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plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4851

Last change on this file since 4851 was 4843, checked in by raasch, 4 years ago
local namelist parameter added to switch off the module although the respective module namelist appears in the namelist file, further copyright updates
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 128.0 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[4803]	2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[4803]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
	6	! Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
	7	! (at your option) any later version.
[1036]	8	!
[4803]	9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
	10	! implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
	11	! Public License for more details.
[1036]	12	!
[4803]	13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with PALM. If not, see
	14	! <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
[1036]	15	!
[4828]	16	! Copyright 1997-2021 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
	17	! Copyright 2017-2021 Institute of Computer Science of the
[3885]	18	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
[4803]	19	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	20	!
[257]	21	! Current revisions:
[2977]	22	! ------------------
[4671]	23	!
	24	!
[2214]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
[4495]	27	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4843 2021-01-15 15:22:11Z gronemeier $
[4843]	28	! local namelist parameter added to switch off the module although the respective module namelist
	29	! appears in the namelist file
	30	!
	31	! 4842 2021-01-14 10:42:28Z raasch
[4842]	32	! reading of namelist file and actions in case of namelist errors revised so that statement labels
	33	! and goto statements are not required any more,
	34	! deprecaed namelist name removed
	35	!
	36	! 4828 2021-01-05 11:21:41Z Giersch
[4803]	37	! file re-formatted to follow the PALM coding standard
[4770]	38	!
[4803]	39	! 4770 2020-11-03 14:04:53Z suehring
	40	! Consider basal-area density as an additional sink for momentum in the prognostic equations for
	41	! momentum and SGS TKE
	42	!
[4770]	43	! 4768 2020-11-02 19:11:23Z suehring
[4768]	44	! Enable 3D data output also with 64-bit precision
	45	!
	46	! 4671 2020-09-09 20:27:58Z pavelkrc
[4671]	47	! Implementation of downward facing USM and LSM surfaces
[4803]	48	!
[4671]	49	! 4535 2020-05-15 12:07:23Z raasch
[4535]	50	! bugfix for restart data format query
[4803]	51	!
[4535]	52	! 4525 2020-05-10 17:05:07Z raasch
[4525]	53	! bugfix for reading/writing pcm_...rate_av with MPI-IO
[4803]	54	!
[4525]	55	! 4517 2020-05-03 14:29:30Z raasch
[4517]	56	! added restart with MPI-IO for reading local arrays
[4803]	57	!
[4517]	58	! 4515 2020-04-30 16:37:18Z suehring
[4515]	59	! Rename error number again since this was recently given in -r 4511
[4803]	60	!
[4515]	61	! 4514 2020-04-30 16:29:59Z suehring
[4803]	62	! - Bugfix in output of pcm_heatrate_av in a restart run. In order to fix this, pch_index is now
	63	! output for a restart run. Therefore, define global restart routines.
	64	! - Error message number renamed and check for PA0505 revised in order to also consider natural
	65	! surfaces with plant-canopy.
	66	!
[4514]	67	! 4495 2020-04-13 20:11:20Z raasch
[4495]	68	! restart data handling with MPI-IO added
[4448]	69	!
[4495]	70	! 4457 2020-03-11 14:20:43Z raasch
	71	!
[4457]	72	! use statement for exchange horiz added
[4448]	73	! (salim) removed the error message PA0672 to consider PC 3d data via ascii file
	74	!
[4803]	75	! 4392 2020-01-31 16:14:57Z pavelkrc (resler)
	76	! Make pcm_heatrate_av, pcm_latentrate_av public to allow calculation of averaged Bowen ratio in the
	77	! user procedure
[4392]	78	!
	79	! 4381 2020-01-20 13:51:46Z suehring
[4381]	80	! Give error message 313 only once
[4803]	81	!
[4381]	82	! 4363 2020-01-07 18:11:28Z suehring
[4363]	83	! Fix for last commit
[4803]	84	!
[4363]	85	! 4362 2020-01-07 17:15:02Z suehring
[4803]	86	! Input of plant canopy variables from static driver moved to plant-canopy model
	87	!
[4362]	88	! 4361 2020-01-07 12:22:38Z suehring
[4361]	89	! - Remove unused arrays in pmc_rrd_local
	90	! - Remove one exchange of ghost points
[4803]	91	!
[4361]	92	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
[4360]	93	! - Bugfix, read restart data for time-averaged pcm output quantities
	94	! - Output of plant-canopy quantities will fill values
[4803]	95	!
[4360]	96	! 4356 2019-12-20 17:09:33Z suehring
[4803]	97	! Correct single message call, local check must be given by the respective mpi rank.
	98	!
[4356]	99	! 4346 2019-12-18 11:55:56Z motisi
[4803]	100	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static topography
	101	! information used in wall_flags_static_0
	102	!
[4346]	103	! 4342 2019-12-16 13:49:14Z Giersch
[4803]	104	! Use statements moved to module level, ocean dependency removed, redundant variables removed
	105	!
[4342]	106	! 4341 2019-12-16 10:43:49Z motisi
[4803]	107	! - Unification of variable names: pc_-variables now pcm_-variables (pc_latent_rate,
	108	! pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate)
[4341]	109	! - Removal of pcm_bowenratio output
	110	! - Renamed canopy-mode 'block' to 'homogeneous'
	111	! - Renamed value 'read_from_file_3d' to 'read_from_file'
	112	! - Removal of confusing comment lines
	113	! - Replacement of k_wall by topo_top_ind
	114	! - Removal of Else-Statement in tendency-calculation
[4803]	115	!
[4341]	116	! 4335 2019-12-12 16:39:05Z suehring
[4335]	117	! Fix for LAD at building edges also implemented in vector branch.
[4803]	118	!
[4335]	119	! 4331 2019-12-10 18:25:02Z suehring
[4331]	120	! Typo corrected
[4803]	121	!
[4331]	122	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
[4329]	123	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
[4803]	124	!
[4329]	125	! 4314 2019-11-29 10:29:20Z suehring
[4803]	126	! - Bugfix, plant canopy was still considered at building edges on for the u- and v-component.
	127	! - Relax restriction of LAD on building tops. LAD is only omitted at locations where building grid
	128	! points emerged artificially by the topography filtering.
	129	!
[4314]	130	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
[4309]	131	! Typo
[4803]	132	!
[4309]	133	! 4302 2019-11-22 13:15:56Z suehring
[4302]	134	! Omit tall canopy mapped on top of buildings
[4803]	135	!
[4302]	136	! 4279 2019-10-29 08:48:17Z scharf
[4279]	137	! unused variables removed
[4803]	138	!
[4279]	139	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z scharf
[4278]	140	! changed check for static driver and fixed bugs in initialization and header
[4803]	141	!
[4278]	142	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z suehring
[4258]	143	! Check if any LAD is prescribed when plant-canopy model is applied.
[4803]	144	!
[4258]	145	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
[4226]	146	! Bugfix, missing initialization of heating rate
[4803]	147	!
[4226]	148	! 4221 2019-09-09 08:50:35Z suehring
[4220]	149	! Further bugfix in 3d data output for plant canopy
[4803]	150	!
[4220]	151	! 4216 2019-09-04 09:09:03Z suehring
[4216]	152	! Bugfixes in 3d data output
[4803]	153	!
[4216]	154	! 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring
[4205]	155	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
[4803]	156	!
[4205]	157	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
[4188]	158	! Minor adjustment in error number
[4803]	159	!
[4188]	160	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
[4187]	161	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
[4803]	162	!
[4187]	163	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	164	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[4803]	165	!
[4182]	166	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
[4168]	167	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
[4803]	168	!
[4168]	169	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
[4803]	170	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local terrain rather than
	171	! located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This way, the vertical dimension of the output
	172	! can be significantly reduced.
	173	! (merge from branch resler)
	174	!
[4127]	175	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[4803]	176	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction of additional debug
	177	! messages
	178	!
[3885]	179	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
[3761]	180	! unsed variables removed
[4803]	181	!
[3761]	182	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
[4803]	183	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature becomes > 40 degrees
	184	!
[3745]	185	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
[3685]	186	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
[4803]	187	!
[3685]	188	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3614]	189	! unused variables removed
[3498]	190	!
[4182]	191	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	192	! Initial revision
	193	!
[138]	194	! Description:
	195	! ------------
[4803]	196	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density profile
	197	!> (subroutine pcm_init).
	198	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration due to canopy
	199	!> elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[3744]	200	!
	201	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
[4216]	202	! @todo - unify variable names (pcm_, pc_, ...)
