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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2299

Last change on this file since 2299 was 2257, checked in by witha, 7 years ago
Bugfix in PALM-WTM, modifications for lceddy
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 109.0 KB

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[1820]	1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
[1912]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1819]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2257]	17	! Copyright 2009-2017 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
[2101]	18	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1912]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	20	!
	21	! Current revisions:
	22	! -----------------
[1913]	23	!
[2233]	24	!
[1913]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z maronga $
[2257]	28	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
[1844]	29	!
[2257]	30	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
	31	!
[2233]	32	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	33	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	34	!
[2153]	35	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
	36	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
	37	! Addition of a tip loss model
	38	!
[2016]	39	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
	40	! Bugfix of pitch control
	41	!
[2001]	42	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	43	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	44	!
[1930]	45	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	46	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
	47	!
[1917]	48	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
[1821]	49	! Initial revision
	50	!
[1819]	51	!
	52	! Description:
	53	! ------------
	54	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
	55	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
	56	!> (ADM-R).
	57	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
	58	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
	59	!> yaw.
	60	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
	61	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
	62	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
	63	!> automatically).
	64	!>
	65	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
	66	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
	67	!> @todo Generate header information
[1917]	68	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
[1819]	69	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
	70	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
	71	!> @todo Include additional output variables
[1864]	72	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
	73	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
	74	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
[1819]	75	!
	76	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	77	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
	78
	79	USE arrays_3d, &
	80	ONLY: dd2zu, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
	81
	82	USE constants
	83
	84	USE control_parameters, &
	85	ONLY: dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time
	86
	87	USE cpulog, &
	88	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
	89
	90	USE grid_variables, &
	91	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
	92
	93	USE indices, &
	94	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
[2232]	95	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
[1819]	96
	97	USE kinds
	98
	99	USE pegrid
	100
	101
	102	IMPLICIT NONE
	103
[1864]	104	PRIVATE
[1819]	105
[1839]	106	LOGICAL :: wind_turbine=.FALSE. !< switch for use of wind turbine model
[1819]	107
	108	!
	109	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
	110
[1864]	111	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
[1839]	112	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
[1819]	113
[1839]	114	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
	115	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
	116	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
[2152]	117	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
[1819]	118
[1839]	119	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	120	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	121	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	122	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	123	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
	124	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
[1819]	125
[1912]	126	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
	127	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.0_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
	128	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
	129	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
	130	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
	131	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
	132	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
	133	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
	134	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
	135	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
	136	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
[1839]	137
[1819]	138	!
	139	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
	140	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
	141
[1912]	142	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
[1839]	143	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
	144	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg/m2]
	145	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg/m2]
	146	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
	147	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
	148	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
	149	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
[1912]	150	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
[1839]	151	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
	152	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
	153	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
[1912]	154	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
	155	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
[1839]	156
[1912]	157
[1819]	158	!
	159	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
	160
[1839]	161	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
	162	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
	163	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
	164
[1819]	165	!
	166	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
	167	TYPE file_status
	168	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
	169	END TYPE file_status
	170
[1912]	171	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
	172	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
[1819]	173
	174	!
	175	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
	176
[1839]	177	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	178	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	179	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	180	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
	181	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
	182	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
[1819]	183
[1839]	184	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
[1819]	185
[1912]	186	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
	187	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
	188	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
	189	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
	190	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
	191	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
	192	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
	193	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
[1819]	194
[1912]	195	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
[1819]	196
[1912]	197	!
	198	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
[1864]	199	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
	200	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
[1912]	201	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
[1864]	202	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
[1839]	203	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
	204	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
	205	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
[1819]	206
[1839]	207	!
	208	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
[1912]	209	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
	210	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
	211	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
	212	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
[1864]	213
[1912]	214	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
	215	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
[1819]	216
[1912]	217	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
	218	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
[1819]	219
[1912]	220	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
	221	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
[1819]	222
	223	!
	224	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
[1912]	225
[1839]	226	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
[1912]	227	REAL(wp) :: delta_t !< tangential segment length
[1839]	228	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
	229	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
	230	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
	231	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
	232	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
	233	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
	234	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
	235	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
	236	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
	237	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
[1912]	238	!
	239	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
	240	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
	241	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
	242	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
	243	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
[1819]	244
[1912]	245	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
	246	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
	247	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen !< curr. generator speed
	248	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
	249	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pitch_add_old!<
	250	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
	251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
	252	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
	253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
	254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
	255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
	256
	257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
	258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
	259
	260	!
	261	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
	262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
	263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
	264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
	265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
	266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
	267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
	268
	269	!
	270	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
	271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
	272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
	273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
	274
	275	!
	276	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
	277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
	278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
	279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
	280
	281	!
	282	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
	283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
	284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
	285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
	286
	287	!
	288	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
	289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
	290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
	291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
	292	!
	293	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
	294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
	295
[1839]	296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
	297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
	298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
	299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
	300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
	301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
	302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
	303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
	304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
[1819]	305
[1839]	306	!
	307	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
[1819]	308
[1912]	309	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
[1864]	310
[1912]	311	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
	312	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
	313	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
	314	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
	315	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
	316	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
	317	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
	318	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
[1864]	319
	320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_old !< last gen. speed
	321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_f !< filtered gen. sp
	322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_f_old !< last filt. gen. sp
	323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_gen !< generator torque
	324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_gen_old !< last gen. torque
[1819]	325
[1864]	326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
[1839]	327	!
