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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 3247

Last change on this file since 3247 was 3246, checked in by sward, 6 years ago
Added error handling for wrong input parameters
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 120.2 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2018 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward $
28	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
29	!
30	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
31	! unused variables removed
32	!
33	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
34	! Check for vertical stretching has been revised.
35	!
36	! 3139 2018-07-17 11:30:10Z Giersch
37	! Bugfix in calculation of alpha_attack
38	!
39	! 3069 2018-06-15 07:56:09Z witha
40	! Initialization of some arrays added
41	!
42	! 3066 2018-06-12 08:55:55Z Giersch
43	! Error message revised
44	!
45	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
46	! dz was replaced by dz(1), error message concerning grid stretching has been
47	! introduced
48	!
49	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
50	! Error messages revised
51	!
52	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z Giersch
53	! renamed wind_turbine_par to wind_turbine_parameters
54	!
55	! 2894 2018-03-15 09:17:58Z Giersch
56	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was
57	! found, reading of restart strings has been moved completely to
58	! read_restart_data_mod, wind_turbine_prerun flag has been removed, redundant
59	! skipping function has been removed, wtm_read/write_restart_data have been
60	! renamed to wtm_r/wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global is called in
61	! read_restart_data_mod now, marker * end wtm * was removed, strings and
62	! their respective lengths are written out and read now in case of restart
63	! runs to get rid of prescribed character lengths, CASE DEFAULT was added if
64	! restart data is read
65	!
66	! 2885 2018-03-14 11:02:46Z Giersch
67	! Bugfix in interpolation of lift and drag coefficients on fine grid of radius
68	! segments and angles of attack, speed-up of the initialization of the wind
69	! turbine model
70	!
71	! 2792 2018-02-07 06:45:29Z Giersch
72	! omega_rot_l has to be calculated after determining the indices for the hub in
73	! case of restart runs
74	!
75	! 2776 2018-01-31 10:44:42Z Giersch
76	! wind_turbine_prerun flag is used to define if module
77	! related parameters were outputted as restart data
78	!
79	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
80	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
81	!
82	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
83	! Change in file header (GPL part)
84	!
85	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
86	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
87	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
88	!
89	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
90	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_global to skip module
91	! parameters during reading restart data
92	!
93	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
94	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
95	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
96	! defined
97	!
98	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
99	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
100	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
101	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
102	!
103	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
104	! Revise error message PA0462
105	!
106	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
107	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
108	!
109	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
110	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
111	!
112	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
113	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
114	!
115	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
116	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
117	!
118	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
119	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
120	!
121	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
122	!
123	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
124	! Adjustments to new topography concept
125	!
126	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
127	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
128	! Addition of a tip loss model
129	!
130	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
131	! Bugfix of pitch control
132	!
133	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
134	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
135	!
136	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
137	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
138	!
139	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
140	! Initial revision
141	!
142	!
143	! Description:
144	! ------------
145	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
146	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
147	!> (ADM-R).
148	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
149	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
150	!> yaw.
151	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
152	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
153	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
154	!> automatically).
155	!>
156	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
157	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
158	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
159	!> @todo Generate header information
160	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
161	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
162	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
163	!> @todo Include additional output variables
164	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
165	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
166	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
167	!
168	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
169	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
170
171	USE arrays_3d, &
172	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
173
174	USE constants, &
175	ONLY: pi
176
177	USE control_parameters, &
178	ONLY: coupling_char, dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
179	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
180
181	USE cpulog, &
182	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
183
184	USE grid_variables, &
185	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
186
187	USE indices, &
188	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
189	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
190
191	USE kinds
192
193	USE pegrid
194
195
196	IMPLICIT NONE
197
198	PRIVATE
199
200	!
201	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
202
203	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
204	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
205
206	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
207	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
208	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
209	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
210
211	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
212	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
213	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
214	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
215	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
216	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
217
218	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
219	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
220	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
221	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
222	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
223	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
224	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
225	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
226	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
227	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
228	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
229
230	!
231	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
232	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
233
234	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
235	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
236	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
237	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
238	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
239	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
240	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
241	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
242	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
243	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
244	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
245	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
246	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
247	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
248
249
250	!
251	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
252
253	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
254	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
255	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
256
257	!
258	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
259	TYPE file_status
260	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
261	END TYPE file_status
262
263	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
264	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
265
266	!
267	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
268
269	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
270	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
271	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
272	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
273	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
274
275	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
276
277	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
278	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
279	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
280	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
281	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
282	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
283	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
284	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
285
286	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
287
288	!
