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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4384

Last change on this file since 4384 was 4381, checked in by suehring, 5 years ago
Land-surface model: Bugfix in nested soil initialization in case no dynamic input file is present; give local error messages only onces
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1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	! Copyright 2017-2019 Institute of Computer Science of the
19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
21	!
22	! Current revisions:
23	! ------------------
24	!
25	!
26	! Former revisions:
27	! -----------------
28	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4381 2020-01-20 13:51:46Z Giersch $
29	! Give error message 313 only once
30	!
31	! 4363 2020-01-07 18:11:28Z suehring
32	! Fix for last commit
33	!
34	! 4362 2020-01-07 17:15:02Z suehring
35	! Input of plant canopy variables from static driver moved to plant-canopy
36	! model
37	!
38	! 4361 2020-01-07 12:22:38Z suehring
39	! - Remove unused arrays in pmc_rrd_local
40	! - Remove one exchange of ghost points
41	!
42	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
43	! - Bugfix, read restart data for time-averaged pcm output quantities
44	! - Output of plant-canopy quantities will fill values
45	!
46	! 4356 2019-12-20 17:09:33Z suehring
47	! Correct single message call, local check must be given by the respective
48	! mpi rank.
49	!
50	! 4346 2019-12-18 11:55:56Z motisi
51	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
52	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
53	!
54	! 4342 2019-12-16 13:49:14Z Giersch
55	! Use statements moved to module level, ocean dependency removed, redundant
56	! variables removed
57	!
58	! 4341 2019-12-16 10:43:49Z motisi
59	! - Unification of variable names: pc_-variables now pcm_-variables
60	! (pc_latent_rate, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate)
61	! - Removal of pcm_bowenratio output
62	! - Renamed canopy-mode 'block' to 'homogeneous'
63	! - Renamed value 'read_from_file_3d' to 'read_from_file'
64	! - Removal of confusing comment lines
65	! - Replacement of k_wall by topo_top_ind
66	! - Removal of Else-Statement in tendency-calculation
67	!
68	! 4335 2019-12-12 16:39:05Z suehring
69	! Fix for LAD at building edges also implemented in vector branch.
70	!
71	! 4331 2019-12-10 18:25:02Z suehring
72	! Typo corrected
73	!
74	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
75	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
76	!
77	! 4314 2019-11-29 10:29:20Z suehring
78	! - Bugfix, plant canopy was still considered at building edges on for the u-
79	! and v-component.
80	! - Relax restriction of LAD on building tops. LAD is only omitted at
81	! locations where building grid points emerged artificially by the
82	! topography filtering.
83	!
84	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
85	! Typo
86	!
87	! 4302 2019-11-22 13:15:56Z suehring
88	! Omit tall canopy mapped on top of buildings
89	!
90	! 4279 2019-10-29 08:48:17Z scharf
91	! unused variables removed
92	!
93	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z scharf
94	! changed check for static driver and fixed bugs in initialization and header
95	!
96	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z suehring
97	! Check if any LAD is prescribed when plant-canopy model is applied.
98	!
99	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
100	! Bugfix, missing initialization of heating rate
101	!
102	! 4221 2019-09-09 08:50:35Z suehring
103	! Further bugfix in 3d data output for plant canopy
104	!
105	! 4216 2019-09-04 09:09:03Z suehring
106	! Bugfixes in 3d data output
107	!
108	! 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring
109	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
110	!
111	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
112	! Minor adjustment in error number
113	!
114	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
115	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
116	!
117	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
118	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
119	!
120	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
121	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
122	!
123	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
124	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
125	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
126	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
127	! (merge from branch resler)
128	!
129	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
130	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
131	! of additional debug messages
132	!
133	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
134	! unsed variables removed
135	!
136	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
137	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
138	! becomes > 40 degrees
139	!
140	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
141	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
142	!
143	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
144	! unused variables removed
145	!
146	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
147	! Initial revision
148	!
149	! Description:
150	! ------------
151	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
152	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
153	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
154	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
155	!
156	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
157	! @todo - unify variable names (pcm_, pc_, ...)
158	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
159	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
160
161	USE arrays_3d, &
162	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
163
164	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
165	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
166
167	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
168	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
169
170	USE control_parameters, &
171	ONLY: average_count_3d, &
172	coupling_char, &
173	debug_output, &
174	dt_3d, &
175	dz, &
176	humidity, &
177	length, &
178	message_string, &
179	ocean_mode, &
180	passive_scalar, &
181	plant_canopy, &
182	restart_string, &
183	urban_surface
184
185	USE grid_variables, &
186	ONLY: dx, dy
187
188	USE indices, &
189	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
190	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind, wall_flags_total_0
191
192	USE kinds
193
194	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
195	ONLY: input_pids_static, &
196	char_fill, &
197	check_existence, &
198	close_input_file, &
199	get_attribute, &
200	get_dimension_length, &
201	get_variable, &
202	inquire_num_variables, &
203	inquire_variable_names, &
204	input_file_static, &
205	num_var_pids, &
206	open_read_file, &
207	pids_id, &
208	real_3d, &
209	vars_pids
210
211	USE pegrid
212
213	USE surface_mod, &
214	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
215
216
217	IMPLICIT NONE
218
219	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' !< canopy coverage
220	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
221	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
222	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
223
224	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
225	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
226
227	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
228
229	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
230
231	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
232	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
233	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
234	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
235	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
236	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
237	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
238	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
239	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
240	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
241
242	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
243	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
244
245	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
246	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
247
248	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
249	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
250
251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
252	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
256
257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
260
261	TYPE(real_3d) :: basal_area_density_f !< input variable for basal area density - resolved vegetation
262	TYPE(real_3d) :: leaf_area_density_f !< input variable for leaf area density - resolved vegetation
263	TYPE(real_3d) :: root_area_density_lad_f !< input variable for root area density - resolved vegetation
264
265	SAVE
266
267	PRIVATE
268
269	!
