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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 3254

Last change on this file since 3254 was 3248, checked in by sward, 6 years ago
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1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! ------------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z suehring $
27	! Minor formating changes
28	!
29	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
30	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
31	!
32	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
33	! unused variables removed
34	!
35	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
36	! dz was replaced by the help of zw to allow for vertical stretching
37	!
38	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
39	! Error messages revised
40	!
41	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
42	! Error message revised
43	!
44	! 3022 2018-05-18 11:12:35Z suehring
45	! Bugfix in allocation of transpiration rate
46	!
47	! 3014 2018-05-09 08:42:38Z maronga
48	! Bugfix: nzb_do and nzt_do were not used for 3d data output
49	! Added pc_transpiration_rate
50	!
51	! 2977 2018-04-17 10:27:57Z kanani
52	! Implement changes from branch radiation (r2948-2971) with minor modifications,
53	! plus some formatting.
54	! (moh.hefny):
55	! Add plant canopy type to account for changes in LAD (based on the changes
56	! done by Resler & Pavel) and correct the error message to PALM Standard.
57	!
58	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z maronga
59	! renamed canopy_par to plant_canopy_parameters
60	!
61	! 2920 2018-03-22 11:22:01Z kanani
62	! Move usm_lad_rma and prototype_lad to radiation_model (moh.hefny)
63	!
64	! 2892 2018-03-14 15:06:29Z suehring
65	! Bugfix, read separate ASCII LAD files for parent and child model.
66	!
67	! 2770 2018-01-25 15:10:09Z kanani
68	! Correction of parameter check
69	!
70	! 2768 2018-01-24 15:38:29Z kanani
71	! Added check for output quantity pcm_heatrate, some formatting
72	!
73	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
74	! Increased LEN of canopy mode to 30
75	!
76	! 2746 2018-01-15 12:06:04Z suehring
77	! Move flag plant canopy to modules
78	!
79	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
80	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
81	!
82	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
83	! Changes from last commit documented
84	!
85	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
86	! Bugfix in get_topography_top_index
87	!
88	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
89	! Change in file header (GPL part)
90	! Bugfix for vertical loop index pch_index in case of Netcdf input
91	! Introduce 2D index array incorporate canopy top index
92	! Check if canopy on top of topography do not exceed vertical dimension
93	! Add check for canopy_mode in case of Netcdf input.
94	! Enable _FillValue output for 3d quantities
95	! Bugfix in reading of PIDS leaf area density (MS)
96	!
97	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
98	! coupling_char removed
99	!
100	! 2512 2017-10-04 08:26:59Z raasch
101	! upper bounds of 3d output changed from nx+1,ny+1 to nx,ny
102	! no output of ghost layer data
103	!
104	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
105	! Get topography top index via Function call
106	!
107	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
108	! Changed error messages
109	!
110	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
111	!
112	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
113	! Adjustments to new topography concept
114	!
115	! 2213 2017-04-24 15:10:35Z kanani
116	! Bugfix: exchange of ghost points in array pc_heating_rate needed for output
117	! of pcm_heatrate, onetime ghost point exchange of lad_s after initialization.
118	! Formatting and clean-up of subroutine pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d,
119	! minor re-organization of canopy-heating initialization.
120	!
121	! 2209 2017-04-19 09:34:46Z kanani
122	! Added 3d output of leaf area density (pcm_lad) and canopy
123	! heat rate (pcm_heatrate)
124	!
125	! 2024 2016-10-12 16:42:37Z kanani
126	! Added missing lad_s initialization
127	!
128	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
129	! Renamed canopy_heat_flux to pc_heating_rate, since the original meaning/
130	! calculation of the quantity has changed, related to the urban surface model
131	! and similar future applications.
132	!
133	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
134	! Added SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d for reading 3d plant canopy data
135	! from file (new case canopy_mode=read_from_file_3d) in the course of
136	! introduction of urban surface model,
137	! introduced variable ext_coef,
138	! resorted SUBROUTINEs to alphabetical order
139	!
140	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
141	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
142	!
143	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
144	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
145	!
146	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
147	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
148	!
149	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
150	! Further modularization
151	!
152	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
153	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
154	! canopy is set on top of topography
155	!