[4514]	203	! @todo - get rid-off dependency on radiation model
[4803]	204	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	205	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
[4360]	206
[4803]	207	USE arrays_3d, &
[3449]	208	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	209
[4803]	210	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
[3449]	211	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
[4360]	212
[4803]	213	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
[4342]	214	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
[3449]	215
[4803]	216	USE control_parameters, &
	217	ONLY: average_count_3d, &
	218	coupling_char, &
	219	debug_output, &
	220	dt_3d, &
	221	dz, &
	222	humidity, &
	223	land_surface, &
	224	length, &
	225	message_string, &
	226	ocean_mode, &
	227	passive_scalar, &
	228	plant_canopy, &
	229	restart_data_format_output, &
	230	restart_string, &
[4360]	231	urban_surface
	232
[4803]	233	USE grid_variables, &
[4342]	234	ONLY: dx, dy
[3449]	235
[4803]	236	USE indices, &
	237	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, nz, nzb, nzt, &
	238	topo_top_ind, wall_flags_total_0
[1484]	239
	240	USE kinds
[4360]	241
[4803]	242	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	243	ONLY: char_fill, &
	244	check_existence, &
	245	close_input_file, &
	246	get_attribute, &
	247	get_dimension_length, &
	248	get_variable, &
	249	input_file_static, &
	250	input_pids_static, &
	251	inquire_num_variables, &
	252	inquire_variable_names, &
	253	num_var_pids, &
	254	open_read_file, &
	255	pids_id, &
	256	real_3d, &
[4362]	257	vars_pids
[1484]	258
[3449]	259	USE pegrid
[4360]	260
[4495]	261	USE restart_data_mpi_io_mod, &
[4517]	262	ONLY: rd_mpi_io_check_array, &
	263	rrd_mpi_io, &
[4514]	264	wrd_mpi_io
[4495]	265
[4803]	266	USE surface_mod, &
[4342]	267	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[3449]	268
[1484]	269
	270	IMPLICIT NONE
	271
[4803]	272	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' !< canopy coverage
	273	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
[1484]	274
[3449]	275	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	276
[3449]	277	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
[2696]	278
[4803]	279	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
	280	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
	281	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
	282	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
[1484]	283
[4803]	284	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	285	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	286	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	287	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	288	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	289	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	290	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	291	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	292	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
[2696]	293	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	294	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[4803]	295	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	296	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	297	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[1484]	298
[1682]	299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[4770]	301
	302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bad_s !< basal-area density on scalar-grid
[4127]	303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
[4341]	305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
[4803]	306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
[4341]	307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
[4127]	308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
[4803]	309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
[4127]	310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
	311
[4362]	312	TYPE(real_3d) :: basal_area_density_f !< input variable for basal area density - resolved vegetation
	313	TYPE(real_3d) :: leaf_area_density_f !< input variable for leaf area density - resolved vegetation
	314	TYPE(real_3d) :: root_area_density_lad_f !< input variable for root area density - resolved vegetation
	315
[1484]	316	SAVE
	317
[138]	318	PRIVATE
[4803]	319
[1826]	320	!
	321	!-- Public functions
[4803]	322	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, &
	323	pcm_check_data_output, &
	324	pcm_check_parameters, &
	325	pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
	326	pcm_data_output_3d, &
	327	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
	328	pcm_header, &
	329	pcm_init, &
	330	pcm_parin, &
	331	pcm_rrd_global, &
	332	pcm_rrd_local, &
	333	pcm_tendency, &
	334	pcm_wrd_global, &
[4360]	335	pcm_wrd_local
[138]	336
[1826]	337	!
	338	!-- Public variables and constants
[4803]	339	PUBLIC canopy_drag_coeff, pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate, pcm_latent_rate, &
	340	canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, pch_index, plant_canopy_transpiration, &
[4392]	341	pcm_heatrate_av, pcm_latentrate_av
[1484]	342
[3449]	343	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	344	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	345	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	346
[2209]	347	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	348	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	349	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
[4803]	350
[1826]	351	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	352	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	353	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	354
[4127]	355	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	356	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	357	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	358
[2209]	359	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	360	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	361	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	362
	363	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	364	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	365	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[4803]	366
[1826]	367	INTERFACE pcm_header
	368	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
[4803]	369	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	370
[1826]	371	INTERFACE pcm_init
	372	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	373	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	374
[1826]	375	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	376	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	377	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	378
	379	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	380	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	381	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[4360]	382
	383	INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
[4517]	384	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_rrd_local_ftn
	385	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_rrd_local_mpi
[4360]	386	END INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
	387
[4514]	388	INTERFACE pcm_rrd_global
	389	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_rrd_global_ftn
	390	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_rrd_global_mpi
	391	END INTERFACE pcm_rrd_global
	392
[1826]	393	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	394	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	395	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	396	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	397
[4360]	398	INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
	399	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_wrd_local
	400	END INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
[1484]	401
[4514]	402	INTERFACE pcm_wrd_global
	403	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_wrd_global
	404	END INTERFACE pcm_wrd_global
[4360]	405
[4514]	406
[138]	407	CONTAINS
[4803]	408
	409
	410	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	411	! Description:
	412	! ------------
[4803]	413	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart with
	414	!> parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol. 97) and Ngao,
	415	!> Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were
	416	!> adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for
	417	!> broader intervals of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree
	418	!> Physiology 20).
[3449]	419	!>
[4803]	420	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction after the calculation of
	421	!> radiation in plant canopy boxes.
[3449]	422	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
	423	!>
[4803]	424	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3449]	425	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
	426
[4342]	427	!
[4803]	428	!-- Input parameters
[4205]	429	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
[4803]	430	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
[4205]	431	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
[4803]	432	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
[4205]	433	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
[3449]	434
[4803]	435	!-- Variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
	436	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
	437	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
	438	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	439	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	440	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	441	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
	442	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
[3449]	443
[4803]	444	REAL(wp) :: d_fact
	445	REAL(wp) :: e_eq
	446	REAL(wp) :: e_imp
	447	REAL(wp) :: evapor_rate
	448	REAL(wp) :: f1
	449	REAL(wp) :: f2
	450	REAL(wp) :: f3
	451	REAL(wp) :: f4
	452	REAL(wp) :: g_b
	453	REAL(wp) :: g_s
	454	REAL(wp) :: rad
	455	REAL(wp) :: rswc
	456	REAL(wp) :: sat_press
	457	REAL(wp) :: sat_press_d
	458	REAL(wp) :: temp
	459	REAL(wp) :: v_lad
	460	REAL(wp) :: vpd
	461	REAL(wp) :: wind_speed
[3449]	462
[4803]	463	!
[3449]	464	!-- Temperature (deg C)
	465	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
[4803]	466	!
[3449]	467	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
[4205]	468	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
[4803]	469	!
[3449]	470	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
	471	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
[4803]	472	sat_press = 610.8_wp * EXP( 17.27_wp * temp / ( temp + 237.3_wp ) )
	473	!
[3449]	474	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
[4803]	475	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / ( temp + 237.3_wp )**2
	476	!
[3449]	477	!-- Wind speed
[4803]	478	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
	479	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
[4205]	480	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
[4803]	481	!
[3449]	482	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
	483	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
[4803]	484	!
[3449]	485	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
	486	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
[4803]	487	!
[3449]	488	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
	489	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
[4803]	490	f1 = rad * ( 1000.0_wp + 42.1_wp ) / 1000.0_wp / ( rad + 42.1_wp )
	491	!
[3449]	492	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
	493	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
[4803]	494	f2 = MAX( t2_min, ( temp - t2_min ) * MAX( 0.0_wp, t2_max - temp )**( ( t2_max - 16.9_wp ) / &
	495	( 16.9_wp - t2_min ) ) &
	496	/ ( ( 16.9_wp - t2_min ) * ( t2_max - 16.9_wp )**( ( t2_max - 16.9_wp ) / &
	497	( 16.9_wp - t2_min ) ) ) )
	498	!
[3449]	499	!-- Water pressure deficit
	500	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
[4803]	501	vpd = MAX( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
	502	!
[3449]	503	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
	504	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
[4803]	505	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees than
	506	!-- the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
	507	vpd = MIN( MAX( vpd, 770.0_wp ), 3820.0_wp )
[4205]	508	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
[4803]	509	!
[3449]	510	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
	511	!-- Residual soil water content
	512	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
	513	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
	514	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
[4803]	515	!
	516	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of
	517	!-- Stewart(1988))
	518	f4 = MAX( 0.0_wp, MIN( 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP( 3.2_wp * rswc ), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp ) )
	519	!
[3449]	520	!-- Stomatal conductivity
	521	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
	522	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
[4205]	523	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
[4803]	524	!
[3449]	525	!-- Decoupling factor
	526	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
[4803]	527	d_fact = ( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
	528	( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
	529	!
[3449]	530	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
	531	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
[4803]	532	e_eq = ( pcbsw + pcblw ) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
	533	gama_psychr / ( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
	534	!
[3449]	535	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
	536	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
	537	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
[4803]	538	!
[3449]	539	!-- Evaporation rate
	540	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
	541	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
[4803]	542	evapor_rate = MAX( d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp )
	543	!
[3449]	544	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
	545	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
	546	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
[4803]	547	!
[3449]	548	!-- latent heat from evaporation
	549	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
	550
	551	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	552
	553
[4803]	554	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3449]	555	! Description:
	556	! ------------
[2209]	557	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
[4803]	558	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	559	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[4279]	560
[4803]	561	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
[2209]	562	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	563
	564
	565	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	566
	567	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[4514]	568	!
[4803]	569	!-- Output of heatrate can be only done if it is explicitely set by cthf, or parametrized by
	570	!-- absorption of radiation. The latter, however, is only available if radiation_interactions
	571	!-- are on. Note, these are enabled if land-surface or urban-surface is switched-on. Using
	572	!-- radiation_interactions_on directly is not possible since it belongs to the
	573	!-- radition_model, which in turn depends on the plant-canopy model, creating circular
	574	!-- dependencies.
