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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4499

Last change on this file since 4499 was 4495, checked in by raasch, 5 years ago
restart data handling with MPI-IO added, first part
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 111.0 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[4360]	17	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[4392]	18	! Copyright 2017-2020 Institute of Computer Science of the
[3885]	19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
[2000]	20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	21	!
[257]	22	! Current revisions:
[2977]	23	! ------------------
[2214]	24	!
[4226]	25	!
[2214]	26	! Former revisions:
	27	! -----------------
[4495]	28	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4495 2020-04-13 20:11:20Z eckhard $
	29	! restart data handling with MPI-IO added
[4448]	30	!
[4495]	31	! 4457 2020-03-11 14:20:43Z raasch
	32	!
[4457]	33	! use statement for exchange horiz added
[4448]	34	! (salim) removed the error message PA0672 to consider PC 3d data via ascii file
	35	!
	36	! 4392 2020-01-31 16:14:57Z pavelkrc (resler)
	37	! Make pcm_heatrate_av, pcm_latentrate_av public to allow calculation
[4392]	38	! of averaged Bowen ratio in the user procedure
	39	!
	40	! 4381 2020-01-20 13:51:46Z suehring
[4381]	41	! Give error message 313 only once
	42	!
	43	! 4363 2020-01-07 18:11:28Z suehring
[4363]	44	! Fix for last commit
	45	!
	46	! 4362 2020-01-07 17:15:02Z suehring
[4362]	47	! Input of plant canopy variables from static driver moved to plant-canopy
	48	! model
	49	!
	50	! 4361 2020-01-07 12:22:38Z suehring
[4361]	51	! - Remove unused arrays in pmc_rrd_local
	52	! - Remove one exchange of ghost points
	53	!
	54	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
[4360]	55	! - Bugfix, read restart data for time-averaged pcm output quantities
	56	! - Output of plant-canopy quantities will fill values
	57	!
	58	! 4356 2019-12-20 17:09:33Z suehring
[4356]	59	! Correct single message call, local check must be given by the respective
	60	! mpi rank.
	61	!
	62	! 4346 2019-12-18 11:55:56Z motisi
[4346]	63	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
	64	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
	65	!
	66	! 4342 2019-12-16 13:49:14Z Giersch
[4342]	67	! Use statements moved to module level, ocean dependency removed, redundant
	68	! variables removed
	69	!
	70	! 4341 2019-12-16 10:43:49Z motisi
[4341]	71	! - Unification of variable names: pc_-variables now pcm_-variables
	72	! (pc_latent_rate, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate)
	73	! - Removal of pcm_bowenratio output
	74	! - Renamed canopy-mode 'block' to 'homogeneous'
	75	! - Renamed value 'read_from_file_3d' to 'read_from_file'
	76	! - Removal of confusing comment lines
	77	! - Replacement of k_wall by topo_top_ind
	78	! - Removal of Else-Statement in tendency-calculation
	79	!
	80	! 4335 2019-12-12 16:39:05Z suehring
[4335]	81	! Fix for LAD at building edges also implemented in vector branch.
	82	!
	83	! 4331 2019-12-10 18:25:02Z suehring
[4331]	84	! Typo corrected
	85	!
	86	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
[4329]	87	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
	88	!
	89	! 4314 2019-11-29 10:29:20Z suehring
[4314]	90	! - Bugfix, plant canopy was still considered at building edges on for the u-
	91	! and v-component.
	92	! - Relax restriction of LAD on building tops. LAD is only omitted at
	93	! locations where building grid points emerged artificially by the
	94	! topography filtering.
	95	!
	96	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
[4309]	97	! Typo
	98	!
	99	! 4302 2019-11-22 13:15:56Z suehring
[4302]	100	! Omit tall canopy mapped on top of buildings
	101	!
	102	! 4279 2019-10-29 08:48:17Z scharf
[4279]	103	! unused variables removed
	104	!
	105	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z scharf
[4278]	106	! changed check for static driver and fixed bugs in initialization and header
	107	!
	108	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z suehring
[4258]	109	! Check if any LAD is prescribed when plant-canopy model is applied.
	110	!
	111	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
[4226]	112	! Bugfix, missing initialization of heating rate
	113	!
