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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4460

Last change on this file since 4460 was 4460, checked in by oliver.maas, 5 years ago
allow for simulating up to 10 000 wind turbines
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 146.8 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANYr
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2019 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4460 2020-03-12 16:47:30Z oliver.maas $
28	! allow for simulating up to 10 000 wind turbines
29	!
30	! 4459 2020-03-12 09:35:23Z oliver.maas
31	! avoid division by zero in tip loss correction factor calculation
32	!
33	! 4457 2020-03-11 14:20:43Z raasch
34	! use statement for exchange horiz added
35	!
36	! 4447 2020-03-06 11:05:30Z oliver.maas
37	! renamed wind_turbine_parameters namelist variables
38	!
39	! 4438 2020-03-03 20:49:28Z suehring
40	! Bugfix: shifted netcdf preprocessor directive to correct position
41	!
42	! 4436 2020-03-03 12:47:02Z oliver.maas
43	! added optional netcdf data input for wtm array input parameters
44	!
45	! 4426 2020-02-27 10:02:19Z oliver.maas
46	! define time as unlimited dimension so that no maximum number
47	! of time steps has to be given for wtm_data_output
48	!
49	! 4423 2020-02-25 07:17:11Z maronga
50	! Switched to serial output as data is aggerated before anyway.
51	!
52	! 4420 2020-02-24 14:13:56Z maronga
53	! Added output control for wind turbine model
54	!
55	! 4412 2020-02-19 14:53:13Z maronga
56	! Bugfix: corrected character length in dimension_names
57	!
58	! 4411 2020-02-18 14:28:02Z maronga
59	! Added output in NetCDF format using DOM (only netcdf4-parallel is supported).
60	! Old ASCII output is still available at the moment.
61	!
62	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
63	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
64	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
65	!
66	! 4343 2019-12-17 12:26:12Z oliver.maas
67	! replaced <= by < in line 1464 to ensure that ialpha will not be
68	! greater than dlen
69	!
70	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
71	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
72	!
73	! 4326 2019-12-06 14:16:14Z oliver.maas
74	! changed format of turbine control output to allow for higher
75	! torque and power values
76	!
77	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
78	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
79	!
80	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
81	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
82	!
83	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
84	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort
85	! will happen for location values that are not implemented as CASE statements
86	! but are already realized in the code (e.g. pt-tendency)
87	!
88	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
89	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
90	! of additional debug messages
91	!
92	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
93	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
94	!
95	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
96	! instrumented with openmp directives
97	!
98	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
99	! unused variables removed
100	!
101	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
102	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
103	!
104	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
105	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
106	!
107	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
108	! Initial revision
109	!
110	!
111	! Description:
112	! ------------
113	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
114	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
115	!> (ADM-R).
116	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
117	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
118	!> yaw.
119	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
120	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
121	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
122	!> automatically).
123	!>
124	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
125	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
126	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
127	!> @todo Generate header information
128	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
129	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
130	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
131	!> @todo Include additional output variables
132	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
133	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
134	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
135	!
136	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
137	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
138
139	USE arrays_3d, &
140	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
141
142	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
143	ONLY: pi
144
145	USE control_parameters, &
146	ONLY: coupling_char, &
147	debug_output, &
148	dt_3d, dz, end_time, message_string, time_since_reference_point,&
149	wind_turbine, initializing_actions, origin_date_time
150
151	USE cpulog, &
152	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
153
154	USE data_output_module
155
156	USE grid_variables, &
157	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
158
159	USE indices, &
160	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
161	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_total_0
162
163	USE kinds
164
165	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
166	ONLY: check_existence, &
167	close_input_file, &
168	get_variable, &
169	input_pids_wtm, &
170	inquire_num_variables, &
171	inquire_variable_names, &
172	input_file_wtm, &
173	num_var_pids, &
174	open_read_file, &
175	pids_id, &
176	vars_pids
177
178	USE pegrid
179
180
181	IMPLICIT NONE
182
183	PRIVATE
184
185	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: n_turbines_max = 10000 !< maximum number of turbines (for array allocation)
186
187	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: variable_name !< name of output variable
188	CHARACTER(LEN=30) :: nc_filename
189
190	!
191	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
192
193	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_airfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
194	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_turbines = 1 !< number of turbines
195
196
197	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: output_values_1d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
198	REAL(wp), POINTER :: output_values_0d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
199	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: output_values_1d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
200	REAL(wp), TARGET :: output_values_0d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
201
202	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
203	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
204	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
205	LOGICAL :: tip_loss_correction = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
206
207	LOGICAL :: initial_write_coordinates = .FALSE.
208
209	REAL(wp) :: dt_data_output_wtm = 0.0_wp !< data output interval
210	REAL(wp) :: time_wtm = 0.0_wp !< time since last data output
211
212
213	REAL(wp) :: segment_length_tangential = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
214	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
215	REAL(wp) :: segment_width_radial = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
216	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
217	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
218	REAL(wp) :: tilt_angle = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt_angle of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
219
220
221	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: tower_diameter = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
222	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max), TARGET :: rotor_speed = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
223	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: yaw_angle = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
224	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: pitch_angle = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
225	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_x = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
226	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_y = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
227	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_z = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
228	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: nacelle_radius = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
229	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: rotor_radius = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
230	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: nacelle_cd = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
231	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: tower_cd = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
232
233	!
234	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
235	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
236
237	REAL(wp) :: generator_power_rated = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
238	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
239	REAL(wp) :: rotor_inertia = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
240	REAL(wp) :: generator_inertia = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
241	REAL(wp) :: generator_efficiency = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
242	REAL(wp) :: gear_efficiency = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
243	REAL(wp) :: air_density = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
244	REAL(wp) :: generator_speed_rated = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
245	REAL(wp) :: generator_torque_max = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
246	REAL(wp) :: region_2_slope = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
247	REAL(wp) :: region_2_min = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
248	REAL(wp) :: region_15_min = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
249	REAL(wp) :: generator_torque_rate_max = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
250	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
251
252
253	!
254	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
255
256	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
257	REAL(wp) :: yaw_misalignment_max = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
258	REAL(wp) :: yaw_misalignment_min = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
259
260	!
261	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
262	TYPE file_status
263	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
264	END TYPE file_status
265
266	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
267	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
268
269	!
270	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
271
272	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
273	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
274	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
275	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
276	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
277
278	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
279
280	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
281	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
282	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
283	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
284	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
285	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
286	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
287	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
288
289	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
290
291	!
292	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
293	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
294	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
295	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
296	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
297	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
298	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
299
300	!
301	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
306
307	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
308	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
309
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
312
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
315
316	!
317	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
318
319	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
320	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
321	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
322	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
323	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
324	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
325	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
326	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
327	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
328	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
329	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
330	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
331	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
332	!
333	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
334	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
335	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
336	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
337	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
338	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
339
340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
349
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
352
353	!
354	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
361
362	!
363	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
367
368	!
369	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
373
374	!
375	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
378	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
379
380	!
381	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
384	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
385	!
386	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
388
389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
395	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
398
399	!
