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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4450

Last change on this file since 4450 was 4448, checked in by moh.hefny, 5 years ago
bugfix: removed the error message PA0672 to consider allow PC 3d data via ascii file
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 109.8 KB

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1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	! Copyright 2017-2020 Institute of Computer Science of the
19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
21	!
22	! Current revisions:
23	! ------------------
24	!
25	!
26	! Former revisions:
27	! -----------------
28	!
29	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4448 2020-03-09 09:29:12Z suehring $
30	! (salim) removed the error message PA0672 to consider PC 3d data via ascii file
31	!
32	! 4392 2020-01-31 16:14:57Z pavelkrc (resler)
33	! Make pcm_heatrate_av, pcm_latentrate_av public to allow calculation
34	! of averaged Bowen ratio in the user procedure
35	!
36	! 4381 2020-01-20 13:51:46Z suehring
37	! Give error message 313 only once
38	!
39	! 4363 2020-01-07 18:11:28Z suehring
40	! Fix for last commit
41	!
42	! 4362 2020-01-07 17:15:02Z suehring
43	! Input of plant canopy variables from static driver moved to plant-canopy
44	! model
45	!
46	! 4361 2020-01-07 12:22:38Z suehring
47	! - Remove unused arrays in pmc_rrd_local
48	! - Remove one exchange of ghost points
49	!
50	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
51	! - Bugfix, read restart data for time-averaged pcm output quantities
52	! - Output of plant-canopy quantities will fill values
53	!
54	! 4356 2019-12-20 17:09:33Z suehring
55	! Correct single message call, local check must be given by the respective
56	! mpi rank.
57	!
58	! 4346 2019-12-18 11:55:56Z motisi
59	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
60	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
61	!
62	! 4342 2019-12-16 13:49:14Z Giersch
63	! Use statements moved to module level, ocean dependency removed, redundant
64	! variables removed
65	!
66	! 4341 2019-12-16 10:43:49Z motisi
67	! - Unification of variable names: pc_-variables now pcm_-variables
68	! (pc_latent_rate, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate)
69	! - Removal of pcm_bowenratio output
70	! - Renamed canopy-mode 'block' to 'homogeneous'
71	! - Renamed value 'read_from_file_3d' to 'read_from_file'
72	! - Removal of confusing comment lines
73	! - Replacement of k_wall by topo_top_ind
74	! - Removal of Else-Statement in tendency-calculation
75	!
76	! 4335 2019-12-12 16:39:05Z suehring
77	! Fix for LAD at building edges also implemented in vector branch.
78	!
79	! 4331 2019-12-10 18:25:02Z suehring
80	! Typo corrected
81	!
82	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
83	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
84	!
85	! 4314 2019-11-29 10:29:20Z suehring
86	! - Bugfix, plant canopy was still considered at building edges on for the u-
87	! and v-component.
88	! - Relax restriction of LAD on building tops. LAD is only omitted at
89	! locations where building grid points emerged artificially by the
90	! topography filtering.
91	!
92	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
93	! Typo
94	!
95	! 4302 2019-11-22 13:15:56Z suehring
96	! Omit tall canopy mapped on top of buildings
97	!
98	! 4279 2019-10-29 08:48:17Z scharf
99	! unused variables removed
100	!
101	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z scharf
102	! changed check for static driver and fixed bugs in initialization and header
103	!
104	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z suehring
105	! Check if any LAD is prescribed when plant-canopy model is applied.
106	!
107	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
108	! Bugfix, missing initialization of heating rate
109	!
110	! 4221 2019-09-09 08:50:35Z suehring
111	! Further bugfix in 3d data output for plant canopy
112	!
113	! 4216 2019-09-04 09:09:03Z suehring
114	! Bugfixes in 3d data output
115	!
116	! 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring
117	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
118	!
119	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
120	! Minor adjustment in error number
121	!
122	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
123	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
124	!
125	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
126	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
127	!
128	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
129	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
130	!
131	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
132	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
133	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
134	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
135	! (merge from branch resler)
136	!
137	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
138	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
139	! of additional debug messages
140	!
141	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
142	! unsed variables removed
143	!
144	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
145	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
146	! becomes > 40 degrees
147	!
148	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
149	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
150	!
151	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
152	! unused variables removed
153	!
154	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
155	! Initial revision
156	!
157	! Description:
158	! ------------
159	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
160	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
161	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
162	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
163	!
164	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
165	! @todo - unify variable names (pcm_, pc_, ...)
166	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
167	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
168
169	USE arrays_3d, &
170	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
171
172	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
173	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
174
175	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
176	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
177
178	USE control_parameters, &
179	ONLY: average_count_3d, &
180	coupling_char, &
181	debug_output, &
182	dt_3d, &
183	dz, &
184	humidity, &
185	length, &
186	message_string, &
187	ocean_mode, &
188	passive_scalar, &
189	plant_canopy, &
190	restart_string, &
191	urban_surface
192
193	USE grid_variables, &
194	ONLY: dx, dy
195
196	USE indices, &
197	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
198	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind, wall_flags_total_0
199
200	USE kinds
201
202	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
203	ONLY: input_pids_static, &
204	char_fill, &
205	check_existence, &
206	close_input_file, &
207	get_attribute, &
208	get_dimension_length, &
209	get_variable, &
210	inquire_num_variables, &
211	inquire_variable_names, &
212	input_file_static, &
213	num_var_pids, &
214	open_read_file, &
215	pids_id, &
216	real_3d, &
217	vars_pids
218
219	USE pegrid
220
221	USE surface_mod, &
222	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
223
224
225	IMPLICIT NONE
226
227	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' !< canopy coverage
228	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
229	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
230	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
231
232	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
233	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
234
235	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
236
237	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
238
239	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
240	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
241	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
242	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
243	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
244	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
245	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
246	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
247	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
248	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
249
250	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
251	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
252
253	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
254	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
255
256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
258
259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
264
265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
268
269	TYPE(real_3d) :: basal_area_density_f !< input variable for basal area density - resolved vegetation
270	TYPE(real_3d) :: leaf_area_density_f !< input variable for leaf area density - resolved vegetation
271	TYPE(real_3d) :: root_area_density_lad_f !< input variable for root area density - resolved vegetation
272
273	SAVE
274
275	PRIVATE
276
277	!