	328	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
[1819]	329
[1912]	330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
	331	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
	332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
	333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
	334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
	335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
	336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
	337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
	338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
	339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
	340	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
	341	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
	342	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
[1819]	343
	344
[1839]	345	SAVE
[1819]	346
[1839]	347
	348	INTERFACE wtm_parin
	349	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
	350	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
[1912]	351
	352	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
	353	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
	354	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
[1839]	355
	356	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	357	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
	358	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	359
	360	INTERFACE wtm_init
	361	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
	362	END INTERFACE wtm_init
	363
[1912]	364	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
	365	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
	366	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	367
[1819]	368	INTERFACE wtm_forces
	369	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
[1839]	370	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	371	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
[1864]	372
	373	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	374	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
	375	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	376
	377	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
	378	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
	379	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
	380	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
[1819]	381
	382	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
	383	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
	384	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
	385	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
[1864]	386
	387
[1912]	388	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
	389	wtm_parin, wtm_tendencies, wtm_tendencies_ij, wind_turbine
[1819]	390
	391	CONTAINS
	392
	393
	394	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	395	! Description:
	396	! ------------
[1839]	397	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
[1819]	398	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	399	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
[1819]	400
	401
	402	IMPLICIT NONE
[1912]	403
	404	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
[1819]	405
[1839]	406	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	407
	408	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
[1864]	409	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
[1839]	410	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
[1864]	411	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
[1912]	412	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
[1839]	413	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
	414	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
[1864]	415	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
[1912]	416	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, &
[2152]	417	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
[1839]	418
[1819]	419	!
[1839]	420	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
	421	REWIND ( 11 )
	422	line = ' '
	423	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
	424	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	425	ENDDO
	426	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	427
	428	!
	429	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[1912]	430	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
	431
	432	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
	433	message_string = 'errors in \$wind_turbine_par'
	434	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0???', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	435	ENDIF
	436
[1839]	437	!
	438	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
	439	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
	440
[1912]	441	10 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
[1839]	442
	443
	444	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
	445
[1912]	446	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	447
	448
	449	IMPLICIT NONE
	450
	451	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
	452	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
	453	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
	454	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0???', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	455	ENDIF
	456
	457	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) <= 0.0 ) ) THEN
	458	message_string = 'omega_rot <= 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
	459	'a value larger than zero'
	460	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0???', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	461	ENDIF
	462
	463
	464	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	465	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	466	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
	467
	468	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
	469	'have to be given for each turbine.'
	470	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0???', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	471
	472	ENDIF
	473
	474
	475	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	476
	477
[1839]	478	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	479	! Description:
	480	! ------------
	481	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
	482	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	483	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
	484
	485
	486	IMPLICIT NONE
	487
[1864]	488	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
	489	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
	490
[1839]	491	!
	492	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
[1819]	493	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
	494
	495	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
	496	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
	497
	498	nrings(:) = 0
	499	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
	500
	501	!
	502	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
	503	delta_r_factor = segment_width
	504	delta_t_factor = segment_length
	505	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
	506	delta_t = delta_t_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
	507
	508	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	509	!
	510	!-- Determine number of rings:
	511	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
	512
	513	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
	514
	515	ENDDO
	516
	517	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
	518
	519	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
	520	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
	521
	522	nsegs(:,:) = 0
	523	nsegs_total(:) = 0
	524
	525
	526	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	527	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	528	!
	529	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
[1839]	530	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
	531	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
	532	delta_t_factor ) )
[1819]	533	ENDDO
	534	!
	535	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
[1839]	536	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
[1819]	537
	538	ENDDO
	539
	540	!
	541	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
	542	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
	543
[1864]	544	!!
	545	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
	546	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	547	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
	548	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	549	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
	550	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	551	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
	552	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
	553	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
	554	! ENDIF
[1819]	555
	556
	557	!
	558	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
	559	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
	560	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
	561	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
	562	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
	563	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
	564	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
	565	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	566	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	567
	568	!
	569	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for speed pitch_control
	570	ALLOCATE( omega_gen(1:nturbines) )
[1864]	571	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_old(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	572	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_f(1:nturbines) )
	573	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_f_old(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	574	ALLOCATE( pitch_add_old(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	575	ALLOCATE( torque_gen(1:nturbines) )
	576	ALLOCATE( torque_gen_old(1:nturbines) )
	577
	578	!
	579	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
	580	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
	581	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
	582	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
	583	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
	584	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
	585	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
	586
	587	!
	588	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	589	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
	590	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
	591	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
	592	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
	593	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
	594	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
[1839]	595	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
	596	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
[1819]	597	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
	598	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
	599
	600	!
	601	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
	602	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	603	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	604	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	605	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	606	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	607	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	608
	609	!
	610	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
	611	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	612	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	613	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	614
	615	!
	616	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
[1912]	617	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	618	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	619	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	620	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	621	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	622	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	623	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1912]	624	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	625
	626	!
	627	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
	628	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	629	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	630	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	631	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	632	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	633	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	634
	635	!
	636	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
	637	i_hub(:) = 0
	638	i_smear(:) = 0
	639	j_hub(:) = 0
	640	j_smear(:) = 0
	641	k_hub(:) = 0
	642	k_smear(:) = 0
[1912]	643
[1819]	644	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	645	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	646
	647	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	648	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	649	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
	650	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	651	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	652	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	653	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	654
	655	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	656	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	657	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
	658
	659	!