289	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
290	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
291	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
292	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
293	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
294	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
295	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
296	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
297
298	!
299	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
304
305	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
306	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
307
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
310
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
313
314	!
315	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
316
317	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
318	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
319	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
320	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
321	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
322	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
323	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
324	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
325	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
326	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
327	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
328	!
329	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
330	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
331	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
332	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
333	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
334
335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
344
345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
347
348	!
349	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
356
357	!
358	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
362
363	!
364	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
368
369	!
370	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
374
375	!
376	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
378	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
380	!
381	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
383
384	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
393
394	!
395	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
396
397	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
398
399	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
400	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
401	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
402	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
403	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
404	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
405	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
406	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
407
408	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
409
410	!
411	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
412
413	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
414	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
415	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
416	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
417	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
418	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
419	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
420	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
421	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
422	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
423	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
424	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
425	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
426
427	!
428	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
429	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
430	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
431	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
432	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
433	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
434	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
435	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
436
437
438	SAVE
439
440
441	INTERFACE wtm_parin
442	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
443	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
444
445	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
446	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
447	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
448
449	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
450	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
451	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
452
453	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
454	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
455	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
456
457	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
458	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
459	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
460
461	INTERFACE wtm_init
462	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
463	END INTERFACE wtm_init
464
465	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
466	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
467	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
468
469	INTERFACE wtm_forces
470	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
471	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
472
473	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
474	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
475	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
476
477	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
478	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
479	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
480
481	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
482	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
483	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
484	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
485
486	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
487	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
488	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
489	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
490
491
492	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
493	wtm_parin, wtm_wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global, wtm_tendencies
494
495
496	CONTAINS
497
498
499	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
500	! Description:
501	! ------------
502	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
503	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
504	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
505
506
507	IMPLICIT NONE
508
509	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
510
511	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
512
513	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
514	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
515	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
516	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
517	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
518	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
519	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
520	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
521	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
522	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
523
524	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
525	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
526	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
527	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
528	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
529	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
530	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
531	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
532	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
533	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
534	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
535	!
536	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
537	REWIND ( 11 )
538	line = ' '
539	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
540	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
541	ENDDO
542	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
543
544	!
545	!-- Read user-defined namelist
546	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10 )
547	!
548	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
549	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
550
551	GOTO 14
552
553	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
554	READ( 11 ,fmt='(A)') line
555	CALL parin_fail_message ( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
556
557	!
558	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
559	12 REWIND ( 11 )
560	line = ' '
561	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
562	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
563	ENDDO
564	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
565
566	!
567	!-- Read user-defined namelist
568	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
569
570	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
571	'be removed in near future. &Please use namelist ' // &
572	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
573	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
574
575	!
576	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
577	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
578
579	GOTO 14
580
581	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
582	READ( 11 ,fmt='(A)') line
583	CALL parin_fail_message ( 'wind_turbine_par', line )
584
585	14 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
586
587
588	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
589
590
591	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
592	! Description:
593	! ------------
594	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
595	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
596	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
597
598
599	IMPLICIT NONE
600
601
602	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
603	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
604
605	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
606	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
607
608	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
609	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
610
611	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
612	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
613
614	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
615	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
616
617	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
618	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
619
620	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
621	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
622
623	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
624	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
625
626	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
627	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
628
629	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
630	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
631
632
633	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
634
635
636	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
637	! Description:
638	! ------------
639	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
640	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
641	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
642
643
644	USE control_parameters, &
645	ONLY: length, restart_string
646
647
648	IMPLICIT NONE
649
650	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
651
652
653	found = .TRUE.
654
655
656	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
657
658	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
659	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
660	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
661	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
662	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
663	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
664	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
665	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
666	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
667	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
668	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
669	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
670	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
671	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
672	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
673	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
674	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
675	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
676	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
677	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
678
679	CASE DEFAULT
680
681	found = .FALSE.
682
683	END SELECT
684
685
686	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
687
688
689	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
690	! Description:
691	! ------------
692	!> Check namelist parameter
693	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
694	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
695
696
697	IMPLICIT NONE
698
699	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
700	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
701	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
702	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
703	ENDIF
704
705	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
706	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
707	'a value equal or larger than zero'
708	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
709	ENDIF
710
711
712	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
713	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
714	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
715
716	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
717	'have to be given for each turbine.'