400	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
401
402	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
403
404	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
405	REAL(wp) :: region_25_min !< min region 2.5
406	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
407	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
408	REAL(wp) :: region_25_slope !< slope in region 2.5
409	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
410	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
411	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
412
413	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(n_turbines_max) :: rotor_speed_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
414
415	!
416	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
417
418	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
419	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yaw_angle_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
420	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
421	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
422	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
423	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
424	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
425	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
426	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
427	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
428	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
429	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
430	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
431
432	!
433	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
434	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: pitch_angle_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
435	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
436	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
437	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
438	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
439	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
440	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
441
442
443	SAVE
444
445
446	INTERFACE wtm_parin
447	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
448	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
449
450	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
451	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
452	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
453
454	INTERFACE wtm_data_output
455	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_data_output
456	END INTERFACE wtm_data_output
457
458	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
459	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
460	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
461
462	INTERFACE wtm_init
463	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
464	END INTERFACE wtm_init
465
466	INTERFACE wtm_init_output
467	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_output
468	END INTERFACE wtm_init_output
469
470	INTERFACE wtm_actions
471	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
472	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
473	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
474
475	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
476	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
477	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
478
479	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
480	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
481	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
482
483
484	PUBLIC &
485	dt_data_output_wtm, &
486	time_wtm, &
487	wind_turbine
488
489	PUBLIC &
490	wtm_parin, &
491	wtm_check_parameters, &
492	wtm_data_output, &
493	wtm_init_arrays, &
494	wtm_init_output, &
495	wtm_init, &
496	wtm_actions, &
497	wtm_rrd_global, &
498	wtm_wrd_global
499
500
501	CONTAINS
502
503
504	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
505	! Description:
506	! ------------
507	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
508	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
509	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
510
511	IMPLICIT NONE
512
513	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
514
515	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
516	air_density, tower_diameter, dt_data_output_wtm, &
517	gear_efficiency, gear_ratio, generator_efficiency, &
518	generator_inertia, rotor_inertia, yaw_misalignment_max, &
519	generator_torque_max, generator_torque_rate_max, yaw_misalignment_min, &
520	region_15_min, region_2_min, n_airfoils, n_turbines, &
521	rotor_speed, yaw_angle, pitch_angle, pitch_control, &
522	generator_speed_rated, generator_power_rated, hub_x, hub_y, hub_z,&
523	nacelle_radius, rotor_radius, segment_length_tangential, segment_width_radial, &
524	region_2_slope, speed_control, tilt_angle, time_turbine_on, &
525	tower_cd, pitch_rate, &
526	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tip_loss_correction
527	! , nacelle_cd
528
529	!
530	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
531	REWIND ( 11 )
532	line = ' '
533	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
534	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
535	ENDDO
536	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
537
538	!
539	!-- Read user-defined namelist
540	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10, END = 12 )
541	!
542	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
543	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
544
545	GOTO 12
546
547	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
548	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
549	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
550
551	12 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
552
553	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
554
555
556	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
557	! Description:
558	! ------------
559	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
560	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
561	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
562
563
564	IMPLICIT NONE
565
566
567	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed' )
568	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed
569
570	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_f' )
571	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_f
572
573	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_f_old' )
574	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_f_old
575
576	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_old' )
577	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_old
578
579	CALL wrd_write_string( 'rotor_speed' )
580	WRITE ( 14 ) rotor_speed
581
582	CALL wrd_write_string( 'yaw_angle' )
583	WRITE ( 14 ) yaw_angle
584
585	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_angle' )
586	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_angle
587
588	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_angle_old' )
589	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_angle_old
590
591	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
592	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
593
594	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
595	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
596
597
598	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
599
600
601	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
602	! Description:
603	! ------------
604	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
605	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
606	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
607
608
609	USE control_parameters, &
610	ONLY: length, restart_string
611
612
613	IMPLICIT NONE
614
615	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
616
617
618	found = .TRUE.
619
620
621	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
622
623	CASE ( 'generator_speed' )
624	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed
625	CASE ( 'generator_speed_f' )
626	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_f
627	CASE ( 'generator_speed_f_old' )
628	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_f_old
629	CASE ( 'generator_speed_old' )
630	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_old
631	CASE ( 'rotor_speed' )
632	READ ( 13 ) rotor_speed
633	CASE ( 'yaw_angle' )
634	READ ( 13 ) yaw_angle
635	CASE ( 'pitch_angle' )
636	READ ( 13 ) pitch_angle
637	CASE ( 'pitch_angle_old' )
638	READ ( 13 ) pitch_angle_old
639	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
640	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
641	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
642	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
643
644	CASE DEFAULT
645
646	found = .FALSE.
647
648	END SELECT
649
650
651	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
652
653
654	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
655	! Description:
656	! ------------
657	!> Check namelist parameter
658	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
659	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
660
661	IMPLICIT NONE
662
663	IF ( .NOT. input_pids_wtm ) THEN
664	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
665	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
666	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
667	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
668	ENDIF
669
670	IF ( ANY( rotor_speed(1:n_turbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
671	message_string = 'rotor_speed < 0.0, Please set rotor_speed to ' // &
672	'a value equal or larger than zero'
673	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
674	ENDIF
675
676
677	IF ( ANY( hub_x(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
678	ANY( hub_y(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
679	ANY( hub_z(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
680
681	message_string = 'hub_x, hub_y, hub_z ' // &
682	'have to be given for each turbine.'
683	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
684	ENDIF
685	ENDIF
686
687	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
688	!
689
690	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
691	! Description:
692	! ------------
693	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
694	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
695	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
696
697	IMPLICIT NONE
698
699	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
700	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
701
702	#if defined( __netcdf )
703	!
704	! Read wtm input file (netcdf) if it exists
705	IF ( input_pids_wtm ) THEN
706
707	!
708	!-- Open the wtm input file
709	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_wtm ) // &
710	TRIM( coupling_char ), pids_id )
711
712	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
713
714	!
715	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them
716	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
717	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
718
719	!
720	!-- Input of all wtm parameters
721	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'tower_diameter' ) ) THEN
722	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'tower_diameter', tower_diameter(1:n_turbines))
723	ENDIF
724
725	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rotor_speed' ) ) THEN
726	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rotor_speed', rotor_speed(1:n_turbines))
727	ENDIF
728
729	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'pitch_angle' ) ) THEN
730	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'pitch_angle', pitch_angle(1:n_turbines))
731	ENDIF
732
733	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'yaw_angle' ) ) THEN
734	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'yaw_angle', yaw_angle(1:n_turbines))
735	ENDIF
736
737	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_x' ) ) THEN
738	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_x', hub_x(1:n_turbines))
739	ENDIF
740
741	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_y' ) ) THEN
742	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_y', hub_y(1:n_turbines))
743	ENDIF
744
745	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_z' ) ) THEN
746	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_z', hub_z(1:n_turbines))
747	ENDIF
748
749	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'nacelle_radius' ) ) THEN
750	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'nacelle_radius', nacelle_radius(1:n_turbines))
751	ENDIF
752
753	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rotor_radius' ) ) THEN
754	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rotor_radius', rotor_radius(1:n_turbines))
755	ENDIF
756	!
