source: palm/trunk/TUTORIAL/SOURCE/palm_overview.tex @ 1787

Last change on this file since 1787 was 1233, checked in by kanani, 11 years ago

update of tutorial presentation

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1% $Id: palm_overview.tex 1233 2013-09-23 10:20:49Z raasch $
2\input{header_tmp.tex}
3%\input{header_lectures.tex}
4
5\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
6\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
7\usepackage{pgf}
8\usetheme{Dresden}
9\usepackage{subfigure}
10\usepackage{units}
11\usepackage{multimedia}
12\newcommand{\event}[1]{\newcommand{\eventname}{#1}}
13\usepackage{xmpmulti}
14\usepackage{tikz}
15\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows,positioning}
16\def\Tiny{\fontsize{4pt}{4pt}\selectfont}
17
18\institute{Institut fÌr Meteorologie und Klimatologie, Leibniz UniversitÀt Hannover}
19\date{last update: \today}
20\event{PALM Seminar}
21\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
22
23\setbeamertemplate{footline}
24  {%
25    \begin{beamercolorbox}[rightskip=-0.1cm]&
26     {\includegraphics[height=0.65cm]{imuk_logo.pdf}\hfill \includegraphics[height=0.65cm]{luh_logo.pdf}}
27    \end{beamercolorbox}
28    \begin{beamercolorbox}[ht=2.5ex,dp=1.125ex,%
29      leftskip=.3cm,rightskip=0.3cm plus1fil]{title in head/foot}%
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31    \end{beamercolorbox}%
32%    \begin{beamercolorbox}[colsep=1.5pt]{lower separation line foot}%
33%    \end{beamercolorbox}
34  }
35%\logo{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{luhimuk_logo.png}}
36
37\title[PALM Overview]{PALM Overview}
38\author{Siegfried Raasch}
39
40
41% Notes:
42% jede subsection bekommt einen punkt im menu (vertikal ausgerichtet.
43% jeder frame in einer subsection bekommt einen punkt (horizontal ausgerichtet)
44\begin{document}
45
46\begin{frame}
47\titlepage
48\end{frame}
49
50\section{PALM Overview}
51\subsection{PALM Overview}
52
53%Folie 01
54\begin{frame}
55   \begin{center}
56      PALM - Overview
57   \end{center}
58\end{frame}
59
60%Folie 02
61\begin{frame}
62   \frametitle{PALM - Overview}
63   \begin{flushleft}
64      \textbf{PA}rallelized \textbf{L}ES \textbf{M}odel
65   \end{flushleft}
66   \begin{itemize}
67      \item<2->{First version 1997, continously developed since then}
68      \item<3->{Written in FORTRAN 95}
69      \item<4->{Very high performance and scalability on all state-of-the-art parallel architectures}
70      \item<5->{One code for atmosphere and ocean}
71      \item<6->{Code is free to use for scientific applications}
72      \item<7->{Code is under the GNU public license (GPL V3)}
73   \end{itemize}
74\end{frame}
75
76%Folie 03
77\begin{frame}
78   \frametitle{PALM - Overview}
79   \begin{flushleft}
80      \textbf{Software-development in a professional environment}
81   \end{flushleft}
82   \begin{itemize}
83      \item<2->{Detailed online-documentation}
84      \item<3->{Interface for code-extensions by users}
85      \item<4->{Code is managed and distributed via subversion }
86      \begin{itemize}
87         \item<5->{Direct code-access from the internet}
88         \item<6->{Allows collaborative code-development}
89      \end{itemize}
90   \end{itemize}
91\end{frame}
92
93%Folie 04
94\begin{frame}
95   \frametitle{PALM - Features (General Overview)}
96   \framesubtitle{Physics / Numerics        (special characteristics)}
97   \begin{itemize}
98      \item<2->{Cyclic horizontal boundary conditions but also non-cyclic boundary conditions along x or y available}
99      \item<3->{Turbulent inflow is realized for non-cyclic boundary conditions}
100      \item<4->{Topography can be used}
101      \item<5->{A Lagrangian particle model is embedded}
102      \item<6->{Code can be switched to ocean, i.e. salinity equation and equation of state for seawater is included}
103      \item<7->{Coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations are possible}
