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1	!> @file time_integration.f90
2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8	!
9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
12	!
13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
15	!
16	! Copyright 1997-2015 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
18	!
19	! Current revisions:
20	! ------------------
21	!
22	!
23	! Former revisions:
24	! -----------------
25	! $Id: time_integration.f90 1809 2016-04-05 20:13:28Z maronga $
26	!
27	! 1808 2016-04-05 19:44:00Z raasch
28	! output message in case unscheduled radiation calls removed
29	!
30	! 1797 2016-03-21 16:50:28Z raasch
31	! introduction of different datatransfer modes
32	!
33	! 1791 2016-03-11 10:41:25Z raasch
34	! call of pmci_update_new removed
35	!
36	! 1786 2016-03-08 05:49:27Z raasch
37	! +module spectrum
38	!
39	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
40	! switch back of netcdf data format for mask output moved to the mask output
41	! routine
42	!
43	! 1781 2016-03-03 15:12:23Z raasch
44	! some pmc calls removed at the beginning (before timeloop),
45	! pmc initialization moved to the main program
46	!
47	! 1764 2016-02-28 12:45:19Z raasch
48	! PMC_ACTIVE flags removed,
49	! bugfix: nest synchronization after first call of timestep
50	!
51	! 1762 2016-02-25 12:31:13Z hellstea
52	! Introduction of nested domain feature
53	!
54	! 1736 2015-12-04 08:56:33Z raasch
55	! no perturbations added to total domain if energy limit has been set zero
56	!
57	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
58	! Added option for spin-ups without land surface and radiation models. Moved calls
59	! for radiation and lan surface schemes.
60	!
61	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
62	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
63	!
64	! 1671 2015-09-25 03:29:37Z raasch
65	! bugfix: ghostpoint exchange for array diss in case that sgs velocities are used
66	! for particles
67	!
68	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
69	! Moved call of radiation scheme. Added support for RRTM
70	!
71	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
72	! Added interface for different radiation schemes.
73	!
74	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
75	! Added calls for the land surface model and radiation scheme
76	!
77	! 1402 2014-05-09 14:25:13Z raasch
78	! location messages modified
79	!
80	! 1384 2014-05-02 14:31:06Z raasch
81	! location messages added
82	!
83	! 1380 2014-04-28 12:40:45Z heinze
84	! CALL of nudge_ref added
85	! bc_pt_t_val and bc_q_t_val are updated in case nudging is used
86	!
87	! 1365 2014-04-22 15:03:56Z boeske
88	! Reset sums_ls_l to zero at each timestep
89	! +sums_ls_l
90	! Calculation of reference state (previously in subroutine calc_mean_profile)
91
92	! 1342 2014-03-26 17:04:47Z kanani
93	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
94	!
95	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
96	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
97	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
98	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
99	! old module precision_kind is removed,
100	! revision history before 2012 removed,
101	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
102	! all variable declaration statements
103	! 1318 2014-03-17 13:35:16Z raasch
104	! module interfaces removed
105	!
106	! 1308 2014-03-13 14:58:42Z fricke
107	! +netcdf_data_format_save
108	! For masked data, parallel netcdf output is not tested so far, hence
109	! netcdf_data_format is switched back to non-paralell output.
110	!
111	! 1276 2014-01-15 13:40:41Z heinze
112	! Use LSF_DATA also in case of Dirichlet bottom boundary condition for scalars
113	!
114	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
115	! acc-update-host directive for timestep removed
116	!
117	! 1241 2013-10-30 11:36:58Z heinze
118	! Generalize calc_mean_profile for wider use
119	! Determine shf and qsws in dependence on data from LSF_DATA
120	! Determine ug and vg in dependence on data from LSF_DATA
121	! 1221 2013-09-10 08:59:13Z raasch
122	! host update of arrays before timestep is called
123	!
124	! 1179 2013-06-14 05:57:58Z raasch
125	! mean profiles for reference state are only calculated if required,
126	! small bugfix for background communication
127	!
128	! 1171 2013-05-30 11:27:45Z raasch
129	! split of prognostic_equations deactivated (comment lines), for the time being
130	!
131	! 1128 2013-04-12 06:19:32Z raasch
132	! asynchronous transfer of ghost point data realized for acc-optimized version:
133	! prognostic_equations are first called two times for those points required for
134	! the left-right and north-south exchange, respectively, and then for the
135	! remaining points,
136	! those parts requiring global communication moved from prognostic_equations to
137	! here
138	!
139	! 1115 2013-03-26 18:16:16Z hoffmann
140	! calculation of qr and nr is restricted to precipitation
141	!
142	! 1113 2013-03-10 02:48:14Z raasch
143	! GPU-porting of boundary conditions,
144	! openACC directives updated
145	! formal parameter removed from routine boundary_conds
146	!
147	! 1111 2013-03-08 23:54:10Z raasch
148	! +internal timestep counter for cpu statistics added,
149	! openACC directives updated
150	!
151	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
152	! unused variables removed
153	!
154	! 1065 2012-11-22 17:42:36Z hoffmann
155	! exchange of diss (dissipation rate) in case of turbulence = .TRUE. added
156	!
157	! 1053 2012-11-13 17:11:03Z hoffmann
158	! exchange of ghost points for nr, qr added
159	!
160	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
161	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
162	!
163	! 1019 2012-09-28 06:46:45Z raasch
164	! non-optimized version of prognostic_equations removed
165	!
166	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
167	! +call of prognostic_equations_acc
168	!
169	! 1001 2012-09-13 14:08:46Z raasch
170	! all actions concerning leapfrog- and upstream-spline-scheme removed
171	!