	660	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	661	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
	662	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
	663	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
	664	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	665	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	666	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	667	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
	668	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	669	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
	670	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
	671
	672	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	673	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	674	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	675	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	676	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	677	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	678
	679	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	680	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	681	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	682
[1912]	683	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	684	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	685	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	686	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	687	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	688	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	689	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	690	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	691
	692	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	693	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	694	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	695	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	696	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	697	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	698
	699
[1839]	700	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
[1819]	701
	702
	703	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	704	! Description:
	705	! ------------
[1839]	706	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
[1819]	707	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	708	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
[1819]	709
[1839]	710
[1819]	711	IMPLICIT NONE
	712
	713	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	714	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	715	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1864]	716
[1819]	717	!
[1864]	718	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
	719	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
	720
[1839]	721	!
[1864]	722	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
	723	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
	724	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
[1839]	725	!
[1864]	726	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
	727	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
	728	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
	729
	730	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
	731	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
	732	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
	733
	734	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
	735
	736	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
	737	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
	738	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
	739	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
	740
	741	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
	742	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
	743	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
	744	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	745
	746
[1864]	747	IF ( speed_control) THEN
	748
	749	CALL wtm_speed_control
	750
	751	ENDIF
	752
[1839]	753	!
[1819]	754	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	755	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
	756	!-- (smearing of the forces)
[1819]	757	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	758	!
[1839]	759	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
	760	!-- be calculated:
[1819]	761
[1839]	762	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
	763	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
[1819]	764	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
	765	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
	766	!
[1839]	767	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
	768	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
	769	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
	770	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
	771	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
[1819]	772	!
	773	!-- Square of eps_min:
	774	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
	775	!
	776	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
[1864]	777	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
	778	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
[1819]	779	!
[1839]	780	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
	781	!-- function:
	782	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
	783
[1864]	784	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
	785	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
	786
[1819]	787	!
[1864]	788	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
	789	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
[1819]	790
[1864]	791
[1819]	792	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	793	!
[1864]	794	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
	795	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	796
	797	!
	798	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
	799	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
	800	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	801	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
	802
	803	!
	804	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
[1839]	805	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
	806	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
	807	!-- function of eps_min:
[1819]	808	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
	809	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
	810	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
[1864]	811
[1819]	812	ENDDO
	813
	814	!
	815	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	816	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
	817	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
[1819]	818	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	819	!
	820	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
	821	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
	822
	823	!
	824	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
	825	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
	826	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
	827
	828	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
[1839]	829
	830	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	831
[1839]	832
	833	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
[1819]	834	!
[1839]	835	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
	836	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
	837	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
[1819]	838	i = i_hub(inot)
	839
	840	!
[1839]	841	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	842	!-- grid point indices):
[1819]	843	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	844	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	845	!
[1839]	846	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	847	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
	848	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
	849	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
	850	!-- in grid box 1.
[1819]	851	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	852	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	853
	854	!
	855	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
[1864]	856	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
[1819]	857	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	858	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	859
	860	!
	861	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
[1864]	862	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
[1839]	863	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1819]	864
	865	DO j = nys, nyn
	866	!
[1839]	867	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
	868	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
	869
[1819]	870	DO k = nzb, nzt
	871
	872	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	873	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
[1839]	874	!
[1819]	875	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	876	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	877	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	878	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	879	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	880	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	881	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	882	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	883	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	884	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	885	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	886	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	887	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	888	!
	889	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	890	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	891	ELSE
[1912]	892	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	893	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
	894	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	895	ENDIF
	896	!
	897	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	898	ELSE
[1912]	899	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[1839]	900	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
[1912]	901	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	902	ENDIF
[1839]	903	!
	904	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
	905	!-- are carried out:
[1819]	906	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	907
[1839]	908	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
	909	!
[1819]	910	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	911	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	912	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	913	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	914	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
[1912]	915	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	916	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	917	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	918	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	919	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
[1912]	920	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	921	!
	922	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	923	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	924	ELSE
[1912]	925	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	926	ENDIF
[1839]	927	!
[1819]	928	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	929	ELSE
[1912]	930	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
	931	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	932	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
	933
	934	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
	935
	936	ENDDO ! end loop over k
	937
	938	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
	939
	940	ENDDO ! end loop over j
	941
	942	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
[1819]	943
[1839]	944
[1912]	945	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
[1819]	946
[1839]	947	!
[1864]	948	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
	949	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
	950	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
	951	!!
	952	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
	953	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
	954	!!-- circle_points in the following):
	955	!
	956	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
	957	!
	958	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
	959	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
	960	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
	961	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	962	!!
	963	!!-- bottom intersection point
	964	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
	965	!!
	966	!!-- top intersection point
	967	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
	968	! ELSE
	969	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
	970	! ENDIF
	971	! ENDDO
	972	!
	973	!
	974	! DO j = nys, nyn
	975	!!
	976	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
	977	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
	978	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
[1912]	979	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	980	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
	981	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	982	!!
	983	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
	984	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
	985	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
[1912]	986	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	987	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
	988	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
	989	!!
	990	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
	991	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
	992	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
	993	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
	994	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
	995	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
	996	! dz_int = dz
	997	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
	998	!!
	999	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
	1000	!!-- within the current grid box:
	1001	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1002	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1003	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
	1004	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
	1005	! ENDIF
	1006	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1007	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1008	! dz_int = dz_int - &
	1009	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
	1010	! ENDIF
	1011	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
	1012	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1013	! ENDIF
	1014	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
	1015	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1016	! ENDIF
	1017	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1912]	1018	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
	1019	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
[1864]	1020	! ENDIF
	1021	! ENDDO
	1022	! ENDIF
	1023	! ENDDO
	1024	! ENDIF
[1819]	1025	!
[1864]	1026	! ENDDO
[1819]	1027	!