	575	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. ( .NOT. urban_surface .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) ) THEN
	576	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
[2768]	577	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
[4515]	578	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA0718', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2768]	579	ENDIF
[2209]	580	unit = 'K s-1'
[4803]	581
[3014]	582	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	583	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	584
[3449]	585	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	586	unit = 'K s-1'
	587
[4770]	588	CASE ( 'pcm_bad', 'pcm_lad' )
[2209]	589	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	590
	591
	592	CASE DEFAULT
	593	unit = 'illegal'
	594
	595	END SELECT
	596
	597
	598	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
[4803]	599
	600
	601	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	602	! Description:
	603	! ------------
	604	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
[4803]	605	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	606	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[4803]	607
[4342]	608	IF ( ocean_mode ) THEN
[4803]	609	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. is not allowed in the ocean'
[4342]	610	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0696', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	611	ENDIF
[4803]	612
[1826]	613	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[4803]	614	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag ' // &
[3046]	615	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	616	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	617	ENDIF
[4279]	618
[4803]	619	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	620	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	621	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	622	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
[1826]	623	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	624	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	625	ENDIF
[4279]	626
[1826]	627	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[4803]	628	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	629	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	630	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
[1826]	631	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	632	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	633	ENDIF
	634
	635	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[4803]	636	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	637	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
	638	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	639	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	640	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
[1826]	641	'density profile'
[2768]	642	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[4803]	643	ENDIF
[1826]	644
[3274]	645	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
[4803]	646	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /= seifert_beheng'
[2768]	647	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	648	ENDIF
	649
[4803]	650	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[1826]	651
[4803]	652
	653	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	654	!
[1484]	655	! Description:
	656	! ------------
[4127]	657	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
[4803]	658	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4216]	659	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
[4127]	660
	661	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
[4803]	662	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
[4127]	663
	664	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	665	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	666	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	667
	668
	669	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
	670
	671	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	672
	673	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	674	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	675	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	676	ENDIF
	677	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	678
	679
	680	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	681	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	682	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	683	ENDIF
	684	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	685
	686
	687	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	688	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	689	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	690	ENDIF
	691	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	692
	693	CASE DEFAULT
	694	CONTINUE
	695
	696	END SELECT
	697
[4803]	698	ELSE IF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
[4127]	699
	700	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	701
	702	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[4803]	703	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
[4127]	704	DO i = nxl, nxr
	705	DO j = nys, nyn
	706	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	707	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4803]	708	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + &
	709	pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
[4127]	710	ENDDO
	711	ENDIF
	712	ENDDO
	713	ENDDO
	714	ENDIF
	715
	716
	717	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
[4803]	718	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
[4127]	719	DO i = nxl, nxr
	720	DO j = nys, nyn
	721	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	722	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4803]	723	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + &
	724	pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4127]	725	ENDDO
	726	ENDIF
	727	ENDDO
	728	ENDDO
	729	ENDIF
	730
	731
	732	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
[4803]	733	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
[4127]	734	DO i = nxl, nxr
	735	DO j = nys, nyn
	736	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	737	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4803]	738	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + &
	739	pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
[4127]	740	ENDDO
	741	ENDIF
	742	ENDDO
	743	ENDDO
	744	ENDIF
	745
	746	CASE DEFAULT
	747	CONTINUE
	748
	749	END SELECT
	750
[4803]	751	ELSE IF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
[4127]	752
	753	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	754
	755	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[4803]	756	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
[4127]	757	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	758	DO j = nysg, nyng
	759	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	760	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4803]	761	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
[4127]	762	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	763	ENDDO
	764	ENDIF
	765	ENDDO
	766	ENDDO
	767	ENDIF
	768
	769
	770	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
[4803]	771	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
[4127]	772	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	773	DO j = nysg, nyng
	774	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	775	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4803]	776	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
[4127]	777	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	778	ENDDO
	779	ENDIF
	780	ENDDO
	781	ENDDO
	782	ENDIF
	783
	784
	785	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
[4803]	786	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
[4127]	787	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	788	DO j = nysg, nyng
	789	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	790	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4803]	791	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
[4127]	792	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	793	ENDDO
	794	ENDIF
	795	ENDDO
	796	ENDDO
	797	ENDIF
	798
	799	END SELECT
	800
	801	ENDIF
	802
[4216]	803	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
[4127]	804
[4803]	805	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4127]	806	!
	807	! Description:
	808	! ------------
[4803]	809	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
	810	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning that 3D output is
	811	!> relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual grid point where the plant canopy is
	812	!> located.
	813	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	814	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, nzb_do, nzt_do )
[2209]	815
[4216]	816	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< treated variable
[2209]	817
[4216]	818	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< flag indicating instantaneous or averaged data output
	819	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x-direction
	820	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y-direction
	821	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z-direction
[3014]	822	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	823	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	824
[4216]	825	LOGICAL :: found !< flag indicating if variable is found
[2209]	826
[4216]	827	REAL(wp) :: fill_value !< fill value
[4803]	828
[4768]	829	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !< data output array
[2209]	830
	831
	832	found = .TRUE.
	833
[2696]	834	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	835
	836	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
[4216]	837	!
	838	!-- Note, to save memory arrays for heating are allocated from 0:pch_index.
[4803]	839	!-- Thus, output must be relative to these array indices. Further, check whether the output is
	840	!-- within the vertical output range, i.e. nzb_do:nzt_do, which is necessary as local_pf is only
	841	!-- allocated for this index space. Note, plant-canopy output has a separate vertical output
	842	!-- coordinate zlad, so that output is mapped down to the surface.
[4127]	843	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	844	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	845	DO i = nxl, nxr
	846	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	847	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4341]	848	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	849	ENDDO
[4127]	850	ENDDO
	851	ENDDO
	852	ELSE
	853	DO i = nxl, nxr
	854	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	855	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	856	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	857	ENDDO
	858	ENDDO
	859	ENDDO
	860	ENDIF
[3449]	861
	862	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
[4127]	863	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	864	DO i = nxl, nxr
	865	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	866	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4341]	867	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	868	ENDDO
[4127]	869	ENDDO
	870	ENDDO
	871	ELSE
	872	DO i = nxl, nxr
	873	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	874	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	875	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	876	ENDDO
	877	ENDDO
	878	ENDDO
	879	ENDIF
[3449]	880
[4127]	881	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	882	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	883	DO i = nxl, nxr
	884	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	885	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4341]	886	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	887	ENDDO
[4127]	888	ENDDO
	889	ENDDO
	890	ELSE
	891	DO i = nxl, nxr
	892	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	893	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	894	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	895	ENDDO
	896	ENDDO
	897	ENDDO
	898	ENDIF
	899
	900	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	901	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	902	DO i = nxl, nxr
	903	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	904	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	905	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
[4216]	906	ENDDO
[4127]	907	ENDDO
	908	ENDDO
	909	ENDIF
	910
[4770]	911	CASE ( 'pcm_bad' )
	912	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	913	DO i = nxl, nxr
	914	DO j = nys, nyn
	915	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
	916	local_pf(i,j,k) = bad_s(k,j,i)
	917	ENDDO
	918	ENDDO
	919	ENDDO
	920	ENDIF
	921
[2209]	922	CASE DEFAULT
	923	found = .FALSE.
	924
	925	END SELECT
	926
[4803]	927	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	928
	929	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	930	!
	931	! Description:
	932	! ------------
	933	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	934	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
[4803]	935	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	936	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	937
[4803]	938	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	939	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	940	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	941	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
[2209]	942
[4803]	943	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	944
	945
[2209]	946	found = .TRUE.
	947
	948	!
[4342]	949	!-- Check for the grid. zpc is zu(nzb:nzb+pch_index)
[2209]	950	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	951
[4803]	952	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_bad', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate' )
[2209]	953	grid_x = 'x'
	954	grid_y = 'y'
[4127]	955	grid_z = 'zpc'
[2209]	956
	957	CASE DEFAULT
	958	found = .FALSE.
	959	grid_x = 'none'
	960	grid_y = 'none'
	961	grid_z = 'none'
	962	END SELECT
	963
	964	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[4803]	965
	966
	967	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	968	! Description:
	969	! ------------
[1826]	970	!> Header output for plant canopy model
[4803]	971	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4362]	972	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
[4803]	973
[4362]	974	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	975	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	976	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	977	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	978	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
[4803]	979
	980	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	981	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	982	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	983
[4362]	984	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
[4803]	985
	986
[4362]	987	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1826]	988
[4803]	989	WRITE( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, canopy_drag_coeff
	990	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	991	WRITE( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, leaf_surface_conc
[4362]	992	ENDIF
[1826]	993
	994	!
[4803]	995	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	996	WRITE( io, 3 ) cthf
[1826]	997
	998	!
[4803]	999	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical gradients or from beta
	1000	!-- probability density function.