172	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
173	! advec_particles renamed lpm, first_call_advec_particles renamed first_call_lpm
174	!
175	! 825 2012-02-19 03:03:44Z raasch
176	! wang_collision_kernel renamed wang_kernel
177	!
178	! Revision 1.1 1997/08/11 06:19:04 raasch
179	! Initial revision
180	!
181	!
182	! Description:
183	! ------------
184	!> Integration in time of the model equations, statistical analysis and graphic
185	!> output
186	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
187	SUBROUTINE time_integration
188
189
190	USE advec_ws, &
191	ONLY: ws_statistics
192
193	USE arrays_3d, &
194	ONLY: diss, dzu, e, e_p, nr_p, prho, pt, pt_p, pt_init, q_init, q, &
195	ql, ql_c, ql_v, ql_vp, qr_p, q_p, ref_state, rho, sa_p, tend, &
196	u, u_p, v, vpt, v_p, w, w_p
197
198	USE calc_mean_profile_mod, &
199	ONLY: calc_mean_profile
200
201	USE control_parameters, &
202	ONLY: advected_distance_x, advected_distance_y, average_count_3d, &
203	average_count_sp, averaging_interval, averaging_interval_pr, &
204	averaging_interval_sp, bc_lr_cyc, bc_ns_cyc, bc_pt_t_val, &
205	bc_q_t_val, call_psolver_at_all_substeps, cloud_droplets, &
206	cloud_physics, constant_flux_layer, constant_heatflux, &
207	create_disturbances, dopr_n, constant_diffusion, coupling_mode, &
208	coupling_start_time, current_timestep_number, &
209	disturbance_created, disturbance_energy_limit, dist_range, &
210	do_sum, dt_3d, dt_averaging_input, dt_averaging_input_pr, &
211	dt_coupling, dt_data_output_av, dt_disturb, dt_do2d_xy, &
212	dt_do2d_xz, dt_do2d_yz, dt_do3d, dt_domask,dt_dopts, dt_dopr, &
213	dt_dopr_listing, dt_dosp, dt_dots, dt_dvrp, dt_run_control, &
214	end_time, first_call_lpm, galilei_transformation, humidity, &
215	icloud_scheme, intermediate_timestep_count, &
216	intermediate_timestep_count_max, large_scale_forcing, &
217	loop_optimization, lsf_surf, lsf_vert, masks, mid, nest_domain, &
218	neutral, nr_timesteps_this_run, nudging, &
219	ocean, on_device, passive_scalar, precipitation, &
220	prho_reference, pt_reference, pt_slope_offset, random_heatflux, &
221	run_coupled, simulated_time, simulated_time_chr, &
222	skip_time_do2d_xy, skip_time_do2d_xz, skip_time_do2d_yz, &
223	skip_time_do3d, skip_time_domask, skip_time_dopr, &
224	skip_time_dosp, skip_time_data_output_av, sloping_surface, &
225	stop_dt, terminate_coupled, terminate_run, timestep_scheme, &
226	time_coupling, time_do2d_xy, time_do2d_xz, time_do2d_yz, &
227	time_do3d, time_domask, time_dopr, time_dopr_av, &
228	time_dopr_listing, time_dopts, time_dosp, time_dosp_av, &
229	time_dots, time_do_av, time_do_sla, time_disturb, time_dvrp, &
230	time_run_control, time_since_reference_point, &
231	turbulence, &
232	turbulent_inflow, use_initial_profile_as_reference, &
233	use_single_reference_value, u_gtrans, v_gtrans, ws_scheme_mom, &
234	ws_scheme_sca
235
236	USE cpulog, &
237	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point, log_point_s
238
239	USE indices, &
240	ONLY: i_left, i_right, j_north, j_south, nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, &
241	nxrg, nyn, nys, nzb, nzt, nzb_u_inner, nzb_v_inner
242
243	USE interaction_droplets_ptq_mod, &
244	ONLY: interaction_droplets_ptq
245
246	USE kinds
247
248	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
249	ONLY: land_surface, lsm_energy_balance, lsm_soil_model, &
250	skip_time_do_lsm
251
252	USE ls_forcing_mod, &
253	ONLY: ls_forcing_surf, ls_forcing_vert
254
255	USE nudge_mod, &
256	ONLY: calc_tnudge, nudge_ref
257
258	USE particle_attributes, &
259	ONLY: particle_advection, particle_advection_start, &
260	use_sgs_for_particles, wang_kernel
261
262	USE pegrid
263
264	USE pmc_interface, &
265	ONLY: client_to_server, nested_run, nesting_mode, &
266	pmci_client_synchronize, pmci_datatrans, &
267	pmci_ensure_nest_mass_conservation, &
268	pmci_server_synchronize, server_to_client
269
270	USE production_e_mod, &
271	ONLY: production_e_init
272
273	USE progress_bar, &
274	ONLY: finish_progress_bar, output_progress_bar
275
276	USE prognostic_equations_mod, &
277	ONLY: prognostic_equations_acc, prognostic_equations_cache, &
278	prognostic_equations_vector
279
280	USE radiation_model_mod, &
281	ONLY: dt_radiation, force_radiation_call, radiation, &
282	radiation_clearsky, radiation_rrtmg, radiation_scheme, &
283	skip_time_do_radiation, time_radiation
284
285	USE spectrum, &
286	ONLY: calc_spectra
287
288	USE statistics, &
289	ONLY: flow_statistics_called, hom, pr_palm, sums_ls_l
290
291	USE surface_layer_fluxes_mod, &
292	ONLY: surface_layer_fluxes
293
294	USE user_actions_mod, &
295	ONLY: user_actions
296
297	IMPLICIT NONE
298
299	CHARACTER (LEN=9) :: time_to_string !<
300
301	!
