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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 3241

Last change on this file since 3241 was 3241, checked in by raasch, 6 years ago
various changes to avoid compiler warnings (mainly removal of unused variables)
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 120.8 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2018 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch $
28	! unused variables removed
29	!
30	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
31	! Check for vertical stretching has been revised.
32	!
33	! 3139 2018-07-17 11:30:10Z Giersch
34	! Bugfix in calculation of alpha_attack
35	!
36	! 3069 2018-06-15 07:56:09Z witha
37	! Initialization of some arrays added
38	!
39	! 3066 2018-06-12 08:55:55Z Giersch
40	! Error message revised
41	!
42	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
43	! dz was replaced by dz(1), error message concerning grid stretching has been
44	! introduced
45	!
46	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
47	! Error messages revised
48	!
49	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z Giersch
50	! renamed wind_turbine_par to wind_turbine_parameters
51	!
52	! 2894 2018-03-15 09:17:58Z Giersch
53	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was
54	! found, reading of restart strings has been moved completely to
55	! read_restart_data_mod, wind_turbine_prerun flag has been removed, redundant
56	! skipping function has been removed, wtm_read/write_restart_data have been
57	! renamed to wtm_r/wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global is called in
58	! read_restart_data_mod now, marker * end wtm * was removed, strings and
59	! their respective lengths are written out and read now in case of restart
60	! runs to get rid of prescribed character lengths, CASE DEFAULT was added if
61	! restart data is read
62	!
63	! 2885 2018-03-14 11:02:46Z Giersch
64	! Bugfix in interpolation of lift and drag coefficients on fine grid of radius
65	! segments and angles of attack, speed-up of the initialization of the wind
66	! turbine model
67	!
68	! 2792 2018-02-07 06:45:29Z Giersch
69	! omega_rot_l has to be calculated after determining the indices for the hub in
70	! case of restart runs
71	!
72	! 2776 2018-01-31 10:44:42Z Giersch
73	! wind_turbine_prerun flag is used to define if module
74	! related parameters were outputted as restart data
75	!
76	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
77	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
78	!
79	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
80	! Change in file header (GPL part)
81	!
82	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
83	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
84	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
85	!
86	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
87	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_global to skip module
88	! parameters during reading restart data
89	!
90	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
91	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
92	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
93	! defined
94	!
95	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
96	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
97	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
98	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
99	!
100	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
101	! Revise error message PA0462
102	!
103	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
104	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
105	!
106	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
107	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
108	!
109	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
110	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
111	!
112	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
113	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
114	!
115	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
116	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
117	!
118	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
119	!
120	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
121	! Adjustments to new topography concept
122	!
123	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
124	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
125	! Addition of a tip loss model
126	!
127	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
128	! Bugfix of pitch control
129	!
130	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
131	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
132	!
133	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
134	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
135	!
136	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
137	! Initial revision
138	!
139	!
140	! Description:
141	! ------------
142	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
143	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
144	!> (ADM-R).
145	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
146	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
147	!> yaw.
148	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
149	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
150	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
151	!> automatically).
152	!>
153	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
154	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
155	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
156	!> @todo Generate header information
157	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
158	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
159	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
160	!> @todo Include additional output variables
161	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
162	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
163	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
164	!
165	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
166	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
167
168	USE arrays_3d, &
169	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
170
171	USE constants, &
172	ONLY: pi
173
174	USE control_parameters, &
175	ONLY: coupling_char, dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
176	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
177
178	USE cpulog, &
179	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
180
181	USE grid_variables, &
182	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
183
184	USE indices, &
185	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
186	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
187
188	USE kinds
189
190	USE pegrid
191
192
193	IMPLICIT NONE
194
195	PRIVATE
196
197	!
198	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
199
200	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
201	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
202
203	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
204	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
205	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
206	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
207
208	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
209	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
210	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
211	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
212	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
213	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
214
215	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
216	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
217	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
218	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
219	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
220	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
221	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
222	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
223	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
224	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
225	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
226
227	!
228	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
229	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
230
231	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
232	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
233	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
234	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
235	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
236	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
237	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
238	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
239	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
240	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
241	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
242	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
243	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
244	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
245
246
247	!
248	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
249
250	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
251	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
252	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
253
254	!
255	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
256	TYPE file_status
257	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
258	END TYPE file_status
259
260	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
261	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
262
263	!
264	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
265
266	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
267	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
268	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
269	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
270	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
271
272	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
273
274	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
275	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
276	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
277	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
278	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
279	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
280	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
281	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
282
283	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
284
285	!
