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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 3230

Last change on this file since 3230 was 3182, checked in by suehring, 6 years ago
New Inifor features: grid stretching, improved command-interface, support start dates in different formats in both YYYYMMDD and YYYYMMDDHH, Ability to manually control input file prefixes (--radiation-prefix, --soil-preifx, --flow-prefix, --soilmoisture-prefix) for compatiblity with DWD forcast naming scheme; GNU-style short and long option; Prepared output of large-scale forcing profiles (no computation yet); Added preprocessor flag netcdf4 to switch output format between netCDF 3 and 4; Updated netCDF variable names and attributes to comply with PIDS v1.9; Inifor bugfixes: Improved compatibility with older Intel Intel compilers by avoiding implicit array allocation; Added origin_lon/_lat values and correct reference time in dynamic driver global attributes; corresponding PALM changes: adjustments to revised Inifor; variables names in dynamic driver adjusted; enable geostrophic forcing also in offline nested mode; variable names in LES-LES and COSMO offline nesting changed; lateral boundary flags for nesting, in- and outflow conditions renamed
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 120.8 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2018 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z schwenkel $
28	! Check for vertical stretching has been revised.
29	!
30	! 3139 2018-07-17 11:30:10Z Giersch
31	! Bugfix in calculation of alpha_attack
32	!
33	! 3069 2018-06-15 07:56:09Z witha
34	! Initialization of some arrays added
35	!
36	! 3066 2018-06-12 08:55:55Z Giersch
37	! Error message revised
38	!
39	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
40	! dz was replaced by dz(1), error message concerning grid stretching has been
41	! introduced
42	!
43	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
44	! Error messages revised
45	!
46	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z Giersch
47	! renamed wind_turbine_par to wind_turbine_parameters
48	!
49	! 2894 2018-03-15 09:17:58Z Giersch
50	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was
51	! found, reading of restart strings has been moved completely to
52	! read_restart_data_mod, wind_turbine_prerun flag has been removed, redundant
53	! skipping function has been removed, wtm_read/write_restart_data have been
54	! renamed to wtm_r/wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global is called in
55	! read_restart_data_mod now, marker * end wtm * was removed, strings and
56	! their respective lengths are written out and read now in case of restart
57	! runs to get rid of prescribed character lengths, CASE DEFAULT was added if
58	! restart data is read
59	!
60	! 2885 2018-03-14 11:02:46Z Giersch
61	! Bugfix in interpolation of lift and drag coefficients on fine grid of radius
62	! segments and angles of attack, speed-up of the initialization of the wind
63	! turbine model
64	!
65	! 2792 2018-02-07 06:45:29Z Giersch
66	! omega_rot_l has to be calculated after determining the indices for the hub in
67	! case of restart runs
68	!
69	! 2776 2018-01-31 10:44:42Z Giersch
70	! wind_turbine_prerun flag is used to define if module
71	! related parameters were outputted as restart data
72	!
73	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
74	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
75	!
76	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
77	! Change in file header (GPL part)
78	!
79	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
80	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
81	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
82	!
83	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
84	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_global to skip module
85	! parameters during reading restart data
86	!
87	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
88	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
89	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
90	! defined
91	!
92	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
93	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
94	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
95	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
96	!
97	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
98	! Revise error message PA0462
99	!
100	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
101	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
102	!
103	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
104	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
105	!
106	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
107	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
108	!
109	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
110	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
111	!
112	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
113	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
114	!
115	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
116	!
117	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
118	! Adjustments to new topography concept
119	!
120	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
121	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
122	! Addition of a tip loss model
123	!
124	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
125	! Bugfix of pitch control
126	!
127	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
128	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
129	!
130	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
131	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
132	!
133	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
134	! Initial revision
135	!
136	!
137	! Description:
138	! ------------
139	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
140	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
141	!> (ADM-R).
142	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
143	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
144	!> yaw.
145	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
146	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
147	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
148	!> automatically).
149	!>
150	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
151	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
152	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
153	!> @todo Generate header information
154	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
155	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
156	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
157	!> @todo Include additional output variables
158	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
159	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
160	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
161	!
162	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
163	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
164
165	USE arrays_3d, &
166	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
167
168	USE constants, &
169	ONLY: pi
170
171	USE control_parameters, &
172	ONLY: coupling_char, dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
173	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
174
175	USE cpulog, &
176	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
177
178	USE grid_variables, &
179	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
180
181	USE indices, &
182	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
183	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
184
185	USE kinds
186
187	USE pegrid
188
189
190	IMPLICIT NONE
191
192	PRIVATE
193
194	!
