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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4459

Last change on this file since 4459 was 4459, checked in by oliver.maas, 4 years ago
avoid division by zero in tip loss correction factor calculation
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File size: 146.4 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANYr
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2019 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4459 2020-03-12 09:35:23Z oliver.maas $
28	! avoid division by zero in tip loss correction factor calculation
29	!
30	! 4457 2020-03-11 14:20:43Z raasch
31	! use statement for exchange horiz added
32	!
33	! 4447 2020-03-06 11:05:30Z oliver.maas
34	! renamed wind_turbine_parameters namelist variables
35	!
36	! 4438 2020-03-03 20:49:28Z suehring
37	! Bugfix: shifted netcdf preprocessor directive to correct position
38	!
39	! 4436 2020-03-03 12:47:02Z oliver.maas
40	! added optional netcdf data input for wtm array input parameters
41	!
42	! 4426 2020-02-27 10:02:19Z oliver.maas
43	! define time as unlimited dimension so that no maximum number
44	! of time steps has to be given for wtm_data_output
45	!
46	! 4423 2020-02-25 07:17:11Z maronga
47	! Switched to serial output as data is aggerated before anyway.
48	!
49	! 4420 2020-02-24 14:13:56Z maronga
50	! Added output control for wind turbine model
51	!
52	! 4412 2020-02-19 14:53:13Z maronga
53	! Bugfix: corrected character length in dimension_names
54	!
55	! 4411 2020-02-18 14:28:02Z maronga
56	! Added output in NetCDF format using DOM (only netcdf4-parallel is supported).
57	! Old ASCII output is still available at the moment.
58	!
59	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
60	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
61	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
62	!
63	! 4343 2019-12-17 12:26:12Z oliver.maas
64	! replaced <= by < in line 1464 to ensure that ialpha will not be
65	! greater than dlen
66	!
67	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
68	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
69	!
70	! 4326 2019-12-06 14:16:14Z oliver.maas
71	! changed format of turbine control output to allow for higher
72	! torque and power values
73	!
74	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
75	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
76	!
77	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
78	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
79	!
80	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
81	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort
82	! will happen for location values that are not implemented as CASE statements
83	! but are already realized in the code (e.g. pt-tendency)
84	!
85	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
86	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
87	! of additional debug messages
88	!
89	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
90	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
91	!
92	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
93	! instrumented with openmp directives
94	!
95	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
96	! unused variables removed
97	!
98	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
99	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
100	!
101	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
102	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
103	!
104	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
105	! Initial revision
106	!
107	!
108	! Description:
109	! ------------
110	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
111	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
112	!> (ADM-R).
113	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
114	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
115	!> yaw.
116	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
117	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
118	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
119	!> automatically).
120	!>
121	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
122	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
123	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
124	!> @todo Generate header information
125	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
126	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
127	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
128	!> @todo Include additional output variables
129	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
130	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
131	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
132	!
133	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
134	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
135
136	USE arrays_3d, &
137	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
138
139	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
140	ONLY: pi
141
142	USE control_parameters, &
143	ONLY: coupling_char, &
144	debug_output, &
145	dt_3d, dz, end_time, message_string, time_since_reference_point,&
146	wind_turbine, initializing_actions, origin_date_time
147
148	USE cpulog, &
149	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
150
151	USE data_output_module
152
153	USE grid_variables, &
154	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
155
156	USE indices, &
157	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
158	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_total_0
159
160	USE kinds
161
162	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
163	ONLY: check_existence, &
164	close_input_file, &
165	get_variable, &
166	input_pids_wtm, &
167	inquire_num_variables, &
168	inquire_variable_names, &
169	input_file_wtm, &
170	num_var_pids, &
171	open_read_file, &
172	pids_id, &
173	vars_pids
174
175	USE pegrid
176
177
178	IMPLICIT NONE
179
180	PRIVATE
181
182
183
184	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: variable_name !< name of output variable
185	CHARACTER(LEN=30) :: nc_filename
186
187	!
188	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
189
190	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_airfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
191	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_turbines = 1 !< number of turbines
192
193
194
195	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: output_values_1d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
196	REAL(wp), POINTER :: output_values_0d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
197	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: output_values_1d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
198	REAL(wp), TARGET :: output_values_0d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
199
200	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
201	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
202	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
203	LOGICAL :: tip_loss_correction = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
204
205	LOGICAL :: initial_write_coordinates = .FALSE.
206
207	REAL(wp) :: dt_data_output_wtm = 0.0_wp !< data output interval
208	REAL(wp) :: time_wtm = 0.0_wp !< time since last data output
209
210
211	REAL(wp) :: segment_length_tangential = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
212	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
213	REAL(wp) :: segment_width_radial = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
214	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
215	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
216	REAL(wp) :: tilt_angle = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt_angle of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
217
218
219	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: tower_diameter = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
220	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100), TARGET :: rotor_speed = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
221	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: yaw_angle = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
222	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_angle = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
223	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: hub_x = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
224	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: hub_y = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
225	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: hub_z = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
226	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: nacelle_radius = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
227	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rotor_radius = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
228	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: nacelle_cd = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
229	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: tower_cd = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
230
231	!
232	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
233	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
234
235	REAL(wp) :: generator_power_rated = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
236	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
237	REAL(wp) :: rotor_inertia = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
238	REAL(wp) :: generator_inertia = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
239	REAL(wp) :: generator_efficiency = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
240	REAL(wp) :: gear_efficiency = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
241	REAL(wp) :: air_density = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
242	REAL(wp) :: generator_speed_rated = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
243	REAL(wp) :: generator_torque_max = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
244	REAL(wp) :: region_2_slope = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
245	REAL(wp) :: region_2_min = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
246	REAL(wp) :: region_15_min = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
247	REAL(wp) :: generator_torque_rate_max = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
248	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
249
250
251	!
252	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
253
254	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
255	REAL(wp) :: yaw_misalignment_max = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
256	REAL(wp) :: yaw_misalignment_min = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
257
258	!
259	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
260	TYPE file_status
261	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
262	END TYPE file_status
263
264	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
265	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
266
267	!
268	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
269
270	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
271	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
272	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
273	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
274	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
275
276	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
277
278	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
279	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
280	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
281	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
282	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
283	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
284	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
285	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
286
287	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
288
289	!
290	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
291	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
292	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
293	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
294	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
295	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
296	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
297
298	!
299	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
304
305	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
306	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
307
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
310
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
313
314	!
315	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
316
317	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
318	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
319	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
320	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
321	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
322	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
323	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
324	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
325	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
326	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
327	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
328	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
329	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
330	!
331	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
332	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
333	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
334	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
335	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
336	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
337
338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
347
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
350
351	!
352	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
359
360	!
361	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
365
366	!
367	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
371
372	!
373	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
377
378	!
379	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
383	!
384	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
386
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
395	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
396
397	!
398	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
399
400	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
401
402	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
403	REAL(wp) :: region_25_min !< min region 2.5
404	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
405	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
406	REAL(wp) :: region_25_slope !< slope in region 2.5
407	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
408	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
409	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
410
411	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: rotor_speed_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
412
413	!
