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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4435

Last change on this file since 4435 was 4434, checked in by oliver.maas, 5 years ago
added optional netcdf data input for wtm array input parameters
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 143.8 KB

Rev	Line
[1820]	1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
[1912]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1819]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1819]	9	!
[4411]	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANYr
[1819]	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3885]	17	! Copyright 2009-2019 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
[4360]	18	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1912]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	20	!
	21	! Current revisions:
	22	! -----------------
[1913]	23	!
[3139]	24	!
[1913]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4434 2020-03-03 10:02:18Z raasch $
[4434]	28	! added optional netcdf data input for wtm array input parameters
	29	!
	30	! 4426 2020-02-27 10:02:19Z oliver.maas
[4426]	31	! define time as unlimited dimension so that no maximum number
	32	! of time steps has to be given for wtm_data_output
	33	!
	34	! 4423 2020-02-25 07:17:11Z maronga
[4423]	35	! Switched to serial output as data is aggerated before anyway.
	36	!
	37	! 4420 2020-02-24 14:13:56Z maronga
[4420]	38	! Added output control for wind turbine model
	39	!
	40	! 4412 2020-02-19 14:53:13Z maronga
[4412]	41	! Bugfix: corrected character length in dimension_names
	42	!
	43	! 4411 2020-02-18 14:28:02Z maronga
[4411]	44	! Added output in NetCDF format using DOM (only netcdf4-parallel is supported).
	45	! Old ASCII output is still available at the moment.
	46	!
	47	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
[4346]	48	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
	49	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
	50	!
	51	! 4343 2019-12-17 12:26:12Z oliver.maas
[4343]	52	! replaced <= by < in line 1464 to ensure that ialpha will not be
	53	! greater than dlen
	54	!
	55	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
[4329]	56	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
	57	!
	58	! 4326 2019-12-06 14:16:14Z oliver.maas
[4326]	59	! changed format of turbine control output to allow for higher
	60	! torque and power values
	61	!
	62	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	63	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	64	!
	65	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
[4144]	66	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
	67	!
	68	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
[4056]	69	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort
	70	! will happen for location values that are not implemented as CASE statements
	71	! but are already realized in the code (e.g. pt-tendency)
	72	!
	73	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	74	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	75	! of additional debug messages
	76	!
	77	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
[3875]	78	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
	79	!
	80	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
[3832]	81	! instrumented with openmp directives
	82	!
	83	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
[3725]	84	! unused variables removed
	85	!
	86	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
[3685]	87	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	88	!
	89	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3593]	90	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
[4182]	91	!
	92	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
	93	! Initial revision
	94	!
[3593]	95	!
[1819]	96	! Description:
	97	! ------------
	98	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
	99	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
	100	!> (ADM-R).
	101	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
	102	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
	103	!> yaw.
	104	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
	105	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
	106	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
	107	!> automatically).
	108	!>
[3065]	109	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
[1819]	110	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
	111	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
	112	!> @todo Generate header information
[1917]	113	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
[1819]	114	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
	115	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
	116	!> @todo Include additional output variables
[1864]	117	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
	118	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
	119	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
[1819]	120	!
	121	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	122	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
	123
	124	USE arrays_3d, &
[2553]	125	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[1819]	126
[3274]	127	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
[2553]	128	ONLY: pi
[1819]	129
	130	USE control_parameters, &
[3885]	131	ONLY: coupling_char, &
	132	debug_output, &
[4411]	133	dt_3d, dz, end_time, message_string, time_since_reference_point,&
	134	wind_turbine, initializing_actions, origin_date_time
[1819]	135
	136	USE cpulog, &
	137	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
	138
[4411]	139	USE data_output_module
	140
[1819]	141	USE grid_variables, &
	142	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
	143
	144	USE indices, &
	145	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
[4346]	146	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_total_0
[1819]	147
	148	USE kinds
	149
[4434]	150	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	151	ONLY: check_existence, &
	152	close_input_file, &
	153	get_variable, &
	154	input_pids_wtm, &
	155	inquire_num_variables, &
	156	inquire_variable_names, &
	157	input_file_wtm, &
	158	num_var_pids, &
	159	open_read_file, &
	160	pids_id, &
	161	vars_pids
	162
[1819]	163	USE pegrid
	164
	165
	166	IMPLICIT NONE
	167
[1864]	168	PRIVATE
[1819]	169
[4411]	170
	171
	172	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: variable_name !< name of output variable
	173	CHARACTER(LEN=30) :: nc_filename
	174
[1819]	175	!
	176	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
	177
[1864]	178	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
[1839]	179	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
[1819]	180
[4411]	181
	182
	183	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: output_values_1d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
	184	REAL(wp), POINTER :: output_values_0d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
	185	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: output_values_1d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
	186	REAL(wp), TARGET :: output_values_0d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
	187
[1839]	188	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
	189	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
	190	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
[2152]	191	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
[4411]	192
	193	LOGICAL :: initial_write_coordinates = .FALSE.
	194
[4426]	195	REAL(wp) :: dt_data_output_wtm = 0.0_wp !< data output interval
[4420]	196	REAL(wp) :: time_wtm = 0.0_wp !< time since last data output
	197
	198
[1839]	199	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	200	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	201	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	202	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	203	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
	204	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
[1819]	205
[4411]	206
[1912]	207	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
[4411]	208	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100), TARGET :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
[1912]	209	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
	210	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
	211	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
	212	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
	213	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
	214	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
	215	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
[3725]	216	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
[1912]	217	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
[1839]	218
[1819]	219	!
	220	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
	221	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
	222
[1912]	223	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
[1839]	224	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
[2341]	225	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
	226	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
[1839]	227	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
	228	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
	229	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
	230	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
[1912]	231	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
[1839]	232	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
	233	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
	234	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
[1912]	235	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
	236	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
[1839]	237
[1912]	238
[1819]	239	!
	240	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
	241
[1839]	242	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
	243	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
	244	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
	245
[1819]	246	!
	247	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
	248	TYPE file_status
	249	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
	250	END TYPE file_status
	251
[1912]	252	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
	253	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
[1819]	254
	255	!
	256	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
	257
[1839]	258	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	259	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	260	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	261	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
	262	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
[1819]	263
[1839]	264	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
[1819]	265
[1912]	266	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
	267	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
	268	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
	269	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
	270	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
	271	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
	272	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
	273	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
[1819]	274
[1912]	275	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
[1819]	276
[1912]	277	!
	278	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
[1864]	279	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
	280	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
[1912]	281	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
[1864]	282	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
[1839]	283	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
	284	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
[1819]	285
[1839]	286	!
	287	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
[1912]	288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
	289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
	290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
	291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
[1864]	292
[1912]	293	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
	294	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
[1819]	295
[1912]	296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
	297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
[1819]	298
[1912]	299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
	300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
[1819]	301
	302	!
	303	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
[1912]	304
[1839]	305	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
	306	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
	307	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
	308	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
	309	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
	310	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
	311	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
	312	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
	313	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
	314	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
	315	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
[3832]	316	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
	317	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
[1912]	318	!
	319	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
	320	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
	321	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
	322	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
	323	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
[3832]	324	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
[1819]	325
[1912]	326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
	327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
	328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
	329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
	330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
	331	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
	332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
	333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
	334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
	335
	336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
	337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
	338
	339	!
	340	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
	341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
	342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
	343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
	344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
	345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
	346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
	347
	348	!
	349	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
	350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
	351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
	352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
	353
	354	!
	355	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
	356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
	357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
	358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
	359
	360	!
	361	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
	362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
	363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
	364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
	365
	366	!
	367	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
	368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
	369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
	370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
	371	!
	372	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
	373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
	374
[1839]	375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
	376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
	377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
	378	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
	379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
	380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
	381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
	382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
	383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
[1819]	384
[1839]	385	!
	386	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
[1819]	387
[1912]	388	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
[1864]	389
[1912]	390	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
	391	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
	392	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
	393	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
	394	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
	395	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
	396	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
	397	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
[1819]	398
[1864]	399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
[2563]	400
[1839]	401	!
	402	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
[1819]	403
[1912]	404	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
	405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
	406	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
	407	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
	408	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
	409	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
	410	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
	411	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
	412	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
	413	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
	414	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
	415	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
	416	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
[1819]	417
[2563]	418	!