286	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
287	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
288	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
289	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
290	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
291	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
292	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
293	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
294
295	!
296	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
301
302	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
303	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
304
305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
307
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
310
311	!
312	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
313
314	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
315	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
316	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
317	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
318	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
319	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
320	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
321	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
322	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
323	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
324	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
325	!
326	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
327	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
328	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
329	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
330	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
331
332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
341
342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
344
345	!
346	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
353
354	!
355	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
359
360	!
361	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
365
366	!
367	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
371
372	!
373	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
377	!
378	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
380
381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
384	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
390
391	!
392	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
393
394	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
395
396	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
397	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
398	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
399	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
400	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
401	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
402	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
403	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
404
405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
406
407	!
408	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
409
410	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
411	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
412	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
413	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
414	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
415	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
416	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
417	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
418	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
419	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
420	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
421	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
422	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
423
424	!
425	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
426	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
427	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
428	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
429	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
430	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
431	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
432	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
433
434
435	SAVE
436
437
438	INTERFACE wtm_parin
439	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
440	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
441
442	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
443	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
444	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
445
446	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
447	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
448	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
449
450	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
451	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
452	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
453
454	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
455	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
456	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
457
458	INTERFACE wtm_init
459	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
460	END INTERFACE wtm_init
461
462	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
463	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
464	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
465
466	INTERFACE wtm_forces
467	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
468	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
469
470	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
471	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
472	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
473
474	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
475	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
476	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
477
478	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
479	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
480	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
481	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
482
483	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
484	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
485	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
486	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
487
488
489	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
490	wtm_parin, wtm_wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global, wtm_tendencies
491
492
493	CONTAINS
494
495
496	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
497	! Description:
498	! ------------
499	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
500	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
501	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
502
503
504	IMPLICIT NONE
505
506	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
507
508	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
509
510	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
511	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
512	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
513	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
514	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
515	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
516	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
517	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
518	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
519	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
520
521	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
522	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
523	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
524	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
525	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
526	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
527	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
528	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
529	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
530	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
531	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
532	!
533	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
534	REWIND ( 11 )
535	line = ' '
536	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
537	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
538	ENDDO
539	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
540
541	!
542	!-- Read user-defined namelist
543	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, IOSTAT=ierrn )
544
545	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
546	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_parameters-NAMELIST found: ' // &
547	'End of file has reached'
548	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
549	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
550	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_parameters-NAMELIST: ' // &
551	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
552	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
553	ENDIF
554
555	!
556	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
557	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
558
559	GOTO 12
560
561	!
562	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
563	10 REWIND ( 11 )
564	line = ' '
565	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
566	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
567	ENDDO
568	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
569
570	!
571	!-- Read user-defined namelist
572	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
573
574	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
575	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
576	'End of file has reached'
577	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
578	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
579	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
580	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
581	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
582	ENDIF
583
584	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
585	'be removed in near future. &Please use namelist ' // &
586	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
587	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
588
589	!
590	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
591	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
592
593	12 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
594
595
596	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
597
598
599	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
600	! Description:
601	! ------------
602	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
603	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
604	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
605
606
607	IMPLICIT NONE
608
609
610	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
611	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
612
613	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
614	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
615
616	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
617	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
618
619	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
620	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
621
622	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
623	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
624
625	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
626	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
627
628	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
629	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
630
631	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
632	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
633
634	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
635	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
636
637	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
638	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
639
640
641	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
642
643
644	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
645	! Description:
646	! ------------
647	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
648	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
649	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
650
651
652	USE control_parameters, &
653	ONLY: length, restart_string
654
655
656	IMPLICIT NONE
657
658	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
659
660
661	found = .TRUE.
662
663
664	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
665
666	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
667	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
668	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
669	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
670	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
671	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
672	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
673	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
674	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
675	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
676	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
677	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
678	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
679	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
680	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
681	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
682	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
683	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
684	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
685	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
686
687	CASE DEFAULT
688
689	found = .FALSE.
690
691	END SELECT
692
693
694	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
695
696
697	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
698	! Description:
699	! ------------
700	!> Check namelist parameter
701	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
702	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
703
704
705	IMPLICIT NONE
706
707	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
708	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
709	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
710	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
711	ENDIF
712
713	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
714	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
715	'a value equal or larger than zero'
716	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
717	ENDIF
718
719
720	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
721	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
722	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
723
724	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
725	'have to be given for each turbine.'
