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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 3937

Last change on this file since 3937 was 3937, checked in by suehring, 5 years ago
Move initialization of STG behind initialization of offline nesting; Bugfix in STG in case of very early restart; calculation of scaling parameters used for parametrization of synthetic turbulence profiles improved; in offline nesting, set boundary value at upper-left and upper-south grid points for u- and v-component, respectively
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1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2017-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 3937 2019-04-29 15:09:07Z suehring $
27	! Minor bugfix in case of a very early restart where mc_factor is sill not
28	! present.
29	! Some modification and fixing of potential bugs in the calculation of scaling
30	! parameters used for synthetic turbulence parametrization.
31	!
32	! 3909 2019-04-17 09:13:25Z suehring
33	! Minor bugfix for last commit
34	!
35	! 3900 2019-04-16 15:17:43Z suehring
36	! Missing re-calculation of perturbation seeds in case of restarts
37	!
38	! 3891 2019-04-12 17:52:01Z suehring
39	! Bugfix in initialization in case of restart runs.
40	!
41	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
42	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
43	! of additional debug messages
44	!
45	!
46	! removed unused variables
47	!
48	! 3719 2019-02-06 13:10:18Z kanani
49	! Removed log_point measurement from stg_init, since this part is counted to
50	! log_point(2) 'initialisation' already. Moved other log_points to calls of
51	! the subroutines in time_integration for better overview.
52	!
53	! 3646 2018-12-28 17:58:49Z kanani
54	! Bugfix: use time_since_reference_point instead of simulated_time (relevant
55	! when using wall/soil spinup)
56	!
57	! 3579 2018-11-29 15:32:39Z suehring
58	! - Bugfix in calculation of turbulence scaling parameters for turbulence
59	! generator in case of topography
60	! - Additional checks implemented - no STG in RANS-RANS nesting or LES-LES
61	! nesting
62	!
63	! 3376 2018-10-19 10:15:32Z suehring
64	! Error messages and numbers reivsed.
65	!
66	! 3349 2018-10-15 16:39:41Z suehring
67	! Fix for format descriptor
68	!
69	! 3348 2018-10-15 14:30:51Z suehring
70	! - Revise structure of init routine
71	! - introduce new parameters to skip STG for some timesteps
72	! - introduce time-dependent parametrization of Reynolds-stress tensor
73	! - Bugfix in allocation of mean_inflow_profiles
74	!
75	! 3341 2018-10-15 10:31:27Z suehring
76	! Introduce module parameter for number of inflow profiles
77	!
78	! 3288 2018-09-28 10:23:08Z suehring
79	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
80	!
81	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
82	! Minor formating changes
83	!
84	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
85	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
86	!
87	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
88	! unused variables removed
89	!
90	! 3186 2018-07-30 17:07:14Z suehring
91	! Mask topography while imposing inflow perturbations at the boundaries; do not
92	! impose perturbations at top boundary as well as ghost points
93	!
94	! 3183 2018-07-27 14:25:55Z suehring
95	! Rename variables and extend error message
96	! Enable geneartor also for stretched grids
97	!
98	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
99	! Error message related to vertical stretching has been added, dz was replaced
100	! by dz(1)
101	!
102	! 3051 2018-05-30 17:43:55Z suehring
103	! Bugfix in calculation of initial Reynolds-stress tensor.
104	!
105	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
106	! Error messages revised
107	!
108	! 3044 2018-05-25 10:59:41Z gronemeier
109	! Add missing variable descriptions
110	!
111	! 3038 2018-05-24 10:54:00Z gronemeier
112	! updated variable descriptions
113	!
114	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
115	! bugfix: missing parallel cpp-directives added
116	!
117	! 2946 2018-04-04 17:01:23Z suehring
118	! Remove unused module load
119	!
120	! 2945 2018-04-04 16:27:14Z suehring
121	! - Bugfix in parallelization of synthetic turbulence generator in case the
122	! z-dimension is not an integral divisor of the number of processors along
123	! the x- and y-dimension
124	! - Revision in control mimic in case of RAN-LES nesting
125	!
126	! 2938 2018-03-27 15:52:42Z suehring
127	! Apply turbulence generator at all non-cyclic lateral boundaries in case of
128	! realistic Inifor large-scale forcing or RANS-LES nesting
129	!
130	! 2936 2018-03-27 14:49:27Z suehring
131	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was found,
132	! reading of restart strings has been moved completely to read_restart_data_mod,
133	! redundant skipping function has been removed, stg_read/write_restart_data
134	! have been renamed to stg_r/wrd_global, stg_rrd_global is called in
135	! read_restart_data_mod now, flag syn_turb_gen_prerun and marker *** end stg
136	! *** have been removed (Giersch), strings and their respective lengths are
137	! written out and read now in case of restart runs to get rid of prescribed
138	! character lengths (Giersch), CASE DEFAULT was added if restart data is read
139	!