	419	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
	420	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
	421	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
	422	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
	423	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
	424	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
	425	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
	426	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
[1819]	427
[2563]	428
[1839]	429	SAVE
[1819]	430
[1839]	431
	432	INTERFACE wtm_parin
	433	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
	434	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
[2563]	435
[1912]	436	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
	437	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
	438	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
[3875]	439
[4411]	440	INTERFACE wtm_data_output
	441	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_data_output
	442	END INTERFACE wtm_data_output
	443
[1839]	444	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	445	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
	446	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	447
	448	INTERFACE wtm_init
	449	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
	450	END INTERFACE wtm_init
[2553]	451
[4411]	452	INTERFACE wtm_init_output
	453	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_output
	454	END INTERFACE wtm_init_output
	455
[3875]	456	INTERFACE wtm_actions
	457	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
	458	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
	459	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
[1819]	460
[3875]	461	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
	462	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
	463	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
[1819]	464
[3875]	465	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
	466	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
	467	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
[2563]	468
[3875]	469
	470	PUBLIC &
[4420]	471	dt_data_output_wtm, &
	472	time_wtm, &
	473	wind_turbine
	474
	475	PUBLIC &
[3875]	476	wtm_parin, &
	477	wtm_check_parameters, &
[4411]	478	wtm_data_output, &
[3875]	479	wtm_init_arrays, &
[4411]	480	wtm_init_output, &
[3875]	481	wtm_init, &
	482	wtm_actions, &
	483	wtm_rrd_global, &
	484	wtm_wrd_global
	485
	486
[1819]	487	CONTAINS
	488
	489
	490	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	491	! Description:
	492	! ------------
[1839]	493	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
[1819]	494	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	495	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
[1819]	496
[4434]	497	IMPLICIT NONE
[1819]	498
[1839]	499	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	500
[2932]	501	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
[4420]	502	air_dens, dtow, dt_data_output_wtm, gear_eff,&
	503	gear_ratio, &
[2932]	504	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
	505	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
	506	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
	507	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
	508	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
	509	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
	510	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
[3725]	511	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
[2932]	512	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
[3725]	513	! , turb_cd_nacelle
[1819]	514	!
[1839]	515	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
	516	REWIND ( 11 )
	517	line = ' '
[3248]	518	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	519	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[1839]	520	ENDDO
	521	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	522
	523	!
	524	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[4420]	525	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10, END = 12 )
[2932]	526	!
	527	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
	528	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
	529
[4420]	530	GOTO 12
[2932]	531
[3246]	532	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	533	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	534	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
[3246]	535
[4420]	536	12 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
[1839]	537
	538	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
	539
[2563]	540
	541	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	542	! Description:
	543	! ------------
[2894]	544	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
[2576]	545	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	546	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
[2576]	547
	548
[2563]	549	IMPLICIT NONE
[4420]	550
[2776]	551
[2894]	552	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
[2563]	553	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
[2894]	554
	555	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
[2563]	556	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
[2894]	557
	558	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
[2563]	559	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
[2894]	560
	561	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
[2563]	562	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
[2894]	563
	564	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
[2563]	565	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
[2894]	566
	567	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
	568	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
	569
	570	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
[2563]	571	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
[2894]	572
	573	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
[2563]	574	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
[2894]	575
	576	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
[2563]	577	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
[2894]	578
	579	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
[2563]	580	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
[2894]	581
[2563]	582
[2894]	583	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
[2563]	584
	585
	586	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	587	! Description:
	588	! ------------
	589	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
	590	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	591	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
[2563]	592
	593
[2894]	594	USE control_parameters, &
	595	ONLY: length, restart_string
	596
	597
[2563]	598	IMPLICIT NONE
	599
[2894]	600	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
[2563]	601
	602
[2894]	603	found = .TRUE.
[2563]	604
	605
[2894]	606	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
[2563]	607
[2894]	608	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
	609	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
	610	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
	611	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
	612	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
	613	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
	614	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
	615	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
	616	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
	617	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
	618	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
	619	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
	620	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
	621	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
	622	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
	623	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
	624	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
	625	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
	626	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
	627	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
[2563]	628
[2894]	629	CASE DEFAULT
[2563]	630
[2894]	631	found = .FALSE.
[2563]	632
[2894]	633	END SELECT
	634
[2563]	635
[2894]	636	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
	637
	638
[2563]	639	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	640	! Description:
	641	! ------------
	642	!> Check namelist parameter
	643	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	644	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	645
	646
	647	IMPLICIT NONE
	648
[4434]	649	IF ( .NOT. input_pids_wtm ) THEN
	650	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
	651	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
	652	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
	653	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	654	ENDIF
[1912]	655
[4434]	656	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
	657	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
	658	'a value equal or larger than zero'
	659	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	660	ENDIF
[1912]	661
[4434]	662
	663	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	664	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	665	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
	666
	667	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
	668	'have to be given for each turbine.'
	669	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	670	ENDIF
[1912]	671	ENDIF
[4434]	672
[1912]	673	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
[4420]	674	!
[1912]	675
[1839]	676	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	677	! Description:
	678	! ------------
	679	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
	680	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	681	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
	682
	683	IMPLICIT NONE
	684
[1864]	685	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
	686	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
	687
[1839]	688	!
[4434]	689	! Read wtm input file (netcdf) if it exists
	690	IF ( input_pids_wtm ) THEN
	691
	692	!
	693	!-- Open the wtm input file
	694	#if defined( __netcdf )
	695	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_wtm ) // &
	696	TRIM( coupling_char ), pids_id )
	697
	698	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
	699
	700	!
	701	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them
	702	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
	703	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
	704
	705	!
	706	!-- Input of all wtm parameters
	707	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'dtow' ) ) THEN
	708	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'dtow', dtow(1:nturbines))
	709	ENDIF
	710
	711	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'omega_rot' ) ) THEN
	712	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'omega_rot', omega_rot(1:nturbines))
	713	ENDIF
	714
	715	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'pitch_add' ) ) THEN
	716	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'pitch_add', pitch_add(1:nturbines))
	717	ENDIF
	718
	719	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'phi_yaw' ) ) THEN
	720	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'phi_yaw', phi_yaw(1:nturbines))
	721	ENDIF
	722
	723	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rcx' ) ) THEN
	724	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rcx', rcx(1:nturbines))
	725	ENDIF
	726
	727	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rcy' ) ) THEN
	728	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rcy', rcy(1:nturbines))
	729	ENDIF
	730
	731	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rcz' ) ) THEN
	732	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rcz', rcz(1:nturbines))
	733	ENDIF
	734
	735	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rnac' ) ) THEN
	736	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rnac', rnac(1:nturbines))
	737	ENDIF
	738
	739	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rr' ) ) THEN
	740	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rr', rr(1:nturbines))
	741	ENDIF
	742	!
	743	! IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'turb_cd_nacelle' ) ) THEN
	744	! CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'turb_cd_nacelle', turb_cd_nacelle(1:nturbines))
	745	! ENDIF
	746
	747	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'turb_cd_tower' ) ) THEN
	748	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'turb_cd_tower', turb_cd_tower(1:nturbines))
	749	ENDIF
	750	!
	751	!-- Close wtm input file
	752	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
	753
	754	ENDIF
	755	#endif
	756
	757	!
[1839]	758	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
[1819]	759	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
	760
	761	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
	762	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
	763
	764	nrings(:) = 0
	765	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
	766
	767	!
	768	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
	769	delta_r_factor = segment_width
	770	delta_t_factor = segment_length
[3065]	771	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
[1819]	772
	773	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	774	!
	775	!-- Determine number of rings:
	776	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
	777
	778	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
	779
	780	ENDDO
	781
	782	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
	783
	784	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
	785	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
	786
	787	nsegs(:,:) = 0
	788	nsegs_total(:) = 0
	789
	790
	791	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	792	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	793	!
	794	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
[1839]	795	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
	796	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
	797	delta_t_factor ) )
[1819]	798	ENDDO
	799	!
	800	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
[1839]	801	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
[1819]	802
	803	ENDDO
	804
	805	!
	806	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
	807	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
	808
[1864]	809	!!