278	!-- Public functions
279	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, &
280	pcm_check_data_output, &
281	pcm_check_parameters, &
282	pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
283	pcm_data_output_3d, &
284	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
285	pcm_header, &
286	pcm_init, &
287	pcm_parin, &
288	pcm_rrd_local, &
289	pcm_tendency, &
290	pcm_wrd_local
291
292	!
293	!-- Public variables and constants
294	PUBLIC canopy_drag_coeff, pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate, &
295	pcm_latent_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
296	pch_index, plant_canopy_transpiration, &
297	pcm_heatrate_av, pcm_latentrate_av
298
299	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
300	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
301	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
302
303	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
304	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
305	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
306
307	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
308	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
309	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
310
311	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
312	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
313	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
314
315	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
316	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
317	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
318
319	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
320	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
321	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
322
323	INTERFACE pcm_header
324	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
325	END INTERFACE pcm_header
326
327	INTERFACE pcm_init
328	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
329	END INTERFACE pcm_init
330
331	INTERFACE pcm_parin
332	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
333	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
334
335	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
336	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
337	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
338
339	INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
340	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_rrd_local
341	END INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
342
343	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
344	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
345	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
346	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
347
348	INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
349	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_wrd_local
350	END INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
351
352
353	CONTAINS
354
355
356	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
357	! Description:
358	! ------------
359	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
360	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
361	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
362	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
363	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
364	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
365	!> Tree Physiology 20).
366	!>
367	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
368	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
369	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
370	!>
371	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
372	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
373
374	!
375	!-- input parameters
376	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
377	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
378	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
379	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
380	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
381
382	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
383	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
384	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
385	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
386	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
387	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
388	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
389	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
390	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
391	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
392	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
393
394
395	!-- Temperature (deg C)
396	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
397	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
398	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
399	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
400	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
401	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
402	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
403	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
404	!-- Wind speed
405	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
406	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
407	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
408	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
409	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
410	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
411	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
412	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
413	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
414	f1 = rad * (1000.0_wp+42.1_wp) / 1000.0_wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
415	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
416	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
417	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
418	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
419	!-- Water pressure deficit
420	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
421	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
422	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
423	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
424	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
425	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
426	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
427	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
428	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
429	!-- Residual soil water content
430	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
431	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
432	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
433	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
434	f4 = MAX(0.0_wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
435	!-- Stomatal conductivity
436	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
437	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
438	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
439	!-- Decoupling factor
440	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
441	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
442	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
443	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
444	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
445	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
446	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
447	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
448	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
449	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
450	!-- Evaporation rate
451	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
452	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
453	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
454	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
455	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
456	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
457	!-- latent heat from evaporation
458	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
459
460	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
461
462
463	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
464	! Description:
465	! ------------
466	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
467	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
468	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
469
470	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
471	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
472
473
474	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
475
476	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
477	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
478	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
479	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
480	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
481	ENDIF
482	unit = 'K s-1'
483
484	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
485	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
486
487	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
488	unit = 'K s-1'
489
490	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
491	unit = 'm2 m-3'
492
493
494	CASE DEFAULT
495	unit = 'illegal'
496
497	END SELECT
498
499
500	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
501
502
503	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
504	! Description:
505	! ------------
506	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
507	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
508	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
509
510	IF ( ocean_mode ) THEN
511	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. is not allowed in the '// &
512	'ocean'
513	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0696', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
514	ENDIF
515
516	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
517	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
518	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
519	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
520	ENDIF
521
522	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
523	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
524	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
525	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
526	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
527	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
528	ENDIF
529
530	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
531	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
532	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
533	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
534	'lai_beta = 0.0'
535	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
536	ENDIF
537
538	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
539	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
540	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
541	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
542	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
543	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
544	'density profile'
545	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
546	ENDIF
547
548	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
549	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
550	' seifert_beheng'
551	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
552	ENDIF
553
554	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
555
556
557	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
558	!
