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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 3917

Last change on this file since 3917 was 3909, checked in by suehring, 6 years ago
Minor bugfix in STG
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 85.0 KB

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1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2017-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 3909 2019-04-17 09:13:25Z raasch $
27	! Minor bugfix for last commit
28	!
29	! 3900 2019-04-16 15:17:43Z suehring
30	! Missing re-calculation of perturbation seeds in case of restarts
31	!
32	! 3891 2019-04-12 17:52:01Z suehring
33	! Bugfix in initialization in case of restart runs.
34	!
35	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
36	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
37	! of additional debug messages
38	!
39	!
40	! removed unused variables
41	!
42	! 3719 2019-02-06 13:10:18Z kanani
43	! Removed log_point measurement from stg_init, since this part is counted to
44	! log_point(2) 'initialisation' already. Moved other log_points to calls of
45	! the subroutines in time_integration for better overview.
46	!
47	! 3646 2018-12-28 17:58:49Z kanani
48	! Bugfix: use time_since_reference_point instead of simulated_time (relevant
49	! when using wall/soil spinup)
50	!
51	! 3579 2018-11-29 15:32:39Z suehring
52	! - Bugfix in calculation of turbulence scaling parameters for turbulence
53	! generator in case of topography
54	! - Additional checks implemented - no STG in RANS-RANS nesting or LES-LES
55	! nesting
56	!
57	! 3376 2018-10-19 10:15:32Z suehring
58	! Error messages and numbers reivsed.
59	!
60	! 3349 2018-10-15 16:39:41Z suehring
61	! Fix for format descriptor
62	!
63	! 3348 2018-10-15 14:30:51Z suehring
64	! - Revise structure of init routine
65	! - introduce new parameters to skip STG for some timesteps
66	! - introduce time-dependent parametrization of Reynolds-stress tensor
67	! - Bugfix in allocation of mean_inflow_profiles
68	!
69	! 3341 2018-10-15 10:31:27Z suehring
70	! Introduce module parameter for number of inflow profiles
71	!
72	! 3288 2018-09-28 10:23:08Z suehring
73	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
74	!
75	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
76	! Minor formating changes
77	!
78	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
79	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
80	!
81	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
82	! unused variables removed
83	!
84	! 3186 2018-07-30 17:07:14Z suehring
85	! Mask topography while imposing inflow perturbations at the boundaries; do not
86	! impose perturbations at top boundary as well as ghost points
87	!
88	! 3183 2018-07-27 14:25:55Z suehring
89	! Rename variables and extend error message
90	! Enable geneartor also for stretched grids
91	!
92	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
93	! Error message related to vertical stretching has been added, dz was replaced
94	! by dz(1)
95	!
96	! 3051 2018-05-30 17:43:55Z suehring
97	! Bugfix in calculation of initial Reynolds-stress tensor.
98	!
99	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
100	! Error messages revised
101	!
102	! 3044 2018-05-25 10:59:41Z gronemeier
103	! Add missing variable descriptions
104	!
105	! 3038 2018-05-24 10:54:00Z gronemeier
106	! updated variable descriptions
107	!
108	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
109	! bugfix: missing parallel cpp-directives added
110	!
111	! 2946 2018-04-04 17:01:23Z suehring
112	! Remove unused module load
113	!
114	! 2945 2018-04-04 16:27:14Z suehring
115	! - Bugfix in parallelization of synthetic turbulence generator in case the
116	! z-dimension is not an integral divisor of the number of processors along
117	! the x- and y-dimension
118	! - Revision in control mimic in case of RAN-LES nesting
119	!
120	! 2938 2018-03-27 15:52:42Z suehring
121	! Apply turbulence generator at all non-cyclic lateral boundaries in case of
122	! realistic Inifor large-scale forcing or RANS-LES nesting
123	!
124	! 2936 2018-03-27 14:49:27Z suehring
125	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was found,
126	! reading of restart strings has been moved completely to read_restart_data_mod,
127	! redundant skipping function has been removed, stg_read/write_restart_data
128	! have been renamed to stg_r/wrd_global, stg_rrd_global is called in
129	! read_restart_data_mod now, flag syn_turb_gen_prerun and marker *** end stg
130	! *** have been removed (Giersch), strings and their respective lengths are
131	! written out and read now in case of restart runs to get rid of prescribed
132	! character lengths (Giersch), CASE DEFAULT was added if restart data is read
133	!
134	! 2841 2018-02-27 15:02:57Z suehring
135	! Bugfix: wrong placement of include 'mpif.h' corrected
136	!
137	! 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z Giersch
138	! The variables synthetic_turbulence_generator and
139	! use_synthetic_turbulence_generator have been abbreviated + syn_turb_gen_prerun
140	! flag is used to define if module related parameters were outputted as restart
141	! data
142	!
143	! 2716 2017-12-29 16:35:59Z kanani
144	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
145	!
146	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
147	! Change in file header (GPL part)
148	!
149	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
150	! unit number for file containing turbulence generator data changed to 90
151	! bugfix: preprocessor directives added for MPI specific code
152	!