[1912]	1028	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
[1819]	1029
[1864]	1030	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
[1819]	1031
[1912]	1032	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
	1033	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
[1819]	1034
[1912]	1035	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	1036
[1864]	1037	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
	1038
	1039
[1819]	1040	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1864]	1041	! Description:
	1042	! ------------
	1043	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
	1044	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
[1819]	1045	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	1046	!
	1047	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1048
[1839]	1049
[1864]	1050	IMPLICIT NONE
	1051
	1052	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
	1053	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
[1843]	1054
[1864]	1055	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
	1056
	1057	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
[1839]	1058
[1864]	1059	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
	1060	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
	1061	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
	1062	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
	1063	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
	1064	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
	1065	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
	1066	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
	1067	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
	1068	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
[1839]	1069
[1864]	1070	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
	1071	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
	1072	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
[1839]	1073
[1864]	1074	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
	1075	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
[1839]	1076
[1864]	1077	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
	1078	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
	1079	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
	1080	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
	1081	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
[1839]	1082
[1864]	1083	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
	1084	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
	1085	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
	1086	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
	1087	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
[1839]	1088
[1864]	1089	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
[1839]	1090
[1864]	1091	!
	1092	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
	1093	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
	1094
	1095	OPEN ( 201, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
	1096
	1097	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
	1098	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
	1099	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0???', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1100	ENDIF
	1101	!
	1102	!-- Read distribution table:
	1103
	1104	dlen = 0
	1105
	1106	READ ( 201, '(3/)' )
	1107
	1108	rloop3: DO
	1109	READ ( 201, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
	1110	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
	1111	dlen = dlen + 1
	1112	ENDDO rloop3
	1113
	1114	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
	1115
	1116	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
	1117	BACKSPACE ( 201, IOSTAT=ierrn )
	1118	ENDDO
	1119
	1120	DO jj = 1,dlen
	1121	READ ( 201, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
	1122	ENDDO
	1123
	1124	!
	1125	!-- Read layout table:
	1126
[1839]	1127	dlen = 0
[1864]	1128
[1839]	1129	READ ( 201, '(3/)')
[1864]	1130
[1843]	1131	rloop1: DO
[1864]	1132	READ ( 201, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
	1133	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
	1134	dlen = dlen + 1
[1843]	1135	ENDDO rloop1
[1864]	1136
[1839]	1137	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
[1864]	1138	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
	1139	BACKSPACE ( 201, IOSTAT=ierrn )
	1140	ENDDO
	1141	DO jj = 1, dlen
	1142	READ ( 201, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
[1839]	1143	ENDDO
[1819]	1144
[1864]	1145	!
	1146	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
[1819]	1147
[1864]	1148	dlen = 0
	1149
[1839]	1150	READ ( 201, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1151
[1843]	1152	rloop2: DO
[1864]	1153	READ ( 201, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
	1154	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
	1155	dlen = dlen + 1
	1156	ENDDO rloop2
	1157
[1912]	1158	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
[1864]	1159	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
	1160
	1161	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
	1162	BACKSPACE ( 201, IOSTAT=ierrn )
	1163	ENDDO
	1164
[1839]	1165	DO jj = 1,dlen
[1864]	1166	READ ( 201, * ) read_cl_cd
	1167	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
	1168	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
	1169	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
	1170	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
[1819]	1171	ENDDO
[1864]	1172
[1839]	1173	ENDDO
[1864]	1174
	1175	dlenbl = dlen
	1176
[1839]	1177	CLOSE ( 201 )
[1819]	1178
[1864]	1179	!
	1180	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 630 values) and
	1181	!-- each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.01 degrees --> 36000 values!)
	1182	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
	1183	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
	1184	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
[1839]	1185
[1864]	1186	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
	1187	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
	1188	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
	1189	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
[1819]	1190
[1864]	1191	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
	1192	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
[1839]	1193
[1864]	1194
	1195	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1196	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1197
	1198
	1199	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
	1200
	1201	DO iialpha = 1, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
	1202
	1203	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
	1204	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
	1205	ialpha = 1
	1206
[2152]	1207	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
[1864]	1208	ialpha = ialpha + 1
	1209	ENDDO
[1819]	1210	!
[1864]	1211	!-- Find position in table
	1212	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
	1213	! lct(1) = lct(1)
[1819]	1214
[1864]	1215	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
	1216	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
	1217	ENDIF
[1819]	1218
[1864]	1219	trow = lct(1)
	1220	!
	1221	!-- Calculate weights for interpolation
	1222	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1223	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1224	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
	1225	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
[1819]	1226
[1912]	1227	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
	1228	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
	1229	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
[1864]	1230	ENDIF
[1819]	1231
[1864]	1232	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
	1233	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1234	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1235	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1236	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1237	ELSE
	1238	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
	1239	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
	1240	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
	1241	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
	1242	ENDIF
	1243
[1912]	1244	!
	1245	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
	1246	!-- segments and angles of attack
	1247
	1248	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1249	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1250	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1251	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1252	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1253	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1254	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1255	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1256	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1257	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1258	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1259	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
[1912]	1260	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1261	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1262	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1263	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1264	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1265	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1266	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1267	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1268	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1269	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1270	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1271	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
[1819]	1272
[1912]	1273	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
[1819]	1274
[1864]	1275	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
	1276
[1912]	1277	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1278
	1279
[1864]	1280	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1281	! Description:
	1282	! ------------
	1283	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
	1284	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
	1285	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1286	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	1287
[1864]	1288
	1289	IMPLICIT NONE
	1290
	1291	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	1292	!
