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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 3377

Last change on this file since 3377 was 3337, checked in by kanani, 6 years ago
reintegrate branch resler to trunk
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 76.3 KB

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1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! ------------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 3337 2018-10-12 15:17:09Z knoop $
27	! Fix reading plant canopy over buildings
28	!
29	! 3294 2018-10-01 02:37:10Z raasch
30	! ocean renamed ocean_mode
31	!
32	! 3274 2018-09-24 15:42:55Z knoop
33	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
34	!
35	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
36	! Minor formating changes
37	!
38	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
39	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
40	!
41	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
42	! unused variables removed
43	!
44	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
45	! dz was replaced by the help of zw to allow for vertical stretching
46	!
47	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
48	! Error messages revised
49	!
50	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
51	! Error message revised
52	!
53	! 3022 2018-05-18 11:12:35Z suehring
54	! Bugfix in allocation of transpiration rate
55	!
56	! 3014 2018-05-09 08:42:38Z maronga
57	! Bugfix: nzb_do and nzt_do were not used for 3d data output
58	! Added pc_transpiration_rate
59	!
60	! 2977 2018-04-17 10:27:57Z kanani
61	! Implement changes from branch radiation (r2948-2971) with minor modifications,
62	! plus some formatting.
63	! (moh.hefny):
64	! Add plant canopy type to account for changes in LAD (based on the changes
65	! done by Resler & Pavel) and correct the error message to PALM Standard.
66	!
67	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z maronga
68	! renamed canopy_par to plant_canopy_parameters
69	!
70	! 2920 2018-03-22 11:22:01Z kanani
71	! Move usm_lad_rma and prototype_lad to radiation_model (moh.hefny)
72	!
73	! 2892 2018-03-14 15:06:29Z suehring
74	! Bugfix, read separate ASCII LAD files for parent and child model.
75	!
76	! 2770 2018-01-25 15:10:09Z kanani
77	! Correction of parameter check
78	!
79	! 2768 2018-01-24 15:38:29Z kanani
80	! Added check for output quantity pcm_heatrate, some formatting
81	!
82	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
83	! Increased LEN of canopy mode to 30
84	!
85	! 2746 2018-01-15 12:06:04Z suehring
86	! Move flag plant canopy to modules
87	!
88	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
89	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
90	!
91	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
92	! Changes from last commit documented
93	!
94	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
95	! Bugfix in get_topography_top_index
96	!
97	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
98	! Change in file header (GPL part)
99	! Bugfix for vertical loop index pch_index in case of Netcdf input
100	! Introduce 2D index array incorporate canopy top index
101	! Check if canopy on top of topography do not exceed vertical dimension
102	! Add check for canopy_mode in case of Netcdf input.
103	! Enable _FillValue output for 3d quantities
104	! Bugfix in reading of PIDS leaf area density (MS)
105	!
106	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
107	! coupling_char removed
108	!
109	! 2512 2017-10-04 08:26:59Z raasch
110	! upper bounds of 3d output changed from nx+1,ny+1 to nx,ny
111	! no output of ghost layer data
112	!
113	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
114	! Get topography top index via Function call
115	!
116	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
117	! Changed error messages
118	!
119	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
120	!
121	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
122	! Adjustments to new topography concept
123	!
124	! 2213 2017-04-24 15:10:35Z kanani
125	! Bugfix: exchange of ghost points in array pc_heating_rate needed for output
126	! of pcm_heatrate, onetime ghost point exchange of lad_s after initialization.
127	! Formatting and clean-up of subroutine pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d,
128	! minor re-organization of canopy-heating initialization.
129	!
130	! 2209 2017-04-19 09:34:46Z kanani
131	! Added 3d output of leaf area density (pcm_lad) and canopy
132	! heat rate (pcm_heatrate)
133	!
134	! 2024 2016-10-12 16:42:37Z kanani
135	! Added missing lad_s initialization
136	!
137	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
138	! Renamed canopy_heat_flux to pc_heating_rate, since the original meaning/
139	! calculation of the quantity has changed, related to the urban surface model
140	! and similar future applications.
141	!