302	!-- At the beginning of a simulation determine the time step as well as
303	!-- determine and print out the run control parameters
304	IF ( simulated_time == 0.0_wp ) CALL timestep
305
306	!
307	!-- Synchronize the timestep in case of nested run.
308	!-- The server side must be called first
309	IF ( nested_run ) THEN
310	CALL pmci_server_synchronize
311	CALL pmci_client_synchronize
312	ENDIF
313
314	CALL run_control
315
316	!
317	!-- Data exchange between coupled models in case that a call has been omitted
318	!-- at the end of the previous run of a job chain.
319	IF ( coupling_mode /= 'uncoupled' .AND. run_coupled ) THEN
320	!
321	!-- In case of model termination initiated by the local model the coupler
322	!-- must not be called because this would again cause an MPI hang.
323	DO WHILE ( time_coupling >= dt_coupling .AND. terminate_coupled == 0 )
324	CALL surface_coupler
325	time_coupling = time_coupling - dt_coupling
326	ENDDO
327	IF (time_coupling == 0.0_wp .AND. time_since_reference_point < dt_coupling)&
328	THEN
329	time_coupling = time_since_reference_point
330	ENDIF
331	ENDIF
332
333	#if defined( __dvrp_graphics )
334	!
335	!-- Time measurement with dvrp software
336	CALL DVRP_LOG_EVENT( 2, current_timestep_number )
337	#endif
338
339	CALL location_message( 'start with time-stepping', .TRUE. )
340	!
341	!-- Start of the time loop
342	DO WHILE ( simulated_time < end_time .AND. .NOT. stop_dt .AND. &
343	.NOT. terminate_run )
344
345	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(10), 'timesteps', 'start' )
346
347	!
348	!-- Determine size of next time step
349	IF ( simulated_time /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
350	CALL timestep
351
352	IF ( nested_run ) THEN
353	!
354	!-- TO_DO: try to give more detailed and meaningful comments here
355	!-- Server side must be called first
356	CALL pmci_server_synchronize
357	CALL pmci_client_synchronize
358	ENDIF
359	ENDIF
360
361
362	!
363	!-- Determine ug, vg and w_subs in dependence on data from external file
364	!-- LSF_DATA
365	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_vert ) THEN
366	CALL ls_forcing_vert ( simulated_time )
367	sums_ls_l = 0.0_wp
368	ENDIF
369
370	!
371	!-- Set pt_init and q_init to the current profiles taken from
372	!-- NUDGING_DATA
373	IF ( nudging ) THEN
374	CALL nudge_ref ( simulated_time )
375	!
376	!-- Store temperature gradient at the top boundary for possible Neumann
377	!-- boundary condition
378	bc_pt_t_val = ( pt_init(nzt+1) - pt_init(nzt) ) / dzu(nzt+1)
379	bc_q_t_val = ( q_init(nzt+1) - q_init(nzt) ) / dzu(nzt+1)
380	ENDIF
381
382	!
383	!-- Execute the user-defined actions
384	CALL user_actions( 'before_timestep' )
385
386	!
387	!-- Start of intermediate step loop
388	intermediate_timestep_count = 0
389	DO WHILE ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
390	intermediate_timestep_count_max )
391
392	intermediate_timestep_count = intermediate_timestep_count + 1
393
394	!
395	!-- Set the steering factors for the prognostic equations which depend
396	!-- on the timestep scheme
397	CALL timestep_scheme_steering
398
399	!
400	!-- Calculate those variables needed in the tendency terms which need
401	!-- global communication
402	IF ( .NOT. use_single_reference_value .AND. &
403	.NOT. use_initial_profile_as_reference ) THEN
404	!
405	!-- Horizontally averaged profiles to be used as reference state in
406	!-- buoyancy terms (WARNING: only the respective last call of
407	!-- calc_mean_profile defines the reference state!)
408	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
409	CALL calc_mean_profile( pt, 4 )
410	ref_state(:) = hom(:,1,4,0) ! this is used in the buoyancy term
411	ENDIF
412	IF ( ocean ) THEN
413	CALL calc_mean_profile( rho, 64 )
414	ref_state(:) = hom(:,1,64,0)
415	ENDIF
416	IF ( humidity ) THEN
417	CALL calc_mean_profile( vpt, 44 )
418	ref_state(:) = hom(:,1,44,0)
419	ENDIF
420
421	ENDIF
422
423	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) CALL production_e_init
424	IF ( ( ws_scheme_mom .OR. ws_scheme_sca ) .AND. &
425	intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) CALL ws_statistics
426	!
427	!-- In case of nudging calculate current nudging time scale and horizontal
428	!-- means of u, v, pt and q
429	IF ( nudging ) THEN
430	CALL calc_tnudge( simulated_time )
431	CALL calc_mean_profile( u, 1 )
432	CALL calc_mean_profile( v, 2 )
433	CALL calc_mean_profile( pt, 4 )
434	CALL calc_mean_profile( q, 41 )
435	ENDIF
436
437	!
438	!-- Solve the prognostic equations. A fast cache optimized version with
439	!-- only one single loop is used in case of Piascek-Williams advection
440	!-- scheme. NEC vector machines use a different version, because
441	!-- in the other versions a good vectorization is prohibited due to
442	!-- inlining problems.
