Urban surface parameters

Steering

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Since r19xx an urban surface model (USM) is available in PALM. A brief description of the USM will follow here (see LSM description as an example). It consists of a multi layer wall and soil model, predicting wall and soil temperature and moisture content, and a solver for the energy balance, predicting the temperature of the surface or the skin layer. Urban surfaces (building surfaces) are simulated using a tile approach. Each surface element consists of a fraction of bare wall/ roof, window and green elements (green roofs/ facades) with underlying soil layers (green roofs only) and a bare wall/ roof structure.

NAMELIST group name: urban_surface_parameters

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Steering:

Parameter Name	FORTRAN Type	Default Value	Explanation
building_type	I	1	Defaul category of buildings. Default value 1 represents old residential building.
land_category	I	2	Land surface category. Default category for land surface.
naheatlayers	I	1	Number of anthropogenic heat layers. Number of layers where the anthropogenic heat is added into model.
pedestrian_category	I	2	Pedestrian wall category. Default category for wall surface in pedestrian zone.
read_wall_temp_3d	L	.F.	Read wall temperature initialization file. Initialize temperature of wall layers and surfaces from supplied file instead of using default profiles.
roof_category	I	2	Roof category. Default category for roof surface.
roof_inner_temperature	R	295.0	Inner temperature of roofs. Temperature of the inner roof surface (inside the building)(K). The value is not used in case of using indoor model.
roughness_concrete	R	0.001	Roughness length of concrete. Roughness length of average concrete surface (m). This values is used to calculation of roughness relative to concrete.
soil_inner_temperature	R	288.0	Deep soil temperature. Temperature of the deep soil. (K)
usm_anthropogenic_heat	L	.F.	Anthropogenic heat. Enable supplied anthropogenic heat in USM model.
usm_material_model	L	.T.	Material heat model. Switch on calculation of propagation of heat in bare, green and window wall/ roof tiles.
usm_wall_mod	L	.F.	Wall conductivity reduction. Reduces conductivity of the first 2 wall layers by factor 0.1 during spinup to make larger timsteps possible.
wall_category	I	2	Wall category. Default category for wall surface over pedestrian zone.
wall_inner_temperature	R	295.0	Inner wall temperature. Temperature of the inner wall surface (inside the building)(K). The value is not used in case of using indoor model.
window_inner_temperature	R	295.0	Inner window temperature. Temperature of the inner window surface (inside the building)(K). The value is not used in case of using indoor model.