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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4329

Last change on this file since 4329 was 4329, checked in by motisi, 4 years ago
Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 96.3 KB

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1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	! Copyright 2017-2019 Institute of Computer Science of the
19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
21	!
22	! Current revisions:
23	! ------------------
24	!
25	!
26	! Former revisions:
27	! -----------------
28	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi $
29	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
30	!
31	! 4314 2019-11-29 10:29:20Z suehring
32	! - Bugfix, plant canopy was still considered at building edges on for the u-
33	! and v-component.
34	! - Relax restriction of LAD on building tops. LAD is only omitted at
35	! locations where building grid points emerged artificially by the
36	! topography filtering.
37	!
38	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
39	! Typo
40	!
41	! 4302 2019-11-22 13:15:56Z suehring
42	! Omit tall canopy mapped on top of buildings
43	!
44	! 4279 2019-10-29 08:48:17Z scharf
45	! unused variables removed
46	!
47	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z scharf
48	! changed check for static driver and fixed bugs in initialization and header
49	!
50	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z suehring
51	! Check if any LAD is prescribed when plant-canopy model is applied.
52	!
53	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
54	! Bugfix, missing initialization of heating rate
55	!
56	! 4221 2019-09-09 08:50:35Z suehring
57	! Further bugfix in 3d data output for plant canopy
58	!
59	! 4216 2019-09-04 09:09:03Z suehring
60	! Bugfixes in 3d data output
61	!
62	! 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring
63	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
64	!
65	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
66	! Minor adjustment in error number
67	!
68	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
69	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
70	!
71	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
72	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
73	!
74	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
75	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
76	!
77	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
78	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
79	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
80	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
81	! (merge from branch resler)
82	!
83	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
84	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
85	! of additional debug messages
86	!
87	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
88	! unsed variables removed
89	!
90	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
91	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
92	! becomes > 40 degrees
93	!
94	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
95	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
96	!
97	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
98	! unused variables removed
99	!
100	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
101	! Initial revision
102	!
103	! Description:
104	! ------------
105	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
106	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
107	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
108	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
109	!
110	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
111	! @todo - unify variable names (pcm_, pc_, ...)
112	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
113	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
114
115	USE arrays_3d, &
116	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
117
118	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
119	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
120
121	USE control_parameters, &
122	ONLY: debug_output, humidity
123
124	USE indices, &
125	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
126	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind, wall_flags_static_0
127
128	USE kinds
129
130	USE pegrid
131
132
133	IMPLICIT NONE
134
135
136	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
137	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
138	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
139	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
140
141	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
142	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
143
144	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
145
146	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
147
148	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
149	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
150	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
151	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
152	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
153	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
154	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
155	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
156	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
157	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
158	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
159	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
160	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
161
162	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
163	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
164
165	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
166	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
167
168	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
169	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
170
171	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
172	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
173	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
174	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
175	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
176
177	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
178	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
179	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
180
181	SAVE
182
183
184	PRIVATE
185
186	!
187	!-- Public functions
188	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, pcm_check_data_output, &
189	pcm_check_parameters, pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
190	pcm_data_output_3d, pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
191	pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
192
193	!
194	!-- Public variables and constants
195	PUBLIC cdc, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate, &
196	canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, pch_index, &
197	plant_canopy_transpiration
198
199	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
200	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
201	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
202
203	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
204	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
205	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
206
207	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
208	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
209	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
210
211	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
212	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
213	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
214
215	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
216	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
217	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
218
219	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
220	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
221	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
222
223	INTERFACE pcm_header
224	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
225	END INTERFACE pcm_header
226
227	INTERFACE pcm_init
228	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
229	END INTERFACE pcm_init
230
231	INTERFACE pcm_parin
232	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
233	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
234
235	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
236	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
237	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
238
239	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
240	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
241	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
242	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
243
244
245	CONTAINS
246
247
248
249	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
250	! Description:
251	! ------------
252	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
253	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
254	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
255	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
256	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
257	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
258	!> Tree Physiology 20).