140	! 2841 2018-02-27 15:02:57Z suehring
141	! Bugfix: wrong placement of include 'mpif.h' corrected
142	!
143	! 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z Giersch
144	! The variables synthetic_turbulence_generator and
145	! use_synthetic_turbulence_generator have been abbreviated + syn_turb_gen_prerun
146	! flag is used to define if module related parameters were outputted as restart
147	! data
148	!
149	! 2716 2017-12-29 16:35:59Z kanani
150	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
151	!
152	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
153	! Change in file header (GPL part)
154	!
155	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
156	! unit number for file containing turbulence generator data changed to 90
157	! bugfix: preprocessor directives added for MPI specific code
158	!
159	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
160	! Definition of a new function called stg_skip_global to skip module
161	! parameters during reading restart data
162	!
163	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
164	! stg_read_restart_data is called in stg_parin in the case of a restart run
165	!
166	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
167	! Initial revision
168	!
169	!
170	!
171	! Authors:
172	! --------
173	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
174	!
175	!
176	!
177	! Description:
178	! ------------
179	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
180	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
181	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
182	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
183	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
184	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
185	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
186	!> within the boundary layer.
187	!>
188	!> @todo test restart
189	!> enable cyclic_fill
190	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
191	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
192	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
193	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
194	!> must match with current PALM grid.
195	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
196	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
197	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
198	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
199
200
201	USE arrays_3d, &
202	ONLY: mean_inflow_profiles, q, pt, u, v, w, zu, zw
203
204	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
205	ONLY: g, kappa, pi
206
207	USE control_parameters, &
208	ONLY: debug_output, &
209	debug_string, &
210	initializing_actions, &
211	message_string, &
212	num_mean_inflow_profiles, &
213	syn_turb_gen
214
215	USE indices, &
216	ONLY: nbgp, nzb, nzt, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nys, nyn, nyng, nysg
217
218	USE kinds
219
220	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
221	USE MPI
222	#endif
223
224	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
225	ONLY: zi_ribulk
226
227	USE pegrid, &
228	ONLY: comm1dx, comm1dy, comm2d, ierr, myidx, myidy, pdims
229
230	USE transpose_indices, &
231	ONLY: nzb_x, nzt_x
232
233
234	IMPLICIT NONE
235
236	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
237	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
238	#endif
239
240
241	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
242	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
243	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
244
245	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
246	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
247	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
248	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
249	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
250	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
251	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
252	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
253	INTEGER(iwp) :: merg !< maximum length scale (in gp)
254	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< merg + nbgp
255	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
256	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
257	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
258	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
259
260	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
261	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
262	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
263	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
264	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
265	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
266	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
267	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
268	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
269	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
270	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
271	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
272	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
273	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed !< seed of random number for rn-generator
274
275	REAL(wp) :: cosmo_ref = 10.0_wp !< height of first vertical grid level in mesoscale model, used for calculation of scaling parameters
276	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
277	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 5.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
278	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor = 1.0_wp !< mass flux correction factor
279	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
280	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
281	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
282	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
283	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
284
285
286	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
287	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
288	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
289	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
290	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
291	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
292
293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
302
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
324
325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
327
328	!
329	!-- PALM interfaces:
330	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
331	INTERFACE stg_adjust
332	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
333	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
334	!
335	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
336	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
337	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
338	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
339
340	!
341	!-- Calculate filter functions
342	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
343	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
344	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
345
346	!
347	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
348	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
349	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
350	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
351	!
352	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
353	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
354	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
355	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
356
357	!
358	!-- Output of information to the header file
359	INTERFACE stg_header
360	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
361	END INTERFACE stg_header
362
363	!
364	!-- Initialization actions
365	INTERFACE stg_init
366	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
367	END INTERFACE stg_init
368
369	!
370	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
371	INTERFACE stg_main
372	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
373	END INTERFACE stg_main
374
375	!
376	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
377	INTERFACE stg_parin
378	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
379	END INTERFACE stg_parin
380
381	!
382	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
383	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
384	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global
385	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
386
387	!
388	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
389	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
390	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
391	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
392
393	SAVE
394
395	PRIVATE
396
397	!
398	!-- Public interfaces
399	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
400	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
401
402	!
403	!-- Public variables
404	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
405	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
406	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
407
408
409	CONTAINS
410
411
412	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
413	! Description:
414	! ------------
415	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
416	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
417	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
418
419
420	USE control_parameters, &
421	ONLY: bc_lr, bc_ns, child_domain, nesting_offline, rans_mode, &
422	turbulent_inflow
423
424	USE pmc_interface, &
425	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
426
427
428	IMPLICIT NONE
429
430	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
431	nesting_offline ) THEN
432	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
433	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates ' // &
434	'in LES mode.'