156	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
157	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
158	!
159	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
160	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
161	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
162	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
163	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
164	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
165	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
166	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
167	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
168	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
169	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
170	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
171	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
172	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
173	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
174	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
175	! respectively,
176	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
177	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
178	!
179	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
180	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
181	!
182	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
183	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
184	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
185	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
186	! old module precision_kind is removed,
187	! revision history before 2012 removed,
188	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
189	! all variable declaration statements
190	!
191	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
192	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
193	!
194	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
195	! Initial revision
196	!
197	! Description:
198	! ------------
199	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
200	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
201	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
202	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
203	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
204	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
205
206	USE arrays_3d, &
207	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
208
209	USE indices, &
210	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
211	nz, nzb, nzt
212
213	USE kinds
214
215	USE surface_mod, &
216	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji
217
218
219	IMPLICIT NONE
220
221
222	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
223
224	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
225	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
226
227	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
228
229	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
230
231	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
232	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
233	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
234	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
235	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
236	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
237	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
238	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
239	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
240	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
241	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
242	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
243	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
244
245	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
246	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
247
248	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
249	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
250
251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
252	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
253
254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
258
259	SAVE
260
261
262	PRIVATE
263
264	!
265	!-- Public functions
266	PUBLIC pcm_check_data_output, pcm_check_parameters, pcm_data_output_3d, &
267	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
268
269	!
270	!-- Public variables and constants
271	PUBLIC pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
272	pch_index
273
274
275	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
276	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
277	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
278
279	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
280	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
281	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
282
283	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
284	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
285	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
286
287	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
288	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
289	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
290
291	INTERFACE pcm_header
292	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
293	END INTERFACE pcm_header
294
295	INTERFACE pcm_init
296	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
297	END INTERFACE pcm_init
298
299	INTERFACE pcm_parin
300	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
301	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
302
303	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
304	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
305	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
306
307	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
308	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
309	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
310	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
311
312
313	CONTAINS
314
315
316	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
317	! Description:
318	! ------------
319	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
320	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
321	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
322
323
324	USE control_parameters, &
325	ONLY: message_string, urban_surface
326
327	IMPLICIT NONE
328
329	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
330	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
331
332
333	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
334
335	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
336	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
337	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
338	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
339	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
340	ENDIF
341	unit = 'K s-1'
342
343	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
344	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
345
346	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
347	unit = 'm2 m-3'
348
349
350	CASE DEFAULT
351	unit = 'illegal'
352
353	END SELECT
354
355
356	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
357
358
359	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
360	! Description:
361	! ------------
362	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
363	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
364	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
365
366	USE control_parameters, &
367	ONLY: cloud_physics, coupling_char, message_string, &
368	microphysics_seifert
369
370	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
371	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
372
373
374	IMPLICIT NONE
375
376
377	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
378	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
379	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
380	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
381	ENDIF
382
383	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
384	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
385	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
386	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
387	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
388	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
389	ENDIF
390
391	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
392	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
393	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
394	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
395	'lai_beta = 0.0'
396	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
397	ENDIF
398
399	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
400	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
401	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
402	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
403	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
404	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
405	'density profile'
406	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
407	ENDIF
408
409	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
410	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
411	' seifert_beheng'
412	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
413	ENDIF
414	!
415	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
416	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
417	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
418	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
419	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
420	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
421	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
422	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0999', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
423	ENDIF
424
425
426	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
427
428
429	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
430	!
431	! Description:
432	! ------------
433	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
434	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
435	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
436	nzb_do, nzt_do )
437
438	USE indices
439
440	USE kinds
441
442
443	IMPLICIT NONE
444
445	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
446
447	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
448	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
449	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
450	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
451	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
452	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
453	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
454
455	LOGICAL :: found !<
456
457	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
458	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !<
459
460
461	found = .TRUE.
