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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4445

Last change on this file since 4445 was 4392, checked in by pavelkrc, 5 years ago
Merge branch resler (updated documentation, optional flux tracing, bugfix)
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 110.1 KB

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1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	! Copyright 2017-2020 Institute of Computer Science of the
19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
21	!
22	! Current revisions:
23	! ------------------
24	!
25	!
26	! Former revisions:
27	! -----------------
28	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4392 2020-01-31 16:14:57Z raasch $
29	! (resler) Make pcm_heatrate_av, pcm_latentrate_av public to allow calculation
30	! of averaged Bowen ratio in the user procedure
31	!
32	! 4381 2020-01-20 13:51:46Z suehring
33	! Give error message 313 only once
34	!
35	! 4363 2020-01-07 18:11:28Z suehring
36	! Fix for last commit
37	!
38	! 4362 2020-01-07 17:15:02Z suehring
39	! Input of plant canopy variables from static driver moved to plant-canopy
40	! model
41	!
42	! 4361 2020-01-07 12:22:38Z suehring
43	! - Remove unused arrays in pmc_rrd_local
44	! - Remove one exchange of ghost points
45	!
46	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
47	! - Bugfix, read restart data for time-averaged pcm output quantities
48	! - Output of plant-canopy quantities will fill values
49	!
50	! 4356 2019-12-20 17:09:33Z suehring
51	! Correct single message call, local check must be given by the respective
52	! mpi rank.
53	!
54	! 4346 2019-12-18 11:55:56Z motisi
55	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
56	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
57	!
58	! 4342 2019-12-16 13:49:14Z Giersch
59	! Use statements moved to module level, ocean dependency removed, redundant
60	! variables removed
61	!
62	! 4341 2019-12-16 10:43:49Z motisi
63	! - Unification of variable names: pc_-variables now pcm_-variables
64	! (pc_latent_rate, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate)
65	! - Removal of pcm_bowenratio output
66	! - Renamed canopy-mode 'block' to 'homogeneous'
67	! - Renamed value 'read_from_file_3d' to 'read_from_file'
68	! - Removal of confusing comment lines
69	! - Replacement of k_wall by topo_top_ind
70	! - Removal of Else-Statement in tendency-calculation
71	!
72	! 4335 2019-12-12 16:39:05Z suehring
73	! Fix for LAD at building edges also implemented in vector branch.
74	!
75	! 4331 2019-12-10 18:25:02Z suehring
76	! Typo corrected
77	!
78	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
79	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
80	!
81	! 4314 2019-11-29 10:29:20Z suehring
82	! - Bugfix, plant canopy was still considered at building edges on for the u-
83	! and v-component.
84	! - Relax restriction of LAD on building tops. LAD is only omitted at
85	! locations where building grid points emerged artificially by the
86	! topography filtering.
87	!
88	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
89	! Typo
90	!
91	! 4302 2019-11-22 13:15:56Z suehring
92	! Omit tall canopy mapped on top of buildings
93	!
94	! 4279 2019-10-29 08:48:17Z scharf
95	! unused variables removed
96	!
97	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z scharf
98	! changed check for static driver and fixed bugs in initialization and header
99	!
100	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z suehring
101	! Check if any LAD is prescribed when plant-canopy model is applied.
102	!
103	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
104	! Bugfix, missing initialization of heating rate
105	!
106	! 4221 2019-09-09 08:50:35Z suehring
107	! Further bugfix in 3d data output for plant canopy
108	!
109	! 4216 2019-09-04 09:09:03Z suehring
110	! Bugfixes in 3d data output
111	!
112	! 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring
113	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
114	!
115	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
116	! Minor adjustment in error number
117	!
118	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
119	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
120	!
121	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
122	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
123	!
124	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
125	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
126	!
127	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
128	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
129	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
130	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
131	! (merge from branch resler)
132	!
133	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
134	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
135	! of additional debug messages
136	!
137	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
138	! unsed variables removed
139	!
140	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
141	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
142	! becomes > 40 degrees
143	!
144	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
145	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
146	!
147	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
148	! unused variables removed
149	!
150	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
151	! Initial revision
152	!
153	! Description:
154	! ------------
155	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
156	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
157	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
158	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
159	!
160	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
161	! @todo - unify variable names (pcm_, pc_, ...)
162	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
163	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
164
165	USE arrays_3d, &
166	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
167
168	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
169	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
170
171	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
172	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
173
174	USE control_parameters, &
175	ONLY: average_count_3d, &
176	coupling_char, &
177	debug_output, &
178	dt_3d, &
179	dz, &
180	humidity, &
181	length, &
182	message_string, &
183	ocean_mode, &
184	passive_scalar, &
185	plant_canopy, &
186	restart_string, &
187	urban_surface
188
189	USE grid_variables, &
190	ONLY: dx, dy
191
192	USE indices, &
193	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
194	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind, wall_flags_total_0
195
196	USE kinds
197
198	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
199	ONLY: input_pids_static, &
200	char_fill, &
201	check_existence, &
202	close_input_file, &
203	get_attribute, &
204	get_dimension_length, &
205	get_variable, &
206	inquire_num_variables, &
207	inquire_variable_names, &
208	input_file_static, &
209	num_var_pids, &
210	open_read_file, &
211	pids_id, &
212	real_3d, &
213	vars_pids
214
215	USE pegrid
216
217	USE surface_mod, &
218	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
219
220
221	IMPLICIT NONE
222
223	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' !< canopy coverage
224	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
225	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
226	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
227
228	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
229	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
230
231	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
232
233	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
234
235	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
236	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
237	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
238	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
239	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
240	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
241	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
242	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
243	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
244	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
245
246	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
247	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
248
249	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
250	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
251
252	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
254
255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
260
261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
264
265	TYPE(real_3d) :: basal_area_density_f !< input variable for basal area density - resolved vegetation
266	TYPE(real_3d) :: leaf_area_density_f !< input variable for leaf area density - resolved vegetation
267	TYPE(real_3d) :: root_area_density_lad_f !< input variable for root area density - resolved vegetation
268
269	SAVE
270
271	PRIVATE
272
273	!