259	!>
260	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
261	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
262	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
263	!>
264	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
265	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
266
267	USE control_parameters, &
268	ONLY: dz
269
270	USE grid_variables, &
271	ONLY: dx, dy
272
273	IMPLICIT NONE
274	!-- input parameters
275	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
276	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
277	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
278	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
279	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
280
281	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
282	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
283	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
284	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
285	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
286	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
287	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
288	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
289	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
290	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
291	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
292
293
294	!-- Temperature (deg C)
295	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
296	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
297	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
298	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
299	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
300	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
301	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
302	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
303	!-- Wind speed
304	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
305	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
306	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
307	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
308	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
309	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
310	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
311	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
312	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
313	f1 = rad * (1000.0_wp+42.1_wp) / 1000.0_wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
314	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
315	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
316	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
317	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
318	!-- Water pressure deficit
319	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
320	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
321	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
322	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
323	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
324	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
325	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
326	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
327	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
328	!-- Residual soil water content
329	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
330	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
331	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
332	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
333	f4 = MAX(0.0_wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
334	!-- Stomatal conductivity
335	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
336	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
337	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
338	!-- Decoupling factor
339	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
340	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
341	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
342	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
343	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
344	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
345	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
346	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
347	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
348	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
349	!-- Evaporation rate
350	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
351	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
352	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
353	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
354	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
355	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
356	!-- latent heat from evaporation
357	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
358
359	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
360
361
362	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
363	! Description:
364	! ------------
365	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
366	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
367	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
368
369	USE control_parameters, &
370	ONLY: message_string, urban_surface
371
372	IMPLICIT NONE
373
374	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
375	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
376
377
378	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
379
380	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
381	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
382	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
383	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
384	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
385	ENDIF
386	unit = 'K s-1'
387
388	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
389	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
390
391	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
392	unit = 'K s-1'
393
394	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
395	unit = 'K s-1'
396
397	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
398	unit = 'm2 m-3'
399
400
401	CASE DEFAULT
402	unit = 'illegal'
403
404	END SELECT
405
406
407	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
408
409
410	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
411	! Description:
412	! ------------
413	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
414	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
415	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
416
417	USE control_parameters, &
418	ONLY: message_string
419
420	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
421	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
422
423	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
424	ONLY: input_pids_static
425
426
427	IMPLICIT NONE
428
429	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
430	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
431	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
432	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
433	ENDIF
434
435	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
436	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
437	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
438	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
439	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
440	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
441	ENDIF
442
443	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
444	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
445	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
446	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
447	'lai_beta = 0.0'
448	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
449	ENDIF
450
451	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
452	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
453	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
454	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
455	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
456	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
457	'density profile'
458	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
459	ENDIF
460
461	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
462	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
463	' seifert_beheng'
464	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
465	ENDIF
466	!
467	!-- If canopy shall be read from file, static input file must be present
468	IF ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) == 'read_from_file_3d' .AND. &
469	.NOT. input_pids_static ) THEN
470	message_string = 'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d requires ' // &
471	'static input file'
472	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0672', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
473	ENDIF
474
475
476	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
477
478
479	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
480	!
481	! Description:
482	! ------------
483	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
484	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
485	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
486
487
488	USE control_parameters
489
490	USE indices
491
492	USE kinds
493
494	IMPLICIT NONE
495
496	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
497	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
498
499	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
500	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
501	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
502
503
504	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
505
506	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
507
508	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
509	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
510	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
511	ENDIF
512	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
513
514
515	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
516	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
517	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
518	ENDIF
519	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
520
521
522	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
523	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
524	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
525	ENDIF
526	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
527
528	CASE DEFAULT
529	CONTINUE
530
531	END SELECT
532
533	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
534
535	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
536
537	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
538	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
539	DO i = nxl, nxr
540	DO j = nys, nyn
541	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
542	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
543	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
544	ENDDO
545	ENDIF
546	ENDDO
547	ENDDO
548	ENDIF
549
550
551	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
552	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
553	DO i = nxl, nxr
554	DO j = nys, nyn
555	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
556	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
557	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
558	ENDDO
559	ENDIF
560	ENDDO
561	ENDDO
562	ENDIF
563
564
565	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
566	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
567	DO i = nxl, nxr
568	DO j = nys, nyn
569	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
570	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
571	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
572	ENDDO
573	ENDIF
574	ENDDO
575	ENDDO
576	ENDIF
577
578	CASE DEFAULT
579	CONTINUE
580
581	END SELECT
582
583	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
584
585	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
586
587	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
588	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
589	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
590	DO j = nysg, nyng
591	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
592	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
593	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
594	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
595	ENDDO
596	ENDIF
597	ENDDO
598	ENDDO
599	ENDIF
600
601
602	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
603	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
604	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
605	DO j = nysg, nyng
606	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
607	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
608	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
609	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
610	ENDDO
611	ENDIF
612	ENDDO
613	ENDDO
614	ENDIF
615
616
617	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
618	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
619	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
620	DO j = nysg, nyng
621	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
622	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
623	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
624	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
625	ENDDO
626	ENDIF
627	ENDDO
628	ENDDO
629	ENDIF
630
631	END SELECT
632
633	ENDIF
634
635	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
636
637	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
638	!