559	! Description:
560	! ------------
561	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
562	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
563	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
564
565	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
566	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
567
568	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
569	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
570	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
571
572
573	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
574
575	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
576
577	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
578	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
579	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
580	ENDIF
581	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
582
583
584	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
585	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
586	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
587	ENDIF
588	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
589
590
591	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
592	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
593	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
594	ENDIF
595	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
596
597	CASE DEFAULT
598	CONTINUE
599
600	END SELECT
601
602	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
603
604	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
605
606	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
607	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
608	DO i = nxl, nxr
609	DO j = nys, nyn
610	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
611	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
612	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
613	ENDDO
614	ENDIF
615	ENDDO
616	ENDDO
617	ENDIF
618
619
620	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
621	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
622	DO i = nxl, nxr
623	DO j = nys, nyn
624	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
625	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
626	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
627	ENDDO
628	ENDIF
629	ENDDO
630	ENDDO
631	ENDIF
632
633
634	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
635	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
636	DO i = nxl, nxr
637	DO j = nys, nyn
638	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
639	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
640	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
641	ENDDO
642	ENDIF
643	ENDDO
644	ENDDO
645	ENDIF
646
647	CASE DEFAULT
648	CONTINUE
649
650	END SELECT
651
652	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
653
654	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
655
656	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
657	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
658	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
659	DO j = nysg, nyng
660	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
661	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
662	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
663	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
664	ENDDO
665	ENDIF
666	ENDDO
667	ENDDO
668	ENDIF
669
670
671	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
672	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
673	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
674	DO j = nysg, nyng
675	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
676	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
677	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
678	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
679	ENDDO
680	ENDIF
681	ENDDO
682	ENDDO
683	ENDIF
684
685
686	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
687	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
688	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
689	DO j = nysg, nyng
690	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
691	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
692	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
693	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
694	ENDDO
695	ENDIF
696	ENDDO
697	ENDDO
698	ENDIF
699
700	END SELECT
701
702	ENDIF
703
704	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
705
706	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
707	!
708	! Description:
709	! ------------
710	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
711	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
712	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
713	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
714	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
715	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
716	nzb_do, nzt_do )
717
718	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< treated variable
719
720	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< flag indicating instantaneous or averaged data output
721	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x-direction
722	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y-direction
723	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z-direction
724	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
725	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
726
727	LOGICAL :: found !< flag indicating if variable is found
728
729	REAL(wp) :: fill_value !< fill value
730	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !< data output array
731
732
733	found = .TRUE.
734
735	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
736
737	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
738	!
739	!-- Note, to save memory arrays for heating are allocated from 0:pch_index.
740	!-- Thus, output must be relative to these array indices. Further, check
741	!-- whether the output is within the vertical output range,
742	!-- i.e. nzb_do:nzt_do, which is necessary as local_pf is only allocated
743	!-- for this index space. Note, plant-canopy output has a separate
744	!-- vertical output coordinate zlad, so that output is mapped down to the
745	!-- surface.
746	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
747	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
748	DO i = nxl, nxr
749	DO j = nys, nyn
750	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
751	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
752	ENDDO
753	ENDDO
754	ENDDO
755	ELSE
756	DO i = nxl, nxr
757	DO j = nys, nyn
758	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
759	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
760	ENDDO
761	ENDDO
762	ENDDO
763	ENDIF
764
765	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
766	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
767	DO i = nxl, nxr
768	DO j = nys, nyn
769	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
770	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
771	ENDDO
772	ENDDO
773	ENDDO
774	ELSE
775	DO i = nxl, nxr
776	DO j = nys, nyn
777	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
778	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
779	ENDDO
780	ENDDO
781	ENDDO
782	ENDIF
783
784	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
785	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
786	DO i = nxl, nxr
787	DO j = nys, nyn
788	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
789	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
790	ENDDO
791	ENDDO
792	ENDDO
793	ELSE
794	DO i = nxl, nxr
795	DO j = nys, nyn
796	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
797	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
798	ENDDO
799	ENDDO
800	ENDDO
801	ENDIF
802
803	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
804	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
805	DO i = nxl, nxr
806	DO j = nys, nyn
807	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
808	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
809	ENDDO
810	ENDDO
811	ENDDO
812	ENDIF
813
814	CASE DEFAULT
815	found = .FALSE.
816
817	END SELECT
818
819	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
820
821	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
822	!
823	! Description:
824	! ------------
825	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
826	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
827	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
828	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
829
830	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
831	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
832	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
833	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
834	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
835
836	found = .TRUE.
837
838	!
839	!-- Check for the grid. zpc is zu(nzb:nzb+pch_index)
840	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
841
842	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate')
843	grid_x = 'x'
844	grid_y = 'y'
845	grid_z = 'zpc'
846
847	CASE DEFAULT
848	found = .FALSE.
849	grid_x = 'none'
850	grid_y = 'none'
851	grid_z = 'none'
852	END SELECT
853
854	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
855
856
857	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
858	! Description:
859	! ------------
860	!> Header output for plant canopy model
861	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
862	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
863
864	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
865
866	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
867	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
868	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
869	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
870
871	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
872	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
873	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
874
875	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
876
877	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
878
879	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
880	canopy_drag_coeff
881	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
882	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
883	leaf_surface_conc
884	ENDIF
885
886	!
887	! Heat flux at the top of vegetation
888	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
889
890	!
891	! Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
892	! gradients or from beta probability density function.
