Land Surface Parameters
Since r1551 a full land surface model (LMS) is available in PALM. It consists of a four layer soil model for the soil temperature and moisture contents and a solver for the energy balance at the surface. The implementation is based on the ECMWF-IFS land surface parametrization (TESSEL) and its adaption in the DALES model.
All parts of the LSM code are modularized in module land_surface_model_mod. In this context, a new Fortran NAMELIST lsm_par was added, containing all LSM-related steering parameters. The LSM is automatically activated when a lsm_par is set in the parameter file (_p3d).
NAMELIST group name: lsm_par
| Parameter Name | FORTRAN Type | Default Value | Explanation
|
|---|
alpha_vangenuchten
|
R
|
9999999.9
|
Value of the coefficient alpha for the calculation of the hydraulic conductivity of soil in the parametrization after Van Genuchten (1980).
|
c:surface
|
R
|
20000.0
|
Heat capacity of the surface (skin layer) per unit of area (in J/m²/K).
|
canopy_resistance_coefficient
|
R
|
9999999.9
|
A coefficient (in 1/hPa) for the dependence of the canopy resistance on water vapor pressure deficit.
|
conserve_water_content
|
L
|
.T.
|
Flag parameter for the bottom boundary condition of the soil model.
The usee can choose between the following two options:
'.T.'
Closed bottom (bedrock, no drainage). Conservation of water in the soil and atmosphere is guaranteed.
'.F.'
Open bottom (free drainage). Water can leave the soil model and conservation of water is not guaranteed.
|
dewfall
|
L
|
.T.
|
In case dewfall = .T., all supersatured water at the lowest grid level is immediately removed and transferred to the liquid water reservoir (or soil, depending on the vegetation coverage and the filling level of the liquid water reservoir). Alternatively, dewfall = .F. will switch off this parametrization (yet to be tested).
|
f_shortwave_incoming
|
R
|
9999999.9
|
Fraction of the net shortwave radiation that is transmitted directly to the top soil layer. The remaining fraction of the shortwave radiation is absorbed by the surface (skin layer). This parameter has not been fully implemented yet and is fixed to 0.
|
hydraulic_conductivity
|
R
|
9999999.9
|
Hydraulic conductivity of the soil at saturation (in m/s).
|
lambda_surface_stable
|
R
|
9999999.9
|
Aerodynamic coupling between canopy and soil (in W/m²/K) in case of stable stratification.
|
lambda_surface_unstable
|
R
|
9999999.9
|
Aerodynamic coupling between canopy and soil (in W/m²/K) in case of unstable stratification.
|
leaf_area_index
|
R
|
9999999.9
|
Leaf area index of the canopy (in m²/m²).
|
l_vangenuchten
|
R
|
9999999.9
|
Value of the coefficient l for the calculation of the hydraulic conductivity of soil in the parametrization after Van Genuchten (1980).
|
min_canopy_resistance
|
R
|
9999999.9
|
Minimum canopy resistance (in s/m).
|
field_capacity
|
R
|
9999999.9
|
Soil moisture at field capacity (in m³/m³).
|
residual_moisture
|
R
|
9999999.9
|
Residual soil moisture content (in m³/m³).
|
saturation_moisture
|
R
|
9999999.9
|
Soil moisture at saturation (in m³/m³).
|
wilting_point
|
R
|
9999999.9
|
Soil moisture at permanent wilting point (in m³/m³).
|
n_vangenuchten
|
R
|
9999999.9
|
Value of the coefficient n for the calculation of the hydraulic conductivity of soil in the parametrization after Van Genuchten (1980).
|
root_fraction
|
R(4)
|
4*9999999.9
|
Root distribution
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