757	! IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'nacelle_cd' ) ) THEN
758	! CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'nacelle_cd', nacelle_cd(1:n_turbines))
759	! ENDIF
760
761	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'tower_cd' ) ) THEN
762	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'tower_cd', tower_cd(1:n_turbines))
763	ENDIF
764	!
765	!-- Close wtm input file
766	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
767
768	ENDIF
769	#endif
770
771	!
772	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
773	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
774
775	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:n_turbines) )
776	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:n_turbines) )
777
778	nrings(:) = 0
779	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
780
781	!
782	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
783	delta_r_factor = segment_width_radial
784	delta_t_factor = segment_length_tangential
785	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
786
787	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
788	!
789	!-- Determine number of rings:
790	nrings(inot) = NINT( rotor_radius(inot) / delta_r_init )
791
792	delta_r(inot) = rotor_radius(inot) / nrings(inot)
793
794	ENDDO
795
796	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
797
798	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:n_turbines) )
799	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:n_turbines) )
800
801	nsegs(:,:) = 0
802	nsegs_total(:) = 0
803
804
805	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
806	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
807	!
808	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
809	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
810	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
811	delta_t_factor ) )
812	ENDDO
813	!
814	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
815	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
816
817	ENDDO
818
819	!
820	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
821	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
822
823	!!
824	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
825	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
826	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
827	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
828	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
829	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
830	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
831	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
832	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
833	! ENDIF
834
835
836	!
837	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
838	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:n_turbines) )
839	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:n_turbines) )
840	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:n_turbines) )
841	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:n_turbines) )
842	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:n_turbines) )
843	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:n_turbines) )
844	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:n_turbines) )
845	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:n_turbines) )
846
847	!
848	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
849	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:n_turbines) )
850	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:n_turbines) )
851	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:n_turbines) )
852	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:n_turbines) )
853	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:n_turbines) )
854	ALLOCATE( yaw_angle_l(1:n_turbines) )
855
856	!
857	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
858	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
859	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
860	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
861	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
862	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
863	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
864	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
865	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
866	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
867	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
868
869	!
870	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
871	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
872	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
873	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
874	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
875	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
876	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
877
878	!
879	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
880	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
881	ALLOCATE( roty(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
882	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
883
884	!
885	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
886	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
887	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
888	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
889	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
890	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
891	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
892	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
893	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
894
895	!
896	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
897	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
898	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
899	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
900	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
901	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
902	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
903
904	!
905	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
906	i_hub(:) = 0
907	i_smear(:) = 0
908	j_hub(:) = 0
909	j_smear(:) = 0
910	k_hub(:) = 0
911	k_smear(:) = 0
912
913	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
914	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
915
916	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
917	generator_speed(:) = 0.0_wp
918	generator_speed_old(:) = 0.0_wp
919	generator_speed_f(:) = 0.0_wp
920	generator_speed_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
921	pitch_angle_old(:) = 0.0_wp
922	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
923	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
924	ENDIF
925
926	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
927	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
928	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
929	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
930	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
931	yaw_angle_l(:) = 0.0_wp
932
933	!
934	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
935	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
936	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
937	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
938	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
939	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
940	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
941	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
942	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
943	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
944	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
945
946	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
947	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
948	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
949	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
950	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
951	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
952
953	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
954	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
955	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
956
957	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
958	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
959	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
960	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
961	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
962	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
963	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
964	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
965
966	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
967	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
968	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
969	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
970	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
971	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
972
973
974	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
975
976
977	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
978	! Description:
979	! ------------
980	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
981	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
982	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
983
984
985	USE control_parameters, &
986	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
987
988	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
989	ONLY: exchange_horiz
990
991	IMPLICIT NONE
992
993
994
995	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
996	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
997	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
998
999
1000	!
1001	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
1002	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
1003
1004	!
1005	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
1006	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
1007	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
1008
1009	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
1010
1011	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
1012	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
1013	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
1014	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
1015
1016	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
1017
1018	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:n_turbines) )
1019	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:n_turbines) )
1020	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:n_turbines) )
1021	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:n_turbines) )
1022
1023	!
1024	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1025	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
1026	!-- (smearing of the forces)
1027	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1028	!
1029	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
1030	!-- be calculated:
1031
1032	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
1033	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
1034	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
1035	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
1036	!
1037	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
1038	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
1039	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
1040	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
1041	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
1042	!
1043	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
1044	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
1045	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
1046	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
1047	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(hub_z(1:n_turbines)) + &
1048	MAXVAL(rotor_radius(1:n_turbines)) + &
1049	eps_min) THEN
1050	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
1051	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
1052	'greater than ',MAXVAL(hub_z(1:n_turbines)) &
1053	+ MAXVAL(rotor_radius(1:n_turbines)) + eps_min
1054	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1055	ENDIF
1056	!
1057	!-- Square of eps_min:
1058	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
1059	!
1060	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
1061	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
1062	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1063	!
1064	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
1065	!-- function:
1066	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1067
1068	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1069	tilt_angle = tilt_angle * pi / 180.0_wp
1070
1071	!
1072	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1073	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1074	yaw_angle(:) = yaw_angle(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1075	ENDIF
1076
1077
1078	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1079	!
1080	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1081	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1082
1083	!
1084	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1085	i_hub(inot) = INT( hub_x(inot) / dx )
1086	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1087	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
1088
1089	!
1090	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1091	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1092	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1093	!-- function of eps_min:
1094	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1095	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1096	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1097
1098	ENDDO
1099
1100	!
1101	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1102	!-- rotor_speed for the respective processor.
1103	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1104
1105	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
1106
1107	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1108
1109	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1110
1111	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1112	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1113	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1114	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1115	ENDIF
1116
1117	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1118	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1119	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1120	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1121	ENDIF
1122
1123	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1124	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1125	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1126	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1127	ENDIF
1128
1129	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1130	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1131	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1132	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1133	ENDIF
1134
1135	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1136	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1137
1138	rotor_speed_l(inot) = generator_speed(inot) / gear_ratio
1139
1140	ENDIF
1141	ENDIF
1142
1143	END DO
1144
1145	ENDIF
1146
1147	ENDIF
1148
1149	!
1150	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1151	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1152	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1153	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1154	!
1155	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1156	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1157
1158	!
1159	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1160	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1161	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1162
1163	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1164
1165	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1166
1167
1168	DO inot = 1, n_turbines ! loop over number of turbines
1169	!
1170	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1171	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1172	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1173	i = i_hub(inot)
1174
1175	!
1176	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1177	!-- grid point indices):
1178	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) - nacelle_radius(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1179	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) + nacelle_radius(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1180	!
1181	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1182	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1183	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1184	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1185	!-- in grid box 1.
1186	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) - nacelle_radius(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1187	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) + nacelle_radius(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1188
1189	!
1190	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1191	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1192	tower_n = ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1193	tower_s = ( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1194
1195	!