443	IF ( loop_optimization == 'cache' ) THEN
444	CALL prognostic_equations_cache
445	ELSEIF ( loop_optimization == 'vector' ) THEN
446	CALL prognostic_equations_vector
447	ELSEIF ( loop_optimization == 'acc' ) THEN
448	i_left = nxl; i_right = nxr
449	j_south = nys; j_north = nyn
450	CALL prognostic_equations_acc
451
452	! i_left = nxl; i_right = nxl+nbgp-1
453	! j_south = nys; j_north = nyn
454	! CALL prognostic_equations_acc
455	! i_left = nxr-nbgp+1; i_right = nxr
456	! j_south = nys; j_north = nyn
457	! CALL prognostic_equations_acc
458
459	!
460	!-- Exchange of ghost points (lateral boundary conditions)
461	IF ( background_communication ) THEN
462
463	CALL cpu_log( log_point(26), 'exchange-horiz-progn', 'start' )
464
465	send_receive = 'lr'
466	sendrecv_in_background = .TRUE.
467	req = 0
468	req_count = 0
469
470	IF ( numprocs == 1 ) THEN ! workaround for single-core GPU runs
471	on_device = .TRUE. ! to be removed after complete porting
472	ELSE ! of ghost point exchange
473	!$acc update host( e_p, pt_p, u_p, v_p, w_p )
474	ENDIF
475
476	CALL exchange_horiz( u_p, nbgp )
477	CALL exchange_horiz( v_p, nbgp )
478	CALL exchange_horiz( w_p, nbgp )
479	CALL exchange_horiz( pt_p, nbgp )
480	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) CALL exchange_horiz( e_p, nbgp )
481	IF ( ocean ) THEN
482	CALL exchange_horiz( sa_p, nbgp )
483	CALL exchange_horiz( rho, nbgp )
484	CALL exchange_horiz( prho, nbgp )
485	ENDIF
486	IF (humidity .OR. passive_scalar) THEN
487	CALL exchange_horiz( q_p, nbgp )
488	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. icloud_scheme == 0 ) THEN
489	CALL exchange_horiz( qr_p, nbgp )
490	CALL exchange_horiz( nr_p, nbgp )
491	ENDIF
492	ENDIF
493	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
494	CALL exchange_horiz( ql, nbgp )
495	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_c, nbgp )
496	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_v, nbgp )
497	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_vp, nbgp )
498	ENDIF
499	IF ( wang_kernel .OR. turbulence .OR. use_sgs_for_particles ) &
500	THEN
501	CALL exchange_horiz( diss, nbgp )
502	ENDIF
503
504	IF ( numprocs == 1 ) THEN ! workaround for single-core GPU runs
505	on_device = .FALSE. ! to be removed after complete porting
506	ELSE ! of ghost point exchange
507	!$acc update device( e_p, pt_p, u_p, v_p, w_p )
508	ENDIF
509
510	sendrecv_in_background = .FALSE.
511
512	CALL cpu_log( log_point(26), 'exchange-horiz-progn', 'pause' )
513
514	ENDIF
515
516	! i_left = nxl+nbgp; i_right = nxr-nbgp
517	! j_south = nys; j_north = nys+nbgp-1
518	! CALL prognostic_equations_acc
519	! i_left = nxl+nbgp; i_right = nxr-nbgp
520	! j_south = nyn-nbgp+1; j_north = nyn
521	! CALL prognostic_equations_acc
522
523	IF ( background_communication ) THEN
524	CALL cpu_log( log_point(41), 'exchange-horiz-wait', 'start' )
525	#if defined( __parallel )
526	CALL MPI_WAITALL( req_count, req, wait_stat, ierr )
527	#endif
528	CALL cpu_log( log_point(41), 'exchange-horiz-wait', 'pause' )
529
530	CALL cpu_log( log_point(26), 'exchange-horiz-progn', 'continue' )
531
532	send_receive = 'ns'
533	sendrecv_in_background = .TRUE.
534	req = 0
535	req_count = 0
536
537	IF ( numprocs == 1 ) THEN ! workaround for single-core GPU runs
538	on_device = .TRUE. ! to be removed after complete porting
539	ELSE ! of ghost point exchange
540	!$acc update host( e_p, pt_p, u_p, v_p, w_p )
541	ENDIF
542
543	CALL exchange_horiz( u_p, nbgp )
544	CALL exchange_horiz( v_p, nbgp )
545	CALL exchange_horiz( w_p, nbgp )
546	CALL exchange_horiz( pt_p, nbgp )
547	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) CALL exchange_horiz( e_p, nbgp )
548	IF ( ocean ) THEN
549	CALL exchange_horiz( sa_p, nbgp )
550	CALL exchange_horiz( rho, nbgp )
551	CALL exchange_horiz( prho, nbgp )
552	ENDIF
553	IF (humidity .OR. passive_scalar) THEN
554	CALL exchange_horiz( q_p, nbgp )
555	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. icloud_scheme == 0 ) THEN
556	CALL exchange_horiz( qr_p, nbgp )
557	CALL exchange_horiz( nr_p, nbgp )
558	ENDIF
559	ENDIF
560	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
561	CALL exchange_horiz( ql, nbgp )
562	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_c, nbgp )
563	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_v, nbgp )
564	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_vp, nbgp )
565	ENDIF
566	IF ( wang_kernel .OR. turbulence .OR. use_sgs_for_particles ) &
567	THEN
568	CALL exchange_horiz( diss, nbgp )
569	ENDIF
570
571	IF ( numprocs == 1 ) THEN ! workaround for single-core GPU runs
572	on_device = .FALSE. ! to be removed after complete porting
573	ELSE ! of ghost point exchange
574	!$acc update device( e_p, pt_p, u_p, v_p, w_p )
575	ENDIF
576
577	sendrecv_in_background = .FALSE.