	1001	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
[1826]	1002
[4362]	1003	! Building output strings, starting with surface value
[4803]	1004	WRITE( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
[4362]	1005	gradients = '------'
	1006	slices = ' 0'
	1007	coordinates = ' 0.0'
[4803]	1008	DO i = 1, UBOUND( lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind, DIM=1 )
	1009	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) /= -9999 ) THEN
[1826]	1010
[4803]	1011	WRITE( coor_chr, '(F7.2)' ) lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
[4362]	1012	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	1013
[4803]	1014	WRITE( coor_chr, '(F7.2)' ) lad_vertical_gradient(i)
[4362]	1015	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	1016
[4803]	1017	WRITE( coor_chr, '(I7)' ) lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
[4362]	1018	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	1019
[4803]	1020	WRITE( coor_chr, '(F7.1)' ) lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
[4362]	1021	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	1022	ELSE
	1023	EXIT
	1024	ENDIF
	1025	ENDDO
[1826]	1026
[4803]	1027	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), TRIM( gradients ), &
	1028	TRIM( slices )
[1826]	1029
[4362]	1030	ELSE
[4803]	1031
	1032	WRITE( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
[4362]	1033	coordinates = ' 0.0'
[4803]	1034
[4362]	1035	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1826]	1036
[4803]	1037	WRITE( coor_chr,'(F7.2)' ) lad(k)
	1038	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	1039
[4803]	1040	WRITE(coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	1041	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	1042
[4803]	1043	ENDDO
	1044
	1045	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	1046
	1047	ENDIF
	1048
	1049	1 FORMAT (/ /' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:' / ' ------------------------------' // &
	1050	' Canopy mode: ', A / ' Canopy height: ', F6.2, 'm (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	1051	' Leaf drag coefficient: ', F6.2 /)
	1052	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	1053	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ', F6.2 /)
	1054	3 FORMAT ( ' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ', F6.2, ' K m/s')
	1055	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:' // &
	1056	' Height: ', A, ' m' / &
	1057	' Leaf area density: ', A, ' m2/m3' / &
	1058	' Gradient: ', A, ' m2/m4' / &
	1059	' Gridpoint: ', A )
	1060	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:' // &
	1061	' Height: ', A, ' m' / &
	1062	' Leaf area density: ', A, ' m2/m3' / &
	1063	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	1064	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	1065	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	1066
[1826]	1067	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
[4803]	1068
	1069
	1070	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1071	! Description:
	1072	! ------------
[1682]	1073	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[4803]	1074	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1075	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	1076
[4803]	1077	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
[4457]	1078	ONLY: exchange_horiz
	1079
[2007]	1080	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1081	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1082	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1083	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	1084
[4803]	1085	LOGICAL :: lad_on_top = .FALSE. !< dummy flag to indicate that LAD is defined on a building roof
	1086	LOGICAL :: bad_on_top = .FALSE. !< dummy flag to indicate that BAD is defined on a building roof
[4381]	1087
[4258]	1088	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[2007]	1089	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
[4803]	1090	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
[4258]	1091	REAL(wp) :: lad_max !< maximum LAD value in the model domain, used to perform a check
[3241]	1092
[4803]	1093
[3885]	1094	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
[1484]	1095	!
[4803]	1096	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the leaf area density (lad) profile
[1484]	1097	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	1098	lad = 0.0_wp
	1099	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	1100
	1101	!
[4803]	1102	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using a beta probability
	1103	!-- density function
[1826]	1104	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1105	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	1106	ENDIF
[4803]	1107
	1108
[1826]	1109	!
[4803]	1110	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant canopy model. The profile can
	1111	!-- either be constructed from prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by using
	1112	!-- a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al., 2003: Boundary-Layer
	1113	!-- Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	1114	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
[1484]	1115
	1116	!
[4803]	1117	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
[1484]	1118	i = 1
	1119	gradient = 0.0_wp
	1120
[4342]	1121	lad(0) = lad_surface
	1122	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
[1484]	1123
[4803]	1124	DO k = 1, pch_index
[4342]	1125	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
[4803]	1126	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
[4342]	1127	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1128	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	1129	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	1130	i = i + 1
[1484]	1131	ENDIF
[4342]	1132	ENDIF
	1133	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1134	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	1135	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
[1484]	1136	ELSE
[4342]	1137	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
[1484]	1138	ENDIF
[4342]	1139	ELSE
	1140	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	1141	ENDIF
	1142	ENDDO
[1484]	1143
	1144	!
[4803]	1145	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing gradient. This
	1146	!-- information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL file.
[1484]	1147	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1148	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	1149	ENDIF
	1150
	1151	ELSE
	1152
[4803]	1153	!
[1484]	1154	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	1155	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
[3065]	1156	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1484]	1157
[4803]	1158	DO k = 0, pch_index
	1159	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
	1160	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1161	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1162	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	1163	ENDDO
	1164
	1165	!
	1166	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[4803]	1167	DO k = 0, pch_index
	1168	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	1169	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1170	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1171	/ int_bpdf &
	1172	) / canopy_height
[1484]	1173	ENDDO
	1174
	1175	!
[4803]	1176	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic quantities are
	1177	!-- defined there, hence, less interpolation is required when calculating the canopy
	1178	!-- tendencies)
[1484]	1179	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[4803]	1180	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	1181	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
[4302]	1182	ENDDO
[1484]	1183
	1184	ENDIF
	1185
	1186	!
[4803]	1187	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf-area density (lad_s) as well as for basal-area densitiy
	1188	!-- (bad_s). Note, by default bad_s is zero.
[1484]	1189	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[4770]	1190	ALLOCATE( bad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1191	bad_s = 0.0_wp
[1484]	1192	!
	1193	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
[4803]	1194	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' initializes a canopy, which fully covers
	1195	!-- the domain surface
[1484]	1196	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	1197
[4803]	1198	CASE ( 'homogeneous' )
[1484]	1199
	1200	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1201	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1202	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	1203	ENDDO
	1204	ENDDO
	1205
[4341]	1206	CASE ( 'read_from_file' )
[2007]	1207	!
[4362]	1208	!-- Read plant canopy
	1209	IF ( input_pids_static ) THEN
	1210	!
	1211	!-- Open the static input file
	1212	#if defined( __netcdf )
[4803]	1213	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	1214	TRIM( coupling_char ), &
[4362]	1215	pids_id )
	1216
	1217	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
	1218	!
	1219	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them
	1220	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
	1221	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
	1222	!
	1223	!-- Read leaf area density - resolved vegetation
	1224	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'lad' ) ) THEN
	1225	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
[4803]	1226	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
	1227	leaf_area_density_f%fill, &
[4362]	1228	.FALSE., 'lad' )
	1229	!
	1230	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
[4803]	1231	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
	1232	leaf_area_density_f%nz, &
[4362]	1233	'zlad' )
	1234	!
	1235	!-- Allocate variable for leaf-area density
[4803]	1236	ALLOCATE( leaf_area_density_f%var &
	1237	(0:leaf_area_density_f%nz-1,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[4362]	1238
[4803]	1239	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'lad', leaf_area_density_f%var, nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
[4362]	1240	0, leaf_area_density_f%nz-1 )
	1241
	1242	ELSE
	1243	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
	1244	ENDIF
	1245	!
	1246	!-- Read basal area density - resolved vegetation
	1247	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'bad' ) ) THEN
	1248	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
[4803]	1249	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
	1250	basal_area_density_f%fill, &
[4362]	1251	.FALSE., 'bad' )
	1252	!
	1253	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
[4803]	1254	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
	1255	basal_area_density_f%nz, &
[4362]	1256	'zlad' )
	1257	!
	1258	!-- Allocate variable
[4803]	1259	ALLOCATE( basal_area_density_f%var &
	1260	(0:basal_area_density_f%nz-1,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[4362]	1261
[4803]	1262	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'bad', basal_area_density_f%var, nxl, nxr, nys, nyn,&
	1263	0, basal_area_density_f%nz-1 )
[4362]	1264	ELSE
	1265	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
	1266	ENDIF
	1267	!
	1268	!-- Read root area density - resolved vegetation
	1269	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'root_area_dens_r' ) ) THEN
	1270	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .TRUE.
[4803]	1271	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
	1272	root_area_density_lad_f%fill, &
[4362]	1273	.FALSE., 'root_area_dens_r' )
	1274	!
	1275	!-- Inquire number of vertical soil layers
[4803]	1276	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
	1277	root_area_density_lad_f%nz, &
[4362]	1278	'zsoil' )
	1279	!
	1280	!-- Allocate variable
[4803]	1281	ALLOCATE( root_area_density_lad_f%var &
	1282	(0:root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[4362]	1283
[4803]	1284	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'root_area_dens_r', root_area_density_lad_f%var, &
	1285	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, 0, root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1 )
[4362]	1286	ELSE
	1287	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .FALSE.
	1288	ENDIF
	1289
	1290	DEALLOCATE( vars_pids )
	1291	!
[4363]	1292	!-- Finally, close the input file and deallocate temporary array
	1293	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
[4362]	1294	#endif
[4363]	1295	ENDIF
	1296
[4362]	1297	!
[4803]	1298	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file, use these values,
	1299	!-- else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	1300	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum canopy top, indicated
	1301	!-- by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
[2696]	1302	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1303	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	1304	!
[4803]	1305	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical loops. Therefore, use
	1306	!-- the global top of the canopy layer.
[2696]	1307	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	1308
	1309	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1310	DO j = nys, nyn
	1311	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
[4803]	1312	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
	1313	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
[2696]	1314	ENDDO
[4302]	1315	!
	1316	!-- Check if resolved vegetation is mapped onto buildings.
[4803]	1317	!-- In general, this is allowed and also meaningful, e.g. when trees carry across
	1318	!-- roofs. However, due to the topography filtering, new building grid points can
	1319	!-- emerge at locations where also plant canopy is defined. As a result, plant
	1320	!-- canopy is mapped on top of roofs, with siginficant impact on the downstream
	1321	!-- flow field and the nearby surface radiation. In order to avoid that plant
	1322	!-- canopy is mistakenly mapped onto building roofs, check for building grid
	1323	!-- points (bit 6) that emerge from the filtering (bit 4) and set LAD to zero at
	1324	!-- these artificially created building grid points. This case, an informative
	1325	!-- message is given.
	1326	IF ( ANY( lad_s(:,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) .AND. &
	1327	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
[4346]	1328	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 4 ) ) ) THEN
[4302]	1329	lad_s(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
[4381]	1330	lad_on_top = .TRUE.
