	(m). </td>
	13580
	13581
[354]	13582
	13583
[108]	13584	</tr>
	13585
	13586
[354]	13587
	13588
[108]	13589	<tr>
	13590
	13591
[354]	13592
	13593
[108]	13594	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="number_of_particle_groups"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">number_of_particle_groups</span><br>
	13595
	13596
	13597
[354]	13598
	13599
[108]	13600	</td>
	13601
	13602
[354]	13603
	13604
[108]	13605	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I<br>
	13606
	13607
[354]	13608
	13609
[108]	13610	</td>
	13611
	13612
	13613
[354]	13614
	13615
[108]	13616	<td style="vertical-align: top;">1<br>
	13617
	13618
[354]	13619
	13620
[108]	13621	</td>
	13622
	13623
[354]	13624
	13625
[108]	13626	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Number of particle groups to be
	13627	used.<br>
	13628
	13629
[354]	13630
	13631
[108]	13632	<br>
	13633
	13634
	13635
[354]	13636
	13637
[48]	13638	Each particle group can be assigned its own source region (see <a href="#pdx">pdx</a>, <a href="#psl">psl</a>,
[108]	13639	<a href="#psr">psr</a>, etc.), particle diameter (<a href="#radius">radius</a>) and particle density ratio (<a href="density_ratio">density_ratio</a>).<br>
	13640
	13641
[354]	13642
	13643
[108]	13644	<br>
	13645
	13646
[354]	13647
	13648
[108]	13649	If
[48]	13650	less values are given for <a href="#pdx">pdx</a>, <a href="#psl">psl</a>,
[5]	13651	etc. than the number of particle groups, then the last value is used
	13652	for the remaining values (or the default value, if the user did not set
[108]	13653	the parameter).<br>
	13654
	13655
[354]	13656
	13657
[108]	13658	<br>
	13659
	13660
	13661
[354]	13662
	13663
[108]	13664	The maximum allowed number of particle groups is limited to <span style="font-style: italic;">10</span>.<br>
	13665
	13666
[354]	13667
	13668
[108]	13669	</td>
	13670
	13671
	13672
[354]	13673
	13674
[108]	13675	</tr>
	13676
	13677
[354]	13678
	13679
[108]	13680	<tr>
	13681
	13682
[354]	13683
	13684
[108]	13685	<td align="left" valign="top"><a name="particles_per_point"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">particles_per_point</span></td>
	13686
	13687
[354]	13688
	13689
[108]	13690	<td align="left" valign="top">I</td>
	13691
	13692
[354]	13693
	13694
[108]	13695	<td align="left" valign="top">1</td>
	13696
	13697
[354]	13698
	13699
[108]	13700	<td align="left" valign="top">Number of particles to be
	13701	started per point.<br>
	13702
	13703
[354]	13704
	13705
[108]	13706	<br>
	13707
	13708
[354]	13709
	13710
[108]	13711	By default, one particle is
[48]	13712	started at all points of the particle source, defined by <span style="font-family: Thorndale,serif;">the </span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">package
	13713	parameters </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pst"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pst</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psl"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psl</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pss"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pss</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psn"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psn</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psb"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psb</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdx</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdy</font></span></a>
[108]	13714	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
	13715	</font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">.</font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span></td>
	13716
	13717
[354]	13718
	13719
[108]	13720	</tr>
	13721
	13722
[354]	13723
	13724
[108]	13725	<tr>
	13726
	13727
[354]	13728
	13729
[108]	13730	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13731
	13732
[354]	13733
	13734
[108]	13735	<p><a name="particle_advection_start"></a><b>particle_advection_</b>
	13736	<br>
	13737
	13738
[354]	13739
	13740
[108]	13741	<b>start</b></p>
	13742
	13743
[354]	13744
	13745
[108]	13746	</td>
	13747
	13748
[354]	13749
	13750
[108]	13751	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R </td>
	13752
	13753
[354]	13754
	13755
[108]	13756	<td style="vertical-align: top;">0.0 </td>
	13757
	13758
[354]	13759
	13760
[108]	13761	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13762
	13763
[354]	13764
	13765
[108]	13766	<p>Time of the first
	13767	release of particles (in s). </p>
	13768
	13769
[354]	13770
	13771
[108]	13772
	13773
	13774
[354]	13775
	13776
[108]	13777	<p>If particles are not
[48]	13778	to be released at the beginning of the
[5]	13779	run, the release time can be set via <b>particle_advection_start</b>.<br>
[108]	13780
	13781
	13782
[354]	13783
	13784
[5]	13785	If particle transport is switched on in a restart run, then <a href="#read_particles_from_restartfile">read_particles_from_restartfile</a>
[48]	13786	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span> is
[108]	13787	also required.</p>
	13788
	13789
[354]	13790
	13791
[108]	13792
	13793
[354]	13794
	13795
[108]	13796	<p>See also <a href="#end_time_prel">end_time_prel</a>.
	13797	</p>
	13798
	13799
[354]	13800
	13801
[108]	13802	</td>
	13803
	13804
[354]	13805
	13806
[108]	13807	</tr>
	13808
	13809
[354]	13810
	13811
[108]	13812	<tr>
	13813
	13814
[354]	13815
	13816
[108]	13817	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13818
	13819
[354]	13820
	13821
[108]	13822	<p><a name="particle_maximum_age"></a><b>particle_maximum_age</b></p>
	13823
	13824
	13825
[354]	13826
	13827
[108]	13828	</td>
	13829
	13830
[354]	13831
	13832
[108]	13833	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R </td>
	13834
	13835
	13836
[354]	13837
	13838
[108]	13839	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i>
	13840	</td>
	13841
	13842
[354]	13843
	13844
[108]	13845	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13846
	13847
[354]	13848
	13849
[108]	13850	<p>Maximum
	13851	allowed age of particles (in s).  </p>
	13852
	13853
[354]	13854
	13855
[108]	13856
	13857
	13858
[354]	13859
	13860
[108]	13861	<p>If the
[48]	13862	age of a particle exceeds the time set by <b>particle_maximum_age</b>,
[108]	13863	the particle as well as its tail is deleted.</p>
	13864
	13865
[354]	13866
	13867
[108]	13868	</td>
	13869
	13870
[354]	13871
	13872
[108]	13873	</tr>
	13874
	13875
	13876
[354]	13877
	13878
[108]	13879	<tr>
	13880
	13881
[354]	13882
	13883
[108]	13884	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13885
	13886
[354]	13887
	13888
[108]	13889	<p><a name="pdx"></a><b>pdx</b></p>
	13890
	13891
[354]	13892
	13893
[108]	13894	</td>
	13895
	13896
	13897
[354]	13898
	13899
[108]	13900	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	13901
	13902
[354]	13903
	13904
[108]	13905	</td>
	13906
	13907
	13908
[354]	13909
	13910
[108]	13911	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * dx</i>
	13912	</td>
	13913
	13914
[354]	13915
	13916
[108]	13917	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13918
	13919
[354]	13920
	13921
[108]	13922	<p>Distance
[48]	13923	along x between particles within a particle source
[108]	13924	(in m).  </p>
	13925
	13926
[354]	13927
	13928
[108]	13929
	13930
	13931
[354]	13932
	13933
[108]	13934	<p>If the particle source shall be
[48]	13935	confined to one grid point,
	13936	the distances given by <span style="font-weight: bold;">pdx</span>,
[108]	13937	<a href="#pdy">pdy</a>
[5]	13938	and <a href="#pdz">pdz</a>
[48]	13939	must be set larger than the respective domain size or <a href="#psl">psl</a>
	13940	= <a href="#psr">psr</a> has to be set
	13941	alternatively.<br>
[108]	13942
	13943
	13944
[354]	13945
	13946
[108]	13947	</p>
	13948
	13949
[354]	13950
	13951
[108]	13952
	13953
	13954
[354]	13955
	13956
[108]	13957	<p><span style="font-weight: bold;">pdx</span>
[48]	13958	can be assigned a different value for each particle group (see <a href="#number_of_particle_groups">number_of_particle_groups</a>).<br>
[108]	13959
	13960
	13961
[354]	13962
	13963
[108]	13964	</p>
	13965
	13966
[354]	13967
	13968
[108]	13969	</td>
	13970
	13971
[354]	13972
	13973
[108]	13974	</tr>
	13975
	13976
[354]	13977
	13978
[108]	13979	<tr>
	13980
	13981
[354]	13982
	13983
[108]	13984	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13985
	13986
[354]	13987
	13988
[108]	13989	<p><a name="pdy"></a><b>pdy</b></p>
	13990
	13991
	13992
[354]	13993
	13994
[108]	13995	</td>
	13996
	13997
[354]	13998
	13999
[108]	14000	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	14001
	14002
	14003
[354]	14004
	14005
[108]	14006	</td>
	14007
	14008
[354]	14009
	14010
[108]	14011	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	14012	* dy</i> </td>
	14013
	14014
[354]	14015
	14016
[108]	14017	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Distance
[48]	14018	along y between
[5]	14019	particles within a
[108]	14020	particle source (in m).  </td>
	14021
	14022
[354]	14023
	14024
[108]	14025	</tr>
	14026
	14027
[354]	14028
	14029
[108]	14030	<tr>
	14031
	14032
	14033
[354]	14034
	14035
[108]	14036	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14037
	14038
[354]	14039
	14040
[108]	14041	<p><a name="pdz"></a><b>pdz</b></p>
	14042
	14043
[354]	14044
	14045
[108]	14046	</td>
	14047
	14048
	14049
[354]	14050
	14051
[108]	14052	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	14053
	14054
	14055
[354]	14056
	14057
[108]	14058	</td>
	14059
	14060
[354]	14061
	14062
[108]	14063	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	14064	* ( zu(2) - zu(1) )</i> </td>
	14065
	14066
[354]	14067
	14068
[108]	14069	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Distance along z between
[5]	14070	particles within a particle source
[108]	14071	(in m). </td>
	14072
	14073
[354]	14074
	14075
[108]	14076	</tr>
	14077
	14078
[354]	14079
	14080
[108]	14081	<tr>
	14082
	14083
[354]	14084
	14085
[108]	14086	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14087
	14088
[354]	14089
	14090
[108]	14091	<p><a name="psb"></a><b>psb</b></p>
	14092
	14093
	14094
[354]	14095
	14096
[108]	14097	</td>
	14098
	14099
[354]	14100
	14101
[108]	14102	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	14103
	14104
	14105
[354]	14106
	14107
[108]	14108	</td>
	14109
	14110
[354]	14111
	14112
[108]	14113	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	14114	* zu(nz/2)</i> </td>
	14115
	14116
[354]	14117
	14118
[108]	14119	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Bottom
[48]	14120	edge of a particle
[108]	14121	source (in m). </td>
	14122
	14123
[354]	14124
	14125
[108]	14126	</tr>
	14127
	14128
[354]	14129
	14130
[108]	14131	<tr>
	14132
	14133
[354]	14134
	14135
[108]	14136	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14137
	14138
[354]	14139
	14140
[108]	14141	<p><a name="psl"></a><b>psl</b></p>
	14142
	14143
	14144
[354]	14145
	14146
[108]	14147	</td>
	14148
	14149
[354]	14150
	14151
[108]	14152	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	14153
	14154
	14155
[354]	14156
	14157
[108]	14158	</td>
	14159
	14160
[354]	14161
	14162
[108]	14163	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	14164	* 0.0</i> </td>
	14165
	14166
[354]	14167
	14168
[108]	14169	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Left
[48]	14170	edge of a particle source
[108]	14171	(in m). </td>
	14172
	14173
[354]	14174
	14175
[108]	14176	</tr>
	14177
	14178
[354]	14179
	14180
[108]	14181	<tr>
	14182
	14183
[354]	14184
	14185
[108]	14186	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14187
	14188
[354]	14189
	14190
[108]	14191	<p><a name="psn"></a><b>psn</b></p>
	14192
	14193
	14194
[354]	14195
	14196
[108]	14197	</td>
	14198
	14199
[354]	14200
	14201
[108]	14202	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	14203
	14204
	14205
[354]	14206
	14207
[108]	14208	</td>
	14209
	14210
[354]	14211
	14212
[108]	14213	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	14214	* (ny * dy)</i> </td>
	14215
	14216
[354]	14217
	14218
[108]	14219	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Rear
[493]	14220	(“north”) edge of a
[108]	14221	particle source (in m). </td>
	14222
	14223
[354]	14224
	14225
[108]	14226	</tr>
	14227
	14228
[354]	14229
	14230
[108]	14231	<tr>
	14232
	14233