	810	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
	811	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	812	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
	813	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	814	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
	815	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	816	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
	817	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
	818	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
	819	! ENDIF
[1819]	820
	821
	822	!
	823	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
	824	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
	825	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
	826	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
	827	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
	828	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
	829	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
	830	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	831	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	832
	833	!
	834	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
	835	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
	836	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
	837	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
	838	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
	839	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
	840	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
	841
	842	!
	843	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	844	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
	845	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
	846	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
	847	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
	848	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
	849	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
[1839]	850	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
	851	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
[1819]	852	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
	853	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
	854
	855	!
	856	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
	857	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	858	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	859	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	860	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	861	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	862	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	863
	864	!
	865	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
	866	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	867	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	868	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	869
	870	!
	871	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
[1912]	872	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	873	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	874	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	875	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	876	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	877	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	878	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1912]	879	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	880
	881	!
	882	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
	883	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	884	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	885	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	886	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	887	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	888	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	889
	890	!
	891	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
	892	i_hub(:) = 0
	893	i_smear(:) = 0
	894	j_hub(:) = 0
	895	j_smear(:) = 0
	896	k_hub(:) = 0
	897	k_smear(:) = 0
[1912]	898
[1819]	899	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	900	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	901
[2563]	902	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	903	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	904	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	905	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
	906	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	907	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	908	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	909	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	910	ENDIF
	911
[1819]	912	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
[3069]	913	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	914	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	915	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
[3069]	916	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
	917	phi_yaw_l(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	918
	919	!
	920	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	921	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
	922	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
	923	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
	924	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	925	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	926	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	927	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
	928	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	929	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
	930	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
	931
	932	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	933	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	934	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	935	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	936	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	937	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	938
	939	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	940	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	941	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	942
[1912]	943	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	944	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	945	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	946	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	947	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	948	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	949	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	950	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	951
	952	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	953	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	954	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	955	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	956	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	957	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	958
	959
[1839]	960	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
[1819]	961
	962
	963	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	964	! Description:
	965	! ------------
[1839]	966	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
[1819]	967	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	968	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
[1819]	969
[1839]	970
[3065]	971	USE control_parameters, &
	972	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
	973
[1819]	974	IMPLICIT NONE
	975
[4411]	976
	977
[1819]	978	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	979	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	980	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1864]	981
[4411]	982
[1819]	983	!
[1864]	984	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
	985	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
	986
[1839]	987	!
[1864]	988	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
	989	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
	990	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
	991
	992	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
	993
	994	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
	995	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
	996	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
	997	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
	998
[3885]	999	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
[3685]	1000
[1864]	1001	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
	1002	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
	1003	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
	1004	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	1005
[1839]	1006	!
[1819]	1007	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	1008	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
	1009	!-- (smearing of the forces)
[1819]	1010	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1011	!
[1839]	1012	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
	1013	!-- be calculated:
[1819]	1014
[1839]	1015	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
	1016	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
[1819]	1017	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
	1018	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
	1019	!
[1839]	1020	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
	1021	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
	1022	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
	1023	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
	1024	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
[1819]	1025	!
[3065]	1026	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
	1027	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
	1028	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
	1029	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
[3174]	1030	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) + &
	1031	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + &
	1032	eps_min) THEN
[3065]	1033	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
	1034	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
[3174]	1035	'greater than ',MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) +&
	1036	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + eps_min
[3066]	1037	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[3065]	1038	ENDIF
	1039	!
[1819]	1040	!-- Square of eps_min:
	1041	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
	1042	!
	1043	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
[1864]	1044	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
	1045	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
[1819]	1046	!
[1839]	1047	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
	1048	!-- function:
	1049	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
	1050
[1864]	1051	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
	1052	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
	1053
[1819]	1054	!
[1864]	1055	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
[2563]	1056	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	1057	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
	1058	ENDIF
[1819]	1059
[1864]	1060
[1819]	1061	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	1062	!
[1864]	1063	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
	1064	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	1065
	1066	!
	1067	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
	1068	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
	1069	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
[3065]	1070	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
[1819]	1071
	1072	!
	1073	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
[1839]	1074	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
	1075	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
	1076	!-- function of eps_min:
[1819]	1077	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
	1078	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
[3065]	1079	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
[1864]	1080
[1819]	1081	ENDDO
	1082
	1083	!
[2792]	1084	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
	1085	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
	1086	IF ( speed_control) THEN
	1087
[3875]	1088	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
[2792]	1089
	1090	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	1091
	1092	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	1093
	1094	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1095	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1096	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1097	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1098	ENDIF
	1099
	1100	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1101	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1102	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1103	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1104	ENDIF
	1105
	1106	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1107	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1108	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1109	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1110	ENDIF
	1111
	1112	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1113	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1114	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1115	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1116	ENDIF
	1117
	1118	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
	1119	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
	1120
	1121	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
	1122
	1123	ENDIF
	1124	ENDIF
	1125
	1126	END DO
	1127
	1128	ENDIF
	1129
	1130	ENDIF
	1131
	1132	!
[1819]	1133	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	1134	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
	1135	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
[1819]	1136	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1137	!
	1138	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
	1139	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
	1140
	1141	!
	1142	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
	1143	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
	1144	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
	1145
	1146	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
[1839]	1147
	1148	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1149
[1839]	1150
	1151	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
[1819]	1152	!
[1839]	1153	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
	1154	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
	1155	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
[1819]	1156	i = i_hub(inot)
	1157
	1158	!
[1839]	1159	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	1160	!-- grid point indices):
[1819]	1161	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	1162	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	1163	!
[1839]	1164	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	1165	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
	1166	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
	1167	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
	1168	!-- in grid box 1.
[3065]	1169	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
	1170	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
[1819]	1171
	1172	!
	1173	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
[1864]	1174	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
[1819]	1175	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	1176	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	1177
	1178	!
	1179	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
[1864]	1180	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
[1839]	1181	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1819]	1182
	1183	DO j = nys, nyn
	1184	!
[1839]	1185	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
	1186	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
	1187
[1819]	1188	DO k = nzb, nzt
	1189
	1190	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1191	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
[1839]	1192	!
[1819]	1193	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	1194	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	1195	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[3065]	1196	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
[1912]	1197	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	1198	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	1199	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1200	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	1201	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[3065]	1202	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
[1912]	1203	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	1204	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	1205	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1206	!
	1207	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	1208	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	1209	ELSE
[1912]	1210	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[3065]	1211	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
[1912]	1212	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1213	ENDIF
	1214	!
	1215	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	1216	ELSE
[3065]	1217	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
	1218	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
[1912]	1219	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1220	ENDIF
[1839]	1221	!
	1222	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
	1223	!-- are carried out:
[1819]	1224	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1225
[1839]	1226	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
	1227	!
[1819]	1228	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	1229	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[3065]	1230	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
[1839]	1231	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	1232	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
[1912]	1233	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1234	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[3065]	1235	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
[1839]	1236	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	1237	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
[1912]	1238	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	1239	!
	1240	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	1241	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	1242	ELSE
[3065]	1243	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
	1244	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1245	ENDIF
[1839]	1246	!
[1819]	1247	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	1248	ELSE
[3065]	1249	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
[1912]	1250	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	1251	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
	1252
	1253	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
	1254
	1255	ENDDO ! end loop over k
	1256
	1257	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
	1258
	1259	ENDDO ! end loop over j
	1260
	1261	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
[1819]	1262
[1839]	1263
[1912]	1264	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
[1819]	1265
[1839]	1266	!
[1864]	1267	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
	1268	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
	1269	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
	1270	!!
	1271	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
	1272	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
	1273	!!-- circle_points in the following):
	1274	!
	1275	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
	1276	!
	1277	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
	1278	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
	1279	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
	1280	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1281	!!
	1282	!!-- bottom intersection point
	1283	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
	1284	!!
	1285	!!-- top intersection point
	1286	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
	1287	! ELSE
	1288	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
	1289	! ENDIF
	1290	! ENDDO
	1291	!
	1292	!
	1293	! DO j = nys, nyn
	1294	!!
	1295	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
	1296	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
	1297	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
[1912]	1298	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	1299	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
	1300	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1301	!!
	1302	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
	1303	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
	1304	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
[1912]	1305	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	1306	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
	1307	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
	1308	!!