414	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
415
416	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
417	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yaw_angle_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
418	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
419	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
420	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
421	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
422	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
423	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
424	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
425	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
426	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
427	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
428	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
429
430	!
431	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
432	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_angle_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
433	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: generator_speed = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
434	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: generator_speed_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
435	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: generator_speed_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
436	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: generator_speed_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
437	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
438	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
439
440
441	SAVE
442
443
444	INTERFACE wtm_parin
445	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
446	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
447
448	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
449	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
450	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
451
452	INTERFACE wtm_data_output
453	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_data_output
454	END INTERFACE wtm_data_output
455
456	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
457	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
458	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
459
460	INTERFACE wtm_init
461	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
462	END INTERFACE wtm_init
463
464	INTERFACE wtm_init_output
465	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_output
466	END INTERFACE wtm_init_output
467
468	INTERFACE wtm_actions
469	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
470	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
471	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
472
473	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
474	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
475	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
476
477	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
478	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
479	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
480
481
482	PUBLIC &
483	dt_data_output_wtm, &
484	time_wtm, &
485	wind_turbine
486
487	PUBLIC &
488	wtm_parin, &
489	wtm_check_parameters, &
490	wtm_data_output, &
491	wtm_init_arrays, &
492	wtm_init_output, &
493	wtm_init, &
494	wtm_actions, &
495	wtm_rrd_global, &
496	wtm_wrd_global
497
498
499	CONTAINS
500
501
502	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
503	! Description:
504	! ------------
505	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
506	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
507	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
508
509	IMPLICIT NONE
510
511	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
512
513	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
514	air_density, tower_diameter, dt_data_output_wtm, &
515	gear_efficiency, gear_ratio, generator_efficiency, &
516	generator_inertia, rotor_inertia, yaw_misalignment_max, &
517	generator_torque_max, generator_torque_rate_max, yaw_misalignment_min, &
518	region_15_min, region_2_min, n_airfoils, n_turbines, &
519	rotor_speed, yaw_angle, pitch_angle, pitch_control, &
520	generator_speed_rated, generator_power_rated, hub_x, hub_y, hub_z,&
521	nacelle_radius, rotor_radius, segment_length_tangential, segment_width_radial, &
522	region_2_slope, speed_control, tilt_angle, time_turbine_on, &
523	tower_cd, pitch_rate, &
524	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tip_loss_correction
525	! , nacelle_cd
526
527	!
528	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
529	REWIND ( 11 )
530	line = ' '
531	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
532	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
533	ENDDO
534	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
535
536	!
537	!-- Read user-defined namelist
538	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10, END = 12 )
539	!
540	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
541	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
542
543	GOTO 12
544
545	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
546	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
547	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
548
549	12 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
550
551	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
552
553
554	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
555	! Description:
556	! ------------
557	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
558	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
559	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
560
561
562	IMPLICIT NONE
563
564
565	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed' )
566	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed
567
568	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_f' )
569	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_f
570
571	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_f_old' )
572	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_f_old
573
574	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_old' )
575	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_old
576
577	CALL wrd_write_string( 'rotor_speed' )
578	WRITE ( 14 ) rotor_speed
579
580	CALL wrd_write_string( 'yaw_angle' )
581	WRITE ( 14 ) yaw_angle
582
583	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_angle' )
584	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_angle
585
586	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_angle_old' )
587	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_angle_old
588
589	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
590	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
591
592	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
593	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
594
595
596	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
597
598
599	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
600	! Description:
601	! ------------
602	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
603	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
604	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
605
606
607	USE control_parameters, &
608	ONLY: length, restart_string
609
610
611	IMPLICIT NONE
612
613	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
614
615
616	found = .TRUE.
617
618
619	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
620
621	CASE ( 'generator_speed' )
622	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed
623	CASE ( 'generator_speed_f' )
624	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_f
625	CASE ( 'generator_speed_f_old' )
626	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_f_old
627	CASE ( 'generator_speed_old' )
628	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_old
629	CASE ( 'rotor_speed' )
630	READ ( 13 ) rotor_speed
631	CASE ( 'yaw_angle' )
632	READ ( 13 ) yaw_angle
633	CASE ( 'pitch_angle' )
634	READ ( 13 ) pitch_angle
635	CASE ( 'pitch_angle_old' )
636	READ ( 13 ) pitch_angle_old
637	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
638	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
639	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
640	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
641
642	CASE DEFAULT
643
644	found = .FALSE.
645
646	END SELECT
647
648
649	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
650
651
652	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
653	! Description:
654	! ------------
655	!> Check namelist parameter
656	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
657	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
658
659	IMPLICIT NONE
660
661	IF ( .NOT. input_pids_wtm ) THEN
662	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
663	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
664	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
665	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
666	ENDIF
667
668	IF ( ANY( rotor_speed(1:n_turbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
669	message_string = 'rotor_speed < 0.0, Please set rotor_speed to ' // &
670	'a value equal or larger than zero'
671	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
672	ENDIF
673
674
675	IF ( ANY( hub_x(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
676	ANY( hub_y(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
677	ANY( hub_z(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
678
679	message_string = 'hub_x, hub_y, hub_z ' // &
680	'have to be given for each turbine.'
681	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
682	ENDIF
683	ENDIF
684
685	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
686	!
687
688	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
689	! Description:
690	! ------------
691	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
692	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
693	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
694
695	IMPLICIT NONE
696
697	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
698	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
699
700	#if defined( __netcdf )
701	!
702	! Read wtm input file (netcdf) if it exists
703	IF ( input_pids_wtm ) THEN
704
705	!
706	!-- Open the wtm input file
707	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_wtm ) // &
708	TRIM( coupling_char ), pids_id )
709
710	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
711
712	!
713	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them
714	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
715	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
716
717	!
718	!-- Input of all wtm parameters
719	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'tower_diameter' ) ) THEN
720	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'tower_diameter', tower_diameter(1:n_turbines))
721	ENDIF
722
723	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rotor_speed' ) ) THEN
724	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rotor_speed', rotor_speed(1:n_turbines))
725	ENDIF
726
727	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'pitch_angle' ) ) THEN
728	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'pitch_angle', pitch_angle(1:n_turbines))
729	ENDIF
730
731	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'yaw_angle' ) ) THEN
732	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'yaw_angle', yaw_angle(1:n_turbines))
733	ENDIF
734
735	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_x' ) ) THEN
736	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_x', hub_x(1:n_turbines))
737	ENDIF
738
739	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_y' ) ) THEN
740	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_y', hub_y(1:n_turbines))
741	ENDIF
742
743	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_z' ) ) THEN
744	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_z', hub_z(1:n_turbines))
745	ENDIF
746
747	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'nacelle_radius' ) ) THEN
748	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'nacelle_radius', nacelle_radius(1:n_turbines))
749	ENDIF
750
751	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rotor_radius' ) ) THEN
752	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rotor_radius', rotor_radius(1:n_turbines))
753	ENDIF
754	!