1196	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1197	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1198	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1199
1200	DO j = nys, nyn
1201	!
1202	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1203	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1204
1205	DO k = nzb, nzt
1206
1207	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1208	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1209	!
1210	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1211	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1212	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1213	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1214	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1215	( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1216	tower_cd(inot)
1217	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1218	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1219	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1220	( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) - &
1221	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1222	tower_cd(inot)
1223	!
1224	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1225	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1226	ELSE
1227	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1228	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1229	dy * tower_cd(inot)
1230	ENDIF
1231	!
1232	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1233	ELSE
1234	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1235	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1236	tower_diameter(inot) * tower_cd(inot)
1237	ENDIF
1238	!
1239	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1240	!-- are carried out:
1241	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1242
1243	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1244	!
1245	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1246	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1247	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1248	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1249	( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) &
1250	) * tower_cd(inot)
1251	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1252	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1253	( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) - &
1254	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1255	) * tower_cd(inot)
1256	!
1257	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1258	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1259	ELSE
1260	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1261	tower_cd(inot)
1262	ENDIF
1263	!
1264	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1265	ELSE
1266	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * tower_diameter(inot) * &
1267	tower_cd(inot)
1268	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1269
1270	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1271
1272	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1273
1274	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1275
1276	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1277
1278	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1279
1280
1281	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1282
1283	!
1284	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1285	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1286	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1287	!!
1288	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1289	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1290	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1291	!
1292	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1293	!
1294	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1295	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1296	! sqrt_arg = nacelle_radius(inot)2 - ( yvalue - hub_y(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1297	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1298	!!
1299	!!-- bottom intersection point
1300	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = hub_z(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1301	!!
1302	!!-- top intersection point
1303	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = hub_z(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1304	! ELSE
1305	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1306	! ENDIF
1307	! ENDDO
1308	!
1309	!
1310	! DO j = nys, nyn
1311	!!
1312	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1313	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1314	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1315	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1316	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1317	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1318	!!
1319	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1320	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1321	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1322	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1323	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1324	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1325	!!
1326	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1327	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1328	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1329	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1330	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1331	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1332	! dz_int = dz
1333	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1334	!!
1335	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1336	!!-- within the current grid box:
1337	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1338	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1339	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1340	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1341	! ENDIF
1342	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1343	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1344	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1345	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1346	! ENDIF
1347	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1348	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1349	! ENDIF
1350	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1351	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1352	! ENDIF
1353	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1354	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1355	! dy_int * dz_int * nacelle_cd(inot)
1356	! ENDIF
1357	! ENDDO
1358	! ENDIF
1359	! ENDDO
1360	! ENDIF
1361	!
1362	! ENDDO
1363	!
1364	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1365
1366	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1367
1368	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1369	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1370
1371	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1372
1373	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
1374
1375	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1376
1377
1378
1379	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_output
1380
1381
1382	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps !< number of timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1383	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps_max = 80000 !< number of maximum timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1384	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
1385
1386	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< running index
1387
1388	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ndim !< dummy to write dimension
1389
1390
1391	!
1392	!-- Create NetCDF output file
1393	nc_filename = 'DATA_1D_TS_WTM_NETCDF' // TRIM( coupling_char )
1394	return_value = dom_def_file( nc_filename, 'netcdf4-serial' )
1395
1396	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
1397	!
1398	!-- Define dimensions in output file
1399	ALLOCATE( ndim(1:n_turbines) )
1400	DO n = 1, n_turbines
1401	ndim(n) = n
1402	ENDDO
1403	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1404	dimension_name = 'turbine', &
1405	output_type = 'int32', &
1406	bounds = (/1_iwp, n_turbines/), &
1407	values_int32 = ndim )
1408	DEALLOCATE( ndim )
1409
1410	!
1411	!-- time
1412	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1413	dimension_name = 'time', &
1414	output_type = 'real32', &
1415	bounds = (/1_iwp/), &
1416	values_realwp = (/0.0_wp/) )
1417
1418	!
1419	!-- x
1420	variable_name = 'x'
1421	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1422	variable_name = variable_name, &
1423	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1424	output_type = 'real32' )
1425	!
1426	!-- y
1427	variable_name = 'y'
1428	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1429	variable_name = variable_name, &
1430	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1431	output_type = 'real32' )
1432
1433	variable_name = 'z'
1434	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1435	variable_name = variable_name, &
1436	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1437	output_type = 'real32' )
1438
1439
1440	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1441	variable_name = 'time', &
1442	attribute_name = 'units', &
1443	value = 'seconds since ' // origin_date_time )
1444
1445	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1446	variable_name = 'x', &
1447	attribute_name = 'units', &
1448	value = 'm' )
1449
1450	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1451	variable_name = 'y', &
1452	attribute_name = 'units', &
1453	value = 'm' )
1454
1455	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1456	variable_name = 'z', &
1457	attribute_name = 'units', &
1458	value = 'm' )
1459
1460	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1461	variable_name = 'x', &
1462	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1463	value = 'x location of rotor center' )
1464
1465	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1466	variable_name = 'y', &
1467	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1468	value = 'y location of rotor center' )
1469
1470	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1471	variable_name = 'z', &
1472	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1473	value = 'z location of rotor center' )
1474
1475
1476	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1477	variable_name = 'turbine_name', &
1478	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1479	value = 'turbine name')
1480
1481	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1482	variable_name = 'time', &
1483	attribute_name = 'standard_name', &
1484	value = 'time')
1485
1486	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1487	variable_name = 'time', &
1488	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1489	value = 'T')
1490
1491	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1492	variable_name = 'x', &
1493	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1494	value = 'X' )
1495
1496	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1497	variable_name = 'y', &
1498	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1499	value = 'Y' )
1500
1501
1502	variable_name = 'rotor_speed'
1503	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1504	variable_name = variable_name, &
1505	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1506	output_type = 'real32' )
1507
1508	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1509	variable_name = variable_name, &
1510	attribute_name = 'units', &
1511	value = 'rad/s' )
1512
1513	variable_name = 'generator_speed'
1514	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1515	variable_name = variable_name, &
1516	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1517	output_type = 'real32' )
1518
1519	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1520	variable_name = variable_name, &
1521	attribute_name = 'units', &
1522	value = 'rad/s' )
1523
1524
1525	variable_name = 'generator_torque'
1526	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1527	variable_name = variable_name, &
1528	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1529	output_type = 'real32' )
1530
1531	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1532	variable_name = variable_name, &
1533	attribute_name = 'units', &
1534	value = 'Nm' )
1535
1536	variable_name = 'rotor_torque'
1537	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1538	variable_name = variable_name, &
1539	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1540	output_type = 'real32' )
1541
1542	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1543	variable_name = variable_name, &
1544	attribute_name = 'units', &
1545	value = 'Nm' )
1546
1547	variable_name = 'pitch_angle'
1548	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1549	variable_name = variable_name, &
1550	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1551	output_type = 'real32' )
1552
1553	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1554	variable_name = variable_name, &
1555	attribute_name = 'units', &
1556	value = 'degrees' )
1557
1558	variable_name = 'generator_power'
1559	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1560	variable_name = variable_name, &
1561	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1562	output_type = 'real32' )
1563
1564	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1565	variable_name = variable_name, &
1566	attribute_name = 'units', &
1567	value = 'W' )
1568
1569	variable_name = 'rotor_power'
1570	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1571	variable_name = variable_name, &
1572	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1573	output_type = 'real32' )
1574
1575	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1576	variable_name = variable_name, &
1577	attribute_name = 'units', &
1578	value = 'W' )
1579
1580	variable_name = 'rotor_thrust'
1581	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1582	variable_name = variable_name, &
1583	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1584	output_type = 'real32' )
1585
1586	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1587	variable_name = variable_name, &
1588	attribute_name = 'units', &
1589	value = 'N' )
1590
1591
1592	variable_name = 'wind_direction'
1593	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1594	variable_name = variable_name, &
1595	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1596	output_type = 'real32' )
1597
1598	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1599	variable_name = variable_name, &
1600	attribute_name = 'units', &
1601	value = 'degrees' )
1602
1603	variable_name = 'yaw_angle'
1604	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1605	variable_name = variable_name, &
1606	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1607	output_type = 'real32' )
1608
1609	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1610	variable_name = variable_name, &
1611	attribute_name = 'units', &
1612	value = 'degrees' )
1613
1614	ENDIF
1615	END SUBROUTINE
1616
1617	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1618	! Description:
1619	! ------------
1620	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1621	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1622	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1623	!