726	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
727
728	ENDIF
729
730
731	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
732
733
734	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
735	! Description:
736	! ------------
737	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
738	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
739	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
740
741
742	IMPLICIT NONE
743
744	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
745	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
746
747	!
748	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
749	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
750
751	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
752	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
753
754	nrings(:) = 0
755	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
756
757	!
758	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
759	delta_r_factor = segment_width
760	delta_t_factor = segment_length
761	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
762
763	DO inot = 1, nturbines
764	!
765	!-- Determine number of rings:
766	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
767
768	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
769
770	ENDDO
771
772	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
773
774	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
775	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
776
777	nsegs(:,:) = 0
778	nsegs_total(:) = 0
779
780
781	DO inot = 1, nturbines
782	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
783	!
784	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
785	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
786	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
787	delta_t_factor ) )
788	ENDDO
789	!
790	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
791	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
792
793	ENDDO
794
795	!
796	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
797	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
798
799	!!
800	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
801	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
802	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
803	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
804	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
805	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
806	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
807	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
808	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
809	! ENDIF
810
811
812	!
813	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
814	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
815	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
816	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
817	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
818	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
819	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
820	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
821	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
822
823	!
824	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
825	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
826	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
827	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
828	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
829	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
830	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
831
832	!
833	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
834	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
835	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
836	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
837	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
838	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
839	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
840	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
841	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
842	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
843	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
844
845	!
846	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
847	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
848	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
849	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
850	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
851	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
852	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
853
854	!
855	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
856	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
857	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
858	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
859
860	!
861	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
862	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
863	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
864	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
865	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
866	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
867	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
868	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
869	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
870
871	!
872	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
873	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
874	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
875	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
876	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
877	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
878	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
879
880	!
881	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
882	i_hub(:) = 0
883	i_smear(:) = 0
884	j_hub(:) = 0
885	j_smear(:) = 0
886	k_hub(:) = 0
887	k_smear(:) = 0
888
889	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
890	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
891
892	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
893	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
894	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
895	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
896	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
897	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
898	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
899	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
900	ENDIF
901
902	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
903	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
904	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
905	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
906	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
907	phi_yaw_l(:) = 0.0_wp
908
909	!
910	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
911	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
912	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
913	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
914	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
915	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
916	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
917	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
918	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
919	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
920	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
921
922	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
923	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
924	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
925	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
926	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
927	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
928
929	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
930	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
931	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
932
933	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
934	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
935	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
936	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
937	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
938	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
939	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
940	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
941
942	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
943	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
944	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
945	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
946	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
947	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
948
949
950	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
951
952
953	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
954	! Description:
955	! ------------
956	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
957	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
958	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
959
960
961	USE control_parameters, &
962	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
963
964	IMPLICIT NONE
965
966	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
967	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
968	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
969
970	!
971	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
972	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
973
974	!
975	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
976	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
977	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
978	!
979	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
980	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
981	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
982
983	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
984	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
985	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
986
987	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
988
989	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
990	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
991	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
992	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
993
994	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
995	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
996	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
997	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
998
999	!
1000	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1001	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
1002	!-- (smearing of the forces)
1003	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1004	!
1005	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
1006	!-- be calculated:
1007
1008	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
1009	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
1010	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
1011	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
1012	!
1013	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
1014	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
1015	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
1016	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
1017	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
1018	!
1019	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
1020	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
1021	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
1022	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
1023	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) + &
1024	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + &
1025	eps_min) THEN
1026	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
1027	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
1028	'greater than ',MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) +&
1029	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + eps_min
1030	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1031	ENDIF
1032	!
1033	!-- Square of eps_min:
1034	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
1035	!
1036	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
1037	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
1038	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1039	!
1040	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
1041	!-- function:
1042	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1043
1044	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1045	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
1046
1047	!
1048	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1049	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1050	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1051	ENDIF
1052
1053
1054	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1055	!
1056	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1057	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1058
1059	!
1060	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1061	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
1062	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1063	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
1064
1065	!
1066	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1067	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1068	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1069	!-- function of eps_min:
1070	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1071	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1072	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1073
1074	ENDDO
1075
1076	!
1077	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1078	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
1079	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1080
1081	CALL wtm_speed_control
1082
1083	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1084
1085	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1086
1087	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1088	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1089	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1090	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1091	ENDIF
1092
1093	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1094	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1095	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1096	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1097	ENDIF
1098
1099	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1100	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1101	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1102	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1103	ENDIF
1104
1105	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1106	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1107	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1108	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1109	ENDIF
1110
1111	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1112	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1113
1114	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1115
1116	ENDIF
1117	ENDIF
1118
1119	END DO
1120
1121	ENDIF
1122
1123	ENDIF
1124
1125	!