274	!-- Public functions
275	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, &
276	pcm_check_data_output, &
277	pcm_check_parameters, &
278	pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
279	pcm_data_output_3d, &
280	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
281	pcm_header, &
282	pcm_init, &
283	pcm_parin, &
284	pcm_rrd_local, &
285	pcm_tendency, &
286	pcm_wrd_local
287
288	!
289	!-- Public variables and constants
290	PUBLIC canopy_drag_coeff, pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate, &
291	pcm_latent_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
292	pch_index, plant_canopy_transpiration, &
293	pcm_heatrate_av, pcm_latentrate_av
294
295	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
296	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
297	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
298
299	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
300	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
301	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
302
303	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
304	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
305	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
306
307	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
308	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
309	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
310
311	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
312	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
313	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
314
315	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
316	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
317	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
318
319	INTERFACE pcm_header
320	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
321	END INTERFACE pcm_header
322
323	INTERFACE pcm_init
324	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
325	END INTERFACE pcm_init
326
327	INTERFACE pcm_parin
328	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
329	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
330
331	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
332	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
333	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
334
335	INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
336	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_rrd_local
337	END INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
338
339	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
340	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
341	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
342	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
343
344	INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
345	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_wrd_local
346	END INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
347
348
349	CONTAINS
350
351
352	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
353	! Description:
354	! ------------
355	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
356	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
357	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
358	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
359	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
360	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
361	!> Tree Physiology 20).
362	!>
363	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
364	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
365	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
366	!>
367	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
368	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
369
370	!
371	!-- input parameters
372	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
373	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
374	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
375	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
376	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
377
378	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
379	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
380	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
381	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
382	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
383	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
384	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
385	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
386	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
387	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
388	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
389
390
391	!-- Temperature (deg C)
392	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
393	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
394	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
395	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
396	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
397	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
398	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
399	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
400	!-- Wind speed
401	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
402	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
403	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
404	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
405	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
406	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
407	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
408	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
409	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
410	f1 = rad * (1000.0_wp+42.1_wp) / 1000.0_wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
411	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
412	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
413	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
414	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
415	!-- Water pressure deficit
416	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
417	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
418	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
419	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
420	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
421	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
422	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
423	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
424	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
425	!-- Residual soil water content
426	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
427	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
428	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
429	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
430	f4 = MAX(0.0_wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
431	!-- Stomatal conductivity
432	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
433	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
434	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
435	!-- Decoupling factor
436	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
437	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
438	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
439	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
440	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
441	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
442	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
443	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
444	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
445	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
446	!-- Evaporation rate
447	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
448	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
449	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
450	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
451	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
452	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
453	!-- latent heat from evaporation
454	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
455
456	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
457
458
459	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
460	! Description:
461	! ------------
462	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
463	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
464	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
465
466	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
467	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
468
469
470	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
471
472	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
473	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
474	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
475	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
476	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
477	ENDIF
478	unit = 'K s-1'
479
480	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
481	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
482
483	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
484	unit = 'K s-1'
485
486	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
487	unit = 'm2 m-3'
488
489
490	CASE DEFAULT
491	unit = 'illegal'
492
493	END SELECT
494
495
496	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
497
498
499	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
500	! Description:
501	! ------------
502	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
503	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
504	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
505
506	IF ( ocean_mode ) THEN
507	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. is not allowed in the '// &
508	'ocean'
509	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0696', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
510	ENDIF
511
512	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
513	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
514	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
515	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
516	ENDIF
517
518	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
519	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
520	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
521	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
522	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
523	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
524	ENDIF
525
526	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
527	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
528	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
529	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
530	'lai_beta = 0.0'
531	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
532	ENDIF
533
534	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
535	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
536	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
537	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
538	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
539	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
540	'density profile'
541	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
542	ENDIF
543
544	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
545	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
546	' seifert_beheng'
547	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
548	ENDIF
549	!
550	!-- If canopy shall be read from file, static input file must be present
551	IF ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) == 'read_from_file' .AND. &
552	.NOT. input_pids_static ) THEN
553	message_string = 'canopy_mode = read_from_file requires ' // &
554	'static input file'
555	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0672', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
556	ENDIF
557
558	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
559
560
561	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
562	!