755	! IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'nacelle_cd' ) ) THEN
756	! CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'nacelle_cd', nacelle_cd(1:n_turbines))
757	! ENDIF
758
759	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'tower_cd' ) ) THEN
760	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'tower_cd', tower_cd(1:n_turbines))
761	ENDIF
762	!
763	!-- Close wtm input file
764	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
765
766	ENDIF
767	#endif
768
769	!
770	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
771	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
772
773	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:n_turbines) )
774	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:n_turbines) )
775
776	nrings(:) = 0
777	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
778
779	!
780	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
781	delta_r_factor = segment_width_radial
782	delta_t_factor = segment_length_tangential
783	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
784
785	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
786	!
787	!-- Determine number of rings:
788	nrings(inot) = NINT( rotor_radius(inot) / delta_r_init )
789
790	delta_r(inot) = rotor_radius(inot) / nrings(inot)
791
792	ENDDO
793
794	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
795
796	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:n_turbines) )
797	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:n_turbines) )
798
799	nsegs(:,:) = 0
800	nsegs_total(:) = 0
801
802
803	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
804	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
805	!
806	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
807	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
808	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
809	delta_t_factor ) )
810	ENDDO
811	!
812	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
813	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
814
815	ENDDO
816
817	!
818	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
819	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
820
821	!!
822	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
823	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
824	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
825	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
826	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
827	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
828	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
829	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
830	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
831	! ENDIF
832
833
834	!
835	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
836	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:n_turbines) )
837	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:n_turbines) )
838	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:n_turbines) )
839	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:n_turbines) )
840	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:n_turbines) )
841	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:n_turbines) )
842	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:n_turbines) )
843	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:n_turbines) )
844
845	!
846	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
847	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:n_turbines) )
848	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:n_turbines) )
849	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:n_turbines) )
850	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:n_turbines) )
851	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:n_turbines) )
852	ALLOCATE( yaw_angle_l(1:n_turbines) )
853
854	!
855	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
856	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
857	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
858	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
859	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
860	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
861	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
862	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
863	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
864	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
865	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
866
867	!
868	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
869	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
870	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
871	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
872	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
873	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
874	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
875
876	!
877	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
878	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
879	ALLOCATE( roty(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
880	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
881
882	!
883	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
884	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
885	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
886	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
887	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
888	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
889	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
890	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
891	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
892
893	!
894	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
895	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
896	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
897	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
898	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
899	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
900	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
901
902	!
903	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
904	i_hub(:) = 0
905	i_smear(:) = 0
906	j_hub(:) = 0
907	j_smear(:) = 0
908	k_hub(:) = 0
909	k_smear(:) = 0
910
911	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
912	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
913
914	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
915	generator_speed(:) = 0.0_wp
916	generator_speed_old(:) = 0.0_wp
917	generator_speed_f(:) = 0.0_wp
918	generator_speed_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
919	pitch_angle_old(:) = 0.0_wp
920	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
921	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
922	ENDIF
923
924	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
925	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
926	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
927	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
928	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
929	yaw_angle_l(:) = 0.0_wp
930
931	!
932	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
933	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
934	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
935	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
936	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
937	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
938	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
939	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
940	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
941	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
942	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
943
944	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
945	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
946	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
947	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
948	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
949	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
950
951	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
952	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
953	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
954
955	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
956	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
957	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
958	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
959	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
960	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
961	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
962	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
963
964	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
965	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
966	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
967	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
968	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
969	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
970
971
972	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
973
974
975	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
976	! Description:
977	! ------------
978	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
979	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
980	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
981
982
983	USE control_parameters, &
984	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
985
986	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
987	ONLY: exchange_horiz
988
989	IMPLICIT NONE
990
991
992
993	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
994	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
995	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
996
997
998	!
999	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
1000	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
1001
1002	!
1003	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
1004	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
1005	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
1006
1007	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
1008
1009	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
1010	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
1011	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
1012	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
1013
1014	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
1015
1016	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:n_turbines) )
1017	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:n_turbines) )
1018	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:n_turbines) )
1019	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:n_turbines) )
1020
1021	!
1022	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1023	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
1024	!-- (smearing of the forces)
1025	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1026	!
1027	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
1028	!-- be calculated:
1029
1030	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
1031	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
1032	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
1033	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
1034	!
1035	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
1036	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
1037	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
1038	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
1039	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
1040	!
1041	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
1042	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
1043	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
1044	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
1045	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(hub_z(1:n_turbines)) + &
1046	MAXVAL(rotor_radius(1:n_turbines)) + &
1047	eps_min) THEN
1048	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
1049	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
1050	'greater than ',MAXVAL(hub_z(1:n_turbines)) &
1051	+ MAXVAL(rotor_radius(1:n_turbines)) + eps_min
1052	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1053	ENDIF
1054	!
1055	!-- Square of eps_min:
1056	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
1057	!
1058	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
1059	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
1060	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1061	!
1062	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
1063	!-- function:
1064	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1065
1066	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1067	tilt_angle = tilt_angle * pi / 180.0_wp
1068
1069	!
1070	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1071	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1072	yaw_angle(:) = yaw_angle(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1073	ENDIF
1074
1075
1076	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1077	!
1078	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1079	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1080
1081	!
1082	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1083	i_hub(inot) = INT( hub_x(inot) / dx )
1084	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1085	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
1086
1087	!
1088	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1089	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1090	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1091	!-- function of eps_min:
1092	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1093	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1094	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1095
1096	ENDDO
1097
1098	!
1099	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1100	!-- rotor_speed for the respective processor.
1101	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1102
1103	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
1104
1105	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1106
1107	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1108
1109	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1110	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1111	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1112	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1113	ENDIF
1114
1115	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1116	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1117	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1118	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1119	ENDIF
1120
1121	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1122	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1123	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1124	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1125	ENDIF
1126
1127	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1128	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1129	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1130	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1131	ENDIF
1132
1133	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1134	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1135
1136	rotor_speed_l(inot) = generator_speed(inot) / gear_ratio
1137
1138	ENDIF
1139	ENDIF
1140
1141	END DO
1142
1143	ENDIF
1144
1145	ENDIF
1146
1147	!
1148	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1149	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1150	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1151	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1152	!
1153	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1154	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1155
1156	!
1157	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1158	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1159	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1160
1161	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1162
1163	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1164
1165
1166	DO inot = 1, n_turbines ! loop over number of turbines
1167	!
1168	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1169	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1170	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1171	i = i_hub(inot)
1172
1173	!
1174	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1175	!-- grid point indices):
1176	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) - nacelle_radius(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1177	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) + nacelle_radius(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1178	!
1179	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1180	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1181	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1182	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1183	!-- in grid box 1.
1184	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) - nacelle_radius(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1185	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) + nacelle_radius(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1186
1187	!
1188	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1189	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1190	tower_n = ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1191	tower_s = ( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1192
1193	!
1194	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1195	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1196	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1197
1198	DO j = nys, nyn
1199	!