153	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
154	! Definition of a new function called stg_skip_global to skip module
155	! parameters during reading restart data
156	!
157	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
158	! stg_read_restart_data is called in stg_parin in the case of a restart run
159	!
160	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
161	! Initial revision
162	!
163	!
164	!
165	! Authors:
166	! --------
167	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
168	!
169	!
170	!
171	! Description:
172	! ------------
173	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
174	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
175	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
176	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
177	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
178	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
179	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
180	!> within the boundary layer.
181	!>
182	!> @todo test restart
183	!> enable cyclic_fill
184	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
185	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
186	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
187	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
188	!> must match with current PALM grid.
189	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
190	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
191	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
192	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
193
194
195	USE arrays_3d, &
196	ONLY: mean_inflow_profiles, q, pt, u, v, w, zu, zw
197
198	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
199	ONLY: g, kappa, pi
200
201	USE control_parameters, &
202	ONLY: debug_output, &
203	debug_string, &
204	initializing_actions, &
205	message_string, &
206	num_mean_inflow_profiles, &
207	syn_turb_gen
208
209	USE indices, &
210	ONLY: nbgp, nzb, nzt, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nys, nyn, nyng, nysg
211
212	USE kinds
213
214	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
215	USE MPI
216	#endif
217
218	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
219	ONLY: zi_ribulk
220
221	USE pegrid, &
222	ONLY: comm1dx, comm1dy, comm2d, ierr, myidx, myidy, pdims
223
224	USE transpose_indices, &
225	ONLY: nzb_x, nzt_x
226
227
228	IMPLICIT NONE
229
230	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
231	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
232	#endif
233
234
235	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
236	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
237	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
238
239	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
240	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
241	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
242	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
243	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
244	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
245	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
246	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
247	INTEGER(iwp) :: merg !< maximum length scale (in gp)
248	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< merg + nbgp
249	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
250	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
251	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
252	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
253
254	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
255	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
256	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
257	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
258	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
259	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
260	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
261	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
262	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
263	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
264	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
265	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
266	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
267	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed !< seed of random number for rn-generator
268
269	REAL(wp) :: cosmo_ref = 10.0_wp !< height of first vertical grid level in mesoscale model, used for calculation of scaling parameters
270	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
271	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 5.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
272	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor !< mass flux correction factor
273	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
274	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
275	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
276	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
277	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
278
279
280	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
281	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
282	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
283	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
284	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
285	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
286
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
296
297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
318
319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
321
322	!
323	!-- PALM interfaces:
324	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
325	INTERFACE stg_adjust
326	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
327	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
328	!
329	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
330	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
331	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
332	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
333
334	!
335	!-- Calculate filter functions
336	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
337	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
338	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
339
340	!
341	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
342	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
343	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
344	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
345	!
346	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
347	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
348	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
349	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
350
351	!
352	!-- Output of information to the header file
353	INTERFACE stg_header
354	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
355	END INTERFACE stg_header
356
357	!
358	!-- Initialization actions
359	INTERFACE stg_init
360	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
361	END INTERFACE stg_init
362
363	!
364	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
365	INTERFACE stg_main
366	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
367	END INTERFACE stg_main
368
369	!
370	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
371	INTERFACE stg_parin
372	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
373	END INTERFACE stg_parin
374
375	!
376	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
377	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
378	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global
379	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
380
381	!
382	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
383	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
384	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
385	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
386
387	SAVE
388
389	PRIVATE
390
391	!
392	!-- Public interfaces
393	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
394	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
395
396	!
397	!-- Public variables
398	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
399	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
400	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
401
402
403	CONTAINS
404
405
406	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
407	! Description:
408	! ------------
409	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
410	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
411	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
412
413
414	USE control_parameters, &
415	ONLY: bc_lr, bc_ns, child_domain, nesting_offline, rans_mode, &
416	turbulent_inflow
417
418	USE pmc_interface, &
419	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
420
421
422	IMPLICIT NONE
423
424	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
425	nesting_offline ) THEN
426	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
427	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates ' // &
428	'in LES mode.'
429	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
430	ENDIF
431
432	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
433	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
434	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
435	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
436	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
437	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
438	ENDIF
439
440	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
441
442	IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
443	.NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
444	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
445	'is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.'
446	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
447
448	ENDIF
449
450	IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. &
451	rans_mode_parent ) THEN
452	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
453	'is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.'
454	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
455
456	ENDIF
457
458	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
459
460	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
461	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
462	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
463	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
464	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
465	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
466	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
467	ENDIF
468
469	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
470	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
471	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
472	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
473	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
474	ENDIF
475	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
476	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
477	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
478	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
479	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
480	ENDIF
481
482	ENDIF
483
484	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
485	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
486	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
487	'is not allowed'
488	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
489	ENDIF
490
491	ENDIF
492
493	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
494
495
496	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
497	! Description:
498	! ------------
499	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
500	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
501	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
502
503
504	IMPLICIT NONE
505
506	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
507
508	!
