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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 3956

Last change on this file since 3956 was 3938, checked in by suehring, 6 years ago
Remove unused variables
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 82.9 KB

Rev	Line
[2259]	1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[2259]	4	!
[2696]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
[2259]	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
	9	!
[2696]	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
[2259]	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3885]	17	! Copyright 2017-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2259]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	19	!
	20	! Current revisions:
	21	! -----------------
	22	!
[3349]	23	!
[2259]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 3938 2019-04-29 16:06:25Z monakurppa $
[3938]	27	! Remove unused variables
	28	!
	29	! 3937 2019-04-29 15:09:07Z suehring
[3937]	30	! Minor bugfix in case of a very early restart where mc_factor is sill not
	31	! present.
	32	! Some modification and fixing of potential bugs in the calculation of scaling
	33	! parameters used for synthetic turbulence parametrization.
	34	!
	35	! 3909 2019-04-17 09:13:25Z suehring
[3909]	36	! Minor bugfix for last commit
	37	!
	38	! 3900 2019-04-16 15:17:43Z suehring
[3900]	39	! Missing re-calculation of perturbation seeds in case of restarts
	40	!
	41	! 3891 2019-04-12 17:52:01Z suehring
[3891]	42	! Bugfix in initialization in case of restart runs.
	43	!
	44	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	45	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	46	! of additional debug messages
	47	!
	48	!
[3775]	49	! removed unused variables
	50	!
	51	! 3719 2019-02-06 13:10:18Z kanani
[3719]	52	! Removed log_point measurement from stg_init, since this part is counted to
	53	! log_point(2) 'initialisation' already. Moved other log_points to calls of
	54	! the subroutines in time_integration for better overview.
	55	!
	56	! 3646 2018-12-28 17:58:49Z kanani
[3646]	57	! Bugfix: use time_since_reference_point instead of simulated_time (relevant
	58	! when using wall/soil spinup)
	59	!
	60	! 3579 2018-11-29 15:32:39Z suehring
[3579]	61	! - Bugfix in calculation of turbulence scaling parameters for turbulence
	62	! generator in case of topography
	63	! - Additional checks implemented - no STG in RANS-RANS nesting or LES-LES
	64	! nesting
	65	!
	66	! 3376 2018-10-19 10:15:32Z suehring
[3376]	67	! Error messages and numbers reivsed.
	68	!
	69	! 3349 2018-10-15 16:39:41Z suehring
[3349]	70	! Fix for format descriptor
	71	!
	72	! 3348 2018-10-15 14:30:51Z suehring
[3347]	73	! - Revise structure of init routine
	74	! - introduce new parameters to skip STG for some timesteps
	75	! - introduce time-dependent parametrization of Reynolds-stress tensor
	76	! - Bugfix in allocation of mean_inflow_profiles
	77	!
	78	! 3341 2018-10-15 10:31:27Z suehring
[3289]	79	! Introduce module parameter for number of inflow profiles
	80	!
	81	! 3288 2018-09-28 10:23:08Z suehring
[3274]	82	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
	83	!
	84	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
[3248]	85	! Minor formating changes
	86	!
	87	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
[3246]	88	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
	89	!
	90	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
[3241]	91	! unused variables removed
	92	!
	93	! 3186 2018-07-30 17:07:14Z suehring
[3186]	94	! Mask topography while imposing inflow perturbations at the boundaries; do not
	95	! impose perturbations at top boundary as well as ghost points
	96	!
	97	! 3183 2018-07-27 14:25:55Z suehring
[3183]	98	! Rename variables and extend error message
	99	! Enable geneartor also for stretched grids
	100	!
	101	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
[3065]	102	! Error message related to vertical stretching has been added, dz was replaced
	103	! by dz(1)
	104	!
	105	! 3051 2018-05-30 17:43:55Z suehring
[3051]	106	! Bugfix in calculation of initial Reynolds-stress tensor.
[3049]	107	!
	108	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3051]	109	! Error messages revised
[3045]	110	!
	111	! 3044 2018-05-25 10:59:41Z gronemeier
[3044]	112	! Add missing variable descriptions
	113	!
	114	! 3038 2018-05-24 10:54:00Z gronemeier
[3038]	115	! updated variable descriptions
	116	!
	117	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
[2967]	118	! bugfix: missing parallel cpp-directives added
[3038]	119	!
[2967]	120	! 2946 2018-04-04 17:01:23Z suehring
[2946]	121	! Remove unused module load
[3038]	122	!
[2946]	123	! 2945 2018-04-04 16:27:14Z suehring
[3038]	124	! - Bugfix in parallelization of synthetic turbulence generator in case the
	125	! z-dimension is not an integral divisor of the number of processors along
[2945]	126	! the x- and y-dimension
[3038]	127	! - Revision in control mimic in case of RAN-LES nesting
	128	!
[2945]	129	! 2938 2018-03-27 15:52:42Z suehring
[3038]	130	! Apply turbulence generator at all non-cyclic lateral boundaries in case of
	131	! realistic Inifor large-scale forcing or RANS-LES nesting
	132	!
[2938]	133	! 2936 2018-03-27 14:49:27Z suehring
[3038]	134	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was found,
	135	! reading of restart strings has been moved completely to read_restart_data_mod,
	136	! redundant skipping function has been removed, stg_read/write_restart_data
	137	! have been renamed to stg_r/wrd_global, stg_rrd_global is called in
[2894]	138	! read_restart_data_mod now, flag syn_turb_gen_prerun and marker *** end stg
[3038]	139	! *** have been removed (Giersch), strings and their respective lengths are
	140	! written out and read now in case of restart runs to get rid of prescribed
	141	! character lengths (Giersch), CASE DEFAULT was added if restart data is read
	142	!
[2894]	143	! 2841 2018-02-27 15:02:57Z suehring
[2841]	144	! Bugfix: wrong placement of include 'mpif.h' corrected
[3038]	145	!