[354]	14234
	14235
[108]	14236	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14237
	14238
[354]	14239
	14240
[108]	14241	<p><a name="psr"></a><b>psr</b></p>
	14242
	14243
	14244
[354]	14245
	14246
[108]	14247	</td>
	14248
	14249
[354]	14250
	14251
[108]	14252	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	14253
	14254
	14255
[354]	14256
	14257
[108]	14258	</td>
	14259
	14260
[354]	14261
	14262
[108]	14263	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	14264	* (nx * dx)</i> </td>
	14265
	14266
[354]	14267
	14268
[108]	14269	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Right
[48]	14270	edge of a particle
[108]	14271	source (in m). </td>
	14272
	14273
[354]	14274
	14275
[108]	14276	</tr>
	14277
	14278
[354]	14279
	14280
[108]	14281	<tr>
	14282
	14283
[354]	14284
	14285
[108]	14286	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14287
	14288
[354]	14289
	14290
[108]	14291	<p><a name="pss"></a><b>pss</b></p>
	14292
	14293
	14294
[354]	14295
	14296
[108]	14297	</td>
	14298
	14299
[354]	14300
	14301
[108]	14302	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	14303
	14304
	14305
[354]	14306
	14307
[108]	14308	</td>
	14309
	14310
[354]	14311
	14312
[108]	14313	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	14314	* 0.0</i> </td>
	14315
	14316
[354]	14317
	14318
[108]	14319	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Front
[493]	14320	(“south”) edge of a
[108]	14321	particle source (in m). </td>
	14322
	14323
[354]	14324
	14325
[108]	14326	</tr>
	14327
	14328
[354]	14329
	14330
[108]	14331	<tr>
	14332
	14333
[354]	14334
	14335
[108]	14336	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14337
	14338
[354]	14339
	14340
[108]	14341	<p><a name="pst"></a><b>pst</b></p>
	14342
	14343
	14344
[354]	14345
	14346
[108]	14347	</td>
	14348
	14349
[354]	14350
	14351
[108]	14352	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	14353
	14354
	14355
[354]	14356
	14357
[108]	14358	</td>
	14359
	14360
[354]	14361
	14362
[108]	14363	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	14364	* zu(nz/2)</i> </td>
	14365
	14366
[354]	14367
	14368
[108]	14369	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Top
[48]	14370	edge of a particle source
[108]	14371	(in m). </td>
	14372
	14373
[354]	14374
	14375
[108]	14376	</tr>
	14377
	14378
[354]	14379
	14380
[108]	14381	<tr>
	14382
	14383
[354]	14384
	14385
[108]	14386	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14387
	14388
[354]	14389
	14390
[108]	14391	<p><a name="radius"></a><b>radius</b></p>
	14392
	14393
	14394
[354]	14395
	14396
[108]	14397	</td>
	14398
	14399
[354]	14400
	14401
[108]	14402	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td>
	14403
	14404
	14405
[354]	14406
	14407
[108]	14408	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0, 9</i>*<br>
	14409
	14410
	14411
[354]	14412
	14413
[108]	14414	<i>9999999.9</i></td>
	14415
	14416
[354]	14417
	14418
[108]	14419	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Particle radius (in m).<br>
	14420
	14421
	14422
[354]	14423
	14424
[108]	14425	<br>
	14426
	14427
[354]	14428
	14429
[108]	14430	The viscous friction (in case of a velocity difference
[61]	14431	between
[5]	14432	particles and surrounding fluid) depends on the particle radius which
	14433	must be assigned as soon as <a href="chapter_4.2.html#density_ratio">density_ratio</a>
[108]	14434	/= <i>0.0</i>.<br>
	14435
	14436
[354]	14437
	14438
[108]	14439	<br>
	14440
	14441
	14442
[354]	14443
	14444
[48]	14445	With several groups of particles (see <a href="#number_of_particle_groups">number_of_particle_groups</a>),
	14446	each group can be assigned a different value. If the number of values
	14447	given for <span style="font-weight: bold;">radius</span>
	14448	is less than the number of
[5]	14449	groups defined by <span style="font-weight: bold;">number_of_particle_groups</span>,
	14450	then the last assigned value is used for all remaining groups. This
[108]	14451	means that by default the particle radius for all groups will be <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span>.<br>
	14452
	14453
[354]	14454
	14455
[108]	14456	</td>
	14457
	14458
	14459
[354]	14460
	14461
[108]	14462	</tr>
	14463
	14464
[354]	14465
	14466
[108]	14467	<tr>
	14468
	14469
[354]	14470
	14471
[108]	14472	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14473
	14474
[354]	14475
	14476
[108]	14477	<p><a name="random_start_position"></a><b>random_start_position</b></p>
	14478
	14479
	14480
[354]	14481
	14482
[108]	14483	</td>
	14484
	14485
[354]	14486
	14487
[108]	14488	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	14489
	14490
[354]	14491
	14492
[108]	14493	</td>
	14494
	14495
	14496
[354]	14497
	14498
[108]	14499	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i> </td>
	14500
	14501
	14502
[354]	14503
	14504
[108]	14505	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14506
	14507
[354]	14508
	14509
[493]	14510	<p><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><font color="#000000">Initial position of the</font></span>
[48]	14511	particles is
[108]	14512	varied randomly within certain limits.  </p>
	14513
	14514
[354]	14515
	14516
[108]	14517
	14518
	14519
[354]	14520
	14521
[108]	14522	<p>By
[48]	14523	default, the initial positions of particles within the
[5]	14524	source excatly correspond with the positions given by <a href="#psl">psl</a>,
[108]	14525	<a href="#psr">psr</a>, <a href="#psn">psn</a>,
	14526	<a href="#pss">pss</a>, <a href="#psb">psb</a>,
	14527	<a href="#pst">pst</a>, <a href="#pdx">pdx</a>,
	14528	<a href="#pdy">pdy</a>,
[5]	14529	and<a href="#pdz">
[48]	14530	pdz</a>. With <b>random_start_position</b> = <i>.T.
[108]	14531	</i>the initial
[5]	14532	positions of the particles are allowed to randomly vary from these
[108]	14533	positions within certain limits.  </p>
	14534
	14535
[354]	14536
	14537
[108]	14538
	14539
	14540
[354]	14541
	14542
[108]	14543	<p><b>Very
	14544	important:<br>
	14545
	14546
[354]	14547
	14548
[108]	14549	</b>In case of <b>random_start_position</b>
[48]	14550	= <i>.T.</i>, the
[5]	14551	random-number generators on the individual PEs no longer
	14552	run synchronously. If random disturbances are applied to the velocity
	14553	field
[48]	14554	(see <a href="#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>),
[108]	14555	<font color="#000000">then as consequence for parallel
[48]	14556	runs the
[5]	14557	realizations of the turbulent flow
	14558	fields will deviate between runs which used different numbers of PEs!</font></p>
[108]	14559
	14560
	14561
[354]	14562
	14563
[108]	14564	</td>
	14565
	14566
[354]	14567
	14568
[108]	14569	</tr>
	14570
	14571
[354]	14572
	14573
[108]	14574	<tr>
	14575
	14576
[354]	14577
	14578
[108]	14579	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14580
	14581
[354]	14582
	14583
[108]	14584	<p><a name="read_particles_from_restartfile"></a><b>read_particles_from_</b>
	14585	<br>
	14586
	14587
[354]	14588
	14589
[108]	14590	<b>restartfile</b></p>
	14591
	14592
[354]	14593
	14594
[108]	14595	</td>
	14596
	14597
[354]	14598
	14599
[108]	14600	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	14601
	14602
[354]	14603
	14604
[108]	14605	</td>
	14606
	14607
[354]	14608
	14609
[108]	14610	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i> </td>
	14611
	14612
	14613
[354]	14614
	14615
[108]	14616	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14617
	14618
[354]	14619
	14620
[108]	14621	<p>Read particle
	14622	data from the previous run.  </p>
	14623
	14624
[354]	14625
	14626
[108]	14627
	14628
	14629
[354]	14630
	14631
[108]	14632	<p>By default,
[48]	14633	with restart runs particle data is read
[5]	14634	from file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN</a>,
	14635	which is created by the preceding run. If this is not requested or if
	14636	in a restart run particle transport is switched on for the
	14637	first time (see <a href="#particle_advection_start">particle_advection_start</a>),
	14638	then <b>read_particles_from_restartfile</b> = <i>.F.</i>
[108]	14639	is required.</p>
	14640
	14641
[354]	14642
	14643
[108]	14644	</td>
	14645
	14646
[354]	14647
	14648
[108]	14649	</tr>
	14650
	14651
[354]	14652
	14653
[108]	14654	<tr>
	14655
	14656
[354]	14657
	14658
[108]	14659	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_particles_for_tail"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_particles_for_tail</span><br>
	14660
	14661
	14662
[354]	14663
	14664
[108]	14665	</td>
	14666
	14667
[354]	14668
	14669
[108]	14670	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I<br>
	14671
	14672
[354]	14673
	14674
[108]	14675	</td>
	14676
	14677
	14678
[354]	14679
	14680
[262]	14681	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">100</span><br>
[108]	14682
	14683
[354]	14684
	14685
[108]	14686	</td>
	14687
	14688
	14689
[354]	14690
	14691
[108]	14692	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Limit the number of
	14693	particle tails.<br>
	14694
	14695
[354]	14696
	14697
[108]	14698	<br>
	14699
	14700
	14701
[354]	14702
	14703
[48]	14704	If particle tails are switched on (see <a href="#use_particle_tails">use_particle_tails</a>),
	14705	every particle is given a tail by default. <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_particles_for_tail </span>can
[108]	14706	be used to give only every n'th particle a tail.<br>
	14707
	14708
[354]	14709
	14710
[108]	14711	<br>
	14712
	14713
[354]	14714
	14715
[108]	14716	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	14717
	14718
[354]	14719
	14720
[108]	14721	<span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_particles_for_tail</span>
[48]	14722	= <span style="font-style: italic;">10</span> means
[108]	14723	that only every 10th particle will be given a tail.<br>
	14724
	14725
[354]	14726
	14727
[108]	14728	</td>
	14729
	14730
	14731
[354]	14732
	14733
[108]	14734	</tr>
	14735
	14736
[354]	14737
	14738
[108]	14739	<tr>
	14740
	14741
[354]	14742
	14743
[108]	14744	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="use_particle_tails"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_particle_tails</span><br>
	14745
	14746
	14747
[354]	14748
	14749
[108]	14750	</td>
	14751
	14752
[354]	14753
	14754
[108]	14755	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	14756
	14757
[354]	14758
	14759
[108]	14760	</td>
	14761
	14762
	14763
[354]	14764
	14765
[108]	14766	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span><br>
	14767
	14768
[354]	14769
	14770
[108]	14771	</td>
	14772
	14773
	14774
[354]	14775
	14776
[108]	14777	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Give particles a tail.<br>
	14778
	14779
	14780
[354]	14781
	14782
[108]	14783	<br>
	14784
	14785
[354]	14786
	14787
[108]	14788	A particle tail is defined by the path a particle has moved
[5]	14789	along starting from some point of time in the past. It consists of a
	14790	set of descrete points in space which may e.g. be connected by a line
[108]	14791	in order visualize how the particle has moved.<br>
	14792
	14793
[354]	14794
	14795
[108]	14796	<br>
	14797
	14798
	14799
[354]	14800
	14801
[48]	14802	By default, particles have no tail. Parameter <a href="#skip_particles_for_tail">skip_particles_for_tail</a>
[108]	14803	can be used to give only every n'th particle a tail.<br>
	14804
	14805
[354]	14806
	14807
[108]	14808	<br>
	14809
	14810
	14811
[354]	14812
	14813
[48]	14814	The length of the tail is controlled by parameters <a href="#maximum_number_of_tailpoints">maximum_number_of_tailpoints</a>, <a href="#maximum_tailpoint_age">maximum_tailpoint_age</a>,
	14815	and <a href="#minimum_tailpoint_distance">minimum_tailpoint_distance</a>.<br>
[108]	14816
	14817
	14818
[354]	14819
	14820
[108]	14821	</td>
	14822
	14823
[354]	14824
	14825
[108]	14826	</tr>
	14827
	14828
[354]	14829
	14830
[108]	14831	<tr>
	14832
	14833
[354]	14834
	14835
[108]	14836	<td align="left" valign="top"><a name="use_sgs_for_particles"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_sgs_for_particles</span></td>
	14837
	14838
[354]	14839
	14840
[108]	14841	<td align="left" valign="top">L</td>
	14842
	14843
[354]	14844
	14845
[108]	14846	<td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td>
	14847
	14848
[354]	14849
	14850
[108]	14851	<td align="left" valign="top">Use subgrid-scale