104      \item<8->{A simple canopy model is included}
105      \item<9->{It allows for very huge applications\\ (currently $4000^{3}$ gridpoints)}
106   \end{itemize}
107\end{frame}
108
109%Folie 05
110\begin{frame}
111   \frametitle{PALM - Features (General Overview)}
112   \begin{flushleft}
113      \textbf{Technical features}
114   \end{flushleft}
115   \begin{itemize}
116      \item<2->{Scripts allow for very comfortable operation of the model}
117      \item<3->{Model can be adapted for any kind of (Unix) system by simply adjusting a configuration file}
118      \item<4->{Batch jobs and job chains (restart mechanism) can be automatically created (requires manual adjustments of scripts)}
119      \item<5->{Runs are controlled by a simple NAMELIST parameter file}
120      \item<6->{ Error messages inform in case of parameter inconsistencies or other problems detected during runtime}
121   \end{itemize}
122\end{frame}
123
124%Folie 06
125\begin{frame}
126   \frametitle{PALM - Features (General Overview)}
127   \begin{flushleft}
128      \textbf{Technical features}
129   \end{flushleft}
130   \begin{itemize}
131      \item<1->{Standard data analysis is done within the simulation itself}
132      \item<2->{All output is in standard netCDF data format}
133      \item<3->{A user-interface allows for easy code extensions by the user}
134      \item<4->{A powerful 3D-visualization software is included in the code (requires additional graphics library, (a streaming server), and a plugin for web-browsers)}
135   \end{itemize}
136\end{frame}
137
138%Folie 07
139\begin{frame}
140   \begin{figure}
141      \href{/home/maronga/dvr/data/rinne_1.html}{\includegraphics<3,5,7,9,11>[height=0.35\textheight]{palm_overview_figures/Fig08_mini_Luepkes.png}}
142      \href{Link 2}{\includegraphics<5,7,9,11>[height=0.35\textheight]{palm_overview_figures/Fig09_mini_Raasch_Franke.png}}
143      \href{Link 3}{\includegraphics<7,9,11>[height=0.35\textheight]{palm_overview_figures/Fig10_mini_gryschka.png}}
144      \href{Link 4}{\includegraphics<9,11>[height=0.35\textheight]{palm_overview_figures/Fig11_mini_steinfeld.png}}
145      \href{Link 5}{\includegraphics<11>[height=0.35\textheight]{palm_overview_figures/Fig07_mini_Letzel.png}}
146   \end{figure}
147   \begin{center}
148      \includegraphics<1>[height=0.82\textheight]{palm_overview_figures/Fig05_land.png}
149      \includegraphics<2>[height=0.82\textheight]{palm_overview_figures/Fig06_ice.png}
150      \includegraphics<4>[height=0.82\textheight]{palm_overview_figures/Fig04_staubteufel.png}
151      \includegraphics<6>[height=0.82\textheight]{palm_overview_figures/Fig03_clouds.png} 
152      \includegraphics<8>[height=0.82\textheight]{palm_overview_figures/Fig02_Mast.png}
153      \includegraphics<10>[height=0.82\textheight]{palm_overview_figures/Fig01_letzel_building.png}
154   \end{center}
155\end{frame}
156
157%Folie 08
158\begin{frame}
159   \frametitle{PALM – External Users / Areas of Application}
160   \begin{itemize}
161      \item<1->{Users / Collaborations}
162      \begin{itemize}
163         \item<2->{\textbf{AWI} Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar Research (Bremerhaven, Germany)}
164         \item<3->{\textbf{ForWind} (University of Oldenburg, Germany)}
165         \item<4->{\textbf{NERSC} Nansen Environmental And Remote Sensing Center (Bergen, Norway)}
166         \item<5->{\textbf{FMI} Finnish Meteorological Institute (Helsinki, Finland)}
167         \item<6->{Department of Atmospheric Sciences, \textbf{Yonsei University} (Seoul, Korea)}
168         \item<7->{\textbf{IGSES} (Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences), \textbf{Kyushu University} (Fukuoka, Japan)}
169         \item<8->{School of Earth and Environmental Science, \textbf{Seoul National University} (Seoul, Korea)}
170         \item<9->{Dept. of Intl. Development Eng., \textbf{Tokyo Institute of Technology} (Tokyo, Japan)}