142	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
143	! Added SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d for reading 3d plant canopy data
144	! from file (new case canopy_mode=read_from_file_3d) in the course of
145	! introduction of urban surface model,
146	! introduced variable ext_coef,
147	! resorted SUBROUTINEs to alphabetical order
148	!
149	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
150	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
151	!
152	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
153	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
154	!
155	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
156	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
157	!
158	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
159	! Further modularization
160	!
161	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
162	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
163	! canopy is set on top of topography
164	!
165	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
166	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
167	!
168	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
169	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
170	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
171	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
172	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
173	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
174	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
175	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
176	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
177	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
178	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
179	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
180	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
181	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
182	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
183	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
184	! respectively,
185	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
186	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
187	!
188	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
189	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
190	!
191	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
192	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
193	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
194	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
195	! old module precision_kind is removed,
196	! revision history before 2012 removed,
197	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
198	! all variable declaration statements
199	!
200	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
201	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
202	!
203	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
204	! Initial revision
205	!
206	! Description:
207	! ------------
208	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
209	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
210	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
211	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
212	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
213	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
214
215	USE arrays_3d, &
216	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
217
218	USE indices, &
219	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
220	nz, nzb, nzt
221
222	USE kinds
223
224	USE surface_mod, &
225	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji
226
227
228	IMPLICIT NONE
229
230
231	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
232
233	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
234	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
235
236	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
237
238	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
239
240	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
241	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
242	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
243	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
244	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
245	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
246	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
247	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
248	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
249	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
250	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
251	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
252	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
253
254	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
255	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
256
257	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
258	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
259
260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
262
263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
267
268	SAVE
269
270
271	PRIVATE
272
273	!
274	!-- Public functions
275	PUBLIC pcm_check_data_output, pcm_check_parameters, pcm_data_output_3d, &
276	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
277
278	!
279	!-- Public variables and constants
280	PUBLIC pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
281	pch_index
282
283
284	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
285	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
286	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
287
288	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
289	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
290	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
291
292	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
293	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
294	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
295
296	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
297	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
298	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
299
300	INTERFACE pcm_header
301	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
302	END INTERFACE pcm_header
303
304	INTERFACE pcm_init
305	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
306	END INTERFACE pcm_init
307
308	INTERFACE pcm_parin
309	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
310	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
311
312	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
313	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
314	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
315
316	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
317	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
318	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
319	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
320
321
322	CONTAINS
323
324
325	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
326	! Description:
327	! ------------
328	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
329	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
330	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
331
332
333	USE control_parameters, &
334	ONLY: message_string, urban_surface
335
336	IMPLICIT NONE
337
338	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
339	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
340
341
342	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
343
344	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
345	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
346	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
347	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
348	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
349	ENDIF
350	unit = 'K s-1'
351
352	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
353	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
354
355	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
356	unit = 'm2 m-3'
357
358
359	CASE DEFAULT
360	unit = 'illegal'
361
362	END SELECT
363
364
365	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
366
367
368	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
369	! Description:
370	! ------------
371	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
372	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
373	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
374
375	USE control_parameters, &
376	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
377
378	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
379	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
380
381	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
382	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
383
384
385	IMPLICIT NONE
386
387
388	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
389	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
390	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
391	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
392	ENDIF
393
394	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
395	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
396	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
397	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
398	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
399	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
400	ENDIF
401
402	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
403	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
404	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
405	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
406	'lai_beta = 0.0'
407	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
408	ENDIF
409
410	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
411	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
412	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
413	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
414	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
415	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
416	'density profile'
417	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
418	ENDIF
419
420	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
421	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
422	' seifert_beheng'
423	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
424	ENDIF
425	!
426	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
427	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
428	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
429	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
430	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
431	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
432	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
433	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0999', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
434	ENDIF
435
436
437	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
438
439
440	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
441	!
442	! Description:
443	! ------------
444	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
445	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
446	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
447	nzb_do, nzt_do )
448
449	USE indices
450
451	USE kinds
452
453
454	IMPLICIT NONE
455
456	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
457
458	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
459	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
460	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
461	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
462	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
463	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
464	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
465
466	LOGICAL :: found !<
467
468	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
469	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !<
470
471
472	found = .TRUE.