1624	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1625
1626
1627	IMPLICIT NONE
1628
1629	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1630	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1631
1632	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1633
1634	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1635
1636	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1637	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1638	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1639	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1640	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1641	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1642	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1643	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1644	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1645	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1646
1647	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1648	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1649	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1650
1651	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1652	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1653
1654	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1655	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1656	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1657	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1658	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1659
1660	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1661	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1662	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1663	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1664	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1665
1666	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*n_airfoils+1) )
1667
1668	!
1669	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1670	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1671
1672	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1673
1674	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1675	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1676	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1677	ENDIF
1678	!
1679	!-- Read distribution table:
1680
1681	dlen = 0
1682
1683	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1684
1685	rloop3: DO
1686	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1687	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1688	dlen = dlen + 1
1689	ENDDO rloop3
1690
1691	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1692
1693	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1694	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1695	ENDDO
1696
1697	DO jj = 1,dlen
1698	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1699	ENDDO
1700
1701	!
1702	!-- Read layout table:
1703
1704	dlen = 0
1705
1706	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1707
1708	rloop1: DO
1709	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1710	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1711	dlen = dlen + 1
1712	ENDDO rloop1
1713
1714	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1715	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1716	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1717	ENDDO
1718	DO jj = 1, dlen
1719	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1720	ENDDO
1721
1722	!
1723	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1724
1725	dlen = 0
1726
1727	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1728
1729	rloop2: DO
1730	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1731	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1732	dlen = dlen + 1
1733	ENDDO rloop2
1734
1735	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:n_airfoils), &
1736	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:n_airfoils) )
1737
1738	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1739	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1740	ENDDO
1741
1742	DO jj = 1,dlen
1743	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1744	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1745	DO ii= 1, n_airfoils
1746	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1747	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1748	ENDDO
1749
1750	ENDDO
1751
1752	dlenbl = dlen
1753
1754	CLOSE ( 90 )
1755
1756	!
1757	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rotor_radius(1)=63m)
1758	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1759	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1760	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1761	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1762
1763	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1764	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1765	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1766	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1767
1768	radres = INT( rotor_radius(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1769	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1770
1771	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1772	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1773
1774	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1775
1776	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1777	!
1778	!-- Find position in table 1
1779	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1780	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1781
1782	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
1783	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1784	ENDIF
1785
1786	trow = lct(1)
1787	!
1788	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1789	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1790	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1791	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1792	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1793
1794	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1795	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1796	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1797	ENDIF
1798
1799	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1800	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1801	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1802	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1803	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1804
1805	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1806	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1807	! explicitly
1808	ELSE
1809	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1810	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1811	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1812	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1813	!
1814	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1815	!-- explicitly
1816	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1817	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1818	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1819	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1820	ENDIF
1821
1822	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1823
1824	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1825	ialpha = 1
1826
1827	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha < dlen ) )
1828	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1829	ENDDO
1830
1831	!
1832	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1833	!-- segments and angles of attack
1834
1835	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1836	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1837	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1838	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1839	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1840	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1841	( alpha_attack_i - &
1842	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1843	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1844	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1845	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1846	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1847	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1848	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1849	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1850	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1851	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1852	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1853	( alpha_attack_i - &
1854	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1855	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1856	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1857	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1858	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1859
1860	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1861
1862	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1863
1864
1865	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1866
1867
1868	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1869	! Description:
1870	! ------------
1871	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1872	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1873	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1874	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1875
1876
1877	IMPLICIT NONE
1878
1879	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1880	!
1881	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1882	!-- the rotors
1883	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1884	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1885	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1886
1887	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1888	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1889	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1890
1891	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1892	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1893	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1894
1895	!
1896	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1897	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1898
1899	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1900	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1901	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1902	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1903	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1904	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1905	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1906	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1907	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1908	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1909	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1910	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1911	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1912	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1913	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1914	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1915	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1916	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1917	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1918	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1919	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1920	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1921	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1922	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1923
1924	!
1925	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1926	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1927	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1928	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1929	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1930
1931	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1932
1933
1934	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1935	! Description:
1936	! ------------
1937	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1938	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1939	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1940
1941
1942	IMPLICIT NONE
1943
1944	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1945
1946	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1947	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1948	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1949	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1950	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1951	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1952
1953	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1954	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1955	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1956
1957	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1958	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1959
1960	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1961
1962
1963	!
1964	! Variables for pitch control
1965	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
1966
1967	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
1968	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
1969
1970	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1971
1972
1973	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1974
1975
1976	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1977
1978	!
1979	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1980	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1981	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1982	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1983	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1984	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1985	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1986	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1987	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1988	!
1989	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1990	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1991
1992	cos_yaw = COS(yaw_angle(inot))
1993	sin_yaw = SIN(yaw_angle(inot))
1994	!
1995	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1996
1997	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
1998	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
1999	!$OMP DO
2000	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2001
2002	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
2003	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
2004	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
2005	!
2006	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2007	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
2008
2009	!
2010	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2011	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2012	!
2013	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2014	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
2015	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2016	!
2017	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
2018	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
2019	!-- with y-axis):
2020	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2021	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
2022	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
2023
2024	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
2025	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
2026	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2027	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2028	re(3) = sin_rot
2029
2030	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2031	!
2032	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2033	rbx(ring,rseg) = hub_x(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2034	rby(ring,rseg) = hub_y(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2035	rbz(ring,rseg) = hub_z(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2036
2037	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2038	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
2039	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
2040	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
2041	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2042
2043	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2044	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2045
2046	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2047	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2048
2049	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2050	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2051
2052	!
