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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 3937

Last change on this file since 3937 was 3937, checked in by suehring, 5 years ago
Move initialization of STG behind initialization of offline nesting; Bugfix in STG in case of very early restart; calculation of scaling parameters used for parametrization of synthetic turbulence profiles improved; in offline nesting, set boundary value at upper-left and upper-south grid points for u- and v-component, respectively
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File size: 83.3 KB

Rev	Line
[2259]	1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[2259]	4	!
[2696]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
[2259]	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
	9	!
[2696]	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
[2259]	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3885]	17	! Copyright 2017-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2259]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	19	!
	20	! Current revisions:
	21	! -----------------
	22	!
[3349]	23	!
[2259]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 3937 2019-04-29 15:09:07Z suehring $
[3937]	27	! Minor bugfix in case of a very early restart where mc_factor is sill not
	28	! present.
	29	! Some modification and fixing of potential bugs in the calculation of scaling
	30	! parameters used for synthetic turbulence parametrization.
	31	!
	32	! 3909 2019-04-17 09:13:25Z suehring
[3909]	33	! Minor bugfix for last commit
	34	!
	35	! 3900 2019-04-16 15:17:43Z suehring
[3900]	36	! Missing re-calculation of perturbation seeds in case of restarts
	37	!
	38	! 3891 2019-04-12 17:52:01Z suehring
[3891]	39	! Bugfix in initialization in case of restart runs.
	40	!
	41	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	42	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	43	! of additional debug messages
	44	!
	45	!
[3775]	46	! removed unused variables
	47	!
	48	! 3719 2019-02-06 13:10:18Z kanani
[3719]	49	! Removed log_point measurement from stg_init, since this part is counted to
	50	! log_point(2) 'initialisation' already. Moved other log_points to calls of
	51	! the subroutines in time_integration for better overview.
	52	!
	53	! 3646 2018-12-28 17:58:49Z kanani
[3646]	54	! Bugfix: use time_since_reference_point instead of simulated_time (relevant
	55	! when using wall/soil spinup)
	56	!
	57	! 3579 2018-11-29 15:32:39Z suehring
[3579]	58	! - Bugfix in calculation of turbulence scaling parameters for turbulence
	59	! generator in case of topography
	60	! - Additional checks implemented - no STG in RANS-RANS nesting or LES-LES
	61	! nesting
	62	!
	63	! 3376 2018-10-19 10:15:32Z suehring
[3376]	64	! Error messages and numbers reivsed.
	65	!
	66	! 3349 2018-10-15 16:39:41Z suehring
[3349]	67	! Fix for format descriptor
	68	!
	69	! 3348 2018-10-15 14:30:51Z suehring
[3347]	70	! - Revise structure of init routine
	71	! - introduce new parameters to skip STG for some timesteps
	72	! - introduce time-dependent parametrization of Reynolds-stress tensor
	73	! - Bugfix in allocation of mean_inflow_profiles
	74	!
	75	! 3341 2018-10-15 10:31:27Z suehring
[3289]	76	! Introduce module parameter for number of inflow profiles
	77	!
	78	! 3288 2018-09-28 10:23:08Z suehring
[3274]	79	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
	80	!
	81	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
[3248]	82	! Minor formating changes
	83	!
	84	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
[3246]	85	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
	86	!
	87	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
[3241]	88	! unused variables removed
	89	!
	90	! 3186 2018-07-30 17:07:14Z suehring
[3186]	91	! Mask topography while imposing inflow perturbations at the boundaries; do not
	92	! impose perturbations at top boundary as well as ghost points
	93	!
	94	! 3183 2018-07-27 14:25:55Z suehring
[3183]	95	! Rename variables and extend error message
	96	! Enable geneartor also for stretched grids
	97	!
	98	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
[3065]	99	! Error message related to vertical stretching has been added, dz was replaced
	100	! by dz(1)
	101	!
	102	! 3051 2018-05-30 17:43:55Z suehring
[3051]	103	! Bugfix in calculation of initial Reynolds-stress tensor.
[3049]	104	!
	105	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3051]	106	! Error messages revised
[3045]	107	!
	108	! 3044 2018-05-25 10:59:41Z gronemeier
[3044]	109	! Add missing variable descriptions
	110	!
	111	! 3038 2018-05-24 10:54:00Z gronemeier
[3038]	112	! updated variable descriptions
	113	!
	114	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
[2967]	115	! bugfix: missing parallel cpp-directives added
[3038]	116	!
[2967]	117	! 2946 2018-04-04 17:01:23Z suehring
[2946]	118	! Remove unused module load
[3038]	119	!
[2946]	120	! 2945 2018-04-04 16:27:14Z suehring
[3038]	121	! - Bugfix in parallelization of synthetic turbulence generator in case the
	122	! z-dimension is not an integral divisor of the number of processors along
[2945]	123	! the x- and y-dimension
[3038]	124	! - Revision in control mimic in case of RAN-LES nesting
	125	!
[2945]	126	! 2938 2018-03-27 15:52:42Z suehring
[3038]	127	! Apply turbulence generator at all non-cyclic lateral boundaries in case of
	128	! realistic Inifor large-scale forcing or RANS-LES nesting
	129	!
[2938]	130	! 2936 2018-03-27 14:49:27Z suehring
[3038]	131	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was found,
	132	! reading of restart strings has been moved completely to read_restart_data_mod,
	133	! redundant skipping function has been removed, stg_read/write_restart_data
	134	! have been renamed to stg_r/wrd_global, stg_rrd_global is called in
[2894]	135	! read_restart_data_mod now, flag syn_turb_gen_prerun and marker *** end stg
[3038]	136	! *** have been removed (Giersch), strings and their respective lengths are
	137	! written out and read now in case of restart runs to get rid of prescribed
	138	! character lengths (Giersch), CASE DEFAULT was added if restart data is read
	139	!
[2894]	140	! 2841 2018-02-27 15:02:57Z suehring
[2841]	141	! Bugfix: wrong placement of include 'mpif.h' corrected
[3038]	142	!
[2841]	143	! 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z Giersch
[3038]	144	! The variables synthetic_turbulence_generator and
[2836]	145	! use_synthetic_turbulence_generator have been abbreviated + syn_turb_gen_prerun
	146	! flag is used to define if module related parameters were outputted as restart
[3038]	147	! data
	148	!