435	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
436	ENDIF
437
438	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
439	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
440	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
441	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
442	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
443	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
444	ENDIF
445
446	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
447
448	IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
449	.NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
450	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
451	'is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.'
452	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
453
454	ENDIF
455
456	IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. &
457	rans_mode_parent ) THEN
458	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
459	'is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.'
460	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
461
462	ENDIF
463
464	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
465
466	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
467	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
468	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
469	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
470	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
471	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
472	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
473	ENDIF
474
475	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
476	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
477	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
478	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
479	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
480	ENDIF
481	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
482	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
483	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
484	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
485	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
486	ENDIF
487
488	ENDIF
489
490	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
491	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
492	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
493	'is not allowed'
494	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
495	ENDIF
496
497	ENDIF
498
499	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
500
501
502	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
503	! Description:
504	! ------------
505	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
506	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
507	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
508
509
510	IMPLICIT NONE
511
512	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
513
514	!
515	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
516	WRITE( io, 1 )
517	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
518	WRITE( io, 2 )
519	ELSE
520	WRITE( io, 3 )
521	ENDIF
522
523	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
524	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
525	ELSE
526	WRITE( io, 5 )
527	ENDIF
528
529	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
530	' ------------------------------------------'/)
531	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
532	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
533	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
534	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
535
536	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
537
538
539	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
540	! Description:
541	! ------------
542	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
543	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
544	SUBROUTINE stg_init
545
546
547	USE arrays_3d, &
548	ONLY: ddzw, u_init, v_init
549
550	USE control_parameters, &
551	ONLY: child_domain, coupling_char, e_init, nesting_offline, rans_mode
552
553	USE grid_variables, &
554	ONLY: ddy
555
556	USE indices, &
557	ONLY: nz
558
559	USE pmc_interface, &
560	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
561
562
563	IMPLICIT NONE
564
565	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
566
567	#if defined( __parallel )
568	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
569	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
570	#endif
571
572	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
573	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
574	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
575	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
576	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
577	INTEGER(iwp) :: nseed !< dimension of random number seed
578	INTEGER(iwp) :: startseed = 1234567890 !< start seed for random number generator
579
580	!
581	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
582	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
583	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
584	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
585	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
586	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
587	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
588	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
589	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
590	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
591	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
592	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
593	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
594
595
596	#if defined( __parallel )
597	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
598	#endif
599
600	#if defined( __parallel )
601	!
602	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
603	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
604	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
605	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
606
607	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
608	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
609
610	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
611	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
612	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
613	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
614	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
615
616	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
617	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
618	ENDIF
619
620	!
621	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
622	!-- velocity seeds
623	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
624	extent = 1 * realsize
625	!
626	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
627	!-- layer
628	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
629	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
630	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
631	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
632	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
633	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
634
635	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
636	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
637	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
638	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
639	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
640	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
641
642	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
643	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
644
645	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
646	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
647
648	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
649	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
650	ENDDO
651	!
652	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
653	!-- layer
654	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
655	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
656	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
657	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
658	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
659	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
660	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
661	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
662
663	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
664	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
665	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
666	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
667	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
668	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
669
670	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
671	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
672
673	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
674	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
675
676	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
677	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
678	ENDDO
679
680	ENDIF
681
682	#endif
683	!
684	!-- Define seed of random number
685	CALL RANDOM_SEED()
686	CALL RANDOM_SEED( size=nseed )
687	ALLOCATE( seed(1:nseed) )
688	DO j = 1, nseed
689	seed(j) = startseed + j
690	ENDDO
691	CALL RANDOM_SEED(put=seed)
692	!
693	!-- Allocate required arrays
694	!-- mean_inflow profiles must not be allocated in offline nesting
695	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
696	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) &
697	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
698	ENDIF
699
700	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
701	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
702	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
703	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
704	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
705	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
706	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
707	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
708
709	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg,3) )
710	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,3) )
711	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
712	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
713	!
714	!-- Read inflow profile
715	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
716	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
717	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
718	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
719	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
720	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
721
722	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
723
724	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
725	FORM='FORMATTED')
726	!
727	!-- Skip header
728	READ( 90, * )
729
730	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
731	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
732	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
733	d1, d2, d3, d5
734
735	!
736	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
737	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
738	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
739	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
740	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
741	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
742	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
743	!
744	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
745	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
746	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
747	nux(k) = nuy(k)
748	!
749	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
750	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
751	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
752	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
753	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
754	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
755	ENDIF
756	ENDDO
757	!
758	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
759	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
760	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
761	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
762	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
763	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
764	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
765
766	CLOSE( 90 )
767	!
768	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
769	!-- (Lund rotation)
770	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
771	!
772	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
773	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
774	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
775	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
776	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
777	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
778	ELSE
779	!