	14852	velocities for particle advection.<br>
	14853
	14854
[354]	14855
	14856
[108]	14857	<br>
	14858
	14859
[354]	14860
	14861
[108]	14862	These
[5]	14863	velocities are calculated from the resolved and subgrid-scale TKE using
	14864	the Monte-Carlo random-walk method described by Weil et al. (2004, JAS,
	14865	61,
	14866	2877-2887). When using this method, the timestep for the advancement of
	14867	the particles is limited by the so-called Lagrangian time scale. This
	14868	may be smaller than the current LES timestep so that several particle
	14869	(sub-) timesteps have to be carried out within one LES timestep. In
	14870	order to limit the number of sub-timesteps (and to limit the CPU-time),
	14871	the minimum value for the particle timestep is defined by the package
[108]	14872	parameter <a href="#dt_min_part">dt_min_part</a>.<br>
	14873
	14874
[354]	14875
	14876
[108]	14877	<br>
	14878
	14879
[354]	14880
	14881
[108]	14882	Setting
	14883	<span style="font-weight: bold;">use_sgs_for_particles</span>
[48]	14884	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>
	14885	automatically forces <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_upstream_for_tke">use_upstream_for_tke</a>
	14886	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>.
[5]	14887	This inhibits the occurrence of large (artificial) spatial gradients of
	14888	the subgrid-scale TKE which otherwise would lead to wrong results for
[108]	14889	the particle advection.</td>
	14890
	14891
[354]	14892
	14893
[108]	14894	</tr>
	14895
	14896
[354]	14897
	14898
[108]	14899	<tr>
	14900
	14901
[354]	14902
	14903
[108]	14904	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14905
	14906
[354]	14907
	14908
[108]	14909	<p><a name="vertical_particle_advection"></a><b>vertical_particle_</b>
	14910	<br>
	14911
	14912
[354]	14913
	14914
[108]	14915	<b>advection</b></p>
	14916
	14917
[354]	14918
	14919
[108]	14920	</td>
	14921
	14922
[354]	14923
	14924
[108]	14925	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	14926
	14927
[354]	14928
	14929
[108]	14930	</td>
	14931
	14932
[354]	14933
	14934
[108]	14935	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i> </td>
	14936
	14937
	14938
[354]	14939
	14940
[108]	14941	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14942
	14943
[354]	14944
	14945
[108]	14946	<p>Switch on/off
	14947	vertical particle transport. </p>
	14948
	14949
[354]	14950
	14951
[108]	14952
	14953
	14954
[354]	14955
	14956
[108]	14957	<p>By default,
[48]	14958	particles are transported along all three
	14959	directions in space. With <b>vertical_particle_advection</b>
	14960	= <i>.F., </i>the
[108]	14961	particles will only be transported horizontally.</p>
	14962
	14963
[354]	14964
	14965
[108]	14966	</td>
	14967
	14968
	14969
[354]	14970
	14971
[108]	14972	</tr>
	14973
	14974
[354]	14975
	14976
[108]	14977	<tr>
	14978
	14979
[354]	14980
	14981
[108]	14982	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14983
	14984
[354]	14985
	14986
[108]	14987	<p><a name="write_particle_statistics"></a><b>write_particle_</b>
	14988	<br>
	14989
	14990
[354]	14991
	14992
[108]	14993	<b>statistics</b></p>
	14994
	14995
[354]	14996
	14997
[108]	14998	</td>
	14999
	15000
[354]	15001
	15002
[108]	15003	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	15004
	15005
[354]	15006
	15007
[108]	15008	</td>
	15009
	15010
[354]	15011
	15012
[108]	15013	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i> </td>
	15014
	15015
	15016
[354]	15017
	15018
[108]	15019	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15020
	15021
[354]	15022
	15023
[108]	15024	<p>Switch on/off
	15025	output of particle informations.<br>
	15026
	15027
[354]	15028
	15029
[108]	15030	</p>
	15031
	15032
[354]	15033
	15034
[108]	15035
	15036
	15037
[354]	15038
	15039
[108]	15040	<p><br>
	15041
	15042
	15043
[354]	15044
	15045
[5]	15046	For <span style="font-weight: bold;">write_particle_statistics</span>
	15047	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> s<span style="font-family: thorndale,serif;">tatistical
	15048	informations</span> (e.g. the total number of particles used, the
	15049	number of particles exchanged between the PEs, etc.) which may be used
	15050	for debugging are output to the
	15051	local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_DATA">PARTICLE_INFOS</a>.
[108]	15052	</p>
	15053
	15054
[354]	15055
	15056
[108]	15057
	15058
	15059
[354]	15060
	15061
[108]	15062	<p><b>Note:</b> For parallel runs files
[48]	15063	may become very large
[108]	15064	and performance of PALM may decrease.</p>
	15065
	15066
[354]	15067
	15068
[108]	15069	</td>
	15070
	15071
[354]	15072
	15073
[108]	15074	</tr>
	15075
	15076
	15077
[354]	15078
	15079
[108]	15080
	15081
[354]	15082
	15083
[108]	15084	</tbody>
	15085	</table>
	15086
	15087
[354]	15088
	15089
[108]	15090	<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
	15091
	15092
	15093
[354]	15094
	15095
[108]	15096	</span><br>
	15097
	15098
[354]	15099
	15100
[108]	15101	<h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><a name="Paketparameter"></a>Package
	15102	parameters: </h3>
	15103
	15104
[354]	15105
	15106
[108]	15107	<br>
	15108
	15109
[354]	15110
	15111
[108]	15112	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Package
[48]	15113	(<span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> option
	15114	-p): <span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="dvrp_graphics"></a>dvrp_graphics</span>
[5]	15115
	15116	NAMELIST group name: <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp_graphics_par<br>
[108]	15117
	15118
	15119
[354]	15120
	15121
[108]	15122	<br>
	15123
	15124
[354]	15125
	15126
[108]	15127	</span></span>
	15128	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	15129
	15130
[354]	15131
	15132
[108]	15133	<tbody>
	15134
	15135
[354]	15136
	15137
[108]	15138	<tr>
	15139
	15140
	15141
[354]	15142
	15143
[108]	15144	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter
	15145	name</b></font></td>
	15146
	15147
[354]	15148
	15149
[108]	15150	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
	15151
	15152
	15153
[354]	15154
	15155
[108]	15156	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15157
	15158
[354]	15159
	15160
[108]	15161	<p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br>
	15162
	15163
[354]	15164
	15165
[108]	15166	<b><font size="4">value</font></b></p>
	15167
	15168
[354]	15169
	15170
[108]	15171	</td>
	15172
	15173
	15174
[354]	15175
	15176
[108]	15177	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td>
	15178
	15179
	15180
[354]	15181
	15182
[108]	15183	</tr>
	15184
	15185
[354]	15186
	15187
	15188	<tr>
	15189
	15190	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="clip_dvrp_l"></a>clip_dvrp_l</span></td>
	15191
	15192	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	15193
	15194	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td>
	15195
	15196	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Left boundary of the displayed domain (in m).<br>
	15197
	15198	<br>
	15199
	15200	This
[266]	15201	parameter can be used to restrict the display of the total horizontal
	15202	domain, e.g. to reduce the data size of the dvr-output in order to
[354]	15203	speed-up the animated sequence.</td>
	15204
	15205	</tr>
	15206
	15207	<tr>
	15208
	15209	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="clip_dvrp_n"></a>clip_dvrp_n</span></td>
	15210
	15211	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	15212
	15213	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">(<a href="chapter_4.1.html#ny">ny</a>+1)*<a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a></span></td>
	15214
	15215	<td style="vertical-align: top;">North boundary of the displayed domain (in m).<br>
	15216
	15217	<br>
	15218
	15219	This parameter can
[266]	15220	be used to restrict the display of the total horizontal domain, e.g. to
	15221	reduce the data size of the dvr-output in order to speed-up the
[354]	15222	animated sequence.</td>
	15223
	15224	</tr>
	15225
	15226	<tr>
	15227
	15228	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="clip_dvrp_r"></a>clip_dvrp_r</span></td>
	15229
	15230	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	15231
	15232	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">(<a href="chapter_4.1.html#nx">nx</a>+1)*<a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a></span></td>
	15233
	15234	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Right boundary of the displayed domain (in m).<br>
	15235
	15236	<br>
	15237
	15238	This parameter can
[266]	15239	be used to restrict the display of the total horizontal domain, e.g. to
	15240	reduce the data size of the dvr-output in order to speed-up the
[354]	15241	animated sequence.</td>
	15242
	15243	</tr>
	15244
	15245	<tr>
	15246
	15247	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="clip_dvrp_s"></a>clip_dvrp_s</span></td>
	15248
	15249	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	15250
	15251	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td>
	15252
	15253	<td style="vertical-align: top;">South boundary of the displayed domain (in m).<br>
	15254
	15255	<br>
	15256
	15257	This parameter can
[266]	15258	be used to restrict the display of the total horizontal domain, e.g. to
	15259	reduce the data size of the dvr-output in order to speed-up the
[354]	15260	animated sequence.</td>
	15261
	15262	</tr>
	15263
	15264	<tr>
	15265
	15266	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="cluster_size"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">cluster_size</span></td>
	15267
	15268	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	15269
	15270	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1</span></td>
	15271
	15272	<td>Vertex cluster size for polygon reduction of topography.<br>
	15273
	15274	<br>
	15275
	15276	This
[237]	15277	parameter can be used to reduce the number of polygones which form the
	15278	topography isosurface. In case of large numerical grids (large number
	15279	of gridpoints) and /or complex topography, cluster_size > 1 may
	15280	speed up the animation significantly. Disadvantage: buildings may loose
[354]	15281	their strict rectangular shape.<br>
[108]	15282
[354]	15283	<br>
[108]	15284
[354]	15285	The allowed range of values is 1 <= <span style="font-weight: bold;">cluster_size</span> <= 5.<br>
	15286
	15287	<br>
	15288
	15289	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Warning:</span> The allowed range of values is not checked. Wrong values may lead to unforseen effects or even aborts! </td>
	15290
	15291	</tr>
	15292
	15293	<tr>
	15294
	15295	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="color_interval"></a>color_interval</span></td>
	15296
	15297	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R(2)</td>
	15298
	15299	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0, 1.0</span></td>
	15300
	15301	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Interval of values used for determining the particle color displayed in the animation.<br>
	15302
	15303	<br>
	15304
	15305	See <a href="#particle_color">particle_color</a> for further explanation.</td>
	15306
	15307	</tr>
	15308
	15309	<tr>
	15310
	15311
	15312
	15313
[108]	15314	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15315
	15316
[354]	15317
	15318
[108]	15319	<p><a name="dt_dvrp"></a><b>dt_dvrp</b></p>
	15320
	15321
	15322
[354]	15323
	15324
[108]	15325	</td>
	15326
	15327
[354]	15328
	15329
[108]	15330	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	15331
	15332
	15333
[354]	15334
	15335
[108]	15336	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
	15337
	15338
	15339
[354]	15340
	15341
[108]	15342	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15343
	15344
[354]	15345
	15346
[108]	15347	<p>Temporal
[48]	15348	interval of scenes to be displayed with the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> software (in
[108]	15349	s).  </p>
	15350
	15351
[354]	15352
	15353
[108]	15354
	15355
	15356
[354]	15357
	15358
[108]	15359	<p>Isosurfaces, cross sections and
[48]	15360	particles can be displayed
[5]	15361	simultaneous. The display of particles requires that the particle
	15362	transport is switched on (see <a href="#dt_prel">dt_prel</a>).