[2841]	146	! 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z Giersch
[3038]	147	! The variables synthetic_turbulence_generator and
[2836]	148	! use_synthetic_turbulence_generator have been abbreviated + syn_turb_gen_prerun
	149	! flag is used to define if module related parameters were outputted as restart
[3038]	150	! data
	151	!
[2776]	152	! 2716 2017-12-29 16:35:59Z kanani
[2716]	153	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[3038]	154	!
[2716]	155	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	156	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	157	!
	158	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	159	! unit number for file containing turbulence generator data changed to 90
	160	! bugfix: preprocessor directives added for MPI specific code
[3038]	161	!
[2669]	162	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
[3038]	163	! Definition of a new function called stg_skip_global to skip module
[2576]	164	! parameters during reading restart data
[3038]	165	!
[2576]	166	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
[2563]	167	! stg_read_restart_data is called in stg_parin in the case of a restart run
[3038]	168	!
[2563]	169	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
[2259]	170	! Initial revision
	171	!
	172	!
[3038]	173	!
[2259]	174	! Authors:
	175	! --------
[3347]	176	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
	177	!
[2259]	178	!
	179	!
	180	! Description:
	181	! ------------
	182	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
	183	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
	184	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
	185	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
	186	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
	187	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
[3347]	188	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
	189	!> within the boundary layer.
[2259]	190	!>
	191	!> @todo test restart
	192	!> enable cyclic_fill
	193	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
[2945]	194	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
[2259]	195	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
	196	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
	197	!> must match with current PALM grid.
	198	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
	199	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
	200	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	201	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
	202
	203
	204	USE arrays_3d, &
[3347]	205	ONLY: mean_inflow_profiles, q, pt, u, v, w, zu, zw
[2259]	206
[3274]	207	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
[3347]	208	ONLY: g, kappa, pi
[2259]	209
	210	USE control_parameters, &
[3885]	211	ONLY: debug_output, &
	212	debug_string, &
	213	initializing_actions, &
	214	message_string, &
	215	num_mean_inflow_profiles, &
[3288]	216	syn_turb_gen
[2259]	217
	218	USE indices, &
[2938]	219	ONLY: nbgp, nzb, nzt, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nys, nyn, nyng, nysg
[2259]	220
	221	USE kinds
	222
[2967]	223	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
[2259]	224	USE MPI
[2841]	225	#endif
[2259]	226
[3347]	227	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
	228	ONLY: zi_ribulk
	229
[2259]	230	USE pegrid, &
[2938]	231	ONLY: comm1dx, comm1dy, comm2d, ierr, myidx, myidy, pdims
[2259]	232
	233	USE transpose_indices, &
	234	ONLY: nzb_x, nzt_x
	235
	236
	237	IMPLICIT NONE
	238
[2967]	239	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
[2841]	240	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
	241	#endif
	242
[3182]	243
[3347]	244	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
	245	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
	246	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
[2259]	247
[3038]	248	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	249	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	250	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	251	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
[2938]	252	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
	253	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
	254	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
	255	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
	256	INTEGER(iwp) :: merg !< maximum length scale (in gp)
	257	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< merg + nbgp
[3038]	258	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	259	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	260	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
	261	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
[2259]	262
[3347]	263	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	264	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
	265	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	266	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
	267	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
	268	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
	269	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
	270	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
	271	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
	272	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
	273	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
	274	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
	275	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
	276	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed !< seed of random number for rn-generator
[2259]	277
[3347]	278	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
	279	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 5.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
[3937]	280	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor = 1.0_wp !< mass flux correction factor
[3347]	281	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
	282	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
	283	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
	284	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
	285	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
	286
	287
	288	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
	289	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
	290	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
	291	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
	292	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
	293	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
	294
	295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
	302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
	303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
[2259]	304
[3347]	305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
	306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
	307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
	308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
	309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
	310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
	311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
	312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
	313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
	314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
	315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
	316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
	317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
	318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
	319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
	320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
	321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
	322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
	323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
	324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
	325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
	326
	327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
	328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
[2259]	329
	330	!
	331	!-- PALM interfaces:
[3347]	332	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
	333	INTERFACE stg_adjust
	334	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
	335	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
	336	!
[2259]	337	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
	338	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	339	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
	340	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	341
	342	!
	343	!-- Calculate filter functions
	344	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	345	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
	346	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	347
	348	!
[2938]	349	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
	350	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	351	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
	352	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	353	!
	354	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
[2259]	355	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	356	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
	357	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	358
	359	!
	360	!-- Output of information to the header file
	361	INTERFACE stg_header
	362	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
	363	END INTERFACE stg_header
	364
	365	!
	366	!-- Initialization actions
	367	INTERFACE stg_init
	368	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
	369	END INTERFACE stg_init
	370
	371	!
	372	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
	373	INTERFACE stg_main
	374	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
	375	END INTERFACE stg_main
	376
	377	!
	378	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
	379	INTERFACE stg_parin
	380	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
	381	END INTERFACE stg_parin
	382
	383	!
	384	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
[2894]	385	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
	386	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global
	387	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
[2259]	388
	389	!
	390	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
[2894]	391	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
	392	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
	393	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	394
	395	SAVE
	396
	397	PRIVATE
	398
	399	!
	400	!-- Public interfaces
[3347]	401	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
	402	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
[2259]	403
	404	!
	405	!-- Public variables
[3347]	406	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
	407	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
	408	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	409
	410
	411	CONTAINS
	412
	413
	414	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	415	! Description:
	416	! ------------
	417	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
	418	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	419	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	420
	421
	422	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	423	ONLY: bc_lr, bc_ns, child_domain, nesting_offline, rans_mode, &
	424	turbulent_inflow
[2259]	425
[2938]	426	USE pmc_interface, &
	427	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[2259]	428
[2938]	429
[2259]	430	IMPLICIT NONE
	431
[3182]	432	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
	433	nesting_offline ) THEN
[3376]	434	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
	435	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates ' // &
	436	'in LES mode.'