578
579	CALL cpu_log( log_point(26), 'exchange-horiz-progn', 'stop' )
580
581	ENDIF
582
583	! i_left = nxl+nbgp; i_right = nxr-nbgp
584	! j_south = nys+nbgp; j_north = nyn-nbgp
585	! CALL prognostic_equations_acc
586
587	IF ( background_communication ) THEN
588	CALL cpu_log( log_point(41), 'exchange-horiz-wait', 'continue' )
589	#if defined( __parallel )
590	CALL MPI_WAITALL( req_count, req, wait_stat, ierr )
591	#endif
592	send_receive = 'al'
593	CALL cpu_log( log_point(41), 'exchange-horiz-wait', 'stop' )
594	ENDIF
595
596	ENDIF
597
598	!
599	!-- Particle transport/physics with the Lagrangian particle model
600	!-- (only once during intermediate steps, because it uses an Euler-step)
601	!-- ### particle model should be moved before prognostic_equations, in order
602	!-- to regard droplet interactions directly
603	IF ( particle_advection .AND. &
604	simulated_time >= particle_advection_start .AND. &
605	intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
606	CALL lpm
607	first_call_lpm = .FALSE.
608	ENDIF
609
610	!
611	!-- Interaction of droplets with temperature and specific humidity.
612	!-- Droplet condensation and evaporation is calculated within
613	!-- advec_particles.
614	IF ( cloud_droplets .AND. &
615	intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max )&
616	THEN
617	CALL interaction_droplets_ptq
618	ENDIF
619
620	!
621	!-- Exchange of ghost points (lateral boundary conditions)
622	IF ( .NOT. background_communication ) THEN
623
624	CALL cpu_log( log_point(26), 'exchange-horiz-progn', 'start' )
625
626	IF ( numprocs == 1 ) THEN ! workaround for single-core GPU runs
627	on_device = .TRUE. ! to be removed after complete porting
628	ELSE ! of ghost point exchange
629	!$acc update host( e_p, pt_p, u_p, v_p, w_p )
630	ENDIF
631
632	CALL exchange_horiz( u_p, nbgp )
633	CALL exchange_horiz( v_p, nbgp )
634	CALL exchange_horiz( w_p, nbgp )
635	CALL exchange_horiz( pt_p, nbgp )
636	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) CALL exchange_horiz( e_p, nbgp )
637	IF ( ocean ) THEN
638	CALL exchange_horiz( sa_p, nbgp )
639	CALL exchange_horiz( rho, nbgp )
640	CALL exchange_horiz( prho, nbgp )
641	ENDIF
642	IF (humidity .OR. passive_scalar) THEN
643	CALL exchange_horiz( q_p, nbgp )
644	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. icloud_scheme == 0 .AND. &
645	precipitation ) THEN
646	CALL exchange_horiz( qr_p, nbgp )
647	CALL exchange_horiz( nr_p, nbgp )
648	ENDIF
649	ENDIF
650	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
651	CALL exchange_horiz( ql, nbgp )
652	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_c, nbgp )
653	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_v, nbgp )
654	CALL exchange_horiz( ql_vp, nbgp )
655	ENDIF
656	IF ( wang_kernel .OR. turbulence .OR. use_sgs_for_particles ) &
657	THEN
658	CALL exchange_horiz( diss, nbgp )
659	ENDIF
660
661	IF ( numprocs == 1 ) THEN ! workaround for single-core GPU runs
662	on_device = .FALSE. ! to be removed after complete porting
663	ELSE ! of ghost point exchange
664	!$acc update device( e_p, pt_p, u_p, v_p, w_p )
665	ENDIF
666
667	CALL cpu_log( log_point(26), 'exchange-horiz-progn', 'stop' )
668
669	ENDIF
670
671	!
672	!-- Boundary conditions for the prognostic quantities (except of the
673	!-- velocities at the outflow in case of a non-cyclic lateral wall)
674	CALL boundary_conds
675
676	!
677	!-- Swap the time levels in preparation for the next time step.
678	CALL swap_timelevel
679
680	IF ( nested_run ) THEN
681
682	CALL cpu_log( log_point(60), 'nesting', 'start' )
683	!
684	!-- Domain nesting. The data transfer subroutines pmci_server_datatrans
685	!-- and pmci_client_datatatrans are called inside the wrapper
686	!-- subroutine pmci_datatrans according to the control parameters
687	!-- nesting_mode and nesting_datatransfer_mode.
688	!-- TO_DO: why is nesting_mode given as a parameter here?
689	CALL pmci_datatrans( nesting_mode )
690
691	IF ( nesting_mode == 'two-way' ) THEN
692	!
693	!-- Exchange_horiz is needed for all server-domains after the
694	!-- anterpolation
695	CALL exchange_horiz( u, nbgp )
696	CALL exchange_horiz( v, nbgp )
697	CALL exchange_horiz( w, nbgp )
698	CALL exchange_horiz( pt, nbgp )
699	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
700	CALL exchange_horiz( q, nbgp )
701	ENDIF
702	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) CALL exchange_horiz( e, nbgp )
703	ENDIF
704	!
705	!-- Correct the w top-BC in nest domains to ensure mass conservation.
706	!-- This action must never be done for the root domain.
707	IF ( nest_domain ) THEN
708	CALL pmci_ensure_nest_mass_conservation
709	ENDIF
710
711	CALL cpu_log( log_point(60), 'nesting', 'stop' )
712
713	ENDIF
714
715	!
716	!-- Temperature offset must be imposed at cyclic boundaries in x-direction
717	!-- when a sloping surface is used
718	IF ( sloping_surface ) THEN
719	IF ( nxl == 0 ) pt(:,:,nxlg:nxl-1) = pt(:,:,nxlg:nxl-1) - &
720	pt_slope_offset
721	IF ( nxr == nx ) pt(:,:,nxr+1:nxrg) = pt(:,:,nxr+1:nxrg) + &
722	pt_slope_offset
723	ENDIF
724
725	!