1126	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1127	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1128	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1129	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1130	!
1131	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1132	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1133
1134	!
1135	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1136	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1137	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1138
1139	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1140
1141	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1142
1143
1144	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1145	!
1146	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1147	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1148	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1149	i = i_hub(inot)
1150
1151	!
1152	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1153	!-- grid point indices):
1154	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1155	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1156	!
1157	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1158	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1159	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1160	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1161	!-- in grid box 1.
1162	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1163	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1164
1165	!
1166	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1167	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1168	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1169	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1170
1171	!
1172	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1173	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1174	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1175
1176	DO j = nys, nyn
1177	!
1178	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1179	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1180
1181	DO k = nzb, nzt
1182
1183	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1184	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1185	!
1186	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1187	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1188	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1189	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1190	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1191	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1192	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1193	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1194	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1195	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1196	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1197	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1198	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1199	!
1200	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1201	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1202	ELSE
1203	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1204	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1205	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1206	ENDIF
1207	!
1208	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1209	ELSE
1210	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1211	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1212	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1213	ENDIF
1214	!
1215	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1216	!-- are carried out:
1217	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1218
1219	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1220	!
1221	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1222	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1223	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1224	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1225	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1226	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1227	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1228	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1229	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1230	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1231	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1232	!
1233	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1234	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1235	ELSE
1236	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1237	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1238	ENDIF
1239	!
1240	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1241	ELSE
1242	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
1243	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1244	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1245
1246	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1247
1248	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1249
1250	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1251
1252	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1253
1254	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1255
1256
1257	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1258
1259	!
1260	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1261	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1262	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1263	!!
1264	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1265	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1266	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1267	!
1268	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1269	!
1270	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1271	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1272	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1273	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1274	!!
1275	!!-- bottom intersection point
1276	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1277	!!
1278	!!-- top intersection point
1279	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1280	! ELSE
1281	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1282	! ENDIF
1283	! ENDDO
1284	!
1285	!
1286	! DO j = nys, nyn
1287	!!
1288	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1289	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1290	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1291	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1292	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1293	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1294	!!
1295	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1296	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1297	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1298	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1299	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1300	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1301	!!
1302	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1303	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1304	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1305	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1306	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1307	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1308	! dz_int = dz
1309	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1310	!!
1311	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1312	!!-- within the current grid box:
1313	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1314	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1315	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1316	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1317	! ENDIF
1318	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1319	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1320	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1321	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1322	! ENDIF
1323	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1324	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1325	! ENDIF
1326	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1327	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1328	! ENDIF
1329	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1330	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1331	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1332	! ENDIF
1333	! ENDDO
1334	! ENDIF
1335	! ENDDO
1336	! ENDIF
1337	!
1338	! ENDDO
1339	!
1340	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1341
1342	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1343
1344	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1345	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1346
1347	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1348
1349	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1350
1351
1352	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1353	! Description:
1354	! ------------
1355	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1356	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1357	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1358	!
1359	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1360
1361
1362	IMPLICIT NONE
1363
1364	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1365	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1366
1367	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1368
1369	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1370
1371	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1372	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1373	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1374	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1375	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1376	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1377	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1378	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1379	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1380	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1381
1382	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1383	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1384	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1385
1386	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1387	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1388
1389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1394
1395	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1398	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1400
1401	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1402
1403	!
1404	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1405	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1406
1407	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1408
1409	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1410	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1411	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1412	ENDIF
1413	!
1414	!-- Read distribution table:
1415
1416	dlen = 0
1417
1418	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1419
1420	rloop3: DO
1421	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1422	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1423	dlen = dlen + 1
1424	ENDDO rloop3
1425
1426	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1427
1428	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1429	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1430	ENDDO
1431
1432	DO jj = 1,dlen
1433	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1434	ENDDO
1435
1436	!
1437	!-- Read layout table:
1438
1439	dlen = 0
1440
1441	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1442
1443	rloop1: DO
1444	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1445	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1446	dlen = dlen + 1
1447	ENDDO rloop1
1448
1449	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1450	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1451	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1452	ENDDO
1453	DO jj = 1, dlen
1454	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1455	ENDDO
1456
1457	!