195	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
196
197	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
198	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
199
200	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
201	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
202	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
203	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
204
205	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
206	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
207	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
208	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
209	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
210	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
211
212	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
213	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
214	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
215	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
216	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
217	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
218	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
219	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
220	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
221	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
222	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
223
224	!
225	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
226	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
227
228	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
229	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
230	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
231	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
232	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
233	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
234	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
235	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
236	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
237	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
238	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
239	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
240	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
241	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
242
243
244	!
245	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
246
247	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
248	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
249	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
250
251	!
252	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
253	TYPE file_status
254	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
255	END TYPE file_status
256
257	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
258	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
259
260	!
261	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
262
263	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
264	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
265	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
266	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
267	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
268	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
269
270	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
271
272	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
273	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
274	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
275	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
276	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
277	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
278	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
279	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
280
281	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
282
283	!
284	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
285	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
286	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
287	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
288	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
289	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
290	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
291	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
292
293	!
294	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
299
300	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
301	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
302
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
305
306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
308
309	!
310	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
311
312	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
313	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
314	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
315	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
316	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
317	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
318	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
319	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
320	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
321	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
322	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
323	!
324	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
325	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
326	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
327	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
328	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
329
330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
331	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
339
340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
342
343	!
344	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
351
352	!
353	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
357
358	!
359	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
363
364	!
365	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
369
370	!
371	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
375	!
376	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
378
379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
384	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
388
389	!
390	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
391
392	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
393
394	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
395	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
396	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
397	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
398	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
399	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
400	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
401	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
402
403	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
404
405	!
406	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
407
408	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
409	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
410	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
411	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
412	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
413	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
414	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
415	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
416	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
417	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
418	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
419	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
420	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
421
422	!
423	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
424	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
425	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
426	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
427	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
428	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
429	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
430	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
431
432
433	SAVE
434
435
436	INTERFACE wtm_parin
437	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
438	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
439
440	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
441	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
442	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
443
444	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
445	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
446	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
447
448	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
449	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
450	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
451
452	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
453	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
454	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
455
456	INTERFACE wtm_init
457	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
458	END INTERFACE wtm_init
459
460	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
461	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
462	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
463
464	INTERFACE wtm_forces
465	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
466	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
467
468	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
469	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
470	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
471
472	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
473	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
474	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
475
476	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
477	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
478	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
479	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
480
481	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
482	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
483	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
484	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
485
486
487	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
488	wtm_parin, wtm_wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global, wtm_tendencies
489
490
491	CONTAINS
492
493
494	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
495	! Description:
496	! ------------
497	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
498	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
499	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
500
501
502	IMPLICIT NONE
503
504	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
505
506	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
507
508	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
509	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
510	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
511	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
512	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
513	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
514	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
515	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
516	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
517	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
518
519	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
520	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
521	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
522	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
523	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
524	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
525	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
526	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
527	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
528	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
529	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
530	!
531	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
532	REWIND ( 11 )
533	line = ' '
534	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
535	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
536	ENDDO
537	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
538
539	!
540	!-- Read user-defined namelist
541	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, IOSTAT=ierrn )
542
543	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
544	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_parameters-NAMELIST found: ' // &
545	'End of file has reached'
546	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
547	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
548	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_parameters-NAMELIST: ' // &
549	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
550	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
551	ENDIF
552
553	!
554	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
555	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
556
557	GOTO 12
558
559	!
560	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
561	10 REWIND ( 11 )
562	line = ' '
563	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
564	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
565	ENDDO
566	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
567
568	!
569	!-- Read user-defined namelist
570	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
571
572	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
573	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
574	'End of file has reached'
575	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
576	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
577	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
578	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
579	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
580	ENDIF
581
582	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
583	'be removed in near future. &Please use namelist ' // &
584	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
585	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
586
587	!
588	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
589	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
590
591	12 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
592
593
594	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
595
596
597	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
598	! Description:
599	! ------------
600	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
601	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
602	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
603
604
605	IMPLICIT NONE
606
607
608	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
609	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
610
611	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
612	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
613
614	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
615	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
616
617	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
618	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
619
620	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
621	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
622
623	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
624	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
625
626	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
627	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
628
629	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
630	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
631
632	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
633	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
634
635	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
636	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
637
638
639	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
640
641
642	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
643	! Description:
644	! ------------
645	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
646	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
647	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
648
649
650	USE control_parameters, &
651	ONLY: length, restart_string
652
653
654	IMPLICIT NONE
655
656	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
657
658
659	found = .TRUE.