509	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
510	WRITE( io, 1 )
511	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
512	WRITE( io, 2 )
513	ELSE
514	WRITE( io, 3 )
515	ENDIF
516
517	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
518	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
519	ELSE
520	WRITE( io, 5 )
521	ENDIF
522
523	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
524	' ------------------------------------------'/)
525	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
526	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
527	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
528	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
529
530	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
531
532
533	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
534	! Description:
535	! ------------
536	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
537	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
538	SUBROUTINE stg_init
539
540
541	USE arrays_3d, &
542	ONLY: ddzw, u_init, v_init
543
544	USE control_parameters, &
545	ONLY: child_domain, coupling_char, e_init, nesting_offline, rans_mode
546
547	USE grid_variables, &
548	ONLY: ddy
549
550	USE indices, &
551	ONLY: nz
552
553	USE pmc_interface, &
554	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
555
556
557	IMPLICIT NONE
558
559	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
560
561	#if defined( __parallel )
562	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
563	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
564	#endif
565
566	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
567	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
568	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
569	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
570	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
571	INTEGER(iwp) :: nseed !< dimension of random number seed
572	INTEGER(iwp) :: startseed = 1234567890 !< start seed for random number generator
573
574	!
575	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
576	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
577	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
578	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
579	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
580	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
581	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
582	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
583	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
584	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
585	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
586	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
587	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
588
589
590	#if defined( __parallel )
591	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
592	#endif
593
594	#if defined( __parallel )
595	!
596	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
597	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
598	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
599	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
600
601	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
602	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
603
604	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
605	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
606	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
607	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
608	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
609
610	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
611	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
612	ENDIF
613
614	!
615	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
616	!-- velocity seeds
617	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
618	extent = 1 * realsize
619	!
620	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
621	!-- layer
622	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
623	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
624	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
625	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
626	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
627	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
628
629	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
630	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
631	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
632	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
633	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
634	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
635
636	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
637	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
638
639	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
640	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
641
642	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
643	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
644	ENDDO
645	!
646	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
647	!-- layer
648	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
649	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
650	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
651	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
652	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
653	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
654	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
655	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
656
657	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
658	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
659	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
660	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
661	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
662	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
663
664	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
665	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
666
667	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
668	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
669
670	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
671	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
672	ENDDO
673
674	ENDIF
675
676	#endif
677	!
678	!-- Define seed of random number
679	CALL RANDOM_SEED()
680	CALL RANDOM_SEED( size=nseed )
681	ALLOCATE( seed(1:nseed) )
682	DO j = 1, nseed
683	seed(j) = startseed + j
684	ENDDO
685	CALL RANDOM_SEED(put=seed)
686	!
687	!-- Allocate required arrays
688	!-- mean_inflow profiles must not be allocated in offline nesting
689	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
690	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) &
691	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
692	ENDIF
693
694	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
695	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
696	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
697	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
698	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
699	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
700	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
701	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
702
703	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg,3) )
704	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,3) )
705	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
706	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
707	!
708	!-- Read inflow profile
709	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
710	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
711	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
712	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
713	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
714	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
715
716	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
717
718	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
719	FORM='FORMATTED')
720	!
721	!-- Skip header
722	READ( 90, * )
723
724	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
725	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
726	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
727	d1, d2, d3, d5
728
729	!
730	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
731	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
732	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
733	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
734	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
735	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
736	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
737	!
738	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
739	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
740	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
741	nux(k) = nuy(k)
742	!
743	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
744	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
745	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
746	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
747	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
748	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
749	ENDIF
750	ENDDO
751	!
752	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
753	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
754	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
755	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
756	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
757	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
758	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
759
760	CLOSE( 90 )
761	!
762	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
763	!-- (Lund rotation)
764	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
765	!
766	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
767	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
768	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
769	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
770	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
771	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
772	ELSE
773	!
774	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
775	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
776	!
777	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
778	!-- scales
779	CALL calc_scaling_variables
780	!
781	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
782	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
783	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
784	!
785	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
786	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
787	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
788	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
789	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
790	!
791	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
792	!-- (Lund rotation)
793	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
794
795	ENDIF
796
797	!
798	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
799	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
800	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
801	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
802	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
803	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
804	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
805	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
806	ENDIF
807
808	!
809	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
810	merg = 0
811
812	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
813	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
814	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
815	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
816	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
817	IF ( j > merg ) merg = j
818	ENDDO
819
820	merg = 2 * merg
821	mergp = merg + nbgp
822
823	ALLOCATE ( bux(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
824	buy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
825	buz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
826	bvx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
827	bvy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
828	bvz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
829	bwx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
830	bwy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
831	bwz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) )
832
833	!
834	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
835	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
836	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
837	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
838
839	!
840	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
841	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
842	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
843	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
844
845	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
846	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
847	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
848	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
849	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
850	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
851
852	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
853	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
854	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
855	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
856	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
857	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
858
859	!
860	!-- Create filter functions
861	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
862	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
863	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
864	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
865	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
866	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
867	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
868	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
869	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
870
871	#if defined( __parallel )
872	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
873	#endif
874
875	!
876	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
877	! time step.