	1293	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
	1294	!-- the rotors
	1295	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
	1296	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
	1297	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
	1298
	1299	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1300	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1301	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1302
	1303	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
	1304	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
	1305	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
[1839]	1306
[1864]	1307	!
	1308	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
	1309	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
[1819]	1310
[1912]	1311	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
[1864]	1312	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1313	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1314	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1315	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1316	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1317	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1318	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1319	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1320	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1321	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1322	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
[1864]	1323	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1324	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1325	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1326	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1327	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1328	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1329	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1330	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1331	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1332	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1333	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
[1864]	1334	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1839]	1335
[1864]	1336	!
	1337	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
	1338	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
	1339	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
	1340	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
	1341	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
	1342
	1343	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
[1839]	1344
	1345
[1819]	1346	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1347	! Description:
	1348	! ------------
[1839]	1349	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
[1819]	1350	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1351	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	1352
[1864]	1353
[1819]	1354	IMPLICIT NONE
	1355
	1356	CHARACTER (LEN=2) :: turbine_id
	1357
[1839]	1358	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
	1359	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	1360	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
	1361	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
	1362	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
	1363	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
[1912]	1364
[2232]	1365	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
[1839]	1366	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
	1367	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
[1912]	1368
	1369	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
	1370	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
	1371
	1372	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
	1373
	1374
[1839]	1375	!
[1819]	1376	! Variables for pitch control
	1377	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
[1839]	1378	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
	1379
[1819]	1380	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
[1839]	1381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
[2152]	1382
	1383	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
[1819]	1384
	1385
[1864]	1386	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
[1819]	1387
	1388
	1389	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
	1390
[1864]	1391	!
[1819]	1392	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
	1393	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1394	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1395	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1396	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1397	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1398	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1399	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1400	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1401	!
	1402	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	1403	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	1404
	1405	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1406	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1407	!
[1839]	1408	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1409	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1410
	1411	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	1412	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	1413	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
	1414	!
	1415	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1416	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
	1417
	1418	!
[1839]	1419	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1420	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1421	!
[1864]	1422	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1423	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
	1424	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1425	!
[1864]	1426	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1427	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1428	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1429	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1430	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
	1431	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
	1432
[1864]	1433	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1434	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1435	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
[1839]	1436	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
[1819]	1437	re(3) = sin_rot
	1438
	1439	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1440	!
	1441	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1442	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1443	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1444	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1445
[1864]	1446	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1447	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
	1448	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
	1449	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
	1450	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1451
	1452	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1453	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1454
	1455	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1456	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1457
	1458	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1459	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1460
	1461	!
	1462	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
	1463
	1464	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
	1465	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
	1466	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
	1467	!
[1864]	1468	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1469	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1470	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1471	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1472
[1839]	1473	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1474	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1475	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1476	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1477	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1478	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1479	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1480	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1481	gg = dx * dy
	1482
[1864]	1483	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1484	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1485	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1486	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1487	) / gg
	1488
[1864]	1489	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1490	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1491	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1492	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1493	) / gg
	1494
[1864]	1495	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
	1496	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1497	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
	1498
	1499	ELSE
	1500	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1501	ENDIF
	1502	ELSE
	1503	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1504	ENDIF
	1505
	1506
	1507	!
	1508	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
	1509	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[1839]	1510	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
[1819]	1511	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
	1512	!
[1864]	1513	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1514	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1515	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1516	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1517
[1839]	1518	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1519	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1520	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1521	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1522	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1523	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
	1524	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1525	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
[1819]	1526	gg = dx * dy
	1527
[1864]	1528	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1529	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1530	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1531	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1532	) / gg
	1533
[1864]	1534	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1535	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1536	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1537	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1538	) / gg
	1539
[1864]	1540	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
	1541	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1542	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
	1543
	1544	ELSE
	1545	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1546	ENDIF
	1547	ELSE
	1548	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1549	ENDIF
	1550
	1551
	1552	!
	1553	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
	1554	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	1555	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[1839]	1556	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
[1819]	1557	!
[1864]	1558	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1559	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1560	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1561	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1562
[1839]	1563	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1564	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1565	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1566	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1567	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1568	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1569	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1570	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1571	gg = dx * dy
	1572
[1864]	1573	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1574	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1575	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1576	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1577	) / gg
	1578
[1864]	1579	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1580	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1581	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1582	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1583	) / gg
	1584
[1864]	1585	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
	1586	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1587	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
	1588	ELSE
	1589	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1590	ENDIF
	1591	ELSE
	1592	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1593	ENDIF
	1594
	1595	ENDDO
	1596	ENDDO
	1597
	1598	ENDDO
	1599
	1600	!
	1601	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
	1602	#if defined( __parallel )
[1839]	1603	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1604	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1605	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1606	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1607	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1608	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1819]	1609	#else
	1610	u_int = u_int_1_l
	1611	v_int = v_int_1_l
	1612	w_int = w_int_1_l
	1613	#endif
	1614
	1615
	1616	!
	1617	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
[1912]	1618
[1819]	1619	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1912]	1620	pit_loop: DO
[1819]	1621
[1912]	1622	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
[1839]	1623	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1624	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1625	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
	1626	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
	1627	ELSE
	1628	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1629	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1630	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
	1631	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
	1632	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
	1633	ENDIF
[1819]	1634	ENDIF
	1635
[1839]	1636	!
	1637	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1638	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1639	!
	1640	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1641	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
[1839]	1642	!
	1643	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1644	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1645	!
[1839]	1646	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1647	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1648	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1649	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1650	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
	1651	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
	1652	!