	114	! 4221 2019-09-09 08:50:35Z suehring
[4220]	115	! Further bugfix in 3d data output for plant canopy
	116	!
	117	! 4216 2019-09-04 09:09:03Z suehring
[4216]	118	! Bugfixes in 3d data output
	119	!
	120	! 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring
[4205]	121	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
	122	!
	123	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
[4188]	124	! Minor adjustment in error number
	125	!
	126	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
[4187]	127	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
	128	!
	129	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	130	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	131	!
	132	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
[4168]	133	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
	134	!
	135	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
[4127]	136	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
	137	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
	138	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
	139	! (merge from branch resler)
	140	!
	141	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	142	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	143	! of additional debug messages
	144	!
	145	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
[3761]	146	! unsed variables removed
	147	!
	148	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
[3745]	149	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
	150	! becomes > 40 degrees
	151	!
	152	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
[3685]	153	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	154	!
	155	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3614]	156	! unused variables removed
[3498]	157	!
[4182]	158	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	159	! Initial revision
	160	!
[138]	161	! Description:
	162	! ------------
[1682]	163	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	164	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	165	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	166	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[3744]	167	!
	168	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
[4216]	169	! @todo - unify variable names (pcm_, pc_, ...)
[138]	170	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	171	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
[4360]	172
[1484]	173	USE arrays_3d, &
[3449]	174	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	175
[3449]	176	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	177	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
[4360]	178
[4342]	179	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	180	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
[3449]	181
[3885]	182	USE control_parameters, &
[4360]	183	ONLY: average_count_3d, &
	184	coupling_char, &
	185	debug_output, &
	186	dt_3d, &
	187	dz, &
	188	humidity, &
	189	length, &
	190	message_string, &
	191	ocean_mode, &
	192	passive_scalar, &
	193	plant_canopy, &
[4495]	194	restart_data_format_output, &
[4360]	195	restart_string, &
	196	urban_surface
	197
[4342]	198	USE grid_variables, &
	199	ONLY: dx, dy
[3449]	200
[1484]	201	USE indices, &
	202	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[4346]	203	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind, wall_flags_total_0
[1484]	204
	205	USE kinds
[4360]	206
[4342]	207	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
[4362]	208	ONLY: input_pids_static, &
	209	char_fill, &
	210	check_existence, &
	211	close_input_file, &
	212	get_attribute, &
	213	get_dimension_length, &
	214	get_variable, &
	215	inquire_num_variables, &
	216	inquire_variable_names, &
	217	input_file_static, &
	218	num_var_pids, &
	219	open_read_file, &
	220	pids_id, &
	221	real_3d, &
	222	vars_pids
[1484]	223
[3449]	224	USE pegrid
[4360]	225
[4495]	226	USE restart_data_mpi_io_mod, &
	227	ONLY: wrd_mpi_io
	228
[4342]	229	USE surface_mod, &
	230	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[3449]	231
[1484]	232
	233	IMPLICIT NONE
	234
[4341]	235	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' !< canopy coverage
[3449]	236	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
	237	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
	238	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
[1484]	239
[3449]	240	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	241	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	242
[3449]	243	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
[2696]	244
[3449]	245	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	246
[2696]	247	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	248	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	249	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	250	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	251	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	252	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	253	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	254	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	255	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	256	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[1484]	257
[2696]	258	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	259	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	260
[2977]	261	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	262	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	263
[1682]	264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	266
[4127]	267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
[4341]	269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
	270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
	271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
[1484]	272
[4127]	273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
	274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
	275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
	276
[4362]	277	TYPE(real_3d) :: basal_area_density_f !< input variable for basal area density - resolved vegetation
	278	TYPE(real_3d) :: leaf_area_density_f !< input variable for leaf area density - resolved vegetation
	279	TYPE(real_3d) :: root_area_density_lad_f !< input variable for root area density - resolved vegetation
	280
[1484]	281	SAVE
	282
[138]	283	PRIVATE
[4342]	284
[1826]	285	!
	286	!-- Public functions
[4360]	287	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, &
	288	pcm_check_data_output, &
	289	pcm_check_parameters, &
	290	pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
	291	pcm_data_output_3d, &
	292	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
	293	pcm_header, &
	294	pcm_init, &
	295	pcm_parin, &
	296	pcm_rrd_local, &
	297	pcm_tendency, &
	298	pcm_wrd_local
[138]	299
[1826]	300	!
