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29 | <title>PALM chapter 4.1</title></head> |
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30 | <body> |
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37 | <h3><a name="chapter4.1"></a>4.1 |
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38 | Initialization parameters</h3> |
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39 | |
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46 | <br> |
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52 | |
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53 | <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> |
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54 | |
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59 | |
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60 | <tbody> |
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61 | |
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66 | |
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67 | |
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68 | <tr> |
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69 | |
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70 | |
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71 | |
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72 | |
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73 | |
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74 | |
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75 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter name</b></font></td> |
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76 | |
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77 | |
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78 | |
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79 | |
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80 | |
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81 | |
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82 | |
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83 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td> |
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84 | |
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86 | |
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87 | |
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88 | |
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89 | |
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90 | |
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91 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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92 | |
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93 | |
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94 | |
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95 | |
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96 | |
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97 | |
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98 | <p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br> |
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99 | |
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100 | |
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101 | |
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102 | |
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103 | |
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104 | |
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105 | <b><font size="4">value</font></b></p> |
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106 | |
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107 | |
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108 | |
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109 | |
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110 | |
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111 | |
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112 | </td> |
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113 | |
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114 | |
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115 | |
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116 | |
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117 | |
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118 | |
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119 | |
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120 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td> |
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121 | |
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122 | |
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123 | |
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125 | |
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126 | |
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127 | |
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128 | </tr> |
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129 | |
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132 | |
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133 | |
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134 | |
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135 | <tr> |
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139 | |
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140 | |
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141 | |
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142 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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143 | |
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144 | |
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145 | |
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146 | |
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147 | |
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148 | |
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149 | <p><a name="adjust_mixing_length"></a><b>adjust_mixing_length</b></p> |
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150 | |
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151 | |
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152 | |
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153 | |
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154 | |
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155 | |
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156 | |
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157 | </td> |
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158 | |
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159 | |
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160 | |
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161 | |
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162 | |
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163 | |
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164 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
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165 | |
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166 | |
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167 | |
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168 | |
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169 | |
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170 | |
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171 | |
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172 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
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173 | |
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174 | |
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175 | |
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176 | |
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177 | |
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178 | |
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179 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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180 | |
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181 | |
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182 | |
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183 | |
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184 | |
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185 | |
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186 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Near-surface adjustment of the |
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187 | mixing length to the Prandtl-layer law. </p> |
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188 | |
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189 | |
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190 | |
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191 | |
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192 | |
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193 | |
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194 | |
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195 | |
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196 | |
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197 | |
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198 | |
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199 | |
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200 | |
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201 | <p>Usually |
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202 | the mixing length in LES models l<sub>LES</sub> |
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203 | depends (as in PALM) on the grid size and is possibly restricted |
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204 | further in case of stable stratification and near the lower wall (see |
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205 | parameter <a href="#wall_adjustment">wall_adjustment</a>). |
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206 | With <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> |
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207 | the Prandtl' mixing length l<sub>PR</sub> = kappa * z/phi |
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208 | is calculated |
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209 | and the mixing length actually used in the model is set l = MIN (l<sub>LES</sub>, |
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210 | l<sub>PR</sub>). This usually gives a decrease of the |
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211 | mixing length at |
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212 | the bottom boundary and considers the fact that eddy sizes |
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213 | decrease in the vicinity of the wall. </p> |
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214 | |
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215 | |
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216 | |
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217 | |
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218 | |
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219 | |
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220 | |
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221 | |
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222 | |
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223 | |
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224 | |
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225 | |
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226 | |
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227 | <p style="font-style: normal;"><b>Warning:</b> So |
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228 | far, there is |
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229 | no good experience with <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> ! </p> |
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230 | |
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231 | |
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232 | |
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233 | |
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234 | |
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236 | |
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237 | |
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238 | |
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239 | |
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240 | |
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241 | |
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242 | |
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243 | <p>With <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and the |
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244 | Prandtl-layer being |
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245 | switched on (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>) |
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246 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*)** 2+neumann'</span> |
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247 | should always be set as the lower boundary condition for the TKE (see <a href="#bc_e_b">bc_e_b</a>), |
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248 | otherwise the near-surface value of the TKE is not in agreement with |
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249 | the Prandtl-layer law (Prandtl-layer law and Prandtl-Kolmogorov-Ansatz |
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250 | should provide the same value for K<sub>m</sub>). A warning |
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251 | is given, |
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252 | if this is not the case.</p> |
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253 | |
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254 | |
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255 | |
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256 | |
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257 | |
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258 | |
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259 | </td> |
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260 | |
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261 | |
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262 | |
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263 | |
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264 | |
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265 | |
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266 | </tr> |
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267 | |
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268 | |
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269 | |
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270 | |
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271 | |
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272 | |
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273 | <tr> |
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274 | |
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275 | |
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276 | |
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277 | |
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278 | |
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279 | |
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280 | |
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281 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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282 | |
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283 | |
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284 | |
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285 | |
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286 | |
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287 | |
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288 | <p><a name="alpha_surface"></a><b>alpha_surface</b></p> |
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289 | |
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290 | |
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291 | |
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292 | |
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293 | |
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294 | |
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295 | |
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296 | </td> |
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297 | |
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298 | |
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299 | |
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300 | |
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301 | |
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302 | |
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303 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> |
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304 | |
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305 | |
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306 | |
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307 | |
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308 | |
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309 | |
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310 | </td> |
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311 | |
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312 | |
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313 | |
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314 | |
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315 | |
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316 | |
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317 | |
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318 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
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319 | |
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320 | |
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321 | |
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322 | |
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323 | |
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324 | |
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325 | </td> |
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326 | |
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327 | |
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328 | |
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329 | |
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330 | |
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331 | |
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332 | |
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333 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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334 | |
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335 | |
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336 | |
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337 | |
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338 | |
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339 | |
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340 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Inclination of the model domain |
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341 | with respect to the horizontal (in degrees). </p> |
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342 | |
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343 | |
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344 | |
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345 | |
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346 | |
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347 | |
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348 | |
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349 | |
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350 | |
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351 | |
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352 | |
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353 | |
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354 | |
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355 | <p style="font-style: normal;">By means of <b>alpha_surface</b> |
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356 | the model domain can be inclined in x-direction with respect to the |
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357 | horizontal. In this way flows over inclined surfaces (e.g. drainage |
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358 | flows, gravity flows) can be simulated. In case of <b>alpha_surface |
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359 | </b>/= <span style="font-style: italic;">0</span> |
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360 | the buoyancy term |
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361 | appears both in |
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362 | the equation of motion of the u-component and of the w-component.<br> |
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363 | |
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364 | |
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365 | |
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366 | |
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367 | |
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368 | |
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369 | |
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370 | </p> |
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371 | |
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372 | |
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373 | |
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374 | |
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375 | |
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376 | |
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377 | |
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378 | |
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379 | |
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380 | |
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381 | |
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382 | |
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383 | |
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384 | <p style="font-style: normal;">An inclination |
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385 | is only possible in |
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386 | case of cyclic horizontal boundary conditions along x AND y (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
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387 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>) and <a href="#topography">topography</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span>. </p> |
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388 | |
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389 | |
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390 | |
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391 | |
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392 | |
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393 | |
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394 | |
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395 | |
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396 | |
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397 | |
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398 | |
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399 | |
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400 | |
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401 | <p>Runs with inclined surface still require additional |
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402 | user-defined code as well as modifications to the default code. Please |
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403 | ask the <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/PALM_group.html#0">PALM |
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404 | developer group</a>.</p> |
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405 | |
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406 | |
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407 | |
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408 | |
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409 | |
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410 | |
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411 | </td> |
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412 | |
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413 | |
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414 | |
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415 | |
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416 | |
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417 | |
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418 | </tr> |
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419 | |
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420 | |
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421 | |
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422 | |
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423 | |
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424 | |
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425 | |
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426 | <tr> |
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427 | |
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428 | |
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429 | |
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430 | |
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431 | |
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432 | |
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433 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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434 | |
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435 | |
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436 | |
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437 | |
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438 | |
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439 | |
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440 | <p><a name="bc_e_b"></a><b>bc_e_b</b></p> |
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441 | |
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442 | |
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443 | |
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444 | |
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445 | |
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446 | |
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447 | </td> |
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448 | |
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449 | |
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450 | |
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451 | |
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452 | |
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453 | |
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454 | |
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455 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
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456 | |
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457 | |
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458 | |
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459 | |
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460 | |
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461 | |
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462 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
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463 | |
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464 | |
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465 | |
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466 | |
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467 | |
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468 | |
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469 | |
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470 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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471 | |
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472 | |
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473 | |
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474 | |
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475 | |
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476 | |
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477 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
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478 | TKE. </p> |
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479 | |
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480 | |
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481 | |
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482 | |
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483 | |
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484 | |
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485 | |
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486 | |
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487 | |
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488 | |
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489 | |
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490 | |
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491 | |
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492 | <p><b>bc_e_b</b> may be |
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493 | set to <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
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494 | or <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*) ** 2+neumann'</span>. |
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495 | <b>bc_e_b</b> |
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496 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
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497 | yields to |
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498 | e(k=0)=e(k=1) (Neumann boundary condition), where e(k=1) is calculated |
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499 | via the prognostic TKE equation. Choice of <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*)**2+neumann'</span> |
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500 | also yields to |
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501 | e(k=0)=e(k=1), but the TKE at the Prandtl-layer top (k=1) is calculated |
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502 | diagnostically by e(k=1)=(us/0.1)**2. However, this is only allowed if |
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503 | a Prandtl-layer is used (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>). |
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504 | If this is not the case, a warning is given and <b>bc_e_b</b> |
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505 | is reset |
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506 | to <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
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507 | </p> |
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508 | |
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509 | |
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510 | |
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511 | |
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512 | |
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513 | |
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514 | |
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515 | |
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516 | |
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517 | |
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518 | |
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519 | |
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520 | |
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521 | <p style="font-style: normal;">At the top |
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522 | boundary a Neumann |
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523 | boundary condition is generally used: (e(nz+1) = e(nz)).</p> |
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524 | |
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525 | |
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526 | |
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527 | |
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528 | |
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529 | |
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530 | </td> |
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531 | |
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532 | |
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533 | |
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534 | |
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535 | |
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536 | |
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537 | |
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538 | </tr> |
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539 | |
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540 | |
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541 | |
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542 | |
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543 | |
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544 | |
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545 | <tr> |
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546 | |
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547 | |
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548 | |
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549 | |
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550 | |
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551 | |
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552 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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553 | |
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554 | |
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555 | |
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556 | |
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557 | |
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558 | |
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559 | <p><a name="bc_lr"></a><b>bc_lr</b></p> |
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560 | |
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561 | |
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562 | |
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563 | |
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564 | |
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565 | |
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566 | |
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567 | </td> |
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568 | |
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569 | |
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570 | |
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571 | |
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572 | |
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573 | |
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574 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
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575 | |
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576 | |
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577 | |
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578 | |
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579 | |
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580 | |
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581 | |
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582 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span></td> |
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583 | |
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584 | |
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585 | |
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586 | |