462
463	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
464
465	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
466
467	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
468	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
469	DO i = nxl, nxr
470	DO j = nys, nyn
471	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
472	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
473	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
474	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
475	ENDDO
476	ENDIF
477	ENDDO
478	ENDDO
479	ENDIF
480
481	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
482	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
483	DO i = nxl, nxr
484	DO j = nys, nyn
485	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
486	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
487	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
488	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
489	ENDDO
490	ENDIF
491	ENDDO
492	ENDDO
493	ENDIF
494
495	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
496	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
497	DO i = nxl, nxr
498	DO j = nys, nyn
499	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
500	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
501	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
502	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k-k_topo,j,i)
503	ENDDO
504	ENDIF
505	ENDDO
506	ENDDO
507	ENDIF
508
509
510	CASE DEFAULT
511	found = .FALSE.
512
513	END SELECT
514
515
516	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
517
518	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
519	!
520	! Description:
521	! ------------
522	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
523	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
524	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
525	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
526
527	IMPLICIT NONE
528
529	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
530	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
531	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
532	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
533	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
534
535	found = .TRUE.
536
537	!
538	!-- Check for the grid
539	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
540
541	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate')
542	grid_x = 'x'
543	grid_y = 'y'
544	grid_z = 'zu'
545
546	CASE DEFAULT
547	found = .FALSE.
548	grid_x = 'none'
549	grid_y = 'none'
550	grid_z = 'none'
551	END SELECT
552
553	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
554
555
556	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
557	! Description:
558	! ------------
559	!> Header output for plant canopy model
560	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
561	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
562
563	USE control_parameters, &
564	ONLY: passive_scalar
565
566
567	IMPLICIT NONE
568
569	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
570
571	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
572	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
573	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
574	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
575
576	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
577	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
578	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
579
580	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
581
582	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
583
584	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
585	canopy_drag_coeff
586	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
587	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
588	leaf_surface_conc
589	ENDIF
590
591	!
592	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
593	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
594
595	!
596	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
597	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
598	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
599
600	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
601	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
602	gradients = '------'
603	slices = ' 0'
604	coordinates = ' 0.0'
605	i = 1
606	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
607	/= -9999 )
608
609	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
610	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
611	TRIM( coor_chr )
612
613	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
614	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
615
616	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
617	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
618
619	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
620	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
621
622	i = i + 1
623	ENDDO
624
625	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
626	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
627
628	ELSE
629
630	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
631	coordinates = ' 0.0'
632
633	DO k = 1, pch_index
634
635	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
636	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
637	TRIM( coor_chr )
638
639	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
640	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
641
642	ENDDO
643
644	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
645	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
646
647	ENDIF
648
649	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
650	' ------------------------------'// &
651	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
652	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
653	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
654	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
655	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
656	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
657	' K m/s')
658	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
659	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
660	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
661	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
662	' Gridpoint: ',A)
663	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
664	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
665	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
666	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
667	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
668	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
669
670	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
671
672
673	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
674	! Description:
675	! ------------
676	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
677	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
678	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
679
680
681	USE control_parameters, &
682	ONLY: humidity, message_string, ocean, urban_surface
683
684	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
685	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
686
687	USE surface_mod, &
688	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
689
690	IMPLICIT NONE
691
692	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
693	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
694	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
695	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
696
697	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
698	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
699	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
700
701	!
702	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
703	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
704	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
705	lad = 0.0_wp
706	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
707
708	!
709	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
710	!-- a beta probability density function
711	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
712	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
713	ENDIF
714
715
716	!
717	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
718	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
719	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
720	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
721	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
722	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
723
724	!
725	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
726	i = 1
727	gradient = 0.0_wp
728
729	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
730
731	lad(0) = lad_surface
732	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
733
734	DO k = 1, pch_index
735	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
736	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
737	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
738	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
739	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
740	i = i + 1
741	ENDIF
742	ENDIF
743	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
744	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
745	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
746	ELSE
747	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
748	ENDIF
749	ELSE
750	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
751	ENDIF
752	ENDDO
753
754	ENDIF
755
756	!
757	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
758	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
759	!-- file.
760	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
761	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
762	ENDIF
763
764	ELSE
765
766	!
767	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
768	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
769	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
770
771	DO k = 0, pch_index
772	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
773	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
774	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
775	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
776	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
777	ENDDO
778
779	!
780	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
781	DO k = 0, pch_index
782	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
783	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
784	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
785	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
786	) / canopy_height
787	ENDDO
788
789	!
