- Timestamp:
- May 15, 2008 11:58:10 AM (16 years ago)
- Location:
- palm/trunk/DOC/app
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palm/trunk/DOC/app/chapter_4.1.html
r165 r166 3157 3157 3158 3158 3159 If <a href=" ../../../../../DEVELOPER_VERSION/chapter_4.1_adjusted.html#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>, the user can prescribe a heat flux at the top of the plant canopy.<br>3159 If <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>, the user can prescribe a heat flux at the top of the plant canopy.<br> 3160 3160 3161 3161 … … 3164 3164 3165 3165 3166 Note: Instead of using the value prescribed by <a href=" ../../../../../DEVELOPER_VERSION/chapter_4.1_adjusted.html#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>,3166 Note: Instead of using the value prescribed by <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>, 3167 3167 the near surface heat flux is determined from an exponential function 3168 3168 that is dependent on the cumulative leaf_area_index (Shaw and Schumann … … 6332 6332 This 6333 6333 parameter assigns the value of the leaf area density <span style="font-weight: bold;">lad</span> at the surface (k=0)<b>.</b> Starting from this value, 6334 the leaf area density profile is constructed with <a href=" chapter_4.1.html#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a>6335 and <a href=" chapter_4.1.html#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level6334 the leaf area density profile is constructed with <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a> 6335 and <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level 6336 6336 </a>.</td> 6337 6337 … … 6353 6353 <p>This leaf area density gradient 6354 6354 holds starting from the height 6355 level defined by <a href=" chapter_4.1.html#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a>6355 level defined by <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a> 6356 6356 (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) > lad_vertical_gradient_level, lad(k) is set: lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * <b>lad_vertical_gradient</b>) 6357 6357 up to the level defined by <a href="#pch_index">pch_index</a>. Above that level lad(k) will automatically set to 0.0. A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals 6358 if <a href=" chapter_4.1.html#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1)6358 if <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) 6359 6359 = <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The leaf area density at the surface is 6360 assigned via <a href=" chapter_4.1.html#lad_surface">lad_surface</a>. 6360 assigned via <a href="#lad_surface">lad_surface</a>. 6361 6361 </p> 6362 6362 … … 6374 6374 6375 6375 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height level from which on the gradient 6376 of the leaf area density defined by <a href=" chapter_4.1.html#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a>6376 of the leaf area density defined by <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a> 6377 6377 is effective (in m).<br> 6378 6378 … … 6380 6380 6381 6381 The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. The 6382 default values result in a leaf area density that is constant with height uup to the top of the plant canopy layer defined by <a href="#pch_index">pch_index</a>. For the piecewise construction of temperature profiles see <a href=" chapter_4.1.html#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a>.</td>6382 default values result in a leaf area density that is constant with height uup to the top of the plant canopy layer defined by <a href="#pch_index">pch_index</a>. For the piecewise construction of temperature profiles see <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a>.</td> 6383 6383 6384 6384 </tr> … … 6398 6398 6399 6399 6400 This parameter is only of importance in cases in that both, <a href=" ../../../../../DEVELOPER_VERSION/chapter_4.1_adjusted.html#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> and <a href="../../../../../DEVELOPER_VERSION/chapter_4.1_adjusted.html#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>, are set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>.6400 This parameter is only of importance in cases in that both, <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> and <a href="#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>, are set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>. 6401 6401 The value of the concentration of a passive scalar at the surface of a 6402 6402 leaf is required for the parametrisation of the sources and sinks of … … 9750 9750 additional drag term in the momentum equations and an additional sink 9751 9751 term in the prognostic equation for the subgrid-scale TKE. These 9752 additional terms are dependent on the leaf drag coefficient (see <a href="#drag_coefficient">drag_coefficient</a>) and the leaf area density (see <a href="#lad_surface">lad_surface</a>, <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a>, <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a>). <br> 9753 9754 By default, a horizontally homogeneous plant canopy is prescribed, if <span style="font-weight: bold;">plant_canopy</span> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>. However, the user can define other types of plant canopies (see <a href="#canopy_mode">canopy_mode</a>).<br> 9752 additional terms are dependent on the leaf drag coefficient (see <a href="#drag_coefficient">drag_coefficient</a>) and the leaf area density (see <a href="#lad_surface">lad_surface</a>, <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a>, <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a>). The top boundary of the plant canopy is determined by the parameter <a href="#pch_index">pch_index</a>. For all heights equal to or larger than zw(k=<span style="font-weight: bold;">pch_index</span>) the leaf area density is 0 (i.e. there is no canopy at these heights!). <br> 9753 9754 By default, a horizontally homogeneous plant canopy is prescribed, if <span style="font-weight: bold;">plant_canopy</span> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>. However, the user can define other types of plant canopies (see <a href="#canopy_mode">canopy_mode</a>).<br><br>If <span style="font-weight: bold;">plant_canopy</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">passive_scalar</span><span style="font-style: italic;"> </span>are set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>, 9755 the canopy acts as an additional source or sink, respectively, of 9756 scalar concentration. The source/sink strength is dependent on the 9757 scalar concentration at the leaf surface, which is generally constant 9758 with time in PALM and which can be specified by specifying the 9759 parameter <a href="#leaf_surface_concentration">leaf_surface_concentration</a>. <br><br>Additional heating of the air by the plant canopy is taken into account, when the default value of the parameter <a href="#cthf">cthf</a> is altered in the parameter file. In that case the value of <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a> 9760 specified in the parameter file is not used in the model. Instead the 9761 near-surface heat flux is derived from an expontial function that is 9762 dependent on the cumulative leaf area index. <br> 9755 9763 9756 9764 <br> -
palm/trunk/DOC/app/chapter_4.6.html
r153 r166 1 1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <html> 3 <head> 2 <html><head> 4 3 5 4 … … 20 19 21 20 22 <title>PALM chapter 4.6</title>23 < meta name="GENERATOR" content="StarOffice 7 (Win32)">21 22 <title>PALM chapter 4.6</title><meta name="GENERATOR" content="StarOffice 7 (Win32)"> 24 23 25 24 … … 65 64 @page { size: 21cm 29.7cm } 66 65 --> 67 </style> 68 </head> 66 </style></head> 69 67 70 68 <body style="direction: ltr;" lang="en-US"> … … 2493 2491 2494 2492 <tr> 2495 <td><b><b><a href=" ../../../../../DEVELOPER_VERSION/chapter_4.1.html#cthf"><b>cthf</b></a></b></b></td>2493 <td><b><b><a href="chapter_4.1.html#cthf"><b>cthf</b></a></b></b></td> 2496 2494 <td>R</td> 2497 2495 <td>R</td> … … 6775 6773 </tr> 6776 6774 <tr> 6777 <td><b><b><b><b><a href=" ../../../../../DEVELOPER_VERSION/chapter_4.1.html#leaf_surface_concentration"><b>leaf_surface_concentration</b></a></b></b></b></b></td>6775 <td><b><b><b><b><a href="chapter_4.1.html#leaf_surface_concentration"><b>leaf_surface_concentration</b></a></b></b></b></b></td> 6778 6776 <td>R</td> 6779 6777 <td>R</td> … … 15426 15424 15427 15425 15428 </body> 15429 </html> 15426 </body></html>
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