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587 | |
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588 | |
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589 | |
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590 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Boundary |
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591 | condition along x (for all quantities).<br> |
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592 | |
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593 | |
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594 | |
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595 | |
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596 | |
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597 | |
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598 | <br> |
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599 | |
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600 | |
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601 | |
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602 | |
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603 | |
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604 | |
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605 | |
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606 | By default, a cyclic boundary condition is used along x.<br> |
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607 | |
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608 | |
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609 | |
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610 | |
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611 | |
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612 | |
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613 | <br> |
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614 | |
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615 | |
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616 | |
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617 | |
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618 | |
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619 | |
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620 | |
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621 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_lr</span> may |
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622 | also be |
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623 | assigned the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet/radiation'</span> |
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624 | (inflow from left, outflow to the right) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'radiation/dirichlet'</span> |
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625 | (inflow from |
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626 | right, outflow to the left). This requires the multi-grid method to be |
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627 | used for solving the Poisson equation for perturbation pressure (see <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
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628 | and it also requires cyclic boundary conditions along y (see <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).<br> |
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629 | |
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630 | |
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631 | |
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632 | |
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633 | |
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634 | |
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635 | <br> |
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636 | |
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637 | |
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638 | |
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639 | |
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640 | |
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641 | |
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642 | |
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643 | In case of these non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a Dirichlet condition |
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644 | is used at the inflow for all quantities (initial vertical profiles - |
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645 | see <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
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646 | - are fixed during the run) except u, to which a Neumann (zero |
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647 | gradient) condition is applied. At the outflow, a radiation condition is used for all velocity components, while a Neumann (zero |
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648 | gradient) condition is used for the scalars. For perturbation |
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649 | pressure Neumann (zero gradient) conditions are assumed both at the |
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650 | inflow and at the outflow.<br> |
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651 | |
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652 | |
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653 | |
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654 | |
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655 | |
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656 | |
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657 | <br> |
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658 | |
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659 | |
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660 | |
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661 | |
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662 | |
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663 | |
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664 | |
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665 | When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a filter is applied to the |
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666 | velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow in order to suppress any |
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667 | reflections of outgoing disturbances (see <a href="#km_damp_max">km_damp_max</a> |
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668 | and <a href="#outflow_damping_width">outflow_damping_width</a>).<br> |
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669 | |
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670 | |
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671 | |
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672 | |
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673 | |
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674 | |
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675 | |
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676 | <br> |
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677 | |
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678 | |
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679 | |
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680 | |
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681 | |
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682 | |
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683 | |
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684 | In order to maintain a turbulent state of the flow, it may be |
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685 | neccessary to continuously impose perturbations on the horizontal |
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686 | velocity field in the vicinity of the inflow throughout the whole run. |
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687 | This can be switched on using <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>. |
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688 | The horizontal range to which these perturbations are applied is |
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689 | controlled by the parameters <a href="#inflow_disturbance_begin">inflow_disturbance_begin</a> |
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690 | and <a href="#inflow_disturbance_end">inflow_disturbance_end</a>. |
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691 | The vertical range and the perturbation amplitude are given by <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_level_b</a>, |
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692 | <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_level_t</a>, |
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693 | and <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_amplitude</a>. |
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694 | The time interval at which perturbations are to be imposed is set by <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#dt_disturb">dt_disturb</a>.<br> |
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695 | |
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696 | |
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697 | |
---|
698 | |
---|
699 | |
---|
700 | |
---|
701 | |
---|
702 | <br> |
---|
703 | |
---|
704 | |
---|
705 | |
---|
706 | |
---|
707 | |
---|
708 | |
---|
709 | |
---|
710 | In case of non-cyclic horizontal boundaries <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#call_psolver_at_all_substeps">call_psolver |
---|
711 | at_all_substeps</a> = .T. should be used.<br> |
---|
712 | |
---|
713 | |
---|
714 | |
---|
715 | |
---|
716 | |
---|
717 | |
---|
718 | <br> |
---|
719 | |
---|
720 | |
---|
721 | |
---|
722 | |
---|
723 | |
---|
724 | |
---|
725 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br> |
---|
726 | |
---|
727 | |
---|
728 | |
---|
729 | |
---|
730 | |
---|
731 | |
---|
732 | |
---|
733 | Using non-cyclic lateral boundaries requires very sensitive adjustments |
---|
734 | of the inflow (vertical profiles) and the bottom boundary conditions, |
---|
735 | e.g. a surface heating should not be applied near the inflow boundary |
---|
736 | because this may significantly disturb the inflow. Please check the |
---|
737 | model results very carefully.</td> |
---|
738 | |
---|
739 | |
---|
740 | |
---|
741 | |
---|
742 | |
---|
743 | |
---|
744 | </tr> |
---|
745 | |
---|
746 | |
---|
747 | |
---|
748 | |
---|
749 | |
---|
750 | |
---|
751 | <tr> |
---|
752 | |
---|
753 | |
---|
754 | |
---|
755 | |
---|
756 | |
---|
757 | |
---|
758 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
759 | |
---|
760 | |
---|
761 | |
---|
762 | |
---|
763 | |
---|
764 | |
---|
765 | <p><a name="bc_ns"></a><b>bc_ns</b></p> |
---|
766 | |
---|
767 | |
---|
768 | |
---|
769 | |
---|
770 | |
---|
771 | |
---|
772 | |
---|
773 | </td> |
---|
774 | |
---|
775 | |
---|
776 | |
---|
777 | |
---|
778 | |
---|
779 | |
---|
780 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
781 | |
---|
782 | |
---|
783 | |
---|
784 | |
---|
785 | |
---|
786 | |
---|
787 | |
---|
788 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span></td> |
---|
789 | |
---|
790 | |
---|
791 | |
---|
792 | |
---|
793 | |
---|
794 | |
---|
795 | |
---|
796 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Boundary |
---|
797 | condition along y (for all quantities).<br> |
---|
798 | |
---|
799 | |
---|
800 | |
---|
801 | |
---|
802 | |
---|
803 | |
---|
804 | <br> |
---|
805 | |
---|
806 | |
---|
807 | |
---|
808 | |
---|
809 | |
---|
810 | |
---|
811 | |
---|
812 | By default, a cyclic boundary condition is used along y.<br> |
---|
813 | |
---|
814 | |
---|
815 | |
---|
816 | |
---|
817 | |
---|
818 | |
---|
819 | <br> |
---|
820 | |
---|
821 | |
---|
822 | |
---|
823 | |
---|
824 | |
---|
825 | |
---|
826 | |
---|
827 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_ns</span> may |
---|
828 | also be |
---|
829 | assigned the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet/radiation'</span> |
---|
830 | (inflow from rear ("north"), outflow to the front ("south")) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'radiation/dirichlet'</span> |
---|
831 | (inflow from front ("south"), outflow to the rear ("north")). This |
---|
832 | requires the multi-grid |
---|
833 | method to be used for solving the Poisson equation for perturbation |
---|
834 | pressure (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
---|
835 | and it also requires cyclic boundary conditions along x (see<br> |
---|
836 | |
---|
837 | |
---|
838 | |
---|
839 | |
---|
840 | |
---|
841 | |
---|
842 | <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>).<br> |
---|
843 | |
---|
844 | |
---|
845 | |
---|
846 | |
---|
847 | |
---|
848 | |
---|
849 | <br> |
---|
850 | |
---|
851 | |
---|
852 | |
---|
853 | |
---|
854 | |
---|
855 | |
---|
856 | |
---|
857 | In case of these non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a Dirichlet condition |
---|
858 | is used at the inflow for all quantities (initial vertical profiles - |
---|
859 | see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
---|
860 | - are fixed during the run) except u, to which a Neumann (zero |
---|
861 | gradient) condition is applied. At the outflow, a radiation condition is used for all velocity components, while a Neumann (zero |
---|
862 | gradient) condition is used for the scalars. For perturbation |
---|
863 | pressure Neumann (zero gradient) conditions are assumed both at the |
---|
864 | inflow and at the outflow.<br> |
---|
865 | |
---|
866 | |
---|
867 | |
---|
868 | |
---|
869 | |
---|
870 | |
---|
871 | <br> |
---|
872 | |
---|
873 | |
---|
874 | |
---|
875 | |
---|
876 | |
---|
877 | |
---|
878 | |
---|
879 | For further details regarding non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions |
---|
880 | see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>.</td> |
---|
881 | |
---|
882 | |
---|
883 | |
---|
884 | |
---|
885 | |
---|
886 | |
---|
887 | </tr> |
---|
888 | |
---|
889 | |
---|
890 | |
---|
891 | |
---|
892 | |
---|
893 | |
---|
894 | |
---|
895 | <tr> |
---|
896 | |
---|
897 | |
---|
898 | |
---|
899 | |
---|
900 | |
---|
901 | |
---|
902 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
903 | |
---|
904 | |
---|
905 | |
---|
906 | |
---|
907 | |
---|
908 | |
---|
909 | <p><a name="bc_p_b"></a><b>bc_p_b</b></p> |
---|
910 | |
---|
911 | |
---|
912 | |
---|
913 | |
---|
914 | |
---|
915 | |
---|
916 | </td> |
---|
917 | |
---|
918 | |
---|
919 | |
---|
920 | |
---|
921 | |
---|
922 | |
---|
923 | |
---|
924 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
925 | |
---|
926 | |
---|
927 | |
---|
928 | |
---|
929 | |
---|
930 | |
---|
931 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
---|
932 | |
---|
933 | |
---|
934 | |
---|
935 | |
---|
936 | |
---|
937 | |
---|
938 | |
---|
939 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
940 | |
---|
941 | |
---|
942 | |
---|
943 | |
---|
944 | |
---|
945 | |
---|
946 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
---|
947 | perturbation pressure. </p> |
---|
948 | |
---|
949 | |
---|
950 | |
---|
951 | |
---|
952 | |
---|
953 | |
---|
954 | |
---|
955 | |
---|
956 | |
---|
957 | |
---|
958 | |
---|
959 | |
---|
960 | |
---|
961 | <p>Allowed values |
---|
962 | are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>, |
---|
963 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
964 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann+inhomo'</span>. |
---|
965 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
---|
966 | sets |
---|
967 | p(k=0)=0.0, <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
968 | sets p(k=0)=p(k=1). <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann+inhomo'</span> |
---|
969 | corresponds to an extended Neumann boundary condition where heat flux |
---|
970 | or temperature inhomogeneities near the |
---|
971 | surface (pt(k=1)) are additionally regarded (see Shen and |
---|
972 | LeClerc |
---|
973 | (1995, Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., |
---|
974 | 1209)). This condition is only permitted with the Prandtl-layer |
---|
975 | switched on (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>), |
---|
976 | otherwise the run is terminated. </p> |
---|
977 | |
---|
978 | |
---|
979 | |
---|
980 | |
---|
981 | |
---|
982 | |
---|
983 | |
---|
984 | |
---|
985 | |
---|
986 | |
---|
987 | |
---|
988 | |
---|
989 | |
---|
990 | <p>Since |
---|
991 | at the bottom boundary of the model the vertical |
---|
992 | velocity |
---|
993 | disappears (w(k=0) = 0.0), the consistent Neumann condition (<span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann+inhomo'</span>) |
---|
994 | dp/dz = 0 should |
---|
995 | be used, which leaves the vertical component w unchanged when the |
---|
996 | pressure solver is applied. Simultaneous use of the Neumann boundary |
---|
997 | conditions both at the bottom and at the top boundary (<a href="#bc_p_t">bc_p_t</a>) |
---|
998 | usually yields no consistent solution for the perturbation pressure and |
---|
999 | should be avoided.</p> |
---|
1000 | |
---|
1001 | |
---|
1002 | |
---|
1003 | |
---|
1004 | |
---|
1005 | |
---|
1006 | </td> |
---|
1007 | |
---|
1008 | |
---|
1009 | |
---|
1010 | |
---|
1011 | |
---|
1012 | |
---|
1013 | </tr> |
---|
1014 | |
---|
1015 | |
---|
1016 | |
---|
1017 | |
---|
1018 | |
---|
1019 | |
---|
1020 | <tr> |
---|
1021 | |
---|
1022 | |
---|
1023 | |
---|
1024 | |
---|
1025 | |
---|
1026 | |
---|
1027 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1028 | |
---|
1029 | |
---|
1030 | |
---|
1031 | |
---|
1032 | |
---|
1033 | |
---|
1034 | <p><a name="bc_p_t"></a><b>bc_p_t</b></p> |
---|
1035 | |
---|
1036 | |
---|
1037 | |
---|
1038 | |
---|
1039 | |
---|
1040 | |
---|
1041 | |
---|
1042 | </td> |
---|
1043 | |
---|
1044 | |
---|
1045 | |
---|
1046 | |
---|
1047 | |
---|
1048 | |
---|
1049 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
1050 | |
---|
1051 | |
---|
1052 | |
---|
1053 | |
---|
1054 | |
---|
1055 | |
---|
1056 | |
---|
1057 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
---|
1058 | |
---|
1059 | |
---|
1060 | |
---|
1061 | |
---|
1062 | |
---|
1063 | |
---|
1064 | |
---|
1065 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1066 | |
---|
1067 | |
---|
1068 | |
---|
1069 | |
---|
1070 | |
---|
1071 | |
---|
1072 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
---|
1073 | perturbation pressure. </p> |
---|
1074 | |
---|
1075 | |
---|
1076 | |
---|
1077 | |
---|
1078 | |
---|
1079 | |
---|
1080 | |
---|
1081 | |
---|
1082 | |
---|
1083 | |
---|
1084 | |
---|
1085 | |
---|
1086 | |
---|
1087 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Allowed values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
---|
1088 | (p(k=nz+1)= 0.0) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1089 | (p(k=nz+1)=p(k=nz)). </p> |
---|
1090 | |
---|
1091 | |
---|
1092 | |
---|
1093 | |
---|
1094 | |
---|
1095 | |
---|
1096 | |
---|
1097 | |
---|
1098 | |
---|
1099 | |
---|
1100 | |
---|
1101 | |
---|
1102 | |
---|
1103 | <p>Simultaneous use |
---|
1104 | of Neumann boundary conditions both at the |
---|
1105 | top and bottom boundary (<a href="#bc_p_b">bc_p_b</a>) |
---|
1106 | usually yields no consistent solution for the perturbation pressure and |
---|
1107 | should be avoided. Since at the bottom boundary the Neumann |
---|
1108 | condition is a good choice (see <a href="#bc_p_b">bc_p_b</a>), |
---|
1109 | a Dirichlet condition should be set at the top boundary.</p> |
---|
1110 | |
---|
1111 | |
---|
1112 | |
---|
1113 | |
---|
1114 | |
---|
1115 | |
---|
1116 | </td> |
---|
1117 | |
---|
1118 | |
---|
1119 | |
---|
1120 | |
---|
1121 | |
---|
1122 | |
---|
1123 | |
---|
1124 | </tr> |
---|
1125 | |
---|
1126 | |
---|
1127 | |
---|
1128 | |
---|
1129 | |
---|
1130 | |
---|
1131 | <tr> |
---|
1132 | |
---|
1133 | |
---|
1134 | |
---|
1135 | |
---|
1136 | |
---|
1137 | |
---|
1138 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1139 | |
---|
1140 | |
---|
1141 | |
---|
1142 | |
---|
1143 | |
---|
1144 | |
---|
1145 | <p><a name="bc_pt_b"></a><b>bc_pt_b</b></p> |
---|
1146 | |
---|
1147 | |
---|
1148 | |
---|
1149 | |
---|
1150 | |
---|
1151 | |
---|
1152 | |
---|
1153 | </td> |
---|
1154 | |
---|
1155 | |
---|
1156 | |
---|
1157 | |
---|
1158 | |
---|
1159 | |
---|
1160 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20</td> |
---|
1161 | |
---|
1162 | |
---|
1163 | |
---|
1164 | |
---|
1165 | |
---|
1166 | |
---|
1167 | |
---|
1168 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
---|
1169 | |
---|
1170 | |
---|
1171 | |
---|
1172 | |
---|
1173 | |
---|
1174 | |
---|
1175 | |
---|
1176 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1177 | |
---|
1178 | |
---|
1179 | |
---|
1180 | |
---|
1181 | |
---|
1182 | |
---|
1183 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
---|
1184 | potential temperature. </p> |
---|
1185 | |
---|
1186 | |
---|
1187 | |
---|
1188 | |
---|
1189 | |
---|
1190 | |
---|
1191 | |
---|
1192 | |
---|
1193 | |
---|
1194 | |
---|
1195 | |
---|
1196 | |
---|
1197 | |
---|
1198 | <p>Allowed values |
---|
1199 | are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
---|
1200 | (pt(k=0) = const. = <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a> |
---|
1201 | + <a href="#pt_surface_initial_change">pt_surface_initial_change</a>; |
---|
1202 | the user may change this value during the run using user-defined code) |
---|
1203 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1204 | (pt(k=0)=pt(k=1)). <br> |
---|
1205 | |
---|
1206 | |
---|
1207 | |
---|
1208 | |
---|
1209 | |
---|
1210 | |
---|
1211 | |
---|
1212 | When a constant surface sensible heat flux is used (<a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>), <b>bc_pt_b</b> |
---|
1213 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1214 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
---|
1215 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
---|
1216 | |
---|
1217 | |
---|
1218 | |
---|
1219 | |
---|
1220 | |
---|
1221 | |
---|
1222 | |
---|
1223 | |
---|
1224 | |
---|
1225 | |
---|
1226 | |
---|
1227 | |
---|
1228 | <p>In the <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> atmosphere executable, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a> is internally set and does not need to be prescribed.</p> |
---|
1229 | |
---|
1230 | |
---|
1231 | |
---|
1232 | |
---|
1233 | |
---|
1234 | |
---|
1235 | |
---|
1236 | </td> |
---|
1237 | |
---|
1238 | |
---|
1239 | |
---|
1240 | |
---|
1241 | |
---|
1242 | |
---|
1243 | </tr> |
---|
1244 | |
---|
1245 | |
---|
1246 | |
---|
1247 | |
---|
1248 | |
---|
1249 | |
---|
1250 | <tr> |
---|
1251 | |
---|
1252 | |
---|
1253 | |
---|
1254 | |
---|
1255 | |
---|
1256 | |
---|
1257 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1258 | |
---|
1259 | |
---|
1260 | |
---|
1261 | |
---|
1262 | |
---|
1263 | |
---|
1264 | <p><a name="pc_pt_t"></a><b>bc_pt_t</b></p> |
---|
1265 | |
---|
1266 | |
---|
1267 | |
---|
1268 | |
---|
1269 | |
---|
1270 | |
---|
1271 | |
---|
1272 | </td> |
---|
1273 | |
---|
1274 | |
---|
1275 | |
---|
1276 | |
---|
1277 | |
---|
1278 | |
---|
1279 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
1280 | |
---|
1281 | |
---|
1282 | |
---|
1283 | |
---|
1284 | |
---|
1285 | |
---|
1286 | |
---|
1287 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'initial_ gradient'</span></td> |
---|
1288 | |
---|
1289 | |
---|
1290 | |
---|
1291 | |
---|
1292 | |
---|
1293 | |
---|
1294 | |
---|
1295 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1296 | |
---|
1297 | |
---|
1298 | |
---|
1299 | |
---|
1300 | |
---|
1301 | |
---|
1302 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
---|
1303 | potential temperature. </p> |
---|
1304 | |
---|
1305 | |
---|
1306 | |
---|
1307 | |
---|
1308 | |
---|
1309 | |
---|
1310 | |
---|
1311 | |
---|
1312 | |
---|
1313 | |
---|
1314 | |
---|
1315 | |
---|
1316 | |
---|
1317 | <p>Allowed are the |
---|
1318 | values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>(pt(k=nz+1) |
---|
1319 | does not change during the run), <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1320 | (pt(k=nz+1)=pt(k=nz)), and <span style="font-style: italic;">'initial_gradient'</span>. |
---|
1321 | With the 'initial_gradient'-condition the value of the temperature |
---|
1322 | gradient at the top is |
---|
1323 | calculated from the initial |
---|
1324 | temperature profile (see <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>, |
---|
1325 | <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>) |
---|
1326 | by bc_pt_t_val = (pt_init(k=nz+1) - |
---|
1327 | pt_init(k=nz)) / dzu(nz+1).<br> |
---|
1328 | |
---|
1329 | |
---|
1330 | |
---|
1331 | |
---|
1332 | |
---|
1333 | |
---|
1334 | |
---|
1335 | Using this value (assumed constant during the |
---|
1336 | run) the temperature boundary values are calculated as </p> |
---|
1337 | |
---|
1338 | |
---|
1339 | |
---|
1340 | |
---|
1341 | |
---|
1342 | |
---|
1343 | |
---|
1344 | |
---|
1345 | |
---|
1346 | |
---|
1347 | |
---|
1348 | |
---|
1349 | |
---|
1350 | <ul> |
---|
1351 | |
---|
1352 | |
---|
1353 | |
---|
1354 | |
---|
1355 | |
---|
1356 | |
---|
1357 | |
---|
1358 | |
---|
1359 | |
---|
1360 | |
---|
1361 | |
---|
1362 | |
---|
1363 | |
---|
1364 | <p style="font-style: normal;">pt(k=nz+1) = |
---|
1365 | pt(k=nz) + |
---|
1366 | bc_pt_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> |
---|
1367 | |
---|
1368 | |
---|
1369 | |
---|
1370 | |
---|
1371 | |
---|
1372 | |
---|
1373 | |
---|
1374 | |
---|
1375 | |
---|
1376 | |
---|
1377 | |
---|
1378 | |
---|
1379 | |
---|
1380 | </ul> |
---|
1381 | |
---|
1382 | |
---|
1383 | |
---|
1384 | |
---|
1385 | |
---|
1386 | |
---|
1387 | |
---|
1388 | |
---|
1389 | |
---|
1390 | |
---|
1391 | |
---|
1392 | |
---|
1393 | |
---|
1394 | <p style="font-style: normal;">(up to k=nz the prognostic |
---|
1395 | equation for the temperature is solved).<br> |
---|
1396 | |
---|
1397 | |
---|
1398 | |
---|
1399 | |
---|
1400 | |
---|
1401 | |
---|
1402 | |
---|
1403 | When a constant sensible heat flux is used at the top boundary (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_heatflux">top_heatflux</a>), |
---|
1404 | <b>bc_pt_t</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1405 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
---|
1406 | the top flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
---|
1407 | |
---|
1408 | |
---|
1409 | |
---|
1410 | |
---|
1411 | |
---|
1412 | |
---|
1413 | </td> |
---|
1414 | |
---|
1415 | |
---|
1416 | |
---|
1417 | |
---|
1418 | |
---|
1419 | |
---|
1420 | |
---|
1421 | </tr> |
---|
1422 | |
---|
1423 | |
---|
1424 | |
---|
1425 | |
---|
1426 | |
---|
1427 | |
---|
1428 | <tr> |
---|
1429 | |
---|
1430 | |
---|
1431 | |
---|
1432 | |
---|
1433 | |
---|
1434 | |
---|
1435 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1436 | |
---|
1437 | |
---|
1438 | |
---|
1439 | |
---|
1440 | |
---|
1441 | |
---|
1442 | <p><a name="bc_q_b"></a><b>bc_q_b</b></p> |
---|
1443 | |
---|
1444 | |
---|
1445 | |
---|
1446 | |
---|
1447 | |
---|
1448 | |
---|
1449 | |
---|
1450 | </td> |
---|
1451 | |
---|
1452 | |
---|
1453 | |
---|
1454 | |
---|
1455 | |
---|
1456 | |
---|
1457 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
1458 | |
---|
1459 | |
---|
1460 | |
---|
1461 | |
---|
1462 | |
---|
1463 | |
---|
1464 | |
---|
1465 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
---|
1466 | |
---|
1467 | |
---|
1468 | |
---|
1469 | |
---|
1470 | |
---|
1471 | |
---|
1472 | |
---|
1473 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1474 | |
---|
1475 | |
---|
1476 | |
---|
1477 | |
---|
1478 | |
---|
1479 | |
---|
1480 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
---|
1481 | specific humidity / total water content. </p> |
---|
1482 | |
---|
1483 | |
---|
1484 | |
---|
1485 | |
---|
1486 | |
---|
1487 | |
---|
1488 | |
---|
1489 | |
---|
1490 | |
---|
1491 | |
---|
1492 | |
---|
1493 | |
---|
1494 | |
---|
1495 | <p>Allowed |
---|
1496 | values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
---|
1497 | (q(k=0) = const. = <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a> |
---|
1498 | + <a href="#q_surface_initial_change">q_surface_initial_change</a>; |
---|
1499 | the user may change this value during the run using user-defined code) |
---|
1500 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1501 | (q(k=0)=q(k=1)). <br> |
---|
1502 | |
---|
1503 | |
---|
1504 | |
---|
1505 | |
---|
1506 | |
---|
1507 | |
---|
1508 | |
---|
1509 | When a constant surface latent heat flux is used (<a href="#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>), <b>bc_q_b</b> |
---|
1510 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1511 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
---|
1512 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
---|
1513 | |
---|
1514 | |
---|
1515 | |
---|
1516 | |
---|
1517 | |
---|
1518 | |
---|
1519 | |
---|
1520 | </td> |
---|
1521 | |
---|
1522 | |
---|
1523 | |
---|
1524 | |
---|
1525 | |
---|
1526 | |
---|
1527 | </tr> |
---|
1528 | |
---|
1529 | |
---|
1530 | |
---|
1531 | |
---|
1532 | |
---|
1533 | |
---|
1534 | <tr> |
---|
1535 | |
---|
1536 | |
---|
1537 | |
---|
1538 | |
---|
1539 | |
---|
1540 | |
---|
1541 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1542 | |
---|
1543 | |
---|
1544 | |
---|
1545 | |
---|
1546 | |
---|
1547 | |
---|
1548 | <p><a name="bc_q_t"></a><b>bc_q_t</b></p> |
---|
1549 | |
---|
1550 | |
---|
1551 | |
---|
1552 | |
---|
1553 | |
---|
1554 | |
---|
1555 | |
---|
1556 | </td> |
---|
1557 | |
---|
1558 | |
---|
1559 | |
---|
1560 | |
---|
1561 | |
---|
1562 | |
---|
1563 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">C |
---|
1564 | * 20</span></td> |
---|
1565 | |
---|
1566 | |
---|
1567 | |
---|
1568 | |
---|
1569 | |
---|
1570 | |
---|
1571 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
---|
1572 | |
---|
1573 | |
---|
1574 | |
---|
1575 | |
---|
1576 | |
---|
1577 | |
---|
1578 | |
---|
1579 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1580 | |
---|
1581 | |
---|
1582 | |
---|
1583 | |
---|
1584 | |
---|
1585 | |
---|
1586 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
---|
1587 | specific humidity / total water content. </p> |
---|
1588 | |
---|
1589 | |
---|
1590 | |
---|
1591 | |
---|
1592 | |
---|
1593 | |
---|
1594 | |
---|
1595 | |
---|
1596 | |
---|
1597 | |
---|
1598 | |
---|
1599 | |
---|
1600 | |
---|
1601 | <p>Allowed |
---|
1602 | are the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
---|
1603 | (q(k=nz) and q(k=nz+1) do |
---|
1604 | not change during the run) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
---|
1605 | With the Neumann boundary |
---|
1606 | condition the value of the humidity gradient at the top is calculated |
---|
1607 | from the |
---|
1608 | initial humidity profile (see <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>, |
---|
1609 | <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>) |
---|
1610 | by: bc_q_t_val = ( q_init(k=nz) - q_init(k=nz-1)) / dzu(nz).<br> |
---|
1611 | |
---|
1612 | |
---|
1613 | |
---|
1614 | |
---|
1615 | |
---|
1616 | |
---|
1617 | |
---|
1618 | Using this value (assumed constant during the run) the humidity |
---|
1619 | boundary values |
---|
1620 | are calculated as </p> |
---|
1621 | |
---|
1622 | |
---|
1623 | |
---|
1624 | |
---|
1625 | |
---|
1626 | |
---|
1627 | |
---|
1628 | |
---|
1629 | |
---|
1630 | |
---|
1631 | |
---|
1632 | |
---|
1633 | |
---|
1634 | <ul> |
---|
1635 | |
---|
1636 | |
---|
1637 | |
---|
1638 | |
---|
1639 | |
---|
1640 | |
---|
1641 | |
---|
1642 | |
---|
1643 | |
---|
1644 | |
---|
1645 | |
---|
1646 | |
---|
1647 | |
---|
1648 | <p style="font-style: normal;">q(k=nz+1) =q(k=nz) + |
---|
1649 | bc_q_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> |
---|
1650 | |
---|
1651 | |
---|
1652 | |
---|
1653 | |
---|
1654 | |
---|
1655 | |
---|
1656 | |
---|
1657 | |
---|
1658 | |
---|
1659 | |
---|
1660 | |
---|
1661 | |
---|
1662 | |
---|
1663 | </ul> |
---|
1664 | |
---|
1665 | |
---|
1666 | |
---|
1667 | |
---|
1668 | |
---|
1669 | |
---|
1670 | |
---|
1671 | |
---|
1672 | |
---|
1673 | |
---|
1674 | |
---|
1675 | |
---|
1676 | |
---|
1677 | <p style="font-style: normal;">(up tp k=nz the prognostic |
---|
1678 | equation for q is solved). </p> |
---|
1679 | |
---|
1680 | |
---|
1681 | |
---|
1682 | |
---|
1683 | |
---|
1684 | |
---|
1685 | </td> |
---|
1686 | |
---|
1687 | |
---|
1688 | |
---|
1689 | |
---|
1690 | |
---|
1691 | |
---|
1692 | </tr> |
---|
1693 | |
---|
1694 | |
---|
1695 | |
---|
1696 | |
---|
1697 | |
---|
1698 | |
---|
1699 | <tr> |
---|
1700 | |
---|
1701 | |
---|
1702 | |
---|
1703 | |
---|
1704 | |
---|
1705 | |
---|
1706 | |
---|
1707 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1708 | |
---|
1709 | |
---|
1710 | |
---|
1711 | |
---|
1712 | |
---|
1713 | |
---|
1714 | <p><a name="bc_s_b"></a><b>bc_s_b</b></p> |
---|
1715 | |
---|
1716 | |
---|
1717 | |
---|
1718 | |
---|
1719 | |
---|
1720 | |
---|
1721 | </td> |
---|
1722 | |
---|
1723 | |
---|
1724 | |
---|
1725 | |
---|
1726 | |
---|
1727 | |
---|
1728 | |
---|
1729 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
1730 | |
---|
1731 | |
---|
1732 | |
---|
1733 | |
---|
1734 | |
---|
1735 | |
---|
1736 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
---|
1737 | |
---|
1738 | |
---|
1739 | |
---|
1740 | |
---|
1741 | |
---|
1742 | |
---|
1743 | |
---|
1744 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1745 | |
---|
1746 | |
---|
1747 | |
---|
1748 | |
---|
1749 | |
---|
1750 | |
---|
1751 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
---|
1752 | scalar concentration. </p> |
---|
1753 | |
---|
1754 | |
---|
1755 | |
---|
1756 | |
---|
1757 | |
---|
1758 | |
---|
1759 | |
---|
1760 | |
---|
1761 | |
---|
1762 | |
---|
1763 | |
---|
1764 | |
---|
1765 | |
---|
1766 | <p>Allowed values |
---|
1767 | are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
---|
1768 | (s(k=0) = const. = <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a> |
---|
1769 | + <a href="#s_surface_initial_change">s_surface_initial_change</a>; |
---|
1770 | the user may change this value during the run using user-defined code) |
---|
1771 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1772 | (s(k=0) = |
---|
1773 | s(k=1)). <br> |
---|
1774 | |
---|
1775 | |
---|
1776 | |
---|
1777 | |
---|
1778 | |
---|
1779 | |
---|
1780 | |
---|
1781 | When a constant surface concentration flux is used (<a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>), <b>bc_s_b</b> |
---|
1782 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1783 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
---|
1784 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
---|
1785 | |
---|
1786 | |
---|
1787 | |
---|
1788 | |
---|
1789 | |
---|
1790 | |
---|
1791 | |
---|
1792 | </td> |
---|
1793 | |
---|
1794 | |
---|
1795 | |
---|
1796 | |
---|
1797 | |
---|
1798 | |
---|
1799 | </tr> |
---|
1800 | |
---|
1801 | |
---|
1802 | |
---|
1803 | |
---|
1804 | |
---|
1805 | |
---|
1806 | <tr> |
---|
1807 | |
---|
1808 | |
---|
1809 | |
---|
1810 | |
---|
1811 | |
---|
1812 | |
---|
1813 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1814 | |
---|
1815 | |
---|
1816 | |
---|
1817 | |
---|
1818 | |
---|
1819 | |
---|
1820 | <p><a name="bc_s_t"></a><b>bc_s_t</b></p> |
---|
1821 | |
---|
1822 | |
---|
1823 | |
---|
1824 | |
---|
1825 | |
---|
1826 | |
---|
1827 | |
---|
1828 | </td> |
---|
1829 | |
---|
1830 | |
---|
1831 | |
---|
1832 | |
---|
1833 | |
---|
1834 | |
---|
1835 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
1836 | |
---|
1837 | |
---|
1838 | |
---|
1839 | |
---|
1840 | |
---|
1841 | |
---|
1842 | |
---|
1843 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
---|
1844 | |
---|
1845 | |
---|
1846 | |
---|
1847 | |
---|
1848 | |
---|
1849 | |
---|
1850 | |
---|
1851 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1852 | |
---|
1853 | |
---|
1854 | |
---|
1855 | |
---|
1856 | |
---|
1857 | |
---|
1858 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
---|
1859 | scalar concentration. </p> |
---|
1860 | |
---|
1861 | |
---|
1862 | |
---|
1863 | |
---|
1864 | |
---|
1865 | |
---|
1866 | |
---|
1867 | |
---|
1868 | |
---|
1869 | |
---|
1870 | |
---|
1871 | |
---|
1872 | |
---|
1873 | <p>Allowed are the |
---|
1874 | values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
---|
1875 | (s(k=nz) and s(k=nz+1) do |
---|
1876 | not change during the run) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
---|
1877 | With the Neumann boundary |
---|
1878 | condition the value of the scalar concentration gradient at the top is |
---|
1879 | calculated |
---|
1880 | from the initial scalar concentration profile (see <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>, <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a>) |