639	! Description:
640	! ------------
641	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
642	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
643	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
644	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
645	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
646	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
647	nzb_do, nzt_do )
648
649	USE indices
650
651	USE kinds
652
653
654	IMPLICIT NONE
655
656	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< treated variable
657
658	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< flag indicating instantaneous or averaged data output
659	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x-direction
660	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y-direction
661	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z-direction
662	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
663	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
664
665	LOGICAL :: found !< flag indicating if variable is found
666
667	REAL(wp) :: fill_value !< fill value
668	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !< data output array
669
670
671	found = .TRUE.
672
673	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
674
675	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
676	!
677	!-- Note, to save memory arrays for heating are allocated from 0:pch_index.
678	!-- Thus, output must be relative to these array indices. Further, check
679	!-- whether the output is within the vertical output range,
680	!-- i.e. nzb_do:nzt_do, which is necessary as local_pf is only allocated
681	!-- for this index space. Note, plant-canopy output has a separate
682	!-- vertical output coordinate zlad, so that output is mapped down to the
683	!-- surface.
684	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
685	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
686	DO i = nxl, nxr
687	DO j = nys, nyn
688	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
689	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
690	ENDDO
691	ENDDO
692	ENDDO
693	ELSE
694	DO i = nxl, nxr
695	DO j = nys, nyn
696	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
697	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
698	ENDDO
699	ENDDO
700	ENDDO
701	ENDIF
702
703	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
704	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
705	DO i = nxl, nxr
706	DO j = nys, nyn
707	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
708	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
709	ENDDO
710	ENDDO
711	ENDDO
712	ELSE
713	DO i = nxl, nxr
714	DO j = nys, nyn
715	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
716	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
717	ENDDO
718	ENDDO
719	ENDDO
720	ENDIF
721
722	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
723	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
724	DO i = nxl, nxr
725	DO j = nys, nyn
726	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
727	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
728	ENDDO
729	ENDDO
730	ENDDO
731	ELSE
732	DO i = nxl, nxr
733	DO j = nys, nyn
734	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
735	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
736	ENDDO
737	ENDDO
738	ENDDO
739	ENDIF
740
741	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
742	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
743	DO i = nxl, nxr
744	DO j = nys, nyn
745	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
746	IF ( pc_latent_rate(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
747	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) / &
748	pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
749	ENDIF
750	ENDDO
751	ENDDO
752	ENDDO
753	ELSE
754	DO i = nxl, nxr
755	DO j = nys, nyn
756	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
757	IF ( pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
758	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) / &
759	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
760	ENDIF
761	ENDDO
762	ENDDO
763	ENDDO
764	ENDIF
765
766	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
767	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
768	DO i = nxl, nxr
769	DO j = nys, nyn
770	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
771	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
772	ENDDO
773	ENDDO
774	ENDDO
775	ENDIF
776
777	CASE DEFAULT
778	found = .FALSE.
779
780	END SELECT
781
782
783	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
784
785	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
786	!
787	! Description:
788	! ------------
789	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
790	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
791	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
792	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
793
794	IMPLICIT NONE
795
796	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
797	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
798	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
799	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
800	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
801
802	found = .TRUE.
803
804	!
805	!-- Check for the grid
806	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
807
808	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate', 'pcm_bowenratio')
809	grid_x = 'x'
810	grid_y = 'y'
811	grid_z = 'zpc'
812
813	CASE DEFAULT
814	found = .FALSE.
815	grid_x = 'none'
816	grid_y = 'none'
817	grid_z = 'none'
818	END SELECT
819
820	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
821
822
823	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
824	! Description:
825	! ------------
826	!> Header output for plant canopy model
827	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
828	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
829
830	USE control_parameters, &
831	ONLY: passive_scalar
832
833
834	IMPLICIT NONE
835
836	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
837
838	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
839	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
840	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
841	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
842
843	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
844	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
845	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
846
847	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
848
849	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
850
851	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
852	canopy_drag_coeff
853	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
854	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
855	leaf_surface_conc
856	ENDIF
857
858	!
859	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
860	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
861
862	!