660
661
662	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
663
664	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
665	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
666	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
667	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
668	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
669	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
670	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
671	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
672	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
673	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
674	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
675	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
676	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
677	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
678	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
679	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
680	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
681	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
682	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
683	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
684
685	CASE DEFAULT
686
687	found = .FALSE.
688
689	END SELECT
690
691
692	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
693
694
695	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
696	! Description:
697	! ------------
698	!> Check namelist parameter
699	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
700	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
701
702
703	IMPLICIT NONE
704
705	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
706	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
707	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
708	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
709	ENDIF
710
711	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
712	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
713	'a value equal or larger than zero'
714	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
715	ENDIF
716
717
718	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
719	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
720	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
721
722	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
723	'have to be given for each turbine.'
724	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
725
726	ENDIF
727
728
729	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
730
731
732	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
733	! Description:
734	! ------------
735	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
736	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
737	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
738
739
740	IMPLICIT NONE
741
742	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
743	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
744
745	!
746	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
747	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
748
749	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
750	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
751
752	nrings(:) = 0
753	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
754
755	!
756	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
757	delta_r_factor = segment_width
758	delta_t_factor = segment_length
759	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
760
761	DO inot = 1, nturbines
762	!
763	!-- Determine number of rings:
764	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
765
766	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
767
768	ENDDO
769
770	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
771
772	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
773	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
774
775	nsegs(:,:) = 0
776	nsegs_total(:) = 0
777
778
779	DO inot = 1, nturbines
780	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
781	!
782	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
783	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
784	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
785	delta_t_factor ) )
786	ENDDO
787	!
788	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
789	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
790
791	ENDDO
792
793	!
794	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
795	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
796
797	!!
798	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
799	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
800	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
801	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
802	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
803	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
804	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
805	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
806	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
807	! ENDIF
808
809
810	!
811	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
812	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
813	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
814	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
815	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
816	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
817	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
818	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
819	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
820
821	!
822	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
823	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
824	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
825	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
826	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
827	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
828	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
829
830	!
831	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
832	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
833	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
834	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
835	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
836	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
837	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
838	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
839	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
840	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
841	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
842
843	!
844	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
845	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
846	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
847	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
848	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
849	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
850	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
851
852	!
853	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
854	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
855	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
856	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
857
858	!
859	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
860	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
861	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
862	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
863	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
864	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
865	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
866	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
867	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
868
869	!
870	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
871	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
872	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
873	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
874	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
875	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
876	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
877
878	!
879	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
880	i_hub(:) = 0
881	i_smear(:) = 0
882	j_hub(:) = 0
883	j_smear(:) = 0
884	k_hub(:) = 0
885	k_smear(:) = 0
886
887	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
888	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
889
890	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
891	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
892	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
893	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
894	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
895	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
896	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
897	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
898	ENDIF
899
900	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
901	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
902	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
903	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
904	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
905	phi_yaw_l(:) = 0.0_wp
906
907	!
908	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
909	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
910	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
911	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
912	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
913	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
914	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
915	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
916	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
917	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
918	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
919
920	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
921	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
922	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
923	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
924	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
925	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
926
927	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
928	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
929	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
930
931	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
932	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
933	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
934	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
935	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
936	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
937	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
938	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
939
940	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
941	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
942	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
943	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
944	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
945	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
946
947
948	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
949
950
951	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
952	! Description:
953	! ------------
954	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
955	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
956	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
957
958
959	USE control_parameters, &
960	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
961
962	IMPLICIT NONE
963
964	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
965	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
966	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
967
968	!
969	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
970	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
971
972	!
973	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
974	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
975	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
976	!
977	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
978	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
979	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
980
981	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
982	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
983	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
984
985	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
986
987	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
988	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
989	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
990	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
991
992	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
993	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
994	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
995	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
996
997	!
998	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
999	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
1000	!-- (smearing of the forces)
1001	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1002	!
1003	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
1004	!-- be calculated:
1005
1006	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
1007	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
1008	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
1009	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
1010	!
1011	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
1012	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
1013	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
1014	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
1015	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
1016	!
1017	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
1018	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
1019	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
1020	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
1021	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) + &
1022	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + &
1023	eps_min) THEN
1024	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
1025	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
1026	'greater than ',MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) +&
1027	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + eps_min
1028	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1029	ENDIF
1030	!
1031	!-- Square of eps_min:
1032	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
1033	!
1034	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
1035	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
1036	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1037	!
1038	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
1039	!-- function:
1040	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1041
1042	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1043	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
1044
1045	!
1046	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1047	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1048	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1049	ENDIF
1050
1051
1052	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1053	!