[2776]	149	! 2716 2017-12-29 16:35:59Z kanani
[2716]	150	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[3038]	151	!
[2716]	152	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	153	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	154	!
	155	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	156	! unit number for file containing turbulence generator data changed to 90
	157	! bugfix: preprocessor directives added for MPI specific code
[3038]	158	!
[2669]	159	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
[3038]	160	! Definition of a new function called stg_skip_global to skip module
[2576]	161	! parameters during reading restart data
[3038]	162	!
[2576]	163	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
[2563]	164	! stg_read_restart_data is called in stg_parin in the case of a restart run
[3038]	165	!
[2563]	166	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
[2259]	167	! Initial revision
	168	!
	169	!
[3038]	170	!
[2259]	171	! Authors:
	172	! --------
[3347]	173	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
	174	!
[2259]	175	!
	176	!
	177	! Description:
	178	! ------------
	179	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
	180	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
	181	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
	182	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
	183	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
	184	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
[3347]	185	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
	186	!> within the boundary layer.
[2259]	187	!>
	188	!> @todo test restart
	189	!> enable cyclic_fill
	190	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
[2945]	191	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
[2259]	192	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
	193	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
	194	!> must match with current PALM grid.
	195	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
	196	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
	197	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	198	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
	199
	200
	201	USE arrays_3d, &
[3347]	202	ONLY: mean_inflow_profiles, q, pt, u, v, w, zu, zw
[2259]	203
[3274]	204	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
[3347]	205	ONLY: g, kappa, pi
[2259]	206
	207	USE control_parameters, &
[3885]	208	ONLY: debug_output, &
	209	debug_string, &
	210	initializing_actions, &
	211	message_string, &
	212	num_mean_inflow_profiles, &
[3288]	213	syn_turb_gen
[2259]	214
	215	USE indices, &
[2938]	216	ONLY: nbgp, nzb, nzt, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nys, nyn, nyng, nysg
[2259]	217
	218	USE kinds
	219
[2967]	220	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
[2259]	221	USE MPI
[2841]	222	#endif
[2259]	223
[3347]	224	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
	225	ONLY: zi_ribulk
	226
[2259]	227	USE pegrid, &
[2938]	228	ONLY: comm1dx, comm1dy, comm2d, ierr, myidx, myidy, pdims
[2259]	229
	230	USE transpose_indices, &
	231	ONLY: nzb_x, nzt_x
	232
	233
	234	IMPLICIT NONE
	235
[2967]	236	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
[2841]	237	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
	238	#endif
	239
[3182]	240
[3347]	241	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
	242	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
	243	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
[2259]	244
[3038]	245	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	246	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	247	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	248	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
[2938]	249	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
	250	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
	251	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
	252	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
	253	INTEGER(iwp) :: merg !< maximum length scale (in gp)
	254	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< merg + nbgp
[3038]	255	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	256	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	257	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
	258	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
[2259]	259
[3347]	260	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	261	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
	262	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	263	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
	264	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
	265	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
	266	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
	267	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
	268	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
	269	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
	270	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
	271	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
	272	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
	273	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed !< seed of random number for rn-generator
[2259]	274
[3347]	275	REAL(wp) :: cosmo_ref = 10.0_wp !< height of first vertical grid level in mesoscale model, used for calculation of scaling parameters
	276	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
	277	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 5.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
[3937]	278	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor = 1.0_wp !< mass flux correction factor
[3347]	279	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
	280	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
	281	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
	282	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
	283	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
	284
	285
	286	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
	287	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
	288	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
	289	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
	290	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
	291	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
	292
	293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
	300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
	301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
[2259]	302
[3347]	303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
	304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
	305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
	306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
	307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
	308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
	309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
	310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
	311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
	312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
	313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
	314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
	315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
	316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
	317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
	318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
	319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
	320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
	321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
	322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
	323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
	324
	325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
	326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
[2259]	327
	328	!
	329	!-- PALM interfaces:
[3347]	330	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
	331	INTERFACE stg_adjust
	332	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
	333	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
	334	!
[2259]	335	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
	336	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	337	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
	338	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	339
	340	!
	341	!-- Calculate filter functions
	342	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	343	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
	344	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	345
	346	!
[2938]	347	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
	348	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	349	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
	350	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	351	!
	352	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
[2259]	353	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	354	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
	355	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	356
	357	!
	358	!-- Output of information to the header file
	359	INTERFACE stg_header
	360	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
	361	END INTERFACE stg_header
	362
	363	!
	364	!-- Initialization actions
	365	INTERFACE stg_init
	366	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
	367	END INTERFACE stg_init
	368
	369	!
	370	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
	371	INTERFACE stg_main
	372	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
	373	END INTERFACE stg_main
	374
	375	!
	376	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
	377	INTERFACE stg_parin
	378	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
	379	END INTERFACE stg_parin
	380
	381	!
	382	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
[2894]	383	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
	384	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global
	385	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
[2259]	386
	387	!
	388	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
[2894]	389	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
	390	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
	391	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	392
	393	SAVE
	394
	395	PRIVATE
	396
	397	!
	398	!-- Public interfaces
[3347]	399	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
	400	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
[2259]	401
	402	!
	403	!-- Public variables
[3347]	404	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
	405	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
	406	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	407
	408
	409	CONTAINS
	410
	411
	412	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	413	! Description:
	414	! ------------
	415	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
	416	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	417	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	418
	419
	420	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	421	ONLY: bc_lr, bc_ns, child_domain, nesting_offline, rans_mode, &
	422	turbulent_inflow
[2259]	423
[2938]	424	USE pmc_interface, &
	425	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[2259]	426
[2938]	427
[2259]	428	IMPLICIT NONE
	429
[3182]	430	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
	431	nesting_offline ) THEN
[3376]	432	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
	433	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates ' // &
	434	'in LES mode.'
	435	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	436	ENDIF
	437
[3182]	438	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
[2938]	439	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
[3376]	440	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
[2938]	441	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
	442	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
[3376]	443	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	444	ENDIF
	445
[2776]	446	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	447
[3579]	448	IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
	449	.NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	450	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
	451	'is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.'