473
474	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
475
476	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
477
478	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
479	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
480	DO i = nxl, nxr
481	DO j = nys, nyn
482	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
483	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
484	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
485	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
486	ENDDO
487	ENDIF
488	ENDDO
489	ENDDO
490	ENDIF
491
492	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
493	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
494	DO i = nxl, nxr
495	DO j = nys, nyn
496	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
497	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
498	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
499	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
500	ENDDO
501	ENDIF
502	ENDDO
503	ENDDO
504	ENDIF
505
506	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
507	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
508	DO i = nxl, nxr
509	DO j = nys, nyn
510	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
511	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
512	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
513	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k-k_topo,j,i)
514	ENDDO
515	ENDIF
516	ENDDO
517	ENDDO
518	ENDIF
519
520
521	CASE DEFAULT
522	found = .FALSE.
523
524	END SELECT
525
526
527	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
528
529	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
530	!
531	! Description:
532	! ------------
533	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
534	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
535	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
536	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
537
538	IMPLICIT NONE
539
540	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
541	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
542	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
543	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
544	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
545
546	found = .TRUE.
547
548	!
549	!-- Check for the grid
550	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
551
552	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate')
553	grid_x = 'x'
554	grid_y = 'y'
555	grid_z = 'zu'
556
557	CASE DEFAULT
558	found = .FALSE.
559	grid_x = 'none'
560	grid_y = 'none'
561	grid_z = 'none'
562	END SELECT
563
564	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
565
566
567	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
568	! Description:
569	! ------------
570	!> Header output for plant canopy model
571	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
572	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
573
574	USE control_parameters, &
575	ONLY: passive_scalar
576
577
578	IMPLICIT NONE
579
580	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
581
582	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
583	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
584	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
585	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
586
587	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
588	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
589	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
590
591	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
592
593	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
594
595	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
596	canopy_drag_coeff
597	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
598	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
599	leaf_surface_conc
600	ENDIF
601
602	!
603	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
604	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
605
606	!
607	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
608	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
609	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
610
611	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
612	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
613	gradients = '------'
614	slices = ' 0'
615	coordinates = ' 0.0'
616	i = 1
617	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
618	/= -9999 )
619
620	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
621	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
622	TRIM( coor_chr )
623
624	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
625	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
626
627	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
628	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
629
630	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
631	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
632
633	i = i + 1
634	ENDDO
635
636	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
637	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
638
639	ELSE
640
641	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
642	coordinates = ' 0.0'
643
644	DO k = 1, pch_index
645
646	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
647	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
648	TRIM( coor_chr )
649
650	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
651	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
652
653	ENDDO
654
655	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
656	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
657
658	ENDIF
659
660	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
661	' ------------------------------'// &
662	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
663	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
664	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
665	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
666	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
667	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
668	' K m/s')
669	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
670	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
671	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
672	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
673	' Gridpoint: ',A)
674	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
675	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
676	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
677	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
678	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
679	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
680
681	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
682
683
684	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
685	! Description:
686	! ------------
687	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
688	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
689	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
690
691
692	USE control_parameters, &
693	ONLY: humidity, message_string, ocean_mode, urban_surface
694
695	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
696	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
697
698	USE surface_mod, &
699	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
700
701	IMPLICIT NONE
702
703	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
704	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
705	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
706	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
707
708	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
709	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
710	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
711
712	!
713	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
714	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
715	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
716	lad = 0.0_wp
717	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
718
719	!
720	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
721	!-- a beta probability density function
722	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
723	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
724	ENDIF
725
726
727	!
728	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
729	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
730	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
731	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
732	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
733	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
734
735	!
736	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
737	i = 1
738	gradient = 0.0_wp
739
740	IF ( .NOT. ocean_mode ) THEN
741
742	lad(0) = lad_surface
743	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
744
745	DO k = 1, pch_index
746	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
747	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
748	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
749	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
750	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
751	i = i + 1
752	ENDIF
753	ENDIF
754	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
755	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
756	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
757	ELSE
758	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
759	ENDIF
760	ELSE
761	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
762	ENDIF
763	ENDDO
764
765	ENDIF
766
767	!
768	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
769	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
770	!-- file.
771	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
772	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
773	ENDIF
774
775	ELSE
776
777	!
778	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
779	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
780	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
781
782	DO k = 0, pch_index
783	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
784	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
785	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
786	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
787	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
788	ENDDO
789
790	!