	1309	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
	1310	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
	1311	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
	1312	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
	1313	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
	1314	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
	1315	! dz_int = dz
	1316	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
	1317	!!
	1318	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
	1319	!!-- within the current grid box:
	1320	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1321	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1322	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
	1323	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
	1324	! ENDIF
	1325	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1326	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1327	! dz_int = dz_int - &
	1328	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
	1329	! ENDIF
	1330	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
	1331	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1332	! ENDIF
	1333	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
	1334	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1335	! ENDIF
	1336	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1912]	1337	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
	1338	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
[1864]	1339	! ENDIF
	1340	! ENDDO
	1341	! ENDIF
	1342	! ENDDO
	1343	! ENDIF
[1819]	1344	!
[1864]	1345	! ENDDO
[1819]	1346	!
[1912]	1347	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
[1819]	1348
[1864]	1349	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
[1819]	1350
[3065]	1351	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
	1352	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
[1819]	1353
[1912]	1354	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
[3685]	1355
[3885]	1356	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
[1839]	1357
[1864]	1358	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
	1359
	1360
[4411]	1361
[4423]	1362	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_output
[4411]	1363
	1364
[4426]	1365	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps !< number of timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
	1366	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps_max = 80000 !< number of maximum timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
[4423]	1367	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
	1368
	1369	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< running index
[4411]	1370
[4423]	1371	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ndim !< dummy to write dimension
[4411]	1372
	1373
	1374	!
[4423]	1375	!-- Create NetCDF output file
	1376	nc_filename = 'DATA_1D_TS_WTM_NETCDF' // TRIM( coupling_char )
	1377	return_value = dom_def_file( nc_filename, 'netcdf4-serial' )
[4411]	1378
[4423]	1379	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
[4411]	1380	!
	1381	!-- Define dimensions in output file
	1382	ALLOCATE( ndim(1:nturbines) )
	1383	DO n = 1, nturbines
	1384	ndim(n) = n
	1385	ENDDO
	1386	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
	1387	dimension_name = 'turbine', &
	1388	output_type = 'int32', &
	1389	bounds = (/1_iwp, nturbines/), &
	1390	values_int32 = ndim )
	1391	DEALLOCATE( ndim )
	1392
	1393	!
	1394	!-- time
	1395	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
[4426]	1396	dimension_name = 'time', &
	1397	output_type = 'real32', &
	1398	bounds = (/1_iwp/), &
	1399	values_realwp = (/0.0_wp/) )
[4411]	1400
	1401	!
	1402	!-- x
	1403	variable_name = 'x'
	1404	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
	1405	variable_name = variable_name, &
	1406	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
	1407	output_type = 'real32' )
	1408	!
	1409	!-- y
	1410	variable_name = 'y'
	1411	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
	1412	variable_name = variable_name, &
	1413	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
	1414	output_type = 'real32' )
	1415
	1416	variable_name = 'z'
	1417	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
	1418	variable_name = variable_name, &
	1419	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
	1420	output_type = 'real32' )
	1421
	1422
	1423	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1424	variable_name = 'time', &
	1425	attribute_name = 'units', &
	1426	value = 'seconds since ' // origin_date_time )
	1427
	1428	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1429	variable_name = 'x', &
	1430	attribute_name = 'units', &
	1431	value = 'm' )
	1432
	1433	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1434	variable_name = 'y', &
	1435	attribute_name = 'units', &
	1436	value = 'm' )
	1437
	1438	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1439	variable_name = 'z', &
	1440	attribute_name = 'units', &
	1441	value = 'm' )
	1442
	1443	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1444	variable_name = 'x', &
	1445	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
	1446	value = 'x location of rotor center' )
	1447
	1448	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1449	variable_name = 'y', &
	1450	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
	1451	value = 'y location of rotor center' )
	1452
	1453	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1454	variable_name = 'z', &
	1455	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
	1456	value = 'z location of rotor center' )
	1457
	1458
	1459	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1460	variable_name = 'turbine_name', &
	1461	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
	1462	value = 'turbine name')
	1463
	1464	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1465	variable_name = 'time', &
	1466	attribute_name = 'standard_name', &
	1467	value = 'time')
	1468
	1469	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1470	variable_name = 'time', &
	1471	attribute_name = 'axis', &
	1472	value = 'T')
	1473
	1474	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1475	variable_name = 'x', &
	1476	attribute_name = 'axis', &
	1477	value = 'X' )
	1478
	1479	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1480	variable_name = 'y', &
	1481	attribute_name = 'axis', &
	1482	value = 'Y' )
	1483
	1484
	1485	variable_name = 'rotor_speed'
	1486	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
	1487	variable_name = variable_name, &
[4412]	1488	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
[4411]	1489	output_type = 'real32' )
	1490
	1491	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1492	variable_name = variable_name, &
	1493	attribute_name = 'units', &
	1494	value = 'rad/s' )
	1495
	1496	variable_name = 'generator_speed'
	1497	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
	1498	variable_name = variable_name, &
[4412]	1499	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
[4411]	1500	output_type = 'real32' )
	1501
	1502	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1503	variable_name = variable_name, &
	1504	attribute_name = 'units', &
	1505	value = 'rad/s' )
	1506
	1507
	1508	variable_name = 'generator_torque'
	1509	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
	1510	variable_name = variable_name, &
[4412]	1511	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
[4411]	1512	output_type = 'real32' )
	1513
	1514	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1515	variable_name = variable_name, &
	1516	attribute_name = 'units', &
	1517	value = 'Nm' )
	1518
	1519	variable_name = 'rotor_torque'
	1520	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
	1521	variable_name = variable_name, &
[4412]	1522	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
[4411]	1523	output_type = 'real32' )
	1524
	1525	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1526	variable_name = variable_name, &
	1527	attribute_name = 'units', &
	1528	value = 'Nm' )
	1529
	1530	variable_name = 'pitch_angle'
	1531	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
	1532	variable_name = variable_name, &
[4412]	1533	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
[4411]	1534	output_type = 'real32' )
	1535
	1536	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1537	variable_name = variable_name, &
	1538	attribute_name = 'units', &
	1539	value = 'degrees' )
	1540
	1541	variable_name = 'generator_power'
	1542	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
	1543	variable_name = variable_name, &
[4412]	1544	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
[4411]	1545	output_type = 'real32' )
	1546
	1547	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1548	variable_name = variable_name, &
	1549	attribute_name = 'units', &
	1550	value = 'W' )
	1551
	1552	variable_name = 'rotor_power'
	1553	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
	1554	variable_name = variable_name, &
[4412]	1555	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
[4411]	1556	output_type = 'real32' )
	1557
	1558	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1559	variable_name = variable_name, &
	1560	attribute_name = 'units', &
	1561	value = 'W' )
	1562
	1563	variable_name = 'rotor_thrust'
	1564	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
	1565	variable_name = variable_name, &
[4412]	1566	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
[4411]	1567	output_type = 'real32' )
	1568
	1569	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1570	variable_name = variable_name, &
	1571	attribute_name = 'units', &
	1572	value = 'N' )
	1573
	1574
	1575	variable_name = 'wind_direction'
	1576	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
	1577	variable_name = variable_name, &
[4412]	1578	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
[4411]	1579	output_type = 'real32' )
	1580
	1581	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1582	variable_name = variable_name, &
	1583	attribute_name = 'units', &
	1584	value = 'degrees' )
	1585
	1586	variable_name = 'yaw_angle'
	1587	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
	1588	variable_name = variable_name, &
[4412]	1589	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
[4411]	1590	output_type = 'real32' )
	1591
	1592	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
	1593	variable_name = variable_name, &
	1594	attribute_name = 'units', &
	1595	value = 'degrees' )
[4423]	1596
	1597	ENDIF
	1598	END SUBROUTINE
[4411]	1599
[1819]	1600	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1864]	1601	! Description:
	1602	! ------------
	1603	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
	1604	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
[1819]	1605	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	1606	!