726	!-- Impose a turbulent inflow using the recycling method
727	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) CALL inflow_turbulence
728
729	!
730	!-- Impose a random perturbation on the horizontal velocity field
731	IF ( create_disturbances .AND. &
732	( call_psolver_at_all_substeps .AND. &
733	intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max )&
734	.OR. ( .NOT. call_psolver_at_all_substeps .AND. &
735	intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) ) &
736	THEN
737	time_disturb = time_disturb + dt_3d
738	IF ( time_disturb >= dt_disturb ) THEN
739	!$acc update host( u, v )
740	IF ( numprocs == 1 ) on_device = .FALSE. ! workaround, remove later
741	IF ( disturbance_energy_limit /= 0.0_wp .AND. &
742	hom(nzb+5,1,pr_palm,0) < disturbance_energy_limit ) THEN
743	CALL disturb_field( nzb_u_inner, tend, u )
744	CALL disturb_field( nzb_v_inner, tend, v )
745	ELSEIF ( .NOT. bc_lr_cyc .OR. .NOT. bc_ns_cyc ) THEN
746	!
747	!-- Runs with a non-cyclic lateral wall need perturbations
748	!-- near the inflow throughout the whole simulation
749	dist_range = 1
750	CALL disturb_field( nzb_u_inner, tend, u )
751	CALL disturb_field( nzb_v_inner, tend, v )
752	dist_range = 0
753	ENDIF
754	IF ( numprocs == 1 ) on_device = .TRUE. ! workaround, remove later
755	!$acc update device( u, v )
756	time_disturb = time_disturb - dt_disturb
757	ENDIF
758	ENDIF
759
760	!
761	!-- Reduce the velocity divergence via the equation for perturbation
762	!-- pressure.
763	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 .OR. &
764	call_psolver_at_all_substeps ) THEN
765	CALL pres
766	ENDIF
767
768	!
769	!-- If required, compute liquid water content
770	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
771	CALL calc_liquid_water_content
772	!$acc update device( ql )
773	ENDIF
774	!
775	!-- If required, compute virtual potential temperature
776	IF ( humidity ) THEN
777	CALL compute_vpt
778	!$acc update device( vpt )
779	ENDIF
780
781	!
782	!-- Compute the diffusion quantities
783	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) THEN
784
785	!
786	!-- Determine surface fluxes shf and qsws and surface values
787	!-- pt_surface and q_surface in dependence on data from external
788	!-- file LSF_DATA respectively
789	IF ( ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) .AND. &
790	intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max )&
791	THEN
792	CALL ls_forcing_surf ( simulated_time )
793	ENDIF
794
795	!
796	!-- First the vertical fluxes in the surface (constant flux) layer are computed
797	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
798	CALL cpu_log( log_point(19), 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'start' )
799	CALL surface_layer_fluxes
800	CALL cpu_log( log_point(19), 'surface_layer_fluxes', 'stop' )
801	ENDIF
802
803	!
804	!-- If required, solve the energy balance for the surface and run soil
805	!-- model
806	IF ( land_surface .AND. simulated_time > skip_time_do_lsm) THEN
807
808	CALL cpu_log( log_point(54), 'land_surface', 'start' )
809	CALL lsm_energy_balance
810	CALL lsm_soil_model
811	CALL cpu_log( log_point(54), 'land_surface', 'stop' )
812	ENDIF
813	!
814	!-- Compute the diffusion coefficients
815	CALL cpu_log( log_point(17), 'diffusivities', 'start' )
816	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
817	IF ( ocean ) THEN
818	CALL diffusivities( prho, prho_reference )
819	ELSE
820	CALL diffusivities( pt, pt_reference )
821	ENDIF
822	ELSE
823	CALL diffusivities( vpt, pt_reference )
824	ENDIF
825	CALL cpu_log( log_point(17), 'diffusivities', 'stop' )
826
827	ENDIF
828
829	!
830	!-- If required, calculate radiative fluxes and heating rates
831	IF ( radiation .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
832	== intermediate_timestep_count_max .AND. simulated_time > &
833	skip_time_do_radiation ) THEN
834
835	time_radiation = time_radiation + dt_3d
836
837	IF ( time_radiation >= dt_radiation .OR. force_radiation_call ) &
838	THEN
839
840	CALL cpu_log( log_point(50), 'radiation', 'start' )
841
842	IF ( .NOT. force_radiation_call ) THEN
843	time_radiation = time_radiation - dt_radiation
844	ENDIF
845
846	IF ( radiation_scheme == 'clear-sky' ) THEN
847	CALL radiation_clearsky
848	ELSEIF ( radiation_scheme == 'rrtmg' ) THEN
849	CALL radiation_rrtmg
850	ENDIF
851
852	CALL cpu_log( log_point(50), 'radiation', 'stop' )
853	ENDIF
854	ENDIF
855
856	ENDDO ! Intermediate step loop
857
858	!