791	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
792	DO k = 0, pch_index
793	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
794	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
795	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
796	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
797	) / canopy_height
798	ENDDO
799
800	!
801	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
802	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
803	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
804	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
805	DO k = 1, pch_index
806	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
807	ENDDO
808
809	ENDIF
810
811	!
812	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
813	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
814
815	!
816	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
817	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
818	!-- with the prescribed values
819	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
820	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
821	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
822
823	!
824	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
825	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
826	!-- fully covers the domain surface
827	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
828
829	CASE( 'block' )
830
831	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
832	DO j = nysg, nyng
833	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
834	ENDDO
835	ENDDO
836
837	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
838	!
839	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
840	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
841	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
842	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
843	lad_s = 0.0_wp
844	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
845	!
846	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
847	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
848	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
849
850	DO i = nxl, nxr
851	DO j = nys, nyn
852	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
853	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
854	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
855	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
856	ENDDO
857	ENDDO
858	ENDDO
859	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
860	!
861	! ASCII file
862	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
863	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
864	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
865	!-- each location).
866	ELSE
867	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
868	ENDIF
869
870	CASE DEFAULT
871	!
872	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
873	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
874	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
875	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
876	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
877	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
878
879	END SELECT
880	!
881	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
882	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
883	pch_index_ji = 0
884
885	DO i = nxl, nxr
886	DO j = nys, nyn
887	DO k = 0, pch_index
888	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
889	ENDDO
890	!
891	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
892	!-- height of the model domain.
893	k = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
894	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
895	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
896	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
897	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0999', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
898	ENDIF
899
900	ENDDO
901	ENDDO
902
903	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
904
905	!
906	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
907	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
908	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
909	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
910	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
911	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
912	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
913	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
914	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
915	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
916	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
917	!-- When using the urban surface model (USM), canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
918	!-- by radiation is calculated in the USM.
919	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
920
921	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
922	pc_heating_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
923	!
924	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
925	!-- integration of the leaf area density
926	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
927	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
928	DO j = nysg, nyng
929	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
930	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
931	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
932	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
933	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
934	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
935	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
936	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
937	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
938	ELSE
939	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
940	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
941	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
942	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
943	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
944	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
945	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
946	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
947	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
948	ENDIF
949	ENDDO
950	ENDDO
951	ENDDO
952
953	!
954	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
955	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
956	!-- Start with default surface type
957	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
958	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
959	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
960	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
961	ENDDO
962	!
963	!-- Natural surfaces
964	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
965	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
966	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
967	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
968	ENDDO
969	!
970	!-- Urban surfaces
971	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
972	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
973	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
974	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
975	ENDDO
976	!
977	!
978	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
979	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
980	!-- canopy.
981	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
982	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
983	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
984	!-- of the respective layer
985	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
986	DO j = nysg, nyng
987	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
988	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
989	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
990	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
991	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
992	ENDIF
993	ENDDO
994	ENDDO
995	ENDDO
996
997	ENDIF
998	!
999	!-- Allocate transpiration rate
1000	IF ( humidity ) &
1001	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1002
1003
1004
1005	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
1006
1007
1008	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1009	! Description:
1010	! ------------
1011	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
1012	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1013	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1014
1015	USE control_parameters, &
1016	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
1017
1018	IMPLICIT NONE
1019
1020	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
1021
1022	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
1023	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1024	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1025	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1026	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1027	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1028	lai_beta, &
1029	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1030	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
1031
1032	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1033	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1034	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1035	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1036	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1037	lai_beta, &
1038	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1039	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
1040
1041	line = ' '
1042
1043	!
1044	!-- Try to find radiation model package
1045	REWIND ( 11 )
1046	line = ' '
1047	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
1048	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
1049	ENDDO
1050	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1051
1052	!
1053	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1054	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
1055
1056	!
1057	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
1058	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1059
1060	GOTO 14
1061
1062	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1063	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1064	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
1065	!
1066	!-- Try to find old namelist
1067	12 REWIND ( 11 )
1068	line = ' '
1069	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
1070	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
1071	ENDDO
1072	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1073
1074	!
1075	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1076	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
1077
1078	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
1079	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
1080	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
1081	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
1082
1083	!