878	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
879	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
880	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
881	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
882
883	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
884	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
885
886	DO j = nysg, nyng
887	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
888
889	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
890	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
891	ELSE
892	fu_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
893	ENDIF
894
895	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
896	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
897	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
898	ELSE
899	fv_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
900	ENDIF
901
902	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
903	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
904	a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
905	ELSE
906	fw_yz = 0._wp
907	ENDIF
908
909	ENDDO
910	ENDDO
911	ENDIF
912
913	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
914
915	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = -1
916	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
917
918	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
919	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
920
921	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
922	fu_xz(k,i) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
923	ELSE
924	fu_xz(k,i) = 0._wp
925	ENDIF
926
927	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
928	fv_xz(k,i) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - &
929	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
930	ELSE
931	fv_xz(k,i) = 0._wp
932	ENDIF
933
934	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
935	fw_xz(k,i) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - &
936	a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ) / a33(k)
937	ELSE
938	fw_xz = 0._wp
939	ENDIF
940
941	ENDDO
942	ENDDO
943	ENDIF
944	ENDIF
945
946	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
947
948
949	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
950	! Description:
951	! ------------
952	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
953	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
954	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
955	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
956
957
958	IMPLICIT NONE
959
960	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
961	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
962	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k2 !< n_k * 2
963	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
964
965	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
966	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
967
968	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:) :: nxx(nzb:nzt+1) !< length scale (in gp)
969
970	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) :: bxx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) !< filter function
971
972
973	bxx = 0.0_wp
974
975	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
976	bdenom = 0.0_wp
977	n_k = nxx(k)
978	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
979	n_k2 = n_k * 2
980
981	!
982	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
983	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
984	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
985	ENDDO
986
987	!
988	!-- ( Eq.9 )
989	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
990	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
991	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
992	ENDDO
993	ENDIF
994	ENDDO
995
996	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
997
998
999	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1000	! Description:
1001	! ------------
1002	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
1003	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1004	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
1005
1006
1007	IMPLICIT NONE
1008
1009	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
1010
1011
1012	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, dt_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
1013
1014	line = ' '
1015
1016	!
1017	!-- Try to find stg package
1018	REWIND ( 11 )
1019	line = ' '
1020	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
1021	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
1022	ENDDO
1023	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1024
1025	!
1026	!-- Read namelist
1027	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
1028
1029	!
1030	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
1031	!-- on
1032	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
1033	GOTO 20
1034
1035	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1036	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1037	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
1038
1039	20 CONTINUE
1040
1041	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
1042
1043
1044	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1045	! Description:
1046	! ------------
1047	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
1048	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1049	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global( found )
1050
1051
1052	USE control_parameters, &
1053	ONLY: length, restart_string
1054
1055
1056	IMPLICIT NONE
1057
1058	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
1059
1060
1061	found = .TRUE.
1062
1063
1064	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
1065
1066	CASE ( 'mc_factor' )
1067	READ ( 13 ) mc_factor
1068	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1069	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1070
1071	CASE DEFAULT
1072
1073	found = .FALSE.
1074
1075	END SELECT
1076
1077
1078	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global
1079
1080
1081	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1082	! Description:
1083	! ------------
1084	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
1085	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1086	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1087
1088
1089	IMPLICIT NONE
1090
1091	CALL wrd_write_string( 'mc_factor' )
1092	WRITE ( 14 ) mc_factor
1093
1094	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1095	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1096
1097
1098	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1099
1100
1101	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1102	! Description:
1103	! ------------
1104	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
1105	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
1106	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
1107	!> (Lund, 1998).
1108	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1109	SUBROUTINE stg_main
1110
1111
1112	USE arrays_3d, &
1113	ONLY: dzw
1114
1115	USE control_parameters, &
1116	ONLY: child_domain, dt_3d, &
1117	nesting_offline, rans_mode, time_since_reference_point, &
1118	volume_flow_initial
1119
1120	USE grid_variables, &
1121	ONLY: dx, dy
1122
1123	USE indices, &
1124	ONLY: wall_flags_0
1125
1126	USE pmc_interface, &
1127	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
1128
1129
1130	IMPLICIT NONE
1131
1132	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
1133	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1134	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1135
1136	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
1137	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
1138	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow !< mass flux through lateral boundary
1139	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow_l !< local mass flux through lateral boundary
1140
1141	!
1142	!-- Debug location message
1143	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
1144	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_main'
1145	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'start' )
1146	ENDIF
1147	!
1148	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
1149	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call )
1150	!
1151	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
1152	IF ( time_since_reference_point == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
1153	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
1154	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
1155	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
1156
1157	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1158	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1159	!
1160	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1161	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_right )
1162	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_right )
1163	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_right )
1164	!
1165	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1166	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_north )
1167	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_north )
1168	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_north )
1169	!
1170	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1171	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south )
1172	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south )
1173	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south )
1174	ENDIF
1175	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
1176	ENDIF
1177
1178	!
1179	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw
1180	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
1181	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
1182	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
1183
1184	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1185	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1186	!
1187	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1188	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_right )
1189	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_right )
1190	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_right )
1191	!