[108]	15363	Objects to be displayed have to be determined with <a href="#mode_dvrp">mode_dvrp</a>. </p>
	15364
	15365
[354]	15366
	15367
[108]	15368
	15369
	15370
[354]	15371
	15372
[108]	15373	<p>If
[48]	15374	output of scenes created by dvrp software is switched on
[5]	15375	(see <a href="#mode_dvrp">mode_dvrp</a>),
	15376	this parameter can be used to assign the temporal interval at which
[48]	15377	scenes are to be created (and the respective  graphical data
	15378	is to
[5]	15379	be output to the streaming server). <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference time is the beginning of
	15380	the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <b>dt_dvrp</b>,
[48]	15381	2<b>dt_dvrp</b>, 3<b>dt_dvrp</b>, etc. The
	15382	actual output times can
	15383	deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).
	15384	Is <b>dt_dvrp</b> < </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">, then
	15385	scenes are created and
[5]	15386	output after each time step (if this is requested it should be <b>dt_dvrp</b>
[108]	15387	= <i>0</i>).</font></span> </p>
	15388
	15389
[354]	15390
	15391
[108]	15392	</td>
	15393
	15394
	15395
[354]	15396
	15397
[108]	15398	</tr>
	15399
	15400
	15401
	15402
[354]	15403	<tr>
	15404
	15405	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="dvrpsize_interval"></a>dvrpsize_interval</span></td>
	15406
	15407	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R(2)</td>
	15408
	15409	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0, 1.0</span></td>
	15410
	15411	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Interval of values used for determining the particle size displayed in the animation.<br>
	15412
	15413	<br>
	15414
	15415	See <a href="#particle_dvrpsize">particle_dvrpsize</a> for further explanation.</td>
	15416
	15417	</tr>
	15418
	15419	<tr>
	15420
	15421
	15422
	15423
[108]	15424	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15425
	15426
[354]	15427
	15428
[108]	15429	<p><a name="dvrp_directory"></a><b>dvrp_directory</b></p>
	15430
	15431
	15432
[354]	15433
	15434
[108]	15435	</td>
	15436
	15437
[354]	15438
	15439
[108]	15440	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
	15441
	15442
	15443
[354]	15444
	15445
[108]	15446	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'default'</i></td>
	15447
	15448
	15449
[354]	15450
	15451
[108]	15452	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15453
	15454
[354]	15455
	15456
[108]	15457	<p>Name of the
[48]	15458	directory into which data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[108]	15459	software shall be saved.  </p>
	15460
	15461
[354]	15462
	15463
[108]	15464
	15465
	15466
[354]	15467
	15468
[108]	15469	<p>By default,
[48]	15470	the directory name is generated from the user
[5]	15471	name
	15472	(see package parameter <a href="#dvrp_username">dvrp_username</a>)
[48]	15473	and the base file name (given as the argument of <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> option -d) as <span style="font-style: italic;">'<user
[108]	15474	name>/<base file name>'</span>.</p>
	15475
	15476
[354]	15477
	15478
[108]	15479	</td>
	15480
	15481
	15482
[354]	15483
	15484
[108]	15485	</tr>
	15486
	15487
[354]	15488
	15489
[108]	15490	<tr>
	15491
	15492
[354]	15493
	15494
[108]	15495	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15496
	15497
[354]	15498
	15499
[108]	15500	<p><a name="dvrp_file"></a><b>dvrp_file</b></p>
	15501
	15502
	15503
[354]	15504
	15505
[108]	15506	</td>
	15507
	15508
[354]	15509
	15510
[108]	15511	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
	15512
	15513
	15514
[354]	15515
	15516
[108]	15517	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'default'</i></td>
	15518
	15519
	15520
[354]	15521
	15522
[108]	15523	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15524
	15525
[354]	15526
	15527
[108]	15528	<p>Name of the
[48]	15529	file into which data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[108]	15530	software shall be output.  </p>
	15531
	15532
[354]	15533
	15534
[108]	15535
	15536
	15537
[354]	15538
	15539
[108]	15540	<p>This
[48]	15541	parameter can be given a value only in case of <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
	15542	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'local'</span><i>
[108]	15543	</i>which
[5]	15544	determines that the data created by <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
	15545	is output to a local file (on the machine where PALM is executed).
	15546	Apart from the default, it is only allowed to assign <span style="font-style: italic;">'/dev/null'</span> (which
	15547	means that no output is really stored). This can be used for special
	15548	runtime measurements of the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[108]	15549	software.</p>
	15550
	15551
[354]	15552
	15553
[108]	15554	</td>
	15555
	15556
[354]	15557
	15558
[108]	15559	</tr>
	15560
	15561
[354]	15562
	15563
[108]	15564	<tr>
	15565
	15566
[354]	15567
	15568
[108]	15569	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15570
	15571
[354]	15572
	15573
[108]	15574	<p><a name="dvrp_host"></a><b>dvrp_host</b></p>
	15575
	15576
	15577
[354]	15578
	15579
[108]	15580	</td>
	15581
	15582
[354]	15583
	15584
[108]	15585	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
	15586
	15587
	15588
[354]	15589
	15590
[108]	15591	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15592
	15593
[354]	15594
	15595
[108]	15596	<p><i>'origin.rvs.</i>
	15597	<br>
	15598
	15599
[354]	15600
	15601
[108]	15602	u<i>ni- hanover.de'</i></p>
	15603
	15604
[354]	15605
	15606
[108]	15607	</td>
	15608
	15609
[354]	15610
	15611
[108]	15612	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15613
	15614
[354]	15615
	15616
[108]	15617	<p>Name of the computer
[48]	15618	to which data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
	15619	software shall be
[108]	15620	transferred.  </p>
	15621
	15622
[354]	15623
	15624
[108]	15625
	15626
	15627
[354]	15628
	15629
[108]	15630	<p>In case of <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
[48]	15631	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'rtsp'</span>
	15632	only the default
[5]	15633	value is allowed (streaming server of
	15634	the RRZN). For <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
[48]	15635	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'local'</span><i>
[108]	15636	</i>the
	15637	assigned value is ignored.</p>
	15638
	15639
[354]	15640
	15641
[108]	15642	</td>
	15643
	15644
[354]	15645
	15646
[108]	15647	</tr>
	15648
	15649
[354]	15650
	15651
[108]	15652	<tr>
	15653
	15654
	15655
[354]	15656
	15657
[108]	15658	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15659
	15660
[354]	15661
	15662
[108]	15663	<p><a name="dvrp_output"></a><b>dvrp_output</b></p>
	15664
	15665
	15666
[354]	15667
	15668
[108]	15669	</td>
	15670
	15671
[354]	15672
	15673
[108]	15674	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10</td>
	15675
	15676
	15677
[354]	15678
	15679
[108]	15680	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'rtsp'</i></td>
	15681
	15682
	15683
[354]	15684
	15685
[108]	15686	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15687
	15688
[354]	15689
	15690
[108]	15691	<p>Output mode
[48]	15692	for the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[108]	15693	software. <br>
	15694
	15695
[354]	15696
	15697
[108]	15698	<br>
	15699
	15700
[354]	15701
	15702
[108]	15703	</p>
	15704
	15705
	15706
[354]	15707
	15708
[108]	15709	The following settings are allowed:<br>
	15710
	15711
[354]	15712
	15713
[108]	15714	<br>
	15715
	15716
[354]	15717
	15718
[108]	15719
	15720
	15721
[354]	15722
	15723
[108]	15724	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	15725
	15726
[354]	15727
	15728
[108]	15729	<tbody>
	15730
	15731
[354]	15732
	15733
[108]	15734	<tr>
	15735
	15736
[354]	15737
	15738
[108]	15739	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'rtsp'</i></td>
	15740
	15741
	15742
[354]	15743
	15744
[108]	15745	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[5]	15746	software is transferred using
	15747	a special transmission protocol to a so-called streaming server, which
	15748	is able to continuously transfer visualization data with a
	15749	high transmission rate.  <br>
[108]	15750
	15751
	15752
[354]	15753
	15754
[5]	15755	Additionally, with this output mode a
	15756	set of files is generated automatically
	15757	within a directory on the streaming server (beside the visualization
	15758	data e.g. some html-files) which can be used to
	15759	visualize the data via an internet-browser plugin. Host
	15760	(streaming-server) and directory can be defined by the user with <a href="#dvrp_host">dvrp_host</a>
	15761	and <a href="#dvrp_directory">dvrp_directory</a>.</td>
[108]	15762
	15763
	15764
[354]	15765
	15766
[108]	15767	</tr>
	15768
	15769
[354]	15770
	15771
[108]	15772	<tr>
	15773
	15774
[354]	15775
	15776
[108]	15777	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'ftp'</i></td>
	15778
	15779
	15780
[354]	15781
	15782
[108]	15783	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[5]	15784	software is transferred to the destination host (see <a href="#dvrp_host">dvrp_host</a>
	15785	and <a href="#dvrp_directory">dvrp_directory</a>)
[108]	15786	using ftp.</td>
	15787
	15788
[354]	15789
	15790
[108]	15791	</tr>
	15792
	15793
[354]	15794
	15795
[108]	15796	<tr>
	15797
	15798
[354]	15799
	15800
[108]	15801	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'local'</i></td>
	15802
	15803
	15804
[354]	15805
	15806
[108]	15807	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[5]	15808	software is output locally on a file defined by <a href="#dvrp_file">dvrp_file
[108]	15809	</a>.</td>
	15810
	15811
[354]	15812
	15813
[108]	15814	</tr>
	15815
	15816
[354]	15817
	15818
[108]	15819
	15820
	15821
[354]	15822
	15823
[108]	15824	</tbody>
	15825
	15826
[354]	15827
	15828
[108]	15829	</table>
	15830
	15831
[354]	15832
	15833
[108]	15834	<br>
	15835
	15836
	15837
[354]	15838
	15839
[108]	15840	</td>
	15841
	15842
[354]	15843
	15844
[108]	15845	</tr>
	15846
	15847
[354]	15848
	15849
[108]	15850	<tr>
	15851
	15852
[354]	15853
	15854
[108]	15855	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15856
	15857
[354]	15858
	15859
[108]	15860	<p><a name="dvrp_password"></a><b>dvrp_password</b></p>
	15861
	15862
	15863
[354]	15864
	15865
[108]	15866	</td>
	15867
	15868
[354]	15869
	15870
[108]	15871	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
	15872
	15873
	15874
[354]	15875
	15876
[108]	15877	<td style="vertical-align: top;">'********'</td>
	15878
	15879
[354]	15880
	15881
[108]	15882	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15883
	15884
[354]	15885
	15886
[108]	15887	<p>Password for the
[48]	15888	computer to which data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> software is to
	15889	be
[108]	15890	transferred.  </p>
	15891
	15892
[354]	15893
	15894
[108]	15895
	15896
	15897
[354]	15898
	15899
[108]	15900	<p>Assigning a password is
[48]	15901	only necessary in case of <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
	15902	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'ftp'</span>.