1054	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1055	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1056
1057	!
1058	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1059	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
1060	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1061	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
1062
1063	!
1064	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1065	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1066	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1067	!-- function of eps_min:
1068	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1069	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1070	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1071
1072	ENDDO
1073
1074	!
1075	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1076	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
1077	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1078
1079	CALL wtm_speed_control
1080
1081	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1082
1083	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1084
1085	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1086	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1087	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1088	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1089	ENDIF
1090
1091	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1092	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1093	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1094	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1095	ENDIF
1096
1097	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1098	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1099	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1100	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1101	ENDIF
1102
1103	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1104	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1105	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1106	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1107	ENDIF
1108
1109	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1110	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1111
1112	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1113
1114	ENDIF
1115	ENDIF
1116
1117	END DO
1118
1119	ENDIF
1120
1121	ENDIF
1122
1123	!
1124	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1125	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1126	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1127	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1128	!
1129	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1130	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1131
1132	!
1133	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1134	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1135	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1136
1137	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1138
1139	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1140
1141
1142	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1143	!
1144	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1145	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1146	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1147	i = i_hub(inot)
1148
1149	!
1150	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1151	!-- grid point indices):
1152	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1153	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1154	!
1155	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1156	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1157	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1158	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1159	!-- in grid box 1.
1160	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1161	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1162
1163	!
1164	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1165	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1166	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1167	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1168
1169	!
1170	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1171	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1172	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1173
1174	DO j = nys, nyn
1175	!
1176	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1177	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1178
1179	DO k = nzb, nzt
1180
1181	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1182	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1183	!
1184	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1185	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1186	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1187	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1188	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1189	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1190	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1191	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1192	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1193	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1194	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1195	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1196	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1197	!
1198	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1199	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1200	ELSE
1201	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1202	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1203	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1204	ENDIF
1205	!
1206	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1207	ELSE
1208	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1209	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1210	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1211	ENDIF
1212	!
1213	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1214	!-- are carried out:
1215	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1216
1217	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1218	!
1219	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1220	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1221	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1222	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1223	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1224	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1225	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1226	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1227	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1228	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1229	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1230	!
1231	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1232	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1233	ELSE
1234	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1235	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1236	ENDIF
1237	!
1238	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1239	ELSE
1240	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
1241	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1242	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1243
1244	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1245
1246	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1247
1248	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1249
1250	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1251
1252	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1253
1254
1255	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1256
1257	!
1258	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1259	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1260	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1261	!!
1262	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1263	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1264	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1265	!
1266	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1267	!
1268	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1269	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1270	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1271	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1272	!!
1273	!!-- bottom intersection point
1274	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1275	!!
1276	!!-- top intersection point
1277	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1278	! ELSE
1279	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1280	! ENDIF
1281	! ENDDO
1282	!
1283	!
1284	! DO j = nys, nyn
1285	!!
1286	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1287	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1288	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1289	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1290	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1291	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1292	!!
1293	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1294	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1295	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1296	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1297	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1298	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1299	!!
1300	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1301	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1302	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1303	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1304	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1305	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1306	! dz_int = dz
1307	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1308	!!
1309	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1310	!!-- within the current grid box:
1311	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1312	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1313	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1314	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1315	! ENDIF
1316	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1317	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1318	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1319	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1320	! ENDIF
1321	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1322	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1323	! ENDIF
1324	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1325	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1326	! ENDIF
1327	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1328	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1329	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1330	! ENDIF
1331	! ENDDO
1332	! ENDIF
1333	! ENDDO
1334	! ENDIF
1335	!
1336	! ENDDO
1337	!
1338	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1339
1340	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1341
1342	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1343	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1344
1345	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1346
1347	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1348
1349
1350	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1351	! Description:
1352	! ------------
1353	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1354	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1355	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1356	!
1357	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1358
1359
1360	IMPLICIT NONE
1361
1362	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1363	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1364
1365	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1366
1367	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1368
1369	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1370	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1371	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1372	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1373	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1374	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1375	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1376	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1377	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1378	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1379
1380	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1381	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1382	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1383
1384	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1385	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1386
1387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1392
1393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1395	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1398
1399	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1400
1401	!
1402	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1403	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1404
1405	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1406
1407	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1408	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1409	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1410	ENDIF
1411	!
1412	!-- Read distribution table:
1413
1414	dlen = 0
1415
1416	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1417
1418	rloop3: DO
1419	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1420	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1421	dlen = dlen + 1
1422	ENDDO rloop3
1423
1424	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1425
1426	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1427	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1428	ENDDO
1429
1430	DO jj = 1,dlen
1431	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1432	ENDDO
1433
1434	!