563	! Description:
564	! ------------
565	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
566	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
567	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
568
569	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
570	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
571
572	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
573	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
574	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
575
576
577	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
578
579	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
580
581	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
582	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
583	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
584	ENDIF
585	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
586
587
588	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
589	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
590	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
591	ENDIF
592	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
593
594
595	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
596	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
597	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
598	ENDIF
599	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
600
601	CASE DEFAULT
602	CONTINUE
603
604	END SELECT
605
606	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
607
608	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
609
610	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
611	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
612	DO i = nxl, nxr
613	DO j = nys, nyn
614	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
615	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
616	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
617	ENDDO
618	ENDIF
619	ENDDO
620	ENDDO
621	ENDIF
622
623
624	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
625	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
626	DO i = nxl, nxr
627	DO j = nys, nyn
628	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
629	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
630	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
631	ENDDO
632	ENDIF
633	ENDDO
634	ENDDO
635	ENDIF
636
637
638	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
639	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
640	DO i = nxl, nxr
641	DO j = nys, nyn
642	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
643	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
644	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
645	ENDDO
646	ENDIF
647	ENDDO
648	ENDDO
649	ENDIF
650
651	CASE DEFAULT
652	CONTINUE
653
654	END SELECT
655
656	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
657
658	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
659
660	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
661	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
662	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
663	DO j = nysg, nyng
664	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
665	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
666	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
667	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
668	ENDDO
669	ENDIF
670	ENDDO
671	ENDDO
672	ENDIF
673
674
675	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
676	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
677	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
678	DO j = nysg, nyng
679	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
680	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
681	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
682	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
683	ENDDO
684	ENDIF
685	ENDDO
686	ENDDO
687	ENDIF
688
689
690	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
691	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
692	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
693	DO j = nysg, nyng
694	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
695	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
696	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
697	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
698	ENDDO
699	ENDIF
700	ENDDO
701	ENDDO
702	ENDIF
703
704	END SELECT
705
706	ENDIF
707
708	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
709
710	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
711	!
712	! Description:
713	! ------------
714	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
715	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
716	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
717	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
718	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
719	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
720	nzb_do, nzt_do )
721
722	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< treated variable
723
724	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< flag indicating instantaneous or averaged data output
725	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x-direction
726	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y-direction
727	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z-direction
728	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
729	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
730
731	LOGICAL :: found !< flag indicating if variable is found
732
733	REAL(wp) :: fill_value !< fill value
734	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !< data output array
735
736
737	found = .TRUE.
738
739	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
740
741	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
742	!
743	!-- Note, to save memory arrays for heating are allocated from 0:pch_index.
744	!-- Thus, output must be relative to these array indices. Further, check
745	!-- whether the output is within the vertical output range,
746	!-- i.e. nzb_do:nzt_do, which is necessary as local_pf is only allocated
747	!-- for this index space. Note, plant-canopy output has a separate
748	!-- vertical output coordinate zlad, so that output is mapped down to the
749	!-- surface.
750	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
751	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
752	DO i = nxl, nxr
753	DO j = nys, nyn
754	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
755	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
756	ENDDO
757	ENDDO
758	ENDDO
759	ELSE
760	DO i = nxl, nxr
761	DO j = nys, nyn
762	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
763	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
764	ENDDO
765	ENDDO
766	ENDDO
767	ENDIF
768
769	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
770	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
771	DO i = nxl, nxr
772	DO j = nys, nyn
773	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
774	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
775	ENDDO
776	ENDDO
777	ENDDO
778	ELSE
779	DO i = nxl, nxr
780	DO j = nys, nyn
781	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
782	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
783	ENDDO
784	ENDDO
785	ENDDO
786	ENDIF
787
788	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
789	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
790	DO i = nxl, nxr
791	DO j = nys, nyn
792	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
793	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
794	ENDDO
795	ENDDO
796	ENDDO
797	ELSE
798	DO i = nxl, nxr
799	DO j = nys, nyn
800	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
801	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
802	ENDDO
803	ENDDO
804	ENDDO
805	ENDIF
806
807	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
808	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
809	DO i = nxl, nxr
810	DO j = nys, nyn
811	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
812	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
813	ENDDO
814	ENDDO
815	ENDDO
816	ENDIF
817
818	CASE DEFAULT
819	found = .FALSE.
820
821	END SELECT
822
823	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
824
825	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
826	!
827	! Description:
828	! ------------
829	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
830	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
831	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
832	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
833
834	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
835	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
836	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
837	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
838	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
839
840	found = .TRUE.
841
842	!
843	!-- Check for the grid. zpc is zu(nzb:nzb+pch_index)
844	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
845
846	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate')
847	grid_x = 'x'
848	grid_y = 'y'
849	grid_z = 'zpc'
850
851	CASE DEFAULT
852	found = .FALSE.
853	grid_x = 'none'
854	grid_y = 'none'
855	grid_z = 'none'
856	END SELECT
857
858	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
859
860
861	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
862	! Description:
863	! ------------
864	!> Header output for plant canopy model
865	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
866	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
867
868	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
869
870	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
871	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
872	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
873	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
874
875	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
876	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
877	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
878
879	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
880
881	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
882
883	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
884	canopy_drag_coeff
885	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
886	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
887	leaf_surface_conc
888	ENDIF
889
890	!
891	! Heat flux at the top of vegetation
892	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
893
894	!
895	! Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
896	! gradients or from beta probability density function.