718	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
719
720	ENDIF
721
722
723	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
724
725
726	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
727	! Description:
728	! ------------
729	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
730	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
731	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
732
733
734	IMPLICIT NONE
735
736	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
737	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
738
739	!
740	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
741	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
742
743	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
744	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
745
746	nrings(:) = 0
747	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
748
749	!
750	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
751	delta_r_factor = segment_width
752	delta_t_factor = segment_length
753	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
754
755	DO inot = 1, nturbines
756	!
757	!-- Determine number of rings:
758	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
759
760	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
761
762	ENDDO
763
764	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
765
766	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
767	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
768
769	nsegs(:,:) = 0
770	nsegs_total(:) = 0
771
772
773	DO inot = 1, nturbines
774	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
775	!
776	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
777	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
778	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
779	delta_t_factor ) )
780	ENDDO
781	!
782	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
783	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
784
785	ENDDO
786
787	!
788	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
789	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
790
791	!!
792	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
793	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
794	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
795	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
796	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
797	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
798	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
799	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
800	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
801	! ENDIF
802
803
804	!
805	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
806	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
807	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
808	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
809	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
810	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
811	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
812	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
813	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
814
815	!
816	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
817	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
818	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
819	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
820	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
821	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
822	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
823
824	!
825	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
826	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
827	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
828	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
829	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
830	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
831	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
832	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
833	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
834	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
835	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
836
837	!
838	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
839	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
840	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
841	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
842	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
843	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
844	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
845
846	!
847	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
848	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
849	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
850	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
851
852	!
853	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
854	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
855	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
856	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
857	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
858	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
859	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
860	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
861	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
862
863	!
864	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
865	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
866	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
867	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
868	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
869	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
870	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
871
872	!
873	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
874	i_hub(:) = 0
875	i_smear(:) = 0
876	j_hub(:) = 0
877	j_smear(:) = 0
878	k_hub(:) = 0
879	k_smear(:) = 0
880
881	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
882	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
883
884	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
885	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
886	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
887	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
888	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
889	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
890	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
891	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
892	ENDIF
893
894	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
895	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
896	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
897	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
898	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
899	phi_yaw_l(:) = 0.0_wp
900
901	!
902	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
903	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
904	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
905	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
906	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
907	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
908	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
909	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
910	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
911	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
912	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
913
914	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
915	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
916	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
917	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
918	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
919	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
920
921	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
922	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
923	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
924
925	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
926	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
927	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
928	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
929	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
930	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
931	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
932	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
933
934	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
935	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
936	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
937	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
938	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
939	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
940
941
942	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
943
944
945	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
946	! Description:
947	! ------------
948	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
949	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
950	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
951
952
953	USE control_parameters, &
954	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
955
956	IMPLICIT NONE
957
958	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
959	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
960	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
961
962	!
963	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
964	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
965
966	!
967	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
968	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
969	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
970	!
971	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
972	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
973	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
974
975	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
976	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
977	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
978
979	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
980
981	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
982	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
983	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
984	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
985
986	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
987	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
988	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
989	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
990
991	!
992	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
993	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
994	!-- (smearing of the forces)
995	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
996	!
997	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
998	!-- be calculated:
999
1000	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
1001	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
1002	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
1003	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
1004	!
1005	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
1006	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
1007	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
1008	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
1009	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
1010	!
1011	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
1012	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
1013	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
1014	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
1015	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) + &
1016	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + &
1017	eps_min) THEN
1018	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
1019	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
1020	'greater than ',MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) +&
1021	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + eps_min
1022	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1023	ENDIF
1024	!
1025	!-- Square of eps_min:
1026	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
1027	!
1028	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
1029	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
1030	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1031	!
1032	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
1033	!-- function:
1034	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1035
1036	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1037	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
1038
1039	!
1040	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1041	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1042	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1043	ENDIF
1044
1045
1046	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1047	!
1048	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1049	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1050
1051	!
1052	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1053	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
1054	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1055	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
1056
1057	!
1058	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1059	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1060	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1061	!-- function of eps_min:
1062	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1063	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1064	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1065
1066	ENDDO
1067
1068	!
1069	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1070	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
1071	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1072
1073	CALL wtm_speed_control
1074
1075	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1076
1077	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1078
1079	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1080	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1081	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1082	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1083	ENDIF
1084
1085	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1086	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1087	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1088	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1089	ENDIF
1090
1091	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1092	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1093	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1094	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1095	ENDIF
1096
1097	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1098	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1099	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1100	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1101	ENDIF
1102
1103	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1104	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1105
1106	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1107
1108	ENDIF
1109	ENDIF
1110
1111	END DO
1112
1113	ENDIF
1114
1115	ENDIF
1116
1117	!