	1607	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1608
[1839]	1609
[1864]	1610	IMPLICIT NONE
	1611
	1612	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
	1613	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
[1843]	1614
[1864]	1615	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
	1616
	1617	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
[1839]	1618
[1864]	1619	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
	1620	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
	1621	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
	1622	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
	1623	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
	1624	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
	1625	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
	1626	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
	1627	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
	1628	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
[1839]	1629
[1864]	1630	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
	1631	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
	1632	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
[1839]	1633
[1864]	1634	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
	1635	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
[1839]	1636
[1864]	1637	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
	1638	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
	1639	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
	1640	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
	1641	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
[1839]	1642
[1864]	1643	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
	1644	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
	1645	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
	1646	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
	1647	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
[1839]	1648
[1864]	1649	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
[1839]	1650
[1864]	1651	!
	1652	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
	1653	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
	1654
[2323]	1655	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1656
	1657	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
	1658	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
[2322]	1659	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1864]	1660	ENDIF
	1661	!
	1662	!-- Read distribution table:
	1663
	1664	dlen = 0
	1665
[2323]	1666	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1667
	1668	rloop3: DO
[2323]	1669	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1670	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
	1671	dlen = dlen + 1
	1672	ENDDO rloop3
	1673
	1674	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
	1675
	1676	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1677	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1678	ENDDO
	1679
	1680	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1681	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
[1864]	1682	ENDDO
	1683
	1684	!
	1685	!-- Read layout table:
	1686
[1839]	1687	dlen = 0
[1864]	1688
[2323]	1689	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
[1864]	1690
[1843]	1691	rloop1: DO
[2323]	1692	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1693	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
	1694	dlen = dlen + 1
[1843]	1695	ENDDO rloop1
[1864]	1696
[1839]	1697	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
[1864]	1698	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
[2323]	1699	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1700	ENDDO
	1701	DO jj = 1, dlen
[2323]	1702	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
[1839]	1703	ENDDO
[1819]	1704
[1864]	1705	!
	1706	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
[1819]	1707
[1864]	1708	dlen = 0
	1709
[2323]	1710	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1711
[1843]	1712	rloop2: DO
[2323]	1713	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1714	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
	1715	dlen = dlen + 1
	1716	ENDDO rloop2
	1717
[1912]	1718	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
[1864]	1719	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
	1720
	1721	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1722	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1723	ENDDO
	1724
[1839]	1725	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1726	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
[1864]	1727	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
	1728	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
	1729	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
	1730	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
[1819]	1731	ENDDO
[1864]	1732
[1839]	1733	ENDDO
[1864]	1734
	1735	dlenbl = dlen
	1736
[2323]	1737	CLOSE ( 90 )
[1819]	1738
[1864]	1739	!
[2836]	1740	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
	1741	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
[1864]	1742	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
	1743	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
	1744	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
[1839]	1745
[2836]	1746	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
	1747	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
	1748	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
	1749	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
[1819]	1750
[1864]	1751	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
	1752	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
[1839]	1753
[2836]	1754	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1755	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
[1864]	1756
[2836]	1757	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
[1864]	1758
[2836]	1759	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
	1760	!
	1761	!-- Find position in table 1
	1762	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
	1763	! lct(1) = lct(1)
[1864]	1764
[4144]	1765	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
[2836]	1766	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
	1767	ENDIF
[1864]	1768
[2836]	1769	trow = lct(1)
	1770	!
	1771	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
	1772	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1773	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1774	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
	1775	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
[1864]	1776
[4144]	1777	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
	1778	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
	1779	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
[2836]	1780	ENDIF
	1781
	1782	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
	1783	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1784	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1785	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1786	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1787
[3593]	1788	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
[2836]	1789	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
	1790	! explicitly
	1791	ELSE
	1792	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
	1793	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
	1794	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
	1795	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
	1796	!
[3593]	1797	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
[2836]	1798	!-- explicitly
	1799	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
	1800	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
	1801	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
	1802	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
	1803	ENDIF
	1804
	1805	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
	1806
[1864]	1807	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
	1808	ialpha = 1
[2836]	1809
[4343]	1810	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha < dlen ) )
[1864]	1811	ialpha = ialpha + 1
	1812	ENDDO
[1819]	1813
[1864]	1814	!
[1912]	1815	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
	1816	!-- segments and angles of attack
[3182]	1817
[1912]	1818	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1819	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1820	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1821	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1822	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1823	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1824	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1825	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1826	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1827	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1828	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1829	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
[1912]	1830	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1831	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1832	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1833	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1834	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1835	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1836	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1837	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1838	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1839	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1840	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1841	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
[2836]	1842
[1912]	1843	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
[2836]	1844
	1845	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
[1819]	1846
[2836]	1847
[1912]	1848	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1849
	1850
[1864]	1851	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1852	! Description:
	1853	! ------------
	1854	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
	1855	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
	1856	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1857	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	1858
[1864]	1859
	1860	IMPLICIT NONE
	1861
	1862	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	1863	!
	1864	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
	1865	!-- the rotors
	1866	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
	1867	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
	1868	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
	1869
	1870	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1871	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1872	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1873
	1874	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
	1875	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
	1876	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
[1839]	1877
[1864]	1878	!
	1879	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
	1880	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
[1819]	1881
[1912]	1882	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
[1864]	1883	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1884	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1885	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1886	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1887	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1888	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1889	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1890	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1891	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1892	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1893	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
[1864]	1894	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1895	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1896	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1897	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1898	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1899	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1900	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1901	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1902	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1903	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1904	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
[1864]	1905	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1839]	1906
[1864]	1907	!
	1908	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
	1909	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
	1910	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
	1911	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
	1912	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
	1913
	1914	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
[1839]	1915
	1916
[1819]	1917	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1918	! Description:
	1919	! ------------
[1839]	1920	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
[1819]	1921	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1922	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	1923
[1864]	1924
[1819]	1925	IMPLICIT NONE
	1926
[2669]	1927	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
[1819]	1928
[1839]	1929	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
	1930	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	1931	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
[3241]	1932	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
	1933	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
[1839]	1934	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
[4411]	1935
[2232]	1936	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
[1839]	1937	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
	1938	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
[1912]	1939
	1940	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
	1941	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
	1942
	1943	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
[4411]	1944
[1912]	1945
[1839]	1946	!
[1819]	1947	! Variables for pitch control
[3241]	1948	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
[1839]	1949
[3241]	1950	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
	1951	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
[2152]	1952
	1953	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
[1819]	1954
	1955
[1864]	1956	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
[1819]	1957
	1958
[4411]	1959	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	1960
[1864]	1961	!
[1819]	1962	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
	1963	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1964	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1965	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1966	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1967	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1968	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1969	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1970	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1971	!
	1972	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	1973	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	1974
	1975	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1976	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1977	!
[1839]	1978	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[3832]	1979
	1980	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
	1981	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
	1982	!$OMP DO
[1819]	1983	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1984
	1985	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	1986	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	1987	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
	1988	!
	1989	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1990	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
	1991
	1992	!
[1839]	1993	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1994	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1995	!
[1864]	1996	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1997	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
	1998	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1999	!
[1864]	2000	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	2001	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	2002	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	2003	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	2004	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
	2005	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
	2006
[1864]	2007	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	2008	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	2009	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
[1839]	2010	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
[1819]	2011	re(3) = sin_rot
	2012
	2013	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	2014	!
	2015	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	2016	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	2017	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	2018	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	2019
[1864]	2020	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	2021	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
	2022	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
	2023	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
	2024	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	2025
	2026	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2027	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2028
	2029	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2030	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2031
	2032	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2033	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2034
	2035	!
	2036	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
	2037
	2038	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
	2039	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[3065]	2040	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
[1819]	2041	!
[1864]	2042	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	2043	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	2044	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	2045	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	2046
[1839]	2047	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	2048	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	2049	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	2050	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	2051	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	2052	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	2053	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	2054	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	2055	gg = dx * dy
	2056
[1864]	2057	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
	2058	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	2059	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	2060	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	2061	) / gg
	2062
[1864]	2063	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	2064	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	2065	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	2066	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	2067	) / gg
	2068
[1864]	2069	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
[3065]	2070	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
[1819]	2071	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
	2072
	2073	ELSE
	2074	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2075	ENDIF
	2076	ELSE
	2077	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2078	ENDIF
	2079
	2080
	2081	!
	2082	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
	2083	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[1839]	2084	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
[3065]	2085	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
[1819]	2086	!