---|
1881 | by: bc_s_t_val = (s_init(k=nz) - s_init(k=nz-1)) / dzu(nz).<br> |
---|
1882 | |
---|
1883 | |
---|
1884 | |
---|
1885 | |
---|
1886 | |
---|
1887 | |
---|
1888 | |
---|
1889 | Using this value (assumed constant during the run) the concentration |
---|
1890 | boundary values |
---|
1891 | are calculated as </p> |
---|
1892 | |
---|
1893 | |
---|
1894 | |
---|
1895 | |
---|
1896 | |
---|
1897 | |
---|
1898 | |
---|
1899 | |
---|
1900 | |
---|
1901 | |
---|
1902 | |
---|
1903 | |
---|
1904 | |
---|
1905 | <ul> |
---|
1906 | |
---|
1907 | |
---|
1908 | |
---|
1909 | |
---|
1910 | |
---|
1911 | |
---|
1912 | |
---|
1913 | |
---|
1914 | |
---|
1915 | |
---|
1916 | |
---|
1917 | |
---|
1918 | |
---|
1919 | <p style="font-style: normal;">s(k=nz+1) = s(k=nz) + |
---|
1920 | bc_s_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> |
---|
1921 | |
---|
1922 | |
---|
1923 | |
---|
1924 | |
---|
1925 | |
---|
1926 | |
---|
1927 | |
---|
1928 | |
---|
1929 | |
---|
1930 | |
---|
1931 | |
---|
1932 | |
---|
1933 | |
---|
1934 | </ul> |
---|
1935 | |
---|
1936 | |
---|
1937 | |
---|
1938 | |
---|
1939 | |
---|
1940 | |
---|
1941 | |
---|
1942 | |
---|
1943 | |
---|
1944 | |
---|
1945 | |
---|
1946 | |
---|
1947 | |
---|
1948 | <p style="font-style: normal;">(up to k=nz the prognostic |
---|
1949 | equation for the scalar concentration is |
---|
1950 | solved).</p> |
---|
1951 | |
---|
1952 | |
---|
1953 | |
---|
1954 | |
---|
1955 | |
---|
1956 | |
---|
1957 | </td> |
---|
1958 | |
---|
1959 | |
---|
1960 | |
---|
1961 | |
---|
1962 | |
---|
1963 | |
---|
1964 | </tr> |
---|
1965 | |
---|
1966 | |
---|
1967 | |
---|
1968 | |
---|
1969 | |
---|
1970 | |
---|
1971 | <tr> |
---|
1972 | |
---|
1973 | |
---|
1974 | |
---|
1975 | |
---|
1976 | |
---|
1977 | |
---|
1978 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="bc_sa_t"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_sa_t</span></td> |
---|
1979 | |
---|
1980 | |
---|
1981 | |
---|
1982 | |
---|
1983 | |
---|
1984 | |
---|
1985 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
1986 | |
---|
1987 | |
---|
1988 | |
---|
1989 | |
---|
1990 | |
---|
1991 | |
---|
1992 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
---|
1993 | |
---|
1994 | |
---|
1995 | |
---|
1996 | |
---|
1997 | |
---|
1998 | |
---|
1999 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
2000 | |
---|
2001 | |
---|
2002 | |
---|
2003 | |
---|
2004 | |
---|
2005 | |
---|
2006 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the salinity. </p> |
---|
2007 | |
---|
2008 | |
---|
2009 | |
---|
2010 | |
---|
2011 | |
---|
2012 | |
---|
2013 | |
---|
2014 | |
---|
2015 | |
---|
2016 | |
---|
2017 | |
---|
2018 | |
---|
2019 | |
---|
2020 | <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="#ocean">ocean</a>).</p> |
---|
2021 | |
---|
2022 | |
---|
2023 | |
---|
2024 | |
---|
2025 | |
---|
2026 | |
---|
2027 | |
---|
2028 | |
---|
2029 | |
---|
2030 | |
---|
2031 | |
---|
2032 | |
---|
2033 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Allowed are the |
---|
2034 | values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>(sa(k=nz+1) |
---|
2035 | does not change during the run) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
2036 | (sa(k=nz+1)=sa(k=nz))<span style="font-style: italic;"></span>. <br> |
---|
2037 | |
---|
2038 | |
---|
2039 | |
---|
2040 | |
---|
2041 | |
---|
2042 | |
---|
2043 | <br> |
---|
2044 | |
---|
2045 | |
---|
2046 | |
---|
2047 | |
---|
2048 | |
---|
2049 | |
---|
2050 | |
---|
2051 | When a constant salinity flux is used at the top boundary (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>), |
---|
2052 | <b>bc_sa_t</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
2053 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
---|
2054 | the top flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
---|
2055 | |
---|
2056 | |
---|
2057 | |
---|
2058 | |
---|
2059 | |
---|
2060 | |
---|
2061 | </td> |
---|
2062 | |
---|
2063 | |
---|
2064 | |
---|
2065 | |
---|
2066 | |
---|
2067 | |
---|
2068 | </tr> |
---|
2069 | |
---|
2070 | |
---|
2071 | |
---|
2072 | |
---|
2073 | |
---|
2074 | |
---|
2075 | <tr> |
---|
2076 | |
---|
2077 | |
---|
2078 | |
---|
2079 | |
---|
2080 | |
---|
2081 | |
---|
2082 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
2083 | |
---|
2084 | |
---|
2085 | |
---|
2086 | |
---|
2087 | |
---|
2088 | |
---|
2089 | <p><a name="bc_uv_b"></a><b>bc_uv_b</b></p> |
---|
2090 | |
---|
2091 | |
---|
2092 | |
---|
2093 | |
---|
2094 | |
---|
2095 | |
---|
2096 | |
---|
2097 | </td> |
---|
2098 | |
---|
2099 | |
---|
2100 | |
---|
2101 | |
---|
2102 | |
---|
2103 | |
---|
2104 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
2105 | |
---|
2106 | |
---|
2107 | |
---|
2108 | |
---|
2109 | |
---|
2110 | |
---|
2111 | |
---|
2112 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
---|
2113 | |
---|
2114 | |
---|
2115 | |
---|
2116 | |
---|
2117 | |
---|
2118 | |
---|
2119 | |
---|
2120 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
2121 | |
---|
2122 | |
---|
2123 | |
---|
2124 | |
---|
2125 | |
---|
2126 | |
---|
2127 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
---|
2128 | horizontal velocity components u and v. </p> |
---|
2129 | |
---|
2130 | |
---|
2131 | |
---|
2132 | |
---|
2133 | |
---|
2134 | |
---|
2135 | |
---|
2136 | |
---|
2137 | |
---|
2138 | |
---|
2139 | |
---|
2140 | |
---|
2141 | |
---|
2142 | <p>Allowed |
---|
2143 | values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>and |
---|
2144 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. <b>bc_uv_b</b> |
---|
2145 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
---|
2146 | yields the |
---|
2147 | no-slip condition with u=v=0 at the bottom. Due to the staggered grid |
---|
2148 | u(k=0) and v(k=0) are located at z = - 0,5 * <a href="#dz">dz</a> |
---|
2149 | (below the bottom), while u(k=1) and v(k=1) are located at z = +0,5 * |
---|
2150 | dz. u=v=0 at the bottom is guaranteed using mirror boundary |
---|
2151 | condition: </p> |
---|
2152 | |
---|
2153 | |
---|
2154 | |
---|
2155 | |
---|
2156 | |
---|
2157 | |
---|
2158 | |
---|
2159 | |
---|
2160 | |
---|
2161 | |
---|
2162 | |
---|
2163 | |
---|
2164 | |
---|
2165 | <ul> |
---|
2166 | |
---|
2167 | |
---|
2168 | |
---|
2169 | |
---|
2170 | |
---|
2171 | |
---|
2172 | |
---|
2173 | |
---|
2174 | |
---|
2175 | |
---|
2176 | |
---|
2177 | |
---|
2178 | |
---|
2179 | <p style="font-style: normal;">u(k=0) = - u(k=1) and v(k=0) = - |
---|
2180 | v(k=1)</p> |
---|
2181 | |
---|
2182 | |
---|
2183 | |
---|
2184 | |
---|
2185 | |
---|
2186 | |
---|
2187 | |
---|
2188 | |
---|
2189 | |
---|
2190 | |
---|
2191 | |
---|
2192 | |
---|
2193 | |
---|
2194 | </ul> |
---|
2195 | |
---|
2196 | |
---|
2197 | |
---|
2198 | |
---|
2199 | |
---|
2200 | |
---|
2201 | |
---|
2202 | |
---|
2203 | |
---|
2204 | |
---|
2205 | |
---|
2206 | |
---|
2207 | |
---|
2208 | <p style="font-style: normal;">The |
---|
2209 | Neumann boundary condition |
---|
2210 | yields the free-slip condition with u(k=0) = u(k=1) and v(k=0) = |
---|
2211 | v(k=1). |
---|
2212 | With Prandtl - layer switched on, the free-slip condition is not |
---|
2213 | allowed (otherwise the run will be terminated)<font color="#000000">.</font></p> |
---|
2214 | |
---|
2215 | |
---|
2216 | |
---|
2217 | |
---|
2218 | |
---|
2219 | |
---|
2220 | |
---|
2221 | </td> |
---|
2222 | |
---|
2223 | |
---|
2224 | |
---|
2225 | |
---|
2226 | |
---|
2227 | |
---|
2228 | </tr> |
---|
2229 | |
---|
2230 | |
---|
2231 | |
---|
2232 | |
---|
2233 | |
---|
2234 | |
---|
2235 | <tr> |
---|
2236 | |
---|
2237 | |
---|
2238 | |
---|
2239 | |
---|
2240 | |
---|
2241 | |
---|
2242 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
2243 | |
---|
2244 | |
---|
2245 | |
---|
2246 | |
---|
2247 | |
---|
2248 | |
---|
2249 | <p><a name="bc_uv_t"></a><b>bc_uv_t</b></p> |
---|
2250 | |
---|
2251 | |
---|
2252 | |
---|
2253 | |
---|
2254 | |
---|
2255 | |
---|
2256 | |
---|
2257 | </td> |
---|
2258 | |
---|
2259 | |
---|
2260 | |
---|
2261 | |
---|
2262 | |
---|
2263 | |
---|
2264 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
2265 | |
---|
2266 | |
---|
2267 | |
---|
2268 | |
---|
2269 | |
---|
2270 | |
---|
2271 | |
---|
2272 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
---|
2273 | |
---|
2274 | |
---|
2275 | |
---|
2276 | |
---|
2277 | |
---|
2278 | |
---|
2279 | |
---|
2280 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
2281 | |
---|
2282 | |
---|
2283 | |
---|
2284 | |
---|
2285 | |
---|
2286 | |
---|
2287 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
---|
2288 | horizontal velocity components u and v. </p> |
---|
2289 | |
---|
2290 | |
---|
2291 | |
---|
2292 | |
---|
2293 | |
---|
2294 | |
---|
2295 | |
---|
2296 | |
---|
2297 | |
---|
2298 | |
---|
2299 | |
---|
2300 | |
---|
2301 | |
---|
2302 | <p>Allowed |
---|
2303 | values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet_0'</span> |
---|
2304 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
---|
2305 | The |
---|
2306 | Dirichlet condition yields u(k=nz+1) = ug(nz+1) and v(k=nz+1) = |
---|
2307 | vg(nz+1), |
---|
2308 | Neumann condition yields the free-slip condition with u(k=nz+1) = |
---|
2309 | u(k=nz) and v(k=nz+1) = v(k=nz) (up to k=nz the prognostic equations |
---|
2310 | for the velocities are solved). The special condition <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet_0'</span> can be used for channel flow, it yields the no-slip condition u(k=nz+1) = ug(nz+1) = 0 and v(k=nz+1) = |
---|
2311 | vg(nz+1) = 0.</p> |
---|
2312 | |
---|
2313 | |
---|
2314 | |
---|
2315 | |
---|
2316 | |
---|
2317 | |
---|
2318 | |
---|
2319 | |
---|
2320 | |
---|
2321 | |
---|
2322 | |
---|
2323 | |
---|
2324 | <p>In the <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> ocean executable, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a> is internally set ('neumann') and does not need to be prescribed.</p> |
---|
2325 | |
---|
2326 | |
---|
2327 | |
---|
2328 | |
---|
2329 | |
---|
2330 | |
---|
2331 | </td> |
---|
2332 | |
---|
2333 | |
---|
2334 | |
---|
2335 | |
---|
2336 | |
---|
2337 | |
---|
2338 | </tr> |
---|
2339 | |
---|
2340 | |
---|
2341 | |
---|
2342 | |
---|
2343 | |
---|
2344 | |
---|
2345 | <tr> |
---|
2346 | |
---|
2347 | |
---|
2348 | |
---|
2349 | |
---|
2350 | |
---|
2351 | |
---|
2352 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="bottom_salinityflux"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">bottom_salinityflux</span></td> |
---|
2353 | |
---|
2354 | |
---|
2355 | |
---|
2356 | |
---|
2357 | |
---|
2358 | |
---|
2359 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
2360 | |
---|
2361 | |
---|
2362 | |
---|
2363 | |
---|
2364 | |
---|
2365 | |
---|
2366 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
---|
2367 | |
---|
2368 | |
---|
2369 | |
---|
2370 | |
---|
2371 | |
---|
2372 | |
---|
2373 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
2374 | |
---|
2375 | |
---|
2376 | |
---|
2377 | |
---|
2378 | |
---|
2379 | |
---|
2380 | <p>Kinematic salinity flux near the surface (in psu m/s). </p> |
---|
2381 | |
---|
2382 | |
---|
2383 | |
---|
2384 | |
---|
2385 | |
---|
2386 | |
---|
2387 | This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>). |
---|
2388 | |
---|
2389 | |
---|
2390 | |
---|
2391 | |
---|
2392 | |
---|
2393 | |
---|
2394 | <p>The |
---|
2395 | respective salinity flux value is used |
---|
2396 | as bottom (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the salinity equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann |
---|
2397 | condition must be used for the salinity, which is currently the only available condition.<br> |
---|
2398 | |
---|
2399 | |
---|
2400 | |
---|
2401 | |
---|
2402 | |
---|
2403 | |
---|
2404 | </p> |
---|
2405 | |
---|
2406 | |
---|
2407 | |
---|
2408 | |
---|
2409 | |
---|
2410 | |
---|
2411 | </td> |
---|
2412 | |
---|
2413 | |
---|
2414 | |
---|
2415 | |
---|
2416 | |
---|
2417 | |
---|
2418 | </tr> |
---|
2419 | |
---|
2420 | |
---|
2421 | |
---|
2422 | |
---|
2423 | |
---|
2424 | |
---|
2425 | <tr> |
---|
2426 | |
---|
2427 | |
---|
2428 | |
---|
2429 | |
---|
2430 | |
---|
2431 | |
---|
2432 | |
---|
2433 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_height"></a>building_height</span></td> |
---|
2434 | |
---|
2435 | |
---|
2436 | |
---|
2437 | |
---|
2438 | |
---|
2439 | |
---|
2440 | |
---|
2441 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
2442 | |
---|
2443 | |
---|
2444 | |
---|
2445 | |
---|
2446 | |
---|
2447 | |
---|
2448 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> |
---|
2449 | |
---|
2450 | |
---|
2451 | |
---|
2452 | |
---|
2453 | |
---|
2454 | |
---|
2455 | <td>Height |
---|
2456 | of a single building in m.<br> |
---|
2457 | |
---|
2458 | |
---|
2459 | |
---|
2460 | |
---|
2461 | |
---|
2462 | |
---|
2463 | <br> |
---|
2464 | |
---|
2465 | |
---|
2466 | |
---|
2467 | |
---|
2468 | |
---|
2469 | |
---|
2470 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_height</span> must |
---|
2471 | be less than the height of the model domain. This parameter requires |
---|
2472 | the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
---|
2473 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td> |
---|
2474 | |
---|
2475 | |
---|
2476 | |
---|
2477 | |
---|
2478 | |
---|
2479 | |
---|
2480 | |
---|
2481 | </tr> |
---|
2482 | |
---|
2483 | |
---|
2484 | |
---|
2485 | |
---|
2486 | |
---|
2487 | |
---|
2488 | <tr> |
---|
2489 | |
---|
2490 | |
---|
2491 | |
---|
2492 | |
---|
2493 | |
---|
2494 | |
---|
2495 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_length_x"></a>building_length_x</span></td> |
---|
2496 | |
---|
2497 | |
---|
2498 | |
---|
2499 | |
---|
2500 | |
---|
2501 | |
---|
2502 | |
---|
2503 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
2504 | |
---|
2505 | |
---|
2506 | |
---|
2507 | |
---|
2508 | |
---|
2509 | |
---|
2510 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> |
---|
2511 | |
---|
2512 | |
---|
2513 | |
---|
2514 | |
---|
2515 | |
---|
2516 | |
---|
2517 | <td><span style="font-style: italic;"></span>Width of a single |
---|
2518 | building in m.<br> |
---|
2519 | |
---|
2520 | |
---|
2521 | |
---|
2522 | |
---|
2523 | |
---|
2524 | |
---|
2525 | <br> |
---|
2526 | |
---|
2527 | |
---|
2528 | |
---|
2529 | |
---|
2530 | |
---|
2531 | |
---|
2532 | |
---|
2533 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_length_x</span> |
---|
2534 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3 |
---|
2535 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dx">dx</a> and no more than <span style="font-style: italic;">( </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#nx">nx</a><span style="font-style: italic;"> - 1 ) </span><span style="font-style: italic;"> * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
---|
2536 | </span><span style="font-style: italic;">- <a href="#building_wall_left">building_wall_left</a></span>. |
---|
2537 | This parameter requires the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
---|
2538 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td> |
---|
2539 | |
---|
2540 | |
---|
2541 | |
---|
2542 | |
---|
2543 | |
---|
2544 | |
---|
2545 | |
---|
2546 | </tr> |
---|
2547 | |
---|
2548 | |
---|
2549 | |
---|
2550 | |
---|
2551 | |
---|
2552 | |
---|
2553 | <tr> |
---|
2554 | |
---|
2555 | |
---|
2556 | |
---|
2557 | |
---|
2558 | |
---|
2559 | |
---|
2560 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_length_y"></a>building_length_y</span></td> |
---|
2561 | |
---|
2562 | |
---|
2563 | |
---|
2564 | |
---|
2565 | |
---|
2566 | |
---|
2567 | |
---|
2568 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
2569 | |
---|
2570 | |
---|
2571 | |
---|
2572 | |
---|
2573 | |
---|
2574 | |
---|
2575 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> |
---|
2576 | |
---|
2577 | |
---|
2578 | |
---|
2579 | |
---|
2580 | |
---|
2581 | |
---|
2582 | <td>Depth |
---|
2583 | of a single building in m.<br> |
---|
2584 | |
---|
2585 | |
---|
2586 | |
---|
2587 | |
---|
2588 | |
---|
2589 | |
---|
2590 | <br> |
---|
2591 | |
---|
2592 | |
---|
2593 | |
---|
2594 | |
---|
2595 | |
---|
2596 | |
---|
2597 | |
---|
2598 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_length_y</span> |
---|
2599 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3 |
---|
2600 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dy">dy</a> and no more than <span style="font-style: italic;">( </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#ny">ny</a><span style="font-style: italic;"> - 1 ) </span><span style="font-style: italic;"> * <a href="#dy">dy</a></span><span style="font-style: italic;"> - <a href="#building_wall_south">building_wall_south</a></span>. This parameter requires |
---|
2601 | the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
---|
2602 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td> |
---|
2603 | |
---|
2604 | |
---|
2605 | |
---|
2606 | |
---|
2607 | |
---|
2608 | |
---|
2609 | |
---|
2610 | </tr> |
---|
2611 | |
---|
2612 | |
---|
2613 | |
---|
2614 | |
---|
2615 | |
---|
2616 | |
---|
2617 | <tr> |
---|
2618 | |
---|
2619 | |
---|
2620 | |
---|
2621 | |
---|
2622 | |
---|
2623 | |
---|
2624 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_wall_left"></a>building_wall_left</span></td> |
---|
2625 | |
---|
2626 | |
---|
2627 | |
---|
2628 | |
---|
2629 | |
---|
2630 | |
---|
2631 | |
---|
2632 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
2633 | |
---|
2634 | |
---|
2635 | |
---|
2636 | |
---|
2637 | |
---|
2638 | |
---|
2639 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in x-direction</span></td> |
---|
2640 | |
---|
2641 | |
---|
2642 | |
---|
2643 | |
---|
2644 | |
---|
2645 | |
---|
2646 | |
---|
2647 | <td>x-coordinate of the left building wall (distance between the |
---|
2648 | left building wall and the left border of the model domain) in m.<br> |
---|
2649 | |
---|
2650 | |
---|
2651 | |
---|
2652 | |
---|
2653 | |
---|
2654 | |
---|
2655 | |
---|
2656 | <br> |
---|
2657 | |
---|
2658 | |
---|
2659 | |
---|
2660 | |
---|
2661 | |
---|
2662 | |
---|
2663 | |
---|
2664 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_left</span> |
---|
2665 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1 |
---|
2666 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dx">dx</a> and less than <span style="font-style: italic;">( <a href="#nx">nx</a> |
---|
2667 | - 1 ) * <a href="#dx">dx</a> - <a href="#building_length_x">building_length_x</a></span>. |
---|
2668 | This parameter requires the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
---|
2669 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.<br> |
---|
2670 | |
---|
2671 | |
---|
2672 | |
---|
2673 | |
---|
2674 | |
---|
2675 | |
---|
2676 | |
---|
2677 | <br> |
---|
2678 | |
---|
2679 | |
---|
2680 | |
---|
2681 | |
---|
2682 | |
---|
2683 | |
---|
2684 | |
---|
2685 | The default value <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_left</span> |
---|
2686 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="#nx">nx</a> + |
---|
2687 | 1 ) * <a href="#dx">dx</a> - <a href="#building_length_x">building_length_x</a> ) / 2</span> |
---|
2688 | centers the building in x-direction. <font color="#000000">Due to the staggered grid the building will be displaced by -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> in x-direction and -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> in y-direction.</font> </td> |
---|
2689 | |
---|
2690 | |
---|
2691 | |
---|
2692 | |
---|
2693 | |
---|
2694 | |
---|
2695 | </tr> |
---|
2696 | |
---|
2697 | |
---|
2698 | |
---|
2699 | |
---|
2700 | |
---|
2701 | |
---|
2702 | <tr> |
---|
2703 | |
---|
2704 | |
---|
2705 | |
---|
2706 | |
---|
2707 | |
---|
2708 | |
---|
2709 | |
---|
2710 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_wall_south"></a>building_wall_south</span></td> |
---|
2711 | |
---|
2712 | |
---|
2713 | |
---|
2714 | |
---|
2715 | |
---|
2716 | |
---|
2717 | |
---|
2718 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
2719 | |
---|
2720 | |
---|
2721 | |
---|
2722 | |
---|
2723 | |
---|
2724 | |
---|
2725 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in y-direction</span></td> |
---|
2726 | |
---|
2727 | |
---|
2728 | |
---|
2729 | |
---|
2730 | |
---|
2731 | |
---|
2732 | |
---|
2733 | <td>y-coordinate of the South building wall (distance between the |
---|
2734 | South building wall and the South border of the model domain) in m.<br> |
---|
2735 | |
---|
2736 | |
---|
2737 | |
---|
2738 | |
---|
2739 | |
---|
2740 | |
---|
2741 | |
---|
2742 | <br> |
---|
2743 | |
---|
2744 | |
---|
2745 | |
---|
2746 | |
---|
2747 | |
---|
2748 | |
---|
2749 | |
---|
2750 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_south</span> |
---|
2751 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1 |
---|
2752 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dy">dy</a> and less than <span style="font-style: italic;">( <a href="#ny">ny</a> |
---|
2753 | - 1 ) * <a href="#dy">dy</a> - <a href="#building_length_y">building_length_y</a></span>. |
---|
2754 | This parameter requires the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
---|
2755 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.<br> |
---|
2756 | |
---|
2757 | |
---|
2758 | |
---|
2759 | |
---|
2760 | |
---|
2761 | |
---|
2762 | |
---|
2763 | <br> |
---|
2764 | |
---|
2765 | |
---|
2766 | |
---|
2767 | |
---|
2768 | |
---|
2769 | |
---|
2770 | |
---|
2771 | The default value <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_south</span> |
---|
2772 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="#ny">ny</a> + |
---|
2773 | 1 ) * <a href="#dy">dy</a> - <a href="#building_length_y">building_length_y</a> ) / 2</span> |
---|
2774 | centers the building in y-direction. <font color="#000000">Due to the staggered grid the building will be displaced by -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> in x-direction and -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> in y-direction.</font> </td> |
---|
2775 | |
---|
2776 | |
---|
2777 | |
---|
2778 | |
---|
2779 | |
---|
2780 | |
---|
2781 | </tr> |
---|
2782 | |
---|
2783 | |
---|
2784 | |
---|
2785 | |
---|
2786 | |
---|
2787 | |
---|
2788 | <tr> |
---|
2789 | |
---|
2790 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="canopy_mode"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">canopy_mode</span></td> |
---|
2791 | |
---|
2792 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
2793 | |
---|
2794 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'block'</span></td> |
---|
2795 | |
---|
2796 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Canopy mode.<br> |
---|
2797 | |
---|
2798 | <br> |
---|
2799 | |
---|
2800 | <font color="#000000"> |
---|
2801 | Besides using the default value, that will create a horizontally |
---|
2802 | homogeneous plant canopy that extends over the total horizontal |
---|
2803 | extension of the model domain, the user may add code to the user |
---|
2804 | interface subroutine <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init_plant_canopy">user_init_plant_canopy</a> |
---|
2805 | to allow further canopy modes. <br> |
---|
2806 | |
---|
2807 | <br> |
---|
2808 | |
---|
2809 | The setting of <a href="#canopy_mode">canopy_mode</a> becomes only active, if <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> has been set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and a non-zero <a href="#drag_coefficient">drag_coefficient</a> has been defined.</font></td> |
---|
2810 | |
---|
2811 | </tr> |
---|
2812 | |
---|
2813 | <tr> |
---|
2814 | |
---|
2815 | |
---|
2816 | |
---|
2817 | |
---|
2818 | |
---|
2819 | |
---|
2820 | |
---|
2821 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="cloud_droplets"></a>cloud_droplets</span><br> |
---|
2822 | |
---|
2823 | |
---|
2824 | |
---|
2825 | |
---|
2826 | |
---|
2827 | |
---|
2828 | |
---|
2829 | </td> |
---|
2830 | |
---|
2831 | |
---|
2832 | |
---|
2833 | |
---|
2834 | |
---|
2835 | |
---|
2836 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> |
---|
2837 | |
---|
2838 | |
---|
2839 | |
---|
2840 | |
---|
2841 | |
---|
2842 | |
---|
2843 | </td> |
---|
2844 | |
---|
2845 | |
---|
2846 | |
---|
2847 | |
---|
2848 | |
---|
2849 | |
---|
2850 | |
---|
2851 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span><br> |
---|
2852 | |
---|
2853 | |
---|
2854 | |
---|
2855 | |
---|
2856 | |
---|
2857 | |
---|
2858 | </td> |
---|
2859 | |
---|
2860 | |
---|
2861 | |
---|
2862 | |
---|
2863 | |
---|
2864 | |
---|
2865 | |
---|
2866 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter to switch on |
---|
2867 | usage of cloud droplets.<br> |
---|
2868 | |
---|
2869 | |
---|
2870 | |
---|
2871 | |
---|
2872 | |
---|
2873 | |
---|
2874 | <br> |
---|
2875 | |
---|
2876 | |
---|
2877 | |
---|
2878 | |
---|
2879 | |
---|
2880 | |
---|
2881 | |
---|
2882 | <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span> |
---|
2883 | |
---|
2884 | |
---|
2885 | |
---|
2886 | |
---|
2887 | Cloud droplets require to use particles (i.e. the NAMELIST group <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">particles_par</span> has to be included in the parameter file<span style="font-family: monospace;"></span>). Then each particle is a representative for a certain number of droplets. The droplet |
---|
2888 | features (number of droplets, initial radius, etc.) can be steered with |
---|
2889 | the respective particle parameters (see e.g. <a href="#chapter_4.2.html#radius">radius</a>). |
---|
2890 | The real number of initial droplets in a grid cell is equal to the |
---|
2891 | initial number of droplets (defined by the particle source parameters <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pst"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pst</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psl"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psl</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pss"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pss</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psn"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psn</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psb"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psb</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdx</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdy</font></span></a> |
---|
2892 | <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and |
---|
2893 | </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span>) |
---|
2894 | times the <a href="#initial_weighting_factor">initial_weighting_factor</a>.<br> |
---|
2895 | |
---|
2896 | |
---|
2897 | |
---|
2898 | |
---|
2899 | |
---|
2900 | |
---|
2901 | |
---|
2902 | <br> |
---|
2903 | |
---|
2904 | |
---|
2905 | |
---|
2906 | |
---|
2907 | |
---|
2908 | |
---|
2909 | |
---|
2910 | In case of using cloud droplets, the default condensation scheme in |
---|
2911 | PALM cannot be used, i.e. <a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a> |
---|
2912 | must be set <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>.<br> |
---|
2913 | |
---|
2914 | |
---|
2915 | |
---|
2916 | |
---|
2917 | |
---|
2918 | |
---|
2919 | |
---|
2920 | </td> |
---|
2921 | |
---|
2922 | |
---|
2923 | |
---|
2924 | |
---|
2925 | |
---|
2926 | |
---|
2927 | </tr> |
---|
2928 | |
---|
2929 | |
---|
2930 | |
---|
2931 | |
---|
2932 | |
---|
2933 | |
---|
2934 | <tr> |
---|
2935 | |
---|
2936 | |
---|
2937 | |
---|
2938 | |
---|
2939 | |
---|
2940 | |
---|
2941 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
2942 | |
---|
2943 | |
---|
2944 | |
---|
2945 | |
---|
2946 | |
---|
2947 | |
---|
2948 | <p><a name="cloud_physics"></a><b>cloud_physics</b></p> |
---|
2949 | |
---|
2950 | |
---|
2951 | |
---|
2952 | |
---|
2953 | |
---|
2954 | |
---|
2955 | |
---|
2956 | </td> |
---|
2957 | |
---|
2958 | |
---|
2959 | |
---|
2960 | |
---|
2961 | |
---|
2962 | |
---|
2963 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> |
---|
2964 | |
---|
2965 | |
---|
2966 | |
---|
2967 | |
---|
2968 | |
---|
2969 | |
---|
2970 | </td> |
---|
2971 | |
---|
2972 | |
---|
2973 | |
---|
2974 | |
---|
2975 | |
---|
2976 | |
---|
2977 | |
---|
2978 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
---|
2979 | |
---|
2980 | |
---|
2981 | |
---|
2982 | |
---|
2983 | |
---|
2984 | |
---|
2985 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
2986 | |
---|
2987 | |
---|
2988 | |
---|
2989 | |
---|
2990 | |
---|
2991 | |
---|
2992 | <p>Parameter to switch |
---|
2993 | on the condensation scheme. </p> |
---|
2994 | |
---|
2995 | |
---|
2996 | |
---|
2997 | |
---|
2998 | |
---|
2999 | |
---|
3000 | |
---|
3001 | For <b>cloud_physics =</b> <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>, equations |
---|
3002 | for the |
---|
3003 | liquid water |
---|
3004 | content and the liquid water potential temperature are solved instead |
---|
3005 | of those for specific humidity and potential temperature. Note |
---|
3006 | that a grid volume is assumed to be either completely saturated or |
---|
3007 | completely |
---|
3008 | unsaturated (0%-or-100%-scheme). A simple precipitation scheme can |
---|
3009 | additionally be switched on with parameter <a href="#precipitation">precipitation</a>. |
---|
3010 | Also cloud-top cooling by longwave radiation can be utilized (see <a href="#radiation">radiation</a>)<br> |
---|
3011 | |
---|
3012 | |
---|
3013 | |
---|
3014 | |
---|
3015 | |
---|
3016 | |
---|
3017 | <b><br> |
---|
3018 | |
---|
3019 | |
---|
3020 | |
---|
3021 | |
---|
3022 | |
---|
3023 | |
---|
3024 | |
---|
3025 | cloud_physics =</b> <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE. |
---|
3026 | </span>requires <a href="#humidity">humidity</a> |
---|
3027 | =<span style="font-style: italic;"> .TRUE.</span> .<br> |
---|
3028 | |
---|
3029 | |
---|
3030 | |
---|
3031 | |
---|
3032 | |
---|
3033 | |
---|
3034 | |
---|
3035 | Detailed information about the condensation scheme is given in the |
---|
3036 | description of the <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM-1/Dokumentationen/Cloud_physics/wolken.pdf">cloud |
---|
3037 | physics module</a> (pdf-file, only in German).<br> |
---|
3038 | |
---|
3039 | |
---|
3040 | |
---|
3041 | |
---|
3042 | |
---|
3043 | |
---|
3044 | <br> |
---|
3045 | |
---|
3046 | |
---|
3047 | |
---|
3048 | |
---|
3049 | |
---|
3050 | |
---|
3051 | |
---|
3052 | This condensation scheme is not allowed if cloud droplets are simulated |
---|
3053 | explicitly (see <a href="#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>).<br> |
---|
3054 | |
---|
3055 | |
---|
3056 | |
---|
3057 | |
---|
3058 | |
---|
3059 | |
---|
3060 | |
---|
3061 | </td> |
---|
3062 | |
---|
3063 | |
---|
3064 | |
---|
3065 | |
---|
3066 | |
---|
3067 | |
---|
3068 | </tr> |
---|
3069 | |
---|
3070 | |
---|
3071 | |
---|
3072 | |
---|
3073 | |
---|
3074 | |
---|
3075 | <tr> |
---|
3076 | |
---|
3077 | |
---|
3078 | |
---|
3079 | |
---|
3080 | |
---|
3081 | |
---|
3082 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="conserve_volume_flow"></a>conserve_volume_flow</span></td> |
---|
3083 | |
---|
3084 | |
---|
3085 | |
---|
3086 | |
---|
3087 | |
---|
3088 | |
---|
3089 | |
---|
3090 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
3091 | |
---|
3092 | |
---|
3093 | |
---|
3094 | |
---|
3095 | |
---|
3096 | |
---|
3097 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
---|
3098 | |
---|
3099 | |
---|
3100 | |
---|
3101 | |
---|
3102 | |
---|
3103 | |
---|
3104 | <td>Conservation |
---|
3105 | of volume flow in x- and y-direction.<br> |
---|
3106 | |
---|
3107 | |
---|
3108 | |
---|
3109 | |
---|
3110 | |
---|
3111 | |
---|
3112 | <br> |
---|
3113 | |
---|
3114 | |
---|
3115 | |
---|
3116 | |
---|
3117 | |
---|
3118 | |
---|
3119 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">conserve_volume_flow</span> |
---|
3120 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span> |
---|
3121 | guarantees that the volume flow through the xz- or yz-cross-section of |
---|
3122 | the total model domain remains constant (equal to the initial value at |
---|
3123 | t=0) throughout the run.<br> |
---|
3124 | |
---|
3125 | |
---|
3126 | |
---|
3127 | |
---|
3128 | |
---|
3129 | |
---|
3130 | |
---|
3131 | </td> |
---|
3132 | |
---|
3133 | |
---|
3134 | |
---|
3135 | |
---|
3136 | |
---|
3137 | |
---|
3138 | </tr> |
---|
3139 | |
---|
3140 | |
---|
3141 | |
---|
3142 | |
---|
3143 | |
---|
3144 | |
---|
3145 | <tr> |
---|
3146 | |
---|
3147 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="cthf"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">cthf</span></td> |
---|
3148 | |
---|
3149 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
3150 | |
---|
3151 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
---|
3152 | |
---|
3153 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Average heat flux that is prescribed at the top of the plant canopy.<br> |
---|
3154 | |
---|
3155 | |
---|
3156 | <br> |
---|
3157 | |
---|
3158 | |
---|
3159 | If <a href="../../../../../DEVELOPER_VERSION/chapter_4.1_adjusted.html#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>, the user can prescribe a heat flux at the top of the plant canopy.<br> |
---|
3160 | |
---|
3161 | |
---|
3162 | It is assumed that solar radiation penetrates the canopy and warms the |
---|
3163 | foliage which, in turn, warms the air in contact with it. <br> |
---|
3164 | |
---|
3165 | |
---|
3166 | Note: Instead of using the value prescribed by <a href="../../../../../DEVELOPER_VERSION/chapter_4.1_adjusted.html#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>, |
---|
3167 | the near surface heat flux is determined from an exponential function |
---|
3168 | that is dependent on the cumulative leaf_area_index (Shaw and Schumann |
---|
3169 | (1992, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 61, 47-64)).</td> |
---|
3170 | |
---|
3171 | </tr> |
---|
3172 | |
---|
3173 | <tr> |
---|
3174 | |
---|
3175 | |
---|
3176 | |
---|
3177 | |
---|
3178 | |
---|
3179 | |
---|
3180 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3181 | |
---|
3182 | |
---|
3183 | |
---|
3184 | |
---|
3185 | |
---|
3186 | |
---|
3187 | <p><a name="cut_spline_overshoot"></a><b>cut_spline_overshoot</b></p> |
---|
3188 | |
---|
3189 | |
---|
3190 | |
---|
3191 | |
---|
3192 | |
---|
3193 | |
---|
3194 | |
---|
3195 | </td> |
---|
3196 | |
---|
3197 | |
---|
3198 | |
---|
3199 | |
---|
3200 | |
---|
3201 | |
---|
3202 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
3203 | |
---|
3204 | |
---|
3205 | |
---|
3206 | |
---|
3207 | |
---|
3208 | |
---|
3209 | |
---|
3210 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span></td> |
---|
3211 | |
---|
3212 | |
---|
3213 | |
---|
3214 | |
---|
3215 | |
---|
3216 | |
---|
3217 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3218 | |
---|
3219 | |
---|
3220 | |
---|
3221 | |
---|
3222 | |
---|
3223 | |
---|
3224 | <p>Cuts off of |
---|
3225 | so-called overshoots, which can occur with the |
---|
3226 | upstream-spline scheme. </p> |
---|
3227 | |
---|
3228 | |
---|
3229 | |
---|
3230 | |
---|
3231 | |
---|
3232 | |
---|
3233 | |
---|
3234 | |
---|
3235 | |
---|
3236 | |
---|
3237 | |
---|
3238 | |
---|
3239 | |
---|
3240 | <p><font color="#000000">The cubic splines tend to overshoot in |
---|
3241 | case of discontinuous changes of variables between neighbouring grid |
---|
3242 | points.</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#000000">This |
---|
3243 | may lead to errors in calculating the advection tendency.</font> |
---|
3244 | Choice |
---|
3245 | of <b>cut_spline_overshoot</b> = <i>.TRUE.</i> |
---|
3246 | (switched on by |
---|
3247 | default) |
---|
3248 | allows variable values not to exceed an interval defined by the |
---|
3249 | respective adjacent grid points. This interval can be adjusted |
---|
3250 | seperately for every prognostic variable (see initialization parameters |
---|
3251 | <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>, <a href="#overshoot_limit_pt">overshoot_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#overshoot_limit_u">overshoot_limit_u</a>, |
---|
3252 | etc.). This might be necessary in case that the |
---|
3253 | default interval has a non-tolerable effect on the model |
---|
3254 | results. </p> |
---|
3255 | |
---|
3256 | |
---|
3257 | |
---|
3258 | |
---|
3259 | |
---|
3260 | |
---|
3261 | |
---|
3262 | |
---|
3263 | |
---|
3264 | |
---|
3265 | |
---|
3266 | |
---|
3267 | |
---|
3268 | <p>Overshoots may also be removed |
---|
3269 | using the parameters <a href="#ups_limit_e">ups_limit_e</a>, |
---|
3270 | <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>, |
---|
3271 | etc. as well as by applying a long-filter (see <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>).</p> |
---|
3272 | |
---|
3273 | |
---|
3274 | |
---|
3275 | |
---|
3276 | |
---|
3277 | |
---|
3278 | |
---|