863	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
864	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
865	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
866
867	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
868	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
869	gradients = '------'
870	slices = ' 0'
871	coordinates = ' 0.0'
872	DO i = 1, UBOUND(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind, DIM=1)
873	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) /= -9999 ) THEN
874
875	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
876	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
877
878	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
879	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
880
881	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
882	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
883
884	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
885	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
886	ELSE
887	EXIT
888	ENDIF
889	ENDDO
890
891	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
892	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
893
894	ELSE
895
896	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
897	coordinates = ' 0.0'
898
899	DO k = 1, pch_index
900
901	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
902	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
903	TRIM( coor_chr )
904
905	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
906	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
907
908	ENDDO
909
910	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
911	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
912
913	ENDIF
914
915	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
916	' ------------------------------'// &
917	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
918	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
919	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
920	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
921	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
922	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
923	' K m/s')
924	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
925	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
926	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
927	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
928	' Gridpoint: ',A)
929	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
930	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
931	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
932	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
933	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
934	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
935
936	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
937
938
939	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
940	! Description:
941	! ------------
942	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
943	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
944	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
945
946
947	USE control_parameters, &
948	ONLY: message_string, ocean_mode
949
950	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
951	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
952
953	USE pegrid
954
955	USE surface_mod, &
956	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
957
958	IMPLICIT NONE
959
960	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
961	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
962	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
963	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
964
965	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
966	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
967	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
968	REAL(wp) :: lad_max !< maximum LAD value in the model domain, used to perform a check
969
970	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
971	!
972	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
973	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
974	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
975	lad = 0.0_wp
976	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
977
978	!
979	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
980	!-- a beta probability density function
981	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
982	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
983	ENDIF
984
985
986	!
987	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
988	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
989	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
990	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
991	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
992	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
993
994	!
995	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
996	i = 1
997	gradient = 0.0_wp
998
999	IF ( .NOT. ocean_mode ) THEN
1000
1001	lad(0) = lad_surface
1002	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
1003
1004	DO k = 1, pch_index
1005	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
1006	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
1007	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1008	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
1009	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
1010	i = i + 1
1011	ENDIF
1012	ENDIF
1013	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1014	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
1015	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
1016	ELSE
1017	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
1018	ENDIF
1019	ELSE
1020	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
1021	ENDIF
1022	ENDDO
1023
1024	ENDIF
1025
1026	!
1027	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
1028	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
1029	!-- file.
1030	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1031	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
1032	ENDIF
1033
1034	ELSE
1035
1036	!
1037	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
1038	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
1039	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
1040
1041	DO k = 0, pch_index
1042	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
1043	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1044	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
1045	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1046	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
1047	ENDDO
1048
1049	!
1050	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
1051	DO k = 0, pch_index
1052	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
1053	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1054	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
1055	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
1056	) / canopy_height
1057	ENDDO
1058
1059	!
1060	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
1061	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
1062	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
1063	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
1064	DO k = 1, pch_index
1065	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
1066	ENDDO
1067
1068	ENDIF
1069
1070	!
1071	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
1072	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1073	!
1074	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
1075	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
1076	!-- with the prescribed values
1077	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
1078	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
1079	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
1080
1081	!
1082	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
1083	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
1084	!-- fully covers the domain surface
1085	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
1086
1087	CASE( 'block' )
1088
1089	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1090	DO j = nysg, nyng
1091	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
1092	ENDDO
1093	ENDDO
1094
1095	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
1096	!
1097	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
1098	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
1099	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
1100	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
1101	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1102	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
1103	!
1104	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
1105	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
1106	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
1107
1108	DO i = nxl, nxr
1109	DO j = nys, nyn
1110	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
1111	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
1112	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
1113	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
1114	ENDDO
1115	!
1116	!-- Check if resolved vegetation is mapped onto buildings.
1117	!-- In general, this is allowed and also meaningful, e.g.
1118	!-- when trees carry across roofs. However, due to the
1119	!-- topography filtering, new building grid points can emerge
1120	!-- at location where also plant canopy is defined. As a
1121	!-- result, plant canopy is mapped on top of roofs, with
1122	!-- siginficant impact on the downstream flow field and the
1123	!-- nearby surface radiation. In order to avoid that
1124	!-- plant canopy is mistakenly mapped onto building roofs,
1125	!-- check for building grid points (bit 6) that emerge from
1126	!-- the filtering (bit 4) and set LAD to zero at these
1127	!-- artificially created building grid points. This case,
1128	!-- an informative message is given.
1129	IF ( ANY( lad_s(:,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) .AND. &
1130	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
1131	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 4 ) ) ) THEN
1132	lad_s(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1133	WRITE( message_string, * ) &
1134	'Resolved plant-canopy is ' // &
1135	'defined on top of an artificially '// &
1136	'created building grid point ' // &
1137	'(emerged from the filering) - ' // &
1138	'LAD profile is omitted at this ' // &
1139	'grid point: (i,j) = ', i, j
1140	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0313', 0, 0, myid, 6, 0 )
1141	ENDIF
1142	ENDDO
1143	ENDDO
1144	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1145	!
1146	! ASCII file
1147	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
1148	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
1149	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
1150	!-- each location).