1435	!-- Read layout table:
1436
1437	dlen = 0
1438
1439	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1440
1441	rloop1: DO
1442	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1443	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1444	dlen = dlen + 1
1445	ENDDO rloop1
1446
1447	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1448	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1449	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1450	ENDDO
1451	DO jj = 1, dlen
1452	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1453	ENDDO
1454
1455	!
1456	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1457
1458	dlen = 0
1459
1460	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1461
1462	rloop2: DO
1463	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1464	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1465	dlen = dlen + 1
1466	ENDDO rloop2
1467
1468	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1469	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1470
1471	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1472	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1473	ENDDO
1474
1475	DO jj = 1,dlen
1476	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1477	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1478	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1479	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1480	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1481	ENDDO
1482
1483	ENDDO
1484
1485	dlenbl = dlen
1486
1487	CLOSE ( 90 )
1488
1489	!
1490	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1491	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1492	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1493	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1494	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1495
1496	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1497	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1498	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1499	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1500
1501	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1502	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1503
1504	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1505	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1506
1507	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1508
1509	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1510	!
1511	!-- Find position in table 1
1512	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1513	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1514
1515	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
1516	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1517	ENDIF
1518
1519	trow = lct(1)
1520	!
1521	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1522	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1523	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1524	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1525	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1526
1527	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1528	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1529	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1530	ENDIF
1531
1532	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1533	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1534	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1535	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1536	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1537
1538	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values
1539	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1540	! explicitly
1541	ELSE
1542	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1543	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1544	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1545	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1546	!
1547	!-- For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1548	!-- explicitly
1549	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1550	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1551	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1552	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1553	ENDIF
1554
1555	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1556
1557	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1558	ialpha = 1
1559
1560	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1561	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1562	ENDDO
1563
1564	!
1565	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1566	!-- segments and angles of attack
1567
1568	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1569	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1570	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1571	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1572	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1573	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1574	( alpha_attack_i - &
1575	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1576	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1577	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1578	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1579	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1580	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1581	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1582	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1583	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1584	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1585	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1586	( alpha_attack_i - &
1587	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1588	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1589	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1590	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1591	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1592
1593	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1594
1595	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1596
1597
1598	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1599
1600
1601	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1602	! Description:
1603	! ------------
1604	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1605	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1606	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1607	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1608
1609
1610	IMPLICIT NONE
1611
1612	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1613	!
1614	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1615	!-- the rotors
1616	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1617	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1618	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1619
1620	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1621	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1622	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1623
1624	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1625	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1626	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1627
1628	!
1629	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1630	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1631
1632	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1633	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1634	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1635	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1636	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1637	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1638	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1639	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1640	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1641	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1642	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1643	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1644	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1645	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1646	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1647	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1648	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1649	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1650	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1651	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1652	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1653	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1654	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1655	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1656
1657	!
1658	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1659	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1660	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1661	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1662	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1663
1664	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1665
1666
1667	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1668	! Description:
1669	! ------------
1670	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1671	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1672	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1673
1674
1675	IMPLICIT NONE
1676
1677	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1678
1679	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1680	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1681	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1682	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
1683	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
1684	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1685
1686	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1687	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1688	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1689
1690	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1691	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1692
1693	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1694
1695
1696	!
1697	! Variables for pitch control
1698	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
1699	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
1700
1701	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
1702	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
1703
1704	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1705
1706
1707	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1708
1709
1710	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1711
1712	!
1713	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1714	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1715	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1716	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1717	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1718	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1719	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1720	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1721	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1722	!
1723	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1724	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1725
1726	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1727	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1728	!
1729	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1730	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1731
1732	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1733	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1734	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1735	!
1736	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1737	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1738
1739	!
1740	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1741	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1742	!
1743	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1744	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1745	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1746	!
1747	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1748	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1749	!-- with y-axis):
1750	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1751	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1752	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1753
1754	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1755	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1756	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1757	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1758	re(3) = sin_rot
1759
1760	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1761	!
1762	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1763	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1764	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1765	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1766
1767	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1768	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1769	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1770	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1771	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1772
1773	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1774	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1775
1776	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1777	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1778
1779	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1780	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1781
1782	!
1783	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1784
1785	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1786	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1787	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1788	!
1789	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1790	!-- the current PE:
1791	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1792	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1793
1794	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1795	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1796	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1797	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1798	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1799	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1800	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1801	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1802	gg = dx * dy
1803
1804	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1805	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1806	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1807	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1808	) / gg
1809
1810	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1811	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1812	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1813	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1814	) / gg
1815
1816	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1817	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1818	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1819
1820	ELSE
1821	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1822	ENDIF
1823	ELSE
1824	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1825	ENDIF
1826
1827
1828	!