171      \end{itemize}
172   \end{itemize}
173\end{frame}
174
175%Folie 09
176\begin{frame}
177   \frametitle{PALM – External Users / Areas of Application}
178   \begin{itemize}
179      \item<1->{Areas of Application}
180      \begin{itemize}
181         \item<2->{Interaction of boundary layer turbulence $\leftrightarrow$ wind energy converters}
182         \item<3->{Improvement of turbulence parameterizations}
183         \item<4->{Atmosphere-ocean coupling}
184         \item<5->{Ocean mixed layer}
185         \item<6->{Turbulence in the urban canopy layer}
186      \end{itemize}
187   \end{itemize}
188\end{frame}
189
190\section{Technical Issues}
191\subsection{Technical Issues}
192
193%Folie 10
194\begin{frame}
195   \begin{center}
196      PALM - Overview\\
197      Technical Issues
198   \end{center}
199\end{frame}
200
201%Folie 11
202\begin{frame}
203   \tikzstyle{green} = [rectangle, draw, fill=green!20, text width=0.15\textwidth, font=\scriptsize]
204   \tikzstyle{white} = [rectangle, text width=0.4\textwidth, font=\tiny]
205   \tikzstyle{line} = [draw, -]
206   \tikzstyle{alert} = [rectangle, draw, text width=0.77\textwidth, font=\scriptsize]
207
208   \frametitle{PALM - Components - Overview}
209   The PALM download not only contains the model‘s FORTRAN code but a variety of further components / files.
210   The directory structure is as follows.\\
211   \ \\
212   \begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=0]
213      \node [green] (first) {
214      \textbf{trunk} };
215      \uncover<1->{\node [white, right=1cm of first] (second) {};}
216      \uncover<2->{\node [green, above=2cm of second] (third) {\textbf{EXAMPLES/}};}
217      \uncover<3->{
218      \node [green, below=0.3cm of third] (fourth) {\textbf{INSTALL/}};}
219      \uncover<4->{\node [green, below=0.25cm of fourth] (fifth) {\textbf{SCRIPTS/}};}
220      \uncover<5->{\node [green, below=0.25cm of fifth] (sixth) {\textbf{SOURCE/}};}
221      \uncover<6->{\node [green, below=0.25cm of sixth] (seventh) {\textbf{TUTORIAL/}};}
222      \uncover<7->{\node [green, below=0.25cm of seventh] (eighth) {\textbf{UTIL/}};}
223      \uncover<2->{\node [white, right=0.25cm of third] (ninth) {\textbf{parameter files and run control output for a variety of application examples}};}
224      \uncover<3->{\node [white, right=0.25cm of fourth] (tenth) {\textbf{parameter file and run control output to check and verify the PALM installation}};}
225      \uncover<4->{\node [white, right=0.25cm of fifth] (eleventh) {\textbf{shell scripts and helper programs for running PALM, default configuration files for the shell scripts}};}
226      \uncover<5->{\node [white, right=0.25cm of sixth] (twelfth) {\textbf{PALM source code + Makefile}};}
227      \uncover<6->{\node [white, right=0.25cm of seventh] (thirteen) {\textbf{pdf files of the seminar presentations, also accessible via the PALM trac-server}};}
228      \uncover<7->{\node [white, right=0.25cm of eighth] (fourteen) {\textbf{source code for helper programs}};}
229      \uncover<8->{\node [alert, below=2cm of second] (alert) {\textcolor{red}{Please never modify or delete files in trunk and its subdirectories!}};}
230
231      \path<2-> [line] (first.east) -- (third.west);
232      \path<3-> [line] (first.east) -- (fourth.west);
233      \path<4-> [line] (first.east) -- (fifth.west);
234      \path<5-> [line] (first.east) -- (sixth.west);
235      \path<6-> [line] (first.east) -- (seventh.west);
236      \path<7-> [line] (first.east) -- (eighth.west);
237   \end{tikzpicture}
238\end{frame}
239
240%Folie 12
241\begin{frame}
242   \frametitle{Recommended Directory Structure for the PALM Installation}
243   \tikzstyle{green} = [rectangle, draw, fill=green!20, text width=0.2\textwidth, font=\Tiny]
244   \tikzstyle{yellow1} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!20, text width=0.2\textwidth, font=\Tiny]