1192	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1193	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_north )
1194	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_north )
1195	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_north )
1196	!
1197	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1198	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south )
1199	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south )
1200	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south )
1201	ENDIF
1202
1203	!
1204	!-- Turbulence generation at left and or right boundary
1205	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1206
1207	DO j = nysg, nyng
1208	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1209	!
1210	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1211	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1212	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
1213	ELSE
1214	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1215	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1216	ENDIF
1217
1218	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1219	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
1220	ELSE
1221	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1222	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1223	ENDIF
1224
1225	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1226	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
1227	ELSE
1228	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1229	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1230	ENDIF
1231	!
1232	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1233	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1234	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1235	dist_yz(k,j,1) = 0.0_wp
1236	dist_yz(k,j,2) = 0.0_wp
1237	dist_yz(k,j,3) = 0.0_wp
1238	ELSE
1239	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp )
1240	!experimental test of 1.2
1241	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1242	* 1.2_wp ) &
1243	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1244	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1245	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1246	* 1.3_wp ) &
1247	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1248	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
1249	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1250	ENDIF
1251
1252	ENDDO
1253	ENDDO
1254
1255	!
1256	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1257	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1258	!-- inflow boundary
1259	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
1260	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1261	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1262	DO j = nys, nyn
1263	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1264	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + dzw(k) * &
1265	( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) )
1266	ENDDO
1267	ENDDO
1268
1269	#if defined( __parallel )
1270	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
1271	comm1dy, ierr )
1272	#else
1273	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1274	#endif
1275
1276	mc_factor = volume_flow_initial(1) / mc_factor
1277
1278	!
1279	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
1280	DO j = nysg, nyng
1281	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1282	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
1283	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * mc_factor
1284	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
1285	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * mc_factor
1286	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * mc_factor
1287	ENDDO
1288	ENDDO
1289
1290	ELSE
1291	!
1292	!-- First, calculate volume flow at yz boundary
1293	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
1294	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
1295
1296	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1297	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1298	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1299	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1300	DO j = nys, nyn
1301	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1302	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + u(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dy &
1303	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1304	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1305
1306	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( u(k,j,i) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1307	* dzw(k) * dy &
1308	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1309	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1310	ENDDO
1311	ENDDO
1312	#if defined( __parallel )
1313	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1314	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1315	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1316	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1317	#else
1318	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1319	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1320	#endif
1321
1322	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1323
1324	!
1325	!-- Add disturbances
1326	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
1327	DO j = nys, nyn
1328	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1329	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1330	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1331	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
1332	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
1333	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1334	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1335	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
1336	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1337	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1338	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
1339	ENDDO
1340	ENDDO
1341	ENDIF
1342	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1343	DO j = nys, nyn
1344	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1345	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1346	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1347	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
1348	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1349	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1350	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
1351	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1352	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1353	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
1354	ENDDO
1355	ENDDO
1356	ENDIF
1357	ENDIF
1358
1359	ENDIF
1360	!
1361	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
1362	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1363
1364	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1365	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1366	!
1367	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1368	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1369	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
1370	ELSE
1371	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1372	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1373	ENDIF
1374
1375	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1376	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
1377	ELSE
1378	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1379	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1380	ENDIF
1381
1382	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1383	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
1384	ELSE
1385	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1386	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1387	ENDIF
1388	!
1389	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1390	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1391	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1392	dist_xz(k,i,1) = 0.0_wp
1393	dist_xz(k,i,2) = 0.0_wp
1394	dist_xz(k,i,3) = 0.0_wp
1395
1396	ELSE
1397	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp )
1398	!experimental test of 1.2
1399	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1400	* 1.2_wp ) &
1401	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1402	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1403	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1404	* 1.3_wp ) &
1405	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1406	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
1407	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1408	ENDIF
1409
1410	ENDDO
1411	ENDDO
1412
1413	!
1414	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1415	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1416	!-- inflow boundary.
1417	!-- First, calculate volume flow at xz boundary
1418	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
1419	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
1420
1421	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1422	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1423	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1424	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1425	DO i = nxl, nxr
1426	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1427	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + v(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dx &
1428	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1429	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1430
1431	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( v(k,j,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1432	* dzw(k) * dx &
1433	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1434	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1435	ENDDO
1436	ENDDO
1437	#if defined( __parallel )
1438	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1439	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1440	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1441	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1442	#else
1443	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1444	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1445	#endif
1446
1447	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1448
1449	!
1450	!-- Add disturbances
1451	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1452
1453	DO i = nxl, nxr
1454	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1455	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1456	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1457	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
1458	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1459	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1460	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
1461	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
1462	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1463	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1464	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
1465	ENDDO
1466	ENDDO
1467	ENDIF
1468	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
1469
1470	DO i = nxl, nxr
1471	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1472	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1473	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1474	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
1475	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1476	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1477	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
1478	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1479	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1480	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
1481	ENDDO
1482	ENDDO
1483	ENDIF
1484	ENDIF
1485	!
1486	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
1487	time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
1488	!