780	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
781	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
782	!
783	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
784	!-- scales
785	CALL calc_scaling_variables
786	!
787	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
788	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
789	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
790	!
791	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
792	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
793	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
794	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
795	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
796	!
797	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
798	!-- (Lund rotation)
799	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
800
801	ENDIF
802
803	!
804	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
805	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
806	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
807	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
808	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
809	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
810	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
811	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
812	ENDIF
813
814	!
815	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
816	merg = 0
817
818	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
819	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
820	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
821	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
822	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
823	IF ( j > merg ) merg = j
824	ENDDO
825
826	merg = 2 * merg
827	mergp = merg + nbgp
828
829	ALLOCATE ( bux(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
830	buy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
831	buz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
832	bvx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
833	bvy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
834	bvz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
835	bwx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
836	bwy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
837	bwz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) )
838
839	!
840	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
841	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
842	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
843	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
844
845	!
846	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
847	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
848	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
849	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
850
851	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
852	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
853	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
854	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
855	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
856	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
857
858	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
859	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
860	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
861	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
862	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
863	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
864
865	!
866	!-- Create filter functions
867	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
868	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
869	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
870	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
871	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
872	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
873	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
874	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
875	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
876
877	#if defined( __parallel )
878	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
879	#endif
880
881	!
882	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
883	! time step.
884	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
885	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
886	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
887	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
888
889	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
890	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
891
892	DO j = nysg, nyng
893	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
894	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
895	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
896	ELSE
897	fu_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
898	ENDIF
899
900	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
901	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
902	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
903	ELSE
904	fv_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
905	ENDIF
906
907	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
908	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
909	a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
910	ELSE
911	fw_yz = 0._wp
912	ENDIF
913
914	ENDDO
915	ENDDO
916	ENDIF
917
918	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
919
920	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = -1
921	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
922
923	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
924	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
925
926	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
927	fu_xz(k,i) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
928	ELSE
929	fu_xz(k,i) = 0._wp
930	ENDIF
931
932	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
933	fv_xz(k,i) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - &
934	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
935	ELSE
936	fv_xz(k,i) = 0._wp
937	ENDIF
938
939	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
940	fw_xz(k,i) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - &
941	a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ) / a33(k)
942	ELSE
943	fw_xz = 0._wp
944	ENDIF
945
946	ENDDO
947	ENDDO
948	ENDIF
949	ENDIF
950
951	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
952
953
954	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
955	! Description:
956	! ------------
957	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
958	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
959	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
960	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
961
962
963	IMPLICIT NONE
964
965	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
966	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
967	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k2 !< n_k * 2
968	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
969
970	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
971	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
972
973	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:) :: nxx(nzb:nzt+1) !< length scale (in gp)
974
975	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) :: bxx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) !< filter function
976
977
978	bxx = 0.0_wp
979
980	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
981	bdenom = 0.0_wp
982	n_k = nxx(k)
983	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
984	n_k2 = n_k * 2
985
986	!
987	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
988	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
989	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
990	ENDDO
991
992	!
993	!-- ( Eq.9 )
994	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
995	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
996	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
997	ENDDO
998	ENDIF
999	ENDDO
1000
1001	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
1002
1003
1004	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1005	! Description:
1006	! ------------
1007	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
1008	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1009	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
1010
1011
1012	IMPLICIT NONE
1013
1014	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
1015
1016
1017	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, dt_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
1018
1019	line = ' '
1020
1021	!
1022	!-- Try to find stg package
1023	REWIND ( 11 )
1024	line = ' '
1025	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
1026	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
1027	ENDDO
1028	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1029
1030	!
1031	!-- Read namelist
1032	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
1033
1034	!
1035	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
1036	!-- on
1037	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
1038	GOTO 20
1039
1040	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1041	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1042	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
1043
1044	20 CONTINUE
1045
1046	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
1047
1048
1049	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1050	! Description:
1051	! ------------
1052	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
1053	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1054	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global( found )
1055
1056
1057	USE control_parameters, &
1058	ONLY: length, restart_string
1059
1060
1061	IMPLICIT NONE
1062
1063	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
1064
1065
1066	found = .TRUE.
1067
1068
1069	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
1070
1071	CASE ( 'mc_factor' )
1072	READ ( 13 ) mc_factor
1073	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1074	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1075
1076	CASE DEFAULT
1077
1078	found = .FALSE.
1079
1080	END SELECT
1081
1082
1083	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global
1084
1085
1086	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1087	! Description:
1088	! ------------
1089	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
1090	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1091	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1092
1093
1094	IMPLICIT NONE
1095
1096	CALL wrd_write_string( 'mc_factor' )
1097	WRITE ( 14 ) mc_factor
1098
1099	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
1100	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
1101
1102
1103	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
1104
1105
1106	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1107	! Description:
1108	! ------------
1109	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
1110	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
1111	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
1112	!> (Lund, 1998).