245   \tikzstyle{yellow} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!20, text width=0.12\textwidth, font=\Tiny]
246   \tikzstyle{white} = [rectangle, text width=0.12\textwidth, font=\Tiny]
247   \tikzstyle{white1} = [rectangle, text width=0.2\textwidth, font=\Tiny]
248   \tikzstyle{line} = [draw, -]
249
250   \begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=0]
251      \uncover<1->{\node [yellow] (first) {\textbf{\$HOME/} };}
252      \uncover<2->{\node [yellow, right=0.25cm of first] (second) {\textbf{palm/}};}
253      \uncover<3->{\node [yellow, right=0.25cm of second] (third) {\textbf{current\_version/}};}
254      \uncover<4->{\node [green, right=0.75cm of third] (fourth) {\textbf{trunk/}};}
255      \uncover<5->{\node [yellow, above=0.5cm of second] (fifth) {\textbf{job\_queue/}};}
256      \uncover<6->{\node [yellow, below=1cm of third] (sixth) {\textbf{older\_version/}};}
257      \uncover<7->{\node [yellow1, above=1.5cm of fourth] (seventh) {\textbf{JOBS/}};}
258      \uncover<8->{\node [yellow1, above=0.5cm of fourth] (eighth) {\textbf{USER\_CODE/}};}
259      \uncover<9->{\node [green, below=0.5cm of fourth] (ninth) {\textbf{MAKE\_DEPOSITORY\_.../}};}
260      \uncover<10->{\node [green, below=1.5cm of fourth] (tenth) {\textbf{MAKE\_DEPOSITORY\_.../}};}
261      \uncover<11->{\node [green, below=2.75cm of first] (eleventh) {\textbf{/tmp\_user\_catalog/}};}
262      \uncover<12->{\node [yellow1, below=3.5cm of first] (twelfth) {\textbf{/tmp\_data\_catalog/}};}
263      \uncover<3->{\node [white, above=0.05cm of third] (thirteen) {{working directory of PALM user}};}
264      \uncover<5->{\node [white, above=0.05cm of fifth] (fourteen) {{contains job protocol files from batch jobs}};}
265      \uncover<6->{\node [white, below=0.05cm of sixth] (fifteen) {{older PALM version, if needed}};}
266      \uncover<7->{\node [white1, right=0.2cm of seventh] (sixteen) {{parameter files for steering, output data}};}
267      \uncover<8->{\node [white1, right=0.2cm of eighth] (seventeen) {{code extensions from user (user interface)}};}
268      \uncover<4->{\node [white1, right=0.2cm of fourth] (eighteen) {{PALM software (FORTRAN code, scripts, etc.) }};}
269      \uncover<9->{\node [white1, right=0.2cm of ninth] (nineteen) {{precompiled routines, generated by \textbf{mbuild}}};}
270      \uncover<10->{\node [white1, right=0.2cm of tenth] (twenty) {{$\ldots$ compiled with different options (e.g. for debugging)}};}
271      \uncover<11->{\node [white1, right=0.2cm of eleventh] (twentyone) {{contains temporary directory created (by \textbf{mrun}) for each PALM run}};}
272      \uncover<12->{\node [white1, right=0.2cm of twelfth] (twentytwo) {{contains large binary data files created by PALM and needed e.g. for restarts}};}
273      \uncover<5->{\node [white1, below=1cm of tenth] (twentythree) {{}};}
274      \uncover<5->{\node [white, right=1cm of twentythree] (twentyfour) {{optional}};}
275      \uncover<4->{\node [white, above=0.1cm of eighteen] (twentyfifth) {{}};}
276      \uncover<4->{\node [white, below=0.1cm of eighteen] (twentysixth) {{}};}
277      \uncover<7->{\node [white, above=0.1cm of sixteen] (twentyseventh) {{}};}
278      \uncover<7->{\node [white, below=0.1cm of sixteen] (twentyeighth) {{}};}
279
280      \path<2-> [line] (first.east) -- (second.west);
281      \path<3-> [line] (second.east) -- (third.west);
282      \path<4-> [line] (third.east) -- (fourth.west);
283      \path<4-> [line] (fourth.east) -- (twentyfifth.west);
284      \path<4-> [line] (fourth.east) -- (twentysixth.west);
285      \path<4-> [line] (fourth.east) -- (eighteen.west);
286      \path<5-> [line,dashed] (first.east) -- (fifth.west);
287      \path<5-> [line,dashed] (twentythree.east) -- (twentyfour.west);
288      \path<6-> [line,dashed] (second.east) -- (sixth.west);
289      \path<7-> [line] (third.east) -- (seventh.west);
290      \path<7-> [line] (seventh.east) -- (twentyseventh.west);