1118	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1119	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1120	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1121	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1122	!
1123	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1124	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1125
1126	!
1127	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1128	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1129	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1130
1131	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1132
1133	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1134
1135
1136	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1137	!
1138	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1139	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1140	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1141	i = i_hub(inot)
1142
1143	!
1144	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1145	!-- grid point indices):
1146	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1147	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1148	!
1149	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1150	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1151	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1152	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1153	!-- in grid box 1.
1154	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1155	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1156
1157	!
1158	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1159	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1160	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1161	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1162
1163	!
1164	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1165	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1166	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1167
1168	DO j = nys, nyn
1169	!
1170	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1171	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1172
1173	DO k = nzb, nzt
1174
1175	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1176	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1177	!
1178	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1179	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1180	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1181	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1182	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1183	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1184	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1185	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1186	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1187	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1188	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1189	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1190	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1191	!
1192	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1193	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1194	ELSE
1195	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1196	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1197	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1198	ENDIF
1199	!
1200	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1201	ELSE
1202	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1203	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1204	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1205	ENDIF
1206	!
1207	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1208	!-- are carried out:
1209	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1210
1211	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1212	!
1213	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1214	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1215	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1216	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1217	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1218	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1219	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1220	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1221	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1222	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1223	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1224	!
1225	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1226	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1227	ELSE
1228	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1229	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1230	ENDIF
1231	!
1232	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1233	ELSE
1234	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
1235	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1236	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1237
1238	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1239
1240	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1241
1242	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1243
1244	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1245
1246	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1247
1248
1249	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1250
1251	!
1252	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1253	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1254	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1255	!!
1256	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1257	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1258	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1259	!
1260	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1261	!
1262	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1263	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1264	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1265	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1266	!!
1267	!!-- bottom intersection point
1268	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1269	!!
1270	!!-- top intersection point
1271	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1272	! ELSE
1273	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1274	! ENDIF
1275	! ENDDO
1276	!
1277	!
1278	! DO j = nys, nyn
1279	!!
1280	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1281	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1282	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1283	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1284	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1285	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1286	!!
1287	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1288	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1289	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1290	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1291	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1292	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1293	!!
1294	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1295	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1296	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1297	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1298	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1299	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1300	! dz_int = dz
1301	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1302	!!
1303	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1304	!!-- within the current grid box:
1305	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1306	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1307	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1308	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1309	! ENDIF
1310	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1311	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1312	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1313	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1314	! ENDIF
1315	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1316	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1317	! ENDIF
1318	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1319	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1320	! ENDIF
1321	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1322	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1323	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1324	! ENDIF
1325	! ENDDO
1326	! ENDIF
1327	! ENDDO
1328	! ENDIF
1329	!
1330	! ENDDO
1331	!
1332	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1333
1334	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1335
1336	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1337	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1338
1339	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1340
1341	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1342
1343
1344	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1345	! Description:
1346	! ------------
1347	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1348	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1349	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1350	!
1351	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1352
1353
1354	IMPLICIT NONE
1355
1356	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1357	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1358
1359	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1360
1361	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1362
1363	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1364	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1365	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1366	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1367	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1368	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1369	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1370	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1371	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1372	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1373
1374	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1375	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1376	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1377
1378	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1379	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1380
1381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1384	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1386
1387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1392
1393	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1394
1395	!
1396	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1397	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1398
1399	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1400
1401	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1402	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1403	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1404	ENDIF
1405	!
1406	!-- Read distribution table:
1407
1408	dlen = 0
1409
1410	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1411
1412	rloop3: DO
1413	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1414	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1415	dlen = dlen + 1
1416	ENDDO rloop3
1417
1418	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1419
1420	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1421	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1422	ENDDO
1423
1424	DO jj = 1,dlen
1425	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1426	ENDDO
1427
1428	!
1429	!-- Read layout table:
1430
1431	dlen = 0
1432
1433	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1434
1435	rloop1: DO
1436	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1437	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1438	dlen = dlen + 1
1439	ENDDO rloop1
1440
1441	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1442	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1443	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1444	ENDDO
1445	DO jj = 1, dlen
1446	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1447	ENDDO
1448
1449	!