	437	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	438	ENDIF
	439
[3182]	440	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
[2938]	441	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
[3376]	442	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
[2938]	443	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
	444	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
[3376]	445	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	446	ENDIF
	447
[2776]	448	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	449
[3579]	450	IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
	451	.NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	452	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
	453	'is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.'
	454	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	455
	456	ENDIF
	457
	458	IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. &
	459	rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	460	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
	461	'is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.'
	462	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	463
	464	ENDIF
	465
[3182]	466	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	467
[2938]	468	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
	469	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
	470	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3579]	471	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
	472	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
	473	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	474	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	475	ENDIF
	476
	477	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
	478	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3347]	479	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
	480	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	481	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	482	ENDIF
	483	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
	484	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3579]	485	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
[3347]	486	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	487	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	488	ENDIF
	489
[2259]	490	ENDIF
	491
	492	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
	493	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[2938]	494	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
	495	'is not allowed'
[2259]	496	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	497	ENDIF
	498
	499	ENDIF
	500
	501	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	502
	503
	504	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	505	! Description:
	506	! ------------
	507	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
	508	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	509	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
	510
	511
	512	IMPLICIT NONE
	513
	514	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	515
	516	!
	517	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
	518	WRITE( io, 1 )
[2776]	519	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	520	WRITE( io, 2 )
	521	ELSE
	522	WRITE( io, 3 )
	523	ENDIF
[3347]	524
	525	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
	526	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
	527	ELSE
	528	WRITE( io, 5 )
	529	ENDIF
[2259]	530
	531	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
	532	' ------------------------------------------'/)
[3347]	533	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
	534	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
[3348]	535	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
[3347]	536	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
[2259]	537
	538	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
	539
	540
	541	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	542	! Description:
	543	! ------------
	544	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
	545	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	546	SUBROUTINE stg_init
	547
	548
	549	USE arrays_3d, &
[3775]	550	ONLY: ddzw, u_init, v_init
[2259]	551
	552	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	553	ONLY: child_domain, coupling_char, e_init, nesting_offline, rans_mode
[2259]	554
	555	USE grid_variables, &
[3775]	556	ONLY: ddy
[2259]	557
[2938]	558	USE indices, &
	559	ONLY: nz
[2259]	560
[2945]	561	USE pmc_interface, &
	562	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[2938]	563
[2945]	564
[2259]	565	IMPLICIT NONE
	566
[3347]	567	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
[2938]	568
[2669]	569	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	570	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
	571	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
[2669]	572	#endif
[2259]	573
[2938]	574	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
[2259]	575	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
	576	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
	577	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
	578	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
	579	INTEGER(iwp) :: nseed !< dimension of random number seed
	580	INTEGER(iwp) :: startseed = 1234567890 !< start seed for random number generator
	581
	582	!
	583	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
	584	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
	585	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
	586	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
	587	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
	588	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
	589	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
	590	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
	591	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
	592	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
	593	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
[3038]	594	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
[2259]	595	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
	596
[2938]	597
[2259]	598	#if defined( __parallel )
	599	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	600	#endif
	601
[2669]	602	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	603	!
[2938]	604	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
	605	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
[2945]	606	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
	607	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
[2938]	608
[3038]	609	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
[2945]	610	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
[2938]	611
[3182]	612	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	613	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2938]	614	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
[2945]	615	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
	616	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
[2938]	617
[2945]	618	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
[3038]	619	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
[2938]	620	ENDIF
	621
	622	!
[2259]	623	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
	624	!-- velocity seeds
	625	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
	626	extent = 1 * realsize
[2938]	627	!
[3038]	628	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
	629	!-- layer
[2938]	630	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
[2259]	631	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
	632	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	633	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
	634	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
	635	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	636
[2938]	637	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
[2945]	638	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
[2259]	639	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	640	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
	641	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
	642	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	643
	644	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
[2938]	645	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
[2259]	646
[2938]	647	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
	648	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
[2259]	649
	650	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
[2938]	651	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
[2259]	652	ENDDO
[2938]	653	!
[3038]	654	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
	655	!-- layer
[2938]	656	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
[3182]	657	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	658	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2945]	659	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
[2938]	660	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	661	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
	662	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
	663	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	664
	665	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
[2945]	666	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
[2938]	667	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	668	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	669	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	670	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	671
	672	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
	673	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
	674
	675	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
	676	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
	677
	678	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
	679	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
	680	ENDDO
	681
	682	ENDIF
	683
[2669]	684	#endif
[2259]	685	!
	686	!-- Define seed of random number
	687	CALL RANDOM_SEED()
	688	CALL RANDOM_SEED( size=nseed )
	689	ALLOCATE( seed(1:nseed) )
	690	DO j = 1, nseed
	691	seed(j) = startseed + j
	692	ENDDO
	693	CALL RANDOM_SEED(put=seed)
[3347]	694	!
	695	!-- Allocate required arrays
	696	!-- mean_inflow profiles must not be allocated in offline nesting
	697	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	698	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) &
	699	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
	700	ENDIF
[2259]	701
[3347]	702	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	703	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	704	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	705	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	706	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	707	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	708	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	709	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
	710
	711	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg,3) )
	712	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,3) )
	713	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
	714	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
	715	!
[2259]	716	!-- Read inflow profile
	717	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
	718	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
	719	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
	720	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
[2938]	721	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	722	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
[2259]	723
[2938]	724	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
[2259]	725
[2938]	726	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
	727	FORM='FORMATTED')
	728	!
	729	!-- Skip header
	730	READ( 90, * )
[2259]	731
[3182]	732	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
[2938]	733	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
	734	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
	735	d1, d2, d3, d5
	736
[2259]	737	!
[3182]	738	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
[2938]	739	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
[3182]	740	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	741	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
[3182]	742	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	743	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
[3182]	744	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	745	!
	746	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
	747	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
	748	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
	749	nux(k) = nuy(k)
	750	!