1829	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1830	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1831	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1832	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1833	!
1834	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1835	!-- the current PE:
1836	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1837	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1838
1839	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1840	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1841	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1842	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1843	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1844	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1845	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1846	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1847	gg = dx * dy
1848
1849	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1850	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1851	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1852	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1853	) / gg
1854
1855	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1856	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1857	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1858	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1859	) / gg
1860
1861	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1862	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1863	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1864
1865	ELSE
1866	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1867	ENDIF
1868	ELSE
1869	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1870	ENDIF
1871
1872
1873	!
1874	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1875	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1876	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1877	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
1878	!
1879	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1880	!-- the current PE:
1881	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1882	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1883
1884	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1885	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1886	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1887	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1888	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1889	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1890	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1891	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1892	gg = dx * dy
1893
1894	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1895	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1896	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1897	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1898	) / gg
1899
1900	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1901	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1902	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1903	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1904	) / gg
1905
1906	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1907	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1908	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1909	ELSE
1910	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1911	ENDIF
1912	ELSE
1913	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1914	ENDIF
1915
1916	ENDDO
1917	ENDDO
1918
1919	ENDDO
1920
1921	!
1922	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1923	#if defined( __parallel )
1924	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1925	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1926	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1927	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1928	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1929	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1930	#else
1931	u_int = u_int_1_l
1932	v_int = v_int_1_l
1933	w_int = w_int_1_l
1934	#endif
1935
1936
1937	!
1938	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1939
1940	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1941	pit_loop: DO
1942
1943	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1944	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1945	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1946	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1947	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1948	ELSE
1949	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1950	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1951	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1952	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1953	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1954	ENDIF
1955	ENDIF
1956
1957	!
1958	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1959	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1960	!
1961	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1962	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1963	!
1964	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1965	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1966	!
1967	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1968	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1969	!-- with y-axis):
1970	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1971	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1972	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1973	!
1974	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1975	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1976	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1977	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1978	re(3) = sin_rot
1979
1980	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1981	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1982	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1983	rea(3) = cos_rot
1984
1985	!
1986	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1987	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1988	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1989	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1990	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1991	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1992	!
1993	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1994	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1995	!-- tilt:
1996	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1997	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1998	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1999	!
2000	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2001	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2002
2003	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2004
2005	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2006
2007	!
2008	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2009	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
2010	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2011	!
2012	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
2013	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
2014	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
2015	!-- coordinates y' and z.
2016	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
2017	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
2018	!
2019	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
2020	!
2021	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2022	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
2023	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2024	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2025	!
2026	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
2027	!-- direction:
2028	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2029	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2030	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2031	!
2032	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
2033	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
2034
2035	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
2036	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2037	vtheta(rseg) ) )
2038
2039	!
2040	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
2041	!-- to the current radial position:
2042
2043	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2044	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2045
2046	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2047	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2048	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2049	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2050	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2051	ELSE
2052	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2053	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2054	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2055	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2056	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2057	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2058	ENDIF
2059
2060	!
2061	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2062	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2063	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2064	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2065	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2066	!
2067	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2068	!-- angle of attack:
2069	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2070	!
2071	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2072	!-- to angles given in degree:
2073	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2074	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2075	!
2076	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2077	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_add(inot)
2078
2079	!
2080	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2081	!-- to the rotor:
2082	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2083	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2084	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2085
2086	!
2087	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2088	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2089	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2090	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2091
2092	!
2093	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2094	!-- the current radial position:
2095
2096	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2097	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2098	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2099	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2100	ELSE
2101	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2102	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2103	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2104	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2105	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2106	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2107	ENDIF
2108
2109	!
2110	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2111	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2112	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2113	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2114	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2115	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2116	!
2117	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2118	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2119	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2120	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2121	!
2122	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2123	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2124	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2125	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2126
2127	!
2128	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2129	!-- angles given in radian:
2130	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2131	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2132
2133	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2134
2135	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2136	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2137	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2138	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2139	!--
2140	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2141	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2142	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2143
2144	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2145
2146	ENDIF
2147	!
2148	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2149	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2150	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2151
2152	!
2153	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2154
2155	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2156	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2157
2158	!
2159	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2160	!-- for each ring segment:
2161	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2162	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2163	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2164
2165	!
2166	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2167	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2168	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2169	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2170	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2171	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2172	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2173	!