[1864]	2087	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	2088	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	2089	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	2090	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	2091
[1839]	2092	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	2093	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	2094	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	2095	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	2096	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	2097	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
	2098	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	2099	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
[1819]	2100	gg = dx * dy
	2101
[1864]	2102	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
	2103	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	2104	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	2105	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	2106	) / gg
	2107
[1864]	2108	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	2109	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	2110	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	2111	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	2112	) / gg
	2113
[1864]	2114	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
[3065]	2115	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
[1819]	2116	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
	2117
	2118	ELSE
	2119	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2120	ENDIF
	2121	ELSE
	2122	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2123	ENDIF
	2124
	2125
	2126	!
	2127	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
	2128	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	2129	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[3065]	2130	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
[1819]	2131	!
[1864]	2132	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	2133	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	2134	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	2135	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	2136
[1839]	2137	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	2138	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	2139	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	2140	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	2141	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	2142	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	2143	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	2144	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	2145	gg = dx * dy
	2146
[1864]	2147	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
	2148	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	2149	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	2150	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	2151	) / gg
	2152
[1864]	2153	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	2154	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	2155	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	2156	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	2157	) / gg
	2158
[1864]	2159	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
[3065]	2160	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
[1819]	2161	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
	2162	ELSE
	2163	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2164	ENDIF
	2165	ELSE
	2166	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2167	ENDIF
	2168
	2169	ENDDO
	2170	ENDDO
[3832]	2171	!$OMP END PARALLEL
[1819]	2172
	2173	ENDDO
	2174
	2175	!
	2176	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
	2177	#if defined( __parallel )
[1839]	2178	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	2179	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2180	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	2181	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2182	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	2183	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1819]	2184	#else
	2185	u_int = u_int_1_l
	2186	v_int = v_int_1_l
	2187	w_int = w_int_1_l
	2188	#endif
	2189
	2190
	2191	!
	2192	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
[1912]	2193
[1819]	2194	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1912]	2195	pit_loop: DO
[1819]	2196
[1912]	2197	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
[1839]	2198	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	2199	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
	2200	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
	2201	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
	2202	ELSE
	2203	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	2204	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	2205	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
	2206	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
	2207	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
	2208	ENDIF
[1819]	2209	ENDIF
	2210
[1839]	2211	!
	2212	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[3832]	2213	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
	2214	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
	2215	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
	2216	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
	2217	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
	2218	!$OMP DO
[1819]	2219	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	2220	!
	2221	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	2222	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
[1839]	2223	!
	2224	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	2225	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	2226	!
[1839]	2227	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	2228	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	2229	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	2230	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	2231	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
	2232	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
	2233	!
[1839]	2234	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	2235	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	2236	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
	2237	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
	2238	re(3) = sin_rot
	2239
[1864]	2240	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
[1819]	2241	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
	2242	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
	2243	rea(3) = cos_rot
	2244
	2245	!
[1864]	2246	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
	2247	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
	2248	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
[1819]	2249	ren(1) = cos_yaw
	2250	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
	2251	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
	2252	!
	2253	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
[1864]	2254	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
	2255	!-- tilt:
[1819]	2256	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	2257	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
	2258	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
	2259	!
	2260	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	2261	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	2262
	2263	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	2264
	2265	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	2266
	2267	!
[1864]	2268	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	2269	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
	2270	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	2271	!
[1864]	2272	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
[2553]	2273	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
[1819]	2274	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
	2275	!-- coordinates y' and z.
	2276	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
	2277	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
[1864]	2278	!
	2279	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
	2280	!
[1819]	2281	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
[1864]	2282	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
	2283	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
[1819]	2284	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
	2285	!
[1864]	2286	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
	2287	!-- direction:
	2288	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
	2289	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
[1819]	2290	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
	2291	!
[1864]	2292	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
	2293	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
[1819]	2294
[4434]	2295	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN2( u_rot , &
[1864]	2296	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	2297	vtheta(rseg) ) )
	2298
	2299	!
[1864]	2300	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
	2301	!-- to the current radial position:
[1819]	2302
	2303	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
	2304	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
	2305
	2306	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	2307	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2308	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
[1864]	2309	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
	2310	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	2311	ELSE
[1864]	2312	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
	2313	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	2314	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
	2315	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
	2316	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	2317	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	2318	ENDIF
	2319
	2320	!
[1864]	2321	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
	2322	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
	2323	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
	2324	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	2325	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	2326	!
[1864]	2327	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
	2328	!-- angle of attack:
[1819]	2329	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
	2330	!
[1864]	2331	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
	2332	!-- to angles given in degree:
	2333	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	2334	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
	2335	!
[1864]	2336	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
[3139]	2337	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_add(inot)
[1819]	2338
	2339	!
[1864]	2340	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
	2341	!-- to the rotor:
[1912]	2342	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
	2343	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	2344	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
	2345
	2346	!
[1864]	2347	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	2348	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
	2349	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
	2350	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	2351
	2352	!
[1864]	2353	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
	2354	!-- the current radial position:
[1819]	2355
	2356	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	2357	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2358	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
[1864]	2359	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	2360	ELSE
[1864]	2361	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
	2362	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	2363	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
	2364	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
	2365	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	2366	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	2367	ENDIF
	2368
	2369	!
	2370	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
[1864]	2371	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
[2836]	2372	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
	2373	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
[1864]	2374	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
[2836]	2375	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
[1819]	2376	!
	2377	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
[1864]	2378	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	2379	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
[1819]	2380	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
	2381	!
[1864]	2382	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
	2383	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
[1839]	2384	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
	2385	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
[1819]	2386
	2387	!
[1864]	2388	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
	2389	!-- angles given in radian:
	2390	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	2391	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	2392
[2152]	2393	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
	2394
	2395	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
	2396	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
	2397	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
	2398	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
	2399	!--
	2400	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
	2401	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
	2402	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
	2403
	2404	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
	2405
[2894]	2406	ENDIF
[1819]	2407	!
	2408	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	2409	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
	2410	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	2411
	2412	!
[1864]	2413	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
[1819]	2414
	2415	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
	2416	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
	2417
	2418	!
[1864]	2419	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
	2420	!-- for each ring segment:
	2421	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
	2422	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
	2423	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	2424
	2425	!
[1864]	2426	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
	2427	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
	2428	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
	2429	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
	2430	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
	2431	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
[1839]	2432	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	2433	!
	2434	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
[1864]	2435	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
	2436	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
[1819]	2437
	2438	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
	2439	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
	2440
[1912]	2441	!
	2442	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
[3832]	2443	!$OMP CRITICAL
[1912]	2444	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
	2445	thrust_seg(rseg)
	2446
	2447
[1819]	2448	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
[3832]	2449	!$OMP END CRITICAL
[1819]	2450
[1864]	2451	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
[1819]	2452
	2453	!
[1864]	2454	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
	2455	!-- each ring:
[1819]	2456	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
	2457	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
	2458	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
	2459
	2460
[1864]	2461	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
[3832]	2462	!$OMP END PARALLEL
[1819]	2463
	2464
[1864]	2465	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
[1819]	2466
[1912]	2467
	2468	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2469	!
	2470	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
	2471
	2472	!
	2473	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
	2474	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
	2475	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
	2476	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
	2477	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
	2478	( inertia_rot + &
	2479	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
[1819]	2480
[1912]	2481	!
	2482	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
	2483	!-- and rotor speed
	2484	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
	2485
	2486	ENDIF
	2487
[1864]	2488	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
[1819]	2489
[1912]	2490	!
	2491	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
	2492	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
	2493	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
	2494	!-- gain
	2495	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
	2496	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
	2497	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
	2498	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
[1864]	2499	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
[1912]	2500	!
	2501	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
	2502	CYCLE pit_loop
[1819]	2503	ENDIF
[1912]	2504
	2505	!
	2506	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
	2507	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
[1864]	2508	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
[1819]	2509	ENDIF
[1912]	2510	EXIT pit_loop
	2511	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
[1819]	2512
[1864]	2513
[1819]	2514	!
[1864]	2515	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
	2516
[1819]	2517	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2518	!
[1864]	2519	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2520	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2521	THEN
	2522	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2523	THEN
[1864]	2524	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2525	ENDIF
[1912]	2526	ENDIF
[1864]	2527
[1819]	2528	ENDIF
	2529
	2530
[1864]	2531	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
[1819]	2532
[1864]	2533	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
[1819]	2534
	2535
[1864]	2536	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
	2537	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
	2538	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
	2539	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	2540	!