1151	ELSE
1152	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1153	ENDIF
1154
1155	CASE DEFAULT
1156	!
1157	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
1158	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
1159	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
1160	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
1161	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
1162	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
1163
1164	END SELECT
1165	!
1166	!-- Check that at least one grid point has an LAD /= 0, else this may
1167	!-- cause errors in the radiation model.
1168	lad_max = MAXVAL( lad_s )
1169	#if defined( __parallel )
1170	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_max, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, &
1171	comm2d, ierr)
1172	#endif
1173	IF ( lad_max <= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1174	message_string = 'Plant-canopy model is switched-on but no ' // &
1175	'plant canopy is present in the model domain.'
1176	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0685', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1177	ENDIF
1178
1179	!
1180	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
1181	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1182	pch_index_ji = 0
1183
1184	DO i = nxl, nxr
1185	DO j = nys, nyn
1186	DO k = 0, pch_index
1187	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
1188	ENDDO
1189	!
1190	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
1191	!-- height of the model domain.
1192	k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1193	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
1194	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
1195	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
1196	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1197	ENDIF
1198
1199	ENDDO
1200	ENDDO
1201
1202	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
1203	!
1204	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
1205	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
1206
1207
1208	!
1209	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
1210	#if defined( __parallel )
1211	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
1212	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
1213	#endif
1214
1215	!-- Allocation of arrays pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate and pc_latent_rate
1216	ALLOCATE( pc_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1217	pc_heating_rate = 0.0_wp
1218
1219	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1220	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1221	pc_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
1222	ALLOCATE( pc_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1223	pc_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
1224	ENDIF
1225	!
1226	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
1227	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
1228	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
1229	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
1230	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
1231	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
1232	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
1233	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
1234	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
1235	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
1236	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
1237	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
1238	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate)
1239	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
1240	!-- We cannot use variable radiation_interactions here to determine the situation
1241	!-- as it is assigned in init_3d_model after the call of pcm_init.
1242	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1243
1244	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1245	!
1246	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
1247	!-- integration of the leaf area density
1248	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1249	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1250	DO j = nysg, nyng
1251	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
1252	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
1253	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
1254	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
1255	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
1256	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
1257	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
1258	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1259	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
1260	ELSE
1261	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
1262	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
1263	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
1264	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1265	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
1266	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
1267	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
1268	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1269	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
1270	ENDIF
1271	ENDDO
1272	ENDDO
1273	ENDDO
1274
1275	!
1276	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
1277	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
1278	!-- Start with default surface type
1279	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
1280	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
1281	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
1282	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
1283	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1284	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1285	ENDDO
1286	!
1287	!-- Natural surfaces
1288	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
1289	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
1290	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
1291	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
1292	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1293	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1294	ENDDO
1295	!
1296	!-- Urban surfaces
1297	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
1298	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
1299	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
1300	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
1301	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1302	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1303	ENDDO
1304	!
1305	!
1306	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
1307	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
1308	!-- canopy.
1309	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
1310	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
1311	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
1312	!-- of the respective layer
1313	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1314	DO j = nysg, nyng
1315	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
1316	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1317	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
1318	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
1319	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
1320	ENDIF
1321	ENDDO
1322	ENDDO
1323	ENDDO
1324
1325	ENDIF
1326
1327	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
1328
1329
1330	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
1331
1332
1333	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1334	! Description:
1335	! ------------
1336	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
1337	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1338	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1339
1340	USE control_parameters, &
1341	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
1342
1343	IMPLICIT NONE
1344
1345	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
1346
1347	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
1348	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1349	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1350	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1351	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1352	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1353	lai_beta, &
1354	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1355	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
1356	plant_canopy_transpiration
1357
1358	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1359	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1360	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1361	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1362	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1363	lai_beta, &
1364	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1365	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
1366	plant_canopy_transpiration
1367
1368	line = ' '
1369
1370	!
1371	!-- Try to find plant-canopy model package
1372	REWIND ( 11 )
1373	line = ' '
1374	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
1375	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
1376	ENDDO
1377	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1378
1379	!
1380	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1381	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
1382
1383	!
1384	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
1385	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1386
1387	GOTO 14
1388
1389	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1390	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1391	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
1392	!
1393	!-- Try to find old namelist
1394	12 REWIND ( 11 )
1395	line = ' '
1396	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
1397	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
1398	ENDDO
1399	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1400
1401	!
1402	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1403	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
1404
1405	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
1406	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
1407	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
1408	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
1409
1410	!
1411	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
1412	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1413
1414	GOTO 14
1415
1416	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1417	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1418	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
1419
1420	14 CONTINUE
1421
1422
1423	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1424
1425
1426
1427	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1428	! Description:
1429	! ------------
1430	!