270	!-- Public functions
271	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, &
272	pcm_check_data_output, &
273	pcm_check_parameters, &
274	pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
275	pcm_data_output_3d, &
276	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
277	pcm_header, &
278	pcm_init, &
279	pcm_parin, &
280	pcm_rrd_local, &
281	pcm_tendency, &
282	pcm_wrd_local
283
284	!
285	!-- Public variables and constants
286	PUBLIC canopy_drag_coeff, pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate, &
287	pcm_latent_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
288	pch_index, plant_canopy_transpiration
289
290	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
291	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
292	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
293
294	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
295	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
296	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
297
298	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
299	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
300	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
301
302	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
303	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
304	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
305
306	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
307	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
308	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
309
310	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
311	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
312	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
313
314	INTERFACE pcm_header
315	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
316	END INTERFACE pcm_header
317
318	INTERFACE pcm_init
319	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
320	END INTERFACE pcm_init
321
322	INTERFACE pcm_parin
323	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
324	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
325
326	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
327	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
328	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
329
330	INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
331	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_rrd_local
332	END INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
333
334	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
335	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
336	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
337	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
338
339	INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
340	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_wrd_local
341	END INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
342
343
344	CONTAINS
345
346
347	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
348	! Description:
349	! ------------
350	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
351	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
352	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
353	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
354	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
355	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
356	!> Tree Physiology 20).
357	!>
358	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
359	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
360	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
361	!>
362	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
363	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
364
365	!
366	!-- input parameters
367	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
368	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
369	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
370	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
371	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
372
373	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
374	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
375	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
376	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
377	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
378	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
379	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
380	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
381	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
382	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
383	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
384
385
386	!-- Temperature (deg C)
387	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
388	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
389	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
390	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
391	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
392	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
393	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
394	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
395	!-- Wind speed
396	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
397	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
398	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
399	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
400	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
401	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
402	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
403	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
404	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
405	f1 = rad * (1000.0_wp+42.1_wp) / 1000.0_wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
406	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
407	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
408	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
409	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
410	!-- Water pressure deficit
411	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
412	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
413	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
414	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
415	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
416	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
417	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
418	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
419	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
420	!-- Residual soil water content
421	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
422	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
423	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
424	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
425	f4 = MAX(0.0_wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
426	!-- Stomatal conductivity
427	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
428	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
429	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
430	!-- Decoupling factor
431	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
432	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
433	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
434	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
435	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
436	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
437	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
438	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
439	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
440	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
441	!-- Evaporation rate
442	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
443	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
444	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
445	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
446	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
447	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
448	!-- latent heat from evaporation
449	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
450
451	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
452
453
454	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
455	! Description:
456	! ------------
457	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
458	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
459	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
460
461	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
462	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
463
464
465	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
466
467	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
468	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
469	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
470	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
471	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
472	ENDIF
473	unit = 'K s-1'
474
475	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
476	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
477
478	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
479	unit = 'K s-1'
480
481	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
482	unit = 'm2 m-3'
483
484
485	CASE DEFAULT
486	unit = 'illegal'
487
488	END SELECT
489
490
491	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
492
493
494	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
495	! Description:
496	! ------------
497	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
498	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
499	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
500
501	IF ( ocean_mode ) THEN
502	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. is not allowed in the '// &
503	'ocean'
504	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0696', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
505	ENDIF
506
507	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
508	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
509	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
510	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
511	ENDIF
512
513	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
514	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
515	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
516	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
517	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
518	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
519	ENDIF
520
521	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
522	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
523	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
524	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
525	'lai_beta = 0.0'
526	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
527	ENDIF
528
529	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
530	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
531	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
532	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
533	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
534	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
535	'density profile'
536	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
537	ENDIF
538
539	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
540	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
541	' seifert_beheng'
542	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
543	ENDIF
544	!
545	!-- If canopy shall be read from file, static input file must be present
546	IF ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) == 'read_from_file' .AND. &
547	.NOT. input_pids_static ) THEN
548	message_string = 'canopy_mode = read_from_file requires ' // &
549	'static input file'
550	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0672', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
551	ENDIF
552
553	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
554
555
556	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
557	!