790	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
791	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
792	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
793	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
794	DO k = 1, pch_index
795	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
796	ENDDO
797
798	ENDIF
799
800	!
801	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
802	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
803
804	!
805	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
806	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
807	!-- with the prescribed values
808	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
809	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
810	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
811
812	!
813	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
814	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
815	!-- fully covers the domain surface
816	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
817
818	CASE( 'block' )
819
820	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
821	DO j = nysg, nyng
822	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
823	ENDDO
824	ENDDO
825
826	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
827	!
828	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
829	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
830	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
831	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
832	lad_s = 0.0_wp
833	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
834	!
835	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
836	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
837	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
838
839	DO i = nxl, nxr
840	DO j = nys, nyn
841	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
842	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
843	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
844	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
845	ENDDO
846	ENDDO
847	ENDDO
848	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
849	!
850	! ASCII file
851	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
852	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
853	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
854	!-- each location).
855	ELSE
856	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
857	ENDIF
858
859	CASE DEFAULT
860	!
861	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
862	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
863	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
864	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
865	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
866	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
867
868	END SELECT
869	!
870	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
871	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
872	pch_index_ji = 0
873
874	DO i = nxl, nxr
875	DO j = nys, nyn
876	DO k = 0, pch_index
877	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
878	ENDDO
879	!
880	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
881	!-- height of the model domain.
882	k = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
883	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
884	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
885	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
886	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0999', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
887	ENDIF
888
889	ENDDO
890	ENDDO
891
892	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
893
894	!
895	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
896	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
897	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
898	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
899	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
900	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
901	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
902	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
903	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
904	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
905	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
906	!-- When using the urban surface model (USM), canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
907	!-- by radiation is calculated in the USM.
908	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
909
910	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
911	pc_heating_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
912	!
913	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
914	!-- integration of the leaf area density
915	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
916	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
917	DO j = nysg, nyng
918	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
919	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
920	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
921	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
922	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
923	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
924	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
925	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
926	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
927	ELSE
928	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
929	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
930	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
931	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
932	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
933	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
934	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
935	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
936	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
937	ENDIF
938	ENDDO
939	ENDDO
940	ENDDO
941
942	!
943	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
944	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
945	!-- Start with default surface type
946	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
947	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
948	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
949	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
950	ENDDO
951	!
952	!-- Natural surfaces
953	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
954	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
955	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
956	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
957	ENDDO
958	!
959	!-- Urban surfaces
960	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
961	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
962	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
963	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
964	ENDDO
965	!
966	!
967	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
968	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
969	!-- canopy.
970	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
971	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
972	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
973	!-- of the respective layer
974	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
975	DO j = nysg, nyng
976	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
977	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
978	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
979	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
980	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
981	ENDIF
982	ENDDO
983	ENDDO
984	ENDDO
985
986	ENDIF
987	!
988	!-- Allocate transpiration rate
989	IF ( humidity ) &
990	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
991
992
993
994	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
995
996
997	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
998	! Description:
999	! ------------
1000	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
1001	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1002	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1003
1004	USE control_parameters, &
1005	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
1006
1007	IMPLICIT NONE
1008
1009	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
1010
1011	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
1012	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1013	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1014	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1015	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1016	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1017	lai_beta, &
1018	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1019	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
1020
1021	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1022	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1023	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1024	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1025	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1026	lai_beta, &
1027	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1028	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
1029
1030	line = ' '
1031
1032	!
1033	!-- Try to find radiation model package
1034	REWIND ( 11 )
1035	line = ' '
1036	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
1037	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
1038	ENDDO
1039	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1040
1041	!
1042	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1043	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
1044
1045	!
1046	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
1047	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1048
1049	GOTO 14
1050
1051	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1052	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1053	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
1054	!
1055	!-- Try to find old namelist
1056	12 REWIND ( 11 )
1057	line = ' '
1058	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
1059	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
1060	ENDDO
1061	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1062
1063	!
1064	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1065	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
1066
1067	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
1068	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
1069	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
1070	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
1071
1072	!
1073	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
1074	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1075
1076	GOTO 14
1077
1078	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1079	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1080	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
1081
1082	14 CONTINUE
1083
1084
1085	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1086
1087
1088
1089	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1090	! Description:
1091	! ------------
1092	!