897	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
898
899	! Building output strings, starting with surface value
900	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
901	gradients = '------'
902	slices = ' 0'
903	coordinates = ' 0.0'
904	DO i = 1, UBOUND(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind, DIM=1)
905	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) /= -9999 ) THEN
906
907	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
908	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
909
910	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
911	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
912
913	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
914	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
915
916	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
917	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
918	ELSE
919	EXIT
920	ENDIF
921	ENDDO
922
923	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
924	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
925
926	ELSE
927
928	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
929	coordinates = ' 0.0'
930
931	DO k = 1, pch_index
932
933	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
934	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
935	TRIM( coor_chr )
936
937	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
938	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
939
940	ENDDO
941
942	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
943	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
944
945	ENDIF
946
947	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
948	' ------------------------------'// &
949	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
950	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
951	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
952	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
953	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
954	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ', &
955	F6.2, ' K m/s')
956	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
957	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
958	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
959	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
960	' Gridpoint: ',A)
961	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
962	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
963	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
964	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
965	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
966	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
967
968	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
969
970
971	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
972	! Description:
973	! ------------
974	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
975	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
976	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
977
978	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
979	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
980	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
981	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
982
983	LOGICAL :: lad_on_top = .FALSE. !< dummy flag to indicate that LAD is defined on a building roof
984
985	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
986	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
987	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
988	REAL(wp) :: lad_max !< maximum LAD value in the model domain, used to perform a check
989
990	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
991	!
992	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
993	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
994	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
995	lad = 0.0_wp
996	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
997
998	!
999	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
1000	!-- a beta probability density function
1001	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1002	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
1003	ENDIF
1004
1005
1006	!
1007	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
1008	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
1009	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
1010	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
1011	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
1012	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
1013
1014	!
1015	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
1016	i = 1
1017	gradient = 0.0_wp
1018
1019	lad(0) = lad_surface
1020	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
1021
1022	DO k = 1, pch_index
1023	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
1024	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
1025	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1026	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
1027	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
1028	i = i + 1
1029	ENDIF
1030	ENDIF
1031	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1032	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
1033	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
1034	ELSE
1035	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
1036	ENDIF
1037	ELSE
1038	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
1039	ENDIF
1040	ENDDO
1041
1042	!
1043	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
1044	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
1045	!-- file.
1046	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1047	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
1048	ENDIF
1049
1050	ELSE
1051
1052	!
1053	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
1054	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
1055	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
1056
1057	DO k = 0, pch_index
1058	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
1059	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1060	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
1061	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1062	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
1063	ENDDO
1064
1065	!
1066	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
1067	DO k = 0, pch_index
1068	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
1069	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1070	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
1071	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
1072	) / canopy_height
1073	ENDDO
1074
1075	!
1076	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
1077	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
1078	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
1079	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
1080	DO k = 1, pch_index
1081	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
1082	ENDDO
1083
1084	ENDIF
1085
1086	!
1087	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
1088	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1089
1090	!
1091	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
1092	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' initializes a canopy, which
1093	!-- fully covers the domain surface
1094	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
1095
1096	CASE( 'homogeneous' )
1097
1098	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1099	DO j = nysg, nyng
1100	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
1101	ENDDO
1102	ENDDO
1103
1104	CASE ( 'read_from_file' )
1105	!
1106	!-- Read plant canopy
1107	IF ( input_pids_static ) THEN
1108	!
1109	!-- Open the static input file
1110	#if defined( __netcdf )
1111	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
1112	TRIM( coupling_char ), &
1113	pids_id )
1114
1115	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
1116	!
1117	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them
1118	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
1119	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
1120	!
1121	!-- Read leaf area density - resolved vegetation
1122	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'lad' ) ) THEN
1123	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
1124	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
1125	leaf_area_density_f%fill, &
1126	.FALSE., 'lad' )
1127	!
1128	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
1129	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
1130	leaf_area_density_f%nz, &
1131	'zlad' )
1132	!
1133	!-- Allocate variable for leaf-area density
1134	ALLOCATE( leaf_area_density_f%var &
1135	(0:leaf_area_density_f%nz-1, &
1136	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
1137
1138	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'lad', leaf_area_density_f%var, &
1139	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
1140	0, leaf_area_density_f%nz-1 )
1141
1142	ELSE
1143	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
1144	ENDIF
1145	!
1146	!-- Read basal area density - resolved vegetation
1147	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'bad' ) ) THEN
1148	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
1149	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
1150	basal_area_density_f%fill, &
1151	.FALSE., 'bad' )
1152	!
1153	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
1154	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
1155	basal_area_density_f%nz, &
1156	'zlad' )
1157	!
1158	!-- Allocate variable
1159	ALLOCATE( basal_area_density_f%var &
1160	(0:basal_area_density_f%nz-1, &
1161	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
1162
1163	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'bad', basal_area_density_f%var,&
1164	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
1165	0, basal_area_density_f%nz-1 )
1166	ELSE
1167	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
1168	ENDIF
1169	!
1170	!-- Read root area density - resolved vegetation
1171	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'root_area_dens_r' ) ) THEN
1172	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .TRUE.
1173	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
1174	root_area_density_lad_f%fill, &
1175	.FALSE., 'root_area_dens_r' )
1176	!
1177	!-- Inquire number of vertical soil layers
1178	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
1179	root_area_density_lad_f%nz, &
1180	'zsoil' )
1181	!
1182	!-- Allocate variable
1183	ALLOCATE( root_area_density_lad_f%var &
1184	(0:root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1,&
1185	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
1186
1187	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'root_area_dens_r', &
1188	root_area_density_lad_f%var, &
1189	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
1190	0, root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1 )
1191	ELSE
1192	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .FALSE.
1193	ENDIF
1194
1195	DEALLOCATE( vars_pids )
1196	!
1197	!-- Finally, close the input file and deallocate temporary array
1198	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
1199	#endif
1200	ENDIF
1201
1202	!