893	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
894
895	! Building output strings, starting with surface value
896	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
897	gradients = '------'
898	slices = ' 0'
899	coordinates = ' 0.0'
900	DO i = 1, UBOUND(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind, DIM=1)
901	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) /= -9999 ) THEN
902
903	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
904	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
905
906	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
907	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
908
909	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
910	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
911
912	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
913	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
914	ELSE
915	EXIT
916	ENDIF
917	ENDDO
918
919	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
920	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
921
922	ELSE
923
924	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
925	coordinates = ' 0.0'
926
927	DO k = 1, pch_index
928
929	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
930	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
931	TRIM( coor_chr )
932
933	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
934	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
935
936	ENDDO
937
938	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
939	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
940
941	ENDIF
942
943	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
944	' ------------------------------'// &
945	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
946	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
947	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
948	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
949	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
950	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ', &
951	F6.2, ' K m/s')
952	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
953	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
954	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
955	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
956	' Gridpoint: ',A)
957	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
958	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
959	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
960	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
961	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
962	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
963
964	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
965
966
967	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
968	! Description:
969	! ------------
970	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
971	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
972	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
973
974	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
975	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
976	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
977	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
978
979	LOGICAL :: lad_on_top = .FALSE. !< dummy flag to indicate that LAD is defined on a building roof
980
981	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
982	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
983	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
984	REAL(wp) :: lad_max !< maximum LAD value in the model domain, used to perform a check
985
986	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
987	!
988	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
989	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
990	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
991	lad = 0.0_wp
992	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
993
994	!
995	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
996	!-- a beta probability density function
997	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
998	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
999	ENDIF
1000
1001
1002	!
1003	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
1004	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
1005	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
1006	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
1007	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
1008	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
1009
1010	!
1011	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
1012	i = 1
1013	gradient = 0.0_wp
1014
1015	lad(0) = lad_surface
1016	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
1017
1018	DO k = 1, pch_index
1019	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
1020	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
1021	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1022	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
1023	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
1024	i = i + 1
1025	ENDIF
1026	ENDIF
1027	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1028	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
1029	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
1030	ELSE
1031	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
1032	ENDIF
1033	ELSE
1034	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
1035	ENDIF
1036	ENDDO
1037
1038	!
1039	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
1040	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
1041	!-- file.
1042	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1043	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
1044	ENDIF
1045
1046	ELSE
1047
1048	!
1049	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
1050	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
1051	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
1052
1053	DO k = 0, pch_index
1054	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
1055	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1056	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
1057	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1058	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
1059	ENDDO
1060
1061	!
1062	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
1063	DO k = 0, pch_index
1064	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
1065	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1066	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
1067	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
1068	) / canopy_height
1069	ENDDO
1070
1071	!
1072	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
1073	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
1074	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
1075	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
1076	DO k = 1, pch_index
1077	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
1078	ENDDO
1079
1080	ENDIF
1081
1082	!
1083	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
1084	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1085
1086	!
1087	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
1088	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' initializes a canopy, which
1089	!-- fully covers the domain surface
1090	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
1091
1092	CASE( 'homogeneous' )
1093
1094	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1095	DO j = nysg, nyng
1096	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
1097	ENDDO
1098	ENDDO
1099
1100	CASE ( 'read_from_file' )
1101	!
1102	!-- Read plant canopy
1103	IF ( input_pids_static ) THEN
1104	!
1105	!-- Open the static input file
1106	#if defined( __netcdf )
1107	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
1108	TRIM( coupling_char ), &
1109	pids_id )
1110
1111	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
1112	!
1113	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them
1114	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
1115	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
1116	!
1117	!-- Read leaf area density - resolved vegetation
1118	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'lad' ) ) THEN
1119	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
1120	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
1121	leaf_area_density_f%fill, &
1122	.FALSE., 'lad' )
1123	!
1124	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
1125	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
1126	leaf_area_density_f%nz, &
1127	'zlad' )
1128	!
1129	!-- Allocate variable for leaf-area density
1130	ALLOCATE( leaf_area_density_f%var &
1131	(0:leaf_area_density_f%nz-1, &
1132	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
1133
1134	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'lad', leaf_area_density_f%var, &
1135	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
1136	0, leaf_area_density_f%nz-1 )
1137
1138	ELSE
1139	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
1140	ENDIF
1141	!
1142	!-- Read basal area density - resolved vegetation
1143	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'bad' ) ) THEN
1144	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
1145	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
1146	basal_area_density_f%fill, &
1147	.FALSE., 'bad' )
1148	!
1149	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
1150	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
1151	basal_area_density_f%nz, &
1152	'zlad' )
1153	!
1154	!-- Allocate variable
1155	ALLOCATE( basal_area_density_f%var &
1156	(0:basal_area_density_f%nz-1, &
1157	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
1158
1159	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'bad', basal_area_density_f%var,&
1160	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
1161	0, basal_area_density_f%nz-1 )
1162	ELSE
1163	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
1164	ENDIF
1165	!
1166	!-- Read root area density - resolved vegetation
1167	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'root_area_dens_r' ) ) THEN
1168	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .TRUE.
1169	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
1170	root_area_density_lad_f%fill, &
1171	.FALSE., 'root_area_dens_r' )
1172	!
1173	!-- Inquire number of vertical soil layers
1174	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
1175	root_area_density_lad_f%nz, &
1176	'zsoil' )
1177	!
1178	!-- Allocate variable
1179	ALLOCATE( root_area_density_lad_f%var &
1180	(0:root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1,&
1181	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
1182
1183	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'root_area_dens_r', &
1184	root_area_density_lad_f%var, &
1185	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
1186	0, root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1 )
1187	ELSE
1188	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .FALSE.
1189	ENDIF
1190
1191	DEALLOCATE( vars_pids )
1192	!
1193	!-- Finally, close the input file and deallocate temporary array
1194	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
1195	#endif
1196	ENDIF
1197
1198	!