1458	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1459
1460	dlen = 0
1461
1462	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1463
1464	rloop2: DO
1465	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1466	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1467	dlen = dlen + 1
1468	ENDDO rloop2
1469
1470	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1471	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1472
1473	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1474	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1475	ENDDO
1476
1477	DO jj = 1,dlen
1478	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1479	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1480	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1481	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1482	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1483	ENDDO
1484
1485	ENDDO
1486
1487	dlenbl = dlen
1488
1489	CLOSE ( 90 )
1490
1491	!
1492	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1493	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1494	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1495	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1496	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1497
1498	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1499	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1500	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1501	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1502
1503	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1504	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1505
1506	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1507	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1508
1509	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1510
1511	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1512	!
1513	!-- Find position in table 1
1514	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1515	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1516
1517	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
1518	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1519	ENDIF
1520
1521	trow = lct(1)
1522	!
1523	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1524	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1525	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1526	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1527	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1528
1529	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1530	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1531	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1532	ENDIF
1533
1534	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1535	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1536	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1537	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1538	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1539
1540	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values
1541	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1542	! explicitly
1543	ELSE
1544	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1545	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1546	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1547	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1548	!
1549	!-- For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1550	!-- explicitly
1551	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1552	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1553	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1554	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1555	ENDIF
1556
1557	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1558
1559	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1560	ialpha = 1
1561
1562	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1563	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1564	ENDDO
1565
1566	!
1567	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1568	!-- segments and angles of attack
1569
1570	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1571	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1572	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1573	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1574	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1575	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1576	( alpha_attack_i - &
1577	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1578	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1579	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1580	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1581	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1582	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1583	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1584	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1585	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1586	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1587	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1588	( alpha_attack_i - &
1589	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1590	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1591	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1592	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1593	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1594
1595	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1596
1597	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1598
1599
1600	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1601
1602
1603	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1604	! Description:
1605	! ------------
1606	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1607	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1608	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1609	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1610
1611
1612	IMPLICIT NONE
1613
1614	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1615	!
1616	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1617	!-- the rotors
1618	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1619	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1620	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1621
1622	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1623	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1624	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1625
1626	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1627	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1628	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1629
1630	!
1631	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1632	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1633
1634	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1635	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1636	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1637	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1638	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1639	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1640	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1641	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1642	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1643	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1644	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1645	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1646	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1647	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1648	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1649	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1650	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1651	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1652	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1653	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1654	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1655	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1656	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1657	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1658
1659	!
1660	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1661	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1662	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1663	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1664	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1665
1666	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1667
1668
1669	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1670	! Description:
1671	! ------------
1672	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1673	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1674	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1675
1676
1677	IMPLICIT NONE
1678
1679	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1680
1681	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1682	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1683	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1684	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1685	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1686	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1687
1688	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1689	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1690	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1691
1692	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1693	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1694
1695	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1696
1697
1698	!
1699	! Variables for pitch control
1700	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
1701
1702	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
1703	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
1704
1705	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1706
1707
1708	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1709
1710
1711	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1712
1713	!
1714	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1715	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1716	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1717	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1718	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1719	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1720	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1721	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1722	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1723	!
1724	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1725	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1726
1727	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1728	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1729	!
1730	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1731	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1732
1733	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1734	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1735	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1736	!
1737	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1738	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1739
1740	!
1741	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1742	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1743	!
1744	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1745	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1746	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1747	!
1748	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1749	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1750	!-- with y-axis):
1751	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1752	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1753	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1754
1755	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1756	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1757	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1758	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1759	re(3) = sin_rot
1760
1761	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1762	!
1763	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1764	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1765	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1766	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1767
1768	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1769	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1770	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1771	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1772	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1773
1774	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1775	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1776
1777	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1778	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1779
1780	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1781	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1782
1783	!
1784	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1785
1786	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1787	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1788	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1789	!
1790	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1791	!-- the current PE:
1792	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1793	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1794
1795	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1796	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1797	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1798	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1799	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1800	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1801	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1802	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1803	gg = dx * dy
1804
1805	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1806	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1807	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1808	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1809	) / gg
1810
1811	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1812	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1813	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1814	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1815	) / gg
1816
1817	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1818	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1819	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1820
1821	ELSE
1822	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1823	ENDIF
1824	ELSE
1825	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1826	ENDIF
1827
1828
1829	!
1830	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1831	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1832	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1833	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1834	!