1431	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
1432	!>
1433	!> num_levels
1434	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1435	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1436	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1437	!> ...
1438	!>
1439	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
1440	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
1441	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
1442	!>
1443	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
1444	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
1445	!>
1446	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
1447	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
1448	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1449	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1450
1451	USE control_parameters, &
1452	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
1453
1454	USE indices, &
1455	ONLY: nbgp
1456
1457	IMPLICIT NONE
1458
1459	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
1460	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
1461	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
1462	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
1463	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
1464	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
1465	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
1466
1467	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
1468
1469	!
1470	!-- Initialize lad_s array
1471	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1472
1473	!
1474	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
1475	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
1476	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
1477	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
1478	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
1479	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
1480	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
1481	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
1482
1483	DO
1484	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
1485	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
1486
1487	SELECT CASE (dtype)
1488	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
1489	!
1490	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
1491	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
1492	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
1493	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
1494	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
1495	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
1496	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
1497	'but pctype is ', pctype
1498	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1499	ENDIF
1500	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1501	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
1502	CASE DEFAULT
1503	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
1504	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
1505	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1506	END SELECT
1507	ENDDO
1508
1509	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1510	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1511
1512	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1513	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1514
1515	517 CLOSE(152)
1516	DEALLOCATE( col )
1517
1518	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1519
1520	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1521
1522
1523
1524	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1525	! Description:
1526	! ------------
1527	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
1528	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
1529	!>
1530	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
1531	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1532	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
1533	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
1534	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1535	!>
1536	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
1537	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
1538	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
1539	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
1540	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
1541	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
1542	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
1543	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
1544	!>
1545	!>
1546	!> Call for all grid points
1547	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1548	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
1549
1550
1551	USE control_parameters, &
1552	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
1553
1554	USE kinds
1555
1556	IMPLICIT NONE
1557
1558	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1559	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1560	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1561	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1562	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
1563	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1564
1565	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1566	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1567	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1568	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1569	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1570	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1571
1572
1573	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
1574
1575	!
1576	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
1577	SELECT CASE ( component )
1578
1579	!
1580	!-- u-component
1581	CASE ( 1 )
1582	DO i = nxlu, nxr
1583	DO j = nys, nyn
1584	!
1585	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
1586	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
1587	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1588
1589	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1590	!
1591	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1592	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
1593	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
1594	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
1595	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
1596	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
1597	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1598	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1599	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
1600	THEN
1601	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1602	ENDIF
1603
1604	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1605	pre_u = 0.0_wp
1606	!
1607	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1608	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1609	lad_local * &
1610	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
1611	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
1612	v(k,j,i) + &
1613	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1614	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
1615	)**2 + &
1616	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
1617	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1618	w(k,j,i-1) + &
1619	w(k,j,i) ) &
1620	)**2 &
1621	) * &
1622	u(k,j,i)
1623
1624	!
1625	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1626	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1627	!
1628	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1629	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1630	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
1631	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1632	ELSE
1633	pre_tend = pre_tend
1634	ENDIF
1635	!
1636	!-- Calculate final tendency
1637	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1638
1639	ENDDO
1640	ENDDO
1641	ENDDO
1642
1643	!
1644	!-- v-component
1645	CASE ( 2 )
1646	DO i = nxl, nxr
1647	DO j = nysv, nyn
1648	!
1649	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
1650	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
1651
1652	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1653
1654	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1655	!
1656	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1657	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
1658	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
1659	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
1660	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
1661	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
1662	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1663	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1664	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
1665	THEN
1666	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1667	ENDIF
1668
1669	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1670	pre_v = 0.0_wp
1671	!
1672	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1673	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1674	lad_local * &
1675	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
1676	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
1677	u(k,j,i) + &
1678	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1679	)**2 + &
1680	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
1681	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
1682	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1683	w(k,j-1,i) + &
1684	w(k,j,i) ) &
1685	)**2 &
1686	) * &
1687	v(k,j,i)
1688
1689	!
1690	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1691	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1692	!
1693	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1694	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1695	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
1696	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1697	ELSE
1698	pre_tend = pre_tend
1699	ENDIF
1700	!
1701	!-- Calculate final tendency
1702	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1703
1704	ENDDO
1705	ENDDO
1706	ENDDO
1707
1708	!
1709	!-- w-component
1710	CASE ( 3 )
1711	DO i = nxl, nxr
1712	DO j = nys, nyn
1713	!
1714	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
1715	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
1716
1717	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
1718
1719	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1720
1721	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1722	pre_w = 0.0_wp
1723	!