	301	!-- Public variables and constants
[4342]	302	PUBLIC canopy_drag_coeff, pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate, &
	303	pcm_latent_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
[4392]	304	pch_index, plant_canopy_transpiration, &
	305	pcm_heatrate_av, pcm_latentrate_av
[1484]	306
[3449]	307	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	308	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	309	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	310
[2209]	311	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	312	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	313	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	314
[1826]	315	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	316	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	317	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	318
[4127]	319	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	320	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	321	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	322
[2209]	323	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	324	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	325	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	326
	327	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	328	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	329	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	330
	331	INTERFACE pcm_header
	332	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	333	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	334
	335	INTERFACE pcm_init
	336	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	337	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	338
[1826]	339	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	340	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	341	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	342
	343	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	344	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	345	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[4360]	346
	347	INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
	348	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_rrd_local
	349	END INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
	350
[1826]	351	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	352	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	353	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	354	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	355
[4360]	356	INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
	357	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_wrd_local
	358	END INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
[1484]	359
[4360]	360
[138]	361	CONTAINS
[4342]	362
	363
[2209]	364	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	365	! Description:
	366	! ------------
[3449]	367	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
	368	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
	369	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
	370	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
	371	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
	372	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
	373	!> Tree Physiology 20).
	374	!>
	375	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
	376	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
	377	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
	378	!>
	379	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	380	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
	381
[4342]	382	!
[3449]	383	!-- input parameters
[4205]	384	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
	385	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
	386	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
	387	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
	388	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
[3449]	389
	390	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
[4205]	391	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
	392	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
	393	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
	394	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
	395	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
	396	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	397	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	398	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	399	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
	400	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
[3449]	401
	402
	403	!-- Temperature (deg C)
	404	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
	405	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
[4205]	406	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
[3449]	407	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
	408	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
	409	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
	410	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
	411	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
	412	!-- Wind speed
[3744]	413	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
[4205]	414	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
	415	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
[3449]	416	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
	417	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
	418	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
	419	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
	420	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
	421	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
[4205]	422	f1 = rad * (1000.0_wp+42.1_wp) / 1000.0_wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
[3449]	423	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
	424	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
[3744]	425	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
[3449]	426	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
	427	!-- Water pressure deficit
	428	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
	429	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
	430	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
	431	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
	432	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
	433	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
	434	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
[4205]	435	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
[3449]	436	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
	437	!-- Residual soil water content
	438	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
	439	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
	440	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
	441	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
[4205]	442	f4 = MAX(0.0_wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
[3449]	443	!-- Stomatal conductivity
	444	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
	445	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
[4205]	446	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
[3449]	447	!-- Decoupling factor
	448	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
[4205]	449	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
	450	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
[3449]	451	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
	452	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
	453	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
	454	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
	455	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
	456	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
	457	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
	458	!-- Evaporation rate
	459	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
	460	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
	461	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
	462	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
	463	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
	464	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
	465	!-- latent heat from evaporation
	466	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
	467
	468	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	469
	470
	471	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	472	! Description:
	473	! ------------
[2209]	474	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	475	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	476	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[4279]	477
[2209]	478	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	479	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	480
	481
	482	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	483
	484	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	485	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	486	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	487	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	488	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	489	ENDIF
[2209]	490	unit = 'K s-1'
	491
[3014]	492	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	493	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	494
[3449]	495	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	496	unit = 'K s-1'
	497
[2209]	498	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	499	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	500
	501
	502	CASE DEFAULT
	503	unit = 'illegal'
	504
	505	END SELECT
	506
	507
	508	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	509
	510
[1826]	511	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	512	! Description:
	513	! ------------
	514	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	515	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	516	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[4342]	517
	518	IF ( ocean_mode ) THEN
	519	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. is not allowed in the '// &
	520	'ocean'
	521	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0696', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	522	ENDIF
	523
[1826]	524	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	525	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
[3046]	526	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	527	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	528	ENDIF
[4279]	529
[3045]	530	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
[1826]	531	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	532	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	533	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	534	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	535	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	536	ENDIF
[4279]	537
[1826]	538	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	539	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	540	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	541	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	542	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	543	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	544	ENDIF
	545
	546	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	547	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	548	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	549	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	550	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	551	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	552	'density profile'
[2768]	553	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	554	ENDIF
	555
[3274]	556	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
[1826]	557	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	558	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	559	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	560	ENDIF
	561
	562	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	563
	564
[138]	565	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	566	!