1489	!-- Debug location message
1490	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
1491	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_main'
1492	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'end' )
1493	ENDIF
1494
1495	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
1496
1497	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1498	! Description:
1499	! ------------
1500	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1501	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1502	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
1503	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1504	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1505	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1506	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id )
1507
1508
1509	USE indices, &
1510	ONLY: ny
1511
1512	IMPLICIT NONE
1513
1514	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1515	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1516	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
1517	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1518	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1519	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1520
1521	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
1522	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1523	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y2 !< n_y*2
1524	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1525
1526	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
1527	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1528	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1529
1530	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
1531	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1532	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1533	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1534	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1535
1536
1537	!
1538	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1539	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1540	!-- unit variance.
1541	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:ny+mergp) )
1542
1543	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1544	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1545	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( ny+1 ), KIND=wp )
1546
1547	DO j = 0, ny
1548	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1549	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,j) )
1550	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
1551	ENDDO
1552	ENDDO
1553
1554	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
1555
1556	DO j = 0, ny
1557	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1558	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) - rand_av
1559	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j) ** 2
1560	ENDDO
1561	ENDDO
1562
1563	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv)
1564
1565	DO j = 0, ny
1566	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1567	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) * rand_sigma_inv
1568	ENDDO
1569	ENDDO
1570
1571	!
1572	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1573	DO j = 0, ny
1574	DO k = 1, mergp
1575	rand_it(nzb -k,j) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,j) ! bottom margin
1576	rand_it(nzt+1+k,j) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,j) ! top margin
1577	ENDDO
1578	ENDDO
1579	DO j = 1, mergp
1580	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1581	rand_it(k, -j) = rand_it(k,ny-j+1) ! south margin
1582	rand_it(k,ny+j) = rand_it(k, j-1) ! north margin
1583	ENDDO
1584	ENDDO
1585
1586	!
1587	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1588	n_y2 = n_y * 2
1589	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1590	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1591
1592	DO j = nysg, nyng
1593	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
1594	DO jj = -n_y2(k), n_y2(k)
1595	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1596	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) &
1597	+ b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
1598	ENDDO
1599	ENDDO
1600	ENDDO
1601	ENDDO
1602
1603	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1604	!
1605	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1606	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
1607	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1608
1609	#if defined( __parallel )
1610	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nysg), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
1611	f_n(nzb+1,nysg), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, &
1612	id, comm1dx, ierr )
1613	#else
1614	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng)
1615	#endif
1616
1617
1618	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1624	! Description:
1625	! ------------
1626	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1627	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1628	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
1629	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1630	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1631	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1632	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id )
1633
1634
1635	USE indices, &
1636	ONLY: nx
1637
1638
1639	IMPLICIT NONE
1640
1641	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1642	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
1643	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
1644	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1645	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1646	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1647
1648	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
1649	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1650	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x2 !< n_x*2
1651	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1652
1653	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
1654	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1655	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1656
1657	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
1658	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1659	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1660	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1661	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1662
1663
1664	!
1665	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1666	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1667	!-- unit variance.
1668	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:nx+mergp) )
1669
1670	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1671	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1672	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( nx+1 ), KIND=wp )
1673
1674	DO i = 0, nx
1675	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1676	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,i) )
1677	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
1678	ENDDO
1679	ENDDO
1680
1681	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
1682
1683	DO i = 0, nx
1684	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1685	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) - rand_av
1686	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i) ** 2
1687	ENDDO
1688	ENDDO
1689
1690	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv)
1691
1692	DO i = 0, nx
1693	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1694	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) * rand_sigma_inv
1695	ENDDO
1696	ENDDO
1697
1698	!
1699	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1700	DO i = 0, nx
1701	DO k = 1, mergp
1702	rand_it(nzb-k,i) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,i) ! bottom margin
1703	rand_it(nzt+1+k,i) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,i) ! top margin
1704	ENDDO
1705	ENDDO
1706	DO i = 1, mergp
1707	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1708	rand_it(k,-i) = rand_it(k,nx-i+1) ! left margin
1709	rand_it(k,nx+i) = rand_it(k,i-1) ! right margin
1710	ENDDO
1711	ENDDO
1712
1713	!
1714	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1715	n_x2 = n_x * 2
1716	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1717	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1718
1719	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1720	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
1721	DO ii = -n_x2(k), n_x2(k)
1722	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1723	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) &
1724	+ b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
1725	ENDDO
1726	ENDDO
1727	ENDDO
1728	ENDDO
1729
1730	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1731
1732	!
1733	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1734	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
1735	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1736
1737
1738	#if defined( __parallel )
1739	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxlg), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
1740	f_n(nzb+1,nxlg), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
1741	id, comm1dy, ierr )
1742	#else
1743	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg)
1744	#endif
1745
1746
1747	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
1748
1749	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1750	! Description:
1751	! ------------
1752	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
1753	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
1754	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
1755	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
1756	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1757	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1758
1759	USE arrays_3d, &
1760	ONLY: zu
1761
1762	IMPLICIT NONE
1763
1764	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1765
1766	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
1767
1768	!