1724	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1725	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1726	(0.5_wp * &
1727	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
1728	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1729	u(k,j,i+1) + &
1730	u(k+1,j,i) + &
1731	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
1732	)**2 + &
1733	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1734	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1735	v(k+1,j,i) + &
1736	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
1737	)**2 + &
1738	w(k,j,i)**2 &
1739	) * &
1740	w(k,j,i)
1741	!
1742	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1743	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1744	!
1745	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1746	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1747	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
1748	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1749	ELSE
1750	pre_tend = pre_tend
1751	ENDIF
1752	!
1753	!-- Calculate final tendency
1754	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1755
1756	ENDDO
1757	ENDDO
1758	ENDDO
1759
1760	!
1761	!-- potential temperature
1762	CASE ( 4 )
1763	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1764	DO i = nxl, nxr
1765	DO j = nys, nyn
1766	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1767	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1768	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1769	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1770	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
1771	ENDDO
1772	ENDDO
1773	ENDDO
1774	ELSE
1775	DO i = nxl, nxr
1776	DO j = nys, nyn
1777	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1778	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1779	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1780	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1781	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
1782	ENDDO
1783	ENDDO
1784	ENDDO
1785	ENDIF
1786
1787	!
1788	!-- humidity
1789	CASE ( 5 )
1790	DO i = nxl, nxr
1791	DO j = nys, nyn
1792	!
1793	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1794	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1795
1796	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1797
1798	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1799
1800	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
1801	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
1802	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
1803	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
1804	! in the plant canopy box
1805	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
1806	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1807	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1808	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1809	)**2 + &
1810	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1811	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1812	)**2 + &
1813	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1814	w(k,j,i) ) &
1815	)**2 &
1816	) * &
1817	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
1818	ENDIF
1819
1820	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
1821	ENDDO
1822	ENDDO
1823	ENDDO
1824
1825	!
1826	!-- sgs-tke
1827	CASE ( 6 )
1828	DO i = nxl, nxr
1829	DO j = nys, nyn
1830	!
1831	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1832	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1833
1834	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1835
1836	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1837	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1838	2.0_wp * cdc * &
1839	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1840	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1841	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1842	)**2 + &
1843	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1844	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1845	)**2 + &
1846	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
1847	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
1848	)**2 &
1849	) * &
1850	e(k,j,i)
1851	ENDDO
1852	ENDDO
1853	ENDDO
1854	!
1855	!-- scalar concentration
1856	CASE ( 7 )
1857	DO i = nxl, nxr
1858	DO j = nys, nyn
1859	!
1860	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1861	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1862
1863	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1864
1865	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1866	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1867	lsec * &
1868	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1869	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1870	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1871	)**2 + &
1872	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1873	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1874	)**2 + &
1875	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1876	w(k,j,i) ) &
1877	)**2 &
1878	) * &
1879	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
1880	ENDDO
1881	ENDDO
1882	ENDDO
1883
1884
1885
1886	CASE DEFAULT
1887
1888	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
1889	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1890
1891	END SELECT
1892
1893	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
1894
1895
1896	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1897	! Description:
1898	! ------------
1899	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
1900	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
1901	!>
1902	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
1903	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1904	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
1905	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
1906	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1907	!>
1908	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
1909	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
1910	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
1911	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
1912	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
1913	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
1914	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
1915	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
1916	!>
1917	!>
1918	!> Call for grid point i,j
1919	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1920	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
1921
1922
1923	USE control_parameters, &
1924	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
1925
1926	USE kinds
1927
1928	IMPLICIT NONE
1929
1930	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1931	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1932	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1933	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1934	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
1935	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1936
1937	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
1938	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
1939	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
1940	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
1941
1942	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1943	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1944	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1945	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1946	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1947	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1948
1949
1950	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
1951	!
1952	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
1953	SELECT CASE ( component )
1954
1955	!
1956	!-- u-component
1957	CASE ( 1 )
1958	!
1959	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
1960	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
1961	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
1962	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
1963	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
1964	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
1965	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) ) .AND. &
1966	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
1967	!
1968	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
1969	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
1970	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1971
1972	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1973
1974	!
1975	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1976	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1977	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1978	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1979	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1980	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
1981	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
1982	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
1983	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
1984	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
1985	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
1986	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1987	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
1988	.NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1989	!
1990	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
1991	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
1992	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
1993	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
1994	!-- point (j,i-1).
1995	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
1996	building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1997
1998	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1999	pre_u = 0.0_wp
2000	!