1199	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
1200	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
1201	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
1202	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
1203	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1204	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
1205	!
1206	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
1207	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
1208	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
1209
1210	DO i = nxl, nxr
1211	DO j = nys, nyn
1212	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
1213	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
1214	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
1215	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
1216	ENDDO
1217	!
1218	!-- Check if resolved vegetation is mapped onto buildings.
1219	!-- In general, this is allowed and also meaningful, e.g.
1220	!-- when trees carry across roofs. However, due to the
1221	!-- topography filtering, new building grid points can emerge
1222	!-- at location where also plant canopy is defined. As a
1223	!-- result, plant canopy is mapped on top of roofs, with
1224	!-- siginficant impact on the downstream flow field and the
1225	!-- nearby surface radiation. In order to avoid that
1226	!-- plant canopy is mistakenly mapped onto building roofs,
1227	!-- check for building grid points (bit 6) that emerge from
1228	!-- the filtering (bit 4) and set LAD to zero at these
1229	!-- artificially created building grid points. This case,
1230	!-- an informative message is given.
1231	IF ( ANY( lad_s(:,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) .AND. &
1232	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
1233	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 4 ) ) ) THEN
1234	lad_s(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1235	lad_on_top = .TRUE.
1236	ENDIF
1237	ENDDO
1238	ENDDO
1239	#if defined( __parallel )
1240	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_on_top, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
1241	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr)
1242	#endif
1243	IF ( lad_on_top ) THEN
1244	WRITE( message_string, * ) &
1245	'Resolved plant-canopy is ' // &
1246	'defined on top of an artificially '// &
1247	'created building grid point(s) ' // &
1248	'(emerged from the filtering) - ' // &
1249	'LAD profile is omitted at this / ' // &
1250	'these grid point(s).'
1251	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0313', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
1252	ENDIF
1253	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1254	!
1255	! ASCII file
1256	!-- Initialize canopy parameters canopy_drag_coeff,
1257	!-- leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, leaf_surface_conc
1258	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
1259	!-- each location).
1260	ELSE
1261	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1262	ENDIF
1263
1264	CASE DEFAULT
1265	!
1266	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
1267	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
1268	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
1269	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
1270	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
1271	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
1272
1273	END SELECT
1274	!
1275	!-- Check that at least one grid point has an LAD /= 0, else this may
1276	!-- cause errors in the radiation model.
1277	lad_max = MAXVAL( lad_s )
1278	#if defined( __parallel )
1279	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_max, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, &
1280	comm2d, ierr)
1281	#endif
1282	IF ( lad_max <= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1283	message_string = 'Plant-canopy model is switched-on but no ' // &
1284	'plant canopy is present in the model domain.'
1285	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0685', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1286	ENDIF
1287
1288	!
1289	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
1290	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1291	pch_index_ji = 0
1292
1293	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1294	DO j = nysg, nyng
1295	DO k = 0, pch_index
1296	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
1297	ENDDO
1298	!
1299	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
1300	!-- height of the model domain.
1301	IF ( topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
1302	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
1303	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
1304	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, myid, 6, 0 )
1305	ENDIF
1306
1307	ENDDO
1308	ENDDO
1309	!
1310	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
1311	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
1312	!
1313	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
1314	#if defined( __parallel )
1315	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
1316	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
1317	#endif
1318	!
1319	!-- Allocation of arrays pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate and pcm_latent_rate
1320	ALLOCATE( pcm_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1321	pcm_heating_rate = 0.0_wp
1322
1323	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1324	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1325	pcm_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
1326	ALLOCATE( pcm_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1327	pcm_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
1328	ENDIF
1329	!
1330	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
1331	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
1332	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
1333	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
1334	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
1335	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
1336	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
1337	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
1338	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
1339	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
1340	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
1341	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pcm_heating_rate)
1342	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pcm_transpiration_rate, pcm_latent_rate)
1343	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
1344	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1345
1346	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1347	!
1348	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
1349	!-- integration of the leaf area density
1350	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1351	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1352	DO j = nysg, nyng
1353	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
1354	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
1355	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
1356	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
1357	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
1358	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
1359	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
1360	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1361	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
1362	ELSE
1363	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
1364	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
1365	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
1366	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1367	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
1368	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
1369	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
1370	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1371	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
1372	ENDIF
1373	ENDDO
1374	ENDDO
1375	ENDDO
1376
1377	!
1378	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
1379	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
1380	!-- Start with default surface type
1381	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
1382	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
1383	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
1384	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1385	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1386	ENDDO
1387	!
1388	!-- Natural surfaces
1389	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
1390	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
1391	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
1392	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1393	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1394	ENDDO
1395	!
1396	!-- Urban surfaces
1397	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
1398	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
1399	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
1400	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1401	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1402	ENDDO
1403	!
1404	!
1405	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
1406	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
1407	!-- canopy.
1408	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
1409	!-- rate (pcm_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
1410	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
1411	!-- of the respective layer
1412	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1413	DO j = nysg, nyng
1414	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
1415	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1416	pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
1417	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
1418	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
1419	ENDIF
1420	ENDDO
1421	ENDDO
1422	ENDDO
1423
1424	ENDIF
1425
1426	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
1427
1428	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
1429
1430
1431	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1432	! Description:
1433	! ------------
1434	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
1435	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1436	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1437
1438	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
1439
1440	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
1441	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1442	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1443	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1444	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1445	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1446	lai_beta, &
1447	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1448	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
1449	plant_canopy_transpiration
1450
1451	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1452	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1453	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1454	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1455	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1456	lai_beta, &
1457	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1458	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
1459	plant_canopy_transpiration
1460
1461	line = ' '
1462
1463	!