1084	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
1085	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1086
1087	GOTO 14
1088
1089	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1090	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1091	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
1092
1093	14 CONTINUE
1094
1095
1096	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1097
1098
1099
1100	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1101	! Description:
1102	! ------------
1103	!
1104	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
1105	!>
1106	!> num_levels
1107	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1108	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1109	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1110	!> ...
1111	!>
1112	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
1113	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
1114	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
1115	!>
1116	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
1117	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
1118	!>
1119	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
1120	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
1121	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1122	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1123
1124	USE control_parameters, &
1125	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
1126
1127	USE indices, &
1128	ONLY: nbgp
1129
1130	IMPLICIT NONE
1131
1132	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
1133	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
1134	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
1135	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
1136	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
1137	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
1138	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
1139
1140	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
1141
1142	!
1143	!-- Initialize lad_s array
1144	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1145
1146	!
1147	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
1148	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
1149	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
1150	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
1151	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
1152	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
1153	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
1154	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
1155
1156	DO
1157	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
1158	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
1159
1160	SELECT CASE (dtype)
1161	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
1162	!
1163	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
1164	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
1165	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
1166	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
1167	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
1168	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
1169	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
1170	'but pctype is ', pctype
1171	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1172	ENDIF
1173	kk = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1174	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
1175	CASE DEFAULT
1176	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
1177	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
1178	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1179	END SELECT
1180	ENDDO
1181
1182	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1183	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1184
1185	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1186	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1187
1188	517 CLOSE(152)
1189	DEALLOCATE( col )
1190
1191	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1192
1193	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1194
1195
1196
1197	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1198	! Description:
1199	! ------------
1200	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
1201	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
1202	!>
1203	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
1204	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1205	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
1206	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
1207	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1208	!>
1209	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
1210	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
1211	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
1212	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
1213	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
1214	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
1215	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
1216	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
1217	!>
1218	!>
1219	!> Call for all grid points
1220	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1221	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
1222
1223
1224	USE control_parameters, &
1225	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
1226
1227	USE kinds
1228
1229	IMPLICIT NONE
1230
1231	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1232	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1233	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1234	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1235	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
1236	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1237
1238	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1239	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1240	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1241	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1242	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1243	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1244
1245
1246	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
1247
1248	!
1249	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
1250	SELECT CASE ( component )
1251
1252	!
1253	!-- u-component
1254	CASE ( 1 )
1255	DO i = nxlu, nxr
1256	DO j = nys, nyn
1257	!
1258	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
1259	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
1260	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1261
1262	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1263	!
1264	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1265	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
1266	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
1267	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
1268	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
1269	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
1270	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1271	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1272	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
1273	THEN
1274	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1275	ENDIF
1276
1277	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1278	pre_u = 0.0_wp
1279	!
1280	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1281	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1282	lad_local * &
1283	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
1284	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
1285	v(k,j,i) + &
1286	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1287	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
1288	)**2 + &
1289	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
1290	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1291	w(k,j,i-1) + &
1292	w(k,j,i) ) &
1293	)**2 &
1294	) * &
1295	u(k,j,i)
1296
1297	!
1298	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1299	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1300	!
1301	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1302	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1303	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
1304	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1305	ELSE
1306	pre_tend = pre_tend
1307	ENDIF
1308	!
1309	!-- Calculate final tendency
1310	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1311
1312	ENDDO
1313	ENDDO
1314	ENDDO
1315
1316	!
1317	!-- v-component
1318	CASE ( 2 )
1319	DO i = nxl, nxr
1320	DO j = nysv, nyn
1321	!
1322	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
1323	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
1324
1325	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1326
1327	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1328	!
1329	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1330	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
1331	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
1332	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
1333	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
1334	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
1335	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1336	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1337	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
1338	THEN
1339	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1340	ENDIF
1341
1342	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1343	pre_v = 0.0_wp
1344	!
1345	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1346	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1347	lad_local * &
1348	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
1349	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
1350	u(k,j,i) + &
1351	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1352	)**2 + &
1353	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
1354	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
1355	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1356	w(k,j-1,i) + &
1357	w(k,j,i) ) &
1358	)**2 &
1359	) * &
1360	v(k,j,i)
1361
1362	!