2053	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
2054
2055	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
2056	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2057	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2058	!
2059	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2060	!-- the current PE:
2061	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2062	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2063
2064	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2065	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2066	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
2067	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2068	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2069	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2070	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
2071	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2072	gg = dx * dy
2073
2074	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
2075	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2076	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2077	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2078	) / gg
2079
2080	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2081	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2082	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2083	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2084	) / gg
2085
2086	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
2087	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2088	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
2089
2090	ELSE
2091	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2092	ENDIF
2093	ELSE
2094	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2095	ENDIF
2096
2097
2098	!
2099	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
2100	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2101	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
2102	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2103	!
2104	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2105	!-- the current PE:
2106	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2107	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2108
2109	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2110	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2111	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2112	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2113	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2114	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2115	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2116	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2117	gg = dx * dy
2118
2119	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
2120	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2121	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2122	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2123	) / gg
2124
2125	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2126	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2127	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2128	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2129	) / gg
2130
2131	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
2132	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2133	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
2134
2135	ELSE
2136	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2137	ENDIF
2138	ELSE
2139	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2140	ENDIF
2141
2142
2143	!
2144	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
2145	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2146	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2147	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
2148	!
2149	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2150	!-- the current PE:
2151	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2152	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2153
2154	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2155	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2156	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2157	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2158	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2159	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2160	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2161	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2162	gg = dx * dy
2163
2164	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
2165	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2166	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2167	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2168	) / gg
2169
2170	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2171	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2172	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2173	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2174	) / gg
2175
2176	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
2177	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2178	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
2179	ELSE
2180	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2181	ENDIF
2182	ELSE
2183	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2184	ENDIF
2185
2186	ENDDO
2187	ENDDO
2188	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2189
2190	ENDDO
2191
2192	!
2193	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
2194	#if defined( __parallel )
2195	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2196	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2197	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2198	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2199	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2200	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2201	#else
2202	u_int = u_int_1_l
2203	v_int = v_int_1_l
2204	w_int = w_int_1_l
2205	#endif
2206
2207
2208	!
2209	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2210
2211	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2212	pit_loop: DO
2213
2214	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
2215	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
2216	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
2217	pitch_angle(inot) = pitch_angle(inot) + 0.25_wp
2218	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_angle(inot)
2219	ELSE
2220	cos_yaw = COS(yaw_angle(inot))
2221	sin_yaw = SIN(yaw_angle(inot))
2222	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2223	pitch_angle(inot) = MAX(pitch_angle_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
2224	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
2225	ENDIF
2226	ENDIF
2227
2228	!
2229	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
2230	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
2231	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
2232	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
2233	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
2234	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
2235	!$OMP DO
2236	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2237	!
2238	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2239	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
2240	!
2241	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2242	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2243	!
2244	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
2245	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
2246	!-- with y-axis):
2247	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2248	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
2249	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
2250	!
2251	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
2252	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
2253	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2254	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2255	re(3) = sin_rot
2256
2257	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
2258	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
2259	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
2260	rea(3) = cos_rot
2261
2262	!
2263	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
2264	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
2265	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
2266	ren(1) = cos_yaw
2267	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
2268	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
2269	!
2270	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
2271	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
2272	!-- tilt:
2273	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2274	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
2275	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
2276	!
2277	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2278	rbx(ring,rseg) = hub_x(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2279
2280	rby(ring,rseg) = hub_y(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2281
2282	rbz(ring,rseg) = hub_z(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2283
2284	!
2285	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2286	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
2287	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2288	!
2289	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
2290	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
2291	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
2292	!-- coordinates y' and z.
2293	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
2294	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
2295	!
2296	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
2297	!
2298	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2299	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
2300	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2301	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2302	!
2303	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
2304	!-- direction:
2305	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2306	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2307	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2308	!
2309	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
2310	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
2311
2312	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN2( u_rot , &
2313	( rotor_speed(inot) * cur_r - &
2314	vtheta(rseg) ) )
2315
2316	!
2317	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
2318	!-- to the current radial position:
2319
2320	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2321	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2322
2323	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2324	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2325	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2326	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2327	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2328	ELSE
2329	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2330	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2331	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2332	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2333	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2334	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2335	ENDIF
2336
2337	!
2338	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2339	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2340	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2341	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2342	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2343	!
2344	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2345	!-- angle of attack:
2346	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2347	!
2348	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2349	!-- to angles given in degree:
2350	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2351	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2352	!
2353	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2354	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_angle(inot)
2355
2356	!
2357	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2358	!-- to the rotor:
2359	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2360	( rotor_speed(inot) * cur_r - &
2361	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2362
2363	!
2364	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2365	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2366	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2367	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2368
2369	!
2370	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2371	!-- the current radial position:
2372
2373	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2374	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2375	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2376	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2377	ELSE
2378	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2379	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2380	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2381	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2382	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2383	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2384	ENDIF
2385
2386	!
2387	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2388	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2389	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2390	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2391	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2392	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2393	!
2394	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2395	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2396	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2397	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2398	!
2399	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2400	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2401	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2402	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2403
2404	!
2405	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2406	!-- angles given in radian:
2407	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2408	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2409
2410	IF ( tip_loss_correction ) THEN
2411
2412	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2413	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2414	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2415	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2416	!--
2417	IF ( phi_rel(rseg) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2418	tl_factor = 1.0_wp
2419	ELSE
2420	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2421	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rotor_radius(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2422	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2423	ENDIF
2424
2425	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2426
2427	ENDIF
2428	!
2429	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2430	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2431	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2432
2433	!
2434	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2435
2436	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2437	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2438
2439	!
2440	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2441	!-- for each ring segment:
2442	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2443	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2444	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2445
2446	!
2447	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2448	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2449	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2450	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2451	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2452	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2453	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2454	!
2455	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2456	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2457	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2458
2459	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2460	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2461
2462	!
2463	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2464	!$OMP CRITICAL
2465	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2466	thrust_seg(rseg)
2467
2468
2469	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2470	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2471
2472	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2473
2474	!
2475	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2476	!-- each ring:
2477	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2478	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2479	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2480
2481
2482	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2483	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2484
2485
2486	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2487
2488
2489	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2490	!
2491	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2492
2493	!
2494	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2495	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2496	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2497	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_density * gear_efficiency - &
2498	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2499	( rotor_inertia + &
2500	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * generator_inertia ) * dt_3d
2501
2502	!
2503	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2504	!-- and rotor speed
2505	generator_speed(inot) = gear_ratio * ( rotor_speed(inot) + om_rate )
2506
2507	ENDIF
2508
2509	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2510
2511	!
2512	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2513	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2514	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2515	!-- gain
2516	IF ( ( generator_speed(inot) > generator_speed_rated ) .AND. &
2517	( pitch_angle(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2518	( pitch_angle(inot) < pitch_angle_old(inot) + &
2519	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2520	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2521	!
2522	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2523	CYCLE pit_loop
2524	ENDIF
2525
2526	!