	751	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
	752	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	753	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
	754	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
	755	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
	756	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
	757	ENDIF
	758	ENDDO
[3182]	759	!
	760	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
	761	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	762	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	763	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	764	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	765	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	766	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
	767
[2938]	768	CLOSE( 90 )
[3347]	769	!
	770	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	771	!-- (Lund rotation)
	772	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	773	!
	774	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
	775	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
	776	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
	777	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
	778	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
	779	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
[2938]	780	ELSE
[2259]	781	!
[3347]	782	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
	783	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
	784	!
	785	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
	786	!-- scales
	787	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	788	!
	789	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
	790	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
	791	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
[3891]	792	!
	793	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
	794	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
	795	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
	796	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
	797	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
	798	!
	799	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	800	!-- (Lund rotation)
	801	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
[3347]	802
[2938]	803	ENDIF
	804
[2259]	805	!
[3347]	806	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
	807	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
	808	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
[3182]	809	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[2938]	810	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
	811	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
	812	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
	813	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
	814	ENDIF
[3347]	815
[2938]	816	!
[2259]	817	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
	818	merg = 0
	819
	820	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
	821	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[2938]	822	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
	823	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
	824	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
[2259]	825	IF ( j > merg ) merg = j
	826	ENDDO
	827
	828	merg = 2 * merg
	829	mergp = merg + nbgp
	830
[2938]	831	ALLOCATE ( bux(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	832	buy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	833	buz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	834	bvx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	835	bvy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	836	bvz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	837	bwx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	838	bwy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	839	bwz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) )
[2259]	840
	841	!
[2938]	842	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
	843	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
	844	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
	845	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
[2259]	846
[2938]	847	!
	848	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
	849	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
	850	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
	851	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
[2259]	852
[2938]	853	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
	854	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
	855	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
	856	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
	857	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
	858	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
	859
	860	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
	861	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
	862	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
	863	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
	864	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
	865	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
	866
[2259]	867	!
	868	!-- Create filter functions
[2938]	869	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
[2259]	870	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
	871	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
[2938]	872	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
[2259]	873	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
	874	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
[2938]	875	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
[2259]	876	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
	877	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
	878
	879	#if defined( __parallel )
	880	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	881	#endif
	882
	883	!
[2938]	884	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
	885	! time step.
	886	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
	887	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
[2259]	888	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
[2938]	889	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
	890
	891	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
	892	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	893
[2259]	894	DO j = nysg, nyng
	895	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	896	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[2938]	897	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
[2259]	898	ELSE
[2938]	899	fu_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
[2259]	900	ENDIF
	901
	902	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[2938]	903	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
	904	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
[2259]	905	ELSE
[2938]	906	fv_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
[2259]	907	ENDIF
	908
	909	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[2938]	910	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
	911	a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
[2259]	912	ELSE
[2938]	913	fw_yz = 0._wp
[2259]	914	ENDIF
	915
	916	ENDDO
	917	ENDDO
	918	ENDIF
[3900]	919
	920	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	921
	922	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = -1
	923	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	924
	925	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	926	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	927
	928	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
	929	fu_xz(k,i) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
	930	ELSE
	931	fu_xz(k,i) = 0._wp
	932	ENDIF
	933
	934	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[3909]	935	fv_xz(k,i) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - &
[3900]	936	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
	937	ELSE
	938	fv_xz(k,i) = 0._wp
	939	ENDIF
	940
	941	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[3909]	942	fw_xz(k,i) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - &
	943	a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ) / a33(k)
[3900]	944	ELSE
	945	fw_xz = 0._wp
	946	ENDIF
	947
	948	ENDDO
	949	ENDDO
	950	ENDIF
[2259]	951	ENDIF
	952
	953	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
	954
	955
	956	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	957	! Description:
	958	! ------------
	959	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
	960	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
	961	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	962	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
	963
	964
	965	IMPLICIT NONE
	966
	967	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
	968	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
	969	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k2 !< n_k * 2
	970	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
	971
	972	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
	973	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
	974
	975	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:) :: nxx(nzb:nzt+1) !< length scale (in gp)
	976
	977	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) :: bxx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) !< filter function
	978
	979
	980	bxx = 0.0_wp
	981
	982	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	983	bdenom = 0.0_wp
	984	n_k = nxx(k)
	985	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
	986	n_k2 = n_k * 2
	987
	988	!
	989	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
	990	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
	991	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
	992	ENDDO
	993
	994	!
	995	!-- ( Eq.9 )
	996	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
	997	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
	998	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
	999	ENDDO
	1000	ENDIF
	1001	ENDDO
	1002
[3347]	1003	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
[2259]	1004
	1005
	1006	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1007	! Description:
	1008	! ------------
	1009	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
	1010	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1011	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	1012
	1013
	1014	IMPLICIT NONE
	1015
	1016	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1017
	1018
[3347]	1019	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, dt_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1020
	1021	line = ' '
	1022
	1023	!
	1024	!-- Try to find stg package
	1025	REWIND ( 11 )
	1026	line = ' '
	1027	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1028	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
[2259]	1029	ENDDO
	1030	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1031
	1032	!
	1033	!-- Read namelist
[3246]	1034	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
[2259]	1035
	1036	!
	1037	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
	1038	!-- on
[2776]	1039	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
[3246]	1040	GOTO 20
[2259]	1041
[3246]	1042	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1043	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1044	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
[2563]	1045
[3246]	1046	20 CONTINUE
[2259]	1047
	1048	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	1049
	1050
	1051	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1052	! Description:
	1053	! ------------
[2894]	1054	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
[2576]	1055	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	1056	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global( found )
[2576]	1057
	1058
[2894]	1059	USE control_parameters, &
	1060	ONLY: length, restart_string
[2576]	1061
	1062
[2894]	1063	IMPLICIT NONE
[2576]	1064
[3044]	1065	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
[2259]	1066
	1067
[2894]	1068	found = .TRUE.