	1331	ENDIF
	1332	ENDDO
	1333	ENDDO
	1334	#if defined( __parallel )
[4803]	1335	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_on_top, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr)
[4381]	1336	#endif
	1337	IF ( lad_on_top ) THEN
[4770]	1338	WRITE( message_string, * ) &
	1339	'Resolved plant-canopy is defined on top of an ' // &
	1340	'artificially created building grid point(s) '// &
	1341	'the filtering) - LAD/BAD profile is omitted at this / ' //&
[4381]	1342	'these grid point(s).'
	1343	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0313', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
	1344	ENDIF
[2696]	1345	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	1346	!
	1347	! ASCII file
[4803]	1348	!-- Initialize canopy parameters canopy_drag_coeff, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff,
	1349	!-- leaf_surface_conc from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles
	1350	!-- for each location).
[2696]	1351	ELSE
	1352	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1353	ENDIF
[4770]	1354	!
[4803]	1355	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file, use these values,
	1356	!-- else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	1357	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum canopy top, indicated
	1358	!-- by basal_area_density_f%nz.
[4770]	1359	bad_s = 0.0_wp
	1360	IF ( basal_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	1361	!
[4803]	1362	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical loops. Therefore, use
	1363	!-- the global top of the canopy layer.
[4770]	1364	pch_index = basal_area_density_f%nz - 1
[2007]	1365
[4770]	1366	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1367	DO j = nys, nyn
	1368	DO k = 0, basal_area_density_f%nz - 1
	1369	IF ( basal_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= basal_area_density_f%fill ) &
	1370	bad_s(k,j,i) = basal_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	1371	ENDDO
	1372	!
	1373	!-- Check if resolved vegetation is mapped onto buildings.
	1374	!-- Please see comment for leaf_area density
[4803]	1375	IF ( ANY( bad_s(:,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) .AND. &
	1376	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
[4770]	1377	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 4 ) ) ) THEN
	1378	bad_s(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
	1379	bad_on_top = .TRUE.
	1380	ENDIF
	1381	ENDDO
	1382	ENDDO
	1383	#if defined( __parallel )
[4803]	1384	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, bad_on_top, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr)
[4770]	1385	#endif
	1386	IF ( bad_on_top ) THEN
	1387	WRITE( message_string, * ) &
	1388	'Resolved plant-canopy is defined on top of an ' // &
	1389	'artificially created building grid point(s) '// &
	1390	'the filtering) - LAD/BAD profile is omitted at this / ' //&
	1391	'these grid point(s).'
	1392	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0313', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
	1393	ENDIF
	1394	CALL exchange_horiz( bad_s, nbgp )
	1395	ENDIF
	1396
[1484]	1397	CASE DEFAULT
	1398	!
[4803]	1399	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter canopy mode contains a wrong
	1400	!-- character string or if the user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	1401	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks which of these two conditions
	1402	!-- applies.
[2007]	1403	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[4803]	1404
[1484]	1405	END SELECT
[2696]	1406	!
[4803]	1407	!-- Check that at least one grid point has an LAD /= 0, else this may cause errors in the
	1408	!-- radiation model.
[4258]	1409	lad_max = MAXVAL( lad_s )
	1410	#if defined( __parallel )
[4803]	1411	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_max, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
[4258]	1412	#endif
	1413	IF ( lad_max <= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[4803]	1414	message_string = 'Plant-canopy model is switched-on but no ' // &
[4258]	1415	'plant canopy is present in the model domain.'
	1416	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0685', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1417	ENDIF
[4803]	1418
[4258]	1419	!
[4803]	1420	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
[2696]	1421	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1422	pch_index_ji = 0
[4803]	1423
[4361]	1424	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1425	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1426	DO k = 0, pch_index
[4770]	1427	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp .OR. bad_s(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
[2696]	1428	ENDDO
[1484]	1429	!
[4803]	1430	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed height of the model domain.
[4356]	1431	IF ( topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
[4803]	1432	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
[2696]	1433	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
[4356]	1434	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, myid, 6, 0 )
[2696]	1435	ENDIF
	1436
	1437	ENDDO
	1438	ENDDO
[3497]	1439	!
[3449]	1440	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
[3497]	1441	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
	1442	!
[3449]	1443	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
	1444	#if defined( __parallel )
[4803]	1445	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
[3449]	1446	#endif
[4360]	1447	!
[4341]	1448	!-- Allocation of arrays pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate and pcm_latent_rate
	1449	ALLOCATE( pcm_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1450	pcm_heating_rate = 0.0_wp
[4803]	1451
[3449]	1452	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[4341]	1453	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1454	pcm_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
	1455	ALLOCATE( pcm_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1456	pcm_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
[3449]	1457	ENDIF
[2696]	1458	!
[4803]	1459	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating of the canopy layers by
	1460	!-- incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	1461	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the available net radiation at
	1462	!-- canopy top.
	1463	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential function of the downward
	1464	!-- cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf), assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is
	1465	!-- heated by solar radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution of net
	1466	!-- radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3, 73â96). This approach has
	1467	!-- been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992; Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
	1468	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pcm_heating_rate) and plant canopy
	1469	!-- transpiration (pcm_transpiration_rate, pcm_latent_rate) are calculated in the RTM after the
	1470	!-- calculation of radiation.
[3449]	1471	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2213]	1472
[3449]	1473	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	1474	!
[4803]	1475	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical integration of the
	1476	!-- leaf area density
[1484]	1477	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1478	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1479	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1480	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	1481	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[4803]	1482	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1483	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	1484	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1485	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1486	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1487	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1488	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
[1484]	1489	ELSE
[4803]	1490	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1491	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	1492	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	1493	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1494	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1495	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1496	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1497	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1498	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
[1484]	1499	ENDIF
	1500	ENDDO
	1501	ENDDO
	1502	ENDDO
	1503
[4278]	1504	!
[4803]	1505	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat flux distribution overrides the
	1506	!-- surface heat flux (shf),
[2232]	1507	!-- Start with default surface type
	1508	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
[4278]	1509	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
	1510	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
[4803]	1511	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1512	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * EXP( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
[2232]	1513	ENDDO
[1484]	1514	!
[2232]	1515	!-- Natural surfaces
[4671]	1516	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h(0)%ns
	1517	i = surf_lsm_h(0)%i(m)
	1518	j = surf_lsm_h(0)%j(m)
[4803]	1519	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1520	surf_lsm_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * EXP( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
[2232]	1521	ENDDO
	1522	!
	1523	!-- Urban surfaces
[4671]	1524	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h(0)%ns
	1525	i = surf_usm_h(0)%i(m)
	1526	j = surf_usm_h(0)%j(m)
[4803]	1527	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1528	surf_usm_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * EXP( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
[2232]	1529	ENDDO
	1530	!
	1531	!
[4803]	1532	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of the plant canopy.
	1533	!-- Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with canopy.
	1534	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating rate (pcm_heating_rate) is
	1535	!-- calculated as the vertical divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom of
	1536	!-- the respective layer.
[1484]	1537	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1538	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1539	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1540	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[4803]	1541	pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	1542	( EXP( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) ) - &
	1543	EXP( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
[2232]	1544	ENDIF
	1545	ENDDO
[1721]	1546	ENDDO
	1547	ENDDO
[1484]	1548
	1549	ENDIF
	1550
[3885]	1551	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
[1484]	1552
[1826]	1553	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	1554
	1555
[4803]	1556	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2007]	1557	! Description:
	1558	! ------------
[2932]	1559	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[4803]	1560	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4842]	1561	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	1562
[4842]	1563	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
[2932]	1564
[4842]	1565	INTEGER(iwp) :: io_status !< status after reading the namelist file
[3246]	1566
[4843]	1567	LOGICAL :: switch_off_module = .FALSE. !< local namelist parameter to switch off the module
	1568	!< although the respective module namelist appears in
	1569	!< the namelist file
[4803]	1570
[4842]	1571	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ alpha_lad, &
	1572	beta_lad, &
	1573	canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1574	canopy_mode, &
	1575	cthf, &
	1576	lad_surface, &
	1577	lad_type_coef, &
	1578	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1579	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1580	lai_beta, &
	1581	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	1582	leaf_surface_conc, &
	1583	pch_index, &
[4843]	1584	plant_canopy_transpiration, &
	1585	switch_off_module
[3246]	1586
[2007]	1587	!
[4842]	1588	!-- Move to the beginning of the namelist file and try to find and read the user-defined namelist
	1589	!-- plant_canopy_parameters.
	1590	REWIND( 11 )
	1591	READ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, IOSTAT=io_status )
[2007]	1592
	1593	!
[4842]	1594	!-- Action depending on the READ status
	1595	IF ( io_status == 0 ) THEN
[2932]	1596	!
[4842]	1597	!-- plant_canopy_parameters namelist was found and read correctly. Set flag that indicates that
	1598	!-- the plant-canopy model is switched on.
[4843]	1599	IF ( .NOT. switch_off_module ) plant_canopy = .TRUE.
[3246]	1600
[4842]	1601	ELSEIF ( io_status > 0 ) THEN
[2932]	1602	!
[4842]	1603	!-- plant_canopy_parameters namelist was found but contained errors. Print an error message
	1604	!-- including the line that caused the problem.
[4803]	1605	BACKSPACE( 11 )
[4842]	1606	READ( 11 , '(A)' ) line
	1607	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
[2932]	1608
[4842]	1609	ENDIF
[2007]	1610
[4842]	1611	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[3246]	1612
[2007]	1613
[4803]	1614	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1615	! Description:
	1616	! ------------
[2007]	1617	!