1203	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
1204	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
1205	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
1206	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
1207	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1208	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
1209	!
1210	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
1211	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
1212	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
1213
1214	DO i = nxl, nxr
1215	DO j = nys, nyn
1216	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
1217	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
1218	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
1219	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
1220	ENDDO
1221	!
1222	!-- Check if resolved vegetation is mapped onto buildings.
1223	!-- In general, this is allowed and also meaningful, e.g.
1224	!-- when trees carry across roofs. However, due to the
1225	!-- topography filtering, new building grid points can emerge
1226	!-- at location where also plant canopy is defined. As a
1227	!-- result, plant canopy is mapped on top of roofs, with
1228	!-- siginficant impact on the downstream flow field and the
1229	!-- nearby surface radiation. In order to avoid that
1230	!-- plant canopy is mistakenly mapped onto building roofs,
1231	!-- check for building grid points (bit 6) that emerge from
1232	!-- the filtering (bit 4) and set LAD to zero at these
1233	!-- artificially created building grid points. This case,
1234	!-- an informative message is given.
1235	IF ( ANY( lad_s(:,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) .AND. &
1236	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
1237	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 4 ) ) ) THEN
1238	lad_s(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1239	lad_on_top = .TRUE.
1240	ENDIF
1241	ENDDO
1242	ENDDO
1243	#if defined( __parallel )
1244	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_on_top, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
1245	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr)
1246	#endif
1247	IF ( lad_on_top ) THEN
1248	WRITE( message_string, * ) &
1249	'Resolved plant-canopy is ' // &
1250	'defined on top of an artificially '// &
1251	'created building grid point(s) ' // &
1252	'(emerged from the filtering) - ' // &
1253	'LAD profile is omitted at this / ' // &
1254	'these grid point(s).'
1255	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0313', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
1256	ENDIF
1257	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1258	!
1259	! ASCII file
1260	!-- Initialize canopy parameters canopy_drag_coeff,
1261	!-- leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, leaf_surface_conc
1262	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
1263	!-- each location).
1264	ELSE
1265	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1266	ENDIF
1267
1268	CASE DEFAULT
1269	!
1270	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
1271	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
1272	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
1273	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
1274	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
1275	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
1276
1277	END SELECT
1278	!
1279	!-- Check that at least one grid point has an LAD /= 0, else this may
1280	!-- cause errors in the radiation model.
1281	lad_max = MAXVAL( lad_s )
1282	#if defined( __parallel )
1283	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_max, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, &
1284	comm2d, ierr)
1285	#endif
1286	IF ( lad_max <= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1287	message_string = 'Plant-canopy model is switched-on but no ' // &
1288	'plant canopy is present in the model domain.'
1289	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0685', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1290	ENDIF
1291
1292	!
1293	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
1294	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1295	pch_index_ji = 0
1296
1297	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1298	DO j = nysg, nyng
1299	DO k = 0, pch_index
1300	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
1301	ENDDO
1302	!
1303	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
1304	!-- height of the model domain.
1305	IF ( topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
1306	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
1307	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
1308	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, myid, 6, 0 )
1309	ENDIF
1310
1311	ENDDO
1312	ENDDO
1313	!
1314	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
1315	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
1316	!
1317	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
1318	#if defined( __parallel )
1319	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
1320	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
1321	#endif
1322	!
1323	!-- Allocation of arrays pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate and pcm_latent_rate
1324	ALLOCATE( pcm_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1325	pcm_heating_rate = 0.0_wp
1326
1327	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1328	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1329	pcm_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
1330	ALLOCATE( pcm_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1331	pcm_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
1332	ENDIF
1333	!
1334	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
1335	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
1336	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
1337	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
1338	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
1339	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
1340	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
1341	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
1342	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
1343	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
1344	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
1345	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pcm_heating_rate)
1346	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pcm_transpiration_rate, pcm_latent_rate)
1347	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
1348	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1349
1350	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1351	!
1352	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
1353	!-- integration of the leaf area density
1354	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1355	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1356	DO j = nysg, nyng
1357	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
1358	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
1359	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
1360	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
1361	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
1362	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
1363	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
1364	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1365	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
1366	ELSE
1367	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
1368	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
1369	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
1370	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1371	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
1372	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
1373	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
1374	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1375	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
1376	ENDIF
1377	ENDDO
1378	ENDDO
1379	ENDDO
1380
1381	!
1382	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
1383	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
1384	!-- Start with default surface type
1385	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
1386	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
1387	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
1388	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1389	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1390	ENDDO
1391	!
1392	!-- Natural surfaces
1393	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
1394	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
1395	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
1396	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1397	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1398	ENDDO
1399	!
1400	!-- Urban surfaces
1401	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
1402	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
1403	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
1404	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1405	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1406	ENDDO
1407	!
1408	!
1409	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
1410	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
1411	!-- canopy.
1412	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
1413	!-- rate (pcm_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
1414	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
1415	!-- of the respective layer
1416	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1417	DO j = nysg, nyng
1418	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
1419	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1420	pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
1421	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
1422	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
1423	ENDIF
1424	ENDDO
1425	ENDDO
1426	ENDDO
1427
1428	ENDIF
1429
1430	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
1431
1432	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
1433
1434
1435	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1436	! Description:
1437	! ------------
1438	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
1439	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1440	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1441
1442	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
1443
1444	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
1445	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1446	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1447	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1448	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1449	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1450	lai_beta, &
1451	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1452	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
1453	plant_canopy_transpiration
1454
1455	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1456	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1457	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1458	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1459	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1460	lai_beta, &
1461	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1462	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
1463	plant_canopy_transpiration
1464
1465	line = ' '
1466
1467	!