1835	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1836	!-- the current PE:
1837	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1838	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1839
1840	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1841	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1842	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1843	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1844	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1845	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1846	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1847	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1848	gg = dx * dy
1849
1850	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1851	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1852	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1853	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1854	) / gg
1855
1856	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1857	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1858	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1859	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1860	) / gg
1861
1862	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1863	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1864	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1865
1866	ELSE
1867	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1868	ENDIF
1869	ELSE
1870	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1871	ENDIF
1872
1873
1874	!
1875	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1876	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1877	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1878	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
1879	!
1880	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1881	!-- the current PE:
1882	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1883	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1884
1885	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1886	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1887	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1888	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1889	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1890	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1891	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1892	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1893	gg = dx * dy
1894
1895	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1896	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1897	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1898	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1899	) / gg
1900
1901	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1902	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1903	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1904	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1905	) / gg
1906
1907	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1908	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1909	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1910	ELSE
1911	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1912	ENDIF
1913	ELSE
1914	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1915	ENDIF
1916
1917	ENDDO
1918	ENDDO
1919
1920	ENDDO
1921
1922	!
1923	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1924	#if defined( __parallel )
1925	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1926	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1927	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1928	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1929	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1930	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1931	#else
1932	u_int = u_int_1_l
1933	v_int = v_int_1_l
1934	w_int = w_int_1_l
1935	#endif
1936
1937
1938	!
1939	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1940
1941	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1942	pit_loop: DO
1943
1944	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1945	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1946	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1947	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1948	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1949	ELSE
1950	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1951	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1952	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1953	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1954	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1955	ENDIF
1956	ENDIF
1957
1958	!
1959	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1960	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1961	!
1962	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1963	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1964	!
1965	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1966	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1967	!
1968	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1969	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1970	!-- with y-axis):
1971	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1972	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1973	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1974	!
1975	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1976	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1977	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1978	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1979	re(3) = sin_rot
1980
1981	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1982	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1983	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1984	rea(3) = cos_rot
1985
1986	!
1987	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1988	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1989	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1990	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1991	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1992	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1993	!
1994	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1995	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1996	!-- tilt:
1997	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1998	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1999	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
2000	!
2001	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2002	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2003
2004	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2005
2006	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2007
2008	!
2009	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2010	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
2011	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2012	!
2013	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
2014	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
2015	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
2016	!-- coordinates y' and z.
2017	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
2018	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
2019	!
2020	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
2021	!
2022	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2023	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
2024	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2025	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2026	!
2027	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
2028	!-- direction:
2029	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2030	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2031	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2032	!
2033	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
2034	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
2035
2036	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
2037	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2038	vtheta(rseg) ) )
2039
2040	!
2041	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
2042	!-- to the current radial position:
2043
2044	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2045	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2046
2047	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2048	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2049	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2050	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2051	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2052	ELSE
2053	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2054	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2055	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2056	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2057	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2058	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2059	ENDIF
2060
2061	!
2062	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2063	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2064	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2065	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2066	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2067	!
2068	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2069	!-- angle of attack:
2070	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2071	!
2072	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2073	!-- to angles given in degree:
2074	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2075	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2076	!
2077	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2078	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_add(inot)
2079
2080	!
2081	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2082	!-- to the rotor:
2083	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2084	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2085	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2086
2087	!
2088	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2089	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2090	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2091	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2092
2093	!
2094	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2095	!-- the current radial position:
2096
2097	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2098	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2099	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2100	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2101	ELSE
2102	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2103	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2104	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2105	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2106	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2107	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2108	ENDIF
2109
2110	!
2111	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2112	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2113	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2114	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2115	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2116	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2117	!
2118	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2119	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2120	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2121	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2122	!
2123	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2124	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2125	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2126	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2127
2128	!
2129	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2130	!-- angles given in radian:
2131	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2132	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2133
2134	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2135
2136	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2137	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2138	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2139	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2140	!--
2141	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2142	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2143	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2144
2145	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2146
2147	ENDIF
2148	!
2149	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2150	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2151	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2152
2153	!
2154	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2155
2156	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2157	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2158
2159	!
2160	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2161	!-- for each ring segment:
2162	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2163	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2164	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2165
2166	!
2167	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2168	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2169	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2170	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2171	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2172	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2173	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2174	!
2175	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2176	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2177	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2178
2179	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2180	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2181
2182	!
2183	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2184	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2185	thrust_seg(rseg)
2186
2187
2188	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2189
2190	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2191
2192	!