[2259]	1069
[3038]	1070
[2894]	1071	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
[2259]	1072
[2894]	1073	CASE ( 'mc_factor' )
	1074	READ ( 13 ) mc_factor
	1075	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1076	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1077
[2894]	1078	CASE DEFAULT
[2259]	1079
[3038]	1080	found = .FALSE.
[2259]	1081
[2894]	1082	END SELECT
[2259]	1083
	1084
[2894]	1085	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global
[2259]	1086
	1087
	1088	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1089	! Description:
	1090	! ------------
	1091	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
	1092	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	1093	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1094
	1095
	1096	IMPLICIT NONE
	1097
[2894]	1098	CALL wrd_write_string( 'mc_factor' )
[2259]	1099	WRITE ( 14 ) mc_factor
	1100
[2894]	1101	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1102	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1103
	1104
[2894]	1105	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1106
[2894]	1107
[2259]	1108	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1109	! Description:
	1110	! ------------
	1111	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
	1112	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
	1113	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
	1114	!> (Lund, 1998).
	1115	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1116	SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1117
	1118
	1119	USE arrays_3d, &
	1120	ONLY: dzw
	1121
	1122	USE control_parameters, &
[3775]	1123	ONLY: child_domain, dt_3d, &
[3646]	1124	nesting_offline, rans_mode, time_since_reference_point, &
	1125	volume_flow_initial
[2259]	1126
[2938]	1127	USE grid_variables, &
	1128	ONLY: dx, dy
	1129
[2259]	1130	USE indices, &
[2938]	1131	ONLY: wall_flags_0
[2259]	1132
[2945]	1133	USE pmc_interface, &
	1134	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[2259]	1135
[2945]	1136
[2259]	1137	IMPLICIT NONE
	1138
[2938]	1139	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
[2259]	1140	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1141	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1142
	1143	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
	1144	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
[2938]	1145	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow !< mass flux through lateral boundary
	1146	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow_l !< local mass flux through lateral boundary
[2259]	1147
	1148	!
[3885]	1149	!-- Debug location message
	1150	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
	1151	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_main'
	1152	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'start' )
	1153	ENDIF
	1154	!
[2259]	1155	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
[3775]	1156	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call )
[2259]	1157	!
	1158	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
[3646]	1159	IF ( time_since_reference_point == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
[2938]	1160	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
	1161	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
	1162	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
	1163
[3182]	1164	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	1165	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2938]	1166	!
	1167	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
	1168	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_right )
	1169	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_right )
	1170	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_right )
	1171	!
	1172	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
	1173	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_north )
	1174	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_north )
	1175	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_north )
	1176	!
	1177	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
	1178	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south )
	1179	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south )
	1180	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south )
	1181	ENDIF
[2259]	1182	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
	1183	ENDIF
[3347]	1184
[2259]	1185	!
	1186	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw
[2938]	1187	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1188	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1189	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
[3347]	1190
[3182]	1191	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
[3347]	1192	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2938]	1193	!
[3347]	1194	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
	1195	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_right )
	1196	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_right )
	1197	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_right )
[2938]	1198	!
[3347]	1199	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
	1200	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_north )
	1201	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_north )
	1202	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_north )
[2938]	1203	!
[3347]	1204	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
	1205	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south )
	1206	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south )
	1207	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south )
[2938]	1208	ENDIF
[3347]	1209
[2938]	1210	!
	1211	!-- Turbulence generation at left and or right boundary
	1212	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[3347]	1213
[2259]	1214	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1215	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
	1216	!
	1217	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1218	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2938]	1219	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
[2259]	1220	ELSE
[3347]	1221	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
[2938]	1222	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
[2259]	1223	ENDIF
	1224
	1225	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2938]	1226	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
[2259]	1227	ELSE
[3347]	1228	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
[2938]	1229	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
[2259]	1230	ENDIF
	1231
	1232	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2938]	1233	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
[2259]	1234	ELSE
[3347]	1235	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
[2938]	1236	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
[2259]	1237	ENDIF
	1238	!
	1239	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1240	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1241	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
[2938]	1242	dist_yz(k,j,1) = 0.0_wp
	1243	dist_yz(k,j,2) = 0.0_wp
	1244	dist_yz(k,j,3) = 0.0_wp
[2259]	1245	ELSE
[3347]	1246	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp )
[2259]	1247	!experimental test of 1.2
[3347]	1248	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
	1249	* 1.2_wp ) &
	1250	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
	1251	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
	1252	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
	1253	* 1.3_wp ) &
	1254	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
	1255	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
	1256	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
[2259]	1257	ENDIF
	1258
	1259	ENDDO
	1260	ENDDO
	1261
	1262	!
	1263	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
	1264	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
	1265	!-- inflow boundary
[3182]	1266	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[2938]	1267	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1268	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1269	DO j = nys, nyn
	1270	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1271	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + dzw(k) * &
	1272	( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) )
	1273	ENDDO
[2259]	1274	ENDDO
	1275
	1276	#if defined( __parallel )
[3347]	1277	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	1278	comm1dy, ierr )
[2259]	1279	#else
[2938]	1280	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
[2259]	1281	#endif
	1282
[2938]	1283	mc_factor = volume_flow_initial(1) / mc_factor
[2259]	1284
	1285	!
[2938]	1286	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
	1287	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1288	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1289	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
	1290	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * mc_factor
	1291	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
	1292	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * mc_factor
	1293	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * mc_factor
	1294	ENDDO
[2259]	1295	ENDDO
[2938]	1296
	1297	ELSE
	1298	!
	1299	!-- First, calculate volume flow at yz boundary
	1300	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1301	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1302
	1303	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
	1304	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
	1305	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1306	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1307	DO j = nys, nyn
	1308	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1309	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + u(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dy &
[3038]	1310	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1311	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	1312
	1313	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( u(k,j,i) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1314	* dzw(k) * dy &
[3038]	1315	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1316	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	1317	ENDDO
	1318	ENDDO
	1319	#if defined( __parallel )
	1320	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
	1321	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1322	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
	1323	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1324	#else
	1325	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
	1326	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
	1327	#endif
	1328
	1329	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
	1330
	1331	!