	15903	For <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
	15904	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'rtsp'</span><i>
[108]	15905	</i>the default
	15906	value must not be changed!</p>
	15907
	15908
[354]	15909
	15910
[108]	15911	</td>
	15912
	15913
[354]	15914
	15915
[108]	15916	</tr>
	15917
	15918
[354]	15919
	15920
	15921	<tr>
	15922
	15923	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15924
	15925	<p><a name="dvrp_psize"></a><b>dvrp_psize</b></p>
	15926
	15927	</td>
	15928
	15929	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	15930
	15931	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.2 * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a></span></td>
	15932
	15933	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15934
	15935	<p>Diameter that particles are given in visualizations with
[266]	15936	the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
	15937	software (in
	15938	m).  </p>
[108]	15939
	15940
[354]	15941
	15942
[266]	15943
	15944
	15945
[354]	15946
	15947
[266]	15948	<p>In case that particles are
	15949	visualized with the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
	15950	software (see <a href="chapter_4.5.7.html">chapter
	15951	4.5.7</a>), their size can be set by parameter <b>dvrp_psize</b>.
	15952	All
	15953	particles are displayed with this same size.<br>
[108]	15954
[266]	15955
[354]	15956
	15957
[266]	15958	</p>
	15959
	15960
[354]	15961
	15962
[266]	15963
	15964
	15965
[354]	15966
	15967
	15968	<p>Alternatively, the particle size can be controlled by certain flow parameters using parameter <a href="#particle_dvrpsize">particle_dvrpsize</a>.</p>
	15969
	15970
	15971	<p>Another way to control
[266]	15972	the particles diameter is to set it with the
	15973	user-interface in routine <span style="font-family: monospace;">user_init_particles</span>
	15974	(at the beginning of the simulation) and/or to redefine it after each
	15975	timestep in routine <tt>user<font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">_particle_attributes</font></tt>. </p>
	15976
	15977
	15978
[354]	15979
	15980
[266]	15981
	15982
[354]	15983
	15984
[266]	15985	<p><b>Note:</b> This parameter determines exclusively
	15986	the size
	15987	under which particles appear in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
	15988	visualization. The flow relevant particle radius is determined via the
[354]	15989	particle parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#radius">radius</a>!</p>
[266]	15990
[354]	15991	</td>
[266]	15992
[354]	15993	</tr>
[266]	15994
[354]	15995	<tr>
	15996
	15997
	15998
	15999
	16000
[108]	16001	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16002
	16003
[354]	16004
	16005
[108]	16006	<p><a name="dvrp_username"></a><b>dvrp_username</b></p>
	16007
	16008
	16009
[354]	16010
	16011
[108]	16012	</td>
	16013
	16014
[354]	16015
	16016
[108]	16017	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
	16018
	16019
	16020
[354]	16021
	16022
[108]	16023	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	16024
	16025
[354]	16026
	16027
[108]	16028	</td>
	16029
	16030
[354]	16031
	16032
[108]	16033	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16034
	16035
[354]	16036
	16037
[108]	16038	<p>User name of a valid
[48]	16039	account on the computer to which data
	16040	created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
	16041	software
[5]	16042	is to be
[108]	16043	transferred.  </p>
	16044
	16045
[354]	16046
	16047
[108]	16048
	16049
	16050
[354]	16051
	16052
[108]	16053	<p>Assigning a value to this
[48]	16054	parameter is required in case of <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
	16055	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'rtsp'</span>
	16056	or <span style="font-style: italic;">'ftp'</span>.</p>
[108]	16057
	16058
	16059
[354]	16060
	16061
[108]	16062	</td>
	16063
	16064
[354]	16065
	16066
[108]	16067	</tr>
	16068
	16069
[354]	16070
	16071
	16072	<tr>
	16073
	16074	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="groundplate_color"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">groundplate_color</span></td>
	16075
	16076	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R(3)</td>
	16077
	16078	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0, 0.6, 0.0</span></td>
	16079
	16080	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Color of the ground plate.<br>
	16081
	16082	<br>
	16083
	16084	The color is given in RGB (red/green/blue) portions. The default color of the ground plate is green.</td>
	16085
	16086	</tr>
	16087
	16088	<tr>
	16089
	16090	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="isosurface_color"></a>isosurface_color</span></td>
	16091
	16092	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R(3,10)</td>
	16093
	16094	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.9, 0.9, 0.9</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
	16095
	16096	<span style="font-style: italic;">0.8, 0.1, 0.1</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
	16097
	16098	<span style="font-style: italic;">0.1, 0.1, 0.8<br>
	16099
	16100	0.1, 0.8, 0.1<br>
	16101
	16102	0.6, 0.1, 0.1<br>
	16103
	16104	0.1, 0.1, 0.6<br>
	16105
	16106	0.1, 0.6, 0.1<br>
	16107
	16108	0.4, 0.1, 0.1<br>
	16109
	16110	0.1, 0.1, 0.4<br>
	16111
	16112	0.1, 0.4, 0.1</span></td>
	16113
	16114	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Color of the isosurface(s).<br>
	16115
	16116	<br>
	16117
	16118	Colors
[336]	16119	are given in RGB (red/green/blue) portions. By default, the first
	16120	isosurface has a gray color, the second a red color, the third a blue
[354]	16121	color, etc.</td>
[108]	16122
[354]	16123	</tr>
[108]	16124
[354]	16125	<tr>
	16126
	16127
	16128
	16129
[108]	16130	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16131
	16132
[354]	16133
	16134
[108]	16135	<p><a name="mode_dvrp"></a><b>mode_dvrp</b></p>
	16136
	16137
	16138
[354]	16139
	16140
[108]	16141	</td>
	16142
	16143
[354]	16144
	16145
[108]	16146	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20
	16147	<br>
	16148
	16149
[354]	16150
	16151
[108]	16152	(10)</td>
	16153
	16154
[354]	16155
	16156
[108]	16157	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	16158	* ''</i></td>
	16159
	16160
[354]	16161
	16162
[108]	16163	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16164
	16165
[354]	16166
	16167
[108]	16168	<p>Graphical objects (isosurfaces, slicers, particles) which are
[5]	16169	to be created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[108]	16170	software.  </p>
	16171
	16172
[354]	16173
	16174
[108]	16175
	16176
	16177
[354]	16178
	16179
[108]	16180	<p>Several different objects can
[48]	16181	be assigned simultaneously and
[130]	16182	will be displayed in the same scene. Allowed values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">mode_dvrp</span> are <span style="font-style: italic;">'isosurface##'</span>
	16183	(isosurface), <span style="font-style: italic;">'slicer##'</span>
[5]	16184	(cross sections), and <span style="font-style: italic;">'particles'</span>.
[130]	16185	Within the strings the hash characters ("##") have to be replaced by two
[493]	16186	digits 01≤##≤99. Up to 10 objects
[129]	16187	can be assigned at the same time, e.g.:  </p>
[108]	16188
	16189
[354]	16190
	16191
[108]	16192
	16193
	16194
[354]	16195
	16196
[108]	16197	<blockquote><b>mode_dvrp</b>
[130]	16198	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'isosurface02'</span><i>,
	16199	'slicer01',
	16200	'particles', 'slicer02'</i></blockquote>
[108]	16201
	16202
[354]	16203
	16204
[108]	16205
	16206
	16207
[354]	16208
	16209
[108]	16210	<p>In this
[48]	16211	case one isosurface, two cross sections, and particles
[129]	16212	will be created. The quantities for which isosurfaces or cross sections are to be
[5]	16213	created have to be selected with
[129]	16214	the parameter <a href="#data_output">data_output</a> (<span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span>
[48]	16215	also determines the
[129]	16216	orientation of the cross section, thus xy, xz, or yz). Since for <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>lists of
[48]	16217	variables may be
[130]	16218	assigned, the digits at the end of the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mode_dvrp</span>-string
	16219	select the quantity, which is given
	16220	at the respective position in the respective list (e.g. <span style="font-style: italic;">'isosurface02'</span>
[129]	16221	selects the second 3D quantity
[130]	16222	of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'slicer01'</span> selects the first 2D quantity
[129]	16223	of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span>).
	16224	If e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span> is assigned as <b>data_output</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'u_xy'</span><i>,
	16225	'w_xz', 'v_yz'</i>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt'</span><i>,
	16226	'u', 'w'</i>, then - assuming the above assignment of <span style="font-weight: bold;">mode_dvrp</span> - an
[48]	16227	isosurface of u, a
[5]	16228	horizontal cross section of u and
[129]	16229	a vertical cross section (xz) of w are created. For locations of the
[5]	16230	cross sections see <a href="#data_output">data_output</a>.