291      \path<7-> [line] (seventh.east) -- (twentyeighth.west);
292      \path<7-> [line] (seventh.east) -- (sixteen.west);
293      \path<8-> [line] (eighth.east) -- (twentyfifth.west);
294      \path<8-> [line] (eighth.east) -- (twentyeighth.west);
295      \path<8-> [line,dashed] (third.east) -- (eighth.west);
296      \path<8-> [line] (eighth.east) -- (seventeen.west);
297      \path<9-> [line] (third.east) -- (ninth.west);
298      \path<10-> [line,dashed] (third.east) -- (tenth.west);   
299   \end{tikzpicture}
300\end{frame}
301
302%Folie 13
303\begin{frame}
304   \frametitle{PALM - Main Modes of Operation}
305   \begin{itemize}
306      \item<1->{\textbf{Interactive mode}}
307      \begin{itemize}
308         \item<2->{PALM is run in interactive shell (terminal session)}
309         \item<3->{CPU time as well as number of processors for interactive runs is limited on many systems}
310         \item<4->{restart runs (job chain) are not possible}
311         \item<5->{only requires appropriate settings in the configuration file}
312      \end{itemize}
313      \item<6->\textbf{{Batch mode (running batch jobs)}}
314      \begin{itemize}
315         \item<7->{requires a batch queueing system (e.g. NQS, PBS, Loadleveler, etc.) on the computer in use}
316         \item<8->{still may require manual adjustments of PALM scripts (\textbf{mrun, mbuild, subjob})}
317      \end{itemize}
318   \end{itemize}
319\end{frame}
320
321%Folie 14
322\begin{frame}
323   \begin{itemize}     
324      \item<1->{\textbf{Running batch jobs on remote computers}}
325      \begin{itemize}
326         \item<2->{requires a batch queueing system on the remote computer}
327         \item<3->{requires ssh/scp access of the remote computer (in both directions “local $\leftrightarrow$ remote“),
328                   fixed IP-adresses for local and remote computer are required}
329      \end{itemize}
330      \item<4->\textbf{{Running job chains}}
331      \begin{itemize}
332         \item<5->{requires a batch queueing system (+ ssh/scp access)}
333      \end{itemize}
334   \end{itemize}
335\end{frame}
336
337%Folie 15
338\begin{frame}
339   \frametitle{PALM - Scripts for Operating}
340   {\scriptsize PALM is operated by two scripts, named \textbf{mbuild} and \textbf{mrun}. \textbf{mrun} itself calls some helper programs and, if a batch job is to be submitted, the script \textbf{subjob}.}
341   \begin{itemize}
342      \item<2->{\textbf{mrun}}
343      \begin{itemize}
344         \item<3->{{\scriptsize script for running PALM (interactive or batch)}}
345      \end{itemize}
346      \item<4->{\textbf{mbuild}}
347      \begin{itemize}
348         \item<5->{{\scriptsize script for generating a pre-compiled PALM version (object files)}}
349      \end{itemize}
350      \item<6->{\textbf{subjob}}
351      \begin{itemize}
352         \item<7->{{\scriptsize script for generating an submitting batch jobs}}
353      \end{itemize}
354      \item<8->{\textbf{helper programs}}
355      \begin{itemize}
356         \item<9->{{\scriptsize small FORTRAN programs, needed e.g. for interpreting the configuration file and for collecting output data (\texttt{interpret-config.x}, \texttt{combine-plot-fields.x})}}
357      \end{itemize}
358   \end{itemize}
359
360   \tikzstyle{white} = [rectangle, text width=0.25\textwidth, font=\scriptsize]
361   \tikzstyle{white1} = [rectangle, text width=0.95\textwidth, font=\scriptsize]
362   \tikzstyle{line} = [draw, -]
363   \tikzstyle{green} = [rectangle, draw, fill=green!20, text width=0.15\textwidth, font=\scriptsize]
364
365   \begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=0]
366      \uncover<10->{\node [white] (first) {{Location of scripts:}};}
367      \uncover<11->{\node [green, right=0.5cm of first] (second) {\textbf{trunk/} };}   
368      \uncover<11->{\node [white, right=0.5cm of second] (third) {{}};}
369      \uncover<11->{\node [green, below=0.15cm of third] (fourth) {\textbf{SCRIPTS/}};}