[1864]	2541	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
	2542	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
[1819]	2543	!
	2544	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
[1864]	2545	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
	2546	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
	2547	!-- consideration
[1819]	2548	!
[1864]	2549	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
	2550	!-- of the model domain:
[1819]	2551	!
	2552	!--
	2553	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
[1864]	2554	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
	2555	eps_min ) / dx )
	2556	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
	2557	eps_min ) / dy )
[1819]	2558
[3832]	2559	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
	2560	!$OMP DO
[1864]	2561	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	2562	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
[1864]	2563	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	2564	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
[2232]	2565	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
	2566	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
	2567	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
[1819]	2568	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	2569	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	2570	!
[2232]	2571	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
[4346]	2572	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[2232]	2573
	2574	!
[1819]	2575	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
	2576	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
[1864]	2577	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2578	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
[3065]	2579	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1864]	2580	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2581	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
[3065]	2582	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1864]	2583	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2584	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
[3065]	2585	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1819]	2586
	2587	!
	2588	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
	2589	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
	2590	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
	2591	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
	2592	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
	2593	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2594	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
	2595	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
	2596	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2597	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
	2598	flag
[1819]	2599	ENDIF
	2600	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2601	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
	2602	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
	2603	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2604	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2605	flag
[1819]	2606	ENDIF
	2607	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2608	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
	2609	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
	2610	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2611	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2612	flag
[1819]	2613	ENDIF
	2614
	2615	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
	2616	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
	2617
	2618	!
	2619	!-- Rotation of force components:
[2232]	2620	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2621	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
	2622	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
[2232]	2623	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
	2624	) * flag
[1819]	2625
[2232]	2626	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2627	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
	2628	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
[2232]	2629	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
	2630	) * flag
[1819]	2631
[2232]	2632	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2633	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
	2634	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
[2232]	2635	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
	2636	) * flag
[1819]	2637
	2638	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
	2639	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
	2640	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
[3832]	2641	!$OMP END PARALLEL
[1819]	2642
[1864]	2643	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
[1819]	2644
[1912]	2645	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2646
	2647
	2648	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
	2649	!
	2650	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
	2651	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
	2652	IF ( start_up ) THEN
[4434]	2653	WDLON = MAX( 1 , NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 30s running mean array
[1819]	2654	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
[1912]	2655	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2656	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
	2657
[4434]	2658	WDSHO = MAX( 1 , NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 2s running mean array
[1819]	2659	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
[1912]	2660	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2661	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
	2662	start_up = .FALSE.
	2663	ENDIF
	2664
	2665	!
	2666	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
	2667	!--
	2668	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	2669	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2670	!
	2671	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2672	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2673	THEN
	2674	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2675	THEN
[1864]	2676
[1819]	2677	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
[1864]	2678
[1912]	2679	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
	2680	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
	2681	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
	2682	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
	2683	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
[1864]	2684
	2685	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2686
[1819]	2687	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
[2015]	2688
[1819]	2689	ENDIF
	2690	ENDIF
	2691
[1864]	2692	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
	2693
	2694	!
[1929]	2695	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
	2696	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2697	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2698	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2699	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2700	comm2d, ierr )
	2701	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2702	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2703	#else
	2704	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
	2705	wdir = wdir_l
	2706	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
[2015]	2707
	2708
[1929]	2709	#endif
[1819]	2710	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1864]	2711	!
	2712	!-- Update rotor orientation
	2713	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	2714
	2715	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
	2716
[2894]	2717	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
[1864]	2718
	2719	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2720	!
	2721	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
[1912]	2722	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2723	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2724	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2725	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2726	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2727	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
	2728	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1912]	2729	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
	2730	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2731	#else
	2732	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
	2733	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
	2734	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
	2735	#endif
[1864]	2736
	2737	ENDIF
[1819]	2738
[4411]	2739
	2740
	2741
[1819]	2742	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2743
[4411]	2744
	2745
[1819]	2746	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	2747	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
[4411]	2748	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) time_since_reference_point, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2749	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2750	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2751	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2752	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2753	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2754	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2755	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1912]	2756
[1819]	2757	ELSE
	2758
[2669]	2759	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
	2760	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
	2761	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
	2762	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
[1819]	2763	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
[4411]	2764	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) time_since_reference_point, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2765	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2766	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2767	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2768	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2769	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2770	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2771	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1819]	2772	ENDIF
	2773	ENDIF
	2774
[1912]	2775	!-- Set open flag
[1819]	2776	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
[1864]	2777	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2778
[4411]	2779
	2780
	2781	ENDIF
[1819]	2782
[4411]	2783
[1864]	2784	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
[1819]	2785
[1912]	2786	!
	2787	!-- Formats
[1819]	2788	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
	2789	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
[4326]	2790	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed GenTorque AeroTorque ', &
	2791	'Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) RotThrust WDirection ', &
	2792	'YawOrient')
[1819]	2793
[4326]	2794	106 FORMAT (F9.2,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F12.1,3X,F12.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F12.1,2X, &
	2795	F12.1,1X,F12.1,4X,F7.2,4X,F7.2)
[1819]	2796
[4411]	2797
	2798
[1819]	2799	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	2800
	2801
[1839]	2802	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2803	! Description:
	2804	! ------------
	2805	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
	2806	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2807	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2808
[1819]	2809	USE kinds
[1839]	2810
	2811	IMPLICIT NONE
[1819]	2812
	2813	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2814	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
	2815	REAL(wp) :: missal
	2816
	2817	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
	2818
	2819	!
[1864]	2820	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
	2821	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
[3593]	2822	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
	2823	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
[1864]	2824	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
	2825	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
	2826	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
	2827	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
	2828	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
	2829	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
	2830	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
	2831	!
	2832	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
[1819]	2833	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
[1843]	2834	!
[1864]	2835	!-- Write current wind direction into array
[1843]	2836	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
	2837	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
[1819]	2838	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2839	!
[1864]	2840	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
[1819]	2841	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
	2842
	2843	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
	2844	!
[1864]	2845	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
[1843]	2846	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
	2847	!
[1864]	2848	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
[1843]	2849	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
[1819]	2850	!
[1864]	2851	!-- Start yawing of turbine
[1843]	2852	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2853	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
[1864]	2854	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2855	ENDIF
	2856	ENDIF
	2857
	2858	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
	2859
	2860	!
[1864]	2861	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
	2862	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
	2863	!-- than min_miss
[1819]	2864
	2865	ELSE
	2866	!
	2867	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
	2868	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
[1864]	2869	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
[1819]	2870	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2871	!
[1864]	2872	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
	2873	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
	2874	!
	2875	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
[1819]	2876	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
[1864]	2877	!
	2878	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
	2879	!-- yaw direction is still right
	2880	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
	2881	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
	2882	!
	2883	!-- Continue yawing
	2884	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2885	ELSE
[1864]	2886	!
	2887	!-- Stop yawing
[1819]	2888	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
[1864]	2889	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2890	ENDIF
	2891	ELSE
[1864]	2892	!
	2893	!-- Continue yawing
[1843]	2894	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2895	ENDIF
	2896
	2897	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
	2898
	2899	ENDIF
	2900
[1839]	2901	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	2902
[1864]	2903
[1819]	2904	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2905	! Description:
	2906	! ------------
[1864]	2907	!> Initialization of the speed control
	2908	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2909	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2910
	2911
	2912	IMPLICIT NONE
	2913
	2914	!
	2915	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
	2916	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
	2917	!
	2918	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
	2919	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
	2920	!
	2921	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
	2922	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
	2923	!
	2924	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
	2925	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
	2926	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
	2927	!
	2928	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
	2929	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
	2930	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
[2410]	2931	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
[1864]	2932	!
	2933	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
	2934	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
	2935	!
	2936	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
	2937	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
[2563]	2938	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	2939	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
	2940	ENDIF
[1864]	2941
	2942	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2943
	2944
	2945	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2946	! Description:
	2947	! ------------
	2948	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
	2949	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2950	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2951
	2952
	2953	IMPLICIT NONE
	2954
[1912]	2955	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2956
	2957
[1864]	2958
	2959	!