558	! Description:
559	! ------------
560	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
561	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
562	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
563
564	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
565	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
566
567	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
568	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
569	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
570
571
572	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
573
574	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
575
576	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
577	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
578	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
579	ENDIF
580	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
581
582
583	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
584	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
585	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
586	ENDIF
587	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
588
589
590	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
591	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
592	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
593	ENDIF
594	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
595
596	CASE DEFAULT
597	CONTINUE
598
599	END SELECT
600
601	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
602
603	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
604
605	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
606	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
607	DO i = nxl, nxr
608	DO j = nys, nyn
609	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
610	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
611	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
612	ENDDO
613	ENDIF
614	ENDDO
615	ENDDO
616	ENDIF
617
618
619	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
620	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
621	DO i = nxl, nxr
622	DO j = nys, nyn
623	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
624	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
625	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
626	ENDDO
627	ENDIF
628	ENDDO
629	ENDDO
630	ENDIF
631
632
633	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
634	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
635	DO i = nxl, nxr
636	DO j = nys, nyn
637	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
638	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
639	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
640	ENDDO
641	ENDIF
642	ENDDO
643	ENDDO
644	ENDIF
645
646	CASE DEFAULT
647	CONTINUE
648
649	END SELECT
650
651	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
652
653	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
654
655	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
656	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
657	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
658	DO j = nysg, nyng
659	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
660	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
661	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
662	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
663	ENDDO
664	ENDIF
665	ENDDO
666	ENDDO
667	ENDIF
668
669
670	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
671	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
672	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
673	DO j = nysg, nyng
674	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
675	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
676	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
677	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
678	ENDDO
679	ENDIF
680	ENDDO
681	ENDDO
682	ENDIF
683
684
685	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
686	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
687	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
688	DO j = nysg, nyng
689	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
690	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
691	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
692	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
693	ENDDO
694	ENDIF
695	ENDDO
696	ENDDO
697	ENDIF
698
699	END SELECT
700
701	ENDIF
702
703	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
704
705	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
706	!
707	! Description:
708	! ------------
709	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
710	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
711	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
712	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
713	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
714	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
715	nzb_do, nzt_do )
716
717	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< treated variable
718
719	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< flag indicating instantaneous or averaged data output
720	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x-direction
721	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y-direction
722	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z-direction
723	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
724	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
725
726	LOGICAL :: found !< flag indicating if variable is found
727
728	REAL(wp) :: fill_value !< fill value
729	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !< data output array
730
731
732	found = .TRUE.
733
734	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
735
736	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
737	!
738	!-- Note, to save memory arrays for heating are allocated from 0:pch_index.
739	!-- Thus, output must be relative to these array indices. Further, check
740	!-- whether the output is within the vertical output range,
741	!-- i.e. nzb_do:nzt_do, which is necessary as local_pf is only allocated
742	!-- for this index space. Note, plant-canopy output has a separate
743	!-- vertical output coordinate zlad, so that output is mapped down to the
744	!-- surface.
745	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
746	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
747	DO i = nxl, nxr
748	DO j = nys, nyn
749	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
750	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
751	ENDDO
752	ENDDO
753	ENDDO
754	ELSE
755	DO i = nxl, nxr
756	DO j = nys, nyn
757	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
758	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
759	ENDDO
760	ENDDO
761	ENDDO
762	ENDIF
763
764	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
765	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
766	DO i = nxl, nxr
767	DO j = nys, nyn
768	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
769	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
770	ENDDO
771	ENDDO
772	ENDDO
773	ELSE
774	DO i = nxl, nxr
775	DO j = nys, nyn
776	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
777	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
778	ENDDO
779	ENDDO
780	ENDDO
781	ENDIF
782
783	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
784	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
785	DO i = nxl, nxr
786	DO j = nys, nyn
787	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
788	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
789	ENDDO
790	ENDDO
791	ENDDO
792	ELSE
793	DO i = nxl, nxr
794	DO j = nys, nyn
795	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
796	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
797	ENDDO
798	ENDDO
799	ENDDO
800	ENDIF
801
802	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
803	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
804	DO i = nxl, nxr
805	DO j = nys, nyn
806	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
807	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
808	ENDDO
809	ENDDO
810	ENDDO
811	ENDIF
812
813	CASE DEFAULT
814	found = .FALSE.
815
816	END SELECT
817
818	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
819
820	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
821	!
822	! Description:
823	! ------------
824	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
825	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
826	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
827	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
828
829	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
830	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
831	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
832	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
833	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
834
835	found = .TRUE.
836
837	!
838	!-- Check for the grid. zpc is zu(nzb:nzb+pch_index)
839	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
840
841	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate')
842	grid_x = 'x'
843	grid_y = 'y'
844	grid_z = 'zpc'
845
846	CASE DEFAULT
847	found = .FALSE.
848	grid_x = 'none'
849	grid_y = 'none'
850	grid_z = 'none'
851	END SELECT
852
853	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
854
855
856	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
857	! Description:
858	! ------------
859	!> Header output for plant canopy model
860	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
861	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
862
863	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
864
865	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
866	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
867	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
868	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
869
870	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
871	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
872	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
873
874	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
875
876	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
877
878	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
879	canopy_drag_coeff
880	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
881	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
882	leaf_surface_conc
883	ENDIF
884
885	!
886	! Heat flux at the top of vegetation
887	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
888
889	!
890	! Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
891	! gradients or from beta probability density function.