859	!-- Increase simulation time and output times
860	nr_timesteps_this_run = nr_timesteps_this_run + 1
861	current_timestep_number = current_timestep_number + 1
862	simulated_time = simulated_time + dt_3d
863	simulated_time_chr = time_to_string( simulated_time )
864	time_since_reference_point = simulated_time - coupling_start_time
865
866	IF ( simulated_time >= skip_time_data_output_av ) THEN
867	time_do_av = time_do_av + dt_3d
868	ENDIF
869	IF ( simulated_time >= skip_time_do2d_xy ) THEN
870	time_do2d_xy = time_do2d_xy + dt_3d
871	ENDIF
872	IF ( simulated_time >= skip_time_do2d_xz ) THEN
873	time_do2d_xz = time_do2d_xz + dt_3d
874	ENDIF
875	IF ( simulated_time >= skip_time_do2d_yz ) THEN
876	time_do2d_yz = time_do2d_yz + dt_3d
877	ENDIF
878	IF ( simulated_time >= skip_time_do3d ) THEN
879	time_do3d = time_do3d + dt_3d
880	ENDIF
881	DO mid = 1, masks
882	IF ( simulated_time >= skip_time_domask(mid) ) THEN
883	time_domask(mid)= time_domask(mid) + dt_3d
884	ENDIF
885	ENDDO
886	time_dvrp = time_dvrp + dt_3d
887	IF ( simulated_time >= skip_time_dosp ) THEN
888	time_dosp = time_dosp + dt_3d
889	ENDIF
890	time_dots = time_dots + dt_3d
891	IF ( .NOT. first_call_lpm ) THEN
892	time_dopts = time_dopts + dt_3d
893	ENDIF
894	IF ( simulated_time >= skip_time_dopr ) THEN
895	time_dopr = time_dopr + dt_3d
896	ENDIF
897	time_dopr_listing = time_dopr_listing + dt_3d
898	time_run_control = time_run_control + dt_3d
899
900	!
901	!-- Data exchange between coupled models
902	IF ( coupling_mode /= 'uncoupled' .AND. run_coupled ) THEN
903	time_coupling = time_coupling + dt_3d
904
905	!
906	!-- In case of model termination initiated by the local model
907	!-- (terminate_coupled > 0), the coupler must be skipped because it would
908	!-- cause an MPI intercomminucation hang.
909	!-- If necessary, the coupler will be called at the beginning of the
910	!-- next restart run.
911	DO WHILE ( time_coupling >= dt_coupling .AND. terminate_coupled == 0 )
912	CALL surface_coupler
913	time_coupling = time_coupling - dt_coupling
914	ENDDO
915	ENDIF
916
917	!
918	!-- Execute user-defined actions
919	CALL user_actions( 'after_integration' )
920
921	!
922	!-- If Galilei transformation is used, determine the distance that the
923	!-- model has moved so far
924	IF ( galilei_transformation ) THEN
925	advected_distance_x = advected_distance_x + u_gtrans * dt_3d
926	advected_distance_y = advected_distance_y + v_gtrans * dt_3d
927	ENDIF
928
929	!
930	!-- Check, if restart is necessary (because cpu-time is expiring or
931	!-- because it is forced by user) and set stop flag
932	!-- This call is skipped if the remote model has already initiated a restart.
933	IF ( .NOT. terminate_run ) CALL check_for_restart
934
935	!
936	!-- Carry out statistical analysis and output at the requested output times.
937	!-- The MOD function is used for calculating the output time counters (like
938	!-- time_dopr) in order to regard a possible decrease of the output time
939	!-- interval in case of restart runs
940
941	!
942	!-- Set a flag indicating that so far no statistics have been created
943	!-- for this time step
944	flow_statistics_called = .FALSE.
945
946	!
947	!-- If required, call flow_statistics for averaging in time
948	IF ( averaging_interval_pr /= 0.0_wp .AND. &
949	( dt_dopr - time_dopr ) <= averaging_interval_pr .AND. &
950	simulated_time >= skip_time_dopr ) THEN
951	time_dopr_av = time_dopr_av + dt_3d
952	IF ( time_dopr_av >= dt_averaging_input_pr ) THEN
953	do_sum = .TRUE.
954	time_dopr_av = MOD( time_dopr_av, &
955	MAX( dt_averaging_input_pr, dt_3d ) )
956	ENDIF
957	ENDIF
958	IF ( do_sum ) CALL flow_statistics
959
960	!
961	!-- Sum-up 3d-arrays for later output of time-averaged 2d/3d/masked data
962	IF ( averaging_interval /= 0.0_wp .AND. &
963	( dt_data_output_av - time_do_av ) <= averaging_interval .AND. &
964	simulated_time >= skip_time_data_output_av ) &
965	THEN
966	time_do_sla = time_do_sla + dt_3d
967	IF ( time_do_sla >= dt_averaging_input ) THEN
968	CALL sum_up_3d_data
969	average_count_3d = average_count_3d + 1
970	time_do_sla = MOD( time_do_sla, MAX( dt_averaging_input, dt_3d ) )
971	ENDIF
972	ENDIF
973
974	!
975	!-- Calculate spectra for time averaging
976	IF ( averaging_interval_sp /= 0.0_wp .AND. &
977	( dt_dosp - time_dosp ) <= averaging_interval_sp .AND. &
978	simulated_time >= skip_time_dosp ) THEN
979	time_dosp_av = time_dosp_av + dt_3d
980	IF ( time_dosp_av >= dt_averaging_input_pr ) THEN
981	CALL calc_spectra
982	time_dosp_av = MOD( time_dosp_av, &
983	MAX( dt_averaging_input_pr, dt_3d ) )
984	ENDIF
985	ENDIF
986
987	!
988	!-- Computation and output of run control parameters.
989	!-- This is also done whenever perturbations have been imposed
990	IF ( time_run_control >= dt_run_control .OR. &
991	timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' .OR. disturbance_created ) &
992	THEN
993	CALL run_control
994	IF ( time_run_control >= dt_run_control ) THEN
995	time_run_control = MOD( time_run_control, &
996	MAX( dt_run_control, dt_3d ) )
997	ENDIF
998	ENDIF
999
1000	!