1200	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1201	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1202
1203	DO k = nzb, nzt
1204
1205	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1206	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1207	!
1208	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1209	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1210	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1211	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1212	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1213	( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1214	tower_cd(inot)
1215	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1216	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1217	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1218	( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) - &
1219	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1220	tower_cd(inot)
1221	!
1222	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1223	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1224	ELSE
1225	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1226	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1227	dy * tower_cd(inot)
1228	ENDIF
1229	!
1230	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1231	ELSE
1232	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1233	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1234	tower_diameter(inot) * tower_cd(inot)
1235	ENDIF
1236	!
1237	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1238	!-- are carried out:
1239	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1240
1241	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1242	!
1243	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1244	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1245	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1246	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1247	( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) &
1248	) * tower_cd(inot)
1249	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1250	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1251	( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) - &
1252	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1253	) * tower_cd(inot)
1254	!
1255	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1256	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1257	ELSE
1258	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1259	tower_cd(inot)
1260	ENDIF
1261	!
1262	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1263	ELSE
1264	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * tower_diameter(inot) * &
1265	tower_cd(inot)
1266	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1267
1268	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1269
1270	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1271
1272	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1273
1274	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1275
1276	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1277
1278
1279	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1280
1281	!
1282	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1283	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1284	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1285	!!
1286	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1287	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1288	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1289	!
1290	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1291	!
1292	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1293	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1294	! sqrt_arg = nacelle_radius(inot)2 - ( yvalue - hub_y(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1295	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1296	!!
1297	!!-- bottom intersection point
1298	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = hub_z(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1299	!!
1300	!!-- top intersection point
1301	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = hub_z(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1302	! ELSE
1303	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1304	! ENDIF
1305	! ENDDO
1306	!
1307	!
1308	! DO j = nys, nyn
1309	!!
1310	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1311	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1312	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1313	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1314	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1315	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1316	!!
1317	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1318	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1319	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1320	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1321	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1322	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1323	!!
1324	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1325	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1326	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1327	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1328	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1329	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1330	! dz_int = dz
1331	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1332	!!
1333	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1334	!!-- within the current grid box:
1335	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1336	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1337	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1338	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1339	! ENDIF
1340	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1341	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1342	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1343	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1344	! ENDIF
1345	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1346	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1347	! ENDIF
1348	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1349	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1350	! ENDIF
1351	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1352	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1353	! dy_int * dz_int * nacelle_cd(inot)
1354	! ENDIF
1355	! ENDDO
1356	! ENDIF
1357	! ENDDO
1358	! ENDIF
1359	!
1360	! ENDDO
1361	!
1362	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1363
1364	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1365
1366	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1367	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1368
1369	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1370
1371	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
1372
1373	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1374
1375
1376
1377	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_output
1378
1379
1380	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps !< number of timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1381	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps_max = 80000 !< number of maximum timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1382	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
1383
1384	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< running index
1385
1386	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ndim !< dummy to write dimension
1387
1388
1389	!
1390	!-- Create NetCDF output file
1391	nc_filename = 'DATA_1D_TS_WTM_NETCDF' // TRIM( coupling_char )
1392	return_value = dom_def_file( nc_filename, 'netcdf4-serial' )
1393
1394	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
1395	!
1396	!-- Define dimensions in output file
1397	ALLOCATE( ndim(1:n_turbines) )
1398	DO n = 1, n_turbines
1399	ndim(n) = n
1400	ENDDO
1401	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1402	dimension_name = 'turbine', &
1403	output_type = 'int32', &
1404	bounds = (/1_iwp, n_turbines/), &
1405	values_int32 = ndim )
1406	DEALLOCATE( ndim )
1407
1408	!
1409	!-- time
1410	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1411	dimension_name = 'time', &
1412	output_type = 'real32', &
1413	bounds = (/1_iwp/), &
1414	values_realwp = (/0.0_wp/) )
1415
1416	!
1417	!-- x
1418	variable_name = 'x'
1419	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1420	variable_name = variable_name, &
1421	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1422	output_type = 'real32' )
1423	!
1424	!-- y
1425	variable_name = 'y'
1426	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1427	variable_name = variable_name, &
1428	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1429	output_type = 'real32' )
1430
1431	variable_name = 'z'
1432	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1433	variable_name = variable_name, &
1434	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1435	output_type = 'real32' )
1436
1437
1438	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1439	variable_name = 'time', &
1440	attribute_name = 'units', &
1441	value = 'seconds since ' // origin_date_time )
1442
1443	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1444	variable_name = 'x', &
1445	attribute_name = 'units', &
1446	value = 'm' )
1447
1448	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1449	variable_name = 'y', &
1450	attribute_name = 'units', &
1451	value = 'm' )
1452
1453	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1454	variable_name = 'z', &
1455	attribute_name = 'units', &
1456	value = 'm' )
1457
1458	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1459	variable_name = 'x', &
1460	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1461	value = 'x location of rotor center' )
1462
1463	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1464	variable_name = 'y', &
1465	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1466	value = 'y location of rotor center' )
1467
1468	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1469	variable_name = 'z', &
1470	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1471	value = 'z location of rotor center' )
1472
1473
1474	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1475	variable_name = 'turbine_name', &
1476	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1477	value = 'turbine name')
1478
1479	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1480	variable_name = 'time', &
1481	attribute_name = 'standard_name', &
1482	value = 'time')
1483
1484	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1485	variable_name = 'time', &
1486	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1487	value = 'T')
1488
1489	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1490	variable_name = 'x', &
1491	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1492	value = 'X' )
1493
1494	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1495	variable_name = 'y', &
1496	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1497	value = 'Y' )
1498
1499
1500	variable_name = 'rotor_speed'
1501	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1502	variable_name = variable_name, &
1503	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1504	output_type = 'real32' )
1505
1506	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1507	variable_name = variable_name, &
1508	attribute_name = 'units', &
1509	value = 'rad/s' )
1510
1511	variable_name = 'generator_speed'
1512	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1513	variable_name = variable_name, &
1514	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1515	output_type = 'real32' )
1516
1517	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1518	variable_name = variable_name, &
1519	attribute_name = 'units', &
1520	value = 'rad/s' )
1521
1522
1523	variable_name = 'generator_torque'
1524	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1525	variable_name = variable_name, &
1526	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1527	output_type = 'real32' )
1528
1529	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1530	variable_name = variable_name, &
1531	attribute_name = 'units', &
1532	value = 'Nm' )
1533
1534	variable_name = 'rotor_torque'
1535	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1536	variable_name = variable_name, &
1537	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1538	output_type = 'real32' )
1539
1540	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1541	variable_name = variable_name, &
1542	attribute_name = 'units', &
1543	value = 'Nm' )
1544
1545	variable_name = 'pitch_angle'
1546	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1547	variable_name = variable_name, &
1548	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1549	output_type = 'real32' )
1550
1551	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1552	variable_name = variable_name, &
1553	attribute_name = 'units', &
1554	value = 'degrees' )
1555
1556	variable_name = 'generator_power'
1557	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1558	variable_name = variable_name, &
1559	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1560	output_type = 'real32' )
1561
1562	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1563	variable_name = variable_name, &
1564	attribute_name = 'units', &
1565	value = 'W' )
1566
1567	variable_name = 'rotor_power'
1568	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1569	variable_name = variable_name, &
1570	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1571	output_type = 'real32' )
1572
1573	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1574	variable_name = variable_name, &
1575	attribute_name = 'units', &
1576	value = 'W' )
1577
1578	variable_name = 'rotor_thrust'
1579	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1580	variable_name = variable_name, &
1581	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1582	output_type = 'real32' )
1583
1584	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1585	variable_name = variable_name, &
1586	attribute_name = 'units', &
1587	value = 'N' )
1588
1589
1590	variable_name = 'wind_direction'
1591	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1592	variable_name = variable_name, &
1593	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1594	output_type = 'real32' )
1595
1596	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1597	variable_name = variable_name, &
1598	attribute_name = 'units', &
1599	value = 'degrees' )
1600
1601	variable_name = 'yaw_angle'
1602	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1603	variable_name = variable_name, &
1604	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1605	output_type = 'real32' )
1606
1607	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1608	variable_name = variable_name, &
1609	attribute_name = 'units', &
1610	value = 'degrees' )
1611
1612	ENDIF
1613	END SUBROUTINE
1614
1615	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1616	! Description:
1617	! ------------
1618	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1619	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1620	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1621	!