	2960	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
	2961	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
	2962	!-- offshore system developement"
	2963
	2964	!
	2965	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
	2966	!-- for the control of the generator torque
	2967	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
[1912]	2968	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
[1864]	2969	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
	2970
	2971	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
	2972	!
	2973	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
	2974	torque_gen(inot) = 0
	2975
	2976	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
	2977	!
	2978	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
	2979	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
	2980
	2981	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
	2982	!
	2983	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
	2984	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
	2985	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
	2986
	2987	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
	2988	!
	2989	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
	2990	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
	2991
	2992	ELSE
	2993	!
	2994	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
	2995	!-- keep the power constant:
	2996	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
	2997
	2998	ENDIF
	2999	!
	3000	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
	3001	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
	3002	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
	3003	!
	3004	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
	3005	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
	3006	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
	3007	!
	3008	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
[1912]	3009	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
[1864]	3010
	3011
	3012	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
	3013
	3014
	3015	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	3016	! Description:
	3017	! ------------
[1839]	3018	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	3019	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	3020	!> Call for all grid points
[1819]	3021	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3875]	3022	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
[1819]	3023
	3024
[3875]	3025	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
	3026
[1839]	3027	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	3028	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	3029	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	3030
	3031
[3875]	3032	SELECT CASE ( location )
[1819]	3033
[3875]	3034	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
	3035
	3036	CALL wtm_forces
	3037
	3038	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
[1819]	3039	!
	3040	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[4411]	3041	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	3042	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	3043	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	3044	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1819]	3045	!
[1864]	3046	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	3047	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[2553]	3048	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	3049	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	3050	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2553]	3051
[2232]	3052	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	3053	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	3054	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	3055	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	3056	ENDDO
	3057	ENDDO
	3058	ENDDO
	3059	ENDIF
	3060
[3875]	3061	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
[1819]	3062	!
	3063	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[4411]	3064	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	3065	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	3066	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	3067	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1912]	3068	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	3069	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	3070	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	3071	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	3072	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	3073	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	3074	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	3075	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[1819]	3076	ENDDO
	3077	ENDDO
	3078	ENDDO
	3079	ENDIF
	3080
[3875]	3081	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
[1819]	3082	!
	3083	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[4411]	3084	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	3085	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	3086	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	3087	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[2232]	3088	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	3089	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	3090	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	3091	ENDDO
	3092	ENDDO
	3093	ENDDO
	3094	ENDIF
	3095
	3096
	3097	CASE DEFAULT
[4056]	3098	CONTINUE
[1819]	3099
	3100	END SELECT
	3101
	3102
[3875]	3103	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
[1819]	3104
	3105
	3106	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	3107	! Description:
	3108	! ------------
[1839]	3109	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	3110	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	3111	!> Call for grid point i,j
[1819]	3112	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3875]	3113	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
[1819]	3114
	3115
[3875]	3116	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
[1839]	3117	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	3118	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	3119	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	3120
[3875]	3121	SELECT CASE ( location )
[1819]	3122
[3875]	3123	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
	3124
	3125	CALL wtm_forces
	3126
	3127	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
[1819]	3128	!
	3129	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[4411]	3130	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	3131	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1819]	3132	!
[1839]	3133	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	3134	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	3135	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	3136	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	3137	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2232]	3138	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	3139	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	3140	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	3141	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	3142	ENDDO
	3143	ENDIF
	3144
[3875]	3145	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
[1819]	3146	!
	3147	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[4411]	3148	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	3149	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1912]	3150	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	3151	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	3152	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	3153	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	3154	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	3155	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	3156	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	3157	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[2553]	3158	ENDDO
[1819]	3159	ENDIF
	3160
[3875]	3161	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
[1819]	3162	!
	3163	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[4411]	3164	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	3165	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[2232]	3166	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	3167	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	3168	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	3169	ENDDO
	3170	ENDIF
	3171
	3172
	3173	CASE DEFAULT
[4056]	3174	CONTINUE
[1819]	3175
	3176	END SELECT
	3177
	3178
[3875]	3179	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
[1819]	3180
[4411]	3181
	3182	SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
	3183
	3184
[4423]	3185	INTEGER(iwp) :: t_ind = 0 !< time index
[4411]	3186
	3187	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
	3188
[4423]	3189	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	3190
[4411]	3191	!
[4423]	3192	!-- At the first call of this routine write the spatial coordinates.
	3193	IF ( .NOT. initial_write_coordinates ) THEN
	3194	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:nturbines) )
	3195	output_values_1d_target = rcx(1:nturbines)
	3196	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
	3197	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
	3198	'x', &
	3199	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
	3200	bounds_start = (/1/), &
	3201	bounds_end = (/nturbines/) )
[4411]	3202
[4423]	3203	output_values_1d_target = rcy(1:nturbines)
	3204	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
	3205	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
	3206	'y', &
	3207	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
	3208	bounds_start = (/1/), &
	3209	bounds_end = (/nturbines/) )
[4411]	3210
[4423]	3211	output_values_1d_target = rcz(1:nturbines)
	3212	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
	3213	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
	3214	'z', &
	3215	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
	3216	bounds_start = (/1/), &
	3217	bounds_end = (/nturbines/) )
[4411]	3218
[4423]	3219	initial_write_coordinates = .TRUE.
	3220	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
	3221	ENDIF
[4411]	3222
[4423]	3223	t_ind = t_ind + 1
[4411]	3224
[4423]	3225	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:nturbines) )
	3226	output_values_1d_target = omega_rot(:)
	3227	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
[4411]	3228
[4423]	3229	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
	3230	'rotor_speed', &
	3231	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
	3232	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
	3233	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
[4411]	3234
[4423]	3235	output_values_1d_target = omega_gen(:)
	3236	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
	3237	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
	3238	'generator_speed', &
	3239	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
	3240	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
	3241	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
[4411]	3242
[4423]	3243	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)
	3244	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
[4411]	3245
[4423]	3246	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
	3247	'generator_torque', &
	3248	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
	3249	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
	3250	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
[4411]	3251
[4423]	3252	output_values_1d_target = torque_total(:)
	3253	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
[4411]	3254
[4423]	3255	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
	3256	'rotor_torque', &
	3257	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
	3258	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
	3259	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
[4411]	3260
[4423]	3261	output_values_1d_target = pitch_add(:)
	3262	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
[4411]	3263
[4423]	3264	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
	3265	'pitch_angle', &
	3266	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
	3267	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
	3268	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
[4411]	3269
[4423]	3270	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)omega_gen(:)gen_eff
	3271	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
[4411]	3272
[4423]	3273	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
	3274	'generator_power', &
	3275	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
	3276	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
	3277	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
[4411]	3278
[4423]	3279	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	3280	output_values_1d_target(inot) = torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens
	3281	ENDDO
	3282	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
[4411]	3283
[4423]	3284	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
	3285	'rotor_power', &
	3286	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
	3287	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
	3288	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
[4411]	3289
[4423]	3290	output_values_1d_target = thrust_rotor(:)
	3291	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
[4411]	3292
[4423]	3293	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
	3294	'rotor_thrust', &
	3295	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
	3296	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
	3297	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
[4411]	3298
[4423]	3299	output_values_1d_target = wdir(:)*180.0_wp/pi
	3300	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
[4411]	3301
[4423]	3302	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
	3303	'wind_direction', &
	3304	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
	3305	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
	3306	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
[4411]	3307
[4423]	3308	output_values_1d_target = (phi_yaw(:))*180.0_wp/pi
	3309	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
[4411]	3310
[4423]	3311	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
	3312	'yaw_angle', &
	3313	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
	3314	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
	3315	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
[4411]	3316
[4423]	3317	output_values_0d_target = time_since_reference_point
	3318	output_values_0d_pointer => output_values_0d_target
[4411]	3319
[4423]	3320	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
	3321	'time', &
	3322	values_realwp_0d = output_values_0d_pointer, &
	3323	bounds_start = (/t_ind/), &
[4411]	3324	bounds_end = (/t_ind/) )
	3325
[4423]	3326	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
[4411]	3327
[4423]	3328	ENDIF
[4411]	3329
	3330	END SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
	3331
[1819]	3332	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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