1001	!-- Profile output (ASCII) on file
1002	IF ( time_dopr_listing >= dt_dopr_listing ) THEN
1003	CALL print_1d
1004	time_dopr_listing = MOD( time_dopr_listing, MAX( dt_dopr_listing, &
1005	dt_3d ) )
1006	ENDIF
1007
1008	!
1009	!-- Graphic output for PROFIL
1010	IF ( time_dopr >= dt_dopr ) THEN
1011	IF ( dopr_n /= 0 ) CALL data_output_profiles
1012	time_dopr = MOD( time_dopr, MAX( dt_dopr, dt_3d ) )
1013	time_dopr_av = 0.0_wp ! due to averaging (see above)
1014	ENDIF
1015
1016	!
1017	!-- Graphic output for time series
1018	IF ( time_dots >= dt_dots ) THEN
1019	CALL data_output_tseries
1020	time_dots = MOD( time_dots, MAX( dt_dots, dt_3d ) )
1021	ENDIF
1022
1023	!
1024	!-- Output of spectra (formatted for use with PROFIL), in case of no
1025	!-- time averaging, spectra has to be calculated before
1026	IF ( time_dosp >= dt_dosp ) THEN
1027	IF ( average_count_sp == 0 ) CALL calc_spectra
1028	CALL data_output_spectra
1029	time_dosp = MOD( time_dosp, MAX( dt_dosp, dt_3d ) )
1030	ENDIF
1031
1032	!
1033	!-- 2d-data output (cross-sections)
1034	IF ( time_do2d_xy >= dt_do2d_xy ) THEN
1035	CALL data_output_2d( 'xy', 0 )
1036	time_do2d_xy = MOD( time_do2d_xy, MAX( dt_do2d_xy, dt_3d ) )
1037	ENDIF
1038	IF ( time_do2d_xz >= dt_do2d_xz ) THEN
1039	CALL data_output_2d( 'xz', 0 )
1040	time_do2d_xz = MOD( time_do2d_xz, MAX( dt_do2d_xz, dt_3d ) )
1041	ENDIF
1042	IF ( time_do2d_yz >= dt_do2d_yz ) THEN
1043	CALL data_output_2d( 'yz', 0 )
1044	time_do2d_yz = MOD( time_do2d_yz, MAX( dt_do2d_yz, dt_3d ) )
1045	ENDIF
1046
1047	!
1048	!-- 3d-data output (volume data)
1049	IF ( time_do3d >= dt_do3d ) THEN
1050	CALL data_output_3d( 0 )
1051	time_do3d = MOD( time_do3d, MAX( dt_do3d, dt_3d ) )
1052	ENDIF
1053
1054	!
1055	!-- Masked data output
1056	DO mid = 1, masks
1057	IF ( time_domask(mid) >= dt_domask(mid) ) THEN
1058	CALL data_output_mask( 0 )
1059	time_domask(mid) = MOD( time_domask(mid), &
1060	MAX( dt_domask(mid), dt_3d ) )
1061	ENDIF
1062	ENDDO
1063
1064	!
1065	!-- Output of time-averaged 2d/3d/masked data
1066	IF ( time_do_av >= dt_data_output_av ) THEN
1067	CALL average_3d_data
1068	CALL data_output_2d( 'xy', 1 )
1069	CALL data_output_2d( 'xz', 1 )
1070	CALL data_output_2d( 'yz', 1 )
1071	CALL data_output_3d( 1 )
1072	DO mid = 1, masks
1073	CALL data_output_mask( 1 )
1074	ENDDO
1075	time_do_av = MOD( time_do_av, MAX( dt_data_output_av, dt_3d ) )
1076	ENDIF
1077
1078	!
1079	!-- Output of particle time series
1080	IF ( particle_advection ) THEN
1081	IF ( time_dopts >= dt_dopts .OR. &
1082	( simulated_time >= particle_advection_start .AND. &
1083	first_call_lpm ) ) THEN
1084	CALL data_output_ptseries
1085	time_dopts = MOD( time_dopts, MAX( dt_dopts, dt_3d ) )
1086	ENDIF
1087	ENDIF
1088
1089	!
1090	!-- Output of dvrp-graphics (isosurface, particles, slicer)
1091	#if defined( __dvrp_graphics )
1092	CALL DVRP_LOG_EVENT( -2, current_timestep_number-1 )
1093	#endif
1094	IF ( time_dvrp >= dt_dvrp ) THEN
1095	CALL data_output_dvrp
1096	time_dvrp = MOD( time_dvrp, MAX( dt_dvrp, dt_3d ) )
1097	ENDIF
1098	#if defined( __dvrp_graphics )
1099	CALL DVRP_LOG_EVENT( 2, current_timestep_number )
1100	#endif
1101
1102	!
1103	!-- If required, set the heat flux for the next time step at a random value
1104	IF ( constant_heatflux .AND. random_heatflux ) CALL disturb_heatflux
1105
1106	!
1107	!-- Execute user-defined actions
1108	CALL user_actions( 'after_timestep' )
1109
1110	!
1111	!-- Output elapsed simulated time in form of a progress bar on stdout
1112	IF ( myid == 0 ) CALL output_progress_bar
1113
1114	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(10), 'timesteps', 'stop' )
1115
1116
1117	ENDDO ! time loop
1118
1119	IF ( myid == 0 ) CALL finish_progress_bar
1120
1121	#if defined( __dvrp_graphics )
1122	CALL DVRP_LOG_EVENT( -2, current_timestep_number )
1123	#endif
1124
1125	CALL location_message( 'finished time-stepping', .TRUE. )
1126
1127	END SUBROUTINE time_integration

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