1468	!-- Try to find plant-canopy model package
1469	REWIND ( 11 )
1470	line = ' '
1471	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
1472	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
1473	ENDDO
1474	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1475
1476	!
1477	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1478	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
1479
1480	!
1481	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
1482	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1483
1484	GOTO 14
1485
1486	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1487	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1488	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
1489	!
1490	!-- Try to find old namelist
1491	12 REWIND ( 11 )
1492	line = ' '
1493	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
1494	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
1495	ENDDO
1496	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1497
1498	!
1499	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1500	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
1501
1502	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
1503	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
1504	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
1505	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
1506
1507	!
1508	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
1509	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1510
1511	GOTO 14
1512
1513	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1514	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1515	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
1516
1517	14 CONTINUE
1518
1519	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1520
1521
1522	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1523	! Description:
1524	! ------------
1525	!
1526	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
1527	!>
1528	!> num_levels
1529	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1530	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1531	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1532	!> ...
1533	!>
1534	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
1535	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
1536	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
1537	!>
1538	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
1539	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
1540	!>
1541	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
1542	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
1543	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1544	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1545
1546	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
1547	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
1548	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
1549	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
1550	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
1551	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
1552	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
1553
1554	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
1555
1556	!
1557	!-- Initialize lad_s array
1558	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1559
1560	!
1561	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
1562	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
1563	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
1564	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
1565	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
1566	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
1567	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
1568	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
1569
1570	DO
1571	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
1572	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
1573
1574	SELECT CASE (dtype)
1575	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
1576	!
1577	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
1578	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
1579	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
1580	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
1581	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
1582	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
1583	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
1584	'but pctype is ', pctype
1585	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1586	ENDIF
1587	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1588	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
1589	CASE DEFAULT
1590	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
1591	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
1592	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1593	END SELECT
1594	ENDDO
1595
1596	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1597	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1598
1599	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1600	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1601
1602	517 CLOSE(152)
1603	DEALLOCATE( col )
1604
1605	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1606
1607	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1608
1609	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1610	! Description:
1611	! ------------
1612	!> Subroutine reads local (subdomain) restart data
1613	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1614	SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local( k, nxlf, nxlc, nxl_on_file, nxrf, nxrc, &
1615	nxr_on_file, nynf, nync, nyn_on_file, nysf, &
1616	nysc, nys_on_file, found )
1617
1618	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
1619	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
1620	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
1621	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
1622	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
1623	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
1624	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
1625	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
1626	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
1627	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
1628	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
1629	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
1630	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
1631
1632	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
1633
1634	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:pch_index, &
1635	nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp, &
1636	nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) :: tmp_3d2 !< temporary 3D array for entire vertical
1637	!< extension of canopy layer
1638	found = .TRUE.
1639
1640	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
1641
1642	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
1643	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
1644	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1645	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
1646	ENDIF
1647	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
1648	pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
1649	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
1650
1651	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
1652	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
1653	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1654	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
1655	ENDIF
1656	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
1657	pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
1658	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
1659
1660	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
1661	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
1662	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1663	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
1664	ENDIF
1665	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
1666	pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
1667	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
1668
1669	CASE DEFAULT
1670
1671	found = .FALSE.
1672
1673	END SELECT
1674
1675	END SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local
1676
1677	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1678	! Description:
1679	! ------------
1680	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
1681	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
1682	!>
1683	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
1684	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1685	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
1686	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
1687	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1688	!>
1689	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
1690	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
1691	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
1692	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
1693	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
1694	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
1695	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
1696	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
1697	!>
1698	!>
1699	!> Call for all grid points
1700	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1701	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
1702
1703	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1704	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1705	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1706	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1707	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1708
1709	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
1710	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
1711	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
1712	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
1713
1714	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1715	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1716	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1717	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1718	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1719	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1720
1721
1722	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
1723
1724	!
1725	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
1726	SELECT CASE ( component )
1727
1728	!
1729	!-- u-component
1730	CASE ( 1 )
1731	DO i = nxlu, nxr
1732	DO j = nys, nyn
1733	!
1734	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
1735	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
1736	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
1737	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
1738	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
1739	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
1740	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )&
1741	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
1742	!
1743	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
1744	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1745
1746	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1747	!
1748	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1749	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1750	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1751	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1752	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1753	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
1754	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
1755	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
1756	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
1757	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
1758	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
1759	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1760	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp &
1761	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1762	!
1763	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
1764	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
1765	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
1766	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
1767	!-- point (j,i-1).
1768	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp &
1769	.AND. building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1770
1771	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1772	pre_u = 0.0_wp
1773	!
1774	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1775	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
1776	lad_local * &
1777	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
1778	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
1779	v(k,j,i) + &
1780	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1781	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
1782	)**2 + &
1783	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
1784	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1785	w(k,j,i-1) + &
1786	w(k,j,i) ) &
1787	)**2 &
1788	) * &
1789	u(k,j,i)
1790
1791	!
1792	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1793	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1794	!
1795	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1796	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1797	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
1798	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1799	ENDIF
1800	!
1801	!-- Calculate final tendency
1802	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1803
1804	ENDDO
1805	ENDDO
1806	ENDDO
1807
1808	!