	452	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	453
	454	ENDIF
	455
	456	IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. &
	457	rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	458	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
	459	'is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.'
	460	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	461
	462	ENDIF
	463
[3182]	464	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	465
[2938]	466	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
	467	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
	468	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3579]	469	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
	470	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
	471	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	472	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	473	ENDIF
	474
	475	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
	476	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3347]	477	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
	478	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	479	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	480	ENDIF
	481	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
	482	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3579]	483	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
[3347]	484	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	485	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	486	ENDIF
	487
[2259]	488	ENDIF
	489
	490	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
	491	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[2938]	492	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
	493	'is not allowed'
[2259]	494	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	495	ENDIF
	496
	497	ENDIF
	498
	499	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	500
	501
	502	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	503	! Description:
	504	! ------------
	505	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
	506	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	507	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
	508
	509
	510	IMPLICIT NONE
	511
	512	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	513
	514	!
	515	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
	516	WRITE( io, 1 )
[2776]	517	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	518	WRITE( io, 2 )
	519	ELSE
	520	WRITE( io, 3 )
	521	ENDIF
[3347]	522
	523	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
	524	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
	525	ELSE
	526	WRITE( io, 5 )
	527	ENDIF
[2259]	528
	529	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
	530	' ------------------------------------------'/)
[3347]	531	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
	532	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
[3348]	533	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
[3347]	534	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
[2259]	535
	536	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
	537
	538
	539	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	540	! Description:
	541	! ------------
	542	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
	543	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	544	SUBROUTINE stg_init
	545
	546
	547	USE arrays_3d, &
[3775]	548	ONLY: ddzw, u_init, v_init
[2259]	549
	550	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	551	ONLY: child_domain, coupling_char, e_init, nesting_offline, rans_mode
[2259]	552
	553	USE grid_variables, &
[3775]	554	ONLY: ddy
[2259]	555
[2938]	556	USE indices, &
	557	ONLY: nz
[2259]	558
[2945]	559	USE pmc_interface, &
	560	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[2938]	561
[2945]	562
[2259]	563	IMPLICIT NONE
	564
[3347]	565	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
[2938]	566
[2669]	567	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	568	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
	569	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
[2669]	570	#endif
[2259]	571
[2938]	572	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
[2259]	573	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
	574	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
	575	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
	576	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
	577	INTEGER(iwp) :: nseed !< dimension of random number seed
	578	INTEGER(iwp) :: startseed = 1234567890 !< start seed for random number generator
	579
	580	!
	581	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
	582	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
	583	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
	584	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
	585	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
	586	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
	587	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
	588	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
	589	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
	590	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
	591	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
[3038]	592	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
[2259]	593	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
	594
[2938]	595
[2259]	596	#if defined( __parallel )
	597	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	598	#endif
	599
[2669]	600	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	601	!
[2938]	602	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
	603	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
[2945]	604	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
	605	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
[2938]	606
[3038]	607	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
[2945]	608	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
[2938]	609
[3182]	610	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	611	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2938]	612	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
[2945]	613	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
	614	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
[2938]	615
[2945]	616	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
[3038]	617	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
[2938]	618	ENDIF
	619
	620	!
[2259]	621	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
	622	!-- velocity seeds
	623	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
	624	extent = 1 * realsize
[2938]	625	!
[3038]	626	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
	627	!-- layer
[2938]	628	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
[2259]	629	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
	630	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	631	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
	632	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
	633	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	634
[2938]	635	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
[2945]	636	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyng-nysg+1], &
[2259]	637	[1,nyng-nysg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	638	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
	639	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
	640	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	641
	642	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
[2938]	643	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
[2259]	644
[2938]	645	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
	646	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
[2259]	647
	648	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
[2938]	649	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
[2259]	650	ENDDO
[2938]	651	!
[3038]	652	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
	653	!-- layer
[2938]	654	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
[3182]	655	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	656	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2945]	657	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
[2938]	658	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	659	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
	660	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
	661	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	662
	663	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
[2945]	664	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxrg-nxlg+1], &
[2938]	665	[1,nxrg-nxlg+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	666	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	667	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	668	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	669
	670	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
	671	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
	672
	673	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
	674	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
	675
	676	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
	677	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
	678	ENDDO
	679
	680	ENDIF
	681
[2669]	682	#endif
[2259]	683	!
	684	!-- Define seed of random number
	685	CALL RANDOM_SEED()
	686	CALL RANDOM_SEED( size=nseed )
	687	ALLOCATE( seed(1:nseed) )
	688	DO j = 1, nseed
	689	seed(j) = startseed + j
	690	ENDDO
	691	CALL RANDOM_SEED(put=seed)
[3347]	692	!
	693	!-- Allocate required arrays
	694	!-- mean_inflow profiles must not be allocated in offline nesting
	695	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	696	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) &
	697	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
	698	ENDIF
[2259]	699
[3347]	700	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	701	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	702	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	703	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	704	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	705	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	706	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	707	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
	708
	709	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg,3) )
	710	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,3) )
	711	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
	712	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
	713	!
[2259]	714	!-- Read inflow profile
	715	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
	716	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
	717	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
	718	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
[2938]	719	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	720	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
[2259]	721
[2938]	722	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
[2259]	723
[2938]	724	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
	725	FORM='FORMATTED')
	726	!
	727	!-- Skip header
	728	READ( 90, * )
[2259]	729
[3182]	730	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
[2938]	731	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
	732	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
	733	d1, d2, d3, d5
	734
[2259]	735	!
[3182]	736	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
[2938]	737	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
[3182]	738	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	739	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
[3182]	740	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	741	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
[3182]	742	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	743	!
	744	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
	745	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
	746	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
	747	nux(k) = nuy(k)
	748	!
	749	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
	750	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	751	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
	752	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
	753	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
	754	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
	755	ENDIF
	756	ENDDO
[3182]	757	!
	758	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
	759	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	760	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	761	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	762	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	763	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	764	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
	765
[2938]	766	CLOSE( 90 )
[3347]	767	!
	768	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	769	!-- (Lund rotation)
	770	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	771	!
	772	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
	773	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
	774	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
	775	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
	776	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
	777	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
[2938]	778	ELSE
[2259]	779	!