	16231	The theshold value for which the isosurface is
[336]	16232	to be created can be defined with parameter <a href="#threshold">threshold</a>. The isosurface color is controlled by parameter <a href="#isosurface_color">isosurface_color</a>.<br>
[108]	16233
	16234
	16235
[354]	16236
	16237
[108]	16238	</p>
	16239
	16240
[354]	16241
	16242
[108]	16243
	16244
	16245
[354]	16246
	16247
	16248	<p>The particles color and size can be set using parameters <a href="#particle_color">particle_color</a> and <a href="#particle_dvrpsize">particle_dvrpsize</a>.</p>
	16249
	16250
	16251	<p>The vertical extension of the displayed domain is
	16252	given by <a href="#nz_do3d">nz_do3d</a>.</p>
	16253
	16254
	16255	<p>The displayed horizontal domain can be restricted using parameters <a href="#clip_dvrp_l">clip_dvrp_l</a>, <a href="#clip_dvrp_r">clip_dvrp_r</a>, <a href="#clip_dvrp_n">clip_dvrp_n</a>, <a href="#clip_dvrp_s">clip_dvrp_s</a>.</p>
	16256
	16257
	16258	<p>If user-defined dvrp objects exist (see <a href="chapter_3.5.4.html">chapter 3.5.4</a>), then <span style="font-weight: bold;">mode_dvrp</span> may also refer to quantities selected with the parameter <a href="chapter_4.3.html#data_output_user">data_output_user</a> (internally PALM appends them to those selected with
[130]	16259	the parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>).
[108]	16260
	16261
[354]	16262	</p>
	16263
	16264
	16265	<p><b>Assignments
[48]	16266	of mode_dvrp must correspond to those of data_output
[5]	16267	and
[130]	16268	data_output_user! </b>If e.g. <b>data_output</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt_xy'</span>,<span style="font-style: italic;"> 'w'</span><i> </i>was set, then only the digits "01" are allowed
[48]	16269	for <b>mode_dvrp</b>,
[130]	16270	thus <span style="font-style: italic;">'isosurface01'</span>
	16271	and/or <span style="font-style: italic;">'slicer01'</span><i>.</i>
[108]	16272	</p>
	16273
	16274
[354]	16275
	16276
[108]	16277
	16278
	16279
[354]	16280
	16281
[108]	16282	<p>Further details about using the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> software are
[48]	16283	given in <a href="chapter_4.5.7.html">chapter
[108]	16284	4.5.7</a>.<br>
	16285
	16286
[354]	16287
	16288
[108]	16289	</p>
	16290
	16291
[354]	16292
	16293
[108]	16294	<b>Note:</b><br>
	16295
	16296
	16297
[354]	16298
	16299
[336]	16300	The declaration of color charts to be
[130]	16301	used still have to be given "manually" in subroutine <a href="chapter_3.4.html#user_dvrp_coltab"><span style="font-family: monospace;">user_dvrp_coltab</span></a>
[336]	16302	(file <tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">user_dvrp_coltab.f90</font></tt>).
[108]	16303
	16304
[354]	16305	</td>
[108]	16306
	16307
	16308
[354]	16309
	16310
[108]	16311	</tr>
	16312
	16313
[354]	16314
	16315
	16316	<tr>
	16317
	16318	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a style="font-weight: bold;" name="particle_color"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">particle_color</span></td>
	16319
	16320	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10</td>
	16321
	16322	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'none'</span></td>
	16323
	16324	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter, which allows to bind the displayed particle color to certain flow quantities.<br>
	16325
	16326	<br>
	16327
	16328	By default, particles have a black color.<br>
	16329
	16330	<br>
	16331
	16332	Allowed values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">particle_color</span> are:<br>
	16333
	16334	<br>
	16335
	16336
	16337	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	16338
	16339	<tbody>
	16340
	16341	<tr>
	16342
	16343	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'absuv'</span></td>
	16344
	16345	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Particle color depends on the absolute value of the resolved-scale horizontal velocity (SQRT(u<sup>2</sup>+v<sup>2</sup>) at the particle position.</td>
	16346
	16347	</tr>
	16348
	16349	<tr>
	16350
	16351	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'pt*'</span></td>
	16352
	16353	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Particle
[266]	16354	color depends on the deviation of the resolved-scale potential
	16355	temperature at the particle position from the horizontally averaged
[354]	16356	potential temperature (total domain).</td>
	16357
	16358	</tr>
	16359
	16360	<tr>
	16361
	16362	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'z'</span></td>
	16363
	16364	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Particle color depends on the height of the particle with respect to the bottom boundary (z=0).</td>
	16365
	16366	</tr>
	16367
	16368
	16369	</tbody>
	16370
	16371	</table>
	16372
	16373	<br>
	16374
	16375	The
[266]	16376	colortable used for particles ranges from deep blue to deep red with
	16377	yellow in between. The interval of values from the above listed
[354]	16378	quantities to be mapped to these colors is defined by parameter <a href="#color_interval">color_interval</a>.<br>
[108]	16379
[354]	16380	<br>
[108]	16381
[354]	16382	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:<br>
	16383
	16384	</span>If <span style="font-weight: bold;">particle_color</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt'</span> and <a href="#color_interval">color_interval</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-0.5</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">+0.5</span>, then all particles at positions with <span style="font-style: italic;">pt </span><=<span style="font-style: italic;"> -0.5 K</span> will have a deep blue color and those at positions with <span style="font-style: italic;">pt</span> >= <span style="font-style: italic;">+0.5 K</span> will have a deep red color, while those with <span style="font-style: italic;">-0.5</span> < <span style="font-style: italic;">pt</span> < <span style="font-style: italic;">+0.5</span> will vary in color from deep blue to deep red and transition from yellow to blue indicate <span style="font-style: italic;">pt*</span> ~ <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span>.</td>
	16385
	16386	</tr>
	16387
	16388	<tr>
	16389
	16390	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="particle_dvrpsize"></a>particle_dvrpsize</span></td>
	16391
	16392	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10</td>
	16393
	16394	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'none'</span></td>
	16395
	16396	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter, which allows to bind the displayed particle size to certain flow quantities.<br>
	16397
	16398	<br>
	16399
	16400	The default particle size (diameter) is determined with parameter <a href="#dvrp_psize">dvrp_psize</a>.<br>
	16401
	16402	<br>
	16403
	16404	Allowed values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">particle_dvrpsize</span> are:<br>
	16405
	16406
	16407	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	16408
	16409	<tbody>
	16410
	16411	<tr>
	16412
	16413	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'absw'</span></td>
	16414
	16415	<td style="vertical-align: top;">The particle size depends on the absolute value of the resolved-scale vertical velocity w at the particle position.</td>
	16416
	16417	</tr>
	16418
	16419
	16420	</tbody>
	16421
	16422	</table>
	16423
	16424	<br>
	16425
	16426	The particle sizes ranges from 0.25<a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> m to 0.85<a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> m. The interval of values from the above listed quantities to be mapped to these sizes is defined by parameter <a href="#dvrpsize_interval">dvrpsize_interval</a>.<br>
	16427
	16428	<br>
	16429
	16430	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	16431
	16432	If <span style="font-weight: bold;">particle_dvrpsize</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'absw'</span> and <a href="#dvrpsize_interval">dvrpsize_interval</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">2.0</span>, then all particles at positions where the absolute value of w is <= <span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span> m/s will have a size of <span style="font-style: italic;">0.25dx</span> m and those at positions with \|w\| >= <span style="font-style: italic;">2.0</span> m/s will have a size of <span style="font-style: italic;">0.85dx</span> m, while those with <span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span> m/s < \|w\| < <span style="font-style: italic;">2.0</span> m/s will linearly vary in size from <span style="font-style: italic;">0.25dx</span> m to <span style="font-style: italic;">0.85dx</span> m.</td>
	16433
	16434	</tr>
	16435
	16436	<tr>
	16437
	16438
	16439
	16440
[108]	16441	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="slicer_range_limits_dvrp"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">slicer_range_limits_<br>
	16442
	16443
	16444
[354]	16445
	16446
[108]	16447	dvrp</span></td>
	16448
	16449
[354]	16450
	16451
[108]	16452	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R(2,10)</td>
	16453
	16454
	16455
[354]	16456
	16457
[108]	16458	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10
	16459	* (-1,1)</span></td>
	16460
	16461
[354]	16462
	16463
[108]	16464	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ranges
[5]	16465	of values to which a color table has to be mapped (units of the
[108]	16466	respective quantity).<br>
	16467
	16468
[354]	16469
	16470
[108]	16471	<br>
	16472
	16473
	16474
[354]	16475
	16476
[5]	16477	In case that slicers have to be displayed (see <a href="#threshold">mode_dvrp</a>),
	16478	this parameter defines the ranges of values of the respective
	16479	quantities to which the colortable in use has to be mapped. If e.g. a
	16480	temperature slice shall be displayed, the colortable defines colors
	16481	from blue to red, and <span style="font-weight: bold;">slicer_range_limits_dvrp</span>
	16482	= 290.0, 305.0 then areas with temperature of 290 K are displayed in
	16483	dark blue and those with 305.0 are displayed in dark red. Temperatures
	16484	within these limits will be displayed by a continuous color gradient
	16485	from blue to red and Temperatures outside the limits will
[108]	16486	be displayed either in dark blue or in dark red.<br>
	16487
	16488
[354]	16489
	16490
[108]	16491	<br>
	16492
	16493
	16494
[354]	16495
	16496
[5]	16497	Up to ten different ranges can be assigned in case that more than one
[108]	16498	slicer has to be displayed.<br>
	16499
	16500
[354]	16501
	16502
[108]	16503	<br>
	16504
	16505
	16506
[354]	16507
	16508
[5]	16509	See <a href="#threshold">mode_dvrp</a>
[108]	16510	for the declaration of color charts.</td>
	16511
	16512
[354]	16513
	16514
[108]	16515	</tr>
	16516
	16517
[354]	16518
	16519
[108]	16520	<tr>
	16521
	16522
	16523
[354]	16524
	16525
[108]	16526	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16527
	16528
[354]	16529
	16530
[108]	16531	<p><a name="superelevation"></a><b>superelevation</b></p>
	16532
	16533
	16534
[354]	16535
	16536
[108]	16537	</td>
	16538
	16539
[354]	16540
	16541
[108]	16542	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	16543
	16544
	16545
[354]	16546
	16547
[108]	16548	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.0</i></td>
	16549
	16550
	16551
[354]	16552
	16553
[108]	16554	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16555
	16556
[354]	16557
	16558
[108]	16559	<p>Superelevation
	16560	factor for the vertical coordinate.  </p>
	16561
	16562
[354]	16563
	16564
[108]	16565
	16566
	16567
[354]	16568
	16569
[108]	16570	<p>For
[48]	16571	domains with unfavorable ratio between the vertical and
[5]	16572	the horizontal size
	16573	(the vertical size is determined by <a href="#nz_do3d">nz_do3d</a>)
[48]	16574	a <span style="font-weight: bold;">superelevation</span>
	16575	/= <span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span> may
	16576	be used. If e.g. the
[5]	16577	horizontal size is substantially larger
	16578	than the vertical size, a <span style="font-weight: bold;">superelevation</span>
[48]	16579	much larger than <span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span>
	16580	should
[5]	16581	be used, since otherwise the domain appears as a
	16582	"flat disk" in the visualization and thus the vertical direction is
[108]	16583	only very poorly resolved.</p>
	16584
	16585
[354]	16586
	16587
[108]	16588	</td>
	16589
	16590
[354]	16591
	16592
[108]	16593	</tr>
	16594
	16595
[354]	16596
	16597
[108]	16598	<tr>
	16599
	16600
	16601
[354]	16602
	16603
[108]	16604	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16605
	16606
[354]	16607
	16608
[108]	16609	<p><a name="superelevation_x"></a><b>superelevation_x</b></p>
	16610
	16611
	16612
[354]	16613
	16614
[108]	16615	</td>
	16616
	16617
[354]	16618
	16619
[108]	16620	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	16621
	16622
[354]	16623
	16624
[108]	16625	</td>
	16626
	16627
	16628
[354]	16629
	16630
[108]	16631	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">1.0<br>
	16632
	16633
	16634
[354]	16635
	16636
[108]	16637	</td>
	16638
	16639
[354]	16640
	16641
[108]	16642	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16643
	16644
[354]	16645
	16646
[108]	16647	<p>Superelevation
	16648	factor for the horizontal (x) coordinate.  </p>
	16649
	16650
[354]	16651
	16652
[108]	16653
	16654
	16655
[354]	16656
	16657
[108]	16658	<p>This
[48]	16659	parameter can be used to stretch the displayed domain
[5]	16660	along the x-direction. See also <a href="#superelevation">superelevation</a>.</p>
[108]	16661
	16662
	16663
[354]	16664
	16665
[108]	16666	</td>
	16667
	16668
[354]	16669
	16670
[108]	16671	</tr>
	16672
	16673
[354]	16674
	16675
[108]	16676	<tr>
	16677
	16678
[354]	16679
	16680
[108]	16681	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16682
	16683
[354]	16684
	16685
[108]	16686	<p><a name="superelevation_y"></a><b>superelevation_y</b></p>
	16687
	16688
	16689
[354]	16690
	16691
[108]	16692	</td>
	16693
	16694
[354]	16695
	16696
[108]	16697	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	16698
	16699
[354]	16700
	16701
[108]	16702	</td>
	16703
	16704
	16705
[354]	16706
	16707
[108]	16708	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">1.0<br>
	16709
	16710
	16711
[354]	16712
	16713
[108]	16714	</td>
	16715
	16716
[354]	16717
	16718
[108]	16719	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Superelevation
[48]	16720	factor for the
[108]	16721	horizontal (y) coordinate.