1809	!-- v-component
1810	CASE ( 2 )
1811	DO i = nxl, nxr
1812	DO j = nysv, nyn
1813	!
1814	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
1815	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
1816	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
1817	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
1818	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
1819	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
1820	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )&
1821	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
1822	!
1823	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
1824	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1825
1826	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1827	!
1828	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1829	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1830	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1831	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1832	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1833	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
1834	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
1835	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
1836	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
1837	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
1838	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
1839	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1840	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp &
1841	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1842	!
1843	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
1844	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
1845	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
1846	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
1847	!-- point (j,i-1).
1848	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp &
1849	.AND. building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1850
1851	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1852	pre_v = 0.0_wp
1853	!
1854	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1855	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
1856	lad_local * &
1857	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
1858	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
1859	u(k,j,i) + &
1860	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1861	)**2 + &
1862	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
1863	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
1864	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1865	w(k,j-1,i) + &
1866	w(k,j,i) ) &
1867	)**2 &
1868	) * &
1869	v(k,j,i)
1870
1871	!
1872	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1873	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1874	!
1875	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1876	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1877	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
1878	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1879	ELSE
1880	pre_tend = pre_tend
1881	ENDIF
1882	!
1883	!-- Calculate final tendency
1884	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1885
1886	ENDDO
1887	ENDDO
1888	ENDDO
1889
1890	!
1891	!-- w-component
1892	CASE ( 3 )
1893	DO i = nxl, nxr
1894	DO j = nys, nyn
1895	!
1896	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
1897	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
1898
1899	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1900
1901	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1902	pre_w = 0.0_wp
1903	!
1904	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1905	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
1906	(0.5_wp * &
1907	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
1908	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1909	u(k,j,i+1) + &
1910	u(k+1,j,i) + &
1911	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
1912	)**2 + &
1913	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1914	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1915	v(k+1,j,i) + &
1916	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
1917	)**2 + &
1918	w(k,j,i)**2 &
1919	) * &
1920	w(k,j,i)
1921	!
1922	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1923	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1924	!
1925	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1926	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1927	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
1928	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1929	ELSE
1930	pre_tend = pre_tend
1931	ENDIF
1932	!
1933	!-- Calculate final tendency
1934	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1935
1936	ENDDO
1937	ENDDO
1938	ENDDO
1939
1940	!
1941	!-- potential temperature
1942	CASE ( 4 )
1943	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1944	DO i = nxl, nxr
1945	DO j = nys, nyn
1946	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1947	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1948	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1949	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
1950	ENDDO
1951	ENDDO
1952	ENDDO
1953	ELSE
1954	DO i = nxl, nxr
1955	DO j = nys, nyn
1956	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1957	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1958	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1959	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
1960	ENDDO
1961	ENDDO
1962	ENDDO
1963	ENDIF
1964
1965	!
1966	!-- humidity
1967	CASE ( 5 )
1968	DO i = nxl, nxr
1969	DO j = nys, nyn
1970	!
1971	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1972	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1973
1974	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1975
1976	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
1977	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
1978	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
1979	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
1980	! in the plant canopy box
1981	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
1982	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1983	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1984	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1985	)**2 + &
1986	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1987	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1988	)**2 + &
1989	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1990	w(k,j,i) ) &
1991	)**2 &
1992	) * &
1993	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
1994	ENDIF
1995
1996	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
1997	ENDDO
1998	ENDDO
1999	ENDDO
2000
2001	!
2002	!-- sgs-tke
2003	CASE ( 6 )
2004	DO i = nxl, nxr
2005	DO j = nys, nyn
2006	!
2007	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
2008	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2009
2010	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2011	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2012	2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
2013	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2014	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2015	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2016	)**2 + &
2017	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2018	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2019	)**2 + &
2020	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
2021	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
2022	)**2 &
2023	) * &
2024	e(k,j,i)
2025	ENDDO
2026	ENDDO
2027	ENDDO
2028	!
2029	!-- scalar concentration
2030	CASE ( 7 )
2031	DO i = nxl, nxr
2032	DO j = nys, nyn
2033	!
2034	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
2035	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2036
2037	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2038	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2039	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
2040	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2041	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2042	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2043	)**2 + &
2044	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2045	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2046	)**2 + &
2047	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2048	w(k,j,i) ) &
2049	)**2 &
2050	) * &
2051	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
2052	ENDDO
2053	ENDDO
2054	ENDDO
2055
2056
2057
2058	CASE DEFAULT
2059
2060	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
2061	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2062
2063	END SELECT
2064
2065	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
2066
2067
2068	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2069	! Description:
2070	! ------------
2071	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
2072	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
2073	!>
2074	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
2075	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
2076	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
2077	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
2078	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
2079	!>
2080	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
2081	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
2082	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
2083	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
2084	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
2085	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
2086	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
2087	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
2088	!>
2089	!>
2090	!> Call for grid point i,j
2091	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2092	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
2093
2094	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
2095	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2096	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2097	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2098	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
2099
2100	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
2101	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
2102	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
2103	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
2104
2105	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
2106	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
2107	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
2108	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
2109	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
2110	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
2111
2112
2113	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
2114	!
2115	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
2116	SELECT CASE ( component )
2117
2118	!
2119	!-- u-component
2120	CASE ( 1 )
2121	!
2122	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
2123	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
2124	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
2125	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
2126	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2127	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
2128	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2129	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
2130	!