[3347]	780	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
	781	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
	782	!
	783	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
	784	!-- scales
	785	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	786	!
	787	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
	788	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
	789	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
[3891]	790	!
	791	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
	792	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
	793	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
	794	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
	795	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
	796	!
	797	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	798	!-- (Lund rotation)
	799	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
[3347]	800
[2938]	801	ENDIF
	802
[2259]	803	!
[3347]	804	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
	805	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
	806	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
[3182]	807	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[2938]	808	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
	809	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
	810	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
	811	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
	812	ENDIF
[3347]	813
[2938]	814	!
[2259]	815	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
	816	merg = 0
	817
	818	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
	819	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[2938]	820	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
	821	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
	822	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
[2259]	823	IF ( j > merg ) merg = j
	824	ENDDO
	825
	826	merg = 2 * merg
	827	mergp = merg + nbgp
	828
[2938]	829	ALLOCATE ( bux(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	830	buy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	831	buz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	832	bvx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	833	bvy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	834	bvz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	835	bwx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	836	bwy(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1), &
	837	bwz(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) )
[2259]	838
	839	!
[2938]	840	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
	841	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
	842	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
	843	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
[2259]	844
[2938]	845	!
	846	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
	847	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
	848	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
	849	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
[2259]	850
[2938]	851	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
	852	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
	853	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
	854	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
	855	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
	856	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
	857
	858	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
	859	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
	860	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
	861	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
	862	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
	863	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
	864
[2259]	865	!
	866	!-- Create filter functions
[2938]	867	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
[2259]	868	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
	869	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
[2938]	870	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
[2259]	871	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
	872	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
[2938]	873	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
[2259]	874	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
	875	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
	876
	877	#if defined( __parallel )
	878	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	879	#endif
	880
	881	!
[2938]	882	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
	883	! time step.
	884	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
	885	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
[2259]	886	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
[2938]	887	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
	888
	889	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
	890	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	891
[2259]	892	DO j = nysg, nyng
	893	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	894	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[2938]	895	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
[2259]	896	ELSE
[2938]	897	fu_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
[2259]	898	ENDIF
	899
	900	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[2938]	901	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
	902	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
[2259]	903	ELSE
[2938]	904	fv_yz(k,j) = 0._wp
[2259]	905	ENDIF
	906
	907	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[2938]	908	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - &
	909	a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
[2259]	910	ELSE
[2938]	911	fw_yz = 0._wp
[2259]	912	ENDIF
	913
	914	ENDDO
	915	ENDDO
	916	ENDIF
[3900]	917
	918	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	919
	920	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = -1
	921	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	922
	923	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	924	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	925
	926	IF ( a11(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
	927	fu_xz(k,i) = ( u(k,j,i) / mc_factor - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
	928	ELSE
	929	fu_xz(k,i) = 0._wp
	930	ENDIF
	931
	932	IF ( a22(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[3909]	933	fv_xz(k,i) = ( v(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - &
[3900]	934	v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
	935	ELSE
	936	fv_xz(k,i) = 0._wp
	937	ENDIF
	938
	939	IF ( a33(k) .NE. 0._wp ) THEN
[3909]	940	fw_xz(k,i) = ( w(k,j,i) / mc_factor - a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - &
	941	a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ) / a33(k)
[3900]	942	ELSE
	943	fw_xz = 0._wp
	944	ENDIF
	945
	946	ENDDO
	947	ENDDO
	948	ENDIF
[2259]	949	ENDIF
	950
	951	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
	952
	953
	954	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	955	! Description:
	956	! ------------
	957	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
	958	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
	959	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	960	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
	961
	962
	963	IMPLICIT NONE
	964
	965	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
	966	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
	967	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k2 !< n_k * 2
	968	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
	969
	970	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
	971	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
	972
	973	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:) :: nxx(nzb:nzt+1) !< length scale (in gp)
	974
	975	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:) :: bxx(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) !< filter function
	976
	977
	978	bxx = 0.0_wp
	979
	980	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	981	bdenom = 0.0_wp
	982	n_k = nxx(k)
	983	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
	984	n_k2 = n_k * 2
	985
	986	!
	987	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
	988	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
	989	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
	990	ENDDO
	991
	992	!
	993	!-- ( Eq.9 )
	994	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
	995	DO nf = -n_k2, n_k2
	996	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
	997	ENDDO
	998	ENDIF
	999	ENDDO
	1000
[3347]	1001	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
[2259]	1002
	1003
	1004	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1005	! Description:
	1006	! ------------
	1007	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
	1008	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1009	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	1010
	1011
	1012	IMPLICIT NONE
	1013
	1014	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1015
	1016
[3347]	1017	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, dt_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1018
	1019	line = ' '
	1020
	1021	!
	1022	!-- Try to find stg package
	1023	REWIND ( 11 )
	1024	line = ' '
	1025	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1026	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
[2259]	1027	ENDDO
	1028	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1029
	1030	!
	1031	!-- Read namelist
[3246]	1032	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
[2259]	1033
	1034	!
	1035	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
	1036	!-- on
[2776]	1037	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
[3246]	1038	GOTO 20
[2259]	1039
[3246]	1040	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1041	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1042	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
[2563]	1043
[3246]	1044	20 CONTINUE
[2259]	1045
	1046	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	1047
	1048
	1049	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1050	! Description:
	1051	! ------------
[2894]	1052	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
[2576]	1053	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	1054	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global( found )
[2576]	1055
	1056
[2894]	1057	USE control_parameters, &
	1058	ONLY: length, restart_string
[2576]	1059
	1060
[2894]	1061	IMPLICIT NONE
[2576]	1062
[3044]	1063	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
[2259]	1064
	1065
[2894]	1066	found = .TRUE.
[2259]	1067
[3038]	1068
[2894]	1069	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
[2259]	1070
[2894]	1071	CASE ( 'mc_factor' )
	1072	READ ( 13 ) mc_factor
	1073	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1074	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1075
[2894]	1076	CASE DEFAULT
[2259]	1077
[3038]	1078	found = .FALSE.