1113	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1114	SUBROUTINE stg_main
1115
1116
1117	USE arrays_3d, &
1118	ONLY: dzw
1119
1120	USE control_parameters, &
1121	ONLY: child_domain, dt_3d, &
1122	nesting_offline, rans_mode, time_since_reference_point, &
1123	volume_flow_initial
1124
1125	USE grid_variables, &
1126	ONLY: dx, dy
1127
1128	USE indices, &
1129	ONLY: wall_flags_0
1130
1131	USE pmc_interface, &
1132	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
1133
1134
1135	IMPLICIT NONE
1136
1137	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
1138	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1139	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1140
1141	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
1142	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
1143	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow !< mass flux through lateral boundary
1144	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow_l !< local mass flux through lateral boundary
1145
1146	!
1147	!-- Debug location message
1148	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
1149	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_main'
1150	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'start' )
1151	ENDIF
1152	!
1153	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
1154	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call )
1155	!
1156	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
1157	IF ( time_since_reference_point == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
1158	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
1159	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
1160	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
1161
1162	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1163	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1164	!
1165	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1166	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_right )
1167	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_right )
1168	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_right )
1169	!
1170	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1171	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_north )
1172	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_north )
1173	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_north )
1174	!
1175	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1176	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south )
1177	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south )
1178	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south )
1179	ENDIF
1180	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
1181	ENDIF
1182
1183	!
1184	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw
1185	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
1186	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
1187	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
1188
1189	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
1190	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
1191	!
1192	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
1193	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_right )
1194	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_right )
1195	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_right )
1196	!
1197	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
1198	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_north )
1199	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_north )
1200	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_north )
1201	!
1202	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
1203	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south )
1204	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south )
1205	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south )
1206	ENDIF
1207
1208	!
1209	!-- Turbulence generation at left and or right boundary
1210	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1211
1212	DO j = nysg, nyng
1213	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1214	!
1215	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1216	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1217	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
1218	ELSE
1219	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1220	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1221	ENDIF
1222
1223	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1224	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
1225	ELSE
1226	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1227	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1228	ENDIF
1229
1230	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1231	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
1232	ELSE
1233	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1234	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1235	ENDIF
1236	!
1237	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1238	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1239	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1240	dist_yz(k,j,1) = 0.0_wp
1241	dist_yz(k,j,2) = 0.0_wp
1242	dist_yz(k,j,3) = 0.0_wp
1243	ELSE
1244	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp )
1245	!experimental test of 1.2
1246	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1247	* 1.2_wp ) &
1248	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1249	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1250	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1251	* 1.3_wp ) &
1252	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
1253	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
1254	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
1255	ENDIF
1256
1257	ENDDO
1258	ENDDO
1259
1260	!
1261	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1262	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1263	!-- inflow boundary
1264	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
1265	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1266	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1267	DO j = nys, nyn
1268	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1269	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + dzw(k) * &
1270	( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) )
1271	ENDDO
1272	ENDDO
1273
1274	#if defined( __parallel )
1275	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
1276	comm1dy, ierr )
1277	#else
1278	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1279	#endif
1280
1281	mc_factor = volume_flow_initial(1) / mc_factor
1282
1283	!
1284	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
1285	DO j = nysg, nyng
1286	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1287	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
1288	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * mc_factor
1289	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
1290	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * mc_factor
1291	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * mc_factor
1292	ENDDO
1293	ENDDO
1294
1295	ELSE
1296	!
1297	!-- First, calculate volume flow at yz boundary
1298	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
1299	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
1300
1301	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1302	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1303	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1304	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1305	DO j = nys, nyn
1306	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1307	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + u(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dy &
1308	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1309	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1310
1311	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( u(k,j,i) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1312	* dzw(k) * dy &
1313	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1314	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1315	ENDDO
1316	ENDDO
1317	#if defined( __parallel )
1318	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1319	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1320	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1321	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1322	#else
1323	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1324	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1325	#endif
1326
1327	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1328
1329	!
1330	!-- Add disturbances
1331	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
1332	DO j = nys, nyn
1333	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1334	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1335	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1336	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
1337	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
1338	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1339	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1340	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
1341	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1342	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1343	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
1344	ENDDO
1345	ENDDO
1346	ENDIF
1347	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
1348	DO j = nys, nyn
1349	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1350	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
1351	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1352	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
1353	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
1354	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1355	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
1356	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
1357	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1358	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
1359	ENDDO
1360	ENDDO
1361	ENDIF
1362	ENDIF
1363
1364	ENDIF
1365	!
1366	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
1367	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1368
1369	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1370	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
1371	!