	1332	!-- Add disturbances
	1333	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
[3186]	1334	DO j = nys, nyn
[3347]	1335	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1336	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1337	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1338	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
[3347]	1339	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
[3186]	1340	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
	1341	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1342	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
	1343	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
	1344	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1345	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
[2938]	1346	ENDDO
	1347	ENDDO
	1348	ENDIF
	1349	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[3186]	1350	DO j = nys, nyn
[3347]	1351	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1352	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1353	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1354	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
	1355	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
	1356	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1357	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
	1358	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
	1359	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1360	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
[2938]	1361	ENDDO
	1362	ENDDO
	1363	ENDIF
	1364	ENDIF
	1365
	1366	ENDIF
	1367	!
	1368	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
	1369	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
[3347]	1370
[2938]	1371	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1372	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
	1373	!
	1374	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1375	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1376	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
	1377	ELSE
	1378	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
	1379	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
	1380	ENDIF
	1381
	1382	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1383	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
	1384	ELSE
	1385	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
[3347]	1386	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
[2938]	1387	ENDIF
[3347]	1388
[2938]	1389	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1390	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
	1391	ELSE
	1392	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
[3347]	1393	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
[2938]	1394	ENDIF
	1395	!
	1396	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1397	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1398	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
	1399	dist_xz(k,i,1) = 0.0_wp
	1400	dist_xz(k,i,2) = 0.0_wp
	1401	dist_xz(k,i,3) = 0.0_wp
	1402
	1403	ELSE
[3347]	1404	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp )
[2938]	1405	!experimental test of 1.2
[3347]	1406	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
	1407	* 1.2_wp ) &
	1408	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
	1409	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
	1410	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
	1411	* 1.3_wp ) &
	1412	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
	1413	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
	1414	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
[2938]	1415	ENDIF
	1416
	1417	ENDDO
[2259]	1418	ENDDO
[3347]	1419
[2938]	1420	!
	1421	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
	1422	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
	1423	!-- inflow boundary.
	1424	!-- First, calculate volume flow at xz boundary
	1425	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1426	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[2259]	1427
[2938]	1428	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
	1429	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
	1430	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1431	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1432	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1433	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[2945]	1434	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + v(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dx &
[3038]	1435	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1436	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
	1437
[2945]	1438	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( v(k,j,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1439	* dzw(k) * dx &
[3038]	1440	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1441	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
	1442	ENDDO
	1443	ENDDO
	1444	#if defined( __parallel )
[2945]	1445	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
[2938]	1446	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
[2945]	1447	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
[2938]	1448	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
	1449	#else
	1450	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
	1451	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
	1452	#endif
	1453
	1454	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
	1455
	1456	!
	1457	!-- Add disturbances
	1458	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
	1459
[3186]	1460	DO i = nxl, nxr
[3347]	1461	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1462	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1463	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1464	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
	1465	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1466	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1467	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
[3347]	1468	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
[3186]	1469	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1470	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1471	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
[2938]	1472	ENDDO
	1473	ENDDO
	1474	ENDIF
	1475	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	1476
[3186]	1477	DO i = nxl, nxr
[3347]	1478	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1479	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1480	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[3186]	1481	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
[3347]	1482	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1483	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[3186]	1484	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
[3347]	1485	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1486	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[3186]	1487	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
[2938]	1488	ENDDO
	1489	ENDDO
	1490	ENDIF
[2259]	1491	ENDIF
[3347]	1492	!
	1493	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
	1494	time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
[3885]	1495	!
	1496	!-- Debug location message
	1497	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
	1498	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_main'
	1499	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'end' )
	1500	ENDIF
[2259]	1501
	1502	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1503
	1504	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1505	! Description:
	1506	! ------------
	1507	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
	1508	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
	1509	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
	1510	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
	1511	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
	1512	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2938]	1513	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id )
[2259]	1514
	1515
	1516	USE indices, &
	1517	ONLY: ny
	1518
	1519	IMPLICIT NONE
	1520
[2938]	1521	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
[2259]	1522	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1523	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
	1524	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1525	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1526	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
	1527
	1528	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
	1529	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
	1530	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y2 !< n_y*2
	1531	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
	1532
	1533	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
	1534	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1535	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
	1536
[3347]	1537	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
	1538	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[2938]	1539	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
[2259]	1540	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n !< velocity seed
	1541	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
	1542
	1543
	1544	!
	1545	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
	1546	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
	1547	!-- unit variance.
	1548	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:ny+mergp) )
	1549
	1550	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1551	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
	1552	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( ny+1 ), KIND=wp )
	1553
	1554	DO j = 0, ny
	1555	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1556	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,j) )
	1557	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
	1558	ENDDO
	1559	ENDDO
	1560
	1561	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
	1562
	1563	DO j = 0, ny
	1564	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1565	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) - rand_av
	1566	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j) ** 2
	1567	ENDDO
	1568	ENDDO
	1569
	1570	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv)
	1571
	1572	DO j = 0, ny
	1573	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1574	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) * rand_sigma_inv
	1575	ENDDO
	1576	ENDDO
	1577
	1578	!
	1579	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
	1580	DO j = 0, ny
	1581	DO k = 1, mergp
	1582	rand_it(nzb -k,j) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,j) ! bottom margin
	1583	rand_it(nzt+1+k,j) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,j) ! top margin
	1584	ENDDO
	1585	ENDDO
	1586	DO j = 1, mergp
	1587	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
	1588	rand_it(k, -j) = rand_it(k,ny-j+1) ! south margin
	1589	rand_it(k,ny+j) = rand_it(k, j-1) ! north margin
	1590	ENDDO
	1591	ENDDO
	1592
	1593	!