1622	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1623
1624
1625	IMPLICIT NONE
1626
1627	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1628	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1629
1630	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1631
1632	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1633
1634	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1635	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1636	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1637	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1638	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1639	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1640	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1641	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1642	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1643	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1644
1645	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1646	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1647	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1648
1649	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1650	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1651
1652	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1653	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1654	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1655	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1656	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1657
1658	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1659	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1660	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1661	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1662	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1663
1664	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*n_airfoils+1) )
1665
1666	!
1667	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1668	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1669
1670	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1671
1672	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1673	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1674	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1675	ENDIF
1676	!
1677	!-- Read distribution table:
1678
1679	dlen = 0
1680
1681	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1682
1683	rloop3: DO
1684	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1685	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1686	dlen = dlen + 1
1687	ENDDO rloop3
1688
1689	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1690
1691	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1692	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1693	ENDDO
1694
1695	DO jj = 1,dlen
1696	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1697	ENDDO
1698
1699	!
1700	!-- Read layout table:
1701
1702	dlen = 0
1703
1704	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1705
1706	rloop1: DO
1707	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1708	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1709	dlen = dlen + 1
1710	ENDDO rloop1
1711
1712	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1713	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1714	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1715	ENDDO
1716	DO jj = 1, dlen
1717	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1718	ENDDO
1719
1720	!
1721	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1722
1723	dlen = 0
1724
1725	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1726
1727	rloop2: DO
1728	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1729	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1730	dlen = dlen + 1
1731	ENDDO rloop2
1732
1733	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:n_airfoils), &
1734	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:n_airfoils) )
1735
1736	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1737	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1738	ENDDO
1739
1740	DO jj = 1,dlen
1741	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1742	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1743	DO ii= 1, n_airfoils
1744	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1745	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1746	ENDDO
1747
1748	ENDDO
1749
1750	dlenbl = dlen
1751
1752	CLOSE ( 90 )
1753
1754	!
1755	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rotor_radius(1)=63m)
1756	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1757	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1758	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1759	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1760
1761	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1762	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1763	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1764	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1765
1766	radres = INT( rotor_radius(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1767	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1768
1769	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1770	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1771
1772	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1773
1774	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1775	!
1776	!-- Find position in table 1
1777	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1778	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1779
1780	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
1781	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1782	ENDIF
1783
1784	trow = lct(1)
1785	!
1786	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1787	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1788	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1789	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1790	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1791
1792	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1793	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1794	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1795	ENDIF
1796
1797	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1798	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1799	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1800	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1801	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1802
1803	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1804	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1805	! explicitly
1806	ELSE
1807	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1808	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1809	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1810	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1811	!
1812	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1813	!-- explicitly
1814	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1815	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1816	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1817	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1818	ENDIF
1819
1820	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1821
1822	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1823	ialpha = 1
1824
1825	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha < dlen ) )
1826	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1827	ENDDO
1828
1829	!
1830	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1831	!-- segments and angles of attack
1832
1833	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1834	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1835	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1836	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1837	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1838	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1839	( alpha_attack_i - &
1840	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1841	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1842	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1843	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1844	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1845	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1846	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1847	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1848	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1849	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1850	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1851	( alpha_attack_i - &
1852	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1853	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1854	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1855	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1856	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1857
1858	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1859
1860	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1861
1862
1863	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1864
1865
1866	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1867	! Description:
1868	! ------------
1869	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1870	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1871	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1872	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1873
1874
1875	IMPLICIT NONE
1876
1877	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1878	!
1879	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1880	!-- the rotors
1881	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1882	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1883	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1884
1885	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1886	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1887	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1888
1889	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1890	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1891	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1892
1893	!
1894	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1895	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1896
1897	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1898	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1899	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1900	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1901	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1902	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1903	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1904	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1905	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1906	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1907	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1908	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1909	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1910	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1911	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1912	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1913	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1914	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1915	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1916	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1917	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1918	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1919	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1920	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1921
1922	!
1923	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1924	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1925	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1926	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1927	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1928
1929	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1930
1931
1932	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1933	! Description:
1934	! ------------
1935	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1936	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1937	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1938
1939
1940	IMPLICIT NONE
1941
1942	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1943
1944	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1945	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1946	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1947	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1948	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1949	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1950
1951	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1952	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1953	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1954
1955	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1956	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1957
1958	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1959
1960
1961	!
1962	! Variables for pitch control
1963	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
1964
1965	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
1966	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
1967
1968	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1969
1970
1971	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1972
1973
1974	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1975
1976	!
1977	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1978	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1979	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1980	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1981	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1982	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1983	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1984	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1985	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1986	!
1987	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1988	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1989
1990	cos_yaw = COS(yaw_angle(inot))
1991	sin_yaw = SIN(yaw_angle(inot))
1992	!
1993	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1994
1995	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
1996	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
1997	!$OMP DO
1998	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1999
2000	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
2001	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
2002	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
2003	!
2004	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2005	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
2006
2007	!
2008	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2009	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2010	!
2011	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2012	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
2013	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2014	!
2015	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
2016	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
2017	!-- with y-axis):
2018	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2019	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
2020	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
2021
2022	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
2023	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
2024	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2025	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2026	re(3) = sin_rot
2027
2028	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2029	!
2030	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2031	rbx(ring,rseg) = hub_x(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2032	rby(ring,rseg) = hub_y(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2033	rbz(ring,rseg) = hub_z(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2034
2035	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2036	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
2037	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
2038	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
2039	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2040
2041	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2042	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2043
2044	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2045	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2046
2047	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2048	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2049
2050	!
2051	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
2052
2053	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
2054	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2055	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2056	!