1093	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
1094	!>
1095	!> num_levels
1096	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1097	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1098	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1099	!> ...
1100	!>
1101	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
1102	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
1103	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
1104	!>
1105	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
1106	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
1107	!>
1108	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
1109	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
1110	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1111	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1112
1113	USE control_parameters, &
1114	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
1115
1116	USE indices, &
1117	ONLY: nbgp
1118
1119	IMPLICIT NONE
1120
1121	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
1122	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
1123	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
1124	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
1125
1126	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
1127
1128	!
1129	!-- Initialize lad_s array
1130	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1131
1132	!
1133	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
1134	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
1135	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
1136	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
1137	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
1138
1139	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
1140
1141	DO
1142	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
1143	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
1144
1145	SELECT CASE (dtype)
1146	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
1147	!
1148	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
1149	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
1150	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
1151	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
1152	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
1153	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
1154	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
1155	'but pctype is ', pctype
1156	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1157	ENDIF
1158	lad_s(0:nzp-1,j,i) = col(0:nzp-1) * lad_type_coef(pctype)
1159
1160	CASE DEFAULT
1161	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
1162	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
1163	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1164	END SELECT
1165	ENDDO
1166
1167	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1168	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1169
1170	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1171	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1172
1173	517 CLOSE(152)
1174	DEALLOCATE( col )
1175
1176	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1177
1178	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1179
1180
1181
1182	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1183	! Description:
1184	! ------------
1185	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
1186	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
1187	!>
1188	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
1189	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1190	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
1191	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
1192	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1193	!>
1194	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
1195	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
1196	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
1197	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
1198	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
1199	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
1200	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
1201	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
1202	!>
1203	!>
1204	!> Call for all grid points
1205	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1206	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
1207
1208
1209	USE control_parameters, &
1210	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
1211
1212	USE kinds
1213
1214	IMPLICIT NONE
1215
1216	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1217	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1218	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1219	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1220	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
1221	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1222
1223	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1224	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1225	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1226	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1227	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1228	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1229
1230
1231	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
1232
1233	!
1234	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
1235	SELECT CASE ( component )
1236
1237	!
1238	!-- u-component
1239	CASE ( 1 )
1240	DO i = nxlu, nxr
1241	DO j = nys, nyn
1242	!
1243	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
1244	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
1245	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1246
1247	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1248	!
1249	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1250	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
1251	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
1252	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
1253	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
1254	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
1255	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1256	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1257	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
1258	THEN
1259	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1260	ENDIF
1261
1262	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1263	pre_u = 0.0_wp
1264	!
1265	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1266	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1267	lad_local * &
1268	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
1269	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
1270	v(k,j,i) + &
1271	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1272	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
1273	)**2 + &
1274	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
1275	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1276	w(k,j,i-1) + &
1277	w(k,j,i) ) &
1278	)**2 &
1279	) * &
1280	u(k,j,i)
1281
1282	!
1283	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1284	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1285	!
1286	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1287	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1288	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
1289	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1290	ELSE
1291	pre_tend = pre_tend
1292	ENDIF
1293	!
1294	!-- Calculate final tendency
1295	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1296
1297	ENDDO
1298	ENDDO
1299	ENDDO
1300
1301	!
1302	!-- v-component
1303	CASE ( 2 )
1304	DO i = nxl, nxr
1305	DO j = nysv, nyn
1306	!
1307	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
1308	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
1309
1310	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1311
1312	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1313	!
1314	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1315	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
1316	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
1317	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
1318	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
1319	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
1320	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1321	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1322	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
1323	THEN
1324	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1325	ENDIF
1326
1327	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1328	pre_v = 0.0_wp
1329	!
1330	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1331	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1332	lad_local * &
1333	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
1334	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
1335	u(k,j,i) + &
1336	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1337	)**2 + &
1338	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
1339	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
1340	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1341	w(k,j-1,i) + &
1342	w(k,j,i) ) &
1343	)**2 &
1344	) * &
1345	v(k,j,i)
1346
1347	!
1348	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1349	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1350	!