	1594	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1595	n_y2 = n_y * 2
	1596	n_z2 = n_z * 2
	1597	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	1598
	1599	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2938]	1600	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
[2259]	1601	DO jj = -n_y2(k), n_y2(k)
	1602	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
	1603	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) &
	1604	+ b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
	1605	ENDDO
	1606	ENDDO
	1607	ENDDO
	1608	ENDDO
	1609
	1610	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	1611	!
	1612	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
[2938]	1613	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
	1614	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
[2259]	1615
	1616	#if defined( __parallel )
[2945]	1617	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nysg), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
	1618	f_n(nzb+1,nysg), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, &
[2938]	1619	id, comm1dx, ierr )
[2259]	1620	#else
[2938]	1621	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng)
[2259]	1622	#endif
	1623
	1624
	1625	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
	1626
[2938]	1627
	1628
	1629
	1630	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1631	! Description:
	1632	! ------------
	1633	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
	1634	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
	1635	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
	1636	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
	1637	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
	1638	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1639	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id )
	1640
	1641
	1642	USE indices, &
	1643	ONLY: nx
	1644
	1645
	1646	IMPLICIT NONE
	1647
	1648	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1649	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	1650	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
	1651	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1652	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1653	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
	1654
	1655	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
	1656	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
[3347]	1657	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x2 !< n_x*2
[2938]	1658	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
	1659
	1660	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
	1661	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1662	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
	1663
[3347]	1664	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
	1665	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[2938]	1666	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
	1667	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n !< velocity seed
	1668	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
	1669
	1670
	1671	!
	1672	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
	1673	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
	1674	!-- unit variance.
	1675	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:nx+mergp) )
	1676
	1677	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1678	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
	1679	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( nx+1 ), KIND=wp )
	1680
	1681	DO i = 0, nx
	1682	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1683	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,i) )
	1684	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
	1685	ENDDO
	1686	ENDDO
	1687
	1688	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
	1689
	1690	DO i = 0, nx
	1691	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1692	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) - rand_av
	1693	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i) ** 2
	1694	ENDDO
	1695	ENDDO
	1696
	1697	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv)
	1698
	1699	DO i = 0, nx
	1700	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1701	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) * rand_sigma_inv
	1702	ENDDO
	1703	ENDDO
	1704
	1705	!
	1706	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
	1707	DO i = 0, nx
	1708	DO k = 1, mergp
	1709	rand_it(nzb-k,i) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,i) ! bottom margin
	1710	rand_it(nzt+1+k,i) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,i) ! top margin
	1711	ENDDO
	1712	ENDDO
	1713	DO i = 1, mergp
	1714	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
	1715	rand_it(k,-i) = rand_it(k,nx-i+1) ! left margin
	1716	rand_it(k,nx+i) = rand_it(k,i-1) ! right margin
	1717	ENDDO
	1718	ENDDO
	1719
	1720	!
	1721	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1722	n_x2 = n_x * 2
	1723	n_z2 = n_z * 2
	1724	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	1725
	1726	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1727	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
	1728	DO ii = -n_x2(k), n_x2(k)
	1729	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
	1730	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) &
	1731	+ b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
	1732	ENDDO
	1733	ENDDO
	1734	ENDDO
	1735	ENDDO
	1736
	1737	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	1738
	1739	!
	1740	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
	1741	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
	1742	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
	1743
	1744
	1745	#if defined( __parallel )
[2945]	1746	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxlg), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
[2938]	1747	f_n(nzb+1,nxlg), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
	1748	id, comm1dy, ierr )
	1749	#else
	1750	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg)
	1751	#endif
	1752
	1753
	1754	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
	1755
[3347]	1756	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1757	! Description:
	1758	! ------------
	1759	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
	1760	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
	1761	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
	1762	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
	1763	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1764	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
	1765
	1766	USE arrays_3d, &
	1767	ONLY: zu
	1768
	1769	IMPLICIT NONE
	1770
	1771	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1772
	1773	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
	1774
	1775	!
	1776	!--
	1777	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1778
	1779	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
	1780	!
	1781	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
	1782	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
	1783	!
	1784	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
	1785	!-- to the denominator, else the merge-function can crash if scale_l is
	1786	!-- zero.
	1787	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
[3937]	1788	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ABS( &
[3347]	1789	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
[3937]	1790	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
[3347]	1791	0.0_wp, &
	1792	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
	1793	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
	1794	)
	1795
	1796	r22(k) = r11(k)
	1797	!
	1798	!-- w'w'
	1799	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
	1800	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
	1801	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
	1802	)
	1803	!
	1804	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
	1805	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( &
	1806	1.0_wp - EXP( 3.0_wp * ( zzi - 1.0_wp ) ) &
	1807	)
	1808
	1809	r32(k) = r31(k)
	1810	!
	1811	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
	1812	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
	1813	r21(k) = r31(k)
	1814	!
	1815	!-- Above the boundary layer, assmume laminar flow conditions.
	1816	ELSE
	1817	r11(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1818	r22(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1819	r33(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1820	r21(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1821	r31(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1822	r32(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1823	ENDIF
	1824	ENDDO
	1825
	1826	!
	1827	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	1828	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	1829	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
	1830	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
	1831
	1832	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	1833	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
	1834	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
	1835
	1836
	1837	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
	1838
	1839	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1840	! Description:
	1841	! ------------
	1842	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
	1843	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1844	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	1845
	1846	IMPLICIT NONE
	1847
	1848	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1849
	1850	!
	1851	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
	1852	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1853	IF ( r11(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1854	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
	1855	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
	1856	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
	1857	ELSE
	1858	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1859	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1860	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1861	ENDIF
	1862	ENDDO
	1863	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1864	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
	1865	IF ( a22(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1866	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
	1867	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
	1868	ELSE
	1869	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1870	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1871	ENDIF
	1872	ENDDO
	1873	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1874	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
	1875	IF ( a33(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1876	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
	1877	ELSE
	1878	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1879	ENDIF
	1880	ENDDO
	1881	!