	16722
	16723
[354]	16724
	16725
[108]	16726	<p>This parameter can be
[48]	16727	used to
[108]	16728	stretch the displayed domain along the y-direction. See also <a href="#superelevation">superelevation</a>.</p>
	16729
	16730
[354]	16731
	16732
[108]	16733	</td>
	16734
	16735
	16736
[354]	16737
	16738
[108]	16739	</tr>
	16740
	16741
[354]	16742
	16743
[108]	16744	<tr>
	16745
	16746
[354]	16747
	16748
[108]	16749	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16750
	16751
[354]	16752
	16753
[108]	16754	<p><a name="threshold"></a><b>threshold</b></p>
	16755
	16756
	16757
[354]	16758
	16759
[108]	16760	</td>
	16761
	16762
[354]	16763
	16764
[108]	16765	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br>
	16766
	16767
	16768
[354]	16769
	16770
[108]	16771	</td>
	16772
	16773
[354]	16774
	16775
[108]	16776	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">0.0<br>
	16777
	16778
	16779
[354]	16780
	16781
[108]	16782	</td>
	16783
	16784
[354]	16785
	16786
[108]	16787	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16788
	16789
[354]	16790
	16791
[108]	16792	<p>Threshold
[48]	16793	value for which an isosurface is to be created by
	16794	the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[108]	16795	software.  </p>
	16796
	16797
[354]	16798
	16799
[108]	16800
	16801
	16802
[354]	16803
	16804
[108]	16805	<p>If the creation of
[48]	16806	isosurfaces is switched on via
[5]	16807	parameter <a href="#mode_dvrp">mode_dvrp</a>,
	16808	then the respective threshold value for which the isosurface is to be
[48]	16809	created can be assigned via <b>threshold</b>. If several
	16810	isosurfaces
	16811	are given by <b>mode_dvrp</b>, then an individual
	16812	threshold value for
[5]	16813	each isosurface can be assigned. The order of the threshold values
	16814	refers to the order of the isosurfaces given by <b>mode_dvrp</b>.</p>
[108]	16815
	16816
	16817
[354]	16818
	16819
[108]	16820	</td>
	16821
	16822
	16823
	16824
[354]	16825	</tr>
	16826
	16827	<tr>
	16828
	16829	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="topography_color"></a>topography_color</span></td>
	16830
	16831	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R(3)</td>
	16832
	16833	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.8, 0.7, 0.6</span></td>
	16834
	16835	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Color of the topography.<br>
	16836
	16837	<br>
	16838
	16839	The color is given in RGB (red/green/blue) portions. If topograpy is switched on (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a>), its default color is a kind of gray.</td>
	16840
	16841	</tr>
	16842
	16843
	16844
	16845
[108]	16846
	16847
	16848
[354]	16849
	16850
[108]	16851	</tbody>
	16852	</table>
	16853
	16854
[354]	16855
	16856
[108]	16857	<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
	16858
	16859
	16860
[354]	16861
	16862
[5]	16863	</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Package (<span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>
	16864	option -p): <span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="spectra"></a>spectra</span>
	16865	NAMELIST group name: <span style="font-weight: bold;">spectra_par<br>
[108]	16866
	16867
	16868
[354]	16869
	16870
[108]	16871	<br>
	16872
	16873
[354]	16874
	16875
[108]	16876	</span></span></span>
	16877	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	16878
	16879
[354]	16880
	16881
[108]	16882	<tbody>
	16883
	16884
[354]	16885
	16886
[108]	16887	<tr>
	16888
	16889
	16890
[354]	16891
	16892
[108]	16893	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter
	16894	name</b></font></td>
	16895
	16896
[354]	16897
	16898
[108]	16899	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
	16900
	16901
	16902
[354]	16903
	16904
[108]	16905	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16906
	16907
[354]	16908
	16909
[108]	16910	<p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br>
	16911
	16912
[354]	16913
	16914
[108]	16915	<b><font size="4">value</font></b></p>
	16916
	16917
[354]	16918
	16919
[108]	16920	</td>
	16921
	16922
	16923
[354]	16924
	16925
[108]	16926	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td>
	16927
	16928
	16929
[354]	16930
	16931
[108]	16932	</tr>
	16933
	16934
[354]	16935
	16936
[108]	16937	<tr>
	16938
	16939
[354]	16940
	16941
[108]	16942	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16943
	16944
[354]	16945
	16946
[108]	16947	<p><a name="averaging_interval_sp"></a><b>averaging_interval_sp</b></p>
	16948
	16949
	16950
[354]	16951
	16952
[108]	16953	</td>
	16954
	16955
[354]	16956
	16957
[108]	16958	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	16959
	16960
[354]	16961
	16962
[108]	16963	</td>
	16964
	16965
	16966
[354]	16967
	16968
[108]	16969	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval">averaging_<br>
	16970
	16971
	16972
[354]	16973
	16974
[108]	16975	interval</a></span> </td>
	16976
	16977
[354]	16978
	16979
[108]	16980	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16981
	16982
[354]	16983
	16984
[108]	16985	<p>Averaging interval
[48]	16986	for spectra output to local
	16987	file <font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF">DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF</a>
[108]	16988	</font></font>and/or  <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_X_DATA">PLOTSP_X_DATA</a>
[48]	16989	/    <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_Y_DATA">PLOTSP_Y_DATA</a>
[108]	16990	(in s).  </p>
	16991
	16992
[354]	16993
	16994
[108]	16995
	16996
	16997
[354]	16998
	16999
[108]	17000	<p>If
[5]	17001	this parameter is given a non-zero value, temporally
	17002	averaged spectra data are output. By default, spectra data data are not
	17003	subject to temporal averaging. The interval length is limited by the
[48]	17004	parameter <a href="#dt_dosp">dt_dosp</a>. In any
	17005	case <b>averaging_interval_sp</b> <= <b>dt_dosp
[108]	17006	</b>must
	17007	hold.</p>
	17008
	17009
[354]	17010
	17011
[108]	17012	If an interval is defined, then by default the average
[48]	17013	is calculated
[5]	17014	from the data values of all timesteps lying within this interval. The
	17015	number of time levels entering into the average can be reduced with the
	17016	parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a>.
[108]	17017
	17018
[354]	17019
	17020
[108]	17021	<p>If
[5]	17022	an averaging interval can not be completed at the end of a run, it will
	17023	be finished at the beginning of the next restart run. Thus for restart
	17024	runs, averaging intervals do not
[108]	17025	necessarily begin at the beginning of the run.</p>
	17026
	17027
[354]	17028
	17029
[108]	17030	</td>
	17031
	17032
[354]	17033
	17034
[108]	17035	</tr>
	17036
	17037
	17038
[354]	17039
	17040
[108]	17041	<tr>
	17042
	17043
[354]	17044
	17045
[108]	17046	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><b><a name="comp_spectra_level"></a>comp_spectra_level</b></td>
	17047
	17048
	17049
[354]	17050
	17051
[189]	17052	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I(100)</td>
[108]	17053
	17054
[354]	17055
	17056
[108]	17057	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>no level</i></td>
	17058
	17059
	17060
[354]	17061
	17062
[108]	17063	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17064
	17065
[354]	17066
	17067
[108]	17068	<p>Vertical level
[48]	17069	for which horizontal spectra are to be
[108]	17070	calculated and output (gridpoints).<br>
	17071
	17072
[354]	17073
	17074
[108]	17075	</p>
	17076
	17077
[354]	17078
	17079
[108]	17080	<br>
	17081
	17082
	17083
[354]	17084
	17085
[189]	17086	Spectra can be calculated for up to 100 levels.</td>
[108]	17087
	17088
[354]	17089
	17090
[108]	17091	</tr>
	17092
	17093
	17094
[354]	17095
	17096
[108]	17097	<tr>
	17098
	17099
[354]	17100
	17101
[108]	17102	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17103
	17104
[354]	17105
	17106
[108]	17107	<p><a name="data_output_sp"></a><b>data_output_sp</b></p>
	17108
	17109
[354]	17110
	17111
[108]	17112	</td>
	17113
	17114
[354]	17115
	17116
[108]	17117	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10 (10)</td>
	17118
	17119
[354]	17120
	17121
[108]	17122	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * ' '</i></td>
	17123
	17124
[354]	17125
	17126
[108]	17127	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17128
	17129
[354]	17130
	17131
[108]	17132	<p>Quantities for which
[48]	17133	horizontal spectra are to be calculated
[108]	17134	and output.</p>
	17135
	17136
[354]	17137
	17138
[108]	17139
	17140
	17141
[354]	17142
	17143
[144]	17144	<p>Allowed standard values are:  <b>data_output_sp</b>
	17145	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'q'</span>. The user may define further quantities (see <a href="chapter_3.5.4#spectra">chapter 3.5.4 part 5</a>).<br>
[108]	17146
	17147
[354]	17148
	17149
[108]	17150	</p>
	17151
	17152
	17153
[354]	17154
	17155
[108]	17156
	17157
[354]	17158
	17159
[108]	17160	<p>Spectra are calculated using the FFT-method defined by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#fft_method">fft_method</a>.</p>
	17161
	17162
	17163
[354]	17164
	17165
[108]	17166
	17167
[354]	17168
	17169
[108]	17170	<p>By default spectra data are output to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF">DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF</a>.
[48]	17171	The file's format is NetCDF.  Further details about processing
[108]	17172	NetCDF data are given in chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a>.</p>
	17173
	17174
[354]	17175
	17176
[108]	17177
	17178
[354]	17179
	17180
[108]	17181	<p>The
[48]	17182	temporal interval of the output times of profiles is
[108]	17183	assigned via the parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dosp">dt_dosp</a>. </p>
	17184
	17185
[354]	17186
	17187
[108]	17188
	17189
[354]	17190
	17191
[108]	17192	<p>The
[48]	17193	vertical levels for which spectra are to be computed and output must be
	17194	given by parameter <font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#comp_spectra_level"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">comp_spectra_level</font></span></a></font>.