1372	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1373	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1374	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
1375	ELSE
1376	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
1377	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
1378	ENDIF
1379
1380	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1381	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
1382	ELSE
1383	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
1384	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
1385	ENDIF
1386
1387	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1388	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
1389	ELSE
1390	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
1391	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
1392	ENDIF
1393	!
1394	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
1395	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
1396	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
1397	dist_xz(k,i,1) = 0.0_wp
1398	dist_xz(k,i,2) = 0.0_wp
1399	dist_xz(k,i,3) = 0.0_wp
1400
1401	ELSE
1402	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp )
1403	!experimental test of 1.2
1404	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
1405	* 1.2_wp ) &
1406	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1407	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1408	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
1409	* 1.3_wp ) &
1410	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
1411	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
1412	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
1413	ENDIF
1414
1415	ENDDO
1416	ENDDO
1417
1418	!
1419	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
1420	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
1421	!-- inflow boundary.
1422	!-- First, calculate volume flow at xz boundary
1423	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
1424	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
1425
1426	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
1427	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
1428	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
1429	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
1430	DO i = nxl, nxr
1431	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1432	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + v(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dx &
1433	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1434	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1435
1436	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( v(k,j,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1437	* dzw(k) * dx &
1438	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1439	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1440	ENDDO
1441	ENDDO
1442	#if defined( __parallel )
1443	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
1444	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1445	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
1446	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1447	#else
1448	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
1449	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
1450	#endif
1451
1452	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
1453
1454	!
1455	!-- Add disturbances
1456	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
1457
1458	DO i = nxl, nxr
1459	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1460	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1461	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1462	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
1463	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1464	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1465	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
1466	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
1467	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1468	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1469	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
1470	ENDDO
1471	ENDDO
1472	ENDIF
1473	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
1474
1475	DO i = nxl, nxr
1476	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1477	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
1478	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1479	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
1480	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
1481	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1482	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
1483	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
1484	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1485	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
1486	ENDDO
1487	ENDDO
1488	ENDIF
1489	ENDIF
1490	!
1491	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
1492	time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
1493	!
1494	!-- Debug location message
1495	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
1496	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_main'
1497	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'end' )
1498	ENDIF
1499
1500	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
1501
1502	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1503	! Description:
1504	! ------------
1505	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1506	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1507	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
1508	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1509	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1510	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1511	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id )
1512
1513
1514	USE indices, &
1515	ONLY: ny
1516
1517	IMPLICIT NONE
1518
1519	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1520	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
1521	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
1522	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1523	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1524	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1525
1526	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
1527	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1528	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y2 !< n_y*2
1529	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1530
1531	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
1532	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1533	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1534
1535	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
1536	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1537	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1538	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1539	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1540
1541
1542	!
1543	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1544	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1545	!-- unit variance.
1546	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:ny+mergp) )
1547
1548	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1549	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1550	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( ny+1 ), KIND=wp )
1551
1552	DO j = 0, ny
1553	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1554	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,j) )
1555	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
1556	ENDDO
1557	ENDDO
1558
1559	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
1560
1561	DO j = 0, ny
1562	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1563	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) - rand_av
1564	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j) ** 2
1565	ENDDO
1566	ENDDO
1567
1568	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv)
1569
1570	DO j = 0, ny
1571	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1572	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) * rand_sigma_inv
1573	ENDDO
1574	ENDDO
1575
1576	!
1577	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1578	DO j = 0, ny
1579	DO k = 1, mergp
1580	rand_it(nzb -k,j) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,j) ! bottom margin
1581	rand_it(nzt+1+k,j) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,j) ! top margin
1582	ENDDO
1583	ENDDO
1584	DO j = 1, mergp
1585	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1586	rand_it(k, -j) = rand_it(k,ny-j+1) ! south margin
1587	rand_it(k,ny+j) = rand_it(k, j-1) ! north margin
1588	ENDDO
1589	ENDDO
1590
1591	!
1592	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1593	n_y2 = n_y * 2
1594	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1595	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1596
1597	DO j = nysg, nyng
1598	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
1599	DO jj = -n_y2(k), n_y2(k)
1600	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1601	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) &
1602	+ b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
1603	ENDDO
1604	ENDDO
1605	ENDDO
1606	ENDDO
1607
1608	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1609	!
1610	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1611	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
1612	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1613
1614	#if defined( __parallel )
1615	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nysg), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
1616	f_n(nzb+1,nysg), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, &
1617	id, comm1dx, ierr )
1618	#else
1619	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng)
1620	#endif
1621
1622
1623	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1629	! Description:
1630	! ------------
1631	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
1632	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
1633	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
1634	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
1635	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
1636	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1637	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id )
1638
1639
1640	USE indices, &
1641	ONLY: nx
1642
1643
1644	IMPLICIT NONE
1645
1646	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
1647	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
1648	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
1649	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1650	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
1651	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
1652
1653	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
1654	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
1655	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x2 !< n_x*2
1656	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
1657
1658	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
1659	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
1660	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
1661
1662	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
1663	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
1664	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
1665	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n !< velocity seed
1666	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
1667
1668
1669	!