2174	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2175	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2176	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2177
2178	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2179	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2180
2181	!
2182	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2183	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2184	thrust_seg(rseg)
2185
2186
2187	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2188
2189	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2190
2191	!
2192	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2193	!-- each ring:
2194	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2195	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2196	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2197
2198
2199	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2200
2201
2202	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2203
2204
2205	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2206	!
2207	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2208
2209	!
2210	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2211	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2212	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2213	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2214	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2215	( inertia_rot + &
2216	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2217
2218	!
2219	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2220	!-- and rotor speed
2221	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2222
2223	ENDIF
2224
2225	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2226
2227	!
2228	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2229	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2230	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2231	!-- gain
2232	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2233	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2234	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2235	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2236	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2237	!
2238	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2239	CYCLE pit_loop
2240	ENDIF
2241
2242	!
2243	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2244	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2245	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2246	ENDIF
2247	EXIT pit_loop
2248	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2249
2250
2251	!
2252	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2253
2254	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2255	!
2256	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2257	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2258	THEN
2259	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2260	THEN
2261	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2262	ENDIF
2263	ENDIF
2264
2265	ENDIF
2266
2267
2268	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2269
2270	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2271
2272
2273	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2274	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2275	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2276	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2277	!
2278	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2279	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2280	!
2281	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2282	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2283	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2284	!-- consideration
2285	!
2286	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2287	!-- of the model domain:
2288	!
2289	!--
2290	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2291	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2292	eps_min ) / dx )
2293	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2294	eps_min ) / dy )
2295
2296	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2297	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2298	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2299	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2300	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2301	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2302	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2303	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2304	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2305	!
2306	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2307	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2308
2309	!
2310	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2311	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2312	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2313	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2314	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2315	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2316	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2317	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2318	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2319	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2320	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2321
2322	!
2323	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2324	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2325	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2326	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2327	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2328	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2329	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2330	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2331	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2332	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2333	flag
2334	ENDIF
2335	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2336	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2337	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2338	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2339	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2340	flag
2341	ENDIF
2342	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2343	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2344	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2345	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2346	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2347	flag
2348	ENDIF
2349
2350	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2351	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2352
2353	!
2354	!-- Rotation of force components:
2355	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2356	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2357	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2358	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2359	) * flag
2360
2361	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2362	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2363	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2364	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2365	) * flag
2366
2367	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2368	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2369	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2370	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2371	) * flag
2372
2373	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2374	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2375	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2376
2377	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2378
2379	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2380
2381
2382	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2383	!
2384	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2385	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2386	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2387	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2388	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2389	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2390	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2391
2392	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2393	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2394	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2395	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2396	start_up = .FALSE.
2397	ENDIF
2398
2399	!
2400	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2401	!--
2402	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2403	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2404	!
2405	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2406	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2407	THEN
2408	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2409	THEN
2410
2411	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2412
2413	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2414	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2415	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2416	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2417	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2418
2419	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2420
2421	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2422
2423	ENDIF
2424	ENDIF
2425
2426	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2427
2428	!
2429	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2430	#if defined( __parallel )
2431	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2432	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2433	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2434	comm2d, ierr )
2435	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2436	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2437	#else
2438	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2439	wdir = wdir_l
2440	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2441
2442
2443	#endif
2444	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2445	!
2446	!-- Update rotor orientation
2447	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2448
2449	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2450
2451	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2452
2453	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2454	!
2455	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2456	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2457	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2458	#if defined( __parallel )
2459	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2460	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2461	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2462	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2463	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2464	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2465	#else
2466	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2467	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2468	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2469	#endif
2470
2471	ENDIF
2472
2473	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2474
2475	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2476	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2477	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2478	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2479	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2480	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2481	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2482	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2483	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2484	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2485
2486	ELSE
2487
2488	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2489	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2490	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2491	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2492	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2493	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2494	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2495	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2496	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2497	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2498	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2499	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2500	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2501	ENDIF
2502	ENDIF
2503
2504	!-- Set open flag
2505	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2506	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2507
2508	ENDIF
2509
2510	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2511
2512	!
2513	!-- Formats
2514	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2515	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2516	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2517	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2518	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2519
2520	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2521	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2522
2523
2524	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2525
2526
2527	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2528	! Description:
2529	! ------------
2530	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2531	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2532	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2533
2534	USE kinds
2535
2536	IMPLICIT NONE
2537
2538	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2539	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2540	REAL(wp) :: missal
2541
2542	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2543
2544	!
2545	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2546	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2547	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2548	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
2549	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2550	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2551	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2552	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2553	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2554	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2555	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2556	!