3279 | </td> |
---|
3280 | |
---|
3281 | |
---|
3282 | |
---|
3283 | |
---|
3284 | |
---|
3285 | |
---|
3286 | </tr> |
---|
3287 | |
---|
3288 | |
---|
3289 | |
---|
3290 | |
---|
3291 | |
---|
3292 | |
---|
3293 | <tr> |
---|
3294 | |
---|
3295 | |
---|
3296 | |
---|
3297 | |
---|
3298 | |
---|
3299 | |
---|
3300 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3301 | |
---|
3302 | |
---|
3303 | |
---|
3304 | |
---|
3305 | |
---|
3306 | |
---|
3307 | <p><a name="damp_level_1d"></a><b>damp_level_1d</b></p> |
---|
3308 | |
---|
3309 | |
---|
3310 | |
---|
3311 | |
---|
3312 | |
---|
3313 | |
---|
3314 | |
---|
3315 | </td> |
---|
3316 | |
---|
3317 | |
---|
3318 | |
---|
3319 | |
---|
3320 | |
---|
3321 | |
---|
3322 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
3323 | |
---|
3324 | |
---|
3325 | |
---|
3326 | |
---|
3327 | |
---|
3328 | |
---|
3329 | |
---|
3330 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">zu(nz+1)</span></td> |
---|
3331 | |
---|
3332 | |
---|
3333 | |
---|
3334 | |
---|
3335 | |
---|
3336 | |
---|
3337 | |
---|
3338 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3339 | |
---|
3340 | |
---|
3341 | |
---|
3342 | |
---|
3343 | |
---|
3344 | |
---|
3345 | <p>Height where |
---|
3346 | the damping layer begins in the 1d-model |
---|
3347 | (in m). </p> |
---|
3348 | |
---|
3349 | |
---|
3350 | |
---|
3351 | |
---|
3352 | |
---|
3353 | |
---|
3354 | |
---|
3355 | |
---|
3356 | |
---|
3357 | |
---|
3358 | |
---|
3359 | |
---|
3360 | |
---|
3361 | <p>This parameter is used to |
---|
3362 | switch on a damping layer for the |
---|
3363 | 1d-model, which is generally needed for the damping of inertia |
---|
3364 | oscillations. Damping is done by gradually increasing the value |
---|
3365 | of the eddy diffusivities about 10% per vertical grid level |
---|
3366 | (starting with the value at the height given by <b>damp_level_1d</b>, |
---|
3367 | or possibly from the next grid pint above), i.e. K<sub>m</sub>(k+1) |
---|
3368 | = |
---|
3369 | 1.1 * K<sub>m</sub>(k). |
---|
3370 | The values of K<sub>m</sub> are limited to 10 m**2/s at |
---|
3371 | maximum. <br> |
---|
3372 | |
---|
3373 | |
---|
3374 | |
---|
3375 | |
---|
3376 | |
---|
3377 | |
---|
3378 | |
---|
3379 | This parameter only comes into effect if the 1d-model is switched on |
---|
3380 | for |
---|
3381 | the initialization of the 3d-model using <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
---|
3382 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>. |
---|
3383 | <br> |
---|
3384 | |
---|
3385 | |
---|
3386 | |
---|
3387 | |
---|
3388 | |
---|
3389 | |
---|
3390 | </p> |
---|
3391 | |
---|
3392 | |
---|
3393 | |
---|
3394 | |
---|
3395 | |
---|
3396 | |
---|
3397 | </td> |
---|
3398 | |
---|
3399 | |
---|
3400 | |
---|
3401 | |
---|
3402 | |
---|
3403 | |
---|
3404 | </tr> |
---|
3405 | |
---|
3406 | |
---|
3407 | |
---|
3408 | |
---|
3409 | |
---|
3410 | |
---|
3411 | <tr> |
---|
3412 | |
---|
3413 | |
---|
3414 | |
---|
3415 | |
---|
3416 | |
---|
3417 | |
---|
3418 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dissipation_1d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dissipation_1d</span><br> |
---|
3419 | |
---|
3420 | |
---|
3421 | |
---|
3422 | |
---|
3423 | |
---|
3424 | |
---|
3425 | |
---|
3426 | </td> |
---|
3427 | |
---|
3428 | |
---|
3429 | |
---|
3430 | |
---|
3431 | |
---|
3432 | |
---|
3433 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br> |
---|
3434 | |
---|
3435 | |
---|
3436 | |
---|
3437 | |
---|
3438 | |
---|
3439 | |
---|
3440 | |
---|
3441 | </td> |
---|
3442 | |
---|
3443 | |
---|
3444 | |
---|
3445 | |
---|
3446 | |
---|
3447 | |
---|
3448 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
3449 | |
---|
3450 | |
---|
3451 | |
---|
3452 | |
---|
3453 | |
---|
3454 | |
---|
3455 | <span style="font-style: italic;">model'</span><br> |
---|
3456 | |
---|
3457 | |
---|
3458 | |
---|
3459 | |
---|
3460 | |
---|
3461 | |
---|
3462 | </td> |
---|
3463 | |
---|
3464 | |
---|
3465 | |
---|
3466 | |
---|
3467 | |
---|
3468 | |
---|
3469 | |
---|
3470 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Calculation method for |
---|
3471 | the energy dissipation term in the TKE equation of the 1d-model.<br> |
---|
3472 | |
---|
3473 | |
---|
3474 | |
---|
3475 | |
---|
3476 | |
---|
3477 | |
---|
3478 | |
---|
3479 | <br> |
---|
3480 | |
---|
3481 | |
---|
3482 | |
---|
3483 | |
---|
3484 | |
---|
3485 | |
---|
3486 | |
---|
3487 | By default the dissipation is calculated as in the 3d-model using diss |
---|
3488 | = (0.19 + 0.74 * l / l_grid) * e**1.5 / l.<br> |
---|
3489 | |
---|
3490 | |
---|
3491 | |
---|
3492 | |
---|
3493 | |
---|
3494 | |
---|
3495 | <br> |
---|
3496 | |
---|
3497 | |
---|
3498 | |
---|
3499 | |
---|
3500 | |
---|
3501 | |
---|
3502 | |
---|
3503 | Setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">dissipation_1d</span> |
---|
3504 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'detering'</span> |
---|
3505 | forces the dissipation to be calculated as diss = 0.064 * e**1.5 / l.<br> |
---|
3506 | |
---|
3507 | |
---|
3508 | |
---|
3509 | |
---|
3510 | |
---|
3511 | |
---|
3512 | |
---|
3513 | </td> |
---|
3514 | |
---|
3515 | |
---|
3516 | |
---|
3517 | |
---|
3518 | |
---|
3519 | |
---|
3520 | </tr> |
---|
3521 | |
---|
3522 | |
---|
3523 | |
---|
3524 | |
---|
3525 | |
---|
3526 | |
---|
3527 | |
---|
3528 | <tr> |
---|
3529 | |
---|
3530 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="drag_coefficient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">drag_coefficient</span></td> |
---|
3531 | |
---|
3532 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
3533 | |
---|
3534 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
---|
3535 | |
---|
3536 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Drag coefficient used in the plant canopy model.<br> |
---|
3537 | |
---|
3538 | <br> |
---|
3539 | |
---|
3540 | This parameter has to be non-zero, if the parameter <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>.</td> |
---|
3541 | |
---|
3542 | </tr> |
---|
3543 | |
---|
3544 | <tr> |
---|
3545 | |
---|
3546 | |
---|
3547 | |
---|
3548 | |
---|
3549 | |
---|
3550 | |
---|
3551 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3552 | |
---|
3553 | |
---|
3554 | |
---|
3555 | |
---|
3556 | |
---|
3557 | |
---|
3558 | <p><a name="dt"></a><b>dt</b></p> |
---|
3559 | |
---|
3560 | |
---|
3561 | |
---|
3562 | |
---|
3563 | |
---|
3564 | |
---|
3565 | </td> |
---|
3566 | |
---|
3567 | |
---|
3568 | |
---|
3569 | |
---|
3570 | |
---|
3571 | |
---|
3572 | |
---|
3573 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
3574 | |
---|
3575 | |
---|
3576 | |
---|
3577 | |
---|
3578 | |
---|
3579 | |
---|
3580 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">variable</span></td> |
---|
3581 | |
---|
3582 | |
---|
3583 | |
---|
3584 | |
---|
3585 | |
---|
3586 | |
---|
3587 | |
---|
3588 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3589 | |
---|
3590 | |
---|
3591 | |
---|
3592 | |
---|
3593 | |
---|
3594 | |
---|
3595 | <p>Time step for |
---|
3596 | the 3d-model (in s). </p> |
---|
3597 | |
---|
3598 | |
---|
3599 | |
---|
3600 | |
---|
3601 | |
---|
3602 | |
---|
3603 | |
---|
3604 | |
---|
3605 | |
---|
3606 | |
---|
3607 | |
---|
3608 | |
---|
3609 | |
---|
3610 | <p>By default, (i.e. |
---|
3611 | if a Runge-Kutta scheme is used, see <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>) |
---|
3612 | the value of the time step is calculating after each time step |
---|
3613 | (following the time step criteria) and |
---|
3614 | used for the next step.</p> |
---|
3615 | |
---|
3616 | |
---|
3617 | |
---|
3618 | |
---|
3619 | |
---|
3620 | |
---|
3621 | |
---|
3622 | |
---|
3623 | |
---|
3624 | |
---|
3625 | |
---|
3626 | |
---|
3627 | |
---|
3628 | <p>If the user assigns <b>dt</b> |
---|
3629 | a value, then the time step is |
---|
3630 | fixed to this value throughout the whole run (whether it fulfills the |
---|
3631 | time step |
---|
3632 | criteria or not). However, changes are allowed for restart runs, |
---|
3633 | because <b>dt</b> can also be used as a <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_laufparameter">run |
---|
3634 | parameter</a>. </p> |
---|
3635 | |
---|
3636 | |
---|
3637 | |
---|
3638 | |
---|
3639 | |
---|
3640 | |
---|
3641 | |
---|
3642 | |
---|
3643 | |
---|
3644 | |
---|
3645 | |
---|
3646 | |
---|
3647 | |
---|
3648 | <p>In case that the |
---|
3649 | calculated time step meets the condition<br> |
---|
3650 | |
---|
3651 | |
---|
3652 | |
---|
3653 | |
---|
3654 | |
---|
3655 | |
---|
3656 | </p> |
---|
3657 | |
---|
3658 | |
---|
3659 | |
---|
3660 | |
---|
3661 | |
---|
3662 | |
---|
3663 | |
---|
3664 | |
---|
3665 | |
---|
3666 | |
---|
3667 | |
---|
3668 | |
---|
3669 | |
---|
3670 | <ul> |
---|
3671 | |
---|
3672 | |
---|
3673 | |
---|
3674 | |
---|
3675 | |
---|
3676 | |
---|
3677 | |
---|
3678 | |
---|
3679 | |
---|
3680 | |
---|
3681 | |
---|
3682 | |
---|
3683 | |
---|
3684 | <p><b>dt</b> < 0.00001 * <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_max">dt_max</a> (with dt_max |
---|
3685 | = 20.0)</p> |
---|
3686 | |
---|
3687 | |
---|
3688 | |
---|
3689 | |
---|
3690 | |
---|
3691 | |
---|
3692 | |
---|
3693 | |
---|
3694 | |
---|
3695 | |
---|
3696 | |
---|
3697 | |
---|
3698 | |
---|
3699 | </ul> |
---|
3700 | |
---|
3701 | |
---|
3702 | |
---|
3703 | |
---|
3704 | |
---|
3705 | |
---|
3706 | |
---|
3707 | |
---|
3708 | |
---|
3709 | |
---|
3710 | |
---|
3711 | |
---|
3712 | |
---|
3713 | <p>the simulation will be |
---|
3714 | aborted. Such situations usually arise |
---|
3715 | in case of any numerical problem / instability which causes a |
---|
3716 | non-realistic increase of the wind speed. </p> |
---|
3717 | |
---|
3718 | |
---|
3719 | |
---|
3720 | |
---|
3721 | |
---|
3722 | |
---|
3723 | |
---|
3724 | |
---|
3725 | |
---|
3726 | |
---|
3727 | |
---|
3728 | |
---|
3729 | |
---|
3730 | <p>A |
---|
3731 | small time step due to a large mean horizontal windspeed |
---|
3732 | speed may be enlarged by using a coordinate transformation (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>), |
---|
3733 | in order to spare CPU time.<br> |
---|
3734 | |
---|
3735 | |
---|
3736 | |
---|
3737 | |
---|
3738 | |
---|
3739 | |
---|
3740 | </p> |
---|
3741 | |
---|
3742 | |
---|
3743 | |
---|
3744 | |
---|
3745 | |
---|
3746 | |
---|
3747 | |
---|
3748 | |
---|
3749 | |
---|
3750 | |
---|
3751 | |
---|
3752 | |
---|
3753 | |
---|
3754 | <p>If the |
---|
3755 | leapfrog timestep scheme is used (see <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>) |
---|
3756 | a temporary time step value dt_new is calculated first, with dt_new = <a href="chapter_4.2.html#fcl_factor">cfl_factor</a> |
---|
3757 | * dt_crit where dt_crit is the maximum timestep allowed by the CFL and |
---|
3758 | diffusion condition. Next it is examined whether dt_new exceeds or |
---|
3759 | falls below the |
---|
3760 | value of the previous timestep by at |
---|
3761 | least +5 % / -2%. If it is smaller, <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt</span> |
---|
3762 | = dt_new is immediately used for the next timestep. If it is larger, |
---|
3763 | then <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt </span>= |
---|
3764 | 1.02 * dt_prev |
---|
3765 | (previous timestep) is used as the new timestep, however the time |
---|
3766 | step is only increased if the last change of the time step is dated |
---|
3767 | back at |
---|
3768 | least 30 iterations. If dt_new is located in the interval mentioned |
---|
3769 | above, then dt |
---|
3770 | does not change at all. By doing so, permanent time step changes as |
---|
3771 | well as large |
---|
3772 | sudden changes (increases) in the time step are avoided.</p> |
---|
3773 | |
---|
3774 | |
---|
3775 | |
---|
3776 | |
---|
3777 | |
---|
3778 | |
---|
3779 | </td> |
---|
3780 | |
---|
3781 | |
---|
3782 | |
---|
3783 | |
---|
3784 | |
---|
3785 | |
---|
3786 | |
---|
3787 | </tr> |
---|
3788 | |
---|
3789 | |
---|
3790 | |
---|
3791 | |
---|
3792 | |
---|
3793 | |
---|
3794 | <tr> |
---|
3795 | |
---|
3796 | |
---|
3797 | |
---|
3798 | |
---|
3799 | |
---|
3800 | |
---|
3801 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3802 | |
---|
3803 | |
---|
3804 | |
---|
3805 | |
---|
3806 | |
---|
3807 | |
---|
3808 | <p><a name="dt_pr_1d"></a><b>dt_pr_1d</b></p> |
---|
3809 | |
---|
3810 | |
---|
3811 | |
---|
3812 | |
---|
3813 | |
---|
3814 | |
---|
3815 | |
---|
3816 | </td> |
---|
3817 | |
---|
3818 | |
---|
3819 | |
---|
3820 | |
---|
3821 | |
---|
3822 | |
---|
3823 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
3824 | |
---|
3825 | |
---|
3826 | |
---|
3827 | |
---|
3828 | |
---|
3829 | |
---|
3830 | |
---|
3831 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td> |
---|
3832 | |
---|
3833 | |
---|
3834 | |
---|
3835 | |
---|
3836 | |
---|
3837 | |
---|
3838 | |
---|
3839 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3840 | |
---|
3841 | |
---|
3842 | |
---|
3843 | |
---|
3844 | |
---|
3845 | |
---|
3846 | <p>Temporal |
---|
3847 | interval of vertical profile output of the 1D-model |
---|
3848 | (in s). </p> |
---|
3849 | |
---|
3850 | |
---|
3851 | |
---|
3852 | |
---|
3853 | |
---|
3854 | |
---|
3855 | |
---|
3856 | |
---|
3857 | |
---|
3858 | |
---|
3859 | |
---|
3860 | |
---|
3861 | |
---|
3862 | <p>Data are written in ASCII |
---|
3863 | format to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#LIST_PROFIL_1D">LIST_PROFIL_1D</a>. |
---|
3864 | This parameter is only in effect if the 1d-model has been switched on |
---|
3865 | for the |
---|
3866 | initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
---|
3867 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p> |
---|
3868 | |
---|
3869 | |
---|
3870 | |
---|
3871 | |
---|
3872 | |
---|
3873 | |
---|
3874 | |
---|
3875 | </td> |
---|
3876 | |
---|
3877 | |
---|
3878 | |
---|
3879 | |
---|
3880 | |
---|
3881 | |
---|
3882 | </tr> |
---|
3883 | |
---|
3884 | |
---|
3885 | |
---|
3886 | |
---|
3887 | |
---|
3888 | |
---|
3889 | <tr> |
---|
3890 | |
---|
3891 | |
---|
3892 | |
---|
3893 | |
---|
3894 | |
---|
3895 | |
---|
3896 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3897 | |
---|
3898 | |
---|
3899 | |
---|
3900 | |
---|
3901 | |
---|
3902 | |
---|
3903 | <p><a name="dt_run_control_1d"></a><b>dt_run_control_1d</b></p> |
---|
3904 | |
---|
3905 | |
---|
3906 | |
---|
3907 | |
---|
3908 | |
---|
3909 | |
---|
3910 | |
---|
3911 | </td> |
---|
3912 | |
---|
3913 | |
---|
3914 | |
---|
3915 | |
---|
3916 | |
---|
3917 | |
---|
3918 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
3919 | |
---|
3920 | |
---|
3921 | |
---|
3922 | |
---|
3923 | |
---|
3924 | |
---|
3925 | |
---|
3926 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">60.0</span></td> |
---|
3927 | |
---|
3928 | |
---|
3929 | |
---|
3930 | |
---|
3931 | |
---|
3932 | |
---|
3933 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3934 | |
---|
3935 | |
---|
3936 | |
---|
3937 | |
---|
3938 | |
---|
3939 | |
---|
3940 | <p>Temporal interval of |
---|
3941 | runtime control output of the 1d-model |
---|
3942 | (in s). </p> |
---|
3943 | |
---|
3944 | |
---|
3945 | |
---|
3946 | |
---|
3947 | |
---|
3948 | |
---|
3949 | |
---|
3950 | |
---|
3951 | |
---|
3952 | |
---|
3953 | |
---|
3954 | |
---|
3955 | |
---|
3956 | <p>Data are written in ASCII |
---|
3957 | format to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>. |
---|
3958 | This parameter is only in effect if the 1d-model is switched on for the |
---|
3959 | initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
---|
3960 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p> |
---|
3961 | |
---|
3962 | |
---|
3963 | |
---|
3964 | |
---|
3965 | |
---|
3966 | |
---|
3967 | |
---|
3968 | </td> |
---|
3969 | |
---|
3970 | |
---|
3971 | |
---|
3972 | |
---|
3973 | |
---|
3974 | |
---|
3975 | </tr> |
---|
3976 | |
---|
3977 | |
---|
3978 | |
---|
3979 | |
---|
3980 | |
---|
3981 | |
---|
3982 | <tr> |
---|
3983 | |
---|
3984 | |
---|
3985 | |
---|
3986 | |
---|
3987 | |
---|
3988 | |
---|
3989 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3990 | |
---|
3991 | |
---|
3992 | |
---|
3993 | |
---|
3994 | |
---|
3995 | |
---|
3996 | <p><a name="dx"></a><b>dx</b></p> |
---|
3997 | |
---|
3998 | |
---|
3999 | |
---|
4000 | |
---|
4001 | |
---|
4002 | |
---|
4003 | |
---|
4004 | </td> |
---|
4005 | |
---|
4006 | |
---|
4007 | |
---|
4008 | |
---|
4009 | |
---|
4010 | |
---|
4011 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
4012 | |
---|
4013 | |
---|
4014 | |
---|
4015 | |
---|
4016 | |
---|
4017 | |
---|
4018 | |
---|
4019 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span></td> |
---|
4020 | |
---|
4021 | |
---|
4022 | |
---|
4023 | |
---|
4024 | |
---|
4025 | |
---|
4026 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4027 | |
---|
4028 | |
---|
4029 | |
---|
4030 | |
---|
4031 | |
---|
4032 | |
---|
4033 | <p>Horizontal grid |
---|
4034 | spacing along the x-direction (in m). </p> |
---|
4035 | |
---|
4036 | |
---|
4037 | |
---|
4038 | |
---|
4039 | |
---|
4040 | |
---|
4041 | |
---|
4042 | |
---|
4043 | |
---|
4044 | |
---|
4045 | |
---|
4046 | |
---|
4047 | |
---|
4048 | <p>Along |
---|
4049 | x-direction only a constant grid spacing is allowed.</p> |
---|
4050 | |
---|
4051 | |
---|
4052 | |
---|
4053 | |
---|
4054 | |
---|
4055 | |
---|
4056 | |
---|
4057 | |
---|
4058 | |
---|
4059 | |
---|
4060 | |
---|
4061 | |
---|
4062 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
---|
4063 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
---|
4064 | |
---|
4065 | |
---|
4066 | |
---|
4067 | |
---|
4068 | |
---|
4069 | |
---|
4070 | </td> |
---|
4071 | |
---|
4072 | |
---|
4073 | |
---|
4074 | |
---|
4075 | |
---|
4076 | |
---|
4077 | |
---|
4078 | </tr> |
---|
4079 | |
---|
4080 | |
---|
4081 | |
---|
4082 | |
---|
4083 | |
---|
4084 | |
---|
4085 | <tr> |
---|
4086 | |
---|
4087 | |
---|
4088 | |
---|
4089 | |
---|
4090 | |
---|
4091 | |
---|
4092 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4093 | |
---|
4094 | |
---|
4095 | |
---|
4096 | |
---|
4097 | |
---|
4098 | |
---|
4099 | <p><a name="dy"></a><b>dy</b></p> |
---|
4100 | |
---|
4101 | |
---|
4102 | |
---|
4103 | |
---|
4104 | |
---|
4105 | |
---|
4106 | |
---|
4107 | </td> |
---|
4108 | |
---|
4109 | |
---|
4110 | |
---|
4111 | |
---|
4112 | |
---|
4113 | |
---|
4114 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
4115 | |
---|
4116 | |
---|
4117 | |
---|
4118 | |
---|
4119 | |
---|
4120 | |
---|
4121 | |
---|
4122 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span></td> |
---|
4123 | |
---|
4124 | |
---|
4125 | |
---|
4126 | |
---|
4127 | |
---|
4128 | |
---|
4129 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4130 | |
---|
4131 | |
---|
4132 | |
---|
4133 | |
---|
4134 | |
---|
4135 | |
---|
4136 | <p>Horizontal grid |
---|
4137 | spacing along the y-direction (in m). </p> |
---|
4138 | |
---|
4139 | |
---|
4140 | |
---|
4141 | |
---|
4142 | |
---|
4143 | |
---|
4144 | |
---|
4145 | |
---|
4146 | |
---|
4147 | |
---|
4148 | |
---|
4149 | |
---|
4150 | |
---|
4151 | <p>Along y-direction only a constant grid spacing is allowed.</p> |
---|
4152 | |
---|
4153 | |
---|
4154 | |
---|
4155 | |
---|
4156 | |
---|
4157 | |
---|
4158 | |
---|
4159 | |
---|
4160 | |
---|
4161 | |
---|
4162 | |
---|
4163 | |
---|
4164 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
---|
4165 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
---|
4166 | |
---|
4167 | |
---|
4168 | |
---|
4169 | |
---|
4170 | |
---|
4171 | |
---|
4172 | </td> |
---|
4173 | |
---|
4174 | |
---|
4175 | |
---|
4176 | |
---|
4177 | |
---|
4178 | |
---|
4179 | |
---|
4180 | </tr> |
---|
4181 | |
---|
4182 | |
---|
4183 | |
---|
4184 | |
---|
4185 | |
---|
4186 | |
---|
4187 | <tr> |
---|
4188 | |
---|
4189 | |
---|
4190 | |
---|
4191 | |
---|
4192 | |
---|
4193 | |
---|
4194 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4195 | |
---|
4196 | |
---|
4197 | |
---|
4198 | |
---|
4199 | |
---|
4200 | |
---|
4201 | <p><a name="dz"></a><b>dz</b></p> |
---|
4202 | |
---|
4203 | |
---|
4204 | |
---|
4205 | |
---|
4206 | |
---|
4207 | |
---|
4208 | |
---|
4209 | </td> |
---|
4210 | |
---|
4211 | |
---|
4212 | |
---|
4213 | |
---|
4214 | |
---|
4215 | |
---|
4216 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
4217 | |
---|
4218 | |
---|
4219 | |
---|
4220 | |
---|
4221 | |
---|
4222 | |
---|
4223 | |
---|
4224 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
---|
4225 | |
---|
4226 | |
---|
4227 | |
---|
4228 | |
---|
4229 | |
---|
4230 | |
---|
4231 | </td> |
---|
4232 | |
---|
4233 | |
---|
4234 | |
---|
4235 | |
---|
4236 | |
---|
4237 | |
---|
4238 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4239 | |
---|
4240 | |
---|
4241 | |
---|
4242 | |
---|
4243 | |
---|
4244 | |
---|
4245 | <p>Vertical grid |
---|
4246 | spacing (in m). </p> |
---|
4247 | |
---|
4248 | |
---|
4249 | |
---|
4250 | |
---|
4251 | |
---|
4252 | |
---|
4253 | |
---|
4254 | |
---|
4255 | |
---|
4256 | |
---|
4257 | |
---|
4258 | |
---|
4259 | |
---|
4260 | <p>This parameter must be |
---|
4261 | assigned by the user, because no |
---|
4262 | default value is given.<br> |
---|
4263 | |
---|
4264 | |
---|
4265 | |
---|
4266 | |
---|
4267 | |
---|
4268 | |
---|
4269 | </p> |
---|
4270 | |
---|
4271 | |
---|
4272 | |
---|
4273 | |
---|
4274 | |
---|
4275 | |
---|
4276 | |
---|
4277 | |
---|
4278 | |
---|
4279 | |
---|
4280 | |
---|
4281 | |
---|
4282 | |
---|
4283 | <p>By default, the |
---|
4284 | model uses constant grid spacing along z-direction, but it can be |
---|
4285 | stretched using the parameters <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a> |
---|
4286 | and <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a>. |
---|
4287 | In case of stretching, a maximum allowed grid spacing can be given by <a href="#dz_max">dz_max</a>.<br> |
---|
4288 | |
---|
4289 | |
---|
4290 | |
---|
4291 | |
---|
4292 | |
---|
4293 | |
---|
4294 | </p> |
---|
4295 | |
---|
4296 | |
---|
4297 | |
---|
4298 | |
---|
4299 | |
---|
4300 | |
---|
4301 | |
---|
4302 | |
---|
4303 | |
---|
4304 | |
---|
4305 | |
---|
4306 | |
---|
4307 | |
---|
4308 | <p>Assuming |
---|
4309 | a constant <span style="font-weight: bold;">dz</span>, |
---|
4310 | the scalar levels (zu) are calculated directly by: </p> |
---|
4311 | |
---|
4312 | |
---|
4313 | |
---|
4314 | |
---|
4315 | |
---|
4316 | |
---|
4317 | |
---|
4318 | |
---|
4319 | |
---|
4320 | |
---|
4321 | |
---|
4322 | |
---|
4323 | |
---|
4324 | <ul> |
---|
4325 | |
---|
4326 | |
---|
4327 | |
---|
4328 | |
---|
4329 | |
---|
4330 | |
---|
4331 | |
---|
4332 | |
---|
4333 | |
---|
4334 | |
---|
4335 | |
---|
4336 | |
---|
4337 | |
---|
4338 | <p>zu(0) = - dz * 0.5 <br> |
---|
4339 | |
---|
4340 | |
---|
4341 | |
---|
4342 | |
---|
4343 | |
---|
4344 | |
---|
4345 | |
---|
4346 | zu(1) = dz * 0.5</p> |
---|
4347 | |
---|
4348 | |
---|
4349 | |
---|
4350 | |
---|
4351 | |
---|
4352 | |
---|
4353 | |
---|
4354 | |
---|
4355 | |
---|
4356 | |
---|
4357 | |
---|
4358 | |
---|
4359 | |
---|
4360 | </ul> |
---|
4361 | |
---|
4362 | |
---|
4363 | |
---|
4364 | |
---|
4365 | |
---|
4366 | |
---|
4367 | |
---|
4368 | |
---|
4369 | |
---|
4370 | |
---|
4371 | |
---|
4372 | |
---|
4373 | |
---|
4374 | <p>The w-levels lie |
---|
4375 | half between them: </p> |
---|
4376 | |
---|
4377 | |
---|
4378 | |
---|
4379 | |
---|
4380 | |
---|
4381 | |
---|
4382 | |
---|
4383 | |
---|
4384 | |
---|
4385 | |
---|
4386 | |
---|
4387 | |
---|
4388 | |
---|
4389 | <ul> |
---|
4390 | |
---|
4391 | |
---|
4392 | |
---|
4393 | |
---|
4394 | |
---|
4395 | |
---|
4396 | |
---|
4397 | |
---|
4398 | |
---|
4399 | |
---|
4400 | |
---|
4401 | |
---|
4402 | |
---|
4403 | <p>zw(k) = |
---|
4404 | ( zu(k) + zu(k+1) ) * 0.5</p> |
---|
4405 | |
---|
4406 | |
---|
4407 | |
---|
4408 | |
---|
4409 | |
---|
4410 | |
---|
4411 | |
---|
4412 | |
---|
4413 | |
---|
4414 | |
---|
4415 | |
---|
4416 | |
---|
4417 | |
---|
4418 | </ul> |
---|
4419 | |
---|
4420 | |
---|
4421 | |
---|
4422 | |
---|
4423 | |
---|
4424 | |
---|
4425 | </td> |
---|
4426 | |
---|
4427 | |
---|
4428 | |
---|
4429 | |
---|
4430 | |
---|
4431 | |
---|
4432 | </tr> |
---|
4433 | |
---|
4434 | |
---|
4435 | |
---|
4436 | |
---|
4437 | |
---|
4438 | |
---|
4439 | |
---|
4440 | <tr> |
---|
4441 | |
---|
4442 | |
---|
4443 | |
---|
4444 | |
---|
4445 | |
---|
4446 | |
---|
4447 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dz_max"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dz_max</span></td> |
---|
4448 | |
---|
4449 | |
---|
4450 | |
---|
4451 | |
---|
4452 | |
---|
4453 | |
---|
4454 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
4455 | |
---|
4456 | |
---|
4457 | |
---|
4458 | |
---|
4459 | |
---|
4460 | |
---|
4461 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td> |
---|
4462 | |
---|
4463 | |
---|
4464 | |
---|
4465 | |
---|
4466 | |
---|
4467 | |
---|
4468 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Allowed maximum vertical grid |
---|
4469 | spacing (in m).<br> |
---|
4470 | |
---|
4471 | |
---|
4472 | |
---|
4473 | |
---|
4474 | |
---|
4475 | |
---|
4476 | <br> |
---|
4477 | |
---|
4478 | |
---|
4479 | |
---|
4480 | |
---|
4481 | |
---|
4482 | |
---|
4483 | If the vertical grid is stretched |
---|
4484 | (see <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a> |
---|
4485 | and <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a>), |
---|
4486 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">dz_max</span> can |
---|
4487 | be used to limit the vertical grid spacing.</td> |
---|
4488 | |
---|
4489 | |
---|
4490 | |
---|
4491 | |
---|
4492 | |
---|
4493 | |
---|
4494 | </tr> |
---|
4495 | |
---|
4496 | |
---|
4497 | |
---|
4498 | |
---|
4499 | |
---|
4500 | |
---|
4501 | <tr> |
---|
4502 | |
---|
4503 | |
---|
4504 | |
---|
4505 | |
---|
4506 | |
---|
4507 | |
---|
4508 | |
---|
4509 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4510 | |
---|
4511 | |
---|
4512 | |
---|
4513 | |
---|
4514 | |
---|
4515 | |
---|
4516 | <p><a name="dz_stretch_factor"></a><b>dz_stretch_factor</b></p> |
---|
4517 | |
---|
4518 | |
---|
4519 | |
---|
4520 | |
---|
4521 | |
---|
4522 | |
---|
4523 | |
---|
4524 | </td> |
---|
4525 | |
---|
4526 | |
---|
4527 | |
---|
4528 | |
---|
4529 | |
---|
4530 | |
---|
4531 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
4532 | |
---|
4533 | |
---|
4534 | |
---|
4535 | |
---|
4536 | |
---|
4537 | |
---|
4538 | |
---|
4539 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.08</span></td> |
---|
4540 | |
---|
4541 | |
---|
4542 | |
---|
4543 | |
---|
4544 | |
---|
4545 | |
---|
4546 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4547 | |
---|
4548 | |
---|
4549 | |
---|
4550 | |
---|
4551 | |
---|
4552 | |
---|
4553 | <p>Stretch factor for a |
---|
4554 | vertically stretched grid (see <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a>). |
---|
4555 | </p> |
---|
4556 | |
---|
4557 | |
---|
4558 | |
---|
4559 | |
---|
4560 | |
---|
4561 | |
---|
4562 | |
---|
4563 | |
---|
4564 | |
---|
4565 | |
---|
4566 | |
---|
4567 | |
---|
4568 | |
---|
4569 | <p>The stretch factor should not exceed a value of |
---|
4570 | approx. 1.10 - |
---|
4571 | 1.12, otherwise the discretization errors due to the stretched grid not |
---|
4572 | negligible any more. (refer Kalnay de Rivas)</p> |
---|
4573 | |
---|
4574 | |
---|
4575 | |
---|
4576 | |
---|
4577 | |
---|
4578 | |
---|
4579 | </td> |
---|
4580 | |
---|
4581 | |
---|
4582 | |
---|
4583 | |
---|
4584 | |
---|
4585 | |
---|
4586 | </tr> |
---|
4587 | |
---|
4588 | |
---|
4589 | |
---|
4590 | |
---|
4591 | |
---|
4592 | |
---|
4593 | |
---|
4594 | <tr> |
---|
4595 | |
---|
4596 | |
---|
4597 | |
---|
4598 | |
---|
4599 | |
---|
4600 | |
---|
4601 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4602 | |
---|
4603 | |
---|
4604 | |
---|
4605 | |
---|
4606 | |
---|
4607 | |
---|
4608 | <p><a name="dz_stretch_level"></a><b>dz_stretch_level</b></p> |
---|
4609 | |
---|
4610 | |
---|
4611 | |
---|
4612 | |
---|
4613 | |
---|
4614 | |
---|
4615 | |
---|
4616 | </td> |
---|
4617 | |
---|
4618 | |
---|
4619 | |
---|
4620 | |
---|
4621 | |
---|
4622 | |
---|
4623 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
4624 | |
---|
4625 | |
---|
4626 | |
---|
4627 | |
---|
4628 | |
---|
4629 | |
---|
4630 | |
---|
4631 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">100000.0</span><br> |
---|
4632 | |
---|
4633 | |
---|
4634 | |
---|
4635 | |
---|
4636 | |
---|
4637 | |
---|
4638 | </td> |
---|
4639 | |
---|
4640 | |
---|
4641 | |
---|
4642 | |
---|
4643 | |
---|
4644 | |
---|
4645 | |
---|
4646 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4647 | |
---|
4648 | |
---|
4649 | |
---|
4650 | |
---|
4651 | |
---|
4652 | |
---|
4653 | <p>Height level |
---|
4654 | above/below which the grid is to be stretched |
---|
4655 | vertically (in m). </p> |
---|
4656 | |
---|
4657 | |
---|
4658 | |
---|
4659 | |
---|
4660 | |
---|
4661 | |
---|
4662 | |
---|
4663 | |
---|
4664 | |
---|
4665 | |
---|
4666 | |
---|
4667 | |
---|
4668 | |
---|
4669 | <p>For <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a> = .F., <b>dz_stretch_level </b>is the height level (in m) <span style="font-weight: bold;">above </span>which the grid is to be stretched |
---|
4670 | vertically. The vertical grid |
---|
4671 | spacings <a href="#dz">dz</a> |
---|
4672 | above this level are calculated as </p> |
---|
4673 | |
---|
4674 | |
---|
4675 | |
---|
4676 | |
---|
4677 | |
---|
4678 | |
---|
4679 | |
---|
4680 | |
---|
4681 | |
---|
4682 | |
---|
4683 | |
---|
4684 | |
---|
4685 | |
---|
4686 | <ul> |
---|
4687 | |
---|
4688 | |
---|
4689 | |
---|
4690 | |
---|
4691 | |
---|
4692 | |
---|
4693 | |
---|
4694 | |
---|
4695 | |
---|
4696 | |
---|
4697 | |
---|
4698 | |
---|
4699 | |
---|
4700 | <p><b>dz</b>(k+1) |
---|
4701 | = <b>dz</b>(k) * <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a></p> |
---|
4702 | |
---|
4703 | |
---|
4704 | |
---|
4705 | |
---|
4706 | |
---|
4707 | |
---|
4708 | |
---|
4709 | |
---|
4710 | |
---|
4711 | |
---|
4712 | |
---|
4713 | |
---|
4714 | |
---|
4715 | </ul> |
---|
4716 | |
---|
4717 | |
---|
4718 | |
---|
4719 | |
---|
4720 | |
---|
4721 | |
---|
4722 | |
---|
4723 | |
---|
4724 | |
---|
4725 | |
---|
4726 | |
---|
4727 | |
---|
4728 | |
---|
4729 | <p>and used as spacings for the scalar levels (zu). |
---|
4730 | The |
---|
4731 | w-levels are then defined as: </p> |
---|
4732 | |
---|
4733 | |
---|
4734 | |
---|
4735 | |
---|
4736 | |
---|
4737 | |
---|
4738 | |
---|
4739 | |
---|
4740 | |
---|
4741 | |
---|
4742 | |
---|
4743 | |
---|
4744 | |
---|
4745 | <ul> |
---|
4746 | |
---|
4747 | |
---|
4748 | |
---|
4749 | |
---|
4750 | |
---|
4751 | |
---|
4752 | |
---|
4753 | |
---|
4754 | |
---|
4755 | |
---|
4756 | |
---|
4757 | |
---|
4758 | |
---|
4759 | <p>zw(k) |
---|
4760 | = ( zu(k) + zu(k+1) ) * 0.5. |
---|
4761 | |
---|
4762 | |
---|
4763 | |
---|
4764 | </p> |
---|
4765 | |
---|
4766 | |
---|
4767 | |
---|
4768 | |
---|
4769 | |
---|
4770 | |
---|
4771 | |
---|
4772 | |
---|
4773 | </ul> |
---|
4774 | |
---|
4775 | |
---|
4776 | |
---|
4777 | |
---|
4778 | |
---|
4779 | |
---|
4780 | |
---|
4781 | |
---|
4782 | <p>For <a href="#ocean">ocean</a> = .T., <b>dz_stretch_level </b>is the height level (in m, negative) <span style="font-weight: bold;">below</span> which the grid is to be stretched |
---|
4783 | vertically. The vertical grid |
---|
4784 | spacings <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz">dz</a> below this level are calculated correspondingly as |
---|
4785 | |
---|
4786 | |
---|
4787 | |
---|
4788 | </p> |
---|
4789 | |
---|
4790 | |
---|
4791 | |
---|
4792 | |
---|
4793 | |
---|
4794 | |
---|
4795 | |
---|
4796 | |
---|
4797 | <ul> |
---|
4798 | |
---|
4799 | |
---|
4800 | |
---|
4801 | |
---|
4802 | |
---|
4803 | |
---|
4804 | |
---|
4805 | |
---|
4806 | <p><b>dz</b>(k-1) |
---|
4807 | = <b>dz</b>(k) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a>.</p> |
---|
4808 | |
---|
4809 | |
---|
4810 | |
---|
4811 | |
---|
4812 | |
---|
4813 | |
---|
4814 | |
---|
4815 | |
---|
4816 | </ul> |
---|
4817 | |
---|
4818 | |
---|
4819 | |
---|
4820 | |
---|
4821 | |
---|
4822 | |
---|
4823 | </td> |
---|
4824 | |
---|
4825 | |
---|
4826 | |
---|
4827 | |
---|
4828 | |
---|
4829 | |
---|
4830 | </tr> |
---|
4831 | |
---|
4832 | |
---|
4833 | |
---|
4834 | |
---|
4835 | |
---|
4836 | |
---|
4837 | |
---|
4838 | <tr> |
---|
4839 | |
---|
4840 | |
---|
4841 | |
---|
4842 | |
---|
4843 | |
---|
4844 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="e_init"></a>e_init</span></td> |
---|
4845 | |
---|
4846 | |
---|
4847 | |
---|
4848 | |
---|
4849 | |
---|
4850 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
4851 | |
---|
4852 | |
---|
4853 | |
---|
4854 | |
---|
4855 | |
---|
4856 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
---|
4857 | |
---|
4858 | |
---|
4859 | |
---|
4860 | |
---|
4861 | |
---|
4862 | <td>Initial subgrid-scale TKE in m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-2</sup>.<br> |
---|
4863 | |
---|
4864 | |
---|
4865 | |
---|
4866 | |
---|
4867 | |
---|
4868 | |
---|
4869 | |
---|
4870 | <br> |
---|
4871 | |
---|
4872 | |
---|
4873 | |
---|
4874 | |
---|
4875 | |
---|
4876 | |
---|
4877 | This |
---|
4878 | option prescribes an initial subgrid-scale TKE from which the initial diffusion coefficients K<sub>m</sub> and K<sub>h</sub> will be calculated if <span style="font-weight: bold;">e_init</span> is positive. This option only has an effect if <a href="#km_constant">km_constant</a> is not set.</td> |
---|
4879 | |
---|
4880 | |
---|
4881 | |
---|
4882 | |
---|
4883 | |
---|
4884 | </tr> |
---|
4885 | |
---|
4886 | |
---|
4887 | |
---|
4888 | |
---|
4889 | |
---|
4890 | <tr> |
---|
4891 | |
---|
4892 | |
---|
4893 | |
---|
4894 | |
---|
4895 | |
---|
4896 | |
---|
4897 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="e_min"></a>e_min</span></td> |
---|
4898 | |
---|
4899 | |
---|
4900 | |
---|
4901 | |
---|
4902 | |
---|
4903 | |
---|
4904 | |
---|
4905 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
4906 | |
---|
4907 | |
---|
4908 | |
---|
4909 | |
---|
4910 | |
---|
4911 | |
---|
4912 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
---|
4913 | |
---|
4914 | |
---|
4915 | |
---|
4916 | |
---|
4917 | |
---|
4918 | |
---|
4919 | <td>Minimum |
---|
4920 | subgrid-scale TKE in m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-2</sup>.<br> |
---|
4921 | |
---|
4922 | |
---|
4923 | |
---|
4924 | |
---|
4925 | |
---|
4926 | |
---|
4927 | |
---|
4928 | <br> |
---|
4929 | |
---|
4930 | |
---|
4931 | |
---|
4932 | |
---|
4933 | |
---|
4934 | |
---|
4935 | This |
---|
4936 | option adds artificial viscosity to the flow by ensuring that |
---|
4937 | the |
---|
4938 | subgrid-scale TKE does not fall below the minimum threshold <span style="font-weight: bold;">e_min</span>.</td> |
---|
4939 | |
---|
4940 | |
---|
4941 | |
---|
4942 | |
---|
4943 | |
---|
4944 | |
---|
4945 | </tr> |
---|
4946 | |
---|
4947 | |
---|
4948 | |
---|
4949 | |
---|
4950 | |
---|
4951 | |
---|
4952 | |
---|
4953 | <tr> |
---|
4954 | |
---|
4955 | |
---|
4956 | |
---|
4957 | |
---|
4958 | |
---|
4959 | |
---|
4960 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4961 | |
---|
4962 | |
---|
4963 | |
---|
4964 | |
---|
4965 | |
---|
4966 | |
---|
4967 | <p><a name="end_time_1d"></a><b>end_time_1d</b></p> |
---|
4968 | |
---|
4969 | |
---|
4970 | |
---|
4971 | |
---|
4972 | |
---|
4973 | |
---|
4974 | |
---|
4975 | </td> |
---|
4976 | |
---|
4977 | |
---|
4978 | |
---|
4979 | |
---|
4980 | |
---|
4981 | |
---|
4982 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
4983 | |
---|
4984 | |
---|
4985 | |
---|
4986 | |
---|
4987 | |
---|
4988 | |
---|
4989 | |
---|
4990 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">864000.0</span><br> |
---|
4991 | |
---|
4992 | |
---|
4993 | |
---|
4994 | |
---|
4995 | |
---|
4996 | |
---|
4997 | </td> |
---|
4998 | |
---|
4999 | |
---|
5000 | |
---|
5001 | |
---|
5002 | |
---|
5003 | |
---|
5004 | |
---|
5005 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
5006 | |
---|
5007 | |
---|
5008 | |
---|
5009 | |
---|
5010 | |
---|
5011 | |
---|
5012 | <p>Time to be |
---|
5013 | simulated for the 1d-model (in s). </p> |
---|
5014 | |
---|
5015 | |
---|
5016 | |
---|
5017 | |
---|
5018 | |
---|
5019 | |
---|
5020 | |
---|
5021 | |
---|
5022 | |
---|
5023 | |
---|
5024 | |
---|
5025 | |
---|
5026 | |
---|
5027 | <p>The |
---|
5028 | default value corresponds to a simulated time of 10 days. |
---|
5029 | Usually, after such a period the inertia oscillations have completely |
---|
5030 | decayed and the solution of the 1d-model can be regarded as stationary |
---|
5031 | (see <a href="#damp_level_1d">damp_level_1d</a>). |
---|
5032 | This parameter is only in effect if the 1d-model is switched on for the |
---|
5033 | initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
---|
5034 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p> |