892	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
893
894	! Building output strings, starting with surface value
895	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
896	gradients = '------'
897	slices = ' 0'
898	coordinates = ' 0.0'
899	DO i = 1, UBOUND(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind, DIM=1)
900	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) /= -9999 ) THEN
901
902	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
903	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
904
905	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
906	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
907
908	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
909	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
910
911	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
912	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
913	ELSE
914	EXIT
915	ENDIF
916	ENDDO
917
918	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
919	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
920
921	ELSE
922
923	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
924	coordinates = ' 0.0'
925
926	DO k = 1, pch_index
927
928	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
929	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
930	TRIM( coor_chr )
931
932	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
933	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
934
935	ENDDO
936
937	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
938	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
939
940	ENDIF
941
942	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
943	' ------------------------------'// &
944	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
945	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
946	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
947	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
948	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
949	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ', &
950	F6.2, ' K m/s')
951	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
952	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
953	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
954	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
955	' Gridpoint: ',A)
956	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
957	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
958	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
959	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
960	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
961	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
962
963	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
964
965
966	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
967	! Description:
968	! ------------
969	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
970	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
971	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
972
973	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
974	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
975	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
976	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
977
978	LOGICAL :: lad_on_top = .FALSE. !< dummy flag to indicate that LAD is defined on a building roof
979
980	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
981	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
982	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
983	REAL(wp) :: lad_max !< maximum LAD value in the model domain, used to perform a check
984
985	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
986	!
987	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
988	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
989	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
990	lad = 0.0_wp
991	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
992
993	!
994	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
995	!-- a beta probability density function
996	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
997	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
998	ENDIF
999
1000
1001	!
1002	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
1003	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
1004	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
1005	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
1006	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
1007	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
1008
1009	!
1010	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
1011	i = 1
1012	gradient = 0.0_wp
1013
1014	lad(0) = lad_surface
1015	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
1016
1017	DO k = 1, pch_index
1018	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
1019	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
1020	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1021	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
1022	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
1023	i = i + 1
1024	ENDIF
1025	ENDIF
1026	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1027	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
1028	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
1029	ELSE
1030	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
1031	ENDIF
1032	ELSE
1033	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
1034	ENDIF
1035	ENDDO
1036
1037	!
1038	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
1039	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
1040	!-- file.
1041	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1042	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
1043	ENDIF
1044
1045	ELSE
1046
1047	!
1048	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
1049	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
1050	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
1051
1052	DO k = 0, pch_index
1053	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
1054	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1055	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
1056	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1057	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
1058	ENDDO
1059
1060	!
1061	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
1062	DO k = 0, pch_index
1063	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
1064	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1065	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
1066	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
1067	) / canopy_height
1068	ENDDO
1069
1070	!
1071	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
1072	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
1073	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
1074	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
1075	DO k = 1, pch_index
1076	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
1077	ENDDO
1078
1079	ENDIF
1080
1081	!
1082	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
1083	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1084
1085	!
1086	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
1087	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' initializes a canopy, which
1088	!-- fully covers the domain surface
1089	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
1090
1091	CASE( 'homogeneous' )
1092
1093	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1094	DO j = nysg, nyng
1095	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
1096	ENDDO
1097	ENDDO
1098
1099	CASE ( 'read_from_file' )
1100	!
1101	!-- Read plant canopy
1102	IF ( input_pids_static ) THEN
1103	!
1104	!-- Open the static input file
1105	#if defined( __netcdf )
1106	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
1107	TRIM( coupling_char ), &
1108	pids_id )
1109
1110	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
1111	!
1112	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them
1113	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
1114	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
1115	!
1116	!-- Read leaf area density - resolved vegetation
1117	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'lad' ) ) THEN
1118	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
1119	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
1120	leaf_area_density_f%fill, &
1121	.FALSE., 'lad' )
1122	!
1123	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
1124	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
1125	leaf_area_density_f%nz, &
1126	'zlad' )
1127	!
1128	!-- Allocate variable for leaf-area density
1129	ALLOCATE( leaf_area_density_f%var &
1130	(0:leaf_area_density_f%nz-1, &
1131	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
1132
1133	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'lad', leaf_area_density_f%var, &
1134	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
1135	0, leaf_area_density_f%nz-1 )
1136
1137	ELSE
1138	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
1139	ENDIF
1140	!
1141	!-- Read basal area density - resolved vegetation
1142	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'bad' ) ) THEN
1143	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
1144	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
1145	basal_area_density_f%fill, &
1146	.FALSE., 'bad' )
1147	!
1148	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
1149	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
1150	basal_area_density_f%nz, &
1151	'zlad' )
1152	!
1153	!-- Allocate variable
1154	ALLOCATE( basal_area_density_f%var &
1155	(0:basal_area_density_f%nz-1, &
1156	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
1157
1158	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'bad', basal_area_density_f%var,&
1159	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
1160	0, basal_area_density_f%nz-1 )
1161	ELSE
1162	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
1163	ENDIF
1164	!
1165	!-- Read root area density - resolved vegetation
1166	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'root_area_dens_r' ) ) THEN
1167	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .TRUE.
1168	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
1169	root_area_density_lad_f%fill, &
1170	.FALSE., 'root_area_dens_r' )
1171	!
1172	!-- Inquire number of vertical soil layers
1173	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
1174	root_area_density_lad_f%nz, &
1175	'zsoil' )
1176	!
1177	!-- Allocate variable
1178	ALLOCATE( root_area_density_lad_f%var &
1179	(0:root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1,&
1180	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
1181
1182	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'root_area_dens_r', &
1183	root_area_density_lad_f%var, &
1184	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
1185	0, root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1 )
1186	ELSE
1187	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .FALSE.
1188	ENDIF
1189
1190	DEALLOCATE( vars_pids )
1191	!
1192	!-- Finally, close the input file and deallocate temporary array
1193	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
1194	#endif
1195	ENDIF
1196
1197	!
1198	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
1199	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
1200	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
1201	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
1202	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1203	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
1204	!