1351	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1352	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1353	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
1354	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1355	ELSE
1356	pre_tend = pre_tend
1357	ENDIF
1358	!
1359	!-- Calculate final tendency
1360	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1361
1362	ENDDO
1363	ENDDO
1364	ENDDO
1365
1366	!
1367	!-- w-component
1368	CASE ( 3 )
1369	DO i = nxl, nxr
1370	DO j = nys, nyn
1371	!
1372	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
1373	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
1374
1375	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
1376
1377	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1378
1379	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1380	pre_w = 0.0_wp
1381	!
1382	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1383	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1384	(0.5_wp * &
1385	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
1386	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1387	u(k,j,i+1) + &
1388	u(k+1,j,i) + &
1389	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
1390	)**2 + &
1391	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1392	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1393	v(k+1,j,i) + &
1394	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
1395	)**2 + &
1396	w(k,j,i)**2 &
1397	) * &
1398	w(k,j,i)
1399	!
1400	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1401	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1402	!
1403	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1404	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1405	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
1406	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1407	ELSE
1408	pre_tend = pre_tend
1409	ENDIF
1410	!
1411	!-- Calculate final tendency
1412	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1413
1414	ENDDO
1415	ENDDO
1416	ENDDO
1417
1418	!
1419	!-- potential temperature
1420	CASE ( 4 )
1421	DO i = nxl, nxr
1422	DO j = nys, nyn
1423	!
1424	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1425	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1426
1427	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1428
1429	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1430	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
1431	ENDDO
1432	ENDDO
1433	ENDDO
1434
1435	!
1436	!-- humidity
1437	CASE ( 5 )
1438	DO i = nxl, nxr
1439	DO j = nys, nyn
1440	!
1441	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1442	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1443
1444	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1445
1446	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1447	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
1448	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1449	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1450	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1451	)**2 + &
1452	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1453	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1454	)**2 + &
1455	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1456	w(k,j,i) ) &
1457	)**2 &
1458	) * &
1459	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
1460
1461	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
1462	ENDDO
1463	ENDDO
1464	ENDDO
1465
1466	!
1467	!-- sgs-tke
1468	CASE ( 6 )
1469	DO i = nxl, nxr
1470	DO j = nys, nyn
1471	!
1472	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1473	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1474
1475	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1476
1477	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1478	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1479	2.0_wp * cdc * &
1480	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1481	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1482	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1483	)**2 + &
1484	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1485	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1486	)**2 + &
1487	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
1488	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
1489	)**2 &
1490	) * &
1491	e(k,j,i)
1492	ENDDO
1493	ENDDO
1494	ENDDO
1495	!
1496	!-- scalar concentration
1497	CASE ( 7 )
1498	DO i = nxl, nxr
1499	DO j = nys, nyn
1500	!
1501	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1502	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1503
1504	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1505
1506	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1507	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1508	lsec * &
1509	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1510	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1511	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1512	)**2 + &
1513	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1514	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1515	)**2 + &
1516	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1517	w(k,j,i) ) &
1518	)**2 &
1519	) * &
1520	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
1521	ENDDO
1522	ENDDO
1523	ENDDO
1524
1525
1526
1527	CASE DEFAULT
1528
1529	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
1530	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1531
1532	END SELECT
1533
1534	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
1535
1536
1537	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1538	! Description:
1539	! ------------
1540	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
1541	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
1542	!>
1543	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
1544	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1545	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
1546	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
1547	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1548	!>
1549	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
1550	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
1551	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
1552	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
1553	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
1554	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
1555	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
1556	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
1557	!>
1558	!>
1559	!> Call for grid point i,j
1560	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1561	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
1562
1563
1564	USE control_parameters, &
1565	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
1566
1567	USE kinds
1568
1569	IMPLICIT NONE
1570
1571	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1572	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1573	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1574	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1575	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
1576	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1577
1578	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1579	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1580	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1581	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1582	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1583	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1584
1585
1586	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
1587	!
1588	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
1589	SELECT CASE ( component )
1590
1591	!
1592	!-- u-component
1593	CASE ( 1 )
1594	!
1595	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
1596	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
1597	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1598
1599	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1600
1601	!