[108]	17195	</p>
	17196
	17197
[354]	17198
	17199
[108]	17200	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
	17201
	17202
	17203
[354]	17204
	17205
[48]	17206	Beside <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_sp</span>,
	17207	values <span style="font-weight: bold;">must</span>
	17208	be given for each of the
[5]	17209	parameters,  <font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#comp_spectra_level"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">comp_spectra_level</font></span></a></font>,
	17210	and <font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#spectra_direction"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">spectra_direction</font></span></a></font>,
[48]	17211	otherwise <span style="font-weight: bold;">no</span>
	17212	output will be
[108]	17213	created!<br>
	17214
	17215
[354]	17216
	17217
[108]	17218	<br>
	17219
	17220
[354]	17221
	17222
[108]	17223	<br>
	17224
	17225
	17226
[354]	17227
	17228
[5]	17229	Calculation of spectra requires cyclic boundary conditions
	17230	along the respective directions (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
[48]	17231	and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).For
	17232	historical reasons, data can also be output in ASCII-format on local
	17233	files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_X_DATA">PLOTSP_X_DATA</a>
	17234	and/or <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_Y_DATA">PLOTSP_Y_DATA</a>
	17235	(depending on the direction(s) along which spectra are to be
	17236	calculated; see <font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#spectra_direction"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">spectra_direction</font></span></a>),</font>
	17237	which are readable by the graphic software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>. See
	17238	parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
	17239	for defining the format in which data shall be output. Within
	17240	these file, the spectra are ordered with respect to their
[5]	17241	output times. Spectra can also be temporally averaged (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval_sp">averaging_interval_sp</a>
[48]	17242	). <font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#spectra_direction"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a>Each data point of a
	17243	spectrum is output in a single line (1st column:
[5]	17244	wavenumber, 2nd column: spectral coefficient). If spectra are to be
	17245	calculated and output for more than one height (see </font><font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#comp_spectra_level"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">comp_spectra_level</font></span></a></font><font>),
	17246	the spectral coefficients for the further heighs can be found in the
	17247	subsequent columns. </font>The order
	17248	of the data in the file follows the order used in the assignment for <b>data_output_sp</b>
[493]	17249	(<b>data_output_sp</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v'</span>,…
[5]	17250	means that the file starts with the spectra of the u-component,
[48]	17251	followed by the v-component spectra, etc.). Additional to the files
	17252	PLOTSP_X_DATA and PLOTSP_Y_DATA which contain
[5]	17253	the data,
	17254	PALM creates NAMELIST parameter files (local name <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_X_PAR">PLOTSP_X_PAR</a>
	17255	and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_X_PAR">PLOTSP_Y_PAR</a>)
	17256	which can be used as parameter input file for the plot software <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_intro.html">profil</a>.
	17257	Spectra can be directly plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>
	17258	using the data and the corresponding parameter file. The
	17259	plot layout is
	17260	steered via the parameter input file. The vertical levels for which
[48]	17261	spectra are to be plotted must be given by <font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#plot_spectra_level"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">plot_spectra_level</font></span></a></font><font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#comp_spectra_level"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a></font>. <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>Otherwise, no
	17262	spectra
[5]	17263	will appear on the plot, although data are available on file. All
	17264	parameter values can be changed by editing the parameter
	17265	input
[108]	17266	file.<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
	17267
	17268
[354]	17269
	17270
[108]	17271	</span></td>
	17272
	17273
[354]	17274
	17275
[108]	17276	</tr>
	17277
	17278
[354]	17279
	17280
[108]	17281	<tr>
	17282
	17283
	17284
[354]	17285
	17286
[108]	17287	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17288
	17289
[354]	17290
	17291
[108]	17292	<p><a name="dt_dosp"></a><b>dt_dosp</b></p>
	17293
	17294
	17295
[354]	17296
	17297
[108]	17298	</td>
	17299
	17300
[354]	17301
	17302
[108]	17303	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	17304
	17305
	17306
[354]	17307
	17308
[108]	17309	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
	17310	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
	17311
	17312
[354]	17313
	17314
[108]	17315	output</a></i></td>
	17316
	17317
	17318
[354]	17319
	17320
[108]	17321	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17322
	17323
[354]	17324
	17325
[108]	17326	<p>Temporal
[48]	17327	interval at which spectra data shall be output
[108]	17328	(in s).  </p>
	17329
	17330
[354]	17331
	17332
[108]	17333
	17334
	17335
[354]	17336
	17337
[108]	17338	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
[48]	17339	horizontal spectra is switched on (see </font></span><a href="#data_output_sp"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output_sp</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">this
	17340	parameter can be used to
[5]	17341	assign the temporal interval at which spectral data  shall be
[48]	17342	output. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can be skipped at the beginning of a
	17343	simulation using parameter <a href="#skip_time_dosp">skip_time_dosp</a>,
	17344	which has zero value by default. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference
[5]	17345	time is the beginning of
	17346	the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dosp</span> + <b>dt_dosp</b>,
[108]	17347	<span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dosp</span>
[48]	17348	+ 2<b>dt_dosp</b>, skip_time_dosp + 3<b>dt_dosp</b>,
	17349	etc. The actual output times can
	17350	deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).
	17351	If <b>dt_dosp</b> < </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">, then
	17352	spectral data are output
[5]	17353	after each time step (if this is requested it should be <b>dt_dosp</b>
[108]	17354	= <i>0</i>).</font></span> </p>
	17355
	17356
[354]	17357
	17358
[108]	17359	</td>
	17360
	17361
	17362
[354]	17363
	17364
[108]	17365	</tr>
	17366
	17367
[354]	17368
	17369
[108]	17370	<tr>
	17371
	17372
[354]	17373
	17374
[108]	17375	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17376
	17377
[354]	17378
	17379
[108]	17380	<p><a name="plot_spectra_level"></a><b>plot_spectra_level</b></p>
	17381
	17382
	17383
[354]	17384
	17385
[108]	17386	</td>
	17387
	17388
[354]	17389
	17390
[189]	17391	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I(100)</td>
[108]	17392
	17393
	17394
[354]	17395
	17396
[108]	17397	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>no level</i></td>
	17398
	17399
	17400
[354]	17401
	17402
[108]	17403	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17404
	17405
[354]	17406
	17407
[108]	17408	<p>Vertical
[48]	17409	level(s) for which horizontal spectra are to be
[108]	17410	plotted (in gridpoints).  </p>
	17411
	17412
[354]	17413
	17414
[108]	17415
	17416
	17417
[354]	17418
	17419
[108]	17420	<p>This parameter
[48]	17421	only affects the display of spectra in plots
	17422	created with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
	17423	The
[5]	17424	spectral data created and output to file are exclusively determined via
[108]	17425	<font><a href="#comp_spectra_level"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">comp_spectra_level</font></span></a></font>.</p>
	17426
	17427
	17428
[354]	17429
	17430
[108]	17431	</td>
	17432
	17433
[354]	17434
	17435
[108]	17436	</tr>
	17437
	17438
[354]	17439
	17440
[108]	17441	<tr>
	17442
	17443
[354]	17444
	17445
[108]	17446	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_dosp"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dosp</span></td>
	17447
	17448
	17449
[354]	17450
	17451
[108]	17452	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	17453
	17454
[354]	17455
	17456
[108]	17457	</td>
	17458
	17459
[354]	17460
	17461
[108]	17462	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
	17463
	17464
[354]	17465
	17466
[108]	17467	data_output</a></span>
	17468	</td>
	17469
	17470
[354]	17471
	17472
[108]	17473	<td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
	17474	spectra data before this interval has passed (in s).<br>
	17475
	17476
[354]	17477
	17478
[108]	17479	<br>
	17480
	17481
[354]	17482
	17483
[108]	17484	This
[48]	17485	parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
	17486	this interval
[108]	17487	(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
	17488
	17489
[354]	17490
	17491
[108]	17492	<br>
	17493
	17494
[354]	17495
	17496
[108]	17497	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	17498
	17499
[354]	17500
	17501
[108]	17502	If
[48]	17503	the user has set <a href="#dt_dosp">dt_dosp</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dosp</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>, then the
[108]	17504	first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
	17505
	17506
[354]	17507
	17508
[108]	17509	</tr>
	17510
	17511
	17512
[354]	17513
	17514
[108]	17515	<tr>
	17516
	17517
[354]	17518
	17519
[108]	17520	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17521
	17522
[354]	17523
	17524
[108]	17525	<p><a name="spectra_direction"></a><b>spectra_direction</b></p>
	17526
	17527
	17528
[354]	17529
	17530
[108]	17531	</td>
	17532
	17533
[354]	17534
	17535
[108]	17536	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*2 (10)</td>
	17537
	17538
	17539
[354]	17540
	17541
[108]	17542	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * ' '</i></td>
	17543
	17544
	17545
[354]	17546
	17547
[108]	17548	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17549
	17550
[354]	17551
	17552
[108]	17553	<p>Direction(s)
	17554	along which spectra are to be calculated.  </p>
	17555
	17556
[354]	17557
	17558
[108]	17559
	17560
	17561
[354]	17562
	17563
[108]	17564	<p>Allowed
[48]	17565	values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'x'</span>,
[108]	17566	<span style="font-style: italic;">'y'</span> and <span style="font-style: italic;">'xy'</span>. For
[5]	17567	every quantity given by <a href="#data_output_sp">data_output_sp</a>
	17568	a corresponding
[48]	17569	direction<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>must
[108]	17570	be assigned.<br>
	17571
	17572
[354]	17573
	17574
[108]	17575	</p>
	17576
	17577
[354]	17578
	17579
[108]	17580
	17581
	17582
[354]	17583
	17584
[108]	17585	<p>Calculation of spectra
[48]	17586	requires cyclic boundary conditions
[5]	17587	along the respective directions (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
	17588	and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</p>
[108]	17589
	17590
	17591
[354]	17592
	17593
[108]	17594	</td>
	17595
	17596
[354]	17597
	17598
[108]	17599	</tr>
	17600
	17601
[354]	17602
	17603
[108]	17604
	17605
	17606
[354]	17607
	17608
[108]	17609	</tbody>
	17610	</table>
	17611
	17612
[354]	17613
	17614
[108]	17615	<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
	17616
	17617
	17618
[354]	17619
	17620
[108]	17621	</span></span></span>
	17622	<h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><br>
	17623
	17624
[354]	17625
	17626
[108]	17627	<a href="chapter_4.1.html"><img src="left.gif" name="Grafik1" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></a><a href="index.html"><img src="up.gif" name="Grafik2" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></a><a href="chapter_4.3.html"><img src="right.gif" name="Grafik3" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></a></h3>
	17628
	17629
[354]	17630
	17631
[108]	17632	<span style="font-style: italic;">Last change:</span>
[61]	17633	$Id: chapter_4.2.html 531 2010-04-21 06:47:21Z heinze $ <span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
[108]	17634
	17635
	17636
[354]	17637
	17638
[108]	17639	</span></span><br>
	17640
	17641
[354]	17642
	17643
[493]	17644
	17645	</body></html>

Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.

Download in other formats:

| Impressum | ©Leibniz Universität Hannover |