1450	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1451
1452	dlen = 0
1453
1454	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1455
1456	rloop2: DO
1457	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1458	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1459	dlen = dlen + 1
1460	ENDDO rloop2
1461
1462	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1463	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1464
1465	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1466	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1467	ENDDO
1468
1469	DO jj = 1,dlen
1470	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1471	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1472	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1473	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1474	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1475	ENDDO
1476
1477	ENDDO
1478
1479	dlenbl = dlen
1480
1481	CLOSE ( 90 )
1482
1483	!
1484	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1485	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1486	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1487	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1488	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1489
1490	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1491	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1492	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1493	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1494
1495	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1496	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1497
1498	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1499	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1500
1501	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1502
1503	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1504	!
1505	!-- Find position in table 1
1506	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1507	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1508
1509	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
1510	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1511	ENDIF
1512
1513	trow = lct(1)
1514	!
1515	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1516	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1517	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1518	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1519	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1520
1521	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1522	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1523	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1524	ENDIF
1525
1526	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1527	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1528	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1529	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1530	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1531
1532	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values
1533	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1534	! explicitly
1535	ELSE
1536	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1537	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1538	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1539	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1540	!
1541	!-- For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1542	!-- explicitly
1543	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1544	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1545	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1546	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1547	ENDIF
1548
1549	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1550
1551	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1552	ialpha = 1
1553
1554	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1555	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1556	ENDDO
1557
1558	!
1559	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1560	!-- segments and angles of attack
1561
1562	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1563	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1564	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1565	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1566	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1567	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1568	( alpha_attack_i - &
1569	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1570	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1571	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1572	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1573	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1574	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1575	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1576	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1577	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1578	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1579	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1580	( alpha_attack_i - &
1581	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1582	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1583	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1584	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1585	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1586
1587	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1588
1589	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1590
1591
1592	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1593
1594
1595	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1596	! Description:
1597	! ------------
1598	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1599	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1600	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1601	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1602
1603
1604	IMPLICIT NONE
1605
1606	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1607	!
1608	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1609	!-- the rotors
1610	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1611	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1612	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1613
1614	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1615	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1616	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1617
1618	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1619	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1620	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1621
1622	!
1623	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1624	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1625
1626	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1627	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1628	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1629	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1630	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1631	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1632	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1633	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1634	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1635	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1636	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1637	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1638	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1639	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1640	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1641	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1642	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1643	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1644	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1645	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1646	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1647	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1648	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1649	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1650
1651	!
1652	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1653	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1654	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1655	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1656	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1657
1658	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1659
1660
1661	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1662	! Description:
1663	! ------------
1664	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1665	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1666	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1667
1668
1669	IMPLICIT NONE
1670
1671	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1672
1673	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1674	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1675	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1676	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1677	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1678	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1679
1680	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1681	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1682	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1683
1684	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1685	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1686
1687	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1688
1689
1690	!
1691	! Variables for pitch control
1692	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
1693
1694	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
1695	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
1696
1697	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1698
1699
1700	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1701
1702
1703	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1704
1705	!
1706	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1707	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1708	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1709	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1710	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1711	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1712	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1713	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1714	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1715	!
1716	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1717	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1718
1719	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1720	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1721	!
1722	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1723	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1724
1725	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1726	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1727	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1728	!
1729	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1730	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1731
1732	!
1733	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1734	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1735	!
1736	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1737	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1738	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1739	!
1740	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1741	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1742	!-- with y-axis):
1743	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1744	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1745	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1746
1747	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1748	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1749	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1750	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1751	re(3) = sin_rot
1752
1753	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1754	!
1755	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1756	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1757	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1758	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1759
1760	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1761	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1762	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1763	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1764	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1765
1766	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1767	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1768
1769	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1770	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1771
1772	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1773	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1774
1775	!
1776	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1777
1778	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1779	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1780	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1781	!
1782	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1783	!-- the current PE:
1784	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1785	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1786
1787	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1788	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1789	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1790	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1791	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1792	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1793	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1794	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1795	gg = dx * dy
1796
1797	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1798	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1799	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1800	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1801	) / gg
1802
1803	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1804	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1805	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1806	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1807	) / gg
1808
1809	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1810	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1811	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1812
1813	ELSE
1814	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1815	ENDIF
1816	ELSE
1817	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1818	ENDIF
1819
1820
1821	!
1822	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1823	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1824	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1825	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1826	!