	1882	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	1883	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
	1884	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
	1885	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
	1886	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
	1887	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
	1888	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
	1889
	1890	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	1891
	1892	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1893	! Description:
	1894	! ------------
	1895	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
	1896	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
	1897	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1898	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	1899
	1900	IMPLICIT NONE
	1901
	1902	!
[3885]	1903	!-- Debug location message
	1904	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
	1905	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_adjust'
	1906	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'start' )
	1907	ENDIF
	1908	!
[3347]	1909	!-- Compute mean boundary layer height according to Richardson-Bulk
	1910	!-- criterion using the inflow profiles. Further velocity scale as well as
	1911	!-- mean friction velocity are calculated.
	1912	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	1913	!
	1914	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
	1915	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
	1916	!
	1917	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
	1918	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
	1919	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
	1920	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
	1921	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
	1922	!
	1923	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	1924	!-- (Lund rotation)
	1925	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	1926	!
	1927	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
	1928	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
	1929	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
	1930	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
	1931	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
	1932	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
	1933	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
	1934	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
	1935	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
	1936	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
	1937	!
	1938	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
	1939	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
[3885]	1940	!
	1941	!-- Debug location message
	1942	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
	1943	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_adjust'
	1944	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'end' )
	1945	ENDIF
[3347]	1946
	1947	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	1948
	1949
	1950	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1951	! Description:
	1952	! ------------
	1953	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
	1954	!> from measurements.
	1955	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1956	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
	1957
	1958	USE arrays_3d, &
[3775]	1959	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init
[3347]	1960
	1961	USE grid_variables, &
	1962	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
	1963
	1964	IMPLICIT NONE
	1965
	1966
	1967	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1968
	1969	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< typical length scale
	1970
	1971	!
	1972	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
	1973	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
	1974	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
	1975	!
	1976	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
	1977	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
	1978	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
	1979	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
	1980	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
	1981	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
	1982	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
	1983	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
	1984	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
	1985	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1986
	1987	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, dzw(k) )
	1988
	1989	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
	1990	!
	1991	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
	1992	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
	1993	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
	1994	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	1995	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
	1996	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
	1997	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	1998	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
	1999	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
	2000	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	2001	!
	2002	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
	2003	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
	2004	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
	2005	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
	2006	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
	2007	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
	2008	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
	2009	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
	2010	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
	2011	!
	2012	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
	2013	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 )
	2014	!
	2015	!-- Above the boundary layer length scales are zero, i.e. imposed turbulence
	2016	!-- is not correlated in space and time, just white noise. This saves
	2017	!-- computations power.
	2018	ELSE
	2019	nux(k) = 0.0_wp
	2020	nuy(k) = 0.0_wp
	2021	nuz(k) = 0.0_wp
	2022	nvx(k) = 0.0_wp
	2023	nvy(k) = 0.0_wp
	2024	nvz(k) = 0.0_wp
	2025	nwx(k) = 0.0_wp
	2026	nwy(k) = 0.0_wp
	2027	nwz(k) = 0.0_wp
	2028
	2029	tu(k) = 0.0_wp
	2030	tv(k) = 0.0_wp
	2031	tw(k) = 0.0_wp
	2032	ENDIF
	2033	ENDDO
	2034	!
	2035	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
	2036	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
	2037	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	2038	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	2039	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
	2040	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	2041	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	2042	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
	2043	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	2044	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
	2045
	2046	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
	2047	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
	2048	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
	2049
	2050
	2051	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
	2052
	2053	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2054	! Description:
	2055	! ------------
	2056	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
	2057	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
	2058	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
	2059	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2060	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2061
[3937]	2062	USE arrays_3d, &
	2063	ONLY: drho_air
	2064
[3347]	2065	USE indices, &
	2066	ONLY: nx, ny
	2067
	2068	USE surface_mod, &
[3579]	2069	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[3347]	2070
	2071	IMPLICIT NONE
	2072
	2073	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	2074	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	2075	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	2076	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
	2077
	2078	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
[3937]	2079	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point)
	2080	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean_l !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point) on subdomain
	2081	REAL(wp) :: scale_l_l !< mean Obukhov lenght on subdomain
[3347]	2082	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
	2083	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
	2084	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
	2085
	2086	!
[3937]	2087	!-- Calculate mean friction velocity, velocity scale, heat flux and
	2088	!-- near-surface temperature in the model domain.
	2089	pt_surf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2090	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2091	scale_l_l = 0.0_wp
	2092	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
[3347]	2093	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
[3937]	2094	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
	2095	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
	2096	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	2097	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_def_h(0)%us(m)
	2098	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2099	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_def_h(0)%ol(m)
	2100	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2101	ENDDO
	2102	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
[3937]	2103	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
	2104	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
	2105	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	2106	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_lsm_h%us(m)
	2107	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2108	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_lsm_h%ol(m)
	2109	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2110	ENDDO
	2111	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
[3937]	2112	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
	2113	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
	2114	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	2115	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_usm_h%us(m)
	2116	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2117	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_usm_h%ol(m)
	2118	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2119	ENDDO
	2120
	2121	#if defined( __parallel )
[3937]	2122	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
[3347]	2123	comm2d, ierr )
[3937]	2124	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
[3347]	2125	comm2d, ierr )
[3937]	2126	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( scale_l_l, scale_l, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2127	comm2d, ierr )
	2128	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( pt_surf_mean_l, pt_surf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2129	comm2d, ierr )
[3347]	2130	#else
[3937]	2131	scale_us = friction_vel_l
	2132	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
	2133	scale_l = scale_l_l
	2134	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean_l
[3347]	2135	#endif
	2136
[3937]	2137	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2138	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2139	scale_l = scale_l / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2140	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
[3347]	2141	!
	2142	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
	2143	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
	2144	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3937]	2145	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surf_mean )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
[3347]	2146	ELSE
	2147	w_convective = 0.0_wp
	2148	ENDIF
	2149	!
	2150	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
	2151	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
	2152	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
	2153	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
	2154
	2155	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2156
[2259]	2157	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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