1363	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1364	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1365	!
1366	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1367	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1368	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
1369	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1370	ELSE
1371	pre_tend = pre_tend
1372	ENDIF
1373	!
1374	!-- Calculate final tendency
1375	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1376
1377	ENDDO
1378	ENDDO
1379	ENDDO
1380
1381	!
1382	!-- w-component
1383	CASE ( 3 )
1384	DO i = nxl, nxr
1385	DO j = nys, nyn
1386	!
1387	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
1388	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
1389
1390	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
1391
1392	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1393
1394	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1395	pre_w = 0.0_wp
1396	!
1397	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1398	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1399	(0.5_wp * &
1400	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
1401	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1402	u(k,j,i+1) + &
1403	u(k+1,j,i) + &
1404	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
1405	)**2 + &
1406	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1407	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1408	v(k+1,j,i) + &
1409	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
1410	)**2 + &
1411	w(k,j,i)**2 &
1412	) * &
1413	w(k,j,i)
1414	!
1415	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1416	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1417	!
1418	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1419	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1420	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
1421	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1422	ELSE
1423	pre_tend = pre_tend
1424	ENDIF
1425	!
1426	!-- Calculate final tendency
1427	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1428
1429	ENDDO
1430	ENDDO
1431	ENDDO
1432
1433	!
1434	!-- potential temperature
1435	CASE ( 4 )
1436	DO i = nxl, nxr
1437	DO j = nys, nyn
1438	!
1439	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1440	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1441
1442	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1443
1444	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1445	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
1446	ENDDO
1447	ENDDO
1448	ENDDO
1449
1450	!
1451	!-- humidity
1452	CASE ( 5 )
1453	DO i = nxl, nxr
1454	DO j = nys, nyn
1455	!
1456	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1457	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1458
1459	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1460
1461	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1462	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
1463	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1464	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1465	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1466	)**2 + &
1467	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1468	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1469	)**2 + &
1470	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1471	w(k,j,i) ) &
1472	)**2 &
1473	) * &
1474	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
1475
1476	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
1477	ENDDO
1478	ENDDO
1479	ENDDO
1480
1481	!
1482	!-- sgs-tke
1483	CASE ( 6 )
1484	DO i = nxl, nxr
1485	DO j = nys, nyn
1486	!
1487	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1488	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1489
1490	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1491
1492	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1493	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1494	2.0_wp * cdc * &
1495	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1496	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1497	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1498	)**2 + &
1499	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1500	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1501	)**2 + &
1502	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
1503	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
1504	)**2 &
1505	) * &
1506	e(k,j,i)
1507	ENDDO
1508	ENDDO
1509	ENDDO
1510	!
1511	!-- scalar concentration
1512	CASE ( 7 )
1513	DO i = nxl, nxr
1514	DO j = nys, nyn
1515	!
1516	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1517	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1518
1519	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1520
1521	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1522	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1523	lsec * &
1524	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1525	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1526	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1527	)**2 + &
1528	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1529	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1530	)**2 + &
1531	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1532	w(k,j,i) ) &
1533	)**2 &
1534	) * &
1535	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
1536	ENDDO
1537	ENDDO
1538	ENDDO
1539
1540
1541
1542	CASE DEFAULT
1543
1544	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
1545	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1546
1547	END SELECT
1548
1549	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
1550
1551
1552	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1553	! Description:
1554	! ------------
1555	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
1556	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
1557	!>
1558	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
1559	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1560	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
1561	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
1562	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1563	!>
1564	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
1565	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
1566	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
1567	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
1568	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
1569	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
1570	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
1571	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
1572	!>
1573	!>
1574	!> Call for grid point i,j
1575	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1576	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
1577
1578
1579	USE control_parameters, &
1580	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
1581
1582	USE kinds
1583
1584	IMPLICIT NONE
1585
1586	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1587	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1588	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1589	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1590	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
1591	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1592
1593	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1594	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1595	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1596	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1597	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1598	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1599
1600
1601	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
1602	!
1603	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
1604	SELECT CASE ( component )
1605
1606	!
1607	!-- u-component
1608	CASE ( 1 )
1609	!
1610	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
1611	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
1612	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1613
1614	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1615
1616	!