1464	!-- Try to find plant-canopy model package
1465	REWIND ( 11 )
1466	line = ' '
1467	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
1468	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
1469	ENDDO
1470	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1471
1472	!
1473	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1474	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
1475
1476	!
1477	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
1478	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1479
1480	GOTO 14
1481
1482	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1483	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1484	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
1485	!
1486	!-- Try to find old namelist
1487	12 REWIND ( 11 )
1488	line = ' '
1489	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
1490	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
1491	ENDDO
1492	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1493
1494	!
1495	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1496	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
1497
1498	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
1499	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
1500	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
1501	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
1502
1503	!
1504	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
1505	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1506
1507	GOTO 14
1508
1509	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1510	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1511	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
1512
1513	14 CONTINUE
1514
1515	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1516
1517
1518	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1519	! Description:
1520	! ------------
1521	!
1522	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
1523	!>
1524	!> num_levels
1525	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1526	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1527	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1528	!> ...
1529	!>
1530	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
1531	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
1532	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
1533	!>
1534	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
1535	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
1536	!>
1537	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
1538	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
1539	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1540	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1541
1542	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
1543	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
1544	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
1545	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
1546	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
1547	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
1548	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
1549
1550	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
1551
1552	!
1553	!-- Initialize lad_s array
1554	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1555
1556	!
1557	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
1558	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
1559	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
1560	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
1561	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
1562	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
1563	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
1564	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
1565
1566	DO
1567	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
1568	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
1569
1570	SELECT CASE (dtype)
1571	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
1572	!
1573	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
1574	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
1575	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
1576	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
1577	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
1578	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
1579	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
1580	'but pctype is ', pctype
1581	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1582	ENDIF
1583	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1584	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
1585	CASE DEFAULT
1586	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
1587	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
1588	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1589	END SELECT
1590	ENDDO
1591
1592	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1593	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1594
1595	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1596	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1597
1598	517 CLOSE(152)
1599	DEALLOCATE( col )
1600
1601	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1602
1603	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1604
1605	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1606	! Description:
1607	! ------------
1608	!> Subroutine reads local (subdomain) restart data
1609	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1610	SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local( k, nxlf, nxlc, nxl_on_file, nxrf, nxrc, &
1611	nxr_on_file, nynf, nync, nyn_on_file, nysf, &
1612	nysc, nys_on_file, found )
1613
1614	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
1615	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
1616	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
1617	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
1618	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
1619	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
1620	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
1621	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
1622	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
1623	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
1624	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
1625	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
1626	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
1627
1628	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
1629
1630	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:pch_index, &
1631	nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp, &
1632	nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) :: tmp_3d2 !< temporary 3D array for entire vertical
1633	!< extension of canopy layer
1634	found = .TRUE.
1635
1636	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
1637
1638	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
1639	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
1640	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1641	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
1642	ENDIF
1643	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
1644	pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
1645	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
1646
1647	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
1648	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
1649	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1650	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
1651	ENDIF
1652	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
1653	pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
1654	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
1655
1656	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
1657	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
1658	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1659	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
1660	ENDIF
1661	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
1662	pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
1663	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
1664
1665	CASE DEFAULT
1666
1667	found = .FALSE.
1668
1669	END SELECT
1670
1671	END SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local
1672
1673	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1674	! Description:
1675	! ------------
1676	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
1677	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
1678	!>
1679	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
1680	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1681	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
1682	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
1683	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1684	!>
1685	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
1686	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
1687	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
1688	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
1689	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
1690	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
1691	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
1692	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
1693	!>
1694	!>
1695	!> Call for all grid points
1696	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1697	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
1698
1699	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1700	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1701	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1702	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1703	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1704
1705	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
1706	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
1707	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
1708	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
1709
1710	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1711	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1712	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1713	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1714	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1715	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1716
1717
1718	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
1719
1720	!
1721	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
1722	SELECT CASE ( component )
1723
1724	!
1725	!-- u-component
1726	CASE ( 1 )
1727	DO i = nxlu, nxr
1728	DO j = nys, nyn
1729	!
1730	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
1731	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
1732	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
1733	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
1734	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
1735	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
1736	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )&
1737	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
1738	!
1739	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
1740	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1741
1742	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1743	!
1744	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1745	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1746	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1747	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1748	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1749	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
1750	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
1751	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
1752	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
1753	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
1754	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
1755	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1756	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp &
1757	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1758	!
1759	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
1760	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
1761	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
1762	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
1763	!-- point (j,i-1).
1764	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp &
1765	.AND. building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1766
1767	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1768	pre_u = 0.0_wp
1769	!
1770	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1771	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
1772	lad_local * &
1773	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
1774	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
1775	v(k,j,i) + &
1776	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1777	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
1778	)**2 + &
1779	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
1780	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1781	w(k,j,i-1) + &
1782	w(k,j,i) ) &
1783	)**2 &
1784	) * &
1785	u(k,j,i)
1786
1787	!
1788	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1789	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1790	!
1791	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1792	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1793	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
1794	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1795	ENDIF
1796	!
1797	!-- Calculate final tendency
1798	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1799
1800	ENDDO
1801	ENDDO
1802	ENDDO
1803
1804	!