1205	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
1206	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
1207	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
1208
1209	DO i = nxl, nxr
1210	DO j = nys, nyn
1211	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
1212	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
1213	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
1214	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
1215	ENDDO
1216	!
1217	!-- Check if resolved vegetation is mapped onto buildings.
1218	!-- In general, this is allowed and also meaningful, e.g.
1219	!-- when trees carry across roofs. However, due to the
1220	!-- topography filtering, new building grid points can emerge
1221	!-- at location where also plant canopy is defined. As a
1222	!-- result, plant canopy is mapped on top of roofs, with
1223	!-- siginficant impact on the downstream flow field and the
1224	!-- nearby surface radiation. In order to avoid that
1225	!-- plant canopy is mistakenly mapped onto building roofs,
1226	!-- check for building grid points (bit 6) that emerge from
1227	!-- the filtering (bit 4) and set LAD to zero at these
1228	!-- artificially created building grid points. This case,
1229	!-- an informative message is given.
1230	IF ( ANY( lad_s(:,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) .AND. &
1231	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
1232	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 4 ) ) ) THEN
1233	lad_s(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1234	lad_on_top = .TRUE.
1235	ENDIF
1236	ENDDO
1237	ENDDO
1238	#if defined( __parallel )
1239	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_on_top, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
1240	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr)
1241	#endif
1242	IF ( lad_on_top ) THEN
1243	WRITE( message_string, * ) &
1244	'Resolved plant-canopy is ' // &
1245	'defined on top of an artificially '// &
1246	'created building grid point(s) ' // &
1247	'(emerged from the filtering) - ' // &
1248	'LAD profile is omitted at this / ' // &
1249	'these grid point(s).'
1250	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0313', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
1251	ENDIF
1252	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1253	!
1254	! ASCII file
1255	!-- Initialize canopy parameters canopy_drag_coeff,
1256	!-- leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, leaf_surface_conc
1257	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
1258	!-- each location).
1259	ELSE
1260	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1261	ENDIF
1262
1263	CASE DEFAULT
1264	!
1265	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
1266	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
1267	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
1268	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
1269	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
1270	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
1271
1272	END SELECT
1273	!
1274	!-- Check that at least one grid point has an LAD /= 0, else this may
1275	!-- cause errors in the radiation model.
1276	lad_max = MAXVAL( lad_s )
1277	#if defined( __parallel )
1278	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_max, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, &
1279	comm2d, ierr)
1280	#endif
1281	IF ( lad_max <= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1282	message_string = 'Plant-canopy model is switched-on but no ' // &
1283	'plant canopy is present in the model domain.'
1284	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0685', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1285	ENDIF
1286
1287	!
1288	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
1289	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1290	pch_index_ji = 0
1291
1292	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1293	DO j = nysg, nyng
1294	DO k = 0, pch_index
1295	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
1296	ENDDO
1297	!
1298	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
1299	!-- height of the model domain.
1300	IF ( topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
1301	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
1302	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
1303	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, myid, 6, 0 )
1304	ENDIF
1305
1306	ENDDO
1307	ENDDO
1308	!
1309	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
1310	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
1311	!
1312	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
1313	#if defined( __parallel )
1314	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
1315	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
1316	#endif
1317	!
1318	!-- Allocation of arrays pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate and pcm_latent_rate
1319	ALLOCATE( pcm_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1320	pcm_heating_rate = 0.0_wp
1321
1322	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1323	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1324	pcm_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
1325	ALLOCATE( pcm_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1326	pcm_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
1327	ENDIF
1328	!
1329	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
1330	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
1331	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
1332	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
1333	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
1334	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
1335	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
1336	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
1337	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
1338	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
1339	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
1340	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pcm_heating_rate)
1341	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pcm_transpiration_rate, pcm_latent_rate)
1342	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
1343	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1344
1345	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1346	!
1347	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
1348	!-- integration of the leaf area density
1349	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1350	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1351	DO j = nysg, nyng
1352	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
1353	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
1354	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
1355	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
1356	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
1357	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
1358	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
1359	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1360	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
1361	ELSE
1362	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
1363	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
1364	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
1365	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1366	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
1367	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
1368	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
1369	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1370	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
1371	ENDIF
1372	ENDDO
1373	ENDDO
1374	ENDDO
1375
1376	!
1377	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
1378	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
1379	!-- Start with default surface type
1380	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
1381	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
1382	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
1383	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1384	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1385	ENDDO
1386	!
1387	!-- Natural surfaces
1388	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
1389	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
1390	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
1391	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1392	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1393	ENDDO
1394	!
1395	!-- Urban surfaces
1396	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
1397	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
1398	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
1399	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1400	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1401	ENDDO
1402	!
1403	!
1404	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
1405	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
1406	!-- canopy.
1407	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
1408	!-- rate (pcm_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
1409	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
1410	!-- of the respective layer
1411	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1412	DO j = nysg, nyng
1413	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
1414	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1415	pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
1416	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
1417	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
1418	ENDIF
1419	ENDDO
1420	ENDDO
1421	ENDDO
1422
1423	ENDIF
1424
1425	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
1426
1427	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
1428
1429
1430	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1431	! Description:
1432	! ------------
1433	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
1434	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1435	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1436
1437	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
1438
1439	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
1440	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1441	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1442	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1443	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1444	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1445	lai_beta, &
1446	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1447	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
1448	plant_canopy_transpiration
1449
1450	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1451	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1452	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1453	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1454	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1455	lai_beta, &
1456	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1457	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
1458	plant_canopy_transpiration
1459
1460	line = ' '
1461
1462	!