[1839]	1653	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1654	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1655	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
	1656	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
	1657	re(3) = sin_rot
	1658
[1864]	1659	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
[1819]	1660	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
	1661	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
	1662	rea(3) = cos_rot
	1663
	1664	!
[1864]	1665	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
	1666	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
	1667	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
[1819]	1668	ren(1) = cos_yaw
	1669	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
	1670	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
	1671	!
	1672	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
[1864]	1673	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
	1674	!-- tilt:
[1819]	1675	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1676	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
	1677	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
	1678	!
	1679	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1680	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1681
	1682	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1683
	1684	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1685
	1686	!
[1864]	1687	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1688	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
	1689	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1690	!
[1864]	1691	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
[1819]	1692	!-- components perpedicular and parallel to the rotor area
	1693	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
	1694	!-- coordinates y' and z.
	1695	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
	1696	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
[1864]	1697	!
	1698	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
	1699	!
[1819]	1700	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
[1864]	1701	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
	1702	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
[1819]	1703	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
	1704	!
[1864]	1705	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
	1706	!-- direction:
	1707	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
	1708	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
[1819]	1709	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
	1710	!
[1864]	1711	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
	1712	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
[1819]	1713
[1864]	1714	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
	1715	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1716	vtheta(rseg) ) )
	1717
	1718	!
[1864]	1719	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
	1720	!-- to the current radial position:
[1819]	1721
	1722	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
	1723	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
	1724
	1725	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1726	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1727	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
[1864]	1728	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
	1729	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1730	ELSE
[1864]	1731	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
	1732	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1733	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
	1734	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
	1735	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1736	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1737	ENDIF
	1738
	1739	!
[1864]	1740	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
	1741	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
	1742	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
	1743	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1744	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1745	!
[1864]	1746	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
	1747	!-- angle of attack:
[1819]	1748	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
	1749	!
[1864]	1750	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
	1751	!-- to angles given in degree:
	1752	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1753	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
	1754	!
[1864]	1755	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
[2015]	1756	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
[1819]	1757
	1758	!
[1864]	1759	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
	1760	!-- to the rotor:
[1912]	1761	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
	1762	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1763	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
	1764
	1765	!
[1864]	1766	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1767	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
	1768	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
	1769	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1770
	1771	!
[1864]	1772	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
	1773	!-- the current radial position:
[1819]	1774
	1775	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1776	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1777	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
[1864]	1778	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1779	ELSE
[1864]	1780	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
	1781	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1782	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
	1783	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
	1784	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1785	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1786	ENDIF
	1787
	1788	!
	1789	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
[1864]	1790	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	1791	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 0, +180.0 degrees = 36000,
	1792	!-- so one index every 0.01 degrees):
	1793	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
[1839]	1794	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) )
[1819]	1795	!
	1796	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
[1864]	1797	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	1798	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
[1819]	1799	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
	1800	!
[1864]	1801	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
	1802	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
[1839]	1803	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
	1804	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
[1819]	1805
	1806	!
[1864]	1807	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
	1808	!-- angles given in radian:
	1809	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1810	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1811
[2152]	1812	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
	1813
	1814	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
	1815	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
	1816	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
	1817	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
	1818	!--
	1819	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
	1820	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
	1821	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
	1822
	1823	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
	1824
	1825	END IF
[1819]	1826	!
	1827	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	1828	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
	1829	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	1830
	1831	!
[1864]	1832	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
[1819]	1833
	1834	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
	1835	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1836
	1837	!
[1864]	1838	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
	1839	!-- for each ring segment:
	1840	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
	1841	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
	1842	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	1843
	1844	!
[1864]	1845	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
	1846	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
	1847	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
	1848	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
	1849	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
	1850	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
[1839]	1851	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	1852	!
	1853	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
[1864]	1854	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
	1855	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
[1819]	1856
	1857	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
	1858	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
	1859
[1912]	1860	!
	1861	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
	1862	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
	1863	thrust_seg(rseg)
	1864
	1865
[1819]	1866	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
	1867
[1864]	1868	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
[1819]	1869
	1870	!
[1864]	1871	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
	1872	!-- each ring:
[1819]	1873	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
	1874	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
	1875	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
	1876
	1877
[1864]	1878	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
[1819]	1879
	1880
[1864]	1881	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
[1819]	1882
[1912]	1883
	1884	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	1885	!
	1886	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
	1887
	1888	!
	1889	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
	1890	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
	1891	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
	1892	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
	1893	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
	1894	( inertia_rot + &
	1895	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
[1819]	1896
[1912]	1897	!
	1898	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
	1899	!-- and rotor speed
	1900	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
	1901
	1902	ENDIF
	1903
[1864]	1904	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
[1819]	1905
[1912]	1906	!
	1907	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
	1908	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
	1909	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
	1910	!-- gain
	1911	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
	1912	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
	1913	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
	1914	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
[1864]	1915	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
[1912]	1916	!
	1917	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
	1918	CYCLE pit_loop
[1819]	1919	ENDIF
[1912]	1920
	1921	!
	1922	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
	1923	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
[1864]	1924	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
[1819]	1925	ENDIF
[1912]	1926	EXIT pit_loop
	1927	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
[1819]	1928
[1864]	1929
[1819]	1930	!
[1864]	1931	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
	1932
[1819]	1933	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	1934	!
[1864]	1935	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	1936	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	1937	THEN
	1938	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	1939	THEN
[1864]	1940	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
	1941	ENDIF
[1912]	1942	ENDIF
[1864]	1943
[1819]	1944	ENDIF
	1945
	1946
[1864]	1947	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
[1819]	1948
[1864]	1949	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
[1819]	1950
	1951
[1864]	1952	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
	1953	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
	1954	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
	1955	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1956	!