1670	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
1671	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
1672	!-- unit variance.
1673	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:nx+mergp) )
1674
1675	rand_av = 0.0_wp
1676	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
1677	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( nx+1 ), KIND=wp )
1678
1679	DO i = 0, nx
1680	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1681	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,i) )
1682	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
1683	ENDDO
1684	ENDDO
1685
1686	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
1687
1688	DO i = 0, nx
1689	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1690	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) - rand_av
1691	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i) ** 2
1692	ENDDO
1693	ENDDO
1694
1695	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv)
1696
1697	DO i = 0, nx
1698	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1699	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) * rand_sigma_inv
1700	ENDDO
1701	ENDDO
1702
1703	!
1704	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
1705	DO i = 0, nx
1706	DO k = 1, mergp
1707	rand_it(nzb-k,i) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,i) ! bottom margin
1708	rand_it(nzt+1+k,i) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,i) ! top margin
1709	ENDDO
1710	ENDDO
1711	DO i = 1, mergp
1712	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
1713	rand_it(k,-i) = rand_it(k,nx-i+1) ! left margin
1714	rand_it(k,nx+i) = rand_it(k,i-1) ! right margin
1715	ENDDO
1716	ENDDO
1717
1718	!
1719	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
1720	n_x2 = n_x * 2
1721	n_z2 = n_z * 2
1722	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
1723
1724	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1725	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
1726	DO ii = -n_x2(k), n_x2(k)
1727	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
1728	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) &
1729	+ b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
1730	ENDDO
1731	ENDDO
1732	ENDDO
1733	ENDDO
1734
1735	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
1736
1737	!
1738	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
1739	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
1740	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
1741
1742
1743	#if defined( __parallel )
1744	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxlg), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
1745	f_n(nzb+1,nxlg), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
1746	id, comm1dy, ierr )
1747	#else
1748	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg)
1749	#endif
1750
1751
1752	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
1753
1754	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1755	! Description:
1756	! ------------
1757	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
1758	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
1759	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
1760	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
1761	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1762	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1763
1764	USE arrays_3d, &
1765	ONLY: zu
1766
1767	IMPLICIT NONE
1768
1769	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1770
1771	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
1772
1773	!
1774	!--
1775	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1776
1777	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1778	!
1779	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
1780	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
1781	!
1782	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
1783	!-- to the denominator, else the merge-function can crash if scale_l is
1784	!-- zero.
1785	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
1786	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ABS( &
1787	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
1788	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
1789	0.0_wp, &
1790	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
1791	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
1792	)
1793
1794	r22(k) = r11(k)
1795	!
1796	!-- w'w'
1797	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
1798	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
1799	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
1800	)
1801	!
1802	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
1803	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( &
1804	1.0_wp - EXP( 3.0_wp * ( zzi - 1.0_wp ) ) &
1805	)
1806
1807	r32(k) = r31(k)
1808	!
1809	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
1810	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
1811	r21(k) = r31(k)
1812	!
1813	!-- Above the boundary layer, assmume laminar flow conditions.
1814	ELSE
1815	r11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1816	r22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1817	r33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1818	r21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1819	r31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1820	r32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1821	ENDIF
1822	ENDDO
1823
1824	!
1825	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1826	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1827	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
1828	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
1829
1830	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
1831	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
1832	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
1833
1834
1835	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
1836
1837	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1838	! Description:
1839	! ------------
1840	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
1841	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1842	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1843
1844	IMPLICIT NONE
1845
1846	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1847
1848	!
1849	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
1850	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1851	IF ( r11(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1852	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
1853	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
1854	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
1855	ELSE
1856	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
1857	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
1858	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
1859	ENDIF
1860	ENDDO
1861	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1862	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
1863	IF ( a22(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1864	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
1865	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
1866	ELSE
1867	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
1868	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
1869	ENDIF
1870	ENDDO
1871	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1872	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
1873	IF ( a33(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1874	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
1875	ELSE
1876	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
1877	ENDIF
1878	ENDDO
1879	!
1880	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
1881	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
1882	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
1883	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
1884	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
1885	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
1886	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
1887
1888	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
1889
1890	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1891	! Description:
1892	! ------------
1893	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
1894	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
1895	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1896	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1897
1898	IMPLICIT NONE
1899
1900	!
1901	!-- Debug location message
1902	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
1903	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_adjust'
1904	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'start' )
1905	ENDIF
1906	!
1907	!-- Compute mean boundary layer height according to Richardson-Bulk
1908	!-- criterion using the inflow profiles. Further velocity scale as well as
1909	!-- mean friction velocity are calculated.