2057	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2058	!-- the current PE:
2059	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2060	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2061
2062	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2063	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2064	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
2065	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2066	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2067	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2068	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
2069	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2070	gg = dx * dy
2071
2072	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
2073	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2074	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2075	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2076	) / gg
2077
2078	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2079	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2080	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2081	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2082	) / gg
2083
2084	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
2085	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2086	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
2087
2088	ELSE
2089	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2090	ENDIF
2091	ELSE
2092	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2093	ENDIF
2094
2095
2096	!
2097	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
2098	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2099	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
2100	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2101	!
2102	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2103	!-- the current PE:
2104	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2105	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2106
2107	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2108	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2109	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2110	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2111	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2112	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2113	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2114	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2115	gg = dx * dy
2116
2117	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
2118	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2119	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2120	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2121	) / gg
2122
2123	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2124	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2125	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2126	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2127	) / gg
2128
2129	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
2130	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2131	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
2132
2133	ELSE
2134	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2135	ENDIF
2136	ELSE
2137	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2138	ENDIF
2139
2140
2141	!
2142	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
2143	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2144	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2145	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
2146	!
2147	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2148	!-- the current PE:
2149	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2150	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2151
2152	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2153	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2154	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2155	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2156	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2157	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2158	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2159	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2160	gg = dx * dy
2161
2162	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
2163	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2164	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2165	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2166	) / gg
2167
2168	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2169	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2170	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2171	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2172	) / gg
2173
2174	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
2175	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2176	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
2177	ELSE
2178	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2179	ENDIF
2180	ELSE
2181	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2182	ENDIF
2183
2184	ENDDO
2185	ENDDO
2186	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2187
2188	ENDDO
2189
2190	!
2191	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
2192	#if defined( __parallel )
2193	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2194	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2195	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2196	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2197	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2198	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2199	#else
2200	u_int = u_int_1_l
2201	v_int = v_int_1_l
2202	w_int = w_int_1_l
2203	#endif
2204
2205
2206	!
2207	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2208
2209	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2210	pit_loop: DO
2211
2212	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
2213	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
2214	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
2215	pitch_angle(inot) = pitch_angle(inot) + 0.25_wp
2216	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_angle(inot)
2217	ELSE
2218	cos_yaw = COS(yaw_angle(inot))
2219	sin_yaw = SIN(yaw_angle(inot))
2220	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2221	pitch_angle(inot) = MAX(pitch_angle_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
2222	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
2223	ENDIF
2224	ENDIF
2225
2226	!
2227	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
2228	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
2229	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
2230	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
2231	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
2232	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
2233	!$OMP DO
2234	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2235	!
2236	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2237	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
2238	!
2239	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2240	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2241	!
2242	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
2243	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
2244	!-- with y-axis):
2245	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2246	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
2247	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
2248	!
2249	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
2250	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
2251	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2252	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2253	re(3) = sin_rot
2254
2255	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
2256	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
2257	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
2258	rea(3) = cos_rot
2259
2260	!
2261	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
2262	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
2263	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
2264	ren(1) = cos_yaw
2265	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
2266	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
2267	!
2268	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
2269	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
2270	!-- tilt:
2271	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2272	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
2273	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
2274	!
2275	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2276	rbx(ring,rseg) = hub_x(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2277
2278	rby(ring,rseg) = hub_y(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2279
2280	rbz(ring,rseg) = hub_z(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2281
2282	!
2283	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2284	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
2285	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2286	!
2287	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
2288	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
2289	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
2290	!-- coordinates y' and z.
2291	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
2292	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
2293	!
2294	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
2295	!
2296	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2297	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
2298	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2299	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2300	!
2301	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
2302	!-- direction:
2303	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2304	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2305	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2306	!
2307	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
2308	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
2309
2310	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN2( u_rot , &
2311	( rotor_speed(inot) * cur_r - &
2312	vtheta(rseg) ) )
2313
2314	!
2315	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
2316	!-- to the current radial position:
2317
2318	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2319	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2320
2321	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2322	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2323	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2324	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2325	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2326	ELSE
2327	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2328	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2329	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2330	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2331	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2332	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2333	ENDIF
2334
2335	!
2336	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2337	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2338	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2339	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2340	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2341	!
2342	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2343	!-- angle of attack:
2344	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2345	!
2346	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2347	!-- to angles given in degree:
2348	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2349	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2350	!
2351	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2352	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_angle(inot)
2353
2354	!
2355	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2356	!-- to the rotor:
2357	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2358	( rotor_speed(inot) * cur_r - &
2359	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2360
2361	!
2362	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2363	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2364	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2365	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2366
2367	!
2368	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2369	!-- the current radial position:
2370
2371	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2372	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2373	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2374	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2375	ELSE
2376	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2377	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2378	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2379	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2380	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2381	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2382	ENDIF
2383
2384	!
2385	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2386	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2387	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2388	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2389	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2390	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2391	!
2392	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2393	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2394	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2395	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2396	!
2397	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2398	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2399	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2400	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2401
2402	!
2403	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2404	!-- angles given in radian:
2405	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2406	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2407
2408	IF ( tip_loss_correction ) THEN
2409
2410	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2411	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2412	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2413	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2414	!--
2415	IF ( phi_rel(rseg) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2416	tl_factor = 1.0_wp
2417	ELSE
2418	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2419	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rotor_radius(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2420	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2421	ENDIF
2422
2423	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2424
2425	ENDIF
2426	!
2427	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2428	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2429	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2430
2431	!
2432	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2433
2434	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2435	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2436
2437	!
2438	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2439	!-- for each ring segment:
2440	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2441	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2442	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2443
2444	!
2445	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2446	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2447	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2448	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2449	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2450	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2451	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2452	!
2453	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2454	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2455	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2456
2457	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2458	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2459
2460	!
2461	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2462	!$OMP CRITICAL
2463	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2464	thrust_seg(rseg)
2465
2466
2467	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2468	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2469
2470	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2471
2472	!
2473	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2474	!-- each ring:
2475	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2476	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2477	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2478
2479
2480	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2481	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2482
2483
2484	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2485
2486
2487	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2488	!
2489	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2490
2491	!
2492	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2493	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2494	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2495	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_density * gear_efficiency - &
2496	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2497	( rotor_inertia + &
2498	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * generator_inertia ) * dt_3d
2499
2500	!
2501	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2502	!-- and rotor speed
2503	generator_speed(inot) = gear_ratio * ( rotor_speed(inot) + om_rate )
2504
2505	ENDIF
2506
2507	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2508
2509	!
2510	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2511	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2512	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2513	!-- gain
2514	IF ( ( generator_speed(inot) > generator_speed_rated ) .AND. &
2515	( pitch_angle(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2516	( pitch_angle(inot) < pitch_angle_old(inot) + &
2517	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2518	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2519	!
2520	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2521	CYCLE pit_loop
2522	ENDIF
2523
2524	!
2525	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2526	pitch_angle_old(inot) = pitch_angle(inot)
2527	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2528	ENDIF
2529	EXIT pit_loop
2530	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2531
2532
2533	!