---|
5035 | |
---|
5036 | |
---|
5037 | |
---|
5038 | |
---|
5039 | |
---|
5040 | |
---|
5041 | |
---|
5042 | </td> |
---|
5043 | |
---|
5044 | |
---|
5045 | |
---|
5046 | |
---|
5047 | |
---|
5048 | |
---|
5049 | </tr> |
---|
5050 | |
---|
5051 | |
---|
5052 | |
---|
5053 | |
---|
5054 | |
---|
5055 | |
---|
5056 | <tr> |
---|
5057 | |
---|
5058 | |
---|
5059 | |
---|
5060 | |
---|
5061 | |
---|
5062 | |
---|
5063 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
5064 | |
---|
5065 | |
---|
5066 | |
---|
5067 | |
---|
5068 | |
---|
5069 | |
---|
5070 | <p><a name="fft_method"></a><b>fft_method</b></p> |
---|
5071 | |
---|
5072 | |
---|
5073 | |
---|
5074 | |
---|
5075 | |
---|
5076 | |
---|
5077 | |
---|
5078 | </td> |
---|
5079 | |
---|
5080 | |
---|
5081 | |
---|
5082 | |
---|
5083 | |
---|
5084 | |
---|
5085 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
5086 | |
---|
5087 | |
---|
5088 | |
---|
5089 | |
---|
5090 | |
---|
5091 | |
---|
5092 | |
---|
5093 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'system-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
5094 | |
---|
5095 | |
---|
5096 | |
---|
5097 | |
---|
5098 | |
---|
5099 | |
---|
5100 | <span style="font-style: italic;">specific'</span></td> |
---|
5101 | |
---|
5102 | |
---|
5103 | |
---|
5104 | |
---|
5105 | |
---|
5106 | |
---|
5107 | |
---|
5108 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
5109 | |
---|
5110 | |
---|
5111 | |
---|
5112 | |
---|
5113 | |
---|
5114 | |
---|
5115 | <p>FFT-method to |
---|
5116 | be used.<br> |
---|
5117 | |
---|
5118 | |
---|
5119 | |
---|
5120 | |
---|
5121 | |
---|
5122 | |
---|
5123 | </p> |
---|
5124 | |
---|
5125 | |
---|
5126 | |
---|
5127 | |
---|
5128 | |
---|
5129 | |
---|
5130 | |
---|
5131 | |
---|
5132 | |
---|
5133 | |
---|
5134 | |
---|
5135 | |
---|
5136 | |
---|
5137 | <p><br> |
---|
5138 | |
---|
5139 | |
---|
5140 | |
---|
5141 | |
---|
5142 | |
---|
5143 | |
---|
5144 | |
---|
5145 | The fast fourier transformation (FFT) is used for solving the |
---|
5146 | perturbation pressure equation with a direct method (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
---|
5147 | and for calculating power spectra (see optional software packages, |
---|
5148 | section <a href="chapter_4.2.html#spectra_package">4.2</a>).</p> |
---|
5149 | |
---|
5150 | |
---|
5151 | |
---|
5152 | |
---|
5153 | |
---|
5154 | |
---|
5155 | |
---|
5156 | |
---|
5157 | |
---|
5158 | |
---|
5159 | |
---|
5160 | |
---|
5161 | |
---|
5162 | <p><br> |
---|
5163 | |
---|
5164 | |
---|
5165 | |
---|
5166 | |
---|
5167 | |
---|
5168 | |
---|
5169 | |
---|
5170 | By default, system-specific, optimized routines from external |
---|
5171 | vendor libraries are used. However, these are available only on certain |
---|
5172 | computers and there are more or less severe restrictions concerning the |
---|
5173 | number of gridpoints to be used with them.<br> |
---|
5174 | |
---|
5175 | |
---|
5176 | |
---|
5177 | |
---|
5178 | |
---|
5179 | |
---|
5180 | </p> |
---|
5181 | |
---|
5182 | |
---|
5183 | |
---|
5184 | |
---|
5185 | |
---|
5186 | |
---|
5187 | |
---|
5188 | |
---|
5189 | |
---|
5190 | |
---|
5191 | |
---|
5192 | |
---|
5193 | |
---|
5194 | <p>There |
---|
5195 | are two other PALM internal methods available on every |
---|
5196 | machine (their respective source code is part of the PALM source code):</p> |
---|
5197 | |
---|
5198 | |
---|
5199 | |
---|
5200 | |
---|
5201 | |
---|
5202 | |
---|
5203 | |
---|
5204 | |
---|
5205 | |
---|
5206 | |
---|
5207 | |
---|
5208 | |
---|
5209 | |
---|
5210 | <p>1.: The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Temperton</span>-method |
---|
5211 | from Clive Temperton (ECWMF) which is computationally very fast and |
---|
5212 | switched on with <b>fft_method</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'temperton-algorithm'</span>. |
---|
5213 | The number of horizontal gridpoints (nx+1, ny+1) to be used with this |
---|
5214 | method must be composed of prime factors 2, 3 and 5.<br> |
---|
5215 | |
---|
5216 | |
---|
5217 | |
---|
5218 | |
---|
5219 | |
---|
5220 | |
---|
5221 | </p> |
---|
5222 | |
---|
5223 | |
---|
5224 | |
---|
5225 | |
---|
5226 | |
---|
5227 | |
---|
5228 | |
---|
5229 | 2.: The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Singleton</span>-method |
---|
5230 | which is very slow but has no restrictions concerning the number of |
---|
5231 | gridpoints to be used with, switched on with <b>fft_method</b> |
---|
5232 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'singleton-algorithm'</span>. |
---|
5233 | </td> |
---|
5234 | |
---|
5235 | |
---|
5236 | |
---|
5237 | |
---|
5238 | |
---|
5239 | |
---|
5240 | </tr> |
---|
5241 | |
---|
5242 | |
---|
5243 | |
---|
5244 | |
---|
5245 | |
---|
5246 | |
---|
5247 | <tr> |
---|
5248 | |
---|
5249 | |
---|
5250 | |
---|
5251 | |
---|
5252 | |
---|
5253 | |
---|
5254 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
5255 | |
---|
5256 | |
---|
5257 | |
---|
5258 | |
---|
5259 | |
---|
5260 | |
---|
5261 | <p><a name="galilei_transformation"></a><b>galilei_transformation</b></p> |
---|
5262 | |
---|
5263 | |
---|
5264 | |
---|
5265 | |
---|
5266 | |
---|
5267 | |
---|
5268 | |
---|
5269 | </td> |
---|
5270 | |
---|
5271 | |
---|
5272 | |
---|
5273 | |
---|
5274 | |
---|
5275 | |
---|
5276 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
5277 | |
---|
5278 | |
---|
5279 | |
---|
5280 | |
---|
5281 | |
---|
5282 | |
---|
5283 | |
---|
5284 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
---|
5285 | |
---|
5286 | |
---|
5287 | |
---|
5288 | |
---|
5289 | |
---|
5290 | |
---|
5291 | |
---|
5292 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Application of a |
---|
5293 | Galilei-transformation to the |
---|
5294 | coordinate |
---|
5295 | system of the model.<br> |
---|
5296 | |
---|
5297 | |
---|
5298 | |
---|
5299 | |
---|
5300 | |
---|
5301 | |
---|
5302 | |
---|
5303 | |
---|
5304 | |
---|
5305 | |
---|
5306 | |
---|
5307 | |
---|
5308 | <p>With <b>galilei_transformation</b> |
---|
5309 | = <i>.T.,</i> a so-called |
---|
5310 | Galilei-transformation is switched on which ensures that the coordinate |
---|
5311 | system of the model is moved along with the geostrophical wind. |
---|
5312 | Alternatively, the model domain can be moved along with the averaged |
---|
5313 | horizontal wind (see <a href="#use_ug_for_galilei_tr">use_ug_for_galilei_tr</a>, |
---|
5314 | this can and will naturally change in time). With this method, |
---|
5315 | numerical inaccuracies of the Piascek - Williams - scheme (concerns in |
---|
5316 | particular the momentum advection) are minimized. Beyond that, in the |
---|
5317 | majority of cases the lower relative velocities in the moved system |
---|
5318 | permit a larger time step (<a href="#dt">dt</a>). |
---|
5319 | Switching the transformation on is only worthwhile if the geostrophical |
---|
5320 | wind (ug, vg) |
---|
5321 | and the averaged horizontal wind clearly deviate from the value 0. In |
---|
5322 | each case, the distance the coordinate system has been moved is written |
---|
5323 | to the file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>. |
---|
5324 | </p> |
---|
5325 | |
---|
5326 | |
---|
5327 | |
---|
5328 | |
---|
5329 | |
---|
5330 | |
---|
5331 | |
---|
5332 | |
---|
5333 | |
---|
5334 | |
---|
5335 | |
---|
5336 | |
---|
5337 | |
---|
5338 | <p>Non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
---|
5339 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), the specification |
---|
5340 | of a gestrophic |
---|
5341 | wind that is not constant with height |
---|
5342 | as well as e.g. stationary inhomogeneities at the bottom boundary do |
---|
5343 | not allow the use of this transformation.</p> |
---|
5344 | |
---|
5345 | |
---|
5346 | |
---|
5347 | |
---|
5348 | |
---|
5349 | |
---|
5350 | </td> |
---|
5351 | |
---|
5352 | |
---|
5353 | |
---|
5354 | |
---|
5355 | |
---|
5356 | |
---|
5357 | </tr> |
---|
5358 | |
---|
5359 | |
---|
5360 | |
---|
5361 | |
---|
5362 | |
---|
5363 | |
---|
5364 | |
---|
5365 | <tr> |
---|
5366 | |
---|
5367 | |
---|
5368 | |
---|
5369 | |
---|
5370 | |
---|
5371 | |
---|
5372 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
5373 | |
---|
5374 | |
---|
5375 | |
---|
5376 | |
---|
5377 | |
---|
5378 | |
---|
5379 | <p><a name="grid_matching"></a><b>grid_matching</b></p> |
---|
5380 | |
---|
5381 | |
---|
5382 | |
---|
5383 | |
---|
5384 | |
---|
5385 | |
---|
5386 | |
---|
5387 | </td> |
---|
5388 | |
---|
5389 | |
---|
5390 | |
---|
5391 | |
---|
5392 | |
---|
5393 | |
---|
5394 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 6</td> |
---|
5395 | |
---|
5396 | |
---|
5397 | |
---|
5398 | |
---|
5399 | |
---|
5400 | |
---|
5401 | |
---|
5402 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'match'</span></td> |
---|
5403 | |
---|
5404 | |
---|
5405 | |
---|
5406 | |
---|
5407 | |
---|
5408 | |
---|
5409 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Variable to adjust the |
---|
5410 | subdomain |
---|
5411 | sizes in parallel runs.<br> |
---|
5412 | |
---|
5413 | |
---|
5414 | |
---|
5415 | |
---|
5416 | |
---|
5417 | |
---|
5418 | <br> |
---|
5419 | |
---|
5420 | |
---|
5421 | |
---|
5422 | |
---|
5423 | |
---|
5424 | |
---|
5425 | |
---|
5426 | For <b>grid_matching</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
---|
5427 | the subdomains are forced to have an identical |
---|
5428 | size on all processors. In this case the processor numbers in the |
---|
5429 | respective directions of the virtual processor net must fulfill certain |
---|
5430 | divisor conditions concerning the grid point numbers in the three |
---|
5431 | directions (see <a href="#nx">nx</a>, <a href="#ny">ny</a> |
---|
5432 | and <a href="#nz">nz</a>). |
---|
5433 | Advantage of this method is that all PEs bear the same computational |
---|
5434 | load.<br> |
---|
5435 | |
---|
5436 | |
---|
5437 | |
---|
5438 | |
---|
5439 | |
---|
5440 | |
---|
5441 | <br> |
---|
5442 | |
---|
5443 | |
---|
5444 | |
---|
5445 | |
---|
5446 | |
---|
5447 | |
---|
5448 | |
---|
5449 | There is no such restriction by default, because then smaller |
---|
5450 | subdomains are allowed on those processors which |
---|
5451 | form the right and/or north boundary of the virtual processor grid. On |
---|
5452 | all other processors the subdomains are of same size. Whether smaller |
---|
5453 | subdomains are actually used, depends on the number of processors and |
---|
5454 | the grid point numbers used. Information about the respective settings |
---|
5455 | are given in file <a href="file:///home/raasch/public_html/PALM_group/home/raasch/public_html/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>.<br> |
---|
5456 | |
---|
5457 | |
---|
5458 | |
---|
5459 | |
---|
5460 | |
---|
5461 | |
---|
5462 | |
---|
5463 | <br> |
---|
5464 | |
---|
5465 | |
---|
5466 | |
---|
5467 | |
---|
5468 | |
---|
5469 | |
---|
5470 | |
---|
5471 | When using a multi-grid method for solving the Poisson equation (see <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
---|
5472 | only <b>grid_matching</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span> |
---|
5473 | is allowed.<br> |
---|
5474 | |
---|
5475 | |
---|
5476 | |
---|
5477 | |
---|
5478 | |
---|
5479 | |
---|
5480 | <br> |
---|
5481 | |
---|
5482 | |
---|
5483 | |
---|
5484 | |
---|
5485 | |
---|
5486 | |
---|
5487 | <b>Note:</b><br> |
---|
5488 | |
---|
5489 | |
---|
5490 | |
---|
5491 | |
---|
5492 | |
---|
5493 | |
---|
5494 | |
---|
5495 | In some cases for small processor numbers there may be a very bad load |
---|
5496 | balancing among the |
---|
5497 | processors which may reduce the performance of the code.</td> |
---|
5498 | |
---|
5499 | |
---|
5500 | |
---|
5501 | |
---|
5502 | |
---|
5503 | |
---|
5504 | </tr> |
---|
5505 | |
---|
5506 | |
---|
5507 | |
---|
5508 | |
---|
5509 | |
---|
5510 | |
---|
5511 | |
---|
5512 | <tr> |
---|
5513 | |
---|
5514 | |
---|
5515 | |
---|
5516 | |
---|
5517 | |
---|
5518 | |
---|
5519 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="inflow_disturbance_begin"></a><b>inflow_disturbance_<br> |
---|
5520 | |
---|
5521 | |
---|
5522 | |
---|
5523 | |
---|
5524 | |
---|
5525 | |
---|
5526 | |
---|
5527 | begin</b></td> |
---|
5528 | |
---|
5529 | |
---|
5530 | |
---|
5531 | |
---|
5532 | |
---|
5533 | |
---|
5534 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
5535 | |
---|
5536 | |
---|
5537 | |
---|
5538 | |
---|
5539 | |
---|
5540 | |
---|
5541 | |
---|
5542 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(10,</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
5543 | |
---|
5544 | |
---|
5545 | |
---|
5546 | |
---|
5547 | |
---|
5548 | |
---|
5549 | <span style="font-style: italic;">nx/2 or ny/2)</span></td> |
---|
5550 | |
---|
5551 | |
---|
5552 | |
---|
5553 | |
---|
5554 | |
---|
5555 | |
---|
5556 | |
---|
5557 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Lower |
---|
5558 | limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are to be |
---|
5559 | imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).<br> |
---|
5560 | |
---|
5561 | |
---|
5562 | |
---|
5563 | |
---|
5564 | |
---|
5565 | |
---|
5566 | <br> |
---|
5567 | |
---|
5568 | |
---|
5569 | |
---|
5570 | |
---|
5571 | |
---|
5572 | |
---|
5573 | |
---|
5574 | If non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions are used (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
---|
5575 | or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
---|
5576 | this parameter gives the gridpoint number (counted horizontally from |
---|
5577 | the inflow) from which on perturbations are imposed on the |
---|
5578 | horizontal velocity field. Perturbations must be switched on with |
---|
5579 | parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>.</td> |
---|
5580 | |
---|
5581 | |
---|
5582 | |
---|
5583 | |
---|
5584 | |
---|
5585 | |
---|
5586 | |
---|
5587 | </tr> |
---|
5588 | |
---|
5589 | |
---|
5590 | |
---|
5591 | |
---|
5592 | |
---|
5593 | |
---|
5594 | <tr> |
---|
5595 | |
---|
5596 | |
---|
5597 | |
---|
5598 | |
---|
5599 | |
---|
5600 | |
---|
5601 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="inflow_disturbance_end"></a><b>inflow_disturbance_<br> |
---|
5602 | |
---|
5603 | |
---|
5604 | |
---|
5605 | |
---|
5606 | |
---|
5607 | |
---|
5608 | |
---|
5609 | end</b></td> |
---|
5610 | |
---|
5611 | |
---|
5612 | |
---|
5613 | |
---|
5614 | |
---|
5615 | |
---|
5616 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
5617 | |
---|
5618 | |
---|
5619 | |
---|
5620 | |
---|
5621 | |
---|
5622 | |
---|
5623 | |
---|
5624 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(100,</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
5625 | |
---|
5626 | |
---|
5627 | |
---|
5628 | |
---|
5629 | |
---|
5630 | |
---|
5631 | <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*nx or</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
5632 | |
---|
5633 | |
---|
5634 | |
---|
5635 | |
---|
5636 | |
---|
5637 | |
---|
5638 | <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*ny)</span></td> |
---|
5639 | |
---|
5640 | |
---|
5641 | |
---|
5642 | |
---|
5643 | |
---|
5644 | |
---|
5645 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Upper |
---|
5646 | limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are |
---|
5647 | to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).<br> |
---|
5648 | |
---|
5649 | |
---|
5650 | |
---|
5651 | |
---|
5652 | |
---|
5653 | |
---|
5654 | <br> |
---|
5655 | |
---|
5656 | |
---|
5657 | |
---|
5658 | |
---|
5659 | |
---|
5660 | |
---|
5661 | |
---|
5662 | If non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions are used (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
---|
5663 | or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
---|
5664 | this parameter gives the gridpoint number (counted horizontally from |
---|
5665 | the inflow) unto which perturbations are imposed on the |
---|
5666 | horizontal |
---|
5667 | velocity field. Perturbations must be switched on with parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>.</td> |
---|
5668 | |
---|
5669 | |
---|
5670 | |
---|
5671 | |
---|
5672 | |
---|
5673 | |
---|
5674 | |
---|
5675 | </tr> |
---|
5676 | |
---|
5677 | |
---|
5678 | |
---|
5679 | |
---|
5680 | |
---|
5681 | |
---|
5682 | <tr> |
---|
5683 | |
---|
5684 | |
---|
5685 | |
---|
5686 | |
---|
5687 | |
---|
5688 | |
---|
5689 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
5690 | |
---|
5691 | |
---|
5692 | |
---|
5693 | |
---|
5694 | |
---|
5695 | |
---|
5696 | <p><a name="initializing_actions"></a><b>initializing_actions</b></p> |
---|
5697 | |
---|
5698 | |
---|
5699 | |
---|
5700 | |
---|
5701 | |
---|
5702 | |
---|
5703 | |
---|
5704 | </td> |
---|
5705 | |
---|
5706 | |
---|
5707 | |
---|
5708 | |
---|
5709 | |
---|
5710 | |
---|
5711 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 100</td> |
---|
5712 | |
---|
5713 | |
---|
5714 | |
---|
5715 | |
---|
5716 | |
---|
5717 | |
---|
5718 | |
---|
5719 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
---|
5720 | |
---|
5721 | |
---|
5722 | |
---|
5723 | |
---|
5724 | |
---|
5725 | |
---|
5726 | </td> |
---|
5727 | |
---|
5728 | |
---|
5729 | |
---|
5730 | |
---|
5731 | |
---|
5732 | |
---|
5733 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
5734 | |
---|
5735 | |
---|
5736 | |
---|
5737 | |
---|
5738 | |
---|
5739 | |
---|
5740 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Initialization actions |
---|
5741 | to be carried out. </p> |
---|
5742 | |
---|
5743 | |
---|
5744 | |
---|
5745 | |
---|
5746 | |
---|
5747 | |
---|
5748 | |
---|
5749 | |
---|
5750 | |
---|
5751 | |
---|
5752 | |
---|
5753 | |
---|
5754 | |
---|
5755 | <p style="font-style: normal;">This parameter does not have a |
---|
5756 | default value and therefore must be assigned with each model run. For |
---|
5757 | restart runs <b>initializing_actions</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'read_restart_data'</span> |
---|
5758 | must be set. For the initial run of a job chain the following values |
---|
5759 | are allowed: </p> |
---|
5760 | |
---|
5761 | |
---|
5762 | |
---|
5763 | |
---|
5764 | |
---|
5765 | |
---|
5766 | |
---|
5767 | |
---|
5768 | |
---|
5769 | |
---|
5770 | |
---|
5771 | |
---|
5772 | |
---|
5773 | <p style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span> |
---|
5774 | </p> |
---|
5775 | |
---|
5776 | |
---|
5777 | |
---|
5778 | |
---|
5779 | |
---|
5780 | |
---|
5781 | |
---|
5782 | |
---|
5783 | |
---|
5784 | |
---|
5785 | |
---|
5786 | |
---|
5787 | |
---|
5788 | <ul> |
---|
5789 | |
---|
5790 | |
---|
5791 | |
---|
5792 | |
---|
5793 | |
---|
5794 | |
---|
5795 | |
---|
5796 | |
---|
5797 | |
---|
5798 | |
---|
5799 | |
---|
5800 | |
---|
5801 | |
---|
5802 | <p>A horizontal wind profile consisting |
---|
5803 | of linear sections (see <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>, |
---|
5804 | <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a>, |
---|
5805 | <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
---|
5806 | and <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>, <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a>, |
---|
5807 | <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>, |
---|
5808 | respectively) as well as a vertical temperature (humidity) profile |
---|
5809 | consisting of |
---|
5810 | linear sections (see <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>, |
---|
5811 | <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>, |
---|
5812 | <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a> |
---|
5813 | and <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>) |
---|
5814 | are assumed as initial profiles. The subgrid-scale TKE is set to 0 but K<sub>m</sub> |
---|
5815 | and K<sub>h</sub> are set to very small values because |
---|
5816 | otherwise no TKE |
---|
5817 | would be generated.</p> |
---|
5818 | |
---|
5819 | |
---|
5820 | |
---|
5821 | |
---|
5822 | |
---|
5823 | |
---|
5824 | |
---|
5825 | |
---|
5826 | |
---|
5827 | |
---|
5828 | |
---|
5829 | |
---|
5830 | |
---|
5831 | </ul> |
---|
5832 | |
---|
5833 | |
---|
5834 | |
---|
5835 | |
---|
5836 | |
---|
5837 | |
---|
5838 | |
---|
5839 | |
---|
5840 | |
---|
5841 | |
---|
5842 | |
---|
5843 | |
---|
5844 | |
---|
5845 | <p style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles' </p> |
---|
5846 | |
---|
5847 | |
---|
5848 | |
---|
5849 | |
---|
5850 | |
---|
5851 | |
---|
5852 | |
---|
5853 | |
---|
5854 | |
---|
5855 | |
---|
5856 | |
---|
5857 | |
---|
5858 | |
---|
5859 | <ul> |
---|
5860 | |
---|
5861 | |
---|
5862 | |
---|
5863 | |
---|
5864 | |
---|
5865 | |
---|
5866 | |
---|
5867 | |
---|
5868 | |
---|
5869 | |
---|
5870 | |
---|
5871 | |
---|
5872 | |
---|
5873 | <p>The arrays of the 3d-model are initialized with |
---|
5874 | the |
---|
5875 | (stationary) solution of the 1d-model. These are the variables e, kh, |
---|
5876 | km, u, v and with Prandtl layer switched on rif, us, usws, vsws. The |
---|
5877 | temperature (humidity) profile consisting of linear sections is set as |
---|
5878 | for 'set_constant_profiles' and assumed as constant in time within the |
---|
5879 | 1d-model. For steering of the 1d-model a set of parameters with suffix |
---|
5880 | "_1d" (e.g. <a href="#end_time_1d">end_time_1d</a>, |
---|
5881 | <a href="#damp_level_1d">damp_level_1d</a>) |
---|
5882 | is available.</p> |
---|
5883 | |
---|
5884 | |
---|
5885 | |
---|
5886 | |
---|
5887 | |
---|
5888 | |
---|
5889 | |
---|
5890 | |
---|
5891 | |
---|
5892 | |
---|
5893 | |
---|
5894 | |
---|
5895 | |
---|
5896 | </ul> |
---|
5897 | |
---|
5898 | |
---|
5899 | |
---|
5900 | |
---|
5901 | |
---|
5902 | |
---|
5903 | |
---|
5904 | |
---|
5905 | |
---|
5906 | |
---|
5907 | |
---|
5908 | |
---|
5909 | |
---|
5910 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'by_user'</span></p> |
---|
5911 | |
---|
5912 | |
---|
5913 | |
---|
5914 | |
---|
5915 | |
---|
5916 | |
---|
5917 | |
---|
5918 | |
---|
5919 | |
---|
5920 | |
---|
5921 | |
---|
5922 | |
---|
5923 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">The initialization of the arrays |
---|
5924 | of the 3d-model is under complete control of the user and has to be |
---|
5925 | done in routine <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init_3d_model">user_init_3d_model</a> |
---|
5926 | of the user-interface.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span></p> |
---|
5927 | |
---|
5928 | |
---|
5929 | |
---|
5930 | |
---|
5931 | |
---|
5932 | |
---|
5933 | |
---|
5934 | |
---|
5935 | |
---|
5936 | |
---|
5937 | |
---|
5938 | |
---|
5939 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_vortex'</span> |
---|
5940 | </p> |
---|
5941 | |
---|
5942 | |
---|
5943 | |
---|
5944 | |
---|
5945 | |
---|
5946 | |
---|
5947 | |
---|
5948 | |
---|
5949 | |
---|
5950 | |
---|
5951 | |
---|
5952 | |
---|
5953 | |
---|
5954 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The initial |
---|
5955 | velocity field of the |
---|
5956 | 3d-model corresponds to a |
---|
5957 | Rankine-vortex with vertical axis. This setting may be used to test |
---|
5958 | advection schemes. Free-slip boundary conditions for u and v (see <a href="#bc_uv_b">bc_uv_b</a>, <a href="#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a>) |
---|
5959 | are necessary. In order not to distort the vortex, an initial |
---|
5960 | horizontal wind profile constant |
---|
5961 | with height is necessary (to be set by <b>initializing_actions</b> |
---|
5962 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span>) |
---|
5963 | and some other conditions have to be met (neutral stratification, |
---|
5964 | diffusion must be |
---|
5965 | switched off, see <a href="#km_constant">km_constant</a>). |
---|
5966 | The center of the vortex is located at jc = (nx+1)/2. It |
---|
5967 | extends from k = 0 to k = nz+1. Its radius is 8 * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
---|
5968 | and the exponentially decaying part ranges to 32 * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
---|
5969 | (see init_rankine.f90). </div> |
---|
5970 | |
---|
5971 | |
---|
5972 | |
---|
5973 | |
---|
5974 | |
---|
5975 | |
---|
5976 | |
---|
5977 | |
---|
5978 | |
---|
5979 | |
---|
5980 | |
---|
5981 | |
---|
5982 | |
---|
5983 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_ptanom'</span> |
---|
5984 | </p> |
---|
5985 | |
---|
5986 | |
---|
5987 | |
---|
5988 | |
---|
5989 | |
---|
5990 | |
---|
5991 | |
---|
5992 | |
---|
5993 | |
---|
5994 | |
---|
5995 | |
---|
5996 | |
---|
5997 | |
---|
5998 | <ul> |
---|
5999 | |
---|
6000 | |
---|
6001 | |
---|
6002 | |
---|
6003 | |
---|
6004 | |
---|
6005 | |
---|
6006 | |
---|
6007 | |
---|
6008 | |
---|
6009 | |
---|
6010 | |
---|
6011 | |
---|
6012 | <p>A 2d-Gauss-like shape disturbance |
---|
6013 | (x,y) is added to the |
---|
6014 | initial temperature field with radius 10.0 * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
---|
6015 | and center at jc = (nx+1)/2. This may be used for tests of scalar |
---|
6016 | advection schemes |
---|
6017 | (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>). |
---|
6018 | Such tests require a horizontal wind profile constant with hight and |
---|
6019 | diffusion |
---|
6020 | switched off (see <span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_vortex'</span>). |
---|
6021 | Additionally, the buoyancy term |
---|
6022 | must be switched of in the equation of motion for w (this |
---|
6023 | requires the user to comment out the call of <span style="font-family: monospace;">buoyancy</span> in the |
---|
6024 | source code of <span style="font-family: monospace;">prognostic_equations.f90</span>).</p> |
---|
6025 | |
---|
6026 | |
---|
6027 | |
---|
6028 | |
---|
6029 | |
---|
6030 | |
---|
6031 | |
---|
6032 | |
---|
6033 | |
---|
6034 | |
---|
6035 | |
---|
6036 | |
---|
6037 | |
---|
6038 | </ul> |
---|
6039 | |
---|
6040 | |
---|
6041 | |
---|
6042 | |
---|
6043 | |
---|
6044 | |
---|
6045 | |
---|
6046 | |
---|
6047 | |
---|
6048 | |
---|
6049 | |
---|
6050 | |
---|
6051 | |
---|
6052 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Values may be |
---|
6053 | combined, e.g. <b>initializing_actions</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles |
---|
6054 | initialize_vortex'</span>, but the values of <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span>, |
---|
6055 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span> |
---|
6056 | , and <span style="font-style: italic;">'by_user'</span> |
---|
6057 | must not be given at the same time.</p> |
---|
6058 | |
---|
6059 | |
---|
6060 | |
---|
6061 | |
---|
6062 | |
---|
6063 | |
---|
6064 | |
---|
6065 | |
---|
6066 | |
---|
6067 | |
---|
6068 | |
---|
6069 | |
---|
6070 | |
---|
6071 | <p style="font-style: italic;"> </p> |
---|
6072 | |
---|
6073 | |
---|
6074 | |
---|
6075 | |
---|
6076 | |
---|
6077 | |
---|
6078 | </td> |
---|
6079 | |
---|
6080 | |
---|
6081 | |
---|
6082 | |
---|
6083 | |
---|
6084 | |
---|
6085 | </tr> |
---|
6086 | |
---|
6087 | |
---|
6088 | |
---|
6089 | |
---|
6090 | |
---|
6091 | |
---|
6092 | |
---|
6093 | <tr> |
---|
6094 | |
---|
6095 | |
---|
6096 | |
---|
6097 | |
---|
6098 | |
---|
6099 | |
---|
6100 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
6101 | |
---|
6102 | |
---|
6103 | |
---|
6104 | |
---|
6105 | |
---|
6106 | |
---|
6107 | <p><a name="km_constant"></a><b>km_constant</b></p> |
---|
6108 | |
---|
6109 | |
---|
6110 | |
---|
6111 | |
---|
6112 | |
---|
6113 | |
---|
6114 | |
---|
6115 | </td> |
---|
6116 | |
---|
6117 | |
---|
6118 | |
---|
6119 | |
---|
6120 | |
---|
6121 | |
---|
6122 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
6123 | |
---|
6124 | |
---|
6125 | |
---|
6126 | |
---|
6127 | |
---|
6128 | |
---|
6129 | |
---|
6130 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>variable<br> |
---|
6131 | |
---|
6132 | |
---|
6133 | |
---|
6134 | |
---|
6135 | |
---|
6136 | |
---|
6137 | |
---|
6138 | (computed from TKE)</i></td> |
---|
6139 | |
---|
6140 | |
---|
6141 | |
---|
6142 | |
---|
6143 | |
---|
6144 | |
---|
6145 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
6146 | |
---|
6147 | |
---|
6148 | |
---|
6149 | |
---|
6150 | |
---|
6151 | |
---|
6152 | <p>Constant eddy |
---|
6153 | diffusivities are used (laminar |
---|
6154 | simulations). </p> |
---|
6155 | |
---|
6156 | |
---|
6157 | |
---|
6158 | |
---|
6159 | |
---|
6160 | |
---|
6161 | |
---|
6162 | |
---|
6163 | |
---|
6164 | |
---|
6165 | |
---|
6166 | |
---|
6167 | |
---|
6168 | <p>If this parameter is |
---|
6169 | specified, both in the 1d and in the |
---|
6170 | 3d-model constant values for the eddy diffusivities are used in |
---|
6171 | space and time with K<sub>m</sub> = <b>km_constant</b> |
---|
6172 | and K<sub>h</sub> = K<sub>m</sub> / <a href="chapter_4.2.html#prandtl_number">prandtl_number</a>. |
---|
6173 | The prognostic equation for the subgrid-scale TKE is switched off. |
---|
6174 | Constant eddy diffusivities are only allowed with the Prandtl layer (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>) |
---|
6175 | switched off.</p> |
---|
6176 | |
---|
6177 | |
---|
6178 | |
---|
6179 | |
---|
6180 | |
---|
6181 | |
---|
6182 | </td> |
---|
6183 | |
---|
6184 | |
---|
6185 | |
---|
6186 | |
---|
6187 | |
---|
6188 | |
---|
6189 | </tr> |
---|
6190 | |
---|
6191 | |
---|
6192 | |
---|
6193 | |
---|
6194 | |
---|
6195 | |
---|
6196 | <tr> |
---|
6197 | |
---|
6198 | |
---|
6199 | |
---|
6200 | |
---|
6201 | |
---|
6202 | |
---|
6203 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
6204 | |
---|
6205 | |
---|
6206 | |
---|
6207 | |
---|
6208 | |
---|
6209 | |
---|
6210 | <p><a name="km_damp_max"></a><b>km_damp_max</b></p> |
---|
6211 | |
---|
6212 | |
---|
6213 | |
---|
6214 | |
---|
6215 | |
---|
6216 | |
---|
6217 | |
---|
6218 | </td> |
---|
6219 | |
---|
6220 | |
---|
6221 | |
---|
6222 | |
---|
6223 | |
---|
6224 | |
---|
6225 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
6226 | |
---|
6227 | |
---|
6228 | |
---|
6229 | |
---|
6230 | |
---|
6231 | |
---|
6232 | |
---|
6233 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.5*(dx |
---|
6234 | or dy)</span></td> |
---|
6235 | |
---|
6236 | |
---|
6237 | |
---|
6238 | |
---|
6239 | |
---|
6240 | |
---|
6241 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum |
---|
6242 | diffusivity used for filtering the velocity field in the vicinity of |
---|
6243 | the outflow (in m<sup>2</sup>/s).<br> |
---|
6244 | |
---|
6245 | |
---|
6246 | |
---|
6247 | |
---|
6248 | |
---|
6249 | |
---|
6250 | <br> |
---|
6251 | |
---|
6252 | |
---|
6253 | |
---|
6254 | |
---|
6255 | |
---|
6256 | |
---|
6257 | |
---|
6258 | When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
---|
6259 | or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
---|
6260 | a smoothing has to be applied to the |
---|
6261 | velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow in order to suppress any |
---|
6262 | reflections of outgoing disturbances. Smoothing is done by increasing |
---|
6263 | the eddy diffusivity along the horizontal direction which is |
---|
6264 | perpendicular to the outflow boundary. Only velocity components |
---|
6265 | parallel to the outflow boundary are filtered (e.g. v and w, if the |
---|
6266 | outflow is along x). Damping is applied from the bottom to the top of |
---|
6267 | the domain.<br> |
---|
6268 | |
---|
6269 | |
---|
6270 | |
---|
6271 | |
---|
6272 | |
---|
6273 | |
---|
6274 | <br> |
---|
6275 | |
---|
6276 | |
---|
6277 | |
---|
6278 | |
---|
6279 | |
---|
6280 | |
---|
6281 | |
---|
6282 | The horizontal range of the smoothing is controlled by <a href="#outflow_damping_width">outflow_damping_width</a> |
---|
6283 | which defines the number of gridpoints (counted from the outflow |
---|
6284 | boundary) from where on the smoothing is applied. Starting from that |
---|
6285 | point, the eddy diffusivity is linearly increased (from zero to its |
---|
6286 | maximum value given by <span style="font-weight: bold;">km_damp_max</span>) |
---|
6287 | until half of the damping range width, from where it remains constant |
---|
6288 | up to the outflow boundary. If at a certain grid point the eddy |
---|
6289 | diffusivity calculated from the flow field is larger than as described |
---|
6290 | above, it is used instead.<br> |
---|
6291 | |
---|
6292 | |
---|
6293 | |
---|
6294 | |
---|
6295 | |
---|
6296 | |
---|
6297 | <br> |
---|
6298 | |
---|
6299 | |
---|
6300 | |
---|
6301 | |
---|
6302 | |
---|
6303 | |
---|
6304 | |
---|
6305 | The default value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">km_damp_max</span> |
---|
6306 | has been empirically proven to be sufficient.</td> |
---|
6307 | |
---|
6308 | |
---|
6309 | |
---|
6310 | |
---|
6311 | |
---|
6312 | |
---|
6313 | </tr> |
---|
6314 | |
---|
6315 | |
---|
6316 | |
---|
6317 | |
---|
6318 | |
---|
6319 | |
---|
6320 | <tr> |
---|
6321 | |
---|
6322 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="lad_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">lad_surface</span></td> |
---|
6323 | |
---|
6324 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
6325 | |
---|
6326 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
---|
6327 | |
---|
6328 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Surface value of the leaf area density (in m<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>).<br> |
---|
6329 | |
---|
6330 | <br> |
---|
6331 | |
---|
6332 | This |
---|
6333 | parameter assigns the value of the leaf area density <span style="font-weight: bold;">lad</span> at the surface (k=0)<b>.</b> Starting from this value, |
---|
6334 | the leaf area density profile is constructed with <a href="chapter_4.1.html#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
6335 | and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level |
---|
6336 | </a>.</td> |
---|
6337 | |
---|
6338 | </tr> |
---|
6339 | |
---|
6340 | <tr> |
---|
6341 | |
---|
6342 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="lad_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">lad_vertical_gradient</span></td> |
---|
6343 | |
---|
6344 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
---|
6345 | |
---|
6346 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td> |
---|
6347 | |
---|
6348 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Gradient(s) of the leaf area density (in m<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>4</sup>).<br> |
---|
6349 | |
---|
6350 | <br> |
---|
6351 | |
---|
6352 | |
---|
6353 | <p>This leaf area density gradient |
---|
6354 | holds starting from the height |
---|
6355 | level defined by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
---|
6356 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) > lad_vertical_gradient_level, lad(k) is set: lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * <b>lad_vertical_gradient</b>) |
---|
6357 | up to the level defined by <a href="#pch_index">pch_index</a>. Above that level lad(k) will automatically set to 0.0. A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
---|
6358 | if <a href="chapter_4.1.html#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
---|
6359 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The leaf area density at the surface is |
---|
6360 | assigned via <a href="chapter_4.1.html#lad_surface">lad_surface</a>. |
---|
6361 | </p> |
---|
6362 | |
---|
6363 | </td> |
---|
6364 | |
---|
6365 | </tr> |
---|
6366 | |
---|
6367 | <tr> |
---|
6368 | |
---|
6369 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="lad_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">lad_vertical_gradient_level</span></td> |
---|
6370 | |
---|
6371 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
---|
6372 | |
---|
6373 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td> |
---|
6374 | |
---|
6375 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height level from which on the gradient |
---|
6376 | of the leaf area density defined by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
---|
6377 | is effective (in m).<br> |
---|
6378 | |
---|
6379 | <br> |
---|
6380 | |
---|
6381 | The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. The |
---|
6382 | default values result in a leaf area density that is constant with height uup to the top of the plant canopy layer defined by <a href="#pch_index">pch_index</a>. For the piecewise construction of temperature profiles see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a>.</td> |
---|
6383 | |
---|
6384 | </tr> |
---|
6385 | |
---|
6386 | <tr> |
---|
6387 | |
---|
6388 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="leaf_surface_concentration"></a><b>leaf_surface_concentration</b></td> |
---|
6389 | |
---|
6390 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
6391 | |
---|
6392 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
6393 | |
---|