1463	!-- Try to find plant-canopy model package
1464	REWIND ( 11 )
1465	line = ' '
1466	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
1467	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
1468	ENDDO
1469	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1470
1471	!
1472	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1473	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
1474
1475	!
1476	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
1477	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1478
1479	GOTO 14
1480
1481	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1482	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1483	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
1484	!
1485	!-- Try to find old namelist
1486	12 REWIND ( 11 )
1487	line = ' '
1488	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
1489	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
1490	ENDDO
1491	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1492
1493	!
1494	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1495	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
1496
1497	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
1498	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
1499	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
1500	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
1501
1502	!
1503	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
1504	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1505
1506	GOTO 14
1507
1508	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1509	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1510	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
1511
1512	14 CONTINUE
1513
1514	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1515
1516
1517	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1518	! Description:
1519	! ------------
1520	!
1521	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
1522	!>
1523	!> num_levels
1524	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1525	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1526	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1527	!> ...
1528	!>
1529	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
1530	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
1531	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
1532	!>
1533	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
1534	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
1535	!>
1536	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
1537	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
1538	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1539	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1540
1541	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
1542	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
1543	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
1544	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
1545	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
1546	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
1547	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
1548
1549	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
1550
1551	!
1552	!-- Initialize lad_s array
1553	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1554
1555	!
1556	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
1557	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
1558	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
1559	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
1560	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
1561	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
1562	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
1563	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
1564
1565	DO
1566	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
1567	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
1568
1569	SELECT CASE (dtype)
1570	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
1571	!
1572	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
1573	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
1574	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
1575	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
1576	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
1577	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
1578	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
1579	'but pctype is ', pctype
1580	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1581	ENDIF
1582	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1583	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
1584	CASE DEFAULT
1585	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
1586	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
1587	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1588	END SELECT
1589	ENDDO
1590
1591	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1592	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1593
1594	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1595	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1596
1597	517 CLOSE(152)
1598	DEALLOCATE( col )
1599
1600	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1601
1602	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1603
1604	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1605	! Description:
1606	! ------------
1607	!> Subroutine reads local (subdomain) restart data
1608	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1609	SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local( k, nxlf, nxlc, nxl_on_file, nxrf, nxrc, &
1610	nxr_on_file, nynf, nync, nyn_on_file, nysf, &
1611	nysc, nys_on_file, found )
1612
1613	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
1614	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
1615	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
1616	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
1617	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
1618	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
1619	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
1620	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
1621	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
1622	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
1623	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
1624	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
1625	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
1626
1627	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
1628
1629	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:pch_index, &
1630	nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp, &
1631	nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) :: tmp_3d2 !< temporary 3D array for entire vertical
1632	!< extension of canopy layer
1633	found = .TRUE.
1634
1635	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
1636
1637	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
1638	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
1639	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1640	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
1641	ENDIF
1642	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
1643	pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
1644	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
1645
1646	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
1647	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
1648	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1649	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
1650	ENDIF
1651	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
1652	pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
1653	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
1654
1655	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
1656	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
1657	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1658	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
1659	ENDIF
1660	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
1661	pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
1662	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
1663
1664	CASE DEFAULT
1665
1666	found = .FALSE.
1667
1668	END SELECT
1669
1670	END SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local
1671
1672	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1673	! Description:
1674	! ------------
1675	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
1676	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
1677	!>
1678	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
1679	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1680	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
1681	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
1682	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1683	!>
1684	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
1685	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
1686	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
1687	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
1688	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
1689	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
1690	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
1691	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
1692	!>
1693	!>
1694	!> Call for all grid points
1695	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1696	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
1697
1698	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1699	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1700	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1701	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1702	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1703
1704	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
1705	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
1706	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
1707	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
1708
1709	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1710	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1711	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1712	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1713	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1714	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1715
1716
1717	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
1718
1719	!
1720	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
1721	SELECT CASE ( component )
1722
1723	!
1724	!-- u-component
1725	CASE ( 1 )
1726	DO i = nxlu, nxr
1727	DO j = nys, nyn
1728	!
1729	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
1730	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
1731	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
1732	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
1733	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
1734	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
1735	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )&
1736	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
1737	!
1738	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
1739	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1740
1741	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1742	!
1743	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1744	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1745	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1746	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1747	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1748	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
1749	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
1750	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
1751	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
1752	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
1753	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
1754	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1755	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp &
1756	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1757	!
1758	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
1759	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
1760	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
1761	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
1762	!-- point (j,i-1).
1763	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp &
1764	.AND. building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1765
1766	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1767	pre_u = 0.0_wp
1768	!
1769	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1770	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
1771	lad_local * &
1772	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
1773	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
1774	v(k,j,i) + &
1775	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1776	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
1777	)**2 + &
1778	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
1779	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1780	w(k,j,i-1) + &
1781	w(k,j,i) ) &
1782	)**2 &
1783	) * &
1784	u(k,j,i)
1785
1786	!
1787	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1788	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1789	!
1790	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1791	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1792	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
1793	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1794	ENDIF
1795	!
1796	!-- Calculate final tendency
1797	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1798
1799	ENDDO
1800	ENDDO
1801	ENDDO
1802
1803	!