1617	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1618	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1619	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1620	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1621	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1622	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
1623	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1624	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1625	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1626	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1627	ENDIF
1628
1629	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1630	pre_u = 0.0_wp
1631	!
1632	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1633	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1634	lad_local * &
1635	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
1636	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
1637	v(k,j,i) + &
1638	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1639	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
1640	)**2 + &
1641	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
1642	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1643	w(k,j,i-1) + &
1644	w(k,j,i) ) &
1645	)**2 &
1646	) * &
1647	u(k,j,i)
1648
1649	!
1650	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1651	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1652	!
1653	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1654	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1655	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
1656	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1657	ELSE
1658	pre_tend = pre_tend
1659	ENDIF
1660	!
1661	!-- Calculate final tendency
1662	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1663	ENDDO
1664
1665
1666	!
1667	!-- v-component
1668	CASE ( 2 )
1669	!
1670	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
1671	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
1672
1673	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1674
1675	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1676	!
1677	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1678	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1679	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1680	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1681	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1682	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
1683	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1684	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1685	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1686	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1687	ENDIF
1688
1689	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1690	pre_v = 0.0_wp
1691	!
1692	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1693	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1694	lad_local * &
1695	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
1696	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
1697	u(k,j,i) + &
1698	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1699	)**2 + &
1700	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
1701	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
1702	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1703	w(k,j-1,i) + &
1704	w(k,j,i) ) &
1705	)**2 &
1706	) * &
1707	v(k,j,i)
1708
1709	!
1710	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1711	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1712	!
1713	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1714	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1715	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
1716	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1717	ELSE
1718	pre_tend = pre_tend
1719	ENDIF
1720	!
1721	!-- Calculate final tendency
1722	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1723	ENDDO
1724
1725
1726	!
1727	!-- w-component
1728	CASE ( 3 )
1729	!
1730	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
1731	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
1732
1733	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
1734
1735	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1736
1737	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1738	pre_w = 0.0_wp
1739	!
1740	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1741	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1742	(0.5_wp * &
1743	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
1744	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1745	u(k,j,i+1) + &
1746	u(k+1,j,i) + &
1747	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
1748	)**2 + &
1749	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1750	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1751	v(k+1,j,i) + &
1752	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
1753	)**2 + &
1754	w(k,j,i)**2 &
1755	) * &
1756	w(k,j,i)
1757	!
1758	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1759	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1760	!
1761	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1762	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1763	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
1764	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1765	ELSE
1766	pre_tend = pre_tend
1767	ENDIF
1768	!
1769	!-- Calculate final tendency
1770	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1771	ENDDO
1772
1773	!
1774	!-- potential temperature
1775	CASE ( 4 )
1776	!
1777	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
1778	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1779
1780	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1781	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1782	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
1783	ENDDO
1784
1785
1786	!
1787	!-- humidity
1788	CASE ( 5 )
1789	!
1790	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
1791	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1792
1793	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1794	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1795
1796	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
1797	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1798	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1799	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1800	)**2 + &
1801	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1802	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1803	)**2 + &
1804	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1805	w(k,j,i) ) &
1806	)**2 &
1807	) * &
1808	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
1809
1810	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
1811
1812	ENDDO
1813
1814	!
1815	!-- sgs-tke
1816	CASE ( 6 )
1817	!
1818	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
1819	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1820
1821	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1822
1823	kk = k - k_wall
1824	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1825	2.0_wp * cdc * &
1826	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1827	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1828	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1829	)**2 + &
1830	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1831	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1832	)**2 + &
1833	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
1834	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
1835	)**2 &
1836	) * &
1837	e(k,j,i)
1838	ENDDO
1839
1840	!
1841	!-- scalar concentration
1842	CASE ( 7 )
1843	!
1844	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
1845	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1846
1847	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1848
1849	kk = k - k_wall
1850	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1851	lsec * &
1852	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1853	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1854	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1855	)**2 + &
1856	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1857	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1858	)**2 + &
1859	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1860	w(k,j,i) ) &
1861	)**2 &
1862	) * &
1863	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
1864	ENDDO
1865
1866	CASE DEFAULT
1867
1868	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
1869	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1870
1871	END SELECT
1872
1873	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
1874
1875
1876
1877	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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