2557	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2558	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2559	!
2560	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2561	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2562	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2563	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2564	!
2565	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2566	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2567
2568	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2569	!
2570	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2571	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2572	!
2573	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2574	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2575	!
2576	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2577	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2578	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2579	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2580	ENDIF
2581	ENDIF
2582
2583	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2584
2585	!
2586	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2587	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2588	!-- than min_miss
2589
2590	ELSE
2591	!
2592	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2593	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2594	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2595	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2596	!
2597	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2598	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2599	!
2600	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2601	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2602	!
2603	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2604	!-- yaw direction is still right
2605	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2606	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2607	!
2608	!-- Continue yawing
2609	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2610	ELSE
2611	!
2612	!-- Stop yawing
2613	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2614	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2615	ENDIF
2616	ELSE
2617	!
2618	!-- Continue yawing
2619	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2620	ENDIF
2621
2622	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2623
2624	ENDIF
2625
2626	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2627
2628
2629	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2630	! Description:
2631	! ------------
2632	!> Initialization of the speed control
2633	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2634	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2635
2636
2637	IMPLICIT NONE
2638
2639	!
2640	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2641	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2642	!
2643	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2644	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2645	!
2646	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2647	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2648	!
2649	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2650	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2651	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2652	!
2653	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2654	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2655	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2656	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2657	!
2658	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2659	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2660	!
2661	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2662	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2663	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2664	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2665	ENDIF
2666
2667	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2668
2669
2670	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2671	! Description:
2672	! ------------
2673	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2674	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2675	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2676
2677
2678	IMPLICIT NONE
2679
2680	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2681
2682
2683
2684	!
2685	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2686	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2687	!-- offshore system developement"
2688
2689	!
2690	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2691	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2692	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2693	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2694	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2695
2696	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2697	!
2698	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2699	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2700
2701	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2702	!
2703	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2704	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2705
2706	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2707	!
2708	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2709	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2710	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2711
2712	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2713	!
2714	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2715	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2716
2717	ELSE
2718	!
2719	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2720	!-- keep the power constant:
2721	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2722
2723	ENDIF
2724	!
2725	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2726	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2727	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2728	!
2729	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2730	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2731	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2732	!
2733	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2734	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2735
2736
2737	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2738
2739
2740	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2741	! Description:
2742	! ------------
2743	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2744	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2745	!> Call for all grid points
2746	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2747	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
2748
2749
2750	IMPLICIT NONE
2751
2752	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2753	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2754	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2755	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2756
2757
2758	SELECT CASE ( component )
2759
2760	CASE ( 1 )
2761	!
2762	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2763	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2764	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2765	DO j = nysg, nyng
2766	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2767	!
2768	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2769	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2770	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2771	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2772	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2773
2774	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2775	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2776	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2777	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2778	ENDDO
2779	ENDDO
2780	ENDDO
2781	ENDIF
2782
2783	CASE ( 2 )
2784	!
2785	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2786	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2787	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2788	DO j = nysg, nyng
2789	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2790	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2791	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2792	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2793	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2794	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2795	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2796	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2797	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2798	ENDDO
2799	ENDDO
2800	ENDDO
2801	ENDIF
2802
2803	CASE ( 3 )
2804	!
2805	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2806	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2807	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2808	DO j = nysg, nyng
2809	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2810	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2811	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2812	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2813	ENDDO
2814	ENDDO
2815	ENDDO
2816	ENDIF
2817
2818
2819	CASE DEFAULT
2820
2821	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2822	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2823
2824	END SELECT
2825
2826
2827	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
2828
2829
2830	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2831	! Description:
2832	! ------------
2833	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2834	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2835	!> Call for grid point i,j
2836	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2837	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
2838
2839
2840	IMPLICIT NONE
2841
2842	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2843	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2844	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2845	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2846
2847	SELECT CASE ( component )
2848
2849	CASE ( 1 )
2850	!
2851	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2852	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2853	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2854	!
2855	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2856	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2857	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2858	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2859	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2860	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2861	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2862	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2863	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2864	ENDDO
2865	ENDIF
2866
2867	CASE ( 2 )
2868	!
2869	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2870	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2871	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2872	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2873	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2874	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2875	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2876	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2877	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2878	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2879	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2880	ENDDO
2881	ENDIF
2882
2883	CASE ( 3 )
2884	!
2885	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2886	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2887	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2888	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2889	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2890	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2891	ENDDO
2892	ENDIF
2893
2894
2895	CASE DEFAULT
2896
2897	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2898	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2899
2900	END SELECT
2901
2902
2903	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
2904
2905	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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