[1864]	1957	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
	1958	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
[1819]	1959	!
	1960	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
[1864]	1961	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
	1962	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
	1963	!-- consideration
[1819]	1964	!
[1864]	1965	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
	1966	!-- of the model domain:
[1819]	1967	!
	1968	!--
	1969	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
[1864]	1970	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
	1971	eps_min ) / dx )
	1972	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
	1973	eps_min ) / dy )
[1819]	1974
[1864]	1975	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	1976	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
[1864]	1977	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	1978	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
[2232]	1979	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
	1980	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
	1981	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
[1819]	1982	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1983	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1984	!
[2232]	1985	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
	1986	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	1987
	1988	!
[1819]	1989	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
	1990	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
[1864]	1991	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	1992	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	1993	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	1994	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	1995	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	1996	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	1997	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	1998	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	1999	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1819]	2000
	2001	!
	2002	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
	2003	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
	2004	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
	2005	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
	2006	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
	2007	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2008	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
	2009	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
	2010	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2011	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
	2012	flag
[1819]	2013	ENDIF
	2014	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2015	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
	2016	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
	2017	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2018	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2019	flag
[1819]	2020	ENDIF
	2021	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2022	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
	2023	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
	2024	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2025	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2026	flag
[1819]	2027	ENDIF
	2028
	2029	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
	2030	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
	2031
	2032	!
	2033	!-- Rotation of force components:
[2232]	2034	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2035	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
	2036	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
[2232]	2037	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
	2038	) * flag
[1819]	2039
[2232]	2040	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2041	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
	2042	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
[2232]	2043	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
	2044	) * flag
[1819]	2045
[2232]	2046	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2047	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
	2048	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
[2232]	2049	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
	2050	) * flag
[1819]	2051
	2052	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
	2053	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
	2054	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
	2055
[1864]	2056	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
[1819]	2057
[1912]	2058	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2059
	2060
	2061	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
	2062	!
	2063	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
	2064	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
	2065	IF ( start_up ) THEN
[1864]	2066	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
[1819]	2067	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
[1912]	2068	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2069	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
	2070
[1864]	2071	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
[1819]	2072	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
[1912]	2073	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2074	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
	2075	start_up = .FALSE.
	2076	ENDIF
	2077
	2078	!
	2079	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
	2080	!--
	2081	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	2082	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2083	!
	2084	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2085	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2086	THEN
	2087	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2088	THEN
[1864]	2089
[1819]	2090	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
[1864]	2091
[1912]	2092	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
	2093	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
	2094	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
	2095	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
	2096	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
[1864]	2097
	2098	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2099
[1819]	2100	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
[2015]	2101
[1819]	2102	ENDIF
	2103	ENDIF
	2104
[1864]	2105	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
	2106
	2107	!
[1929]	2108	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
	2109	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2110	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2111	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2112	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2113	comm2d, ierr )
	2114	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2115	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2116	#else
	2117	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
	2118	wdir = wdir_l
	2119	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
[2015]	2120
	2121
[1929]	2122	#endif
[1819]	2123	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1864]	2124	!
	2125	!-- Update rotor orientation
	2126	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	2127
	2128	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
	2129
[2152]	2130	END IF ! end of yaw control
[1864]	2131
	2132	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2133	!
	2134	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
[1912]	2135	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2136	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2137	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2138	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2139	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2140	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
	2141	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1912]	2142	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
	2143	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2144	#else
	2145	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
	2146	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
	2147	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
	2148	#endif
[1864]	2149
	2150	ENDIF
[1819]	2151
	2152	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2153
	2154	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	2155	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
	2156	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2157	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2158	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2159	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2160	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2161	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2162	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2163	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1912]	2164
[1819]	2165	ELSE
	2166
	2167	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(I2.2)') inot
[1864]	2168	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'TURBINE_PARAMETERS'//turbine_id ), &
	2169	FORM='FORMATTED' )
[1819]	2170	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
	2171	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2172	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2173	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2174	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2175	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2176	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2177	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2178	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1819]	2179	ENDIF
	2180	ENDIF
	2181
[1912]	2182	!-- Set open flag
[1819]	2183	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
[1864]	2184	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2185
	2186	ENDIF
	2187
[1864]	2188	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
[1819]	2189
[1912]	2190	!
	2191	!-- Formats
[1819]	2192	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
	2193	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
	2194	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
[1912]	2195	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
	2196	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
[1819]	2197
[1864]	2198	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
	2199	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
[1819]	2200
	2201
	2202	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	2203
	2204
[1839]	2205	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2206	! Description:
	2207	! ------------
	2208	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
	2209	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2210	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2211
[1819]	2212	USE constants
	2213	USE kinds
[1839]	2214
	2215	IMPLICIT NONE
[1819]	2216
	2217	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2218	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
	2219	REAL(wp) :: missal
	2220
	2221	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
	2222
	2223	!
[1864]	2224	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
	2225	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
	2226	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
	2227	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
	2228	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
	2229	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
	2230	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
	2231	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
	2232	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
	2233	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
	2234	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
	2235	!
	2236	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
[1819]	2237	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
[1843]	2238	!
[1864]	2239	!-- Write current wind direction into array
[1843]	2240	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
	2241	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
[1819]	2242	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2243	!
[1864]	2244	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
[1819]	2245	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
	2246
	2247	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
	2248	!
[1864]	2249	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
[1843]	2250	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
	2251	!
[1864]	2252	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
[1843]	2253	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
[1819]	2254	!