	1618	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1619	!>
	1620	!> num_levels
[2977]	1621	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1622	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1623	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1624	!> ...
	1625	!>
[4803]	1626	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant canopy data, one
	1627	!> line per column and variable. In each data line, dtype represents variable to be set:
[2007]	1628	!>
	1629	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1630	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1631	!>
[4803]	1632	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any non-specified (x,y)
	1633	!> columns have zero values as default.
	1634	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2007]	1635	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1636
[4803]	1637	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
[4457]	1638	ONLY: exchange_horiz
	1639
[4803]	1640	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
	1641	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1642	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1643	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
	1644	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
	1645	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1646	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1647	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
	1648
[2213]	1649	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1650
[2213]	1651	!
	1652	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1653	lad_s = 0.0_wp
[4803]	1654
[2213]	1655	!
	1656	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[4803]	1657	OPEN( 152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', &
	1658	ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515 )
	1659	READ( 152, *, ERR=516, END=517 ) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[3337]	1660	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
	1661	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
[2977]	1662	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1663
[2213]	1664	DO
[4803]	1665	READ( 152, *, ERR=516, END=517 ) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
[2977]	1666	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
[4803]	1667
	1668	SELECT CASE ( dtype )
[2977]	1669	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1670	!
[4803]	1671	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to a flat domain surface.
	1672	!-- At locations where plant canopy sits on top of any kind of topography, the vertical
	1673	!-- plant column must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
[2977]	1674	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
[4803]	1675	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1676	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
[2977]	1677	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1678	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1679	ENDIF
[4168]	1680	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3337]	1681	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
[2977]	1682	CASE DEFAULT
[4803]	1683	WRITE( message_string, '(a,i2,a)' ) &
[2977]	1684	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1685	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1686	END SELECT
[2213]	1687	ENDDO
[2007]	1688
[2213]	1689	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1690	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1691
[2213]	1692	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1693	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1694
[4803]	1695	517 CLOSE( 152 )
[2977]	1696	DEALLOCATE( col )
[4803]	1697
[2213]	1698	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[4803]	1699
[2007]	1700	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[4360]	1701
[4803]	1702	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2007]	1703	! Description:
	1704	! ------------
[4514]	1705	!> Read module-specific global restart data (Fortran binary format).
[4803]	1706	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4514]	1707	SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_global_ftn( found )
	1708
[4803]	1709	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
[4514]	1710
[4803]	1711
[4514]	1712	found = .TRUE.
	1713
	1714	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
	1715
	1716	CASE ( 'pch_index' )
[4803]	1717	READ( 13 ) pch_index
[4514]	1718
	1719	CASE DEFAULT
	1720
	1721	found = .FALSE.
	1722
	1723	END SELECT
	1724
	1725	END SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_global_ftn
	1726
[4803]	1727	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4514]	1728	! Description:
	1729	! ------------
	1730	!> Read module-specific global restart data (MPI-IO).
[4803]	1731	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4514]	1732	SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_global_mpi
	1733
	1734	CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'pch_index', pch_index )
	1735
	1736	END SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_global_mpi
	1737
[4517]	1738
[4803]	1739	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4514]	1740	! Description:
	1741	! ------------
[4517]	1742	!> Read module-specific local restart data arrays (Fortran binary format).
[4803]	1743	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1744	SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local_ftn( k, nxlf, nxlc, nxl_on_file, nxrf, nxrc, nxr_on_file, nynf, nync, &
	1745	nyn_on_file, nysf, nysc, nys_on_file, found )
[4360]	1746
[4803]	1747	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	1748	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
	1749	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
	1750	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
	1751	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
	1752	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
	1753	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
	1754	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
	1755	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
	1756	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
	1757	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
	1758	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
	1759	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
[4360]	1760
[4803]	1761	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
[4360]	1762
[4803]	1763	REAL(wp), DIMENSION( 0:pch_index, &
	1764	nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp, &
	1765	nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) :: tmp_3d2 !< temporary 3D array for entire vertical
	1766	!< extension of canopy layer
[4360]	1767	found = .TRUE.
	1768
[4803]	1769
[4360]	1770	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
	1771
	1772	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
	1773	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	1774	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1775	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
[4803]	1776	ENDIF
	1777	IF ( k == 1 ) READ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
	1778	pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
[4360]	1779	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
	1780
	1781	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
	1782	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	1783	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1784	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
[4803]	1785	ENDIF
	1786	IF ( k == 1 ) READ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
	1787	pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
[4360]	1788	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
	1789
	1790	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
	1791	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	1792	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1793	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
[4803]	1794	ENDIF
	1795	IF ( k == 1 ) READ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
	1796	pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
[4360]	1797	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
	1798
	1799	CASE DEFAULT
	1800
	1801	found = .FALSE.
	1802
	1803	END SELECT
	1804
[4517]	1805	END SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local_ftn
[4360]	1806
[4517]	1807
[4803]	1808	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4360]	1809	! Description:
	1810	! ------------
[4517]	1811	!> Read module-specific local restart data arrays (MPI-IO).
[4803]	1812	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4517]	1813	SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local_mpi
	1814
	1815	IMPLICIT NONE
	1816
	1817	LOGICAL :: array_found !<
	1818
[4525]	1819	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tmp_3d !< temporary array to store pcm data with
	1820	!< non-standard vertical index bounds
[4517]	1821
[4525]	1822	!
	1823	!-- Plant canopy arrays have non standard reduced vertical index bounds. They are stored with
	1824	!-- full vertical bounds (bzb:nzt+1) in the restart file and must be re-stored after reading.
[4517]	1825	CALL rd_mpi_io_check_array( 'pcm_heatrate_av' , found = array_found )
	1826	IF ( array_found ) THEN
[4525]	1827	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	1828	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(nzb:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1829	ENDIF
	1830	ALLOCATE( tmp_3d(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1831	CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'pcm_heatrate_av', tmp_3d )
	1832	pcm_heatrate_av = tmp_3d(nzb:pch_index,:,:)
	1833	DEALLOCATE( tmp_3d )
[4517]	1834	ENDIF
	1835
	1836	CALL rd_mpi_io_check_array( 'pcm_latentrate_av' , found = array_found )
	1837	IF ( array_found ) THEN
[4525]	1838	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	1839	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(nzb:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1840	ENDIF
	1841	ALLOCATE( tmp_3d(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1842	CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'pcm_latentrate_av', tmp_3d )
	1843	pcm_latentrate_av = tmp_3d(nzb:pch_index,:,:)
	1844	DEALLOCATE( tmp_3d )
[4517]	1845	ENDIF
	1846
	1847	CALL rd_mpi_io_check_array( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' , found = array_found )
	1848	IF ( array_found ) THEN
[4525]	1849	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	1850	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(nzb:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1851	ENDIF
	1852	ALLOCATE( tmp_3d(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1853	CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av', tmp_3d )
	1854	pcm_transpirationrate_av = tmp_3d(nzb:pch_index,:,:)
	1855	DEALLOCATE( tmp_3d )
[4517]	1856	ENDIF
	1857
	1858	END SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local_mpi
	1859
	1860
[4803]	1861	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4517]	1862	! Description:
	1863	! ------------
[4803]	1864	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant canopy on momentum and
	1865	!> scalar quantities.
[1682]	1866	!>
[4803]	1867	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0 (defined on scalar grid), as
	1868	!> initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
	1869	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding lad_s. The upper boundary
	1870	!> of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
[1682]	1871	!>
[4803]	1872	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of a limiting canopy
	1873	!> timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep in subroutine timestep), since it is
	1874	!> physically impossible that the canopy drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity
	1875	!> component. This limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities. It
	1876	!> is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different sign than the current
	1877	!> velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that the velocity can at maximum be reduced to
	1878	!> zero by the canopy drag.
[1682]	1879	!>
	1880	!>
	1881	!> Call for all grid points
[4803]	1882	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1883	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1884
[1682]	1885	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1886	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1887	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1888	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	1889	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1890
[4335]	1891	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
	1892	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
	1893	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
	1894	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
	1895
[4770]	1896	REAL(wp) :: bad_local !< local bad value
[1682]	1897	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1898	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1899	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
[4803]	1900	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1901	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1902	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1903
	1904
	1905	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[4803]	1906
[138]	1907	!
[1484]	1908	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1909	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1910
	1911	!
	1912	!-- u-component
	1913	CASE ( 1 )
	1914	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1915	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1916	!
[4803]	1917	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated building edges. Note,
	1918	!-- building_egde_w is set from the perspective of the potential rooftop grid point,
	1919	!-- while building_edge_e is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
	1920	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) &
	1921	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
	1922	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) ) &
	1923	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4335]	1924	!
[2232]	1925	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4341]	1926	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1927
[4341]	1928	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1929	!
[4803]	1930	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy, the lad on the u-grid
	1931	!-- at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from
	1932	!-- the surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy
	1933	!-- boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1934	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy boundary on the
	1935	!-- u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered in the next if-statement.
	1936	!-- Note, at left-sided building edges this is not applied, here the LAD equals
	1937	!-- the LAD at grid point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	1938	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) no LAD is defined. The same is also valid for
	1939	!-- bad_s.
[1721]	1940	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4770]	1941	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp &
[4335]	1942	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[4770]	1943
	1944	bad_local = bad_s(kk,j,i)
	1945	IF ( bad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. bad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp &
	1946	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_w ) bad_local = bad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[4335]	1947	!