2527	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2528	pitch_angle_old(inot) = pitch_angle(inot)
2529	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2530	ENDIF
2531	EXIT pit_loop
2532	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2533
2534
2535	!
2536	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2537
2538	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2539	!
2540	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2541	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2542	THEN
2543	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2544	THEN
2545	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2546	ENDIF
2547	ENDIF
2548
2549	ENDIF
2550
2551
2552	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2553
2554	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2555
2556
2557	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2558	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2559	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2560	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2561	!
2562	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2563	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2564	!
2565	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2566	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2567	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2568	!-- consideration
2569	!
2570	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2571	!-- of the model domain:
2572	!
2573	!--
2574	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2575	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2576	eps_min ) / dx )
2577	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2578	eps_min ) / dy )
2579
2580	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2581	!$OMP DO
2582	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2583	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2584	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2585	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2586	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2587	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2588	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2589	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2590	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2591	!
2592	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2593	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2594
2595	!
2596	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2597	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2598	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2599	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2600	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2601	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2602	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2603	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2604	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2605	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2606	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2607
2608	!
2609	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2610	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2611	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2612	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2613	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2614	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2615	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2616	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2617	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2618	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2619	flag
2620	ENDIF
2621	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2622	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2623	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2624	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2625	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2626	flag
2627	ENDIF
2628	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2629	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2630	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2631	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2632	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2633	flag
2634	ENDIF
2635
2636	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2637	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2638
2639	!
2640	!-- Rotation of force components:
2641	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2642	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2643	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2644	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2645	) * flag
2646
2647	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2648	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2649	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2650	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2651	) * flag
2652
2653	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2654	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2655	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2656	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2657	) * flag
2658
2659	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2660	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2661	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2662	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2663
2664	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2665
2666	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2667
2668
2669	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2670	!
2671	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2672	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2673	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2674	WDLON = MAX( 1 , NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 30s running mean array
2675	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:n_turbines,1:WDLON) )
2676	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2677	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2678
2679	WDSHO = MAX( 1 , NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 2s running mean array
2680	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:n_turbines,1:WDSHO) )
2681	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2682	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2683	start_up = .FALSE.
2684	ENDIF
2685
2686	!
2687	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2688	!--
2689	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2690	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2691	!
2692	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2693	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2694	THEN
2695	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2696	THEN
2697
2698	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2699
2700	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2701	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2702	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2703	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2704	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2705
2706	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2707
2708	yaw_angle_l(inot) = yaw_angle(inot)
2709
2710	ENDIF
2711	ENDIF
2712
2713	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2714
2715	!
2716	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2717	#if defined( __parallel )
2718	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, &
2719	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2720	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2721	comm2d, ierr )
2722	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( yaw_angle_l, yaw_angle, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, &
2723	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2724	#else
2725	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2726	wdir = wdir_l
2727	yaw_angle = yaw_angle_l
2728
2729
2730	#endif
2731	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2732	!
2733	!-- Update rotor orientation
2734	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2735
2736	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2737
2738	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2739
2740	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2741	!
2742	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2743	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( generator_speed, generator_speed_old, n_turbines, &
2744	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2745	#if defined( __parallel )
2746	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, n_turbines, &
2747	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2748	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( rotor_speed_l, rotor_speed, n_turbines, &
2749	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2750	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( generator_speed_f, generator_speed_f_old, n_turbines, &
2751	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2752	#else
2753	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2754	rotor_speed = rotor_speed_l
2755	generator_speed_f_old = generator_speed_f
2756	#endif
2757
2758	ENDIF
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2764
2765
2766
2767	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2768	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2769	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) time_since_reference_point, rotor_speed(inot), &
2770	generator_speed(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2771	torque_total(inot), pitch_angle(inot), &
2772	torque_gen_old(inot)generator_speed(inot)generator_efficiency, &
2773	torque_total(inot)rotor_speed(inot)air_density, &
2774	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2775	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2776	(yaw_angle(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2777
2778	ELSE
2779
2780	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2781	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2782	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2783	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2784	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2785	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) time_since_reference_point, rotor_speed(inot), &
2786	generator_speed(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2787	torque_total(inot), pitch_angle(inot), &
2788	torque_gen_old(inot)generator_speed(inot)generator_efficiency, &
2789	torque_total(inot)rotor_speed(inot)air_density, &
2790	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2791	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2792	(yaw_angle(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2793	ENDIF
2794	ENDIF
2795
2796	!-- Set open flag
2797	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2798	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2799
2800
2801
2802	ENDIF
2803
2804
2805	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2806
2807	!
2808	!-- Formats
2809	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2810	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2811	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed GenTorque AeroTorque ', &
2812	'Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) RotThrust WDirection ', &
2813	'YawOrient')
2814
2815	106 FORMAT (F9.2,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F12.1,3X,F12.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F12.1,2X, &
2816	F12.1,1X,F12.1,4X,F7.2,4X,F7.2)
2817
2818
2819
2820	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2821
2822
2823	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2824	! Description:
2825	! ------------
2826	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2827	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2828	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2829
2830	USE kinds
2831
2832	IMPLICIT NONE
2833
2834	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2835	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2836	REAL(wp) :: missal
2837
2838	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2839
2840	!
2841	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2842	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2843	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2844	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
2845	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2846	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2847	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2848	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2849	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2850	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2851	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2852	!
2853	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2854	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2855	!
2856	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2857	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2858	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2859	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2860	!
2861	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2862	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2863
2864	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - yaw_angle(inot)
2865	!
2866	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than yaw_misalignment_max
2867	IF ( ABS( missal ) > yaw_misalignment_max ) THEN
2868	!
2869	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2870	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2871	!
2872	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2873	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2874	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2875	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2876	ENDIF
2877	ENDIF
2878
2879	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2880
2881	!
2882	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2883	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2884	!-- than yaw_misalignment_min
2885
2886	ELSE
2887	!
2888	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2889	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2890	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2891	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2892	!
2893	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2894	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2895	!
2896	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2897	missal = SUM( wd2_l - yaw_angle(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2898	!
2899	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2900	!-- yaw direction is still right
2901	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > yaw_misalignment_min ) .AND. &
2902	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2903	!
2904	!-- Continue yawing
2905	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2906	ELSE
2907	!
2908	!-- Stop yawing
2909	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2910	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2911	ENDIF
2912	ELSE
2913	!
2914	!-- Continue yawing
2915	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2916	ENDIF
2917
2918	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2919
2920	ENDIF
2921
2922	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2923
2924
2925	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2926	! Description:
2927	! ------------
2928	!> Initialization of the speed control
2929	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2930	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2931
2932
2933	IMPLICIT NONE
2934
2935	!
2936	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2937	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2938	!
2939	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2940	slope15 = ( region_2_slope * region_2_min * region_2_min ) / &
2941	( region_2_min - region_15_min )
2942	!
2943	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2944	vs_sysp = generator_speed_rated / 1.1_wp
2945	!
2946	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2947	region_25_slope = ( generator_power_rated / generator_speed_rated ) / &
2948	( generator_speed_rated - vs_sysp )
2949	!