[2259]	1079
[2894]	1080	END SELECT
[2259]	1081
	1082
[2894]	1083	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global
[2259]	1084
	1085
	1086	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1087	! Description:
	1088	! ------------
	1089	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
	1090	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	1091	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1092
	1093
	1094	IMPLICIT NONE
	1095
[2894]	1096	CALL wrd_write_string( 'mc_factor' )
[2259]	1097	WRITE ( 14 ) mc_factor
	1098
[2894]	1099	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1100	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1101
	1102
[2894]	1103	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1104
[2894]	1105
[2259]	1106	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1107	! Description:
	1108	! ------------
	1109	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
	1110	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
	1111	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
	1112	!> (Lund, 1998).
	1113	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1114	SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1115
	1116
	1117	USE arrays_3d, &
	1118	ONLY: dzw
	1119
	1120	USE control_parameters, &
[3775]	1121	ONLY: child_domain, dt_3d, &
[3646]	1122	nesting_offline, rans_mode, time_since_reference_point, &
	1123	volume_flow_initial
[2259]	1124
[2938]	1125	USE grid_variables, &
	1126	ONLY: dx, dy
	1127
[2259]	1128	USE indices, &
[2938]	1129	ONLY: wall_flags_0
[2259]	1130
[2945]	1131	USE pmc_interface, &
	1132	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[2259]	1133
[2945]	1134
[2259]	1135	IMPLICIT NONE
	1136
[2938]	1137	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
[2259]	1138	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1139	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1140
	1141	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
	1142	REAL(wp) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
[2938]	1143	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow !< mass flux through lateral boundary
	1144	REAL(wp) :: volume_flow_l !< local mass flux through lateral boundary
[2259]	1145
	1146	!
[3885]	1147	!-- Debug location message
	1148	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
	1149	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_main'
	1150	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'start' )
	1151	ENDIF
	1152	!
[2259]	1153	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
[3775]	1154	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call )
[2259]	1155	!
	1156	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
[3646]	1157	IF ( time_since_reference_point == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
[2938]	1158	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
	1159	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
	1160	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
	1161
[3182]	1162	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	1163	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2938]	1164	!
	1165	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
	1166	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_right )
	1167	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_right )
	1168	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_right )
	1169	!
	1170	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
	1171	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_north )
	1172	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_north )
	1173	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_north )
	1174	!
	1175	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
	1176	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south )
	1177	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south )
	1178	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south )
	1179	ENDIF
[2259]	1180	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
	1181	ENDIF
[3347]	1182
[2259]	1183	!
	1184	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw
[2938]	1185	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1186	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1187	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
[3347]	1188
[3182]	1189	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
[3347]	1190	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
[2938]	1191	!
[3347]	1192	!-- Generate turbulence at right boundary
	1193	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_right )
	1194	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_right )
	1195	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_right )
[2938]	1196	!
[3347]	1197	!-- Generate turbulence at north boundary
	1198	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_north )
	1199	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_north )
	1200	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_north )
[2938]	1201	!
[3347]	1202	!-- Generate turbulence at south boundary
	1203	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south )
	1204	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south )
	1205	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south )
[2938]	1206	ENDIF
[3347]	1207
[2938]	1208	!
	1209	!-- Turbulence generation at left and or right boundary
	1210	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[3347]	1211
[2259]	1212	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1213	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
	1214	!
	1215	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1216	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2938]	1217	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
[2259]	1218	ELSE
[3347]	1219	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
[2938]	1220	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
[2259]	1221	ENDIF
	1222
	1223	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2938]	1224	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
[2259]	1225	ELSE
[3347]	1226	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
[2938]	1227	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
[2259]	1228	ENDIF
	1229
	1230	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2938]	1231	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
[2259]	1232	ELSE
[3347]	1233	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
[2938]	1234	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
[2259]	1235	ENDIF
	1236	!
	1237	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1238	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1239	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
[2938]	1240	dist_yz(k,j,1) = 0.0_wp
	1241	dist_yz(k,j,2) = 0.0_wp
	1242	dist_yz(k,j,3) = 0.0_wp
[2259]	1243	ELSE
[3347]	1244	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp )
[2259]	1245	!experimental test of 1.2
[3347]	1246	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
	1247	* 1.2_wp ) &
	1248	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
	1249	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
	1250	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
	1251	* 1.3_wp ) &
	1252	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
	1253	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
	1254	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp )
[2259]	1255	ENDIF
	1256
	1257	ENDDO
	1258	ENDDO
	1259
	1260	!
	1261	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
	1262	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
	1263	!-- inflow boundary
[3182]	1264	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[2938]	1265	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1266	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1267	DO j = nys, nyn
	1268	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1269	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + dzw(k) * &
	1270	( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) )
	1271	ENDDO
[2259]	1272	ENDDO
	1273
	1274	#if defined( __parallel )
[3347]	1275	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	1276	comm1dy, ierr )
[2259]	1277	#else
[2938]	1278	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
[2259]	1279	#endif
	1280
[2938]	1281	mc_factor = volume_flow_initial(1) / mc_factor
[2259]	1282
	1283	!
[2938]	1284	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
	1285	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1286	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1287	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
	1288	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * mc_factor
	1289	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
	1290	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * mc_factor
	1291	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * mc_factor
	1292	ENDDO
[2259]	1293	ENDDO
[2938]	1294
	1295	ELSE
	1296	!
	1297	!-- First, calculate volume flow at yz boundary
	1298	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1299	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1300
	1301	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
	1302	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
	1303	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1304	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1305	DO j = nys, nyn
	1306	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1307	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + u(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dy &
[3038]	1308	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1309	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	1310
	1311	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( u(k,j,i) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1312	* dzw(k) * dy &
[3038]	1313	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1314	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	1315	ENDDO
	1316	ENDDO
	1317	#if defined( __parallel )
	1318	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
	1319	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1320	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
	1321	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1322	#else
	1323	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
	1324	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
	1325	#endif
	1326
	1327	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
	1328
	1329	!
	1330	!-- Add disturbances
	1331	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
[3186]	1332	DO j = nys, nyn
[3347]	1333	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1334	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1335	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1336	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
[3347]	1337	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
[3186]	1338	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
	1339	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1340	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
	1341	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
	1342	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1343	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
[2938]	1344	ENDDO
	1345	ENDDO
	1346	ENDIF
	1347	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[3186]	1348	DO j = nys, nyn
[3347]	1349	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1350	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1351	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1352	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
	1353	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
	1354	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1355	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
	1356	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
	1357	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1358	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
[2938]	1359	ENDDO
	1360	ENDDO
	1361	ENDIF
	1362	ENDIF
	1363
	1364	ENDIF
	1365	!