6394 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Concentration of a passive scalar at the surface of a leaf (in K m/s).<br> |
---|
6395 | |
---|
6396 | |
---|
6397 | <br> |
---|
6398 | |
---|
6399 | |
---|
6400 | This parameter is only of importance in cases in that both, <a href="../../../../../DEVELOPER_VERSION/chapter_4.1_adjusted.html#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> and <a href="../../../../../DEVELOPER_VERSION/chapter_4.1_adjusted.html#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>, are set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>. |
---|
6401 | The value of the concentration of a passive scalar at the surface of a |
---|
6402 | leaf is required for the parametrisation of the sources and sinks of |
---|
6403 | scalar concentration due to the canopy.</td> |
---|
6404 | |
---|
6405 | </tr> |
---|
6406 | |
---|
6407 | <tr> |
---|
6408 | |
---|
6409 | |
---|
6410 | |
---|
6411 | |
---|
6412 | |
---|
6413 | |
---|
6414 | |
---|
6415 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
6416 | |
---|
6417 | |
---|
6418 | |
---|
6419 | |
---|
6420 | |
---|
6421 | |
---|
6422 | <p><a name="long_filter_factor"></a><b>long_filter_factor</b></p> |
---|
6423 | |
---|
6424 | |
---|
6425 | |
---|
6426 | |
---|
6427 | |
---|
6428 | |
---|
6429 | |
---|
6430 | </td> |
---|
6431 | |
---|
6432 | |
---|
6433 | |
---|
6434 | |
---|
6435 | |
---|
6436 | |
---|
6437 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
6438 | |
---|
6439 | |
---|
6440 | |
---|
6441 | |
---|
6442 | |
---|
6443 | |
---|
6444 | |
---|
6445 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
6446 | |
---|
6447 | |
---|
6448 | |
---|
6449 | |
---|
6450 | |
---|
6451 | |
---|
6452 | |
---|
6453 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
6454 | |
---|
6455 | |
---|
6456 | |
---|
6457 | |
---|
6458 | |
---|
6459 | |
---|
6460 | <p>Filter factor |
---|
6461 | for the so-called Long-filter.<br> |
---|
6462 | |
---|
6463 | |
---|
6464 | |
---|
6465 | |
---|
6466 | |
---|
6467 | |
---|
6468 | </p> |
---|
6469 | |
---|
6470 | |
---|
6471 | |
---|
6472 | |
---|
6473 | |
---|
6474 | |
---|
6475 | |
---|
6476 | |
---|
6477 | |
---|
6478 | |
---|
6479 | |
---|
6480 | |
---|
6481 | |
---|
6482 | <p><br> |
---|
6483 | |
---|
6484 | |
---|
6485 | |
---|
6486 | |
---|
6487 | |
---|
6488 | |
---|
6489 | |
---|
6490 | This filter very efficiently |
---|
6491 | eliminates 2-delta-waves sometimes cauesed by the upstream-spline |
---|
6492 | scheme (see Mahrer and |
---|
6493 | Pielke, 1978: Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 818-830). It works in all three |
---|
6494 | directions in space. A value of <b>long_filter_factor</b> |
---|
6495 | = <i>0.01</i> |
---|
6496 | sufficiently removes the small-scale waves without affecting the |
---|
6497 | longer waves.<br> |
---|
6498 | |
---|
6499 | |
---|
6500 | |
---|
6501 | |
---|
6502 | |
---|
6503 | |
---|
6504 | </p> |
---|
6505 | |
---|
6506 | |
---|
6507 | |
---|
6508 | |
---|
6509 | |
---|
6510 | |
---|
6511 | |
---|
6512 | |
---|
6513 | |
---|
6514 | |
---|
6515 | |
---|
6516 | |
---|
6517 | |
---|
6518 | <p>By default, the filter is |
---|
6519 | switched off (= <i>0.0</i>). |
---|
6520 | It is exclusively applied to the tendencies calculated by the |
---|
6521 | upstream-spline scheme (see <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a> |
---|
6522 | and <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>), |
---|
6523 | not to the prognostic variables themselves. At the bottom and top |
---|
6524 | boundary of the model domain the filter effect for vertical |
---|
6525 | 2-delta-waves is reduced. There, the amplitude of these waves is only |
---|
6526 | reduced by approx. 50%, otherwise by nearly 100%. <br> |
---|
6527 | |
---|
6528 | |
---|
6529 | |
---|
6530 | |
---|
6531 | |
---|
6532 | |
---|
6533 | |
---|
6534 | Filter factors with values > <i>0.01</i> also |
---|
6535 | reduce the amplitudes |
---|
6536 | of waves with wavelengths longer than 2-delta (see the paper by Mahrer |
---|
6537 | and |
---|
6538 | Pielke, quoted above). </p> |
---|
6539 | |
---|
6540 | |
---|
6541 | |
---|
6542 | |
---|
6543 | |
---|
6544 | |
---|
6545 | </td> |
---|
6546 | |
---|
6547 | |
---|
6548 | |
---|
6549 | |
---|
6550 | |
---|
6551 | |
---|
6552 | </tr> |
---|
6553 | |
---|
6554 | |
---|
6555 | |
---|
6556 | |
---|
6557 | |
---|
6558 | |
---|
6559 | <tr> |
---|
6560 | |
---|
6561 | |
---|
6562 | |
---|
6563 | |
---|
6564 | |
---|
6565 | |
---|
6566 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="loop_optimization"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span></td> |
---|
6567 | |
---|
6568 | |
---|
6569 | |
---|
6570 | |
---|
6571 | |
---|
6572 | |
---|
6573 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*16</td> |
---|
6574 | |
---|
6575 | |
---|
6576 | |
---|
6577 | |
---|
6578 | |
---|
6579 | |
---|
6580 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">see right</span></td> |
---|
6581 | |
---|
6582 | |
---|
6583 | |
---|
6584 | |
---|
6585 | |
---|
6586 | |
---|
6587 | <td>Method used to optimize loops for solving the prognostic equations .<br> |
---|
6588 | |
---|
6589 | |
---|
6590 | |
---|
6591 | |
---|
6592 | |
---|
6593 | |
---|
6594 | <br> |
---|
6595 | |
---|
6596 | |
---|
6597 | |
---|
6598 | |
---|
6599 | |
---|
6600 | |
---|
6601 | By |
---|
6602 | default, the optimization method depends on the host on which PALM is |
---|
6603 | running. On machines with vector-type CPUs, single 3d-loops are used to |
---|
6604 | calculate each tendency term of each prognostic equation, while on all |
---|
6605 | other machines, all prognostic equations are solved within one big loop |
---|
6606 | over the two horizontal indices<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> i </span>and<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> j </span>(giving a good cache uitilization).<br> |
---|
6607 | |
---|
6608 | |
---|
6609 | |
---|
6610 | |
---|
6611 | |
---|
6612 | |
---|
6613 | <br> |
---|
6614 | |
---|
6615 | |
---|
6616 | |
---|
6617 | |
---|
6618 | |
---|
6619 | |
---|
6620 | The default behaviour can be changed by setting either <span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'vector'</span> or <span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cache'</span>.</td> |
---|
6621 | |
---|
6622 | |
---|
6623 | |
---|
6624 | |
---|
6625 | |
---|
6626 | |
---|
6627 | </tr> |
---|
6628 | |
---|
6629 | |
---|
6630 | |
---|
6631 | |
---|
6632 | |
---|
6633 | |
---|
6634 | <tr> |
---|
6635 | |
---|
6636 | |
---|
6637 | |
---|
6638 | |
---|
6639 | |
---|
6640 | |
---|
6641 | |
---|
6642 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="mixing_length_1d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">mixing_length_1d</span><br> |
---|
6643 | |
---|
6644 | |
---|
6645 | |
---|
6646 | |
---|
6647 | |
---|
6648 | |
---|
6649 | |
---|
6650 | </td> |
---|
6651 | |
---|
6652 | |
---|
6653 | |
---|
6654 | |
---|
6655 | |
---|
6656 | |
---|
6657 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br> |
---|
6658 | |
---|
6659 | |
---|
6660 | |
---|
6661 | |
---|
6662 | |
---|
6663 | |
---|
6664 | |
---|
6665 | </td> |
---|
6666 | |
---|
6667 | |
---|
6668 | |
---|
6669 | |
---|
6670 | |
---|
6671 | |
---|
6672 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
6673 | |
---|
6674 | |
---|
6675 | |
---|
6676 | |
---|
6677 | |
---|
6678 | |
---|
6679 | <span style="font-style: italic;">model'</span><br> |
---|
6680 | |
---|
6681 | |
---|
6682 | |
---|
6683 | |
---|
6684 | |
---|
6685 | |
---|
6686 | </td> |
---|
6687 | |
---|
6688 | |
---|
6689 | |
---|
6690 | |
---|
6691 | |
---|
6692 | |
---|
6693 | |
---|
6694 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Mixing length used in the |
---|
6695 | 1d-model.<br> |
---|
6696 | |
---|
6697 | |
---|
6698 | |
---|
6699 | |
---|
6700 | |
---|
6701 | |
---|
6702 | <br> |
---|
6703 | |
---|
6704 | |
---|
6705 | |
---|
6706 | |
---|
6707 | |
---|
6708 | |
---|
6709 | |
---|
6710 | By default the mixing length is calculated as in the 3d-model (i.e. it |
---|
6711 | depends on the grid spacing).<br> |
---|
6712 | |
---|
6713 | |
---|
6714 | |
---|
6715 | |
---|
6716 | |
---|
6717 | |
---|
6718 | <br> |
---|
6719 | |
---|
6720 | |
---|
6721 | |
---|
6722 | |
---|
6723 | |
---|
6724 | |
---|
6725 | |
---|
6726 | By setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">mixing_length_1d</span> |
---|
6727 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'blackadar'</span>, |
---|
6728 | the so-called Blackadar mixing length is used (l = kappa * z / ( 1 + |
---|
6729 | kappa * z / lambda ) with the limiting value lambda = 2.7E-4 * u_g / f).<br> |
---|
6730 | |
---|
6731 | |
---|
6732 | |
---|
6733 | |
---|
6734 | |
---|
6735 | |
---|
6736 | |
---|
6737 | </td> |
---|
6738 | |
---|
6739 | |
---|
6740 | |
---|
6741 | |
---|
6742 | |
---|
6743 | |
---|
6744 | </tr> |
---|
6745 | |
---|
6746 | |
---|
6747 | |
---|
6748 | |
---|
6749 | |
---|
6750 | |
---|
6751 | <tr> |
---|
6752 | |
---|
6753 | |
---|
6754 | |
---|
6755 | |
---|
6756 | |
---|
6757 | |
---|
6758 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
6759 | |
---|
6760 | |
---|
6761 | |
---|
6762 | |
---|
6763 | |
---|
6764 | |
---|
6765 | <p><a name="humidity"></a><b>humidity</b></p> |
---|
6766 | |
---|
6767 | |
---|
6768 | |
---|
6769 | |
---|
6770 | |
---|
6771 | |
---|
6772 | |
---|
6773 | </td> |
---|
6774 | |
---|
6775 | |
---|
6776 | |
---|
6777 | |
---|
6778 | |
---|
6779 | |
---|
6780 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
6781 | |
---|
6782 | |
---|
6783 | |
---|
6784 | |
---|
6785 | |
---|
6786 | |
---|
6787 | |
---|
6788 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
---|
6789 | |
---|
6790 | |
---|
6791 | |
---|
6792 | |
---|
6793 | |
---|
6794 | |
---|
6795 | |
---|
6796 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
6797 | |
---|
6798 | |
---|
6799 | |
---|
6800 | |
---|
6801 | |
---|
6802 | |
---|
6803 | <p>Parameter to |
---|
6804 | switch on the prognostic equation for specific |
---|
6805 | humidity q.<br> |
---|
6806 | |
---|
6807 | |
---|
6808 | |
---|
6809 | |
---|
6810 | |
---|
6811 | |
---|
6812 | </p> |
---|
6813 | |
---|
6814 | |
---|
6815 | |
---|
6816 | |
---|
6817 | |
---|
6818 | |
---|
6819 | |
---|
6820 | |
---|
6821 | |
---|
6822 | |
---|
6823 | |
---|
6824 | |
---|
6825 | |
---|
6826 | <p>The initial vertical |
---|
6827 | profile of q can be set via parameters <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_surface">q_surface</a>, <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
6828 | and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
---|
6829 | Boundary conditions can be set via <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_surface_initial_change">q_surface_initial_change</a> |
---|
6830 | and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>.<br> |
---|
6831 | |
---|
6832 | |
---|
6833 | |
---|
6834 | |
---|
6835 | |
---|
6836 | |
---|
6837 | |
---|
6838 | </p> |
---|
6839 | |
---|
6840 | |
---|
6841 | |
---|
6842 | |
---|
6843 | |
---|
6844 | |
---|
6845 | |
---|
6846 | If the condensation scheme is switched on (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a> |
---|
6847 | = .TRUE.), q becomes the total liquid water content (sum of specific |
---|
6848 | humidity and liquid water content).</td> |
---|
6849 | |
---|
6850 | |
---|
6851 | |
---|
6852 | |
---|
6853 | |
---|
6854 | |
---|
6855 | </tr> |
---|
6856 | |
---|
6857 | |
---|
6858 | |
---|
6859 | |
---|
6860 | |
---|
6861 | |
---|
6862 | |
---|
6863 | <tr> |
---|
6864 | |
---|
6865 | |
---|
6866 | |
---|
6867 | |
---|
6868 | |
---|
6869 | |
---|
6870 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
6871 | |
---|
6872 | |
---|
6873 | |
---|
6874 | |
---|
6875 | |
---|
6876 | |
---|
6877 | <p><a name="momentum_advec"></a><b>momentum_advec</b></p> |
---|
6878 | |
---|
6879 | |
---|
6880 | |
---|
6881 | |
---|
6882 | |
---|
6883 | |
---|
6884 | |
---|
6885 | </td> |
---|
6886 | |
---|
6887 | |
---|
6888 | |
---|
6889 | |
---|
6890 | |
---|
6891 | |
---|
6892 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10</td> |
---|
6893 | |
---|
6894 | |
---|
6895 | |
---|
6896 | |
---|
6897 | |
---|
6898 | |
---|
6899 | |
---|
6900 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'pw-scheme'</i></td> |
---|
6901 | |
---|
6902 | |
---|
6903 | |
---|
6904 | |
---|
6905 | |
---|
6906 | |
---|
6907 | |
---|
6908 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
6909 | |
---|
6910 | |
---|
6911 | |
---|
6912 | |
---|
6913 | |
---|
6914 | |
---|
6915 | <p>Advection |
---|
6916 | scheme to be used for the momentum equations.<br> |
---|
6917 | |
---|
6918 | |
---|
6919 | |
---|
6920 | |
---|
6921 | |
---|
6922 | |
---|
6923 | <br> |
---|
6924 | |
---|
6925 | |
---|
6926 | |
---|
6927 | |
---|
6928 | |
---|
6929 | |
---|
6930 | |
---|
6931 | The user can choose between the following schemes:<br> |
---|
6932 | |
---|
6933 | |
---|
6934 | |
---|
6935 | |
---|
6936 | |
---|
6937 | |
---|
6938 | |
---|
6939 | <br> |
---|
6940 | |
---|
6941 | |
---|
6942 | |
---|
6943 | |
---|
6944 | |
---|
6945 | |
---|
6946 | <br> |
---|
6947 | |
---|
6948 | |
---|
6949 | |
---|
6950 | |
---|
6951 | |
---|
6952 | |
---|
6953 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'pw-scheme'</span><br> |
---|
6954 | |
---|
6955 | |
---|
6956 | |
---|
6957 | |
---|
6958 | |
---|
6959 | |
---|
6960 | |
---|
6961 | </p> |
---|
6962 | |
---|
6963 | |
---|
6964 | |
---|
6965 | |
---|
6966 | |
---|
6967 | |
---|
6968 | |
---|
6969 | |
---|
6970 | |
---|
6971 | |
---|
6972 | |
---|
6973 | |
---|
6974 | |
---|
6975 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The scheme of |
---|
6976 | Piascek and |
---|
6977 | Williams (1970, J. Comp. Phys., 6, |
---|
6978 | 392-405) with central differences in the form C3 is used.<br> |
---|
6979 | |
---|
6980 | |
---|
6981 | |
---|
6982 | |
---|
6983 | |
---|
6984 | |
---|
6985 | |
---|
6986 | If intermediate Euler-timesteps are carried out in case of <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> |
---|
6987 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog+euler'</span> |
---|
6988 | the |
---|
6989 | advection scheme is - for the Euler-timestep - automatically switched |
---|
6990 | to an upstream-scheme.<br> |
---|
6991 | |
---|
6992 | |
---|
6993 | |
---|
6994 | |
---|
6995 | |
---|
6996 | |
---|
6997 | </div> |
---|
6998 | |
---|
6999 | |
---|
7000 | |
---|
7001 | |
---|
7002 | |
---|
7003 | |
---|
7004 | |
---|
7005 | |
---|
7006 | |
---|
7007 | |
---|
7008 | |
---|
7009 | |
---|
7010 | |
---|
7011 | <p> </p> |
---|
7012 | |
---|
7013 | |
---|
7014 | |
---|
7015 | |
---|
7016 | |
---|
7017 | |
---|
7018 | |
---|
7019 | |
---|
7020 | |
---|
7021 | |
---|
7022 | |
---|
7023 | |
---|
7024 | |
---|
7025 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span><br> |
---|
7026 | |
---|
7027 | |
---|
7028 | |
---|
7029 | |
---|
7030 | |
---|
7031 | |
---|
7032 | |
---|
7033 | </p> |
---|
7034 | |
---|
7035 | |
---|
7036 | |
---|
7037 | |
---|
7038 | |
---|
7039 | |
---|
7040 | |
---|
7041 | |
---|
7042 | |
---|
7043 | |
---|
7044 | |
---|
7045 | |
---|
7046 | |
---|
7047 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The |
---|
7048 | upstream-spline scheme is |
---|
7049 | used |
---|
7050 | (see Mahrer and Pielke, |
---|
7051 | 1978: Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 818-830). In opposite to the |
---|
7052 | Piascek-Williams scheme, this is characterized by much better numerical |
---|
7053 | features (less numerical diffusion, better preservation of flow |
---|
7054 | structures, e.g. vortices), but computationally it is much more |
---|
7055 | expensive. In |
---|
7056 | addition, the use of the Euler-timestep scheme is mandatory (<a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> |
---|
7057 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><i>euler'</i>), |
---|
7058 | i.e. the |
---|
7059 | timestep accuracy is only of first order. |
---|
7060 | For this reason the advection of scalar variables (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>) |
---|
7061 | should then also be carried out with the upstream-spline scheme, |
---|
7062 | because otherwise the scalar variables would |
---|
7063 | be subject to large numerical diffusion due to the upstream |
---|
7064 | scheme. </div> |
---|
7065 | |
---|
7066 | |
---|
7067 | |
---|
7068 | |
---|
7069 | |
---|
7070 | |
---|
7071 | |
---|
7072 | |
---|
7073 | |
---|
7074 | |
---|
7075 | |
---|
7076 | |
---|
7077 | |
---|
7078 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">Since |
---|
7079 | the cubic splines used tend |
---|
7080 | to overshoot under |
---|
7081 | certain circumstances, this effect must be adjusted by suitable |
---|
7082 | filtering and smoothing (see <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>, |
---|
7083 | <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>, |
---|
7084 | <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_u">ups_limit_u</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_v">ups_limit_v</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_w">ups_limit_w</a>). |
---|
7085 | This is always neccessary for runs with stable stratification, |
---|
7086 | even if this stratification appears only in parts of the model domain.<br> |
---|
7087 | |
---|
7088 | |
---|
7089 | |
---|
7090 | |
---|
7091 | |
---|
7092 | |
---|
7093 | |
---|
7094 | </p> |
---|
7095 | |
---|
7096 | |
---|
7097 | |
---|
7098 | |
---|
7099 | |
---|
7100 | |
---|
7101 | |
---|
7102 | |
---|
7103 | |
---|
7104 | |
---|
7105 | |
---|
7106 | |
---|
7107 | |
---|
7108 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">With stable |
---|
7109 | stratification the |
---|
7110 | upstream-spline scheme also |
---|
7111 | produces gravity waves with large amplitude, which must be |
---|
7112 | suitably damped (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#rayleigh_damping_factor">rayleigh_damping_factor</a>).<br> |
---|
7113 | |
---|
7114 | |
---|
7115 | |
---|
7116 | |
---|
7117 | |
---|
7118 | |
---|
7119 | |
---|
7120 | <br> |
---|
7121 | |
---|
7122 | |
---|
7123 | |
---|
7124 | |
---|
7125 | |
---|
7126 | |
---|
7127 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Important: </span>The |
---|
7128 | upstream-spline scheme is not implemented for humidity and passive |
---|
7129 | scalars (see <a href="#humidity">humidity</a> |
---|
7130 | and <a href="#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>) |
---|
7131 | and requires the use of a 2d-domain-decomposition. The last conditions |
---|
7132 | severely restricts code optimization on several machines leading to |
---|
7133 | very long execution times! The scheme is also not allowed for |
---|
7134 | non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
---|
7135 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</div> |
---|
7136 | |
---|
7137 | |
---|
7138 | |
---|
7139 | |
---|
7140 | |
---|
7141 | |
---|
7142 | </td> |
---|
7143 | |
---|
7144 | |
---|
7145 | |
---|
7146 | |
---|
7147 | |
---|
7148 | |
---|
7149 | |
---|
7150 | </tr> |
---|
7151 | |
---|
7152 | |
---|
7153 | |
---|
7154 | |
---|
7155 | |
---|
7156 | |
---|
7157 | <tr> |
---|
7158 | |
---|
7159 | |
---|
7160 | |
---|
7161 | |
---|
7162 | |
---|
7163 | |
---|
7164 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="netcdf_precision"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span><br> |
---|
7165 | |
---|
7166 | |
---|
7167 | |
---|
7168 | |
---|
7169 | |
---|
7170 | |
---|
7171 | |
---|
7172 | </td> |
---|
7173 | |
---|
7174 | |
---|
7175 | |
---|
7176 | |
---|
7177 | |
---|
7178 | |
---|
7179 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br> |
---|
7180 | |
---|
7181 | |
---|
7182 | |
---|
7183 | |
---|
7184 | |
---|
7185 | |
---|
7186 | |
---|
7187 | (10)<br> |
---|
7188 | |
---|
7189 | |
---|
7190 | |
---|
7191 | |
---|
7192 | |
---|
7193 | |
---|
7194 | </td> |
---|
7195 | |
---|
7196 | |
---|
7197 | |
---|
7198 | |
---|
7199 | |
---|
7200 | |
---|
7201 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">single preci-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
7202 | |
---|
7203 | |
---|
7204 | |
---|
7205 | |
---|
7206 | |
---|
7207 | |
---|
7208 | <span style="font-style: italic;">sion for all</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
7209 | |
---|
7210 | |
---|
7211 | |
---|
7212 | |
---|
7213 | |
---|
7214 | |
---|
7215 | <span style="font-style: italic;">output quan-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
7216 | |
---|
7217 | |
---|
7218 | |
---|
7219 | |
---|
7220 | |
---|
7221 | |
---|
7222 | <span style="font-style: italic;">tities</span><br> |
---|
7223 | |
---|
7224 | |
---|
7225 | |
---|
7226 | |
---|
7227 | |
---|
7228 | |
---|
7229 | </td> |
---|
7230 | |
---|
7231 | |
---|
7232 | |
---|
7233 | |
---|
7234 | |
---|
7235 | |
---|
7236 | |
---|
7237 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Defines the accuracy of |
---|
7238 | the NetCDF output.<br> |
---|
7239 | |
---|
7240 | |
---|
7241 | |
---|
7242 | |
---|
7243 | |
---|
7244 | |
---|
7245 | <br> |
---|
7246 | |
---|
7247 | |
---|
7248 | |
---|
7249 | |
---|
7250 | |
---|
7251 | |
---|
7252 | |
---|
7253 | By default, all NetCDF output data (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>) |
---|
7254 | have single precision (4 byte) accuracy. Double precision (8 |
---|
7255 | byte) can be choosen alternatively.<br> |
---|
7256 | |
---|
7257 | |
---|
7258 | |
---|
7259 | |
---|
7260 | |
---|
7261 | |
---|
7262 | |
---|
7263 | Accuracy for the different output data (cross sections, 3d-volume data, |
---|
7264 | spectra, etc.) can be set independently.<br> |
---|
7265 | |
---|
7266 | |
---|
7267 | |
---|
7268 | |
---|
7269 | |
---|
7270 | |
---|
7271 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'<out>_NF90_REAL4'</span> |
---|
7272 | (single precision) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'<out>_NF90_REAL8'</span> |
---|
7273 | (double precision) are the two principally allowed values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span>, |
---|
7274 | where the string <span style="font-style: italic;">'<out>' |
---|
7275 | </span>can be chosen out of the following list:<br> |
---|
7276 | |
---|
7277 | |
---|
7278 | |
---|
7279 | |
---|
7280 | |
---|
7281 | |
---|
7282 | <br> |
---|
7283 | |
---|
7284 | |
---|
7285 | |
---|
7286 | |
---|
7287 | |
---|
7288 | |
---|
7289 | |
---|
7290 | |
---|
7291 | |
---|
7292 | |
---|
7293 | |
---|
7294 | |
---|
7295 | |
---|
7296 | <table style="text-align: left; width: 284px; height: 234px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> |
---|
7297 | |
---|
7298 | |
---|
7299 | |
---|
7300 | |
---|
7301 | |
---|
7302 | |
---|
7303 | <tbody> |
---|
7304 | |
---|
7305 | |
---|
7306 | |
---|
7307 | |
---|
7308 | |
---|
7309 | |
---|
7310 | |
---|
7311 | <tr> |
---|
7312 | |
---|
7313 | |
---|
7314 | |
---|
7315 | |
---|
7316 | |
---|
7317 | |
---|
7318 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'xy'</span><br> |
---|
7319 | |
---|
7320 | |
---|
7321 | |
---|
7322 | |
---|
7323 | |
---|
7324 | |
---|
7325 | </td> |
---|
7326 | |
---|
7327 | |
---|
7328 | |
---|
7329 | |
---|
7330 | |
---|
7331 | |
---|
7332 | |
---|
7333 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">horizontal cross section<br> |
---|
7334 | |
---|
7335 | |
---|
7336 | |
---|
7337 | |
---|
7338 | |
---|
7339 | |
---|
7340 | |
---|
7341 | </td> |
---|
7342 | |
---|
7343 | |
---|
7344 | |
---|
7345 | |
---|
7346 | |
---|
7347 | |
---|
7348 | </tr> |
---|
7349 | |
---|
7350 | |
---|
7351 | |
---|
7352 | |
---|
7353 | |
---|
7354 | |
---|
7355 | <tr> |
---|
7356 | |
---|
7357 | |
---|
7358 | |
---|
7359 | |
---|
7360 | |
---|
7361 | |
---|
7362 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'xz'</span><br> |
---|
7363 | |
---|
7364 | |
---|
7365 | |
---|
7366 | |
---|
7367 | |
---|
7368 | |
---|
7369 | </td> |
---|
7370 | |
---|
7371 | |
---|
7372 | |
---|
7373 | |
---|
7374 | |
---|
7375 | |
---|
7376 | |
---|
7377 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical (xz) cross |
---|
7378 | section<br> |
---|
7379 | |
---|
7380 | |
---|
7381 | |
---|
7382 | |
---|
7383 | |
---|
7384 | |
---|
7385 | </td> |
---|
7386 | |
---|
7387 | |
---|
7388 | |
---|
7389 | |
---|
7390 | |
---|
7391 | |
---|
7392 | </tr> |
---|
7393 | |
---|
7394 | |
---|
7395 | |
---|
7396 | |
---|
7397 | |
---|
7398 | |
---|
7399 | <tr> |
---|
7400 | |
---|
7401 | |
---|
7402 | |
---|
7403 | |
---|
7404 | |
---|
7405 | |
---|
7406 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'yz'</span><br> |
---|
7407 | |
---|
7408 | |
---|
7409 | |
---|
7410 | |
---|
7411 | |
---|
7412 | |
---|
7413 | </td> |
---|
7414 | |
---|
7415 | |
---|
7416 | |
---|
7417 | |
---|
7418 | |
---|
7419 | |
---|
7420 | |
---|
7421 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical (yz) cross |
---|
7422 | section<br> |
---|
7423 | |
---|
7424 | |
---|
7425 | |
---|
7426 | |
---|
7427 | |
---|
7428 | |
---|
7429 | </td> |
---|
7430 | |
---|
7431 | |
---|
7432 | |
---|
7433 | |
---|
7434 | |
---|
7435 | |
---|
7436 | </tr> |
---|
7437 | |
---|
7438 | |
---|
7439 | |
---|
7440 | |
---|
7441 | |
---|
7442 | |
---|
7443 | <tr> |
---|
7444 | |
---|
7445 | |
---|
7446 | |
---|
7447 | |
---|
7448 | |
---|
7449 | |
---|
7450 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'2d'</span><br> |
---|
7451 | |
---|
7452 | |
---|
7453 | |
---|
7454 | |
---|
7455 | |
---|
7456 | |
---|
7457 | </td> |
---|
7458 | |
---|
7459 | |
---|
7460 | |
---|
7461 | |
---|
7462 | |
---|
7463 | |
---|
7464 | |
---|
7465 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">all cross sections<br> |
---|
7466 | |
---|
7467 | |
---|
7468 | |
---|
7469 | |
---|
7470 | |
---|
7471 | |
---|
7472 | |
---|
7473 | </td> |
---|
7474 | |
---|
7475 | |
---|
7476 | |
---|
7477 | |
---|
7478 | |
---|
7479 | |
---|
7480 | </tr> |
---|
7481 | |
---|
7482 | |
---|
7483 | |
---|
7484 | |
---|
7485 | |
---|
7486 | |
---|
7487 | <tr> |
---|
7488 | |
---|
7489 | |
---|
7490 | |
---|
7491 | |
---|
7492 | |
---|
7493 | |
---|
7494 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'3d'</span><br> |
---|
7495 | |
---|
7496 | |
---|
7497 | |
---|
7498 | |
---|
7499 | |
---|
7500 | |
---|
7501 | </td> |
---|
7502 | |
---|
7503 | |
---|
7504 | |
---|
7505 | |
---|
7506 | |
---|
7507 | |
---|
7508 | |
---|
7509 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">volume data<br> |
---|
7510 | |
---|
7511 | |
---|
7512 | |
---|
7513 | |
---|
7514 | |
---|
7515 | |
---|
7516 | </td> |
---|
7517 | |
---|
7518 | |
---|
7519 | |
---|
7520 | |
---|
7521 | |
---|
7522 | |
---|
7523 | |
---|
7524 | </tr> |
---|
7525 | |
---|
7526 | |
---|
7527 | |
---|
7528 | |
---|
7529 | |
---|
7530 | |
---|
7531 | <tr> |
---|
7532 | |
---|
7533 | |
---|
7534 | |
---|
7535 | |
---|
7536 | |
---|
7537 | |
---|
7538 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'pr'</span><br> |
---|
7539 | |
---|
7540 | |
---|
7541 | |
---|
7542 | |
---|
7543 | |
---|
7544 | |
---|
7545 | </td> |
---|
7546 | |
---|
7547 | |
---|
7548 | |
---|
7549 | |
---|
7550 | |
---|
7551 | |
---|
7552 | |
---|
7553 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical profiles<br> |
---|
7554 | |
---|
7555 | |
---|
7556 | |
---|
7557 | |
---|
7558 | |
---|
7559 | |
---|
7560 | |
---|
7561 | </td> |
---|
7562 | |
---|
7563 | |
---|
7564 | |
---|
7565 | |
---|
7566 | |
---|
7567 | |
---|
7568 | </tr> |
---|
7569 | |
---|
7570 | |
---|
7571 | |
---|
7572 | |
---|
7573 | |
---|
7574 | |
---|
7575 | <tr> |
---|
7576 | |
---|
7577 | |
---|
7578 | |
---|
7579 | |
---|
7580 | |
---|
7581 | |
---|
7582 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'ts'</span><br> |
---|
7583 | |
---|
7584 | |
---|
7585 | |
---|
7586 | |
---|
7587 | |
---|
7588 | |
---|
7589 | </td> |
---|
7590 | |
---|
7591 | |
---|
7592 | |
---|
7593 | |
---|
7594 | |
---|
7595 | |
---|
7596 | |
---|
7597 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">time series, particle |
---|
7598 | time series<br> |
---|
7599 | |
---|
7600 | |
---|
7601 | |
---|
7602 | |
---|
7603 | |
---|
7604 | |
---|
7605 | </td> |
---|
7606 | |
---|
7607 | |
---|
7608 | |
---|
7609 | |
---|
7610 | |
---|
7611 | |
---|
7612 | </tr> |
---|
7613 | |
---|
7614 | |
---|
7615 | |
---|
7616 | |
---|
7617 | |
---|
7618 | |
---|
7619 | <tr> |
---|
7620 | |
---|
7621 | |
---|
7622 | |
---|
7623 | |
---|
7624 | |
---|
7625 | |
---|
7626 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'sp'</span><br> |
---|
7627 | |
---|
7628 | |
---|
7629 | |
---|
7630 | |
---|
7631 | |
---|
7632 | |
---|
7633 | </td> |
---|
7634 | |
---|
7635 | |
---|
7636 | |
---|
7637 | |
---|
7638 | |
---|
7639 | |
---|
7640 | |
---|
7641 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">spectra<br> |
---|
7642 | |
---|
7643 | |
---|
7644 | |
---|
7645 | |
---|
7646 | |
---|
7647 | |
---|
7648 | </td> |
---|
7649 | |
---|
7650 | |
---|
7651 | |
---|
7652 | |
---|
7653 | |
---|
7654 | |
---|
7655 | |
---|
7656 | </tr> |
---|
7657 | |
---|
7658 | |
---|
7659 | |
---|
7660 | |
---|
7661 | |
---|
7662 | |
---|
7663 | <tr> |
---|
7664 | |
---|
7665 | |
---|
7666 | |
---|
7667 | |
---|
7668 | |
---|
7669 | |
---|
7670 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'prt'</span><br> |
---|
7671 | |
---|
7672 | |
---|
7673 | |
---|
7674 | |
---|
7675 | |
---|
7676 | |
---|
7677 | </td> |
---|
7678 | |
---|
7679 | |
---|
7680 | |
---|
7681 | |
---|
7682 | |
---|
7683 | |
---|
7684 | |
---|
7685 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">particles<br> |
---|
7686 | |
---|
7687 | |
---|
7688 | |
---|
7689 | |
---|
7690 | |
---|
7691 | |
---|
7692 | </td> |
---|
7693 | |
---|
7694 | |
---|
7695 | |
---|
7696 | |
---|
7697 | |
---|
7698 | |
---|
7699 | |
---|
7700 | </tr> |
---|
7701 | |
---|
7702 | |
---|
7703 | |
---|
7704 | |
---|
7705 | |
---|
7706 | |
---|
7707 | <tr> |
---|
7708 | |
---|
7709 | |
---|
7710 | |
---|
7711 | |
---|
7712 | |
---|
7713 | |
---|
7714 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'all'</span><br> |
---|
7715 | |
---|
7716 | |
---|
7717 | |
---|
7718 | |
---|
7719 | |
---|
7720 | |
---|
7721 | </td> |
---|
7722 | |
---|
7723 | |
---|
7724 | |
---|
7725 | |
---|
7726 | |
---|
7727 | |
---|
7728 | |
---|
7729 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">all output quantities<br> |
---|
7730 | |
---|
7731 | |
---|
7732 | |
---|
7733 | |
---|
7734 | |
---|
7735 | |
---|
7736 | |
---|
7737 | </td> |
---|
7738 | |
---|
7739 | |
---|
7740 | |
---|
7741 | |
---|
7742 | |
---|
7743 | |
---|
7744 | </tr> |
---|
7745 | |
---|
7746 | |
---|
7747 | |
---|
7748 | |
---|
7749 | |
---|
7750 | |
---|
7751 | |
---|
7752 | |
---|
7753 | |
---|
7754 | |
---|
7755 | |
---|
7756 | |
---|
7757 | |
---|
7758 | </tbody> |
---|
7759 | |
---|
7760 | |
---|
7761 | |
---|
7762 | |
---|
7763 | |
---|
7764 | |
---|
7765 | </table> |
---|
7766 | |
---|
7767 | |
---|
7768 | |
---|
7769 | |
---|
7770 | |
---|
7771 | |
---|
7772 | <br> |
---|
7773 | |
---|
7774 | |
---|
7775 | |
---|
7776 | |
---|
7777 | |
---|
7778 | |
---|
7779 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br> |
---|
7780 | |
---|
7781 | |
---|
7782 | |
---|
7783 | |
---|
7784 | |
---|
7785 | |
---|
7786 | |
---|
7787 | If all cross section data and the particle data shall be output in |
---|
7788 | double precision and all other quantities in single precision, then <span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'2d_NF90_REAL8'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'prt_NF90_REAL8'</span> |
---|
7789 | has to be assigned.<br> |
---|
7790 | |
---|
7791 | |
---|
7792 | |
---|
7793 | |
---|
7794 | |
---|
7795 | |
---|
7796 | </td> |
---|
7797 | |
---|
7798 | |
---|
7799 | |
---|
7800 | |
---|
7801 | |
---|
7802 | |
---|
7803 | </tr> |
---|
7804 | |
---|
7805 | |
---|
7806 | |
---|
7807 | |
---|
7808 | |
---|
7809 | |
---|
7810 | |
---|
7811 | <tr> |
---|
7812 | |
---|
7813 | |
---|
7814 | |
---|
7815 | |
---|
7816 | |
---|
7817 | |
---|
7818 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
7819 | |
---|
7820 | |
---|
7821 | |
---|
7822 | |
---|
7823 | |
---|
7824 | |
---|
7825 | <p><a name="npex"></a><b>npex</b></p> |
---|
7826 | |
---|
7827 | |
---|
7828 | |
---|
7829 | |
---|
7830 | |
---|
7831 | |
---|
7832 | </td> |
---|
7833 | |
---|
7834 | |
---|
7835 | |
---|
7836 | |
---|
7837 | |
---|
7838 | |
---|
7839 | |
---|
7840 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
7841 | |
---|
7842 | |
---|
7843 | |
---|
7844 | |
---|
7845 | |
---|
7846 | |
---|
7847 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
---|
7848 | |
---|
7849 | |
---|
7850 | |
---|
7851 | |
---|
7852 | |
---|
7853 | |
---|
7854 | </td> |
---|
7855 | |
---|
7856 | |
---|
7857 | |
---|
7858 | |
---|
7859 | |
---|
7860 | |
---|
7861 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
7862 | |
---|
7863 | |
---|
7864 | |
---|
7865 | |
---|
7866 | |
---|
7867 | |
---|
7868 | <p>Number of processors |
---|
7869 | along x-direction of the virtual |
---|
7870 | processor |
---|
7871 | net. </p> |
---|
7872 | |
---|
7873 | |
---|
7874 | |
---|
7875 | |
---|
7876 | |
---|
7877 | |
---|
7878 | |
---|
7879 | |
---|
7880 | |
---|
7881 | |
---|
7882 | |
---|
7883 | |
---|
7884 | |
---|
7885 | <p>For parallel runs, the total |
---|
7886 | number of processors to be used |
---|
7887 | is given by |
---|
7888 | the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> |
---|
7889 | option <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/software/mrun_beschreibung.html#Opt-X">-X</a>. |
---|
7890 | By default, depending on the type of the parallel computer, PALM |
---|
7891 | generates a 1d processor |
---|
7892 | net (domain decomposition along x, <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span> |
---|
7893 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">1</span>) or a |
---|
7894 | 2d-net (this is |
---|
7895 | favored on machines with fast communication network). In case of a |
---|
7896 | 2d-net, it is tried to make it more or less square-shaped. If, for |
---|
7897 | example, 16 processors are assigned (-X 16), a 4 * 4 processor net is |
---|
7898 | generated (<span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span> |
---|
7899 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">4</span>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span> |
---|
7900 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">4</span>). |
---|
7901 | This choice is optimal for square total domains (<a href="#nx">nx</a> |
---|
7902 | = <a href="#ny">ny</a>), |
---|
7903 | since then the number of ghost points at the lateral boundarys of |
---|
7904 | the subdomains is minimal. If <span style="font-weight: bold;">nx</span> |
---|
7905 | nd <span style="font-weight: bold;">ny</span> |
---|
7906 | differ extremely, the |
---|
7907 | processor net should be manually adjusted using adequate values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span>. </p> |
---|
7908 | |
---|
7909 | |
---|
7910 | |
---|
7911 | |
---|
7912 | |
---|
7913 | |
---|
7914 | |
---|
7915 | |
---|
7916 | |
---|
7917 | |
---|
7918 | |
---|
7919 | |
---|
7920 | |
---|
7921 | <p><b>Important:</b> The value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span> * <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span> must exactly |
---|
7922 | correspond to the |
---|
7923 | value assigned by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-option |
---|
7924 | <tt>-X</tt>. |
---|
7925 | Otherwise the model run will abort with a corresponding error |
---|
7926 | message. <br> |
---|
7927 | |
---|
7928 | |
---|
7929 | |
---|
7930 | |
---|
7931 | |
---|
7932 | |
---|
7933 | |
---|
7934 | Additionally, the specification of <span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span> |
---|
7935 | and <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span> |
---|
7936 | may of course |
---|
7937 | override the default setting for the domain decomposition (1d or 2d) |
---|
7938 | which may have a significant (negative) effect on the code performance. |
---|
7939 | </p> |
---|
7940 | |
---|
7941 | |
---|
7942 | |
---|
7943 | |
---|
7944 | |
---|
7945 | |
---|
7946 | </td> |
---|
7947 | |
---|
7948 | |
---|
7949 | |
---|
7950 | |
---|
7951 | |
---|
7952 | |
---|
7953 | </tr> |
---|
7954 | |
---|
7955 | |
---|
7956 | |
---|
7957 | |
---|
7958 | |
---|
7959 | |
---|
7960 | <tr> |
---|
7961 | |
---|
7962 | |
---|
7963 | |
---|
7964 | |
---|
7965 | |
---|
7966 | |
---|
7967 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
7968 | |
---|
7969 | |
---|
7970 | |
---|
7971 | |
---|
7972 | |
---|
7973 | |
---|
7974 | <p><a name="npey"></a><b>npey</b></p> |
---|
7975 | |
---|
7976 | |
---|
7977 | |
---|
7978 | |
---|
7979 | |
---|
7980 | |
---|
7981 | |
---|
7982 | </td> |
---|
7983 | |
---|
7984 | |
---|
7985 | |
---|
7986 | |
---|
7987 | |
---|
7988 | |
---|
7989 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
7990 | |
---|
7991 | |
---|
7992 | |
---|
7993 | |
---|
7994 | |
---|
7995 | |
---|
7996 | |
---|
7997 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
---|
7998 | |
---|
7999 | |
---|
8000 | |