2193	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2194	!-- each ring:
2195	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2196	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2197	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2198
2199
2200	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2201
2202
2203	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2204
2205
2206	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2207	!
2208	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2209
2210	!
2211	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2212	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2213	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2214	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2215	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2216	( inertia_rot + &
2217	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2218
2219	!
2220	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2221	!-- and rotor speed
2222	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2223
2224	ENDIF
2225
2226	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2227
2228	!
2229	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2230	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2231	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2232	!-- gain
2233	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2234	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2235	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2236	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2237	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2238	!
2239	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2240	CYCLE pit_loop
2241	ENDIF
2242
2243	!
2244	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2245	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2246	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2247	ENDIF
2248	EXIT pit_loop
2249	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2250
2251
2252	!
2253	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2254
2255	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2256	!
2257	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2258	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2259	THEN
2260	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2261	THEN
2262	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2263	ENDIF
2264	ENDIF
2265
2266	ENDIF
2267
2268
2269	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2270
2271	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2272
2273
2274	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2275	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2276	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2277	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2278	!
2279	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2280	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2281	!
2282	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2283	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2284	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2285	!-- consideration
2286	!
2287	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2288	!-- of the model domain:
2289	!
2290	!--
2291	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2292	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2293	eps_min ) / dx )
2294	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2295	eps_min ) / dy )
2296
2297	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2298	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2299	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2300	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2301	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2302	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2303	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2304	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2305	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2306	!
2307	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2308	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2309
2310	!
2311	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2312	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2313	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2314	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2315	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2316	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2317	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2318	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2319	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2320	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2321	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2322
2323	!
2324	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2325	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2326	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2327	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2328	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2329	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2330	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2331	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2332	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2333	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2334	flag
2335	ENDIF
2336	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2337	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2338	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2339	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2340	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2341	flag
2342	ENDIF
2343	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2344	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2345	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2346	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2347	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2348	flag
2349	ENDIF
2350
2351	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2352	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2353
2354	!
2355	!-- Rotation of force components:
2356	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2357	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2358	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2359	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2360	) * flag
2361
2362	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2363	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2364	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2365	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2366	) * flag
2367
2368	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2369	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2370	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2371	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2372	) * flag
2373
2374	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2375	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2376	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2377
2378	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2379
2380	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2381
2382
2383	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2384	!
2385	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2386	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2387	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2388	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2389	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2390	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2391	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2392
2393	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2394	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2395	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2396	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2397	start_up = .FALSE.
2398	ENDIF
2399
2400	!
2401	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2402	!--
2403	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2404	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2405	!
2406	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2407	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2408	THEN
2409	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2410	THEN
2411
2412	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2413
2414	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2415	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2416	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2417	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2418	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2419
2420	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2421
2422	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2423
2424	ENDIF
2425	ENDIF
2426
2427	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2428
2429	!
2430	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2431	#if defined( __parallel )
2432	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2433	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2434	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2435	comm2d, ierr )
2436	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2437	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2438	#else
2439	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2440	wdir = wdir_l
2441	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2442
2443
2444	#endif
2445	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2446	!
2447	!-- Update rotor orientation
2448	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2449
2450	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2451
2452	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2453
2454	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2455	!
2456	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2457	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2458	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2459	#if defined( __parallel )
2460	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2461	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2462	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2463	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2464	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2465	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2466	#else
2467	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2468	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2469	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2470	#endif
2471
2472	ENDIF
2473
2474	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2475
2476	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2477	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2478	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2479	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2480	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2481	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2482	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2483	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2484	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2485	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2486
2487	ELSE
2488
2489	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2490	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2491	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2492	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2493	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2494	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2495	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2496	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2497	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2498	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2499	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2500	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2501	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2502	ENDIF
2503	ENDIF
2504
2505	!-- Set open flag
2506	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2507	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2508
2509	ENDIF
2510
2511	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2512
2513	!
2514	!-- Formats
2515	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2516	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2517	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2518	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2519	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2520
2521	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2522	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2523
2524
2525	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2526
2527
2528	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2529	! Description:
2530	! ------------
2531	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2532	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2533	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2534
2535	USE kinds
2536
2537	IMPLICIT NONE
2538
2539	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2540	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2541	REAL(wp) :: missal
2542
2543	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2544
2545	!
2546	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2547	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2548	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2549	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
2550	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2551	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2552	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2553	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2554	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2555	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2556	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2557	!
2558	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2559	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2560	!
2561	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2562	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2563	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2564	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2565	!
2566	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2567	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2568
2569	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2570	!