1827	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1828	!-- the current PE:
1829	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1830	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1831
1832	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1833	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1834	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1835	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1836	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1837	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1838	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1839	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1840	gg = dx * dy
1841
1842	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1843	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1844	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1845	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1846	) / gg
1847
1848	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1849	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1850	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1851	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1852	) / gg
1853
1854	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1855	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1856	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1857
1858	ELSE
1859	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1860	ENDIF
1861	ELSE
1862	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1863	ENDIF
1864
1865
1866	!
1867	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1868	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1869	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1870	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
1871	!
1872	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1873	!-- the current PE:
1874	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1875	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1876
1877	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1878	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1879	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1880	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1881	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1882	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1883	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1884	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1885	gg = dx * dy
1886
1887	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1888	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1889	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1890	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1891	) / gg
1892
1893	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1894	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1895	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1896	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1897	) / gg
1898
1899	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1900	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1901	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1902	ELSE
1903	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1904	ENDIF
1905	ELSE
1906	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1907	ENDIF
1908
1909	ENDDO
1910	ENDDO
1911
1912	ENDDO
1913
1914	!
1915	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1916	#if defined( __parallel )
1917	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1918	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1919	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1920	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1921	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1922	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1923	#else
1924	u_int = u_int_1_l
1925	v_int = v_int_1_l
1926	w_int = w_int_1_l
1927	#endif
1928
1929
1930	!
1931	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1932
1933	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1934	pit_loop: DO
1935
1936	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1937	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1938	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1939	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1940	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1941	ELSE
1942	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1943	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1944	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1945	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1946	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1947	ENDIF
1948	ENDIF
1949
1950	!
1951	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1952	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1953	!
1954	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1955	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1956	!
1957	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1958	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1959	!
1960	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1961	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1962	!-- with y-axis):
1963	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1964	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1965	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1966	!
1967	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1968	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1969	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1970	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1971	re(3) = sin_rot
1972
1973	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1974	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1975	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1976	rea(3) = cos_rot
1977
1978	!
1979	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1980	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1981	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1982	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1983	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1984	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1985	!
1986	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1987	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1988	!-- tilt:
1989	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1990	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1991	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1992	!
1993	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1994	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1995
1996	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1997
1998	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1999
2000	!
2001	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2002	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
2003	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2004	!
2005	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
2006	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
2007	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
2008	!-- coordinates y' and z.
2009	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
2010	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
2011	!
2012	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
2013	!
2014	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2015	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
2016	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2017	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2018	!
2019	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
2020	!-- direction:
2021	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2022	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2023	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2024	!
2025	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
2026	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
2027
2028	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
2029	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2030	vtheta(rseg) ) )
2031
2032	!
2033	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
2034	!-- to the current radial position:
2035
2036	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2037	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2038
2039	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2040	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2041	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2042	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2043	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2044	ELSE
2045	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2046	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2047	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2048	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2049	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2050	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2051	ENDIF
2052
2053	!
2054	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2055	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2056	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2057	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2058	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2059	!
2060	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2061	!-- angle of attack:
2062	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2063	!
2064	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2065	!-- to angles given in degree:
2066	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2067	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2068	!
2069	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2070	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_add(inot)
2071
2072	!
2073	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2074	!-- to the rotor:
2075	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2076	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2077	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2078
2079	!
2080	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2081	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2082	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2083	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2084
2085	!
2086	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2087	!-- the current radial position:
2088
2089	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2090	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2091	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2092	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2093	ELSE
2094	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2095	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2096	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2097	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2098	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2099	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2100	ENDIF
2101
2102	!
2103	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2104	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2105	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2106	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2107	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2108	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2109	!
2110	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2111	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2112	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2113	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2114	!
2115	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2116	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2117	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2118	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2119
2120	!
2121	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2122	!-- angles given in radian:
2123	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2124	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2125
2126	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2127
2128	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2129	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2130	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2131	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2132	!--
2133	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2134	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2135	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2136
2137	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2138
2139	ENDIF
2140	!
2141	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2142	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2143	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2144
2145	!
2146	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2147
2148	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2149	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2150
2151	!
2152	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2153	!-- for each ring segment:
2154	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2155	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2156	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2157
2158	!
2159	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2160	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2161	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2162	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2163	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2164	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2165	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2166	!
2167	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2168	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2169	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2170
2171	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2172	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2173
2174	!
2175	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2176	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2177	thrust_seg(rseg)
2178
2179
2180	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2181
2182	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2183
2184	!
2185	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2186	!-- each ring:
2187	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2188	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2189	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2190
2191
2192	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2193
2194
2195	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2196
2197
2198	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2199	!