2001	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2002	pre_tend = - cdc * &
2003	lad_local * &
2004	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
2005	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
2006	v(k,j,i) + &
2007	v(k,j+1,i) + &
2008	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
2009	)**2 + &
2010	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
2011	w(k-1,j,i) + &
2012	w(k,j,i-1) + &
2013	w(k,j,i) ) &
2014	)**2 &
2015	) * &
2016	u(k,j,i)
2017
2018	!
2019	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2020	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2021	!
2022	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
2023	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
2024	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
2025	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2026	ELSE
2027	pre_tend = pre_tend
2028	ENDIF
2029	!
2030	!-- Calculate final tendency
2031	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2032	ENDDO
2033
2034
2035	!
2036	!-- v-component
2037	CASE ( 2 )
2038	!
2039	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
2040	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
2041	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
2042	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
2043	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2044	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
2045	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2046	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
2047	!
2048	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
2049	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
2050	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2051
2052	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
2053	!
2054	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
2055	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
2056	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
2057	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
2058	!-- than inside of the canopy.
2059	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
2060	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
2061	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
2062	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
2063	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
2064	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
2065	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
2066	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
2067	.NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2068	!
2069	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
2070	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
2071	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
2072	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
2073	!-- point (j,i-1).
2074	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
2075	building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2076
2077	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2078	pre_v = 0.0_wp
2079	!
2080	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2081	pre_tend = - cdc * &
2082	lad_local * &
2083	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
2084	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
2085	u(k,j,i) + &
2086	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2087	)**2 + &
2088	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
2089	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
2090	w(k-1,j,i) + &
2091	w(k,j-1,i) + &
2092	w(k,j,i) ) &
2093	)**2 &
2094	) * &
2095	v(k,j,i)
2096
2097	!
2098	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2099	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2100	!
2101	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
2102	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
2103	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
2104	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2105	ELSE
2106	pre_tend = pre_tend
2107	ENDIF
2108	!
2109	!-- Calculate final tendency
2110	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2111	ENDDO
2112
2113
2114	!
2115	!-- w-component
2116	CASE ( 3 )
2117	!
2118	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
2119	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
2120
2121	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
2122
2123	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
2124
2125	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2126	pre_w = 0.0_wp
2127	!
2128	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2129	pre_tend = - cdc * &
2130	(0.5_wp * &
2131	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
2132	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2133	u(k,j,i+1) + &
2134	u(k+1,j,i) + &
2135	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
2136	)**2 + &
2137	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2138	v(k,j+1,i) + &
2139	v(k+1,j,i) + &
2140	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
2141	)**2 + &
2142	w(k,j,i)**2 &
2143	) * &
2144	w(k,j,i)
2145	!
2146	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2147	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2148	!
2149	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
2150	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
2151	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
2152	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2153	ELSE
2154	pre_tend = pre_tend
2155	ENDIF
2156	!
2157	!-- Calculate final tendency
2158	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2159	ENDDO
2160
2161	!
2162	!-- potential temperature
2163	CASE ( 4 )
2164	!
2165	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2166	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2167
2168	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2169	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2170	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
2171	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
2172	pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
2173	ENDDO
2174	ELSE
2175	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2176	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
2177	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
2178	ENDDO
2179	ENDIF
2180
2181	!
2182	!-- humidity
2183	CASE ( 5 )
2184	!
2185	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2186	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2187
2188	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2189	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
2190	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
2191	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
2192	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
2193	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
2194	! in the plant canopy box
2195	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
2196	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2197	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2198	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2199	)**2 + &
2200	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2201	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2202	)**2 + &
2203	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2204	w(k,j,i) ) &
2205	)**2 &
2206	) * &
2207	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
2208	ENDIF
2209
2210	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
2211
2212	ENDDO
2213
2214	!
2215	!-- sgs-tke
2216	CASE ( 6 )
2217	!
2218	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2219	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2220
2221	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2222
2223	kk = k - k_wall
2224	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2225	2.0_wp * cdc * &
2226	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2227	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2228	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2229	)**2 + &
2230	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2231	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2232	)**2 + &
2233	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
2234	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
2235	)**2 &
2236	) * &
2237	e(k,j,i)
2238	ENDDO
2239
2240	!
2241	!-- scalar concentration
2242	CASE ( 7 )
2243	!
2244	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2245	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2246
2247	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2248
2249	kk = k - k_wall
2250	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2251	lsec * &
2252	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2253	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2254	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2255	)**2 + &
2256	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2257	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2258	)**2 + &
2259	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2260	w(k,j,i) ) &
2261	)**2 &
2262	) * &
2263	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
2264	ENDDO
2265
2266	CASE DEFAULT
2267
2268	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
2269	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2270
2271	END SELECT
2272
2273	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
2274
2275
2276
2277	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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