1805	!-- v-component
1806	CASE ( 2 )
1807	DO i = nxl, nxr
1808	DO j = nysv, nyn
1809	!
1810	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
1811	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
1812	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
1813	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
1814	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
1815	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
1816	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )&
1817	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
1818	!
1819	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
1820	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1821
1822	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1823	!
1824	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1825	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1826	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1827	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1828	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1829	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
1830	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
1831	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
1832	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
1833	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
1834	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
1835	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1836	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp &
1837	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1838	!
1839	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
1840	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
1841	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
1842	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
1843	!-- point (j,i-1).
1844	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp &
1845	.AND. building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1846
1847	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1848	pre_v = 0.0_wp
1849	!
1850	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1851	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
1852	lad_local * &
1853	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
1854	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
1855	u(k,j,i) + &
1856	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1857	)**2 + &
1858	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
1859	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
1860	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1861	w(k,j-1,i) + &
1862	w(k,j,i) ) &
1863	)**2 &
1864	) * &
1865	v(k,j,i)
1866
1867	!
1868	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1869	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1870	!
1871	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1872	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1873	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
1874	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1875	ELSE
1876	pre_tend = pre_tend
1877	ENDIF
1878	!
1879	!-- Calculate final tendency
1880	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1881
1882	ENDDO
1883	ENDDO
1884	ENDDO
1885
1886	!
1887	!-- w-component
1888	CASE ( 3 )
1889	DO i = nxl, nxr
1890	DO j = nys, nyn
1891	!
1892	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
1893	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
1894
1895	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1896
1897	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1898	pre_w = 0.0_wp
1899	!
1900	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1901	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
1902	(0.5_wp * &
1903	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
1904	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1905	u(k,j,i+1) + &
1906	u(k+1,j,i) + &
1907	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
1908	)**2 + &
1909	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1910	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1911	v(k+1,j,i) + &
1912	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
1913	)**2 + &
1914	w(k,j,i)**2 &
1915	) * &
1916	w(k,j,i)
1917	!
1918	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1919	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1920	!
1921	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1922	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1923	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
1924	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1925	ELSE
1926	pre_tend = pre_tend
1927	ENDIF
1928	!
1929	!-- Calculate final tendency
1930	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1931
1932	ENDDO
1933	ENDDO
1934	ENDDO
1935
1936	!
1937	!-- potential temperature
1938	CASE ( 4 )
1939	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1940	DO i = nxl, nxr
1941	DO j = nys, nyn
1942	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1943	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1944	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1945	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
1946	ENDDO
1947	ENDDO
1948	ENDDO
1949	ELSE
1950	DO i = nxl, nxr
1951	DO j = nys, nyn
1952	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1953	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1954	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1955	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
1956	ENDDO
1957	ENDDO
1958	ENDDO
1959	ENDIF
1960
1961	!
1962	!-- humidity
1963	CASE ( 5 )
1964	DO i = nxl, nxr
1965	DO j = nys, nyn
1966	!
1967	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1968	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1969
1970	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1971
1972	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
1973	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
1974	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
1975	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
1976	! in the plant canopy box
1977	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
1978	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1979	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1980	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1981	)**2 + &
1982	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1983	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1984	)**2 + &
1985	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1986	w(k,j,i) ) &
1987	)**2 &
1988	) * &
1989	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
1990	ENDIF
1991
1992	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
1993	ENDDO
1994	ENDDO
1995	ENDDO
1996
1997	!
1998	!-- sgs-tke
1999	CASE ( 6 )
2000	DO i = nxl, nxr
2001	DO j = nys, nyn
2002	!
2003	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
2004	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2005
2006	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2007	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2008	2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
2009	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2010	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2011	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2012	)**2 + &
2013	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2014	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2015	)**2 + &
2016	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
2017	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
2018	)**2 &
2019	) * &
2020	e(k,j,i)
2021	ENDDO
2022	ENDDO
2023	ENDDO
2024	!
2025	!-- scalar concentration
2026	CASE ( 7 )
2027	DO i = nxl, nxr
2028	DO j = nys, nyn
2029	!
2030	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
2031	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2032
2033	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2034	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2035	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
2036	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2037	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2038	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2039	)**2 + &
2040	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2041	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2042	)**2 + &
2043	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2044	w(k,j,i) ) &
2045	)**2 &
2046	) * &
2047	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
2048	ENDDO
2049	ENDDO
2050	ENDDO
2051
2052
2053
2054	CASE DEFAULT
2055
2056	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
2057	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2058
2059	END SELECT
2060
2061	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
2062
2063
2064	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2065	! Description:
2066	! ------------
2067	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
2068	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
2069	!>
2070	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
2071	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
2072	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
2073	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
2074	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
2075	!>
2076	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
2077	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
2078	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
2079	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
2080	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
2081	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
2082	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
2083	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
2084	!>
2085	!>
2086	!> Call for grid point i,j
2087	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2088	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
2089
2090	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
2091	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2092	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2093	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2094	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
2095
2096	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
2097	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
2098	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
2099	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
2100
2101	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
2102	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
2103	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
2104	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
2105	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
2106	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
2107
2108
2109	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
2110	!
2111	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
2112	SELECT CASE ( component )
2113
2114	!
2115	!-- u-component
2116	CASE ( 1 )
2117	!
2118	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
2119	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
2120	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
2121	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
2122	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2123	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
2124	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2125	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
2126	!