2200	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2201
2202	!
2203	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2204	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2205	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2206	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2207	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2208	( inertia_rot + &
2209	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2210
2211	!
2212	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2213	!-- and rotor speed
2214	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2215
2216	ENDIF
2217
2218	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2219
2220	!
2221	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2222	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2223	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2224	!-- gain
2225	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2226	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2227	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2228	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2229	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2230	!
2231	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2232	CYCLE pit_loop
2233	ENDIF
2234
2235	!
2236	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2237	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2238	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2239	ENDIF
2240	EXIT pit_loop
2241	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2242
2243
2244	!
2245	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2246
2247	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2248	!
2249	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2250	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2251	THEN
2252	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2253	THEN
2254	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2255	ENDIF
2256	ENDIF
2257
2258	ENDIF
2259
2260
2261	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2262
2263	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2264
2265
2266	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2267	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2268	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2269	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2270	!
2271	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2272	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2273	!
2274	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2275	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2276	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2277	!-- consideration
2278	!
2279	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2280	!-- of the model domain:
2281	!
2282	!--
2283	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2284	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2285	eps_min ) / dx )
2286	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2287	eps_min ) / dy )
2288
2289	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2290	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2291	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2292	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2293	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2294	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2295	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2296	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2297	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2298	!
2299	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2300	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2301
2302	!
2303	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2304	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2305	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2306	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2307	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2308	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2309	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2310	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2311	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2312	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2313	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2314
2315	!
2316	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2317	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2318	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2319	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2320	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2321	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2322	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2323	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2324	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2325	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2326	flag
2327	ENDIF
2328	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2329	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2330	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2331	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2332	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2333	flag
2334	ENDIF
2335	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2336	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2337	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2338	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2339	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2340	flag
2341	ENDIF
2342
2343	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2344	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2345
2346	!
2347	!-- Rotation of force components:
2348	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2349	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2350	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2351	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2352	) * flag
2353
2354	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2355	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2356	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2357	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2358	) * flag
2359
2360	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2361	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2362	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2363	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2364	) * flag
2365
2366	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2367	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2368	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2369
2370	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2371
2372	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2373
2374
2375	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2376	!
2377	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2378	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2379	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2380	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2381	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2382	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2383	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2384
2385	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2386	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2387	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2388	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2389	start_up = .FALSE.
2390	ENDIF
2391
2392	!
2393	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2394	!--
2395	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2396	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2397	!
2398	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2399	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2400	THEN
2401	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2402	THEN
2403
2404	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2405
2406	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2407	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2408	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2409	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2410	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2411
2412	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2413
2414	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2415
2416	ENDIF
2417	ENDIF
2418
2419	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2420
2421	!
2422	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2423	#if defined( __parallel )
2424	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2425	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2426	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2427	comm2d, ierr )
2428	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2429	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2430	#else
2431	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2432	wdir = wdir_l
2433	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2434
2435
2436	#endif
2437	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2438	!
2439	!-- Update rotor orientation
2440	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2441
2442	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2443
2444	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2445
2446	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2447	!
2448	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2449	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2450	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2451	#if defined( __parallel )
2452	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2453	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2454	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2455	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2456	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2457	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2458	#else
2459	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2460	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2461	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2462	#endif
2463
2464	ENDIF
2465
2466	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2467
2468	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2469	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2470	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2471	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2472	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2473	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2474	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2475	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2476	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2477	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2478
2479	ELSE
2480
2481	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2482	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2483	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2484	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2485	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2486	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2487	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2488	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2489	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2490	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2491	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2492	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2493	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2494	ENDIF
2495	ENDIF
2496
2497	!-- Set open flag
2498	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2499	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2500
2501	ENDIF
2502
2503	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2504
2505	!
2506	!-- Formats
2507	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2508	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2509	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2510	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2511	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2512
2513	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2514	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2515
2516
2517	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2518
2519
2520	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2521	! Description:
2522	! ------------
2523	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2524	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2525	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2526
2527	USE kinds
2528
2529	IMPLICIT NONE
2530
2531	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2532	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2533	REAL(wp) :: missal
2534
2535	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2536
2537	!
2538	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2539	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2540	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2541	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
2542	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2543	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2544	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2545	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2546	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2547	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2548	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2549	!
2550	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2551	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2552	!
2553	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2554	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2555	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2556	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2557	!
2558	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2559	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2560
2561	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2562	!