2950	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2951	region_25_min = ( region_25_slope - SQRT( region_25_slope * &
2952	( region_25_slope - 4.0_wp * region_2_slope * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2953	( 2.0_wp * region_2_slope )
2954	!
2955	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2956	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2957	!
2958	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2959	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2960	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2961	torque_gen_old(:) = generator_torque_max
2962	ENDIF
2963
2964	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2965
2966
2967	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2968	! Description:
2969	! ------------
2970	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2971	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2972	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2973
2974
2975	IMPLICIT NONE
2976
2977	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2978
2979
2980
2981	!
2982	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2983	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2984	!-- offshore system developement"
2985
2986	!
2987	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2988	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2989	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2990	generator_speed_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * generator_speed(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2991	generator_speed_f_old(inot)
2992
2993	IF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_15_min ) THEN
2994	!
2995	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2996	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2997
2998	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_2_min ) THEN
2999	!
3000	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
3001	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( generator_speed_f(inot) - region_15_min )
3002
3003	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_25_min ) THEN
3004	!
3005	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
3006	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
3007	torque_gen(inot) = region_2_slope * generator_speed_f(inot) * generator_speed_f(inot)
3008
3009	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) < generator_speed_rated ) THEN
3010	!
3011	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
3012	torque_gen(inot) = region_25_slope * ( generator_speed_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
3013
3014	ELSE
3015	!
3016	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
3017	!-- keep the power constant:
3018	torque_gen(inot) = generator_power_rated / generator_speed_f(inot)
3019
3020	ENDIF
3021	!
3022	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
3023	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
3024	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * generator_torque_rate_max ), &
3025	generator_torque_rate_max )
3026	!
3027	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
3028	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
3029	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), generator_torque_max )
3030	!
3031	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
3032	rotor_speed_l(inot) = generator_speed(inot) / gear_ratio
3033
3034
3035	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
3036
3037
3038	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3039	! Description:
3040	! ------------
3041	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
3042	!> flow components (tendency terms)
3043	!> Call for all grid points
3044	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3045	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
3046
3047
3048	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
3049
3050	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3051	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3052	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3053
3054
3055	SELECT CASE ( location )
3056
3057	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
3058
3059	CALL wtm_forces
3060
3061	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
3062	!
3063	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
3064	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3065	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3066	DO j = nysg, nyng
3067	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3068	!
3069	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
3070	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3071	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3072	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3073	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3074
3075	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
3076	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
3077	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3078	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
3079	ENDDO
3080	ENDDO
3081	ENDDO
3082	ENDIF
3083
3084	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
3085	!
3086	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
3087	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3088	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3089	DO j = nysg, nyng
3090	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3091	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3092	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3093	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3094	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3095	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
3096	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
3097	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3098	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
3099	ENDDO
3100	ENDDO
3101	ENDDO
3102	ENDIF
3103
3104	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3105	!
3106	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3107	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3108	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3109	DO j = nysg, nyng
3110	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3111	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
3112	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3113	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3114	ENDDO
3115	ENDDO
3116	ENDDO
3117	ENDIF
3118
3119
3120	CASE DEFAULT
3121	CONTINUE
3122
3123	END SELECT
3124
3125
3126	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
3127
3128
3129	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3130	! Description:
3131	! ------------
3132	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
3133	!> flow components (tendency terms)
3134	!> Call for grid point i,j
3135	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3136	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
3137
3138
3139	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
3140	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3141	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3142	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3143
3144	SELECT CASE ( location )
3145
3146	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
3147
3148	CALL wtm_forces
3149
3150	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
3151	!
3152	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
3153	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3154	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3155	!
3156	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
3157	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3158	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3159	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3160	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3161	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
3162	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
3163	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3164	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
3165	ENDDO
3166	ENDIF
3167
3168	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
3169	!
3170	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
3171	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3172	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3173	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3174	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3175	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3176	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3177	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
3178	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
3179	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3180	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
3181	ENDDO
3182	ENDIF
3183
3184	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3185	!
3186	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3187	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3188	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3189	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
3190	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3191	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3192	ENDDO
3193	ENDIF
3194
3195
3196	CASE DEFAULT
3197	CONTINUE
3198
3199	END SELECT
3200
3201
3202	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
3203
3204
3205	SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3206
3207
3208	INTEGER(iwp) :: t_ind = 0 !< time index
3209
3210	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
3211
3212	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
3213
3214	!
3215	!-- At the first call of this routine write the spatial coordinates.
3216	IF ( .NOT. initial_write_coordinates ) THEN
3217	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:n_turbines) )
3218	output_values_1d_target = hub_x(1:n_turbines)
3219	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3220	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3221	'x', &
3222	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3223	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3224	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3225
3226	output_values_1d_target = hub_y(1:n_turbines)
3227	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3228	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3229	'y', &
3230	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3231	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3232	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3233
3234	output_values_1d_target = hub_z(1:n_turbines)
3235	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3236	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3237	'z', &
3238	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3239	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3240	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3241
3242	initial_write_coordinates = .TRUE.
3243	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3244	ENDIF
3245
3246	t_ind = t_ind + 1
3247
3248	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:n_turbines) )
3249	output_values_1d_target = rotor_speed(:)
3250	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3251
3252	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3253	'rotor_speed', &
3254	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3255	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3256	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3257
3258	output_values_1d_target = generator_speed(:)
3259	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3260	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3261	'generator_speed', &
3262	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3263	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3264	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3265
3266	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)
3267	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3268
3269	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3270	'generator_torque', &
3271	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3272	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3273	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3274
3275	output_values_1d_target = torque_total(:)
3276	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3277
3278	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3279	'rotor_torque', &
3280	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3281	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3282	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3283
3284	output_values_1d_target = pitch_angle(:)
3285	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3286
3287	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3288	'pitch_angle', &
3289	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3290	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3291	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3292
3293	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)generator_speed(:)generator_efficiency
3294	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3295
3296	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3297	'generator_power', &
3298	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3299	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3300	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3301
3302	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
3303	output_values_1d_target(inot) = torque_total(inot)rotor_speed(inot)air_density
3304	ENDDO
3305	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3306
3307	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3308	'rotor_power', &
3309	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3310	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3311	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3312
3313	output_values_1d_target = thrust_rotor(:)
3314	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3315
3316	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3317	'rotor_thrust', &
3318	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3319	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3320	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3321
3322	output_values_1d_target = wdir(:)*180.0_wp/pi
3323	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3324
3325	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3326	'wind_direction', &
3327	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3328	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3329	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3330
3331	output_values_1d_target = (yaw_angle(:))*180.0_wp/pi
3332	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3333
3334	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3335	'yaw_angle', &
3336	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3337	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3338	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3339
3340	output_values_0d_target = time_since_reference_point
3341	output_values_0d_pointer => output_values_0d_target
3342
3343	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3344	'time', &
3345	values_realwp_0d = output_values_0d_pointer, &
3346	bounds_start = (/t_ind/), &
3347	bounds_end = (/t_ind/) )
3348
3349	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3350
3351	ENDIF
3352
3353	END SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3354
3355	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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