2127	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
2128	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2129
2130	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2131
2132	!
2133	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
2134	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
2135	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
2136	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
2137	!-- than inside of the canopy.
2138	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
2139	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
2140	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
2141	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
2142	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
2143	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
2144	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
2145	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
2146	.NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
2147	!
2148	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
2149	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
2150	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
2151	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
2152	!-- point (j,i-1).
2153	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
2154	building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
2155
2156	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2157	pre_u = 0.0_wp
2158	!
2159	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2160	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
2161	lad_local * &
2162	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
2163	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
2164	v(k,j,i) + &
2165	v(k,j+1,i) + &
2166	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
2167	)**2 + &
2168	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
2169	w(k-1,j,i) + &
2170	w(k,j,i-1) + &
2171	w(k,j,i) ) &
2172	)**2 &
2173	) * &
2174	u(k,j,i)
2175
2176	!
2177	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2178	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2179	!
2180	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
2181	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
2182	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
2183	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2184	ELSE
2185	pre_tend = pre_tend
2186	ENDIF
2187	!
2188	!-- Calculate final tendency
2189	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2190	ENDDO
2191
2192
2193	!
2194	!-- v-component
2195	CASE ( 2 )
2196	!
2197	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
2198	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
2199	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
2200	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
2201	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2202	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
2203	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2204	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
2205	!
2206	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
2207	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2208
2209	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2210	!
2211	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
2212	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
2213	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
2214	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
2215	!-- than inside of the canopy.
2216	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
2217	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
2218	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
2219	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
2220	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
2221	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
2222	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
2223	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
2224	.NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2225	!
2226	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
2227	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
2228	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
2229	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
2230	!-- point (j,i-1).
2231	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
2232	building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2233
2234	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2235	pre_v = 0.0_wp
2236	!
2237	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2238	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
2239	lad_local * &
2240	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
2241	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
2242	u(k,j,i) + &
2243	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2244	)**2 + &
2245	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
2246	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
2247	w(k-1,j,i) + &
2248	w(k,j-1,i) + &
2249	w(k,j,i) ) &
2250	)**2 &
2251	) * &
2252	v(k,j,i)
2253
2254	!
2255	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2256	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2257	!
2258	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
2259	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
2260	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
2261	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2262	ELSE
2263	pre_tend = pre_tend
2264	ENDIF
2265	!
2266	!-- Calculate final tendency
2267	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2268	ENDDO
2269
2270
2271	!
2272	!-- w-component
2273	CASE ( 3 )
2274	!
2275	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
2276	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
2277
2278	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2279
2280	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2281	pre_w = 0.0_wp
2282	!
2283	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2284	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
2285	(0.5_wp * &
2286	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
2287	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2288	u(k,j,i+1) + &
2289	u(k+1,j,i) + &
2290	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
2291	)**2 + &
2292	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2293	v(k,j+1,i) + &
2294	v(k+1,j,i) + &
2295	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
2296	)**2 + &
2297	w(k,j,i)**2 &
2298	) * &
2299	w(k,j,i)
2300	!
2301	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2302	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2303	!
2304	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
2305	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
2306	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
2307	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2308	ELSE
2309	pre_tend = pre_tend
2310	ENDIF
2311	!
2312	!-- Calculate final tendency
2313	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2314	ENDDO
2315
2316	!
2317	!-- potential temperature
2318	CASE ( 4 )
2319	!
2320	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2321	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2322	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2323	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2324	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
2325	pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
2326	ENDDO
2327	ELSE
2328	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2329	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2330	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
2331	ENDDO
2332	ENDIF
2333
2334	!
2335	!-- humidity
2336	CASE ( 5 )
2337	!
2338	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2339	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2340	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2341	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
2342	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
2343	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
2344	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
2345	! in the plant canopy box
2346	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
2347	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2348	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2349	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2350	)**2 + &
2351	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2352	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2353	)**2 + &
2354	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2355	w(k,j,i) ) &
2356	)**2 &
2357	) * &
2358	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
2359	ENDIF
2360
2361	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
2362
2363	ENDDO
2364
2365	!
2366	!-- sgs-tke
2367	CASE ( 6 )
2368	!
2369	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2370	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2371
2372	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2373	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2374	2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
2375	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2376	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2377	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2378	)**2 + &
2379	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2380	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2381	)**2 + &
2382	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
2383	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
2384	)**2 &
2385	) * &
2386	e(k,j,i)
2387	ENDDO
2388
2389	!
2390	!-- scalar concentration
2391	CASE ( 7 )
2392	!
2393	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2394	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2395
2396	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2397	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2398	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
2399	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2400	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2401	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2402	)**2 + &
2403	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2404	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2405	)**2 + &
2406	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2407	w(k,j,i) ) &
2408	)**2 &
2409	) * &
2410	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
2411	ENDDO
2412
2413	CASE DEFAULT
2414
2415	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
2416	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2417
2418	END SELECT
2419
2420	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
2421
2422	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2423	! Description:
2424	! ------------
2425	!> Subroutine writes local (subdomain) restart data
2426	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2427	SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
2428
2429	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
2430	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
2431	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_heatrate_av
2432	ENDIF
2433
2434	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
2435	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
2436	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_latentrate_av
2437	ENDIF
2438
2439	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
2440	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
2441	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_transpirationrate_av
2442	ENDIF
2443
2444	END SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
2445
2446
2447	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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