	1366	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
	1367	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
[3347]	1368
[2938]	1369	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1370	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
	1371	!
	1372	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1373	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1374	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
	1375	ELSE
	1376	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
	1377	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
	1378	ENDIF
	1379
	1380	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1381	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
	1382	ELSE
	1383	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
[3347]	1384	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
[2938]	1385	ENDIF
[3347]	1386
[2938]	1387	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1388	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
	1389	ELSE
	1390	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
[3347]	1391	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
[2938]	1392	ENDIF
	1393	!
	1394	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1395	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1396	IF( k == 0 ) THEN
	1397	dist_xz(k,i,1) = 0.0_wp
	1398	dist_xz(k,i,2) = 0.0_wp
	1399	dist_xz(k,i,3) = 0.0_wp
	1400
	1401	ELSE
[3347]	1402	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp )
[2938]	1403	!experimental test of 1.2
[3347]	1404	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
	1405	* 1.2_wp ) &
	1406	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
	1407	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
	1408	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
	1409	* 1.3_wp ) &
	1410	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
	1411	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
	1412	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp )
[2938]	1413	ENDIF
	1414
	1415	ENDDO
[2259]	1416	ENDDO
[3347]	1417
[2938]	1418	!
	1419	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
	1420	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
	1421	!-- inflow boundary.
	1422	!-- First, calculate volume flow at xz boundary
	1423	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1424	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[2259]	1425
[2938]	1426	volume_flow_l = 0.0_wp
	1427	volume_flow = 0.0_wp
	1428	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1429	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1430	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1431	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[2945]	1432	volume_flow_l = volume_flow_l + v(k,j,i) * dzw(k) * dx &
[3038]	1433	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1434	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
	1435
[2945]	1436	mc_factor_l = mc_factor_l + ( v(k,j,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1437	* dzw(k) * dx &
[3038]	1438	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2938]	1439	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
	1440	ENDDO
	1441	ENDDO
	1442	#if defined( __parallel )
[2945]	1443	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_l, volume_flow, &
[2938]	1444	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
[2945]	1445	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
[2938]	1446	1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
	1447	#else
	1448	volume_flow = volume_flow_l
	1449	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
	1450	#endif
	1451
	1452	mc_factor = volume_flow / mc_factor
	1453
	1454	!
	1455	!-- Add disturbances
	1456	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
	1457
[3186]	1458	DO i = nxl, nxr
[3347]	1459	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1460	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1461	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1462	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
	1463	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1464	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1465	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
[3347]	1466	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
[3186]	1467	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1468	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	1469	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
[2938]	1470	ENDDO
	1471	ENDDO
	1472	ENDIF
	1473	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	1474
[3186]	1475	DO i = nxl, nxr
[3347]	1476	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1477	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1478	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[3186]	1479	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
[3347]	1480	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1481	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[3186]	1482	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
[3347]	1483	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1484	* mc_factor * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[3186]	1485	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
[2938]	1486	ENDDO
	1487	ENDDO
	1488	ENDIF
[2259]	1489	ENDIF
[3347]	1490	!
	1491	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
	1492	time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
[3885]	1493	!
	1494	!-- Debug location message
	1495	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
	1496	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_main'
	1497	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'end' )
	1498	ENDIF
[2259]	1499
	1500	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1501
	1502	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1503	! Description:
	1504	! ------------
	1505	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
	1506	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
	1507	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
	1508	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
	1509	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
	1510	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2938]	1511	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id )
[2259]	1512
	1513
	1514	USE indices, &
	1515	ONLY: ny
	1516
	1517	IMPLICIT NONE
	1518
[2938]	1519	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
[2259]	1520	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1521	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
	1522	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1523	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1524	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
	1525
	1526	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
	1527	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
	1528	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y2 !< n_y*2
	1529	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
	1530
	1531	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
	1532	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1533	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
	1534
[3347]	1535	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
	1536	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[2938]	1537	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
[2259]	1538	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) :: f_n !< velocity seed
	1539	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
	1540
	1541
	1542	!
	1543	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
	1544	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
	1545	!-- unit variance.
	1546	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:ny+mergp) )
	1547
	1548	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1549	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
	1550	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( ny+1 ), KIND=wp )
	1551
	1552	DO j = 0, ny
	1553	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1554	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,j) )
	1555	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
	1556	ENDDO
	1557	ENDDO
	1558
	1559	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
	1560
	1561	DO j = 0, ny
	1562	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1563	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) - rand_av
	1564	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j) ** 2
	1565	ENDDO
	1566	ENDDO
	1567
	1568	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv)
	1569
	1570	DO j = 0, ny
	1571	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1572	rand_it(k,j) = rand_it(k,j) * rand_sigma_inv
	1573	ENDDO
	1574	ENDDO
	1575
	1576	!
	1577	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
	1578	DO j = 0, ny
	1579	DO k = 1, mergp
	1580	rand_it(nzb -k,j) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,j) ! bottom margin
	1581	rand_it(nzt+1+k,j) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,j) ! top margin
	1582	ENDDO
	1583	ENDDO
	1584	DO j = 1, mergp
	1585	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
	1586	rand_it(k, -j) = rand_it(k,ny-j+1) ! south margin
	1587	rand_it(k,ny+j) = rand_it(k, j-1) ! north margin
	1588	ENDDO
	1589	ENDDO
	1590
	1591	!
	1592	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1593	n_y2 = n_y * 2
	1594	n_z2 = n_z * 2
	1595	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	1596
	1597	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2938]	1598	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
[2259]	1599	DO jj = -n_y2(k), n_y2(k)
	1600	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
	1601	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) &
	1602	+ b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
	1603	ENDDO
	1604	ENDDO
	1605	ENDDO
	1606	ENDDO
	1607
	1608	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	1609	!