---|
8001 | |
---|
8002 | |
---|
8003 | |
---|
8004 | </td> |
---|
8005 | |
---|
8006 | |
---|
8007 | |
---|
8008 | |
---|
8009 | |
---|
8010 | |
---|
8011 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8012 | |
---|
8013 | |
---|
8014 | |
---|
8015 | |
---|
8016 | |
---|
8017 | |
---|
8018 | <p>Number of processors |
---|
8019 | along y-direction of the virtual |
---|
8020 | processor |
---|
8021 | net. </p> |
---|
8022 | |
---|
8023 | |
---|
8024 | |
---|
8025 | |
---|
8026 | |
---|
8027 | |
---|
8028 | |
---|
8029 | |
---|
8030 | |
---|
8031 | |
---|
8032 | |
---|
8033 | |
---|
8034 | |
---|
8035 | <p>For further information see <a href="#npex">npex</a>.</p> |
---|
8036 | |
---|
8037 | |
---|
8038 | |
---|
8039 | |
---|
8040 | |
---|
8041 | |
---|
8042 | </td> |
---|
8043 | |
---|
8044 | |
---|
8045 | |
---|
8046 | |
---|
8047 | |
---|
8048 | |
---|
8049 | </tr> |
---|
8050 | |
---|
8051 | |
---|
8052 | |
---|
8053 | |
---|
8054 | |
---|
8055 | |
---|
8056 | |
---|
8057 | <tr> |
---|
8058 | |
---|
8059 | |
---|
8060 | |
---|
8061 | |
---|
8062 | |
---|
8063 | |
---|
8064 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8065 | |
---|
8066 | |
---|
8067 | |
---|
8068 | |
---|
8069 | |
---|
8070 | |
---|
8071 | <p><a name="nsor_ini"></a><b>nsor_ini</b></p> |
---|
8072 | |
---|
8073 | |
---|
8074 | |
---|
8075 | |
---|
8076 | |
---|
8077 | |
---|
8078 | |
---|
8079 | </td> |
---|
8080 | |
---|
8081 | |
---|
8082 | |
---|
8083 | |
---|
8084 | |
---|
8085 | |
---|
8086 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
8087 | |
---|
8088 | |
---|
8089 | |
---|
8090 | |
---|
8091 | |
---|
8092 | |
---|
8093 | |
---|
8094 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100</i></td> |
---|
8095 | |
---|
8096 | |
---|
8097 | |
---|
8098 | |
---|
8099 | |
---|
8100 | |
---|
8101 | |
---|
8102 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8103 | |
---|
8104 | |
---|
8105 | |
---|
8106 | |
---|
8107 | |
---|
8108 | |
---|
8109 | <p>Initial number |
---|
8110 | of iterations with the SOR algorithm. </p> |
---|
8111 | |
---|
8112 | |
---|
8113 | |
---|
8114 | |
---|
8115 | |
---|
8116 | |
---|
8117 | |
---|
8118 | |
---|
8119 | |
---|
8120 | |
---|
8121 | |
---|
8122 | |
---|
8123 | |
---|
8124 | <p>This |
---|
8125 | parameter is only effective if the SOR algorithm was |
---|
8126 | selected as the pressure solver scheme (<a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a> |
---|
8127 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'sor'</span>) |
---|
8128 | and specifies the |
---|
8129 | number of initial iterations of the SOR |
---|
8130 | scheme (at t = 0). The number of subsequent iterations at the following |
---|
8131 | timesteps is determined |
---|
8132 | with the parameter <a href="#nsor">nsor</a>. |
---|
8133 | Usually <b>nsor</b> < <b>nsor_ini</b>, |
---|
8134 | since in each case |
---|
8135 | subsequent calls to <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a> |
---|
8136 | use the solution of the previous call as initial value. Suitable |
---|
8137 | test runs should determine whether sufficient convergence of the |
---|
8138 | solution is obtained with the default value and if necessary the value |
---|
8139 | of <b>nsor_ini</b> should be changed.</p> |
---|
8140 | |
---|
8141 | |
---|
8142 | |
---|
8143 | |
---|
8144 | |
---|
8145 | |
---|
8146 | </td> |
---|
8147 | |
---|
8148 | |
---|
8149 | |
---|
8150 | |
---|
8151 | |
---|
8152 | |
---|
8153 | |
---|
8154 | </tr> |
---|
8155 | |
---|
8156 | |
---|
8157 | |
---|
8158 | |
---|
8159 | |
---|
8160 | |
---|
8161 | <tr> |
---|
8162 | |
---|
8163 | |
---|
8164 | |
---|
8165 | |
---|
8166 | |
---|
8167 | |
---|
8168 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8169 | |
---|
8170 | |
---|
8171 | |
---|
8172 | |
---|
8173 | |
---|
8174 | |
---|
8175 | <p><a name="nx"></a><b>nx</b></p> |
---|
8176 | |
---|
8177 | |
---|
8178 | |
---|
8179 | |
---|
8180 | |
---|
8181 | |
---|
8182 | |
---|
8183 | </td> |
---|
8184 | |
---|
8185 | |
---|
8186 | |
---|
8187 | |
---|
8188 | |
---|
8189 | |
---|
8190 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
8191 | |
---|
8192 | |
---|
8193 | |
---|
8194 | |
---|
8195 | |
---|
8196 | |
---|
8197 | |
---|
8198 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
---|
8199 | |
---|
8200 | |
---|
8201 | |
---|
8202 | |
---|
8203 | |
---|
8204 | |
---|
8205 | </td> |
---|
8206 | |
---|
8207 | |
---|
8208 | |
---|
8209 | |
---|
8210 | |
---|
8211 | |
---|
8212 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8213 | |
---|
8214 | |
---|
8215 | |
---|
8216 | |
---|
8217 | |
---|
8218 | |
---|
8219 | <p>Number of grid |
---|
8220 | points in x-direction. </p> |
---|
8221 | |
---|
8222 | |
---|
8223 | |
---|
8224 | |
---|
8225 | |
---|
8226 | |
---|
8227 | |
---|
8228 | |
---|
8229 | |
---|
8230 | |
---|
8231 | |
---|
8232 | |
---|
8233 | |
---|
8234 | <p>A value for this |
---|
8235 | parameter must be assigned. Since the lower |
---|
8236 | array bound in PALM |
---|
8237 | starts with i = 0, the actual number of grid points is equal to <b>nx+1</b>. |
---|
8238 | In case of cyclic boundary conditions along x, the domain size is (<b>nx+1</b>)* |
---|
8239 | <a href="#dx">dx</a>.</p> |
---|
8240 | |
---|
8241 | |
---|
8242 | |
---|
8243 | |
---|
8244 | |
---|
8245 | |
---|
8246 | |
---|
8247 | |
---|
8248 | |
---|
8249 | |
---|
8250 | |
---|
8251 | |
---|
8252 | |
---|
8253 | <p>For |
---|
8254 | parallel runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a> |
---|
8255 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
---|
8256 | <b>nx+1</b> must |
---|
8257 | be an integral multiple |
---|
8258 | of the processor numbers (see <a href="#npex">npex</a> |
---|
8259 | and <a href="#npey">npey</a>) |
---|
8260 | along x- as well as along y-direction (due to data |
---|
8261 | transposition restrictions).</p> |
---|
8262 | |
---|
8263 | |
---|
8264 | |
---|
8265 | |
---|
8266 | |
---|
8267 | |
---|
8268 | |
---|
8269 | |
---|
8270 | |
---|
8271 | |
---|
8272 | |
---|
8273 | |
---|
8274 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
---|
8275 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
---|
8276 | |
---|
8277 | |
---|
8278 | |
---|
8279 | |
---|
8280 | |
---|
8281 | |
---|
8282 | </td> |
---|
8283 | |
---|
8284 | |
---|
8285 | |
---|
8286 | |
---|
8287 | |
---|
8288 | |
---|
8289 | </tr> |
---|
8290 | |
---|
8291 | |
---|
8292 | |
---|
8293 | |
---|
8294 | |
---|
8295 | |
---|
8296 | <tr> |
---|
8297 | |
---|
8298 | |
---|
8299 | |
---|
8300 | |
---|
8301 | |
---|
8302 | |
---|
8303 | |
---|
8304 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8305 | |
---|
8306 | |
---|
8307 | |
---|
8308 | |
---|
8309 | |
---|
8310 | |
---|
8311 | <p><a name="ny"></a><b>ny</b></p> |
---|
8312 | |
---|
8313 | |
---|
8314 | |
---|
8315 | |
---|
8316 | |
---|
8317 | |
---|
8318 | |
---|
8319 | </td> |
---|
8320 | |
---|
8321 | |
---|
8322 | |
---|
8323 | |
---|
8324 | |
---|
8325 | |
---|
8326 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
8327 | |
---|
8328 | |
---|
8329 | |
---|
8330 | |
---|
8331 | |
---|
8332 | |
---|
8333 | |
---|
8334 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
---|
8335 | |
---|
8336 | |
---|
8337 | |
---|
8338 | |
---|
8339 | |
---|
8340 | |
---|
8341 | </td> |
---|
8342 | |
---|
8343 | |
---|
8344 | |
---|
8345 | |
---|
8346 | |
---|
8347 | |
---|
8348 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8349 | |
---|
8350 | |
---|
8351 | |
---|
8352 | |
---|
8353 | |
---|
8354 | |
---|
8355 | <p>Number of grid |
---|
8356 | points in y-direction. </p> |
---|
8357 | |
---|
8358 | |
---|
8359 | |
---|
8360 | |
---|
8361 | |
---|
8362 | |
---|
8363 | |
---|
8364 | |
---|
8365 | |
---|
8366 | |
---|
8367 | |
---|
8368 | |
---|
8369 | |
---|
8370 | <p>A value for this |
---|
8371 | parameter must be assigned. Since the lower |
---|
8372 | array bound in PALM starts with j = 0, the actual number of grid points |
---|
8373 | is equal to <b>ny+1</b>. In case of cyclic boundary |
---|
8374 | conditions along |
---|
8375 | y, the domain size is (<b>ny+1</b>) * <a href="#dy">dy</a>.</p> |
---|
8376 | |
---|
8377 | |
---|
8378 | |
---|
8379 | |
---|
8380 | |
---|
8381 | |
---|
8382 | |
---|
8383 | |
---|
8384 | |
---|
8385 | |
---|
8386 | |
---|
8387 | |
---|
8388 | |
---|
8389 | <p>For parallel runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a> |
---|
8390 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
---|
8391 | <b>ny+1</b> must |
---|
8392 | be an integral multiple |
---|
8393 | of the processor numbers (see <a href="#npex">npex</a> |
---|
8394 | and <a href="#npey">npey</a>) |
---|
8395 | along y- as well as along x-direction (due to data |
---|
8396 | transposition restrictions).</p> |
---|
8397 | |
---|
8398 | |
---|
8399 | |
---|
8400 | |
---|
8401 | |
---|
8402 | |
---|
8403 | |
---|
8404 | |
---|
8405 | |
---|
8406 | |
---|
8407 | |
---|
8408 | |
---|
8409 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
---|
8410 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
---|
8411 | |
---|
8412 | |
---|
8413 | |
---|
8414 | |
---|
8415 | |
---|
8416 | |
---|
8417 | </td> |
---|
8418 | |
---|
8419 | |
---|
8420 | |
---|
8421 | |
---|
8422 | |
---|
8423 | |
---|
8424 | </tr> |
---|
8425 | |
---|
8426 | |
---|
8427 | |
---|
8428 | |
---|
8429 | |
---|
8430 | |
---|
8431 | <tr> |
---|
8432 | |
---|
8433 | |
---|
8434 | |
---|
8435 | |
---|
8436 | |
---|
8437 | |
---|
8438 | |
---|
8439 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8440 | |
---|
8441 | |
---|
8442 | |
---|
8443 | |
---|
8444 | |
---|
8445 | |
---|
8446 | <p><a name="nz"></a><b>nz</b></p> |
---|
8447 | |
---|
8448 | |
---|
8449 | |
---|
8450 | |
---|
8451 | |
---|
8452 | |
---|
8453 | |
---|
8454 | </td> |
---|
8455 | |
---|
8456 | |
---|
8457 | |
---|
8458 | |
---|
8459 | |
---|
8460 | |
---|
8461 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
8462 | |
---|
8463 | |
---|
8464 | |
---|
8465 | |
---|
8466 | |
---|
8467 | |
---|
8468 | |
---|
8469 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
---|
8470 | |
---|
8471 | |
---|
8472 | |
---|
8473 | |
---|
8474 | |
---|
8475 | |
---|
8476 | </td> |
---|
8477 | |
---|
8478 | |
---|
8479 | |
---|
8480 | |
---|
8481 | |
---|
8482 | |
---|
8483 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8484 | |
---|
8485 | |
---|
8486 | |
---|
8487 | |
---|
8488 | |
---|
8489 | |
---|
8490 | <p>Number of grid |
---|
8491 | points in z-direction. </p> |
---|
8492 | |
---|
8493 | |
---|
8494 | |
---|
8495 | |
---|
8496 | |
---|
8497 | |
---|
8498 | |
---|
8499 | |
---|
8500 | |
---|
8501 | |
---|
8502 | |
---|
8503 | |
---|
8504 | |
---|
8505 | <p>A value for this |
---|
8506 | parameter must be assigned. Since the lower |
---|
8507 | array bound in PALM |
---|
8508 | starts with k = 0 and since one additional grid point is added at the |
---|
8509 | top boundary (k = <b>nz+1</b>), the actual number of grid |
---|
8510 | points is <b>nz+2</b>. |
---|
8511 | However, the prognostic equations are only solved up to <b>nz</b> |
---|
8512 | (u, |
---|
8513 | v) |
---|
8514 | or up to <b>nz-1</b> (w, scalar quantities). The top |
---|
8515 | boundary for u |
---|
8516 | and v is at k = <b>nz+1</b> (u, v) while at k = <b>nz</b> |
---|
8517 | for all |
---|
8518 | other quantities. </p> |
---|
8519 | |
---|
8520 | |
---|
8521 | |
---|
8522 | |
---|
8523 | |
---|
8524 | |
---|
8525 | |
---|
8526 | |
---|
8527 | |
---|
8528 | |
---|
8529 | |
---|
8530 | |
---|
8531 | |
---|
8532 | <p>For parallel |
---|
8533 | runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a> |
---|
8534 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
---|
8535 | <b>nz</b> must |
---|
8536 | be an integral multiple of |
---|
8537 | the number of processors in x-direction (due to data transposition |
---|
8538 | restrictions).</p> |
---|
8539 | |
---|
8540 | |
---|
8541 | |
---|
8542 | |
---|
8543 | |
---|
8544 | |
---|
8545 | </td> |
---|
8546 | |
---|
8547 | |
---|
8548 | |
---|
8549 | |
---|
8550 | |
---|
8551 | |
---|
8552 | </tr> |
---|
8553 | |
---|
8554 | |
---|
8555 | |
---|
8556 | |
---|
8557 | |
---|
8558 | |
---|
8559 | <tr> |
---|
8560 | |
---|
8561 | |
---|
8562 | |
---|
8563 | |
---|
8564 | |
---|
8565 | |
---|
8566 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="ocean"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span></td> |
---|
8567 | |
---|
8568 | |
---|
8569 | |
---|
8570 | |
---|
8571 | |
---|
8572 | |
---|
8573 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
8574 | |
---|
8575 | |
---|
8576 | |
---|
8577 | |
---|
8578 | |
---|
8579 | |
---|
8580 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
---|
8581 | |
---|
8582 | |
---|
8583 | |
---|
8584 | |
---|
8585 | |
---|
8586 | |
---|
8587 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter to switch on ocean runs.<br> |
---|
8588 | |
---|
8589 | |
---|
8590 | |
---|
8591 | |
---|
8592 | |
---|
8593 | |
---|
8594 | <br> |
---|
8595 | |
---|
8596 | |
---|
8597 | |
---|
8598 | |
---|
8599 | |
---|
8600 | |
---|
8601 | By default PALM is configured to simulate atmospheric flows. However, starting from version 3.3, <span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> allows simulation of ocean turbulent flows. Setting this switch has several effects:<br> |
---|
8602 | |
---|
8603 | |
---|
8604 | |
---|
8605 | |
---|
8606 | |
---|
8607 | |
---|
8608 | <br> |
---|
8609 | |
---|
8610 | |
---|
8611 | |
---|
8612 | |
---|
8613 | |
---|
8614 | |
---|
8615 | |
---|
8616 | |
---|
8617 | |
---|
8618 | |
---|
8619 | |
---|
8620 | |
---|
8621 | <ul> |
---|
8622 | |
---|
8623 | |
---|
8624 | |
---|
8625 | |
---|
8626 | |
---|
8627 | |
---|
8628 | <li>An additional prognostic equation for salinity is solved.</li> |
---|
8629 | |
---|
8630 | |
---|
8631 | |
---|
8632 | |
---|
8633 | |
---|
8634 | |
---|
8635 | <li>Potential temperature in buoyancy and stability-related terms is replaced by potential density.</li> |
---|
8636 | |
---|
8637 | |
---|
8638 | |
---|
8639 | |
---|
8640 | |
---|
8641 | |
---|
8642 | <li>Potential |
---|
8643 | density is calculated from the equation of state for seawater after |
---|
8644 | each timestep, using the algorithm proposed by Jackett et al. (2006, J. |
---|
8645 | Atmos. Oceanic Technol., <span style="font-weight: bold;">23</span>, 1709-1728).<br> |
---|
8646 | |
---|
8647 | |
---|
8648 | |
---|
8649 | |
---|
8650 | |
---|
8651 | |
---|
8652 | So far, only the initial hydrostatic pressure is entered into this equation.</li> |
---|
8653 | |
---|
8654 | |
---|
8655 | |
---|
8656 | |
---|
8657 | |
---|
8658 | |
---|
8659 | <li>z=0 (sea surface) is assumed at the model top (vertical grid index <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">k=nzt</span> on the w-grid), with negative values of z indicating the depth.</li> |
---|
8660 | |
---|
8661 | |
---|
8662 | |
---|
8663 | |
---|
8664 | |
---|
8665 | |
---|
8666 | <li>Initial profiles are constructed (e.g. from <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> / <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a>) starting from the sea surface, using surface values given by <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>, <a href="#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>, <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>, and <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>.</li> |
---|
8667 | |
---|
8668 | |
---|
8669 | |
---|
8670 | |
---|
8671 | |
---|
8672 | |
---|
8673 | <li>Zero salinity flux is used as default boundary condition at the bottom of the sea.</li> |
---|
8674 | |
---|
8675 | |
---|
8676 | |
---|
8677 | |
---|
8678 | |
---|
8679 | |
---|
8680 | <li>If switched on, random perturbations are by default imposed to the upper model domain from zu(nzt*2/3) to zu(nzt-3).</li> |
---|
8681 | |
---|
8682 | |
---|
8683 | |
---|
8684 | |
---|
8685 | |
---|
8686 | |
---|
8687 | |
---|
8688 | |
---|
8689 | |
---|
8690 | |
---|
8691 | |
---|
8692 | |
---|
8693 | </ul> |
---|
8694 | |
---|
8695 | |
---|
8696 | |
---|
8697 | |
---|
8698 | |
---|
8699 | |
---|
8700 | <br> |
---|
8701 | |
---|
8702 | |
---|
8703 | |
---|
8704 | |
---|
8705 | |
---|
8706 | |
---|
8707 | Relevant parameters to be exclusively used for steering ocean runs are <a href="#bc_sa_t">bc_sa_t</a>, <a href="#bottom_salinityflux">bottom_salinityflux</a>, <a href="#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>, <a href="#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a>, <a href="#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level</a>, and <a href="#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>.<br> |
---|
8708 | |
---|
8709 | |
---|
8710 | |
---|
8711 | |
---|
8712 | |
---|
8713 | |
---|
8714 | <br> |
---|
8715 | |
---|
8716 | |
---|
8717 | |
---|
8718 | |
---|
8719 | |
---|
8720 | |
---|
8721 | Section <a href="chapter_4.2.2.html">4.4.2</a> gives an example for appropriate settings of these and other parameters neccessary for ocean runs.<br> |
---|
8722 | |
---|
8723 | |
---|
8724 | |
---|
8725 | |
---|
8726 | |
---|
8727 | |
---|
8728 | <br> |
---|
8729 | |
---|
8730 | |
---|
8731 | |
---|
8732 | |
---|
8733 | |
---|
8734 | |
---|
8735 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> does not allow settings of <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog+euler'</span> as well as <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span>.<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><br> |
---|
8736 | |
---|
8737 | |
---|
8738 | |
---|
8739 | </td> |
---|
8740 | |
---|
8741 | |
---|
8742 | |
---|
8743 | |
---|
8744 | |
---|
8745 | |
---|
8746 | </tr> |
---|
8747 | |
---|
8748 | |
---|
8749 | |
---|
8750 | |
---|
8751 | |
---|
8752 | |
---|
8753 | <tr> |
---|
8754 | |
---|
8755 | |
---|
8756 | |
---|
8757 | |
---|
8758 | |
---|
8759 | |
---|
8760 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8761 | |
---|
8762 | |
---|
8763 | |
---|
8764 | |
---|
8765 | |
---|
8766 | |
---|
8767 | <p><a name="omega"></a><b>omega</b></p> |
---|
8768 | |
---|
8769 | |
---|
8770 | |
---|
8771 | |
---|
8772 | |
---|
8773 | |
---|
8774 | |
---|
8775 | </td> |
---|
8776 | |
---|
8777 | |
---|
8778 | |
---|
8779 | |
---|
8780 | |
---|
8781 | |
---|
8782 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
8783 | |
---|
8784 | |
---|
8785 | |
---|
8786 | |
---|
8787 | |
---|
8788 | |
---|
8789 | |
---|
8790 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>7.29212E-5</i></td> |
---|
8791 | |
---|
8792 | |
---|
8793 | |
---|
8794 | |
---|
8795 | |
---|
8796 | |
---|
8797 | |
---|
8798 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8799 | |
---|
8800 | |
---|
8801 | |
---|
8802 | |
---|
8803 | |
---|
8804 | |
---|
8805 | <p>Angular |
---|
8806 | velocity of the rotating system (in rad s<sup>-1</sup>). |
---|
8807 | </p> |
---|
8808 | |
---|
8809 | |
---|
8810 | |
---|
8811 | |
---|
8812 | |
---|
8813 | |
---|
8814 | |
---|
8815 | |
---|
8816 | |
---|
8817 | |
---|
8818 | |
---|
8819 | |
---|
8820 | |
---|
8821 | <p>The angular velocity of the earth is set by |
---|
8822 | default. The |
---|
8823 | values |
---|
8824 | of the Coriolis parameters are calculated as: </p> |
---|
8825 | |
---|
8826 | |
---|
8827 | |
---|
8828 | |
---|
8829 | |
---|
8830 | |
---|
8831 | |
---|
8832 | |
---|
8833 | |
---|
8834 | |
---|
8835 | |
---|
8836 | |
---|
8837 | |
---|
8838 | <ul> |
---|
8839 | |
---|
8840 | |
---|
8841 | |
---|
8842 | |
---|
8843 | |
---|
8844 | |
---|
8845 | |
---|
8846 | |
---|
8847 | |
---|
8848 | |
---|
8849 | |
---|
8850 | |
---|
8851 | |
---|
8852 | <p>f = 2.0 * <b>omega</b> * sin(<a href="#phi">phi</a>) |
---|
8853 | <br> |
---|
8854 | |
---|
8855 | |
---|
8856 | |
---|
8857 | |
---|
8858 | |
---|
8859 | |
---|
8860 | f* = 2.0 * <b>omega</b> * cos(<a href="#phi">phi</a>)</p> |
---|
8861 | |
---|
8862 | |
---|
8863 | |
---|
8864 | |
---|
8865 | |
---|
8866 | |
---|
8867 | |
---|
8868 | |
---|
8869 | |
---|
8870 | |
---|
8871 | |
---|
8872 | |
---|
8873 | |
---|
8874 | </ul> |
---|
8875 | |
---|
8876 | |
---|
8877 | |
---|
8878 | |
---|
8879 | |
---|
8880 | |
---|
8881 | </td> |
---|
8882 | |
---|
8883 | |
---|
8884 | |
---|
8885 | |
---|
8886 | |
---|
8887 | |
---|
8888 | </tr> |
---|
8889 | |
---|
8890 | |
---|
8891 | |
---|
8892 | |
---|
8893 | |
---|
8894 | |
---|
8895 | <tr> |
---|
8896 | |
---|
8897 | |
---|
8898 | |
---|
8899 | |
---|
8900 | |
---|
8901 | |
---|
8902 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8903 | |
---|
8904 | |
---|
8905 | |
---|
8906 | |
---|
8907 | |
---|
8908 | |
---|
8909 | <p><a name="outflow_damping_width"></a><b>outflow_damping_width</b></p> |
---|
8910 | |
---|
8911 | |
---|
8912 | |
---|
8913 | |
---|
8914 | |
---|
8915 | |
---|
8916 | |
---|
8917 | </td> |
---|
8918 | |
---|
8919 | |
---|
8920 | |
---|
8921 | |
---|
8922 | |
---|
8923 | |
---|
8924 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
8925 | |
---|
8926 | |
---|
8927 | |
---|
8928 | |
---|
8929 | |
---|
8930 | |
---|
8931 | |
---|
8932 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(20, |
---|
8933 | nx/2</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">ny/2)</span></td> |
---|
8934 | |
---|
8935 | |
---|
8936 | |
---|
8937 | |
---|
8938 | |
---|
8939 | |
---|
8940 | |
---|
8941 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Width of |
---|
8942 | the damping range in the vicinity of the outflow (gridpoints).<br> |
---|
8943 | |
---|
8944 | |
---|
8945 | |
---|
8946 | |
---|
8947 | |
---|
8948 | |
---|
8949 | |
---|
8950 | <br> |
---|
8951 | |
---|
8952 | |
---|
8953 | |
---|
8954 | |
---|
8955 | |
---|
8956 | |
---|
8957 | |
---|
8958 | When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
---|
8959 | or <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
---|
8960 | a smoothing has to be applied to the |
---|
8961 | velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow in order to suppress any |
---|
8962 | reflections of outgoing disturbances. This parameter controlls the |
---|
8963 | horizontal range to which the smoothing is applied. The range is given |
---|
8964 | in gridpoints counted from the respective outflow boundary. For further |
---|
8965 | details about the smoothing see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#km_damp_max">km_damp_max</a>, |
---|
8966 | which defines the magnitude of the damping.</td> |
---|
8967 | |
---|
8968 | |
---|
8969 | |
---|
8970 | |
---|
8971 | |
---|
8972 | |
---|
8973 | </tr> |
---|
8974 | |
---|
8975 | |
---|
8976 | |
---|
8977 | |
---|
8978 | |
---|
8979 | |
---|
8980 | |
---|
8981 | <tr> |
---|
8982 | |
---|
8983 | |
---|
8984 | |
---|
8985 | |
---|
8986 | |
---|
8987 | |
---|
8988 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8989 | |
---|
8990 | |
---|
8991 | |
---|
8992 | |
---|
8993 | |
---|
8994 | |
---|
8995 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_e"></a><b>overshoot_limit_e</b></p> |
---|
8996 | |
---|
8997 | |
---|
8998 | |
---|
8999 | |
---|
9000 | |
---|
9001 | |
---|
9002 | |
---|
9003 | </td> |
---|
9004 | |
---|
9005 | |
---|
9006 | |
---|
9007 | |
---|
9008 | |
---|
9009 | |
---|
9010 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
9011 | |
---|
9012 | |
---|
9013 | |
---|
9014 | |
---|
9015 | |
---|
9016 | |
---|
9017 | |
---|
9018 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
9019 | |
---|
9020 | |
---|
9021 | |
---|
9022 | |
---|
9023 | |
---|
9024 | |
---|
9025 | |
---|
9026 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9027 | |
---|
9028 | |
---|
9029 | |
---|
9030 | |
---|
9031 | |
---|
9032 | |
---|
9033 | <p>Allowed limit |
---|
9034 | for the overshooting of subgrid-scale TKE in |
---|
9035 | case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>). |
---|
9036 | </p> |
---|
9037 | |
---|
9038 | |
---|
9039 | |
---|
9040 | |
---|
9041 | |
---|
9042 | |
---|
9043 | |
---|
9044 | |
---|
9045 | |
---|
9046 | |
---|
9047 | |
---|
9048 | |
---|
9049 | |
---|
9050 | <p>By deafult, if cut-off of overshoots is switched |
---|
9051 | on for the |
---|
9052 | upstream-spline scheme (see <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>), |
---|
9053 | no overshoots are permitted at all. If <b>overshoot_limit_e</b> |
---|
9054 | is given a non-zero value, overshoots with the respective |
---|
9055 | amplitude (both upward and downward) are allowed. </p> |
---|
9056 | |
---|
9057 | |
---|
9058 | |
---|
9059 | |
---|
9060 | |
---|
9061 | |
---|
9062 | |
---|
9063 | |
---|
9064 | |
---|
9065 | |
---|
9066 | |
---|
9067 | |
---|
9068 | |
---|
9069 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_e</b>.</p> |
---|
9070 | |
---|
9071 | |
---|
9072 | |
---|
9073 | |
---|
9074 | |
---|
9075 | |
---|
9076 | |
---|
9077 | </td> |
---|
9078 | |
---|
9079 | |
---|
9080 | |
---|
9081 | |
---|
9082 | |
---|
9083 | |
---|
9084 | </tr> |
---|
9085 | |
---|
9086 | |
---|
9087 | |
---|
9088 | |
---|
9089 | |
---|
9090 | |
---|
9091 | <tr> |
---|
9092 | |
---|
9093 | |
---|
9094 | |
---|
9095 | |
---|
9096 | |
---|
9097 | |
---|
9098 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9099 | |
---|
9100 | |
---|
9101 | |
---|
9102 | |
---|
9103 | |
---|
9104 | |
---|
9105 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_pt"></a><b>overshoot_limit_pt</b></p> |
---|
9106 | |
---|
9107 | |
---|
9108 | |
---|
9109 | |
---|
9110 | |
---|
9111 | |
---|
9112 | |
---|
9113 | </td> |
---|
9114 | |
---|
9115 | |
---|
9116 | |
---|
9117 | |
---|
9118 | |
---|
9119 | |
---|
9120 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
9121 | |
---|
9122 | |
---|
9123 | |
---|
9124 | |
---|
9125 | |
---|
9126 | |
---|
9127 | |
---|
9128 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
9129 | |
---|
9130 | |
---|
9131 | |
---|
9132 | |
---|
9133 | |
---|
9134 | |
---|
9135 | |
---|
9136 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9137 | |
---|
9138 | |
---|
9139 | |
---|
9140 | |
---|
9141 | |
---|
9142 | |
---|
9143 | <p>Allowed limit |
---|
9144 | for the overshooting of potential temperature in |
---|
9145 | case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on (in K). </p> |
---|
9146 | |
---|
9147 | |
---|
9148 | |
---|
9149 | |
---|
9150 | |
---|
9151 | |
---|
9152 | |
---|
9153 | |
---|
9154 | |
---|
9155 | |
---|
9156 | |
---|
9157 | |
---|
9158 | |
---|
9159 | <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>. |
---|
9160 | </p> |
---|
9161 | |
---|
9162 | |
---|
9163 | |
---|
9164 | |
---|
9165 | |
---|
9166 | |
---|
9167 | |
---|
9168 | |
---|
9169 | |
---|
9170 | |
---|
9171 | |
---|
9172 | |
---|
9173 | |
---|
9174 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_pt</b>.</p> |
---|
9175 | |
---|
9176 | |
---|
9177 | |
---|
9178 | |
---|
9179 | |
---|
9180 | |
---|
9181 | |
---|
9182 | </td> |
---|
9183 | |
---|
9184 | |
---|
9185 | |
---|
9186 | |
---|
9187 | |
---|
9188 | |
---|
9189 | </tr> |
---|
9190 | |
---|
9191 | |
---|
9192 | |
---|
9193 | |
---|
9194 | |
---|
9195 | |
---|
9196 | <tr> |
---|
9197 | |
---|
9198 | |
---|
9199 | |
---|
9200 | |
---|
9201 | |
---|
9202 | |
---|
9203 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9204 | |
---|
9205 | |
---|
9206 | |
---|
9207 | |
---|
9208 | |
---|
9209 | |
---|
9210 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_u"></a><b>overshoot_limit_u</b></p> |
---|
9211 | |
---|
9212 | |
---|
9213 | |
---|
9214 | |
---|
9215 | |
---|
9216 | |
---|
9217 | |
---|
9218 | </td> |
---|
9219 | |
---|
9220 | |
---|
9221 | |
---|
9222 | |
---|
9223 | |
---|
9224 | |
---|
9225 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
9226 | |
---|
9227 | |
---|
9228 | |
---|
9229 | |
---|
9230 | |
---|
9231 | |
---|
9232 | |
---|
9233 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
9234 | |
---|
9235 | |
---|
9236 | |
---|
9237 | |
---|
9238 | |
---|
9239 | |
---|
9240 | |
---|
9241 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Allowed limit for the |
---|
9242 | overshooting of |
---|
9243 | the u-component of velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is |
---|
9244 | switched on (in m/s). |
---|
9245 | |
---|
9246 | |
---|
9247 | |
---|
9248 | |
---|
9249 | |
---|
9250 | |
---|
9251 | <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>. |
---|
9252 | </p> |
---|
9253 | |
---|
9254 | |
---|
9255 | |
---|
9256 | |
---|
9257 | |
---|
9258 | |
---|
9259 | |
---|
9260 | |
---|
9261 | |
---|
9262 | |
---|
9263 | |
---|
9264 | |
---|
9265 | |
---|
9266 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_u</b>.</p> |
---|
9267 | |
---|
9268 | |
---|
9269 | |
---|
9270 | |
---|
9271 | |
---|
9272 | |
---|
9273 | |
---|
9274 | </td> |
---|
9275 | |
---|
9276 | |
---|
9277 | |
---|
9278 | |
---|
9279 | |
---|
9280 | |
---|
9281 | </tr> |
---|
9282 | |
---|
9283 | |
---|
9284 | |
---|
9285 | |
---|
9286 | |
---|
9287 | |
---|
9288 | <tr> |
---|
9289 | |
---|
9290 | |
---|
9291 | |
---|
9292 | |
---|
9293 | |
---|
9294 | |
---|
9295 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9296 | |
---|
9297 | |
---|
9298 | |
---|
9299 | |
---|
9300 | |
---|
9301 | |
---|
9302 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_v"></a><b>overshoot_limit_v</b></p> |
---|
9303 | |
---|
9304 | |
---|
9305 | |
---|
9306 | |
---|
9307 | |
---|
9308 | |
---|
9309 | |
---|
9310 | </td> |
---|
9311 | |
---|
9312 | |
---|
9313 | |
---|
9314 | |
---|
9315 | |
---|
9316 | |
---|
9317 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
9318 | |
---|
9319 | |
---|
9320 | |
---|
9321 | |
---|
9322 | |
---|
9323 | |
---|
9324 | |
---|
9325 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
9326 | |
---|
9327 | |
---|
9328 | |
---|
9329 | |
---|
9330 | |
---|
9331 | |
---|
9332 | |
---|
9333 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9334 | |
---|
9335 | |
---|
9336 | |
---|
9337 | |
---|
9338 | |
---|
9339 | |
---|
9340 | <p>Allowed limit |
---|
9341 | for the overshooting of the v-component of |
---|
9342 | velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on |
---|
9343 | (in m/s). </p> |
---|
9344 | |
---|
9345 | |
---|
9346 | |
---|
9347 | |
---|
9348 | |
---|
9349 | |
---|
9350 | |
---|
9351 | |
---|
9352 | |
---|
9353 | |
---|
9354 | |
---|
9355 | |
---|
9356 | |
---|
9357 | <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>. |
---|
9358 | </p> |
---|
9359 | |
---|
9360 | |
---|
9361 | |
---|
9362 | |
---|
9363 | |
---|
9364 | |
---|
9365 | |
---|
9366 | |
---|
9367 | |
---|
9368 | |
---|
9369 | |
---|
9370 | |
---|
9371 | |
---|
9372 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_v</b>.</p> |
---|
9373 | |
---|
9374 | |
---|
9375 | |
---|
9376 | |
---|
9377 | |
---|
9378 | |
---|
9379 | |
---|
9380 | </td> |
---|
9381 | |
---|
9382 | |
---|
9383 | |
---|
9384 | |
---|
9385 | |
---|
9386 | |
---|
9387 | </tr> |
---|
9388 | |
---|
9389 | |
---|
9390 | |
---|
9391 | |
---|
9392 | |
---|
9393 | |
---|
9394 | <tr> |
---|
9395 | |
---|
9396 | |
---|
9397 | |
---|
9398 | |
---|
9399 | |
---|
9400 | |
---|
9401 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9402 | |
---|
9403 | |
---|
9404 | |
---|
9405 | |
---|
9406 | |
---|
9407 | |
---|
9408 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_w"></a><b>overshoot_limit_w</b></p> |
---|
9409 | |
---|
9410 | |
---|
9411 | |
---|
9412 | |
---|
9413 | |
---|
9414 | |
---|
9415 | |
---|
9416 | </td> |
---|
9417 | |
---|
9418 | |
---|
9419 | |
---|
9420 | |
---|
9421 | |
---|
9422 | |
---|
9423 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
9424 | |
---|
9425 | |
---|
9426 | |
---|
9427 | |
---|
9428 | |
---|
9429 | |
---|
9430 | |
---|
9431 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
9432 | |
---|
9433 | |
---|
9434 | |
---|
9435 | |
---|
9436 | |
---|
9437 | |
---|
9438 | |
---|
9439 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9440 | |
---|
9441 | |
---|
9442 | |
---|
9443 | |
---|
9444 | |
---|
9445 | |
---|
9446 | <p>Allowed limit |
---|
9447 | for the overshooting of the w-component of |
---|
9448 | velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on |
---|
9449 | (in m/s). </p> |
---|
9450 | |
---|
9451 | |
---|
9452 | |
---|
9453 | |
---|
9454 | |
---|
9455 | |
---|
9456 | |
---|
9457 | |
---|
9458 | |
---|
9459 | |
---|
9460 | |
---|
9461 | |
---|
9462 | |
---|
9463 | <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>. |
---|
9464 | </p> |
---|
9465 | |
---|
9466 | |
---|
9467 | |
---|
9468 | |
---|
9469 | |
---|
9470 | |
---|
9471 | |
---|
9472 | |
---|
9473 | |
---|
9474 | |
---|
9475 | |
---|
9476 | |
---|
9477 | |
---|
9478 | <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>overshoot_limit_w</b>.</p> |
---|
9479 | |
---|
9480 | |
---|
9481 | |
---|
9482 | |
---|
9483 | |
---|
9484 | |
---|
9485 | |
---|
9486 | </td> |
---|
9487 | |
---|
9488 | |
---|
9489 | |
---|
9490 | |
---|
9491 | |
---|
9492 | |
---|
9493 | </tr> |
---|
9494 | |
---|
9495 | |
---|
9496 | |
---|
9497 | |
---|
9498 | |
---|
9499 | |
---|
9500 | <tr> |
---|
9501 | |
---|
9502 | |
---|
9503 | |
---|
9504 | |
---|
9505 | |
---|
9506 | |
---|
9507 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9508 | |
---|
9509 | |
---|
9510 | |
---|
9511 | |
---|
9512 | |
---|
9513 | |
---|
9514 | <p><a name="passive_scalar"></a><b>passive_scalar</b></p> |
---|
9515 | |
---|
9516 | |
---|
9517 | |
---|
9518 | |
---|
9519 | |
---|
9520 | |
---|
9521 | |
---|
9522 | </td> |
---|
9523 | |
---|
9524 | |
---|
9525 | |
---|
9526 | |
---|
9527 | |
---|
9528 | |
---|
9529 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
9530 | |
---|
9531 | |
---|
9532 | |
---|
9533 | |
---|
9534 | |
---|
9535 | |
---|
9536 | |
---|
9537 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
---|
9538 | |
---|
9539 | |
---|
9540 | |
---|
9541 | |
---|
9542 | |
---|
9543 | |
---|
9544 | |
---|
9545 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9546 | |
---|
9547 | |
---|
9548 | |
---|
9549 | |
---|
9550 | |
---|
9551 | |
---|
9552 | <p>Parameter to |
---|
9553 | switch on the prognostic equation for a passive |
---|
9554 | scalar. <br> |
---|
9555 | |
---|
9556 | |
---|
9557 | |
---|
9558 | |
---|
9559 | |
---|
9560 | |
---|
9561 | </p> |
---|
9562 | |
---|
9563 | |
---|
9564 | |
---|
9565 | |
---|
9566 | |
---|
9567 | |
---|
9568 | |
---|
9569 | |
---|
9570 | |
---|
9571 | |
---|
9572 | |
---|
9573 | |
---|
9574 | |
---|
9575 | <p>The initial vertical profile |
---|
9576 | of s can be set via parameters <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>, |
---|
9577 | <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
9578 | and <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
---|
9579 | Boundary conditions can be set via <a href="#s_surface_initial_change">s_surface_initial_change</a> |
---|
9580 | and <a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>. |
---|
9581 | </p> |
---|
9582 | |
---|
9583 | |
---|
9584 | |
---|
9585 | |
---|
9586 | |
---|
9587 | |
---|
9588 | |
---|
9589 | |
---|
9590 | |
---|
9591 | |
---|
9592 | |
---|
9593 | |
---|
9594 | |
---|
9595 | <p><b>Note:</b> <br> |
---|
9596 | |
---|
9597 | |
---|
9598 | |
---|
9599 | |
---|
9600 | |
---|
9601 | |
---|
9602 | |
---|
9603 | With <span style="font-weight: bold;">passive_scalar</span> |
---|
9604 | switched |
---|
9605 | on, the simultaneous use of humidity (see <a href="#humidity">humidity</a>) |
---|
9606 | is impossible.</p> |
---|
9607 | |
---|
9608 | |
---|
9609 | |
---|
9610 | |
---|
9611 | |
---|
9612 | |
---|
9613 | </td> |
---|
9614 | |
---|
9615 | |
---|
9616 | |
---|
9617 | |
---|
9618 | |
---|
9619 | |
---|
9620 | </tr> |
---|
9621 | |
---|
9622 | |
---|
9623 | |
---|
9624 | |
---|
9625 | |
---|
9626 | |
---|
9627 | <tr> |
---|
9628 | |
---|
9629 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="pch_index"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">pch_index</span></td> |
---|
9630 | |
---|
9631 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
9632 | |
---|
9633 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0</span></td> |
---|
9634 | |
---|
9635 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Grid point index (scalar) of the upper boundary of the plant canopy layer.<br> |
---|
9636 | |
---|
9637 | <br> |
---|
9638 | |
---|
9639 | Above <span style="font-weight: bold;">pch_index</span> the arrays of leaf area density and drag_coeffient are automatically set to zero in case of <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> = .T.. Up to <span style="font-weight: bold;">pch_index</span> a leaf area density profile can be prescribed by using the parameters <a href="#lad_surface">lad_surface</a>, <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a> and <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a>.</td> |
---|
9640 | |
---|
9641 | </tr> |
---|
9642 | |
---|
9643 | <tr> |
---|
9644 | |
---|
9645 | |
---|
9646 | |
---|
9647 | |
---|
9648 | |
---|
9649 | |
---|
9650 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9651 | |
---|
9652 | |
---|
9653 | |
---|
9654 | |
---|
9655 | |
---|
9656 | |
---|
9657 | <p><a name="phi"></a><b>phi</b></p> |
---|
9658 | |
---|
9659 | |
---|
9660 | |
---|
9661 | |
---|
9662 | |
---|
9663 | |
---|
9664 | |
---|
9665 | </td> |
---|
9666 | |
---|
9667 | |
---|
9668 | |
---|
9669 | |
---|
9670 | |