1769	!--
1770	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1771
1772	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1773	!
1774	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
1775	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
1776	!
1777	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
1778	!-- to the denominator, else the merge-function can crash if scale_l is
1779	!-- zero.
1780	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
1781	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ( &
1782	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
1783	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
1784	0.0_wp, &
1785	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
1786	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
1787	)
1788
1789	r22(k) = r11(k)
1790	!
1791	!-- w'w'
1792	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
1793	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
1794	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
1795	)
1796	!
1797	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
1798	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( &
1799	1.0_wp - EXP( 3.0_wp * ( zzi - 1.0_wp ) ) &
1800	)
1801
1802	r32(k) = r31(k)
1803	!
1804	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
1805	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
1806	r21(k) = r31(k)
1807	!
1808	!-- Above the boundary layer, assmume laminar flow conditions.
1809	ELSE
1810	r11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1811	r22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1812	r33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1813	r21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1814	r31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1815	r32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1816	ENDIF
1817	ENDDO
1818
1819	!
1820	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1821	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1822	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
1823	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
1824
1825	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1826	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
1827	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
1828
1829
1830	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1831
1832	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1833	! Description:
1834	! ------------
1835	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
1836	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1837	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1838
1839	IMPLICIT NONE
1840
1841	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1842
1843	!
1844	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
1845	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1846	IF ( r11(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1847	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
1848	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
1849	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
1850	ELSE
1851	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1852	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1853	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1854	ENDIF
1855	ENDDO
1856	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1857	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
1858	IF ( a22(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1859	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
1860	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
1861	ELSE
1862	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1863	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1864	ENDIF
1865	ENDDO
1866	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1867	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
1868	IF ( a33(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1869	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
1870	ELSE
1871	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1872	ENDIF
1873	ENDDO
1874	!
1875	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1876	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
1877	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
1878	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
1879	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
1880	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
1881	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
1882
1883	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1884
1885	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1886	! Description:
1887	! ------------
1888	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
1889	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
1890	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1891	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1892
1893	IMPLICIT NONE
1894
1895	!
1896	!-- Debug location message
1897	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
1898	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_adjust'
1899	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'start' )
1900	ENDIF
1901	!
1902	!-- Compute mean boundary layer height according to Richardson-Bulk
1903	!-- criterion using the inflow profiles. Further velocity scale as well as
1904	!-- mean friction velocity are calculated.
1905	CALL calc_scaling_variables
1906	!
1907	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
1908	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
1909	!
1910	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
1911	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
1912	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
1913	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
1914	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
1915	!
1916	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
1917	!-- (Lund rotation)
1918	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
1919	!
1920	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
1921	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
1922	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
1923	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
1924	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
1925	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
1926	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
1927	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
1928	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
1929	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
1930	!
1931	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
1932	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
1933	!
1934	!-- Debug location message
1935	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
1936	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_adjust'
1937	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'end' )
1938	ENDIF
1939
1940	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1941
1942
1943	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1944	! Description:
1945	! ------------
1946	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
1947	!> from measurements.
1948	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1949	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
1950
1951	USE arrays_3d, &
1952	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init
1953
1954	USE grid_variables, &
1955	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
1956
1957	IMPLICIT NONE
1958
1959
1960	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1961
1962	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< typical length scale
1963
1964	!
1965	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
1966	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
1967	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
1968	!
1969	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
1970	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
1971	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
1972	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
1973	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
1974	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
1975	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
1976	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
1977	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
1978	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1979
1980	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, dzw(k) )
1981
1982	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1983	!
1984	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
1985	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1986	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1987	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1988	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1989	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1990	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1991	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1992	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1993	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1994	!
1995	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
1996	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
1997	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
1998	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
1999	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
2000	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
2001	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
2002	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
2003	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
2004	!
2005	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
2006	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 )
2007	!
2008	!-- Above the boundary layer length scales are zero, i.e. imposed turbulence
2009	!-- is not correlated in space and time, just white noise. This saves
2010	!-- computations power.
2011	ELSE
2012	nux(k) = 0.0_wp
2013	nuy(k) = 0.0_wp
2014	nuz(k) = 0.0_wp
2015	nvx(k) = 0.0_wp
2016	nvy(k) = 0.0_wp
2017	nvz(k) = 0.0_wp
2018	nwx(k) = 0.0_wp
2019	nwy(k) = 0.0_wp
2020	nwz(k) = 0.0_wp
2021
2022	tu(k) = 0.0_wp
2023	tv(k) = 0.0_wp
2024	tw(k) = 0.0_wp
2025	ENDIF
2026	ENDDO
2027	!