2131	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
2132	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2133
2134	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2135
2136	!
2137	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
2138	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
2139	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
2140	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
2141	!-- than inside of the canopy.
2142	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
2143	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
2144	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
2145	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
2146	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
2147	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
2148	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
2149	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
2150	.NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
2151	!
2152	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
2153	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
2154	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
2155	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
2156	!-- point (j,i-1).
2157	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
2158	building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
2159
2160	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2161	pre_u = 0.0_wp
2162	!
2163	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2164	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
2165	lad_local * &
2166	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
2167	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
2168	v(k,j,i) + &
2169	v(k,j+1,i) + &
2170	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
2171	)**2 + &
2172	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
2173	w(k-1,j,i) + &
2174	w(k,j,i-1) + &
2175	w(k,j,i) ) &
2176	)**2 &
2177	) * &
2178	u(k,j,i)
2179
2180	!
2181	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2182	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2183	!
2184	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
2185	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
2186	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
2187	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2188	ELSE
2189	pre_tend = pre_tend
2190	ENDIF
2191	!
2192	!-- Calculate final tendency
2193	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2194	ENDDO
2195
2196
2197	!
2198	!-- v-component
2199	CASE ( 2 )
2200	!
2201	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
2202	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
2203	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
2204	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
2205	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2206	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
2207	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2208	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
2209	!
2210	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
2211	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2212
2213	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2214	!
2215	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
2216	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
2217	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
2218	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
2219	!-- than inside of the canopy.
2220	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
2221	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
2222	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
2223	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
2224	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
2225	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
2226	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
2227	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
2228	.NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2229	!
2230	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
2231	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
2232	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
2233	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
2234	!-- point (j,i-1).
2235	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
2236	building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2237
2238	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2239	pre_v = 0.0_wp
2240	!
2241	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2242	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
2243	lad_local * &
2244	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
2245	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
2246	u(k,j,i) + &
2247	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2248	)**2 + &
2249	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
2250	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
2251	w(k-1,j,i) + &
2252	w(k,j-1,i) + &
2253	w(k,j,i) ) &
2254	)**2 &
2255	) * &
2256	v(k,j,i)
2257
2258	!
2259	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2260	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2261	!
2262	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
2263	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
2264	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
2265	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2266	ELSE
2267	pre_tend = pre_tend
2268	ENDIF
2269	!
2270	!-- Calculate final tendency
2271	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2272	ENDDO
2273
2274
2275	!
2276	!-- w-component
2277	CASE ( 3 )
2278	!
2279	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
2280	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
2281
2282	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2283
2284	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2285	pre_w = 0.0_wp
2286	!
2287	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2288	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
2289	(0.5_wp * &
2290	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
2291	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2292	u(k,j,i+1) + &
2293	u(k+1,j,i) + &
2294	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
2295	)**2 + &
2296	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2297	v(k,j+1,i) + &
2298	v(k+1,j,i) + &
2299	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
2300	)**2 + &
2301	w(k,j,i)**2 &
2302	) * &
2303	w(k,j,i)
2304	!
2305	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2306	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2307	!
2308	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
2309	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
2310	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
2311	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2312	ELSE
2313	pre_tend = pre_tend
2314	ENDIF
2315	!
2316	!-- Calculate final tendency
2317	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2318	ENDDO
2319
2320	!
2321	!-- potential temperature
2322	CASE ( 4 )
2323	!
2324	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2325	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2326	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2327	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2328	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
2329	pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
2330	ENDDO
2331	ELSE
2332	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2333	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2334	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
2335	ENDDO
2336	ENDIF
2337
2338	!
2339	!-- humidity
2340	CASE ( 5 )
2341	!
2342	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2343	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2344	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2345	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
2346	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
2347	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
2348	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
2349	! in the plant canopy box
2350	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
2351	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2352	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2353	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2354	)**2 + &
2355	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2356	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2357	)**2 + &
2358	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2359	w(k,j,i) ) &
2360	)**2 &
2361	) * &
2362	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
2363	ENDIF
2364
2365	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
2366
2367	ENDDO
2368
2369	!
2370	!-- sgs-tke
2371	CASE ( 6 )
2372	!
2373	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2374	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2375
2376	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2377	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2378	2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
2379	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2380	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2381	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2382	)**2 + &
2383	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2384	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2385	)**2 + &
2386	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
2387	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
2388	)**2 &
2389	) * &
2390	e(k,j,i)
2391	ENDDO
2392
2393	!
2394	!-- scalar concentration
2395	CASE ( 7 )
2396	!
2397	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2398	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2399
2400	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2401	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2402	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
2403	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2404	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2405	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2406	)**2 + &
2407	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2408	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2409	)**2 + &
2410	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2411	w(k,j,i) ) &
2412	)**2 &
2413	) * &
2414	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
2415	ENDDO
2416
2417	CASE DEFAULT
2418
2419	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
2420	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2421
2422	END SELECT
2423
2424	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
2425
2426	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2427	! Description:
2428	! ------------
2429	!> Subroutine writes local (subdomain) restart data
2430	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2431	SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
2432
2433	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
2434	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
2435	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_heatrate_av
2436	ENDIF
2437
2438	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
2439	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
2440	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_latentrate_av
2441	ENDIF
2442
2443	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
2444	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
2445	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_transpirationrate_av
2446	ENDIF
2447
2448	END SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
2449
2450
2451	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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