[4803]	1948	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-sided building
	1949	!-- edges (here the topography-top index for the u-component at index j,i is still
	1950	!-- on the building while the topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken
	1951	!-- from grid point (j,i-1). The same is also valid for bad_s.
[4770]	1952	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp &
[4335]	1953	.AND. building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[4770]	1954	IF ( bad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. bad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp &
	1955	.AND. building_edge_e ) bad_local = bad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1956
	1957	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1958	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1959	!
	1960	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4803]	1961	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
	1962	( lad_local + bad_local ) * &
	1963	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1964	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1965	v(k,j,i) + &
	1966	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1967	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1968	)**2 + &
	1969	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1970	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1971	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1972	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1973	)**2 &
	1974	) * &
[1484]	1975	u(k,j,i)
	1976
	1977	!
	1978	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1979	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1980	!
	1981	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1982	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
[4803]	1983	IF ( SIGN( pre_u,u(k,j,i) ) /= pre_u ) THEN
[1484]	1984	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1985	ENDIF
	1986	!
	1987	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1988	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1989
[138]	1990	ENDDO
	1991	ENDDO
	1992	ENDDO
	1993
	1994	!
	1995	!-- v-component
	1996	CASE ( 2 )
	1997	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1998	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1999	!
[4803]	2000	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated building edges.
	2001	!-- Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective of the potential rooftop grid
	2002	!-- point, while building_edge_n is set from the perspective of the non-building grid
	2003	!-- point.
	2004	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) &
	2005	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
	2006	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) ) &
	2007	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4335]	2008	!
[2232]	2009	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4341]	2010	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2011
[4341]	2012	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	2013	!
[4803]	2014	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy, the lad on the v-grid
	2015	!-- at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from
	2016	!-- the surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy
	2017	!-- boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	2018	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost (j+1) canopy boundary on the
	2019	!-- v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered in the next if-statement.
	2020	!-- Note, at left-sided building edges this is not applied, here the LAD equals
	2021	!-- the LAD at grid point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	2022	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) no LAD is defined.
[4770]	2023	!-- The same is also valid for bad_s.
[1721]	2024	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4770]	2025	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp &
[4803]	2026	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[4770]	2027
	2028	bad_local = bad_s(kk,j,i)
	2029	IF ( bad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. bad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp &
[4803]	2030	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_s ) bad_local = bad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[4335]	2031	!
[4803]	2032	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-sided building
	2033	!-- edges (here the topography-top index for the u-component at index j,i is still
	2034	!-- on the building while the topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken
	2035	!-- from grid point (j,i-1). The same is also valid for bad_s.
[4770]	2036	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp &
[4803]	2037	.AND. building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	2038
[4770]	2039	IF ( bad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. bad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp &
[4803]	2040	.AND. building_edge_n ) bad_local = bad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[4770]	2041
[1484]	2042	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2043	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	2044	!
	2045	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4803]	2046	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
	2047	( lad_local + bad_local ) * &
	2048	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	2049	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	2050	u(k,j,i) + &
	2051	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2052	)**2 + &
	2053	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2054	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	2055	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2056	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	2057	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2058	)**2 &
	2059	) * &
[1484]	2060	v(k,j,i)
	2061
	2062	!
	2063	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2064	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2065	!
[4803]	2066	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity, and in case the
	2067	!-- signs are different, limit the tendency.
	2068	IF ( SIGN( pre_v,v(k,j,i) ) /= pre_v ) THEN
[1484]	2069	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2070	ELSE
	2071	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2072	ENDIF
	2073	!
	2074	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2075	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2076
[138]	2077	ENDDO
	2078	ENDDO
	2079	ENDDO
	2080
	2081	!
	2082	!-- w-component
	2083	CASE ( 3 )
	2084	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2085	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	2086	!
	2087	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4341]	2088	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[2317]	2089
[4341]	2090	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	2091
	2092	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2093	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	2094	!
	2095	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4803]	2096	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
	2097	( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) ) + &
	2098	0.5_wp * ( bad_s(kk+1,j,i) + bad_s(kk,j,i) ) ) * &
	2099	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2100	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	2101	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	2102	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	2103	)**2 + &
	2104	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2105	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2106	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	2107	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	2108	)**2 + &
	2109	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	2110	) * &
[1484]	2111	w(k,j,i)
	2112	!
	2113	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2114	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2115	!
[4803]	2116	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity, and in case the
	2117	!-- signs are different, limit the tendency
	2118	IF ( SIGN( pre_w,w(k,j,i) ) /= pre_w ) THEN
[1484]	2119	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2120	ELSE
	2121	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2122	ENDIF
	2123	!
	2124	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2125	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2126
[138]	2127	ENDDO
	2128	ENDDO
	2129	ENDDO
	2130
	2131	!
[153]	2132	!-- potential temperature
[138]	2133	CASE ( 4 )
[4803]	2134	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[3449]	2135	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2136	DO j = nys, nyn
	2137	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	2138	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2139	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2140	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2141	ENDDO
[153]	2142	ENDDO
	2143	ENDDO
[3449]	2144	ELSE
	2145	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2146	DO j = nys, nyn
	2147	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	2148	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2149	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2150	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2151	ENDDO
	2152	ENDDO
	2153	ENDDO
	2154	ENDIF
[153]	2155
	2156	!
[1960]	2157	!-- humidity
[153]	2158	CASE ( 5 )
	2159	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2160	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	2161	!
	2162	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	2163	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2164
[4341]	2165	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2232]	2166
[4803]	2167	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
[4341]	2168	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
[3449]	2169	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	2170	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	2171	! in the plant canopy box
[4803]	2172	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
	2173	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2174	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2175	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2176	)**2 + &
	2177	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2178	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2179	)**2 + &
	2180	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2181	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2182	)**2 &
	2183	) * &
	2184	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[3449]	2185	ENDIF
	2186
[4341]	2187	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	2188	ENDDO
	2189	ENDDO
	2190	ENDDO
	2191
	2192	!
	2193	!-- sgs-tke
	2194	CASE ( 6 )
	2195	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2196	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	2197	!
	2198	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	2199	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2200
[4341]	2201	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[4803]	2202	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - 2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
	2203	( lad_s(kk,j,i) + bad_s(kk,j,i) ) * &
	2204	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2205	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2206	)**2 + &
	2207	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2208	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2209	)**2 + &
	2210	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2211	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2212	)**2 &
	2213	) * &
	2214	e(k,j,i)
[138]	2215	ENDDO
	2216	ENDDO
[4803]	2217	ENDDO
[1960]	2218	!
	2219	!-- scalar concentration
	2220	CASE ( 7 )
	2221	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2222	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	2223	!
	2224	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	2225	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2226
[4341]	2227	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[4803]	2228	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
	2229	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2230	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2231	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2232	)**2 + &
	2233	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2234	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2235	)**2 + &
	2236	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2237	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2238	)**2 &
	2239	) * &
	2240	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[1960]	2241	ENDDO
	2242	ENDDO
[4803]	2243	ENDDO
[1484]	2244
	2245
[1960]	2246
[138]	2247	CASE DEFAULT
	2248
[257]	2249	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[4803]	2250	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2251
	2252	END SELECT
	2253
[1826]	2254	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	2255
	2256
[4803]	2257	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	2258	! Description:
	2259	! ------------
[4803]	2260	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant canopy on momentum and
	2261	!> scalar quantities.
[1682]	2262	!>
[4803]	2263	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0 (defined on scalar grid), as
	2264	!> initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
	2265	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding lad_s. The upper boundary
	2266	!> of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
[1682]	2267	!>
[4803]	2268	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of a limiting canopy
	2269	!> timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep in subroutine timestep), since it is
	2270	!> physically impossible that the canopy drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity
	2271	!> component. This limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities. It
	2272	!> is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different sign than the current
	2273	!> velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that the velocity can at maximum be reduced to
	2274	!> zero by the canopy drag.
[1682]	2275	!>
	2276	!>
	2277	!> Call for grid point i,j
[4803]	2278	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	2279	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	2280
[1682]	2281	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	2282	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2283	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2284	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	2285	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	2286
[4314]	2287	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
	2288	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
	2289	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
	2290	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
	2291
[4770]	2292	REAL(wp) :: bad_local !< local lad value
[1682]	2293	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	2294	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	2295	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
[4803]	2296	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	2297	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	2298	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	2299
	2300
	2301	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	2302	!
[1484]	2303	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	2304	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	2305
	2306	!
[142]	2307	!-- u-component
[1484]	2308	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	2309	!
[4803]	2310	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated building edges. Note,
	2311	!-- building_egde_w is set from the perspective of the potential rooftop grid point, while
	2312	!-- building_edge_e is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
	2313	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2314	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
	2315	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2316	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4314]	2317	!
[2232]	2318	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4341]	2319	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2320
[4341]	2321	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2322
	2323	!
[4803]	2324	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy, the lad on the u-grid at
	2325	!-- index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	2326	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
[1484]	2327	!-- than inside of the canopy.
[4803]	2328	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy boundary on the u-grid
	2329	!-- equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered in the next if-statement. Note, at
	2330	!-- left-sided building edges this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at
	2331	!-- grid point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped on top of a roof
	2332	!-- where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[4770]	2333	!-- The same is also valid for bad_s.
[1721]	2334	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4770]	2335	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
[4314]	2336	.NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[4770]	2337
	2338	bad_local = bad_s(kk,j,i)
	2339	IF ( bad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. bad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2340	.NOT. building_edge_w ) bad_local = bad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[4314]	2341	!