	1610	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
[2938]	1611	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
	1612	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
[2259]	1613
	1614	#if defined( __parallel )
[2945]	1615	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nysg), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
	1616	f_n(nzb+1,nysg), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, &
[2938]	1617	id, comm1dx, ierr )
[2259]	1618	#else
[2938]	1619	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nysg:nyng)
[2259]	1620	#endif
	1621
	1622
	1623	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
	1624
[2938]	1625
	1626
	1627
	1628	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1629	! Description:
	1630	! ------------
	1631	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
	1632	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
	1633	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
	1634	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
	1635	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
	1636	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1637	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id )
	1638
	1639
	1640	USE indices, &
	1641	ONLY: nx
	1642
	1643
	1644	IMPLICIT NONE
	1645
	1646	INTEGER(iwp) :: id !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1647	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	1648	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
	1649	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1650	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1651	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
	1652
	1653	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
	1654	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
[3347]	1655	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x2 !< n_x*2
[2938]	1656	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z2 !< n_z*2
	1657
	1658	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
	1659	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1660	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
	1661
[3347]	1662	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
	1663	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-merg:merg,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[2938]	1664	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
	1665	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) :: f_n !< velocity seed
	1666	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< random number
	1667
	1668
	1669	!
	1670	!-- Generate random numbers using a seed generated in stg_init.
	1671	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
	1672	!-- unit variance.
	1673	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp:nx+mergp) )
	1674
	1675	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1676	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
	1677	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt+1 - nzb+1 ) * ( nx+1 ), KIND=wp )
	1678
	1679	DO i = 0, nx
	1680	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1681	CALL RANDOM_NUMBER( rand_it(k,i) )
	1682	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
	1683	ENDDO
	1684	ENDDO
	1685
	1686	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
	1687
	1688	DO i = 0, nx
	1689	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1690	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) - rand_av
	1691	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i) ** 2
	1692	ENDDO
	1693	ENDDO
	1694
	1695	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT(rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv)
	1696
	1697	DO i = 0, nx
	1698	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1699	rand_it(k,i) = rand_it(k,i) * rand_sigma_inv
	1700	ENDDO
	1701	ENDDO
	1702
	1703	!
	1704	!-- Periodic fill of random number in space
	1705	DO i = 0, nx
	1706	DO k = 1, mergp
	1707	rand_it(nzb-k,i) = rand_it(nzt+2-k,i) ! bottom margin
	1708	rand_it(nzt+1+k,i) = rand_it(nzb+k-1,i) ! top margin
	1709	ENDDO
	1710	ENDDO
	1711	DO i = 1, mergp
	1712	DO k = nzb-mergp, nzt+1+mergp
	1713	rand_it(k,-i) = rand_it(k,nx-i+1) ! left margin
	1714	rand_it(k,nx+i) = rand_it(k,i-1) ! right margin
	1715	ENDDO
	1716	ENDDO
	1717
	1718	!
	1719	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1720	n_x2 = n_x * 2
	1721	n_z2 = n_z * 2
	1722	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	1723
	1724	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1725	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
	1726	DO ii = -n_x2(k), n_x2(k)
	1727	DO kk = -n_z2(k), n_z2(k)
	1728	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) &
	1729	+ b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
	1730	ENDDO
	1731	ENDDO
	1732	ENDDO
	1733	ENDDO
	1734
	1735	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	1736
	1737	!
	1738	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
	1739	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
	1740	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
	1741
	1742
	1743	#if defined( __parallel )
[2945]	1744	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxlg), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
[2938]	1745	f_n(nzb+1,nxlg), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
	1746	id, comm1dy, ierr )
	1747	#else
	1748	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxlg:nxrg)
	1749	#endif
	1750
	1751
	1752	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
	1753
[3347]	1754	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1755	! Description:
	1756	! ------------
	1757	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
	1758	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
	1759	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
	1760	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
	1761	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1762	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
	1763
	1764	USE arrays_3d, &
	1765	ONLY: zu
	1766
	1767	IMPLICIT NONE
	1768
	1769	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1770
	1771	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
	1772
	1773	!
	1774	!--
	1775	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1776
	1777	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
	1778	!
	1779	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
	1780	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
	1781	!
	1782	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
	1783	!-- to the denominator, else the merge-function can crash if scale_l is
	1784	!-- zero.
	1785	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
[3937]	1786	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ABS( &
[3347]	1787	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
[3937]	1788	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
[3347]	1789	0.0_wp, &
	1790	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
	1791	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
	1792	)
	1793
	1794	r22(k) = r11(k)
	1795	!
	1796	!-- w'w'
	1797	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
	1798	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
	1799	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
	1800	)
	1801	!
	1802	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
	1803	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( &
	1804	1.0_wp - EXP( 3.0_wp * ( zzi - 1.0_wp ) ) &
	1805	)
	1806
	1807	r32(k) = r31(k)
	1808	!
	1809	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
	1810	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
	1811	r21(k) = r31(k)
	1812	!
	1813	!-- Above the boundary layer, assmume laminar flow conditions.
	1814	ELSE
	1815	r11(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1816	r22(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1817	r33(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1818	r21(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1819	r31(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1820	r32(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1821	ENDIF
	1822	ENDDO
	1823
	1824	!
	1825	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	1826	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	1827	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
	1828	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
	1829
	1830	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	1831	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
	1832	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
	1833
	1834
	1835	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
	1836
	1837	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1838	! Description:
	1839	! ------------
	1840	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
	1841	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1842	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	1843
	1844	IMPLICIT NONE
	1845
	1846	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1847
	1848	!
	1849	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
	1850	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1851	IF ( r11(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1852	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
	1853	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
	1854	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
	1855	ELSE
	1856	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1857	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1858	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1859	ENDIF
	1860	ENDDO
	1861	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1862	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
	1863	IF ( a22(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1864	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
	1865	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
	1866	ELSE
	1867	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1868	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1869	ENDIF
	1870	ENDDO
	1871	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1872	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
	1873	IF ( a33(k) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1874	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
	1875	ELSE
	1876	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
	1877	ENDIF
	1878	ENDDO
	1879	!
	1880	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	1881	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
	1882	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
	1883	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
	1884	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
	1885	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
	1886	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
	1887
	1888	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	1889
	1890	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1891	! Description:
	1892	! ------------
	1893	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
	1894	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
	1895	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1896	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	1897
	1898	IMPLICIT NONE
	1899
	1900	!