---|
9671 | |
---|
9672 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
9673 | |
---|
9674 | |
---|
9675 | |
---|
9676 | |
---|
9677 | |
---|
9678 | |
---|
9679 | |
---|
9680 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>55.0</i></td> |
---|
9681 | |
---|
9682 | |
---|
9683 | |
---|
9684 | |
---|
9685 | |
---|
9686 | |
---|
9687 | |
---|
9688 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9689 | |
---|
9690 | |
---|
9691 | |
---|
9692 | |
---|
9693 | |
---|
9694 | |
---|
9695 | <p>Geographical |
---|
9696 | latitude (in degrees). </p> |
---|
9697 | |
---|
9698 | |
---|
9699 | |
---|
9700 | |
---|
9701 | |
---|
9702 | |
---|
9703 | |
---|
9704 | |
---|
9705 | |
---|
9706 | |
---|
9707 | |
---|
9708 | |
---|
9709 | |
---|
9710 | <p>The value of |
---|
9711 | this parameter determines the value of the |
---|
9712 | Coriolis parameters f and f*, provided that the angular velocity (see <a href="#omega">omega</a>) |
---|
9713 | is non-zero.</p> |
---|
9714 | |
---|
9715 | |
---|
9716 | |
---|
9717 | |
---|
9718 | |
---|
9719 | |
---|
9720 | </td> |
---|
9721 | |
---|
9722 | |
---|
9723 | |
---|
9724 | |
---|
9725 | |
---|
9726 | |
---|
9727 | </tr> |
---|
9728 | |
---|
9729 | |
---|
9730 | |
---|
9731 | |
---|
9732 | |
---|
9733 | |
---|
9734 | <tr> |
---|
9735 | |
---|
9736 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="plant_canopy"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">plant_canopy</span></td> |
---|
9737 | |
---|
9738 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
9739 | |
---|
9740 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
---|
9741 | |
---|
9742 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Switch for the plant_canopy_model.<br> |
---|
9743 | |
---|
9744 | <br> |
---|
9745 | |
---|
9746 | If <span style="font-weight: bold;">plant_canopy</span> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>, the plant canopy model of Watanabe (2004, BLM 112, 307-341) is used. <br> |
---|
9747 | |
---|
9748 | The |
---|
9749 | impact of a plant canopy on a turbulent flow is considered by an |
---|
9750 | additional drag term in the momentum equations and an additional sink |
---|
9751 | term in the prognostic equation for the subgrid-scale TKE. These |
---|
9752 | additional terms are dependent on the leaf drag coefficient (see <a href="#drag_coefficient">drag_coefficient</a>) and the leaf area density (see <a href="#lad_surface">lad_surface</a>, <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a>, <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a>). <br> |
---|
9753 | |
---|
9754 | By default, a horizontally homogeneous plant canopy is prescribed, if <span style="font-weight: bold;">plant_canopy</span> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>. However, the user can define other types of plant canopies (see <a href="#canopy_mode">canopy_mode</a>).<br> |
---|
9755 | |
---|
9756 | <br> |
---|
9757 | |
---|
9758 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">plant_canopy</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T. </span>is only allowed together with a non-zero <a href="#drag_coefficient">drag_coefficient</a>.</td> |
---|
9759 | |
---|
9760 | </tr> |
---|
9761 | |
---|
9762 | <tr> |
---|
9763 | |
---|
9764 | |
---|
9765 | |
---|
9766 | |
---|
9767 | |
---|
9768 | |
---|
9769 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9770 | |
---|
9771 | |
---|
9772 | |
---|
9773 | |
---|
9774 | |
---|
9775 | |
---|
9776 | <p><a name="prandtl_layer"></a><b>prandtl_layer</b></p> |
---|
9777 | |
---|
9778 | |
---|
9779 | |
---|
9780 | |
---|
9781 | |
---|
9782 | |
---|
9783 | |
---|
9784 | </td> |
---|
9785 | |
---|
9786 | |
---|
9787 | |
---|
9788 | |
---|
9789 | |
---|
9790 | |
---|
9791 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
9792 | |
---|
9793 | |
---|
9794 | |
---|
9795 | |
---|
9796 | |
---|
9797 | |
---|
9798 | |
---|
9799 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i></td> |
---|
9800 | |
---|
9801 | |
---|
9802 | |
---|
9803 | |
---|
9804 | |
---|
9805 | |
---|
9806 | |
---|
9807 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9808 | |
---|
9809 | |
---|
9810 | |
---|
9811 | |
---|
9812 | |
---|
9813 | |
---|
9814 | <p>Parameter to |
---|
9815 | switch on a Prandtl layer. </p> |
---|
9816 | |
---|
9817 | |
---|
9818 | |
---|
9819 | |
---|
9820 | |
---|
9821 | |
---|
9822 | |
---|
9823 | |
---|
9824 | |
---|
9825 | |
---|
9826 | |
---|
9827 | |
---|
9828 | |
---|
9829 | <p>By default, |
---|
9830 | a Prandtl layer is switched on at the bottom |
---|
9831 | boundary between z = 0 and z = 0.5 * <a href="#dz">dz</a> |
---|
9832 | (the first computational grid point above ground for u, v and the |
---|
9833 | scalar quantities). |
---|
9834 | In this case, at the bottom boundary, free-slip conditions for u and v |
---|
9835 | (see <a href="#bc_uv_b">bc_uv_b</a>) |
---|
9836 | are not allowed. Likewise, laminar |
---|
9837 | simulations with constant eddy diffusivities (<a href="#km_constant">km_constant</a>) |
---|
9838 | are forbidden. </p> |
---|
9839 | |
---|
9840 | |
---|
9841 | |
---|
9842 | |
---|
9843 | |
---|
9844 | |
---|
9845 | |
---|
9846 | |
---|
9847 | |
---|
9848 | |
---|
9849 | |
---|
9850 | |
---|
9851 | |
---|
9852 | <p>With Prandtl-layer |
---|
9853 | switched off, the TKE boundary condition <a href="#bc_e_b">bc_e_b</a> |
---|
9854 | = '<i>(u*)**2+neumann'</i> must not be used and is |
---|
9855 | automatically |
---|
9856 | changed to <i>'neumann'</i> if necessary. Also, |
---|
9857 | the pressure |
---|
9858 | boundary condition <a href="#bc_p_b">bc_p_b</a> |
---|
9859 | = <i>'neumann+inhomo'</i> is not allowed. </p> |
---|
9860 | |
---|
9861 | |
---|
9862 | |
---|
9863 | |
---|
9864 | |
---|
9865 | |
---|
9866 | |
---|
9867 | |
---|
9868 | |
---|
9869 | |
---|
9870 | |
---|
9871 | |
---|
9872 | |
---|
9873 | <p>The roughness length is declared via the parameter <a href="#roughness_length">roughness_length</a>.</p> |
---|
9874 | |
---|
9875 | |
---|
9876 | |
---|
9877 | |
---|
9878 | |
---|
9879 | |
---|
9880 | |
---|
9881 | </td> |
---|
9882 | |
---|
9883 | |
---|
9884 | |
---|
9885 | |
---|
9886 | |
---|
9887 | |
---|
9888 | </tr> |
---|
9889 | |
---|
9890 | |
---|
9891 | |
---|
9892 | |
---|
9893 | |
---|
9894 | |
---|
9895 | <tr> |
---|
9896 | |
---|
9897 | |
---|
9898 | |
---|
9899 | |
---|
9900 | |
---|
9901 | |
---|
9902 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9903 | |
---|
9904 | |
---|
9905 | |
---|
9906 | |
---|
9907 | |
---|
9908 | |
---|
9909 | <p><a name="precipitation"></a><b>precipitation</b></p> |
---|
9910 | |
---|
9911 | |
---|
9912 | |
---|
9913 | |
---|
9914 | |
---|
9915 | |
---|
9916 | |
---|
9917 | </td> |
---|
9918 | |
---|
9919 | |
---|
9920 | |
---|
9921 | |
---|
9922 | |
---|
9923 | |
---|
9924 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
9925 | |
---|
9926 | |
---|
9927 | |
---|
9928 | |
---|
9929 | |
---|
9930 | |
---|
9931 | |
---|
9932 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
---|
9933 | |
---|
9934 | |
---|
9935 | |
---|
9936 | |
---|
9937 | |
---|
9938 | |
---|
9939 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9940 | |
---|
9941 | |
---|
9942 | |
---|
9943 | |
---|
9944 | |
---|
9945 | |
---|
9946 | <p>Parameter to switch |
---|
9947 | on the precipitation scheme.<br> |
---|
9948 | |
---|
9949 | |
---|
9950 | |
---|
9951 | |
---|
9952 | |
---|
9953 | |
---|
9954 | </p> |
---|
9955 | |
---|
9956 | |
---|
9957 | |
---|
9958 | |
---|
9959 | |
---|
9960 | |
---|
9961 | |
---|
9962 | |
---|
9963 | |
---|
9964 | |
---|
9965 | |
---|
9966 | |
---|
9967 | |
---|
9968 | <p>For |
---|
9969 | precipitation processes PALM uses a simplified Kessler |
---|
9970 | scheme. This scheme only considers the |
---|
9971 | so-called autoconversion, that means the generation of rain water by |
---|
9972 | coagulation of cloud drops among themselves. Precipitation begins and |
---|
9973 | is immediately removed from the flow as soon as the liquid water |
---|
9974 | content exceeds the critical value of 0.5 g/kg.</p> |
---|
9975 | |
---|
9976 | |
---|
9977 | |
---|
9978 | |
---|
9979 | |
---|
9980 | |
---|
9981 | |
---|
9982 | |
---|
9983 | |
---|
9984 | |
---|
9985 | |
---|
9986 | |
---|
9987 | <p>The precipitation rate and amount can be output by assigning the runtime parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'prr*'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'pra*'</span>, respectively. The time interval on which the precipitation amount is defined can be controlled via runtime parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#precipitation_amount_interval">precipitation_amount_interval</a>.</p> |
---|
9988 | |
---|
9989 | |
---|
9990 | |
---|
9991 | |
---|
9992 | |
---|
9993 | |
---|
9994 | </td> |
---|
9995 | |
---|
9996 | |
---|
9997 | |
---|
9998 | |
---|
9999 | |
---|
10000 | |
---|
10001 | </tr> |
---|
10002 | |
---|
10003 | |
---|
10004 | |
---|
10005 | |
---|
10006 | |
---|
10007 | |
---|
10008 | |
---|
10009 | <tr> |
---|
10010 | |
---|
10011 | |
---|
10012 | |
---|
10013 | |
---|
10014 | |
---|
10015 | |
---|
10016 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="pt_reference"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_reference</span></td> |
---|
10017 | |
---|
10018 | |
---|
10019 | |
---|
10020 | |
---|
10021 | |
---|
10022 | |
---|
10023 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
10024 | |
---|
10025 | |
---|
10026 | |
---|
10027 | |
---|
10028 | |
---|
10029 | |
---|
10030 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">use horizontal average as |
---|
10031 | refrence</span></td> |
---|
10032 | |
---|
10033 | |
---|
10034 | |
---|
10035 | |
---|
10036 | |
---|
10037 | |
---|
10038 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Reference |
---|
10039 | temperature to be used in all buoyancy terms (in K).<br> |
---|
10040 | |
---|
10041 | |
---|
10042 | |
---|
10043 | |
---|
10044 | |
---|
10045 | |
---|
10046 | <br> |
---|
10047 | |
---|
10048 | |
---|
10049 | |
---|
10050 | |
---|
10051 | |
---|
10052 | |
---|
10053 | By |
---|
10054 | default, the instantaneous horizontal average over the total model |
---|
10055 | domain is used.<br> |
---|
10056 | |
---|
10057 | |
---|
10058 | |
---|
10059 | |
---|
10060 | |
---|
10061 | |
---|
10062 | <br> |
---|
10063 | |
---|
10064 | |
---|
10065 | |
---|
10066 | |
---|
10067 | |
---|
10068 | |
---|
10069 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
---|
10070 | |
---|
10071 | |
---|
10072 | |
---|
10073 | |
---|
10074 | |
---|
10075 | |
---|
10076 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), always a reference temperature is used in the buoyancy terms with a default value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_reference</span> = <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>.</td> |
---|
10077 | |
---|
10078 | |
---|
10079 | |
---|
10080 | |
---|
10081 | |
---|
10082 | |
---|
10083 | </tr> |
---|
10084 | |
---|
10085 | |
---|
10086 | |
---|
10087 | |
---|
10088 | |
---|
10089 | |
---|
10090 | <tr> |
---|
10091 | |
---|
10092 | |
---|
10093 | |
---|
10094 | |
---|
10095 | |
---|
10096 | |
---|
10097 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10098 | |
---|
10099 | |
---|
10100 | |
---|
10101 | |
---|
10102 | |
---|
10103 | |
---|
10104 | <p><a name="pt_surface"></a><b>pt_surface</b></p> |
---|
10105 | |
---|
10106 | |
---|
10107 | |
---|
10108 | |
---|
10109 | |
---|
10110 | |
---|
10111 | |
---|
10112 | </td> |
---|
10113 | |
---|
10114 | |
---|
10115 | |
---|
10116 | |
---|
10117 | |
---|
10118 | |
---|
10119 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
10120 | |
---|
10121 | |
---|
10122 | |
---|
10123 | |
---|
10124 | |
---|
10125 | |
---|
10126 | |
---|
10127 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>300.0</i></td> |
---|
10128 | |
---|
10129 | |
---|
10130 | |
---|
10131 | |
---|
10132 | |
---|
10133 | |
---|
10134 | |
---|
10135 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10136 | |
---|
10137 | |
---|
10138 | |
---|
10139 | |
---|
10140 | |
---|
10141 | |
---|
10142 | <p>Surface |
---|
10143 | potential temperature (in K). </p> |
---|
10144 | |
---|
10145 | |
---|
10146 | |
---|
10147 | |
---|
10148 | |
---|
10149 | |
---|
10150 | |
---|
10151 | |
---|
10152 | |
---|
10153 | |
---|
10154 | |
---|
10155 | |
---|
10156 | |
---|
10157 | <p>This |
---|
10158 | parameter assigns the value of the potential temperature |
---|
10159 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt</span> at the surface (k=0)<b>.</b> Starting from this value, |
---|
10160 | the |
---|
10161 | initial vertical temperature profile is constructed with <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
10162 | and <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level |
---|
10163 | </a>. |
---|
10164 | This profile is also used for the 1d-model as a stationary profile.</p> |
---|
10165 | |
---|
10166 | |
---|
10167 | |
---|
10168 | |
---|
10169 | |
---|
10170 | |
---|
10171 | |
---|
10172 | |
---|
10173 | |
---|
10174 | |
---|
10175 | |
---|
10176 | |
---|
10177 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
---|
10178 | |
---|
10179 | |
---|
10180 | |
---|
10181 | |
---|
10182 | |
---|
10183 | |
---|
10184 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="#ocean">ocean</a>), |
---|
10185 | this parameter gives the temperature value at the sea surface, which is |
---|
10186 | at k=nzt. The profile is then constructed from the surface down to the |
---|
10187 | bottom of the model.</p> |
---|
10188 | |
---|
10189 | |
---|
10190 | |
---|
10191 | |
---|
10192 | |
---|
10193 | |
---|
10194 | |
---|
10195 | </td> |
---|
10196 | |
---|
10197 | |
---|
10198 | |
---|
10199 | |
---|
10200 | |
---|
10201 | |
---|
10202 | </tr> |
---|
10203 | |
---|
10204 | |
---|
10205 | |
---|
10206 | |
---|
10207 | |
---|
10208 | |
---|
10209 | <tr> |
---|
10210 | |
---|
10211 | |
---|
10212 | |
---|
10213 | |
---|
10214 | |
---|
10215 | |
---|
10216 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10217 | |
---|
10218 | |
---|
10219 | |
---|
10220 | |
---|
10221 | |
---|
10222 | |
---|
10223 | <p><a name="pt_surface_initial_change"></a><b>pt_surface_initial</b> |
---|
10224 | <br> |
---|
10225 | |
---|
10226 | |
---|
10227 | |
---|
10228 | |
---|
10229 | |
---|
10230 | |
---|
10231 | <b>_change</b></p> |
---|
10232 | |
---|
10233 | |
---|
10234 | |
---|
10235 | |
---|
10236 | |
---|
10237 | |
---|
10238 | </td> |
---|
10239 | |
---|
10240 | |
---|
10241 | |
---|
10242 | |
---|
10243 | |
---|
10244 | |
---|
10245 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
10246 | |
---|
10247 | |
---|
10248 | |
---|
10249 | |
---|
10250 | |
---|
10251 | |
---|
10252 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
---|
10253 | |
---|
10254 | |
---|
10255 | |
---|
10256 | |
---|
10257 | |
---|
10258 | |
---|
10259 | </td> |
---|
10260 | |
---|
10261 | |
---|
10262 | |
---|
10263 | |
---|
10264 | |
---|
10265 | |
---|
10266 | |
---|
10267 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10268 | |
---|
10269 | |
---|
10270 | |
---|
10271 | |
---|
10272 | |
---|
10273 | |
---|
10274 | <p>Change in |
---|
10275 | surface temperature to be made at the beginning of |
---|
10276 | the 3d run |
---|
10277 | (in K). </p> |
---|
10278 | |
---|
10279 | |
---|
10280 | |
---|
10281 | |
---|
10282 | |
---|
10283 | |
---|
10284 | |
---|
10285 | |
---|
10286 | |
---|
10287 | |
---|
10288 | |
---|
10289 | |
---|
10290 | |
---|
10291 | <p>If <b>pt_surface_initial_change</b> |
---|
10292 | is set to a non-zero |
---|
10293 | value, the near surface sensible heat flux is not allowed to be given |
---|
10294 | simultaneously (see <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>).</p> |
---|
10295 | |
---|
10296 | |
---|
10297 | |
---|
10298 | |
---|
10299 | |
---|
10300 | |
---|
10301 | |
---|
10302 | </td> |
---|
10303 | |
---|
10304 | |
---|
10305 | |
---|
10306 | |
---|
10307 | |
---|
10308 | |
---|
10309 | </tr> |
---|
10310 | |
---|
10311 | |
---|
10312 | |
---|
10313 | |
---|
10314 | |
---|
10315 | |
---|
10316 | <tr> |
---|
10317 | |
---|
10318 | |
---|
10319 | |
---|
10320 | |
---|
10321 | |
---|
10322 | |
---|
10323 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10324 | |
---|
10325 | |
---|
10326 | |
---|
10327 | |
---|
10328 | |
---|
10329 | |
---|
10330 | <p><a name="pt_vertical_gradient"></a><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b></p> |
---|
10331 | |
---|
10332 | |
---|
10333 | |
---|
10334 | |
---|
10335 | |
---|
10336 | |
---|
10337 | |
---|
10338 | </td> |
---|
10339 | |
---|
10340 | |
---|
10341 | |
---|
10342 | |
---|
10343 | |
---|
10344 | |
---|
10345 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
---|
10346 | |
---|
10347 | |
---|
10348 | |
---|
10349 | |
---|
10350 | |
---|
10351 | |
---|
10352 | |
---|
10353 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0.0</i></td> |
---|
10354 | |
---|
10355 | |
---|
10356 | |
---|
10357 | |
---|
10358 | |
---|
10359 | |
---|
10360 | |
---|
10361 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10362 | |
---|
10363 | |
---|
10364 | |
---|
10365 | |
---|
10366 | |
---|
10367 | |
---|
10368 | <p>Temperature |
---|
10369 | gradient(s) of the initial temperature profile (in |
---|
10370 | K |
---|
10371 | / 100 m). </p> |
---|
10372 | |
---|
10373 | |
---|
10374 | |
---|
10375 | |
---|
10376 | |
---|
10377 | |
---|
10378 | |
---|
10379 | |
---|
10380 | |
---|
10381 | |
---|
10382 | |
---|
10383 | |
---|
10384 | |
---|
10385 | <p>This temperature gradient |
---|
10386 | holds starting from the height |
---|
10387 | level defined by <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
---|
10388 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) > |
---|
10389 | pt_vertical_gradient_level, |
---|
10390 | pt_init(k) is set: pt_init(k) = pt_init(k-1) + dzu(k) * <b>pt_vertical_gradient</b>) |
---|
10391 | up to the top boundary or up to the next height level defined |
---|
10392 | by <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
---|
10393 | A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
---|
10394 | if <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
---|
10395 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The surface temperature is |
---|
10396 | assigned via <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>. |
---|
10397 | </p> |
---|
10398 | |
---|
10399 | |
---|
10400 | |
---|
10401 | |
---|
10402 | |
---|
10403 | |
---|
10404 | |
---|
10405 | |
---|
10406 | |
---|
10407 | |
---|
10408 | |
---|
10409 | |
---|
10410 | |
---|
10411 | <p>Example: </p> |
---|
10412 | |
---|
10413 | |
---|
10414 | |
---|
10415 | |
---|
10416 | |
---|
10417 | |
---|
10418 | |
---|
10419 | |
---|
10420 | |
---|
10421 | |
---|
10422 | |
---|
10423 | |
---|
10424 | |
---|
10425 | <ul> |
---|
10426 | |
---|
10427 | |
---|
10428 | |
---|
10429 | |
---|
10430 | |
---|
10431 | |
---|
10432 | |
---|
10433 | |
---|
10434 | |
---|
10435 | |
---|
10436 | |
---|
10437 | |
---|
10438 | |
---|
10439 | <p><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b> |
---|
10440 | = <i>1.0</i>, <i>0.5</i>, <br> |
---|
10441 | |
---|
10442 | |
---|
10443 | |
---|
10444 | |
---|
10445 | |
---|
10446 | |
---|
10447 | |
---|
10448 | <b>pt_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>500.0</i>, |
---|
10449 | <i>1000.0</i>,</p> |
---|
10450 | |
---|
10451 | |
---|
10452 | |
---|
10453 | |
---|
10454 | |
---|
10455 | |
---|
10456 | |
---|
10457 | |
---|
10458 | |
---|
10459 | |
---|
10460 | |
---|
10461 | |
---|
10462 | |
---|
10463 | </ul> |
---|
10464 | |
---|
10465 | |
---|
10466 | |
---|
10467 | |
---|
10468 | |
---|
10469 | |
---|
10470 | |
---|
10471 | |
---|
10472 | |
---|
10473 | |
---|
10474 | |
---|
10475 | |
---|
10476 | |
---|
10477 | <p>That |
---|
10478 | defines the temperature profile to be neutrally |
---|
10479 | stratified |
---|
10480 | up to z = 500.0 m with a temperature given by <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>. |
---|
10481 | For 500.0 m < z <= 1000.0 m the temperature gradient is |
---|
10482 | 1.0 K / |
---|
10483 | 100 m and for z > 1000.0 m up to the top boundary it is |
---|
10484 | 0.5 K / 100 m (it is assumed that the assigned height levels correspond |
---|
10485 | with uv levels).</p> |
---|
10486 | |
---|
10487 | |
---|
10488 | |
---|
10489 | |
---|
10490 | |
---|
10491 | |
---|
10492 | |
---|
10493 | |
---|
10494 | |
---|
10495 | |
---|
10496 | |
---|
10497 | |
---|
10498 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
---|
10499 | |
---|
10500 | |
---|
10501 | |
---|
10502 | |
---|
10503 | |
---|
10504 | |
---|
10505 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), |
---|
10506 | the profile is constructed like described above, but starting from the |
---|
10507 | sea surface (k=nzt) down to the bottom boundary of the model. Height |
---|
10508 | levels have then to be given as negative values, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_vertical_gradient_level</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-500.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">-1000.0</span>.</p> |
---|
10509 | |
---|
10510 | |
---|
10511 | |
---|
10512 | |
---|
10513 | |
---|
10514 | |
---|
10515 | </td> |
---|
10516 | |
---|
10517 | |
---|
10518 | |
---|
10519 | |
---|
10520 | |
---|
10521 | |
---|
10522 | </tr> |
---|
10523 | |
---|
10524 | |
---|
10525 | |
---|
10526 | |
---|
10527 | |
---|
10528 | |
---|
10529 | <tr> |
---|
10530 | |
---|
10531 | |
---|
10532 | |
---|
10533 | |
---|
10534 | |
---|
10535 | |
---|
10536 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10537 | |
---|
10538 | |
---|
10539 | |
---|
10540 | |
---|
10541 | |
---|
10542 | |
---|
10543 | <p><a name="pt_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b> |
---|
10544 | <br> |
---|
10545 | |
---|
10546 | |
---|
10547 | |
---|
10548 | |
---|
10549 | |
---|
10550 | |
---|
10551 | <b>_level</b></p> |
---|
10552 | |
---|
10553 | |
---|
10554 | |
---|
10555 | |
---|
10556 | |
---|
10557 | |
---|
10558 | </td> |
---|
10559 | |
---|
10560 | |
---|
10561 | |
---|
10562 | |
---|
10563 | |
---|
10564 | |
---|
10565 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
---|
10566 | |
---|
10567 | |
---|
10568 | |
---|
10569 | |
---|
10570 | |
---|
10571 | |
---|
10572 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10573 | |
---|
10574 | |
---|
10575 | |
---|
10576 | |
---|
10577 | |
---|
10578 | |
---|
10579 | <p><i>10 *</i> |
---|
10580 | <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
---|
10581 | |
---|
10582 | |
---|
10583 | |
---|
10584 | |
---|
10585 | |
---|
10586 | |
---|
10587 | |
---|
10588 | </p> |
---|
10589 | |
---|
10590 | |
---|
10591 | |
---|
10592 | |
---|
10593 | |
---|
10594 | |
---|
10595 | </td> |
---|
10596 | |
---|
10597 | |
---|
10598 | |
---|
10599 | |
---|
10600 | |
---|
10601 | |
---|
10602 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10603 | |
---|
10604 | |
---|
10605 | |
---|
10606 | |
---|
10607 | |
---|
10608 | |
---|
10609 | <p>Height level from which on the temperature gradient defined by |
---|
10610 | <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
10611 | is effective (in m). </p> |
---|
10612 | |
---|
10613 | |
---|
10614 | |
---|
10615 | |
---|
10616 | |
---|
10617 | |
---|
10618 | |
---|
10619 | |
---|
10620 | |
---|
10621 | |
---|
10622 | |
---|
10623 | |
---|
10624 | |
---|
10625 | <p>The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. The |
---|
10626 | default values result in a neutral stratification regardless of the |
---|
10627 | values of <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
10628 | (unless the top boundary of the model is higher than 100000.0 m). |
---|
10629 | For the piecewise construction of temperature profiles see <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>.</p> |
---|
10630 | |
---|
10631 | |
---|
10632 | |
---|
10633 | |
---|
10634 | |
---|
10635 | |
---|
10636 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
---|
10637 | |
---|
10638 | |
---|
10639 | |
---|
10640 | |
---|
10641 | |
---|
10642 | |
---|
10643 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), the (negative) height levels have to be assigned in descending order. |
---|
10644 | </td> |
---|
10645 | |
---|
10646 | |
---|
10647 | |
---|
10648 | |
---|
10649 | |
---|
10650 | |
---|
10651 | </tr> |
---|
10652 | |
---|
10653 | |
---|
10654 | |
---|
10655 | |
---|
10656 | |
---|
10657 | |
---|
10658 | <tr> |
---|
10659 | |
---|
10660 | |
---|
10661 | |
---|
10662 | |
---|
10663 | |
---|
10664 | |
---|
10665 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10666 | |
---|
10667 | |
---|
10668 | |
---|
10669 | |
---|
10670 | |
---|
10671 | |
---|
10672 | <p><a name="q_surface"></a><b>q_surface</b></p> |
---|
10673 | |
---|
10674 | |
---|
10675 | |
---|
10676 | |
---|
10677 | |
---|
10678 | |
---|
10679 | |
---|
10680 | </td> |
---|
10681 | |
---|
10682 | |
---|
10683 | |
---|
10684 | |
---|
10685 | |
---|
10686 | |
---|
10687 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
10688 | |
---|
10689 | |
---|
10690 | |
---|
10691 | |
---|
10692 | |
---|
10693 | |
---|
10694 | |
---|
10695 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
10696 | |
---|
10697 | |
---|
10698 | |
---|
10699 | |
---|
10700 | |
---|
10701 | |
---|
10702 | |
---|
10703 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10704 | |
---|
10705 | |
---|
10706 | |
---|
10707 | |
---|
10708 | |
---|
10709 | |
---|
10710 | <p>Surface |
---|
10711 | specific humidity / total water content (kg/kg). </p> |
---|
10712 | |
---|
10713 | |
---|
10714 | |
---|
10715 | |
---|
10716 | |
---|
10717 | |
---|
10718 | |
---|
10719 | |
---|
10720 | |
---|
10721 | |
---|
10722 | |
---|
10723 | |
---|
10724 | |
---|
10725 | <p>This |
---|
10726 | parameter assigns the value of the specific humidity q at |
---|
10727 | the surface (k=0). Starting from this value, the initial |
---|
10728 | humidity |
---|
10729 | profile is constructed with <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
10730 | and <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
---|
10731 | This profile is also used for the 1d-model as a stationary profile.</p> |
---|
10732 | |
---|
10733 | |
---|
10734 | |
---|
10735 | |
---|
10736 | |
---|
10737 | |
---|
10738 | |
---|
10739 | </td> |
---|
10740 | |
---|
10741 | |
---|
10742 | |
---|
10743 | |
---|
10744 | |
---|
10745 | |
---|
10746 | </tr> |
---|
10747 | |
---|
10748 | |
---|
10749 | |
---|
10750 | |
---|
10751 | |
---|
10752 | |
---|
10753 | <tr> |
---|
10754 | |
---|
10755 | |
---|
10756 | |
---|
10757 | |
---|
10758 | |
---|
10759 | |
---|
10760 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10761 | |
---|
10762 | |
---|
10763 | |
---|
10764 | |
---|
10765 | |
---|
10766 | |
---|
10767 | <p><a name="q_surface_initial_change"></a><b>q_surface_initial</b> |
---|
10768 | <br> |
---|
10769 | |
---|
10770 | |
---|
10771 | |
---|
10772 | |
---|
10773 | |
---|
10774 | |
---|
10775 | <b>_change</b></p> |
---|
10776 | |
---|
10777 | |
---|
10778 | |
---|
10779 | |
---|
10780 | |
---|
10781 | |
---|
10782 | </td> |
---|
10783 | |
---|
10784 | |
---|
10785 | |
---|
10786 | |
---|
10787 | |
---|
10788 | |
---|
10789 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> |
---|
10790 | |
---|
10791 | |
---|
10792 | |
---|
10793 | |
---|
10794 | |
---|
10795 | |
---|
10796 | </td> |
---|
10797 | |
---|
10798 | |
---|
10799 | |
---|
10800 | |
---|
10801 | |
---|
10802 | |
---|
10803 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
10804 | |
---|
10805 | |
---|
10806 | |
---|
10807 | |
---|
10808 | |
---|
10809 | |
---|
10810 | |
---|
10811 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10812 | |
---|
10813 | |
---|
10814 | |
---|
10815 | |
---|
10816 | |
---|
10817 | |
---|
10818 | <p>Change in |
---|
10819 | surface specific humidity / total water content to |
---|
10820 | be made at the beginning |
---|
10821 | of the 3d run (kg/kg). </p> |
---|
10822 | |
---|
10823 | |
---|
10824 | |
---|
10825 | |
---|
10826 | |
---|
10827 | |
---|
10828 | |
---|
10829 | |
---|
10830 | |
---|
10831 | |
---|
10832 | |
---|
10833 | |
---|
10834 | |
---|
10835 | <p>If <b>q_surface_initial_change</b><i> |
---|
10836 | </i>is set to a |
---|
10837 | non-zero value the |
---|
10838 | near surface latent heat flux (water flux) is not allowed to be given |
---|
10839 | simultaneously (see <a href="#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>).</p> |
---|
10840 | |
---|
10841 | |
---|
10842 | |
---|
10843 | |
---|
10844 | |
---|
10845 | |
---|
10846 | |
---|
10847 | </td> |
---|
10848 | |
---|
10849 | |
---|
10850 | |
---|
10851 | |
---|
10852 | |
---|
10853 | |
---|
10854 | </tr> |
---|
10855 | |
---|
10856 | |
---|
10857 | |
---|
10858 | |
---|
10859 | |
---|
10860 | |
---|
10861 | <tr> |
---|
10862 | |
---|
10863 | |
---|
10864 | |
---|
10865 | |
---|
10866 | |
---|
10867 | |
---|
10868 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10869 | |
---|
10870 | |
---|
10871 | |
---|
10872 | |
---|
10873 | |
---|
10874 | |
---|
10875 | <p><a name="q_vertical_gradient"></a><b>q_vertical_gradient</b></p> |
---|
10876 | |
---|
10877 | |
---|
10878 | |
---|
10879 | |
---|
10880 | |
---|
10881 | |
---|
10882 | |
---|
10883 | </td> |
---|
10884 | |
---|
10885 | |
---|
10886 | |
---|
10887 | |
---|
10888 | |
---|
10889 | |
---|
10890 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
---|
10891 | |
---|
10892 | |
---|
10893 | |
---|
10894 | |
---|
10895 | |
---|
10896 | |
---|
10897 | |
---|
10898 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0.0</i></td> |
---|
10899 | |
---|
10900 | |
---|
10901 | |
---|
10902 | |
---|
10903 | |
---|
10904 | |
---|
10905 | |
---|
10906 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10907 | |
---|
10908 | |
---|
10909 | |
---|
10910 | |
---|
10911 | |
---|
10912 | |
---|
10913 | <p>Humidity |
---|
10914 | gradient(s) of the initial humidity profile |
---|
10915 | (in 1/100 m). </p> |
---|
10916 | |
---|
10917 | |
---|
10918 | |
---|
10919 | |
---|
10920 | |
---|
10921 | |
---|
10922 | |
---|
10923 | |
---|
10924 | |
---|
10925 | |
---|
10926 | |
---|
10927 | |
---|
10928 | |
---|
10929 | <p>This humidity gradient |
---|
10930 | holds starting from the height |
---|
10931 | level defined by <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
---|
10932 | (precisely: for all uv levels k, where zu(k) > |
---|
10933 | q_vertical_gradient_level, |
---|
10934 | q_init(k) is set: q_init(k) = q_init(k-1) + dzu(k) * <b>q_vertical_gradient</b>) |
---|
10935 | up to the top boundary or up to the next height level defined |
---|
10936 | by <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
---|
10937 | A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
---|
10938 | if <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
---|
10939 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be asigned. The surface humidity is |
---|
10940 | assigned |
---|
10941 | via <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>. </p> |
---|
10942 | |
---|
10943 | |
---|
10944 | |
---|
10945 | |
---|
10946 | |
---|
10947 | |
---|
10948 | |
---|
10949 | |
---|
10950 | |
---|
10951 | |
---|
10952 | |
---|
10953 | |
---|
10954 | |
---|
10955 | <p>Example: </p> |
---|
10956 | |
---|
10957 | |
---|
10958 | |
---|
10959 | |
---|
10960 | |
---|
10961 | |
---|
10962 | |
---|
10963 | |
---|
10964 | |
---|
10965 | |
---|
10966 | |
---|
10967 | |
---|
10968 | |
---|
10969 | <ul> |
---|
10970 | |
---|
10971 | |
---|
10972 | |
---|
10973 | |
---|
10974 | |
---|
10975 | |
---|
10976 | |
---|
10977 | |
---|
10978 | |
---|
10979 | |
---|
10980 | |
---|
10981 | |
---|
10982 | |
---|
10983 | <p><b>q_vertical_gradient</b> |
---|
10984 | = <i>0.001</i>, <i>0.0005</i>, <br> |
---|
10985 | |
---|
10986 | |
---|
10987 | |
---|
10988 | |
---|
10989 | |
---|
10990 | |
---|
10991 | |
---|
10992 | <b>q_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>500.0</i>, |
---|
10993 | <i>1000.0</i>,</p> |
---|
10994 | |
---|
10995 | |
---|
10996 | |
---|
10997 | |
---|
10998 | |
---|
10999 | |
---|
11000 | |
---|
11001 | |
---|
11002 | |
---|
11003 | |
---|
11004 | |
---|
11005 | |
---|
11006 | |
---|
11007 | </ul> |
---|
11008 | |
---|
11009 | |
---|
11010 | |
---|
11011 | |
---|
11012 | |
---|
11013 | |
---|
11014 | |
---|
11015 | That defines the humidity to be constant with height up to z = |
---|
11016 | 500.0 |
---|
11017 | m with a |
---|
11018 | value given by <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>. |
---|
11019 | For 500.0 m < z <= 1000.0 m the humidity gradient is |
---|
11020 | 0.001 / 100 |
---|
11021 | m and for z > 1000.0 m up to the top boundary it is |
---|
11022 | 0.0005 / 100 m (it is assumed that the assigned height levels |
---|
11023 | correspond with uv |
---|
11024 | levels). </td> |
---|
11025 | |
---|
11026 | |
---|
11027 | |
---|
11028 | |
---|
11029 | |
---|
11030 | |
---|
11031 | </tr> |
---|
11032 | |
---|
11033 | |
---|
11034 | |
---|
11035 | |
---|
11036 | |
---|
11037 | |
---|
11038 | <tr> |
---|
11039 | |
---|
11040 | |
---|
11041 | |
---|
11042 | |
---|
11043 | |
---|
11044 | |
---|
11045 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11046 | |
---|
11047 | |
---|
11048 | |
---|
11049 | |
---|
11050 | |
---|
11051 | |
---|
11052 | <p><a name="q_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>q_vertical_gradient</b> |
---|
11053 | <br> |
---|
11054 | |
---|
11055 | |
---|
11056 | |
---|
11057 | |
---|
11058 | |
---|
11059 | |
---|
11060 | <b>_level</b></p> |
---|
11061 | |
---|
11062 | |
---|
11063 | |
---|
11064 | |
---|
11065 | |
---|
11066 | |
---|
11067 | </td> |
---|
11068 | |
---|
11069 | |
---|
11070 | |
---|
11071 | |
---|
11072 | |
---|
11073 | |
---|
11074 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
---|
11075 | |
---|
11076 | |
---|
11077 | |
---|
11078 | |
---|
11079 | |
---|
11080 | |
---|
11081 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11082 | |
---|
11083 | |
---|
11084 | |
---|
11085 | |
---|
11086 | |
---|
11087 | |
---|
11088 | <p><i>10 *</i> |
---|
11089 | <i>0.0</i></p> |
---|
11090 | |
---|
11091 | |
---|
11092 | |
---|
11093 | |
---|
11094 | |
---|
11095 | |
---|
11096 | </td> |
---|
11097 | |
---|
11098 | |
---|
11099 | |
---|
11100 | |
---|
11101 | |
---|
11102 | |
---|
11103 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11104 | |
---|
11105 | |
---|
11106 | |
---|
11107 | |
---|
11108 | |
---|
11109 | |
---|
11110 | <p>Height level from |
---|
11111 | which on the humidity gradient defined by <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
11112 | is effective (in m). </p> |
---|
11113 | |
---|
11114 | |
---|
11115 | |
---|
11116 | |
---|
11117 | |
---|
11118 | |
---|
11119 | |
---|
11120 | |
---|
11121 | |
---|
11122 | |
---|
11123 | |
---|
11124 | |
---|
11125 | |
---|
11126 | <p>The height levels |
---|
11127 | are to be assigned in ascending order. The |
---|
11128 | default values result in a humidity constant with height regardless of |
---|
11129 | the values of <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
11130 | (unless the top boundary of the model is higher than 100000.0 m). For |
---|
11131 | the piecewise construction of humidity profiles see <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>.</p> |
---|
11132 | |
---|
11133 | |
---|
11134 | |
---|
11135 | |
---|
11136 | |
---|
11137 | |
---|
11138 | |
---|
11139 | </td> |
---|
11140 | |
---|
11141 | |
---|
11142 | |
---|
11143 | |
---|
11144 | |
---|
11145 | |
---|
11146 | </tr> |
---|
11147 | |
---|
11148 | |
---|
11149 | |
---|
11150 | |
---|
11151 | |
---|
11152 | |
---|
11153 | <tr> |
---|
11154 | |
---|
11155 | |
---|
11156 | |
---|
11157 | |
---|
11158 | |
---|
11159 | |
---|
11160 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11161 | |
---|
11162 | |
---|
11163 | |
---|
11164 | |
---|
11165 | |
---|
11166 | |
---|
11167 | <p><a name="radiation"></a><b>radiation</b></p> |
---|
11168 | |
---|
11169 | |
---|
11170 | |
---|
11171 | |
---|
11172 | |
---|
11173 | |
---|
11174 | |
---|
11175 | </td> |
---|
11176 | |
---|
11177 | |
---|
11178 | |
---|
11179 | |
---|
11180 | |
---|
11181 | |
---|
11182 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
11183 | |
---|
11184 | |
---|
11185 | |
---|
11186 | |
---|
11187 | |
---|
11188 | |
---|
11189 | |
---|
11190 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
---|
11191 | |
---|
11192 | |
---|
11193 | |
---|
11194 | |
---|
11195 | |
---|
11196 | |
---|
11197 | |
---|
11198 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11199 | |
---|
11200 | |
---|
11201 | |
---|
11202 | |
---|
11203 | |
---|
11204 | |
---|
11205 | <p>Parameter to |
---|
11206 | switch on longwave radiation cooling at |
---|
11207 | cloud-tops. </p> |
---|
11208 | |
---|
11209 | |
---|
11210 | |
---|
11211 | |
---|
11212 | |
---|
11213 | |
---|
11214 | |
---|
11215 | |
---|
11216 | |
---|
11217 | |
---|
11218 | |
---|
11219 | |
---|
11220 | |
---|
11221 | <p>Long-wave radiation |
---|
11222 | processes are parameterized by the |
---|
11223 | effective emissivity, which considers only the absorption and |
---|