1804	!-- v-component
1805	CASE ( 2 )
1806	DO i = nxl, nxr
1807	DO j = nysv, nyn
1808	!
1809	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
1810	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
1811	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
1812	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
1813	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
1814	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
1815	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )&
1816	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
1817	!
1818	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
1819	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1820
1821	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1822	!
1823	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1824	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1825	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1826	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1827	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1828	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
1829	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
1830	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
1831	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
1832	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
1833	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
1834	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1835	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp &
1836	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1837	!
1838	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
1839	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
1840	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
1841	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
1842	!-- point (j,i-1).
1843	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp &
1844	.AND. building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1845
1846	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1847	pre_v = 0.0_wp
1848	!
1849	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1850	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
1851	lad_local * &
1852	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
1853	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
1854	u(k,j,i) + &
1855	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1856	)**2 + &
1857	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
1858	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
1859	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1860	w(k,j-1,i) + &
1861	w(k,j,i) ) &
1862	)**2 &
1863	) * &
1864	v(k,j,i)
1865
1866	!
1867	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1868	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1869	!
1870	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1871	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1872	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
1873	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1874	ELSE
1875	pre_tend = pre_tend
1876	ENDIF
1877	!
1878	!-- Calculate final tendency
1879	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1880
1881	ENDDO
1882	ENDDO
1883	ENDDO
1884
1885	!
1886	!-- w-component
1887	CASE ( 3 )
1888	DO i = nxl, nxr
1889	DO j = nys, nyn
1890	!
1891	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
1892	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
1893
1894	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1895
1896	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1897	pre_w = 0.0_wp
1898	!
1899	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1900	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
1901	(0.5_wp * &
1902	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
1903	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1904	u(k,j,i+1) + &
1905	u(k+1,j,i) + &
1906	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
1907	)**2 + &
1908	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1909	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1910	v(k+1,j,i) + &
1911	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
1912	)**2 + &
1913	w(k,j,i)**2 &
1914	) * &
1915	w(k,j,i)
1916	!
1917	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1918	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1919	!
1920	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1921	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1922	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
1923	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1924	ELSE
1925	pre_tend = pre_tend
1926	ENDIF
1927	!
1928	!-- Calculate final tendency
1929	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1930
1931	ENDDO
1932	ENDDO
1933	ENDDO
1934
1935	!
1936	!-- potential temperature
1937	CASE ( 4 )
1938	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1939	DO i = nxl, nxr
1940	DO j = nys, nyn
1941	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1942	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1943	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1944	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
1945	ENDDO
1946	ENDDO
1947	ENDDO
1948	ELSE
1949	DO i = nxl, nxr
1950	DO j = nys, nyn
1951	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1952	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1953	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1954	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
1955	ENDDO
1956	ENDDO
1957	ENDDO
1958	ENDIF
1959
1960	!
1961	!-- humidity
1962	CASE ( 5 )
1963	DO i = nxl, nxr
1964	DO j = nys, nyn
1965	!
1966	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1967	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1968
1969	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
1970
1971	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
1972	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
1973	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
1974	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
1975	! in the plant canopy box
1976	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
1977	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1978	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1979	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1980	)**2 + &
1981	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1982	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1983	)**2 + &
1984	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1985	w(k,j,i) ) &
1986	)**2 &
1987	) * &
1988	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
1989	ENDIF
1990
1991	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
1992	ENDDO
1993	ENDDO
1994	ENDDO
1995
1996	!
1997	!-- sgs-tke
1998	CASE ( 6 )
1999	DO i = nxl, nxr
2000	DO j = nys, nyn
2001	!
2002	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
2003	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2004
2005	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2006	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2007	2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
2008	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2009	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2010	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2011	)**2 + &
2012	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2013	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2014	)**2 + &
2015	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
2016	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
2017	)**2 &
2018	) * &
2019	e(k,j,i)
2020	ENDDO
2021	ENDDO
2022	ENDDO
2023	!
2024	!-- scalar concentration
2025	CASE ( 7 )
2026	DO i = nxl, nxr
2027	DO j = nys, nyn
2028	!
2029	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
2030	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2031
2032	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2033	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2034	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
2035	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2036	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2037	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2038	)**2 + &
2039	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2040	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2041	)**2 + &
2042	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2043	w(k,j,i) ) &
2044	)**2 &
2045	) * &
2046	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
2047	ENDDO
2048	ENDDO
2049	ENDDO
2050
2051
2052
2053	CASE DEFAULT
2054
2055	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
2056	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2057
2058	END SELECT
2059
2060	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
2061
2062
2063	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2064	! Description:
2065	! ------------
2066	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
2067	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
2068	!>
2069	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
2070	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
2071	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
2072	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
2073	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
2074	!>
2075	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
2076	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
2077	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
2078	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
2079	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
2080	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
2081	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
2082	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
2083	!>
2084	!>
2085	!> Call for grid point i,j
2086	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2087	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
2088
2089	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
2090	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2091	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2092	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2093	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
2094
2095	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
2096	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
2097	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
2098	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
2099
2100	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
2101	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
2102	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
2103	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
2104	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
2105	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
2106
2107
2108	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
2109	!
2110	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
2111	SELECT CASE ( component )
2112
2113	!
2114	!-- u-component
2115	CASE ( 1 )
2116	!
2117	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
2118	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
2119	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
2120	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
2121	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2122	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
2123	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2124	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
2125	!