1602	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1603	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1604	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1605	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1606	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1607	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
1608	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1609	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1610	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1611	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1612	ENDIF
1613
1614	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1615	pre_u = 0.0_wp
1616	!
1617	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1618	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1619	lad_local * &
1620	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
1621	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
1622	v(k,j,i) + &
1623	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1624	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
1625	)**2 + &
1626	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
1627	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1628	w(k,j,i-1) + &
1629	w(k,j,i) ) &
1630	)**2 &
1631	) * &
1632	u(k,j,i)
1633
1634	!
1635	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1636	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1637	!
1638	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1639	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1640	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
1641	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1642	ELSE
1643	pre_tend = pre_tend
1644	ENDIF
1645	!
1646	!-- Calculate final tendency
1647	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1648	ENDDO
1649
1650
1651	!
1652	!-- v-component
1653	CASE ( 2 )
1654	!
1655	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
1656	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
1657
1658	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1659
1660	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1661	!
1662	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1663	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1664	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1665	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1666	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1667	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
1668	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
1669	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1670	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1671	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1672	ENDIF
1673
1674	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1675	pre_v = 0.0_wp
1676	!
1677	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1678	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1679	lad_local * &
1680	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
1681	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
1682	u(k,j,i) + &
1683	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1684	)**2 + &
1685	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
1686	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
1687	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1688	w(k,j-1,i) + &
1689	w(k,j,i) ) &
1690	)**2 &
1691	) * &
1692	v(k,j,i)
1693
1694	!
1695	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1696	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1697	!
1698	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1699	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1700	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
1701	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1702	ELSE
1703	pre_tend = pre_tend
1704	ENDIF
1705	!
1706	!-- Calculate final tendency
1707	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1708	ENDDO
1709
1710
1711	!
1712	!-- w-component
1713	CASE ( 3 )
1714	!
1715	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
1716	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
1717
1718	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
1719
1720	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1721
1722	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1723	pre_w = 0.0_wp
1724	!
1725	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1726	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1727	(0.5_wp * &
1728	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
1729	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1730	u(k,j,i+1) + &
1731	u(k+1,j,i) + &
1732	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
1733	)**2 + &
1734	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1735	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1736	v(k+1,j,i) + &
1737	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
1738	)**2 + &
1739	w(k,j,i)**2 &
1740	) * &
1741	w(k,j,i)
1742	!
1743	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1744	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1745	!
1746	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1747	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1748	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
1749	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1750	ELSE
1751	pre_tend = pre_tend
1752	ENDIF
1753	!
1754	!-- Calculate final tendency
1755	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1756	ENDDO
1757
1758	!
1759	!-- potential temperature
1760	CASE ( 4 )
1761	!
1762	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
1763	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1764
1765	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1766	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1767	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
1768	ENDDO
1769
1770
1771	!
1772	!-- humidity
1773	CASE ( 5 )
1774	!
1775	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
1776	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1777
1778	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1779	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1780
1781	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
1782	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1783	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1784	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1785	)**2 + &
1786	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1787	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1788	)**2 + &
1789	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1790	w(k,j,i) ) &
1791	)**2 &
1792	) * &
1793	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
1794
1795	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
1796
1797	ENDDO
1798
1799	!
1800	!-- sgs-tke
1801	CASE ( 6 )
1802	!
1803	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
1804	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1805
1806	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1807
1808	kk = k - k_wall
1809	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1810	2.0_wp * cdc * &
1811	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1812	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1813	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1814	)**2 + &
1815	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1816	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1817	)**2 + &
1818	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
1819	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
1820	)**2 &
1821	) * &
1822	e(k,j,i)
1823	ENDDO
1824
1825	!
1826	!-- scalar concentration
1827	CASE ( 7 )
1828	!
1829	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
1830	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
1831
1832	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1833
1834	kk = k - k_wall
1835	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1836	lsec * &
1837	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1838	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1839	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1840	)**2 + &
1841	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1842	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1843	)**2 + &
1844	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1845	w(k,j,i) ) &
1846	)**2 &
1847	) * &
1848	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
1849	ENDDO
1850
1851	CASE DEFAULT
1852
1853	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
1854	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1855
1856	END SELECT
1857
1858	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
1859
1860
1861
1862	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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