2534	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2535
2536	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2537	!
2538	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2539	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2540	THEN
2541	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2542	THEN
2543	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2544	ENDIF
2545	ENDIF
2546
2547	ENDIF
2548
2549
2550	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2551
2552	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2553
2554
2555	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2556	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2557	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2558	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2559	!
2560	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2561	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2562	!
2563	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2564	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2565	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2566	!-- consideration
2567	!
2568	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2569	!-- of the model domain:
2570	!
2571	!--
2572	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2573	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2574	eps_min ) / dx )
2575	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2576	eps_min ) / dy )
2577
2578	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2579	!$OMP DO
2580	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2581	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2582	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2583	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2584	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2585	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2586	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2587	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2588	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2589	!
2590	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2591	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2592
2593	!
2594	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2595	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2596	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2597	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2598	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2599	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2600	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2601	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2602	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2603	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2604	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2605
2606	!
2607	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2608	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2609	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2610	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2611	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2612	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2613	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2614	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2615	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2616	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2617	flag
2618	ENDIF
2619	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2620	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2621	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2622	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2623	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2624	flag
2625	ENDIF
2626	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2627	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2628	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2629	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2630	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2631	flag
2632	ENDIF
2633
2634	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2635	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2636
2637	!
2638	!-- Rotation of force components:
2639	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2640	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2641	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2642	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2643	) * flag
2644
2645	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2646	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2647	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2648	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2649	) * flag
2650
2651	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2652	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2653	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2654	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2655	) * flag
2656
2657	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2658	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2659	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2660	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2661
2662	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2663
2664	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2665
2666
2667	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2668	!
2669	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2670	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2671	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2672	WDLON = MAX( 1 , NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 30s running mean array
2673	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:n_turbines,1:WDLON) )
2674	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2675	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2676
2677	WDSHO = MAX( 1 , NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 2s running mean array
2678	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:n_turbines,1:WDSHO) )
2679	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2680	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2681	start_up = .FALSE.
2682	ENDIF
2683
2684	!
2685	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2686	!--
2687	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2688	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2689	!
2690	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2691	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2692	THEN
2693	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2694	THEN
2695
2696	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2697
2698	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2699	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2700	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2701	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2702	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2703
2704	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2705
2706	yaw_angle_l(inot) = yaw_angle(inot)
2707
2708	ENDIF
2709	ENDIF
2710
2711	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2712
2713	!
2714	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2715	#if defined( __parallel )
2716	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, &
2717	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2718	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2719	comm2d, ierr )
2720	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( yaw_angle_l, yaw_angle, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, &
2721	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2722	#else
2723	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2724	wdir = wdir_l
2725	yaw_angle = yaw_angle_l
2726
2727
2728	#endif
2729	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2730	!
2731	!-- Update rotor orientation
2732	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2733
2734	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2735
2736	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2737
2738	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2739	!
2740	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2741	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( generator_speed, generator_speed_old, n_turbines, &
2742	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2743	#if defined( __parallel )
2744	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, n_turbines, &
2745	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2746	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( rotor_speed_l, rotor_speed, n_turbines, &
2747	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2748	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( generator_speed_f, generator_speed_f_old, n_turbines, &
2749	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2750	#else
2751	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2752	rotor_speed = rotor_speed_l
2753	generator_speed_f_old = generator_speed_f
2754	#endif
2755
2756	ENDIF
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2762
2763
2764
2765	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2766	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2767	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) time_since_reference_point, rotor_speed(inot), &
2768	generator_speed(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2769	torque_total(inot), pitch_angle(inot), &
2770	torque_gen_old(inot)generator_speed(inot)generator_efficiency, &
2771	torque_total(inot)rotor_speed(inot)air_density, &
2772	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2773	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2774	(yaw_angle(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2775
2776	ELSE
2777
2778	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2779	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2780	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2781	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2782	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2783	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) time_since_reference_point, rotor_speed(inot), &
2784	generator_speed(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2785	torque_total(inot), pitch_angle(inot), &
2786	torque_gen_old(inot)generator_speed(inot)generator_efficiency, &
2787	torque_total(inot)rotor_speed(inot)air_density, &
2788	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2789	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2790	(yaw_angle(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2791	ENDIF
2792	ENDIF
2793
2794	!-- Set open flag
2795	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2796	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2797
2798
2799
2800	ENDIF
2801
2802
2803	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2804
2805	!
2806	!-- Formats
2807	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2808	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2809	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed GenTorque AeroTorque ', &
2810	'Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) RotThrust WDirection ', &
2811	'YawOrient')
2812
2813	106 FORMAT (F9.2,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F12.1,3X,F12.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F12.1,2X, &
2814	F12.1,1X,F12.1,4X,F7.2,4X,F7.2)
2815
2816
2817
2818	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2819
2820
2821	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2822	! Description:
2823	! ------------
2824	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2825	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2826	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2827
2828	USE kinds
2829
2830	IMPLICIT NONE
2831
2832	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2833	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2834	REAL(wp) :: missal
2835
2836	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2837
2838	!
2839	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2840	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2841	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2842	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
2843	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2844	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2845	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2846	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2847	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2848	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2849	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2850	!
2851	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2852	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2853	!
2854	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2855	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2856	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2857	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2858	!
2859	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2860	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2861
2862	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - yaw_angle(inot)
2863	!
2864	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than yaw_misalignment_max
2865	IF ( ABS( missal ) > yaw_misalignment_max ) THEN
2866	!
2867	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2868	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2869	!
2870	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2871	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2872	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2873	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2874	ENDIF
2875	ENDIF
2876
2877	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2878
2879	!
2880	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2881	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2882	!-- than yaw_misalignment_min
2883
2884	ELSE
2885	!
2886	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2887	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2888	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2889	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2890	!
2891	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2892	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2893	!
2894	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2895	missal = SUM( wd2_l - yaw_angle(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2896	!
2897	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2898	!-- yaw direction is still right
2899	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > yaw_misalignment_min ) .AND. &
2900	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2901	!
2902	!-- Continue yawing
2903	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2904	ELSE
2905	!
2906	!-- Stop yawing
2907	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2908	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2909	ENDIF
2910	ELSE
2911	!
2912	!-- Continue yawing
2913	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2914	ENDIF
2915
2916	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2917
2918	ENDIF
2919
2920	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2921
2922
2923	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2924	! Description:
2925	! ------------
2926	!> Initialization of the speed control
2927	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2928	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2929
2930
2931	IMPLICIT NONE
2932
2933	!
2934	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2935	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2936	!
2937	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2938	slope15 = ( region_2_slope * region_2_min * region_2_min ) / &
2939	( region_2_min - region_15_min )
2940	!
2941	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2942	vs_sysp = generator_speed_rated / 1.1_wp
2943	!
2944	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2945	region_25_slope = ( generator_power_rated / generator_speed_rated ) / &
2946	( generator_speed_rated - vs_sysp )
2947	!