2126	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
2127	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2128
2129	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2130
2131	!
2132	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
2133	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
2134	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
2135	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
2136	!-- than inside of the canopy.
2137	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
2138	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
2139	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
2140	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
2141	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
2142	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
2143	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
2144	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
2145	.NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
2146	!
2147	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
2148	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
2149	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
2150	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
2151	!-- point (j,i-1).
2152	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
2153	building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
2154
2155	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2156	pre_u = 0.0_wp
2157	!
2158	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2159	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
2160	lad_local * &
2161	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
2162	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
2163	v(k,j,i) + &
2164	v(k,j+1,i) + &
2165	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
2166	)**2 + &
2167	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
2168	w(k-1,j,i) + &
2169	w(k,j,i-1) + &
2170	w(k,j,i) ) &
2171	)**2 &
2172	) * &
2173	u(k,j,i)
2174
2175	!
2176	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2177	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2178	!
2179	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
2180	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
2181	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
2182	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2183	ELSE
2184	pre_tend = pre_tend
2185	ENDIF
2186	!
2187	!-- Calculate final tendency
2188	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2189	ENDDO
2190
2191
2192	!
2193	!-- v-component
2194	CASE ( 2 )
2195	!
2196	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
2197	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
2198	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
2199	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
2200	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2201	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
2202	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2203	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
2204	!
2205	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
2206	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2207
2208	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2209	!
2210	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
2211	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
2212	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
2213	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
2214	!-- than inside of the canopy.
2215	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
2216	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
2217	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
2218	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
2219	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
2220	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
2221	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
2222	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
2223	.NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2224	!
2225	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
2226	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
2227	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
2228	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
2229	!-- point (j,i-1).
2230	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
2231	building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2232
2233	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2234	pre_v = 0.0_wp
2235	!
2236	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2237	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
2238	lad_local * &
2239	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
2240	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
2241	u(k,j,i) + &
2242	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2243	)**2 + &
2244	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
2245	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
2246	w(k-1,j,i) + &
2247	w(k,j-1,i) + &
2248	w(k,j,i) ) &
2249	)**2 &
2250	) * &
2251	v(k,j,i)
2252
2253	!
2254	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2255	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2256	!
2257	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
2258	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
2259	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
2260	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2261	ELSE
2262	pre_tend = pre_tend
2263	ENDIF
2264	!
2265	!-- Calculate final tendency
2266	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2267	ENDDO
2268
2269
2270	!
2271	!-- w-component
2272	CASE ( 3 )
2273	!
2274	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
2275	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
2276
2277	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2278
2279	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2280	pre_w = 0.0_wp
2281	!
2282	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2283	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
2284	(0.5_wp * &
2285	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
2286	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2287	u(k,j,i+1) + &
2288	u(k+1,j,i) + &
2289	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
2290	)**2 + &
2291	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2292	v(k,j+1,i) + &
2293	v(k+1,j,i) + &
2294	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
2295	)**2 + &
2296	w(k,j,i)**2 &
2297	) * &
2298	w(k,j,i)
2299	!
2300	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2301	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2302	!
2303	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
2304	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
2305	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
2306	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2307	ELSE
2308	pre_tend = pre_tend
2309	ENDIF
2310	!
2311	!-- Calculate final tendency
2312	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2313	ENDDO
2314
2315	!
2316	!-- potential temperature
2317	CASE ( 4 )
2318	!
2319	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2320	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2321	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2322	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2323	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
2324	pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
2325	ENDDO
2326	ELSE
2327	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2328	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2329	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
2330	ENDDO
2331	ENDIF
2332
2333	!
2334	!-- humidity
2335	CASE ( 5 )
2336	!
2337	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2338	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2339	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
2340	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
2341	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
2342	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
2343	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
2344	! in the plant canopy box
2345	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
2346	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2347	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2348	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2349	)**2 + &
2350	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2351	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2352	)**2 + &
2353	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2354	w(k,j,i) ) &
2355	)**2 &
2356	) * &
2357	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
2358	ENDIF
2359
2360	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
2361
2362	ENDDO
2363
2364	!
2365	!-- sgs-tke
2366	CASE ( 6 )
2367	!
2368	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2369	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2370
2371	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2372	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2373	2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
2374	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2375	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2376	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2377	)**2 + &
2378	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2379	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2380	)**2 + &
2381	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
2382	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
2383	)**2 &
2384	) * &
2385	e(k,j,i)
2386	ENDDO
2387
2388	!
2389	!-- scalar concentration
2390	CASE ( 7 )
2391	!
2392	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2393	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2394
2395	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2396	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2397	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
2398	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2399	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2400	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2401	)**2 + &
2402	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2403	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2404	)**2 + &
2405	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2406	w(k,j,i) ) &
2407	)**2 &
2408	) * &
2409	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
2410	ENDDO
2411
2412	CASE DEFAULT
2413
2414	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
2415	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2416
2417	END SELECT
2418
2419	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
2420
2421	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2422	! Description:
2423	! ------------
2424	!> Subroutine writes local (subdomain) restart data
2425	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2426	SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
2427
2428	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
2429	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
2430	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_heatrate_av
2431	ENDIF
2432
2433	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
2434	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
2435	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_latentrate_av
2436	ENDIF
2437
2438	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
2439	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
2440	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_transpirationrate_av
2441	ENDIF
2442
2443	END SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
2444
2445
2446	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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