2571	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2572	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2573	!
2574	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2575	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2576	!
2577	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2578	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2579	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2580	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2581	ENDIF
2582	ENDIF
2583
2584	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2585
2586	!
2587	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2588	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2589	!-- than min_miss
2590
2591	ELSE
2592	!
2593	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2594	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2595	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2596	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2597	!
2598	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2599	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2600	!
2601	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2602	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2603	!
2604	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2605	!-- yaw direction is still right
2606	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2607	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2608	!
2609	!-- Continue yawing
2610	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2611	ELSE
2612	!
2613	!-- Stop yawing
2614	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2615	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2616	ENDIF
2617	ELSE
2618	!
2619	!-- Continue yawing
2620	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2621	ENDIF
2622
2623	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2624
2625	ENDIF
2626
2627	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2628
2629
2630	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2631	! Description:
2632	! ------------
2633	!> Initialization of the speed control
2634	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2635	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2636
2637
2638	IMPLICIT NONE
2639
2640	!
2641	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2642	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2643	!
2644	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2645	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2646	!
2647	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2648	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2649	!
2650	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2651	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2652	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2653	!
2654	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2655	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2656	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2657	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2658	!
2659	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2660	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2661	!
2662	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2663	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2664	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2665	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2666	ENDIF
2667
2668	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2669
2670
2671	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2672	! Description:
2673	! ------------
2674	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2675	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2676	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2677
2678
2679	IMPLICIT NONE
2680
2681	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2682
2683
2684
2685	!
2686	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2687	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2688	!-- offshore system developement"
2689
2690	!
2691	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2692	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2693	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2694	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2695	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2696
2697	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2698	!
2699	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2700	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2701
2702	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2703	!
2704	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2705	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2706
2707	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2708	!
2709	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2710	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2711	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2712
2713	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2714	!
2715	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2716	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2717
2718	ELSE
2719	!
2720	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2721	!-- keep the power constant:
2722	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2723
2724	ENDIF
2725	!
2726	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2727	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2728	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2729	!
2730	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2731	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2732	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2733	!
2734	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2735	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2736
2737
2738	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2739
2740
2741	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2742	! Description:
2743	! ------------
2744	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2745	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2746	!> Call for all grid points
2747	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2748	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
2749
2750
2751	IMPLICIT NONE
2752
2753	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2754	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2755	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2756	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2757
2758
2759	SELECT CASE ( component )
2760
2761	CASE ( 1 )
2762	!
2763	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2764	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2765	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2766	DO j = nysg, nyng
2767	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2768	!
2769	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2770	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2771	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2772	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2773	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2774
2775	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2776	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2777	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2778	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2779	ENDDO
2780	ENDDO
2781	ENDDO
2782	ENDIF
2783
2784	CASE ( 2 )
2785	!
2786	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2787	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2788	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2789	DO j = nysg, nyng
2790	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2791	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2792	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2793	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2794	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2795	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2796	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2797	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2798	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2799	ENDDO
2800	ENDDO
2801	ENDDO
2802	ENDIF
2803
2804	CASE ( 3 )
2805	!
2806	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2807	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2808	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2809	DO j = nysg, nyng
2810	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2811	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2812	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2813	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2814	ENDDO
2815	ENDDO
2816	ENDDO
2817	ENDIF
2818
2819
2820	CASE DEFAULT
2821
2822	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2823	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2824
2825	END SELECT
2826
2827
2828	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
2829
2830
2831	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2832	! Description:
2833	! ------------
2834	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2835	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2836	!> Call for grid point i,j
2837	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2838	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
2839
2840
2841	IMPLICIT NONE
2842
2843	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2844	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2845	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2846	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2847
2848	SELECT CASE ( component )
2849
2850	CASE ( 1 )
2851	!
2852	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2853	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2854	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2855	!
2856	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2857	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2858	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2859	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2860	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2861	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2862	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2863	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2864	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2865	ENDDO
2866	ENDIF
2867
2868	CASE ( 2 )
2869	!
2870	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2871	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2872	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2873	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2874	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2875	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2876	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2877	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2878	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2879	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2880	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2881	ENDDO
2882	ENDIF
2883
2884	CASE ( 3 )
2885	!
2886	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2887	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2888	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2889	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2890	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2891	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2892	ENDDO
2893	ENDIF
2894
2895
2896	CASE DEFAULT
2897
2898	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2899	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2900
2901	END SELECT
2902
2903
2904	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
2905
2906	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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