[3885]	1901	!-- Debug location message
	1902	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
	1903	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_adjust'
	1904	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'start' )
	1905	ENDIF
	1906	!
[3347]	1907	!-- Compute mean boundary layer height according to Richardson-Bulk
	1908	!-- criterion using the inflow profiles. Further velocity scale as well as
	1909	!-- mean friction velocity are calculated.
	1910	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	1911	!
	1912	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
	1913	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
	1914	!
	1915	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
	1916	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
	1917	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
	1918	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
	1919	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
	1920	!
	1921	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	1922	!-- (Lund rotation)
	1923	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	1924	!
	1925	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
	1926	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
	1927	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
	1928	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
	1929	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
	1930	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
	1931	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
	1932	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
	1933	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
	1934	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
	1935	!
	1936	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
	1937	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
[3885]	1938	!
	1939	!-- Debug location message
	1940	IF ( debug_output ) THEN
	1941	WRITE( debug_string, * ) 'stg_adjust'
	1942	CALL debug_message( debug_string, 'end' )
	1943	ENDIF
[3347]	1944
	1945	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	1946
	1947
	1948	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1949	! Description:
	1950	! ------------
	1951	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
	1952	!> from measurements.
	1953	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1954	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
	1955
	1956	USE arrays_3d, &
[3775]	1957	ONLY: dzw, ddzw, u_init, v_init
[3347]	1958
	1959	USE grid_variables, &
	1960	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
	1961
	1962	IMPLICIT NONE
	1963
	1964
	1965	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1966
	1967	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< typical length scale
	1968
	1969	!
	1970	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
	1971	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
	1972	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
	1973	!
	1974	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
	1975	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
	1976	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
	1977	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
	1978	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
	1979	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
	1980	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
	1981	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
	1982	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
	1983	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	1984
	1985	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, dzw(k) )
	1986
	1987	IF ( zu(k) <= zi_ribulk ) THEN
	1988	!
	1989	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
	1990	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
	1991	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
	1992	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	1993	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
	1994	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
	1995	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	1996	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 )
	1997	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 )
	1998	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddzw(k) ), 1 )
	1999	!
	2000	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
	2001	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
	2002	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
	2003	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
	2004	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
	2005	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
	2006	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
	2007	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
	2008	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) )
	2009	!
	2010	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
	2011	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 )
	2012	!
	2013	!-- Above the boundary layer length scales are zero, i.e. imposed turbulence
	2014	!-- is not correlated in space and time, just white noise. This saves
	2015	!-- computations power.
	2016	ELSE
	2017	nux(k) = 0.0_wp
	2018	nuy(k) = 0.0_wp
	2019	nuz(k) = 0.0_wp
	2020	nvx(k) = 0.0_wp
	2021	nvy(k) = 0.0_wp
	2022	nvz(k) = 0.0_wp
	2023	nwx(k) = 0.0_wp
	2024	nwy(k) = 0.0_wp
	2025	nwz(k) = 0.0_wp
	2026
	2027	tu(k) = 0.0_wp
	2028	tv(k) = 0.0_wp
	2029	tw(k) = 0.0_wp
	2030	ENDIF
	2031	ENDDO
	2032	!
	2033	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
	2034	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
	2035	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	2036	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	2037	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
	2038	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	2039	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	2040	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
	2041	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	2042	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
	2043
	2044	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
	2045	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
	2046	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
	2047
	2048
	2049	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
	2050
	2051	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2052	! Description:
	2053	! ------------
	2054	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
	2055	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
	2056	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
	2057	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2058	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2059
[3937]	2060	USE arrays_3d, &
	2061	ONLY: drho_air
	2062
[3347]	2063	USE indices, &
	2064	ONLY: nx, ny
	2065
	2066	USE surface_mod, &
[3579]	2067	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[3347]	2068
	2069	IMPLICIT NONE
	2070
	2071	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	2072	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	2073	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
[3579]	2074	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_ref !< index in z-direction for COSMO reference height
	2075	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
[3347]	2076	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
	2077
	2078	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
[3937]	2079	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point)
	2080	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean_l !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point) on subdomain
	2081	REAL(wp) :: scale_l_l !< mean Obukhov lenght on subdomain
[3347]	2082	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
	2083	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
	2084	REAL(wp) :: u_int !< u-component
	2085	REAL(wp) :: v_int !< v-component
	2086	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
	2087
	2088	!
[3937]	2089	!-- Calculate mean friction velocity, velocity scale, heat flux and
	2090	!-- near-surface temperature in the model domain.
	2091	pt_surf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2092	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2093	scale_l_l = 0.0_wp
	2094	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
[3347]	2095	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
[3937]	2096	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
	2097	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
	2098	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	2099	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_def_h(0)%us(m)
	2100	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2101	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_def_h(0)%ol(m)
	2102	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2103	ENDDO
	2104	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
[3937]	2105	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
	2106	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
	2107	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	2108	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_lsm_h%us(m)
	2109	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2110	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_lsm_h%ol(m)
	2111	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2112	ENDDO
	2113	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
[3937]	2114	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
	2115	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
	2116	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	2117	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_usm_h%us(m)
	2118	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2119	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_usm_h%ol(m)
	2120	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2121	ENDDO
	2122
	2123	#if defined( __parallel )
[3937]	2124	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
[3347]	2125	comm2d, ierr )
[3937]	2126	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
[3347]	2127	comm2d, ierr )
[3937]	2128	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( scale_l_l, scale_l, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2129	comm2d, ierr )
	2130	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( pt_surf_mean_l, pt_surf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2131	comm2d, ierr )
[3347]	2132	#else
[3937]	2133	scale_us = friction_vel_l
	2134	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
	2135	scale_l = scale_l_l
	2136	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean_l
[3347]	2137	#endif
	2138
[3937]	2139	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2140	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2141	scale_l = scale_l / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2142	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
[3347]	2143	!
	2144	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
	2145	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
	2146	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3937]	2147	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surf_mean )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
[3347]	2148	ELSE
	2149	w_convective = 0.0_wp
	2150	ENDIF
	2151	!
	2152	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
	2153	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
	2154	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
	2155	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
	2156
	2157	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2158
[2259]	2159	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

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