[4803]	2342	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-sided building edges
	2343	!-- (here the topography-top index for the u-component at index j,i is still on the
	2344	!-- building while the topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
[4770]	2345	!-- point (j,i-1). The same is also valid for bad_s.
	2346	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
[4314]	2347	building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[4770]	2348	IF ( bad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. bad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2349	building_edge_e ) bad_local = bad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	2350
	2351	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2352	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	2353	!
	2354	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4803]	2355	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
	2356	( lad_local + bad_local ) * &
	2357	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2358	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	2359	v(k,j,i) + &
	2360	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2361	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	2362	)**2 + &
	2363	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	2364	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2365	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	2366	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2367	)**2 &
	2368	) * &
[1484]	2369	u(k,j,i)
	2370
	2371	!
	2372	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2373	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2374	!
[4803]	2375	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity, and in case the signs are
	2376	!-- different, limit the tendency.
	2377	IF ( SIGN( pre_u,u(k,j,i) ) /= pre_u ) THEN
[1484]	2378	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2379	ELSE
	2380	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2381	ENDIF
	2382	!
	2383	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2384	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2385	ENDDO
	2386
	2387
	2388	!
[142]	2389	!-- v-component
[1484]	2390	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	2391	!
[4803]	2392	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated building edges. Note,
	2393	!-- building_egde_s is set from the perspective of the potential rooftop grid point, while
	2394	!-- building_edge_n is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
	2395	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2396	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
	2397	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2398	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4314]	2399	!
[2232]	2400	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4341]	2401	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	2402
[4341]	2403	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2404	!
[4803]	2405	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy, the lad on the v-grid at
	2406	!-- index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	2407	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
[1484]	2408	!-- than inside of the canopy.
[4803]	2409	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost (j+1) canopy boundary on the v-grid
	2410	!-- equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered in the next if-statement. Note, at
	2411	!-- left-sided building edges this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at
	2412	!-- grid point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped on top of a roof
	2413	!-- where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[4770]	2414	!-- The same is also valid for bad_s.
[1721]	2415	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4770]	2416	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
[4314]	2417	.NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[4770]	2418
	2419	bad_local = bad_s(kk,j,i)
	2420	IF ( bad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. bad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2421	.NOT. building_edge_s ) bad_local = bad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[4314]	2422	!
[4803]	2423	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-sided building edges
	2424	!-- (here the topography-top index for the u-component at index j,i is still on the
	2425	!-- building while the topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
[4770]	2426	!-- point (j,i-1). The same is also valid for bad_s.
	2427	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
[4314]	2428	building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[4770]	2429	IF ( bad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. bad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2430	building_edge_n ) bad_local = bad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	2431
	2432	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2433	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	2434	!
	2435	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4803]	2436	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
	2437	( lad_local + bad_local ) * &
	2438	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	2439	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	2440	u(k,j,i) + &
	2441	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2442	)**2 + &
	2443	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2444	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	2445	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2446	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	2447	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2448	)**2 &
	2449	) * &
[1484]	2450	v(k,j,i)
	2451
	2452	!
	2453	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2454	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2455	!
	2456	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2457	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
[4803]	2458	IF ( SIGN( pre_v,v(k,j,i) ) /= pre_v ) THEN
[1484]	2459	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2460	ELSE
	2461	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2462	ENDIF
	2463	!
	2464	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2465	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2466	ENDDO
	2467
	2468
	2469	!
[142]	2470	!-- w-component
[1484]	2471	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	2472	!
	2473	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4341]	2474	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[2317]	2475
[4341]	2476	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2477
[1484]	2478	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2479	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	2480	!
[1484]	2481	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4803]	2482	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
	2483	( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) ) + &
	2484	0.5_wp * ( bad_s(kk+1,j,i) + bad_s(kk,j,i) ) ) * &
	2485	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2486	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	2487	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	2488	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	2489	)**2 + &
	2490	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2491	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2492	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	2493	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	2494	)**2 + &
	2495	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	2496	) * &
[1484]	2497	w(k,j,i)
	2498	!
	2499	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2500	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2501	!
[4803]	2502	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity, and in case the signs are
	2503	!-- different, limit the tendency.
	2504	IF ( SIGN( pre_w,w(k,j,i) ) /= pre_w ) THEN
[1484]	2505	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2506	ELSE
	2507	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2508	ENDIF
	2509	!
	2510	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2511	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2512	ENDDO
	2513
	2514	!
[153]	2515	!-- potential temperature
	2516	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	2517	!
	2518	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4803]	2519	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[4341]	2520	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2521	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[4803]	2522	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2523	ENDDO
	2524	ELSE
[4341]	2525	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2526	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2527	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2528	ENDDO
	2529	ENDIF
[153]	2530
	2531	!
[1960]	2532	!-- humidity
[153]	2533	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	2534	!
	2535	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4341]	2536	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2537	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[4803]	2538	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
[4341]	2539	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
[3449]	2540	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	2541	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	2542	! in the plant canopy box
[4803]	2543	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
	2544	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2545	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2546	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2547	)**2 + &
	2548	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2549	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2550	)**2 + &
	2551	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2552	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2553	)**2 &
	2554	) * &
	2555	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[3449]	2556	ENDIF
[2232]	2557
[4341]	2558	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[3014]	2559
[4803]	2560	ENDDO
[153]	2561
	2562	!
[142]	2563	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	2564	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	2565	!
	2566	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4341]	2567	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2568
[4341]	2569	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[4803]	2570	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - 2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
	2571	( lad_s(kk,j,i) + bad_s(kk,j,i) ) * &
	2572	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2573	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2574	)**2 + &
	2575	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2576	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2577	)**2 + &
	2578	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2579	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2580	)**2 &
	2581	) * &
	2582	e(k,j,i)
[1484]	2583	ENDDO
[1960]	2584	!
[4803]	2585	!-- scalar concentration
[1960]	2586	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	2587	!
	2588	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4341]	2589	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2590
[4341]	2591	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[4803]	2592	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
	2593	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2594	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2595	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2596	)**2 + &
	2597	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2598	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2599	)**2 + &
	2600	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2601	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2602	)**2 &
	2603	) * &
	2604	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
	2605	ENDDO
[138]	2606
[142]	2607	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	2608
[257]	2609	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[4803]	2610	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2611
[142]	2612	END SELECT
[138]	2613
[1826]	2614	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	2615
[4803]	2616	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4360]	2617	! Description:
	2618	! ------------
[4514]	2619	!> Subroutine writes global restart data
[4803]	2620	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4514]	2621	SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_global
	2622
	2623	IF ( TRIM( restart_data_format_output ) == 'fortran_binary' ) THEN
	2624
	2625	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pch_index' )
[4803]	2626	WRITE( 14 ) pch_index
[4514]	2627
[4803]	2628	ELSE IF ( restart_data_format_output(1:3) == 'mpi' ) THEN
[4514]	2629
	2630	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'pch_index', pch_index )
	2631
	2632	ENDIF
	2633
	2634	END SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_global
	2635
[4803]	2636	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4514]	2637	! Description:
	2638	! ------------
[4360]	2639	!> Subroutine writes local (subdomain) restart data
[4803]	2640	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4360]	2641	SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
[2007]	2642
[4525]	2643	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tmp_3d !< temporary array to store pcm data with
	2644	!< non-standard vertical index bounds
	2645
[4803]	2646
[4495]	2647	IF ( TRIM( restart_data_format_output ) == 'fortran_binary' ) THEN
[4360]	2648
[4495]	2649	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	2650	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
[4803]	2651	WRITE( 14 ) pcm_heatrate_av
[4495]	2652	ENDIF
[4360]	2653
[4495]	2654	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	2655	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
[4803]	2656	WRITE( 14 ) pcm_latentrate_av
[4495]	2657	ENDIF
	2658
	2659	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	2660	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
[4803]	2661	WRITE( 14 ) pcm_transpirationrate_av
[4495]	2662	ENDIF
	2663
[4803]	2664	ELSE IF ( restart_data_format_output(1:3) == 'mpi' ) THEN
[4495]	2665
[4525]	2666	!
	2667	!-- Plant canopy arrays have non standard reduced vertical index bounds. They are stored with
	2668	!-- full vertical bounds (bzb:nzt+1) in the restart file and must be re-stored before writing.
	2669	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	2670	ALLOCATE( tmp_3d(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	2671	tmp_3d(nzb:pch_index,:,:) = pcm_heatrate_av
	2672	tmp_3d(pch_index+1:nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	2673	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'pcm_heatrate_av', tmp_3d )
	2674	DEALLOCATE( tmp_3d )
	2675	ENDIF
[4495]	2676	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
[4525]	2677	ALLOCATE( tmp_3d(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	2678	tmp_3d(nzb:pch_index,:,:) = pcm_latentrate_av
	2679	tmp_3d(pch_index+1:nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	2680	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'pcm_latentrate_av', tmp_3d )
	2681	DEALLOCATE( tmp_3d )
[4495]	2682	ENDIF
	2683	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
[4525]	2684	ALLOCATE( tmp_3d(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	2685	tmp_3d(nzb:pch_index,:,:) = pcm_transpirationrate_av
	2686	tmp_3d(pch_index+1:nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	2687	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av', tmp_3d )
	2688	DEALLOCATE( tmp_3d )
[4495]	2689	ENDIF
	2690
[4360]	2691	ENDIF
	2692
	2693	END SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
	2694
	2695
[138]	2696	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4851

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