370      \path<11-> [line] (second.east) -- (fourth.west);
371      \uncover<11->{\node [white1, below=0.65cm of second] (fifth) {{The scripts have a large number of options. A short summary of available options can be listed by giving the question mark as the only option, e.g.  \texttt{mrun ?}}};}
372   \end{tikzpicture}
373\end{frame}
374
375%Folie 16
376\begin{frame}
377   \frametitle{PALM - Configuration File}
378   {\scriptsize \textbf{mrun and mbuild} require a lot of settings (which depend on the respective computer system used), which have to be given in a configuration file with default name  \texttt{.mrun.config}}\\
379   \begin{itemize}
380      \item<1->{\textbf{Main purposes of the configuration file:}}
381      \begin{itemize}
382         \item<2->{setting of compiler options}
383         \item<3->{setting of paths for libraries (e.g. netCDF library)}
384         \item<4->{setting of environment variables}
385         \item<5->{definition of (UNIX-)commands to be executed before or after PALM execution}
386         \item<6->{handling of input/output files by file connection statements}
387      \end{itemize}
388   \end{itemize}
389
390   \tikzstyle{white} = [rectangle, text width=0.3\textwidth, font=\scriptsize]
391   \tikzstyle{yellow} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!20, text width=0.2\textwidth, font=\scriptsize]
392   \tikzstyle{line} = [draw, -]
393   \tikzstyle{green} = [rectangle, draw, fill=green!20, text width=0.2\textwidth, font=\scriptsize]
394
395   \begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=0]
396      \uncover<7->{\node [white] (first) {{Default position for \\\texttt{.mrun.config}:}};}
397      \uncover<8->{\node [yellow, right=0.2cm of first] (second) {\textbf{home/} };}
398      \uncover<9->{\node [yellow, right=0.25cm of second] (third) {\textbf{palm/}};}
399      \uncover<10->{\node [yellow, right=0.25cm of third] (fourth) {\textbf{current-version/}};}
400      \path<9-> [line] (second.east) -- (third.west);
401      \path<10-> [line] (third.east) -- (fourth.west);
402      \uncover<11->{\node [white, below=0.15cm of first] (fifth) {{A default version of this file \texttt{.mrun.config.default} \\(to be adjusted by the user) can be found in:}};}
403      \uncover<12->{\node [green, below=0.35cm of second] (sixth) {\textbf{trunk/}};}
404      \uncover<13->{\node [green, below=0.7cm of third] (seventh) {\textbf{SCRIPTS/}};}
405      \path<13-> [line] (sixth.east) -- (seventh.west);
406   \end{tikzpicture}   
407\end{frame}
408
409%Folie 17
410\begin{frame}
411   \frametitle{PALM - Other Requirements for Running}
412
413   \tikzstyle{alert} = [rectangle, draw, text width=0.8\textwidth, font=\scriptsize]
414
415   \begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=0]
416      \uncover<2->{\node [alert] (first) {\textbf{The following things are not provided with the download!}};}
417   \end{tikzpicture}
418
419   \begin{itemize}
420      \item<3->{Korn-Shell (/bin/ksh), either AT and T or public domain}
421      \item<4->{subversion, a version control system (www.tigris.org)}
422      \begin{itemize}
423         \item<5->{needed for downloading the PALM code}
424      \end{itemize}
425      \item<6->{FORTRAN 90/95 compiler}
426      \item<7->{MPI-library (must fit to the compiler!), MPI-2 not required}
427      \item<8->{netCDF-library (see www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/)}
428      \begin{itemize}
429         \item<9->{needed for data output}
430      \end{itemize}
431      \item<10->{graphics software capable to read netCDF data format}
432      \begin{itemize}
433         \item<11->{e.g. NCL, IDL, ferret}
434      \end{itemize}
435      \item<12->{Batch-system}
436      \item<13->{ssh/scp connection to the remote host (both ways)}
437   \end{itemize}
438\end{frame}
439
440\end{document}
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