1910	CALL calc_scaling_variables
1911	!
1912	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
1913	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
1914	!
1915	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
1916	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
1917	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
1918	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
1919	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
1920	!
1921	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
1922	!-- (Lund rotation)
1923	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
1924	!
1925	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
1926	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
1927	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
1928	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
1929	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
1930	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
1931	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
1932	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
1933	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
1934	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
1935	!
1936	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
1937	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
1938	!
1939	!-- Debug location message
1940	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
1941	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_adjust'
1942	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'end' )
1943	ENDIF
1944
1945	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
1946
1947
1948	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1949	! Description:
1950	! ------------
1951	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
1952	!> from measurements.
1953	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1954	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
1955
1956	USE arrays_3d, &
1957	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init
1958
1959	USE grid_variables, &
1960	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
1961
1962	IMPLICIT NONE
1963
1964
1965	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
1966
1967	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< typical length scale
1968
1969	!
1970	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
1971	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
1972	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
1973	!
1974	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
1975	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
1976	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
1977	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
1978	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
1979	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
1980	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
1981	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
1982	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
1983	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1984
1985	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, dzw(k) )
1986
1987	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
1988	!
1989	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
1990	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1991	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1992	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1993	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1994	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1995	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1996	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
1997	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
1998	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
1999	!
2000	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
2001	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
2002	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
2003	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
2004	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
2005	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
2006	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
2007	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
2008	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
2009	!
2010	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
2011	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 )
2012	!
2013	!-- Above the boundary layer length scales are zero, i.e. imposed turbulence
2014	!-- is not correlated in space and time, just white noise. This saves
2015	!-- computations power.
2016	ELSE
2017	nux(k) = 0.0_wp
2018	nuy(k) = 0.0_wp
2019	nuz(k) = 0.0_wp
2020	nvx(k) = 0.0_wp
2021	nvy(k) = 0.0_wp
2022	nvz(k) = 0.0_wp
2023	nwx(k) = 0.0_wp
2024	nwy(k) = 0.0_wp
2025	nwz(k) = 0.0_wp
2026
2027	tu(k) = 0.0_wp
2028	tv(k) = 0.0_wp
2029	tw(k) = 0.0_wp
2030	ENDIF
2031	ENDDO
2032	!
2033	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
2034	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
2035	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
2036	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
2037	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
2038	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
2039	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
2040	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
2041	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
2042	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
2043
2044	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
2045	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
2046	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
2047
2048
2049	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
2050
2051	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2052	! Description:
2053	! ------------
2054	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
2055	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
2056	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
2057	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2058	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
2059
2060	USE arrays_3d, &
2061	ONLY: drho_air
2062
2063	USE indices, &
2064	ONLY: nx, ny
2065
2066	USE surface_mod, &
2067	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
2068
2069	IMPLICIT NONE
2070
2071	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
2072	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
2073	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
2074	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_ref !< index in z-direction for COSMO reference height
2075	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
2076	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
2077
2078	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
2079	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point)
2080	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean_l !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point) on subdomain
2081	REAL(wp) :: scale_l_l !< mean Obukhov lenght on subdomain
2082	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
2083	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
2084	REAL(wp) :: u_int !< u-component
2085	REAL(wp) :: v_int !< v-component
2086	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
2087
2088	!
2089	!-- Calculate mean friction velocity, velocity scale, heat flux and
2090	!-- near-surface temperature in the model domain.
2091	pt_surf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2092	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
2093	scale_l_l = 0.0_wp
2094	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
2095	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
2096	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
2097	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
2098	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
2099	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_def_h(0)%us(m)
2100	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
2101	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_def_h(0)%ol(m)
2102	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
2103	ENDDO
2104	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2105	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2106	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2107	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
2108	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_lsm_h%us(m)
2109	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
2110	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_lsm_h%ol(m)
2111	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
2112	ENDDO
2113	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
2114	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
2115	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
2116	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
2117	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_usm_h%us(m)
2118	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
2119	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_usm_h%ol(m)
2120	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
2121	ENDDO
2122
2123	#if defined( __parallel )
2124	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2125	comm2d, ierr )
2126	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2127	comm2d, ierr )
2128	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( scale_l_l, scale_l, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2129	comm2d, ierr )
2130	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( pt_surf_mean_l, pt_surf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2131	comm2d, ierr )
2132	#else
2133	scale_us = friction_vel_l
2134	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
2135	scale_l = scale_l_l
2136	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean_l
2137	#endif
2138
2139	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2140	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2141	scale_l = scale_l / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2142	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
2143	!
2144	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
2145	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
2146	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2147	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surf_mean )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2148	ELSE
2149	w_convective = 0.0_wp
2150	ENDIF
2151	!
2152	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
2153	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
2154	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
2155	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
2156
2157	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
2158
2159	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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