2028	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
2029	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
2030	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
2031	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
2032	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
2033	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
2034	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
2035	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
2036	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
2037	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
2038
2039	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
2040	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
2041	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
2042
2043
2044	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
2045
2046	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2047	! Description:
2048	! ------------
2049	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
2050	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
2051	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
2052	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2053	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
2054
2055
2056	USE control_parameters, &
2057	ONLY: bc_dirichlet_l, bc_dirichlet_n, bc_dirichlet_r, bc_dirichlet_s, &
2058	pt_surface
2059
2060	USE indices, &
2061	ONLY: nx, ny
2062
2063	USE surface_mod, &
2064	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
2065
2066	IMPLICIT NONE
2067
2068	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
2069	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
2070	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
2071	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_ref !< index in z-direction for COSMO reference height
2072	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
2073	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
2074
2075	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
2076	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
2077	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
2078	REAL(wp) :: u_int !< u-component
2079	REAL(wp) :: v_int !< v-component
2080	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
2081	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean !< mean roughness length
2082	REAL(wp) :: z0_mean_l !< mean roughness length on subdomain
2083
2084	!
2085	!-- Mean friction velocity and velocity scale. Therefore,
2086	!-- pre-calculate mean roughness length and surface sensible heat flux
2087	!-- in the model domain, which are further used to estimate friction
2088	!-- velocity and velocity scale. Note, for z0 linear averaging is applied,
2089	!-- even though this is known to unestimate the effective roughness.
2090	!-- This need to be revised later.
2091	z0_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2092	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2093	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
2094	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%z0(m)
2095	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m)
2096	ENDDO
2097	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2098	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%z0(m)
2099	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m)
2100	ENDDO
2101	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
2102	z0_mean_l = z0_mean_l + surf_usm_h%z0(m)
2103	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m)
2104	ENDDO
2105
2106	#if defined( __parallel )
2107	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( z0_mean_l, z0_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2108	comm2d, ierr )
2109	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2110	comm2d, ierr )
2111	#else
2112	z0_mean = z0_mean_l
2113	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
2114	#endif
2115	z0_mean = z0_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2116	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2117
2118	!
2119	!-- Note, Inifor does not use logarithmic interpolation of the
2120	!-- velocity components near the ground, so that near-surface
2121	!-- wind speed and thus the friction velocity is overestimated.
2122	!-- However, friction velocity is used for turbulence
2123	!-- parametrization, so that more physically meaningful values are important.
2124	!-- Hence, derive friction velocity from wind speed at a reference height,
2125	!-- which is 10 m, according to the height of the 1st vertical grid level
2126	!-- in the COSMO level. However, in case of topography that is higher than
2127	!-- the reference level, the k index is determined from the 1st vertical
2128	!-- PALM grid level instead.
2129	!-- For a first guess use 20 m, which is in the range of the first
2130	!-- COSMO vertical level.
2131	k_ref = MINLOC( ABS( zu - cosmo_ref ), DIM = 1 ) - 1
2132
2133	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
2134	IF ( bc_dirichlet_l .OR. bc_dirichlet_r ) THEN
2135
2136	i = MERGE( -1, nxr + 1, bc_dirichlet_l )
2137
2138	DO j = nys, nyn
2139	!
2140	!-- Determine the k index and topography top index
2141	k_topo = MAX( get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' ), &
2142	get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' ) )
2143	k = MAX( k_ref, k_topo + 1 )
2144	!
2145	!-- Note, in u- and v- component the imposed perturbations
2146	!-- from the STG are already included. Check whether this
2147	!-- makes any difference compared to using the pure-mean
2148	!-- inflow profiles.
2149	u_int = MERGE( u(k,j,i+1), u(k,j,i), bc_dirichlet_l )
2150	v_int = v(k,j,i)
2151	!
2152	!-- Calculate friction velocity and sum-up. Therefore, assume
2153	!-- neutral condtions.
2154	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
2155	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
2156	LOG( ( zu(k) - zu(k_topo) ) / z0_mean )
2157
2158	ENDDO
2159
2160	ENDIF
2161
2162	IF ( bc_dirichlet_s .OR. bc_dirichlet_n ) THEN
2163
2164	j = MERGE( -1, nyn + 1, bc_dirichlet_s )
2165
2166	DO i = nxl, nxr
2167
2168	k_topo = MAX( get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' ), &
2169	get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' ) )
2170	k = MAX( k_ref, k_topo + 1 )
2171
2172	u_int = u(k,j,i)
2173	v_int = MERGE( v(k,j+1,i), v(k,j,i), bc_dirichlet_s )
2174
2175	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + kappa * &
2176	SQRT( u_int * u_int + v_int * v_int ) / &
2177	LOG( ( zu(k) - zu(k_topo) ) / z0_mean )
2178
2179	ENDDO
2180
2181	ENDIF
2182
2183	#if defined( __parallel )
2184	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2185	comm2d, ierr )
2186	#else
2187	scale_us = friction_vel_l
2188	#endif
2189	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( 2 * nx + 2 * ny, KIND = wp )
2190
2191	!
2192	!-- Compute mean Obukhov length
2193	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2194	scale_l = - pt_surface / ( kappa * g ) * scale_us**3 / shf_mean
2195	ELSE
2196	scale_l = 0.0_wp
2197	ENDIF
2198
2199	!
2200	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
2201	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
2202	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2203	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surface )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2204	ELSE
2205	w_convective = 0.0_wp
2206	ENDIF
2207	!
2208	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
2209	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
2210	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
2211	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2212
2213	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
2214
2215	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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