2563	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2564	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2565	!
2566	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2567	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2568	!
2569	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2570	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2571	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2572	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2573	ENDIF
2574	ENDIF
2575
2576	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2577
2578	!
2579	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2580	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2581	!-- than min_miss
2582
2583	ELSE
2584	!
2585	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2586	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2587	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2588	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2589	!
2590	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2591	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2592	!
2593	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2594	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2595	!
2596	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2597	!-- yaw direction is still right
2598	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2599	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2600	!
2601	!-- Continue yawing
2602	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2603	ELSE
2604	!
2605	!-- Stop yawing
2606	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2607	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2608	ENDIF
2609	ELSE
2610	!
2611	!-- Continue yawing
2612	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2613	ENDIF
2614
2615	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2616
2617	ENDIF
2618
2619	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2620
2621
2622	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2623	! Description:
2624	! ------------
2625	!> Initialization of the speed control
2626	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2627	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2628
2629
2630	IMPLICIT NONE
2631
2632	!
2633	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2634	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2635	!
2636	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2637	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2638	!
2639	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2640	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2641	!
2642	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2643	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2644	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2645	!
2646	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2647	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2648	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2649	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2650	!
2651	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2652	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2653	!
2654	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2655	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2656	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2657	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2658	ENDIF
2659
2660	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2661
2662
2663	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2664	! Description:
2665	! ------------
2666	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2667	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2668	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2669
2670
2671	IMPLICIT NONE
2672
2673	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2674
2675
2676
2677	!
2678	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2679	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2680	!-- offshore system developement"
2681
2682	!
2683	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2684	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2685	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2686	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2687	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2688
2689	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2690	!
2691	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2692	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2693
2694	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2695	!
2696	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2697	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2698
2699	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2700	!
2701	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2702	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2703	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2704
2705	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2706	!
2707	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2708	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2709
2710	ELSE
2711	!
2712	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2713	!-- keep the power constant:
2714	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2715
2716	ENDIF
2717	!
2718	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2719	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2720	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2721	!
2722	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2723	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2724	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2725	!
2726	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2727	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2728
2729
2730	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2731
2732
2733	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2734	! Description:
2735	! ------------
2736	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2737	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2738	!> Call for all grid points
2739	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2740	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
2741
2742
2743	IMPLICIT NONE
2744
2745	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2746	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2747	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2748	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2749
2750
2751	SELECT CASE ( component )
2752
2753	CASE ( 1 )
2754	!
2755	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2756	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2757	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2758	DO j = nysg, nyng
2759	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2760	!
2761	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2762	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2763	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2764	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2765	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2766
2767	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2768	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2769	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2770	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2771	ENDDO
2772	ENDDO
2773	ENDDO
2774	ENDIF
2775
2776	CASE ( 2 )
2777	!
2778	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2779	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2780	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2781	DO j = nysg, nyng
2782	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2783	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2784	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2785	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2786	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2787	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2788	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2789	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2790	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2791	ENDDO
2792	ENDDO
2793	ENDDO
2794	ENDIF
2795
2796	CASE ( 3 )
2797	!
2798	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2799	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2800	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2801	DO j = nysg, nyng
2802	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2803	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2804	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2805	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2806	ENDDO
2807	ENDDO
2808	ENDDO
2809	ENDIF
2810
2811
2812	CASE DEFAULT
2813
2814	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2815	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2816
2817	END SELECT
2818
2819
2820	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
2821
2822
2823	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2824	! Description:
2825	! ------------
2826	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2827	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2828	!> Call for grid point i,j
2829	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2830	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
2831
2832
2833	IMPLICIT NONE
2834
2835	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2836	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2837	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2838	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2839
2840	SELECT CASE ( component )
2841
2842	CASE ( 1 )
2843	!
2844	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2845	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2846	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2847	!
2848	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2849	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2850	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2851	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2852	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2853	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2854	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2855	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2856	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2857	ENDDO
2858	ENDIF
2859
2860	CASE ( 2 )
2861	!
2862	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2863	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2864	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2865	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2866	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2867	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2868	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2869	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2870	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2871	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2872	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2873	ENDDO
2874	ENDIF
2875
2876	CASE ( 3 )
2877	!
2878	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2879	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2880	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2881	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2882	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2883	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2884	ENDDO
2885	ENDIF
2886
2887
2888	CASE DEFAULT
2889
2890	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2891	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2892
2893	END SELECT
2894
2895
2896	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
2897
2898	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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