2948	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2949	region_25_min = ( region_25_slope - SQRT( region_25_slope * &
2950	( region_25_slope - 4.0_wp * region_2_slope * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2951	( 2.0_wp * region_2_slope )
2952	!
2953	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2954	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2955	!
2956	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2957	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2958	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2959	torque_gen_old(:) = generator_torque_max
2960	ENDIF
2961
2962	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2963
2964
2965	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2966	! Description:
2967	! ------------
2968	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2969	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2970	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2971
2972
2973	IMPLICIT NONE
2974
2975	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2976
2977
2978
2979	!
2980	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2981	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2982	!-- offshore system developement"
2983
2984	!
2985	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2986	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2987	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2988	generator_speed_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * generator_speed(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2989	generator_speed_f_old(inot)
2990
2991	IF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_15_min ) THEN
2992	!
2993	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2994	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2995
2996	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_2_min ) THEN
2997	!
2998	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2999	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( generator_speed_f(inot) - region_15_min )
3000
3001	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_25_min ) THEN
3002	!
3003	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
3004	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
3005	torque_gen(inot) = region_2_slope * generator_speed_f(inot) * generator_speed_f(inot)
3006
3007	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) < generator_speed_rated ) THEN
3008	!
3009	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
3010	torque_gen(inot) = region_25_slope * ( generator_speed_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
3011
3012	ELSE
3013	!
3014	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
3015	!-- keep the power constant:
3016	torque_gen(inot) = generator_power_rated / generator_speed_f(inot)
3017
3018	ENDIF
3019	!
3020	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
3021	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
3022	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * generator_torque_rate_max ), &
3023	generator_torque_rate_max )
3024	!
3025	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
3026	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
3027	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), generator_torque_max )
3028	!
3029	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
3030	rotor_speed_l(inot) = generator_speed(inot) / gear_ratio
3031
3032
3033	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
3034
3035
3036	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3037	! Description:
3038	! ------------
3039	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
3040	!> flow components (tendency terms)
3041	!> Call for all grid points
3042	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3043	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
3044
3045
3046	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
3047
3048	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3049	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3050	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3051
3052
3053	SELECT CASE ( location )
3054
3055	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
3056
3057	CALL wtm_forces
3058
3059	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
3060	!
3061	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
3062	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3063	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3064	DO j = nysg, nyng
3065	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3066	!
3067	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
3068	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3069	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3070	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3071	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3072
3073	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
3074	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
3075	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3076	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
3077	ENDDO
3078	ENDDO
3079	ENDDO
3080	ENDIF
3081
3082	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
3083	!
3084	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
3085	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3086	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3087	DO j = nysg, nyng
3088	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3089	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3090	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3091	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3092	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3093	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
3094	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
3095	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3096	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
3097	ENDDO
3098	ENDDO
3099	ENDDO
3100	ENDIF
3101
3102	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3103	!
3104	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3105	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3106	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3107	DO j = nysg, nyng
3108	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3109	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
3110	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3111	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3112	ENDDO
3113	ENDDO
3114	ENDDO
3115	ENDIF
3116
3117
3118	CASE DEFAULT
3119	CONTINUE
3120
3121	END SELECT
3122
3123
3124	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
3125
3126
3127	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3128	! Description:
3129	! ------------
3130	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
3131	!> flow components (tendency terms)
3132	!> Call for grid point i,j
3133	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3134	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
3135
3136
3137	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
3138	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3139	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3140	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3141
3142	SELECT CASE ( location )
3143
3144	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
3145
3146	CALL wtm_forces
3147
3148	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
3149	!
3150	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
3151	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3152	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3153	!
3154	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
3155	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3156	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3157	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3158	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3159	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
3160	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
3161	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3162	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
3163	ENDDO
3164	ENDIF
3165
3166	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
3167	!
3168	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
3169	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3170	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3171	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3172	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3173	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3174	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3175	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
3176	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
3177	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3178	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
3179	ENDDO
3180	ENDIF
3181
3182	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3183	!
3184	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3185	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3186	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3187	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
3188	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3189	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3190	ENDDO
3191	ENDIF
3192
3193
3194	CASE DEFAULT
3195	CONTINUE
3196
3197	END SELECT
3198
3199
3200	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
3201
3202
3203	SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3204
3205
3206	INTEGER(iwp) :: t_ind = 0 !< time index
3207
3208	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
3209
3210	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
3211
3212	!
3213	!-- At the first call of this routine write the spatial coordinates.
3214	IF ( .NOT. initial_write_coordinates ) THEN
3215	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:n_turbines) )
3216	output_values_1d_target = hub_x(1:n_turbines)
3217	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3218	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3219	'x', &
3220	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3221	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3222	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3223
3224	output_values_1d_target = hub_y(1:n_turbines)
3225	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3226	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3227	'y', &
3228	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3229	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3230	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3231
3232	output_values_1d_target = hub_z(1:n_turbines)
3233	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3234	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3235	'z', &
3236	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3237	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3238	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3239
3240	initial_write_coordinates = .TRUE.
3241	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3242	ENDIF
3243
3244	t_ind = t_ind + 1
3245
3246	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:n_turbines) )
3247	output_values_1d_target = rotor_speed(:)
3248	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3249
3250	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3251	'rotor_speed', &
3252	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3253	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3254	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3255
3256	output_values_1d_target = generator_speed(:)
3257	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3258	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3259	'generator_speed', &
3260	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3261	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3262	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3263
3264	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)
3265	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3266
3267	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3268	'generator_torque', &
3269	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3270	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3271	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3272
3273	output_values_1d_target = torque_total(:)
3274	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3275
3276	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3277	'rotor_torque', &
3278	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3279	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3280	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3281
3282	output_values_1d_target = pitch_angle(:)
3283	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3284
3285	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3286	'pitch_angle', &
3287	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3288	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3289	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3290
3291	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)generator_speed(:)generator_efficiency
3292	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3293
3294	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3295	'generator_power', &
3296	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3297	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3298	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3299
3300	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
3301	output_values_1d_target(inot) = torque_total(inot)rotor_speed(inot)air_density
3302	ENDDO
3303	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3304
3305	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3306	'rotor_power', &
3307	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3308	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3309	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3310
3311	output_values_1d_target = thrust_rotor(:)
3312	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3313
3314	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3315	'rotor_thrust', &
3316	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3317	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3318	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3319
3320	output_values_1d_target = wdir(:)*180.0_wp/pi
3321	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3322
3323	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3324	'wind_direction', &
3325	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3326	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3327	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3328
3329	output_values_1d_target = (yaw_angle(:))*180.0_wp/pi
3330	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3331
3332	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3333	'yaw_angle', &
3334	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3335	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3336	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3337
3338	output_values_0d_target = time_since_reference_point
3339	output_values_0d_pointer => output_values_0d_target
3340
3341	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3342	'time', &
3343	values_realwp_0d = output_values_0d_pointer, &
3344	bounds_start = (/t_ind/), &
3345	bounds_end = (/t_ind/) )
3346
3347	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3348
3349	ENDIF
3350
3351	END SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3352
3353	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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