[1864]	2255	!-- Start yawing of turbine
[1843]	2256	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2257	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
[1864]	2258	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2259	ENDIF
	2260	ENDIF
	2261
	2262	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
	2263
	2264	!
[1864]	2265	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
	2266	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
	2267	!-- than min_miss
[1819]	2268
	2269	ELSE
	2270	!
	2271	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
	2272	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
[1864]	2273	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
[1819]	2274	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2275	!
[1864]	2276	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
	2277	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
	2278	!
	2279	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
[1819]	2280	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
[1864]	2281	!
	2282	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
	2283	!-- yaw direction is still right
	2284	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
	2285	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
	2286	!
	2287	!-- Continue yawing
	2288	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2289	ELSE
[1864]	2290	!
	2291	!-- Stop yawing
[1819]	2292	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
[1864]	2293	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2294	ENDIF
	2295	ELSE
[1864]	2296	!
	2297	!-- Continue yawing
[1843]	2298	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2299	ENDIF
	2300
	2301	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
	2302
	2303	ENDIF
	2304
[1839]	2305	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	2306
[1864]	2307
[1819]	2308	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2309	! Description:
	2310	! ------------
[1864]	2311	!> Initialization of the speed control
	2312	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2313	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2314
	2315
	2316	IMPLICIT NONE
	2317
	2318	!
	2319	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
	2320	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
	2321	!
	2322	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
	2323	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
	2324	!
	2325	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
	2326	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
	2327	!
	2328	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
	2329	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
	2330	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
	2331	!
	2332	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
	2333	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
	2334	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
	2335	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
	2336	!
	2337	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
	2338	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
	2339	!
	2340	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
	2341	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
	2342	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
	2343
	2344	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2345
	2346
	2347	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2348	! Description:
	2349	! ------------
	2350	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
	2351	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2352	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2353
	2354
	2355	IMPLICIT NONE
	2356
[1912]	2357	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2358
	2359
[1864]	2360
	2361	!
	2362	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
	2363	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
	2364	!-- offshore system developement"
	2365
	2366	!
	2367	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
	2368	!-- for the control of the generator torque
	2369	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
[1912]	2370	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
[1864]	2371	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
	2372
	2373	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
	2374	!
	2375	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
	2376	torque_gen(inot) = 0
	2377
	2378	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
	2379	!
	2380	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
	2381	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
	2382
	2383	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
	2384	!
	2385	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
	2386	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
	2387	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
	2388
	2389	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
	2390	!
	2391	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
	2392	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
	2393
	2394	ELSE
	2395	!
	2396	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
	2397	!-- keep the power constant:
	2398	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
	2399
	2400	ENDIF
	2401	!
	2402	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
	2403	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
	2404	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
	2405	!
	2406	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
	2407	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
	2408	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
	2409	!
	2410	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
[1912]	2411	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
[1864]	2412
	2413
	2414	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
	2415
	2416
	2417	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2418	! Description:
	2419	! ------------
[1839]	2420	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2421	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2422	!> Call for all grid points
[1819]	2423	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2424	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
	2425
[1839]	2426
[1819]	2427	IMPLICIT NONE
	2428
[1839]	2429	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2430	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2431	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2432	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2433
	2434
	2435	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2436
	2437	CASE ( 1 )
	2438	!
	2439	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1864]	2440	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2441	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2442	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2232]	2443	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1819]	2444	!
[1864]	2445	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2446	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2447	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2448	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2449	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
	2450
[2232]	2451	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2452	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2453	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2454	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2455	ENDDO
	2456	ENDDO
	2457	ENDDO
	2458	ENDIF
	2459
	2460	CASE ( 2 )
	2461	!
	2462	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1864]	2463	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2464	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2465	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2232]	2466	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1912]	2467	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2468	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2469	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2470	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2471	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2472	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2473	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2474	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[1819]	2475	ENDDO
	2476	ENDDO
	2477	ENDDO
	2478	ENDIF
	2479
	2480	CASE ( 3 )
	2481	!
	2482	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1864]	2483	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2484	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2485	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2232]	2486	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
	2487	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2488	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2489	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2490	ENDDO
	2491	ENDDO
	2492	ENDDO
	2493	ENDIF
	2494
	2495
	2496	CASE DEFAULT
	2497
	2498	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2499	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2500
	2501	END SELECT
	2502
	2503
	2504	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
	2505
	2506
	2507	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2508	! Description:
	2509	! ------------
[1839]	2510	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2511	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2512	!> Call for grid point i,j
[1819]	2513	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2514	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
	2515
	2516
	2517	IMPLICIT NONE
	2518
[1839]	2519	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2520	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2521	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2522	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2523
	2524	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2525
	2526	CASE ( 1 )
	2527	!
	2528	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1839]	2529	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2530
[2232]	2531	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1819]	2532	!
[1839]	2533	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2534	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2535	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2536	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2537	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2538	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2539	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2540	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2541	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2542	ENDDO
	2543	ENDIF
	2544
	2545	CASE ( 2 )
	2546	!
	2547	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1839]	2548	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2232]	2549	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1912]	2550	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2551	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2552	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2553	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2554	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2555	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2556	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2557	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[1819]	2558	ENDDO
	2559	ENDIF
	2560
	2561	CASE ( 3 )
	2562	!
	2563	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1839]	2564	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2232]	2565	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
	2566	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2567	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2568	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2569	ENDDO
	2570	ENDIF
	2571
	2572
	2573	CASE DEFAULT
	2574
	2575	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2576	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2577
	2578	END SELECT
	2579
	2580
	2581	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
	2582
	2583	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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