[1484]	567	! Description:
	568	! ------------
[4127]	569	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
[2209]	570	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4216]	571	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
[4127]	572
	573	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
	574	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	575
	576	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	577	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	578	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	579
	580
	581	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
	582
	583	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	584
	585	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	586	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	587	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	588	ENDIF
	589	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	590
	591
	592	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	593	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	594	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	595	ENDIF
	596	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	597
	598
	599	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	600	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	601	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	602	ENDIF
	603	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	604
	605	CASE DEFAULT
	606	CONTINUE
	607
	608	END SELECT
	609
	610	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
	611
	612	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	613
	614	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	615	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	616	DO i = nxl, nxr
	617	DO j = nys, nyn
	618	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	619	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4341]	620	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
[4127]	621	ENDDO
	622	ENDIF
	623	ENDDO
	624	ENDDO
	625	ENDIF
	626
	627
	628	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	629	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	630	DO i = nxl, nxr
	631	DO j = nys, nyn
	632	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	633	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4341]	634	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4127]	635	ENDDO
	636	ENDIF
	637	ENDDO
	638	ENDDO
	639	ENDIF
	640
	641
	642	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	643	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	644	DO i = nxl, nxr
	645	DO j = nys, nyn
	646	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	647	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4341]	648	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
[4127]	649	ENDDO
	650	ENDIF
	651	ENDDO
	652	ENDDO
	653	ENDIF
	654
	655	CASE DEFAULT
	656	CONTINUE
	657
	658	END SELECT
	659
	660	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
	661
	662	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	663
	664	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	665	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	666	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	667	DO j = nysg, nyng
	668	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	669	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	670	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
	671	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	672	ENDDO
	673	ENDIF
	674	ENDDO
	675	ENDDO
	676	ENDIF
	677
	678
	679	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	680	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	681	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	682	DO j = nysg, nyng
	683	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	684	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	685	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
	686	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	687	ENDDO
	688	ENDIF
	689	ENDDO
	690	ENDDO
	691	ENDIF
	692
	693
	694	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	695	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	696	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	697	DO j = nysg, nyng
	698	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	699	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	700	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
	701	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	702	ENDDO
	703	ENDIF
	704	ENDDO
	705	ENDDO
	706	ENDIF
	707
	708	END SELECT
	709
	710	ENDIF
	711
[4216]	712	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
[4127]	713
	714	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	715	!
	716	! Description:
	717	! ------------
	718	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
	719	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
	720	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
	721	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
	722	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	723	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	724	nzb_do, nzt_do )
[2209]	725
[4216]	726	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< treated variable
[2209]	727
[4216]	728	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< flag indicating instantaneous or averaged data output
	729	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x-direction
	730	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y-direction
	731	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z-direction
[3014]	732	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	733	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	734
[4216]	735	LOGICAL :: found !< flag indicating if variable is found
[2209]	736
[4216]	737	REAL(wp) :: fill_value !< fill value
	738	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !< data output array
[2209]	739
	740
	741	found = .TRUE.
	742
[2696]	743	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	744
	745	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
[4216]	746	!
	747	!-- Note, to save memory arrays for heating are allocated from 0:pch_index.
	748	!-- Thus, output must be relative to these array indices. Further, check
	749	!-- whether the output is within the vertical output range,
[4220]	750	!-- i.e. nzb_do:nzt_do, which is necessary as local_pf is only allocated
	751	!-- for this index space. Note, plant-canopy output has a separate
	752	!-- vertical output coordinate zlad, so that output is mapped down to the
	753	!-- surface.
[4127]	754	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	755	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	756	DO i = nxl, nxr
	757	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	758	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4341]	759	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	760	ENDDO
[4127]	761	ENDDO
	762	ENDDO
	763	ELSE
	764	DO i = nxl, nxr
	765	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	766	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	767	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	768	ENDDO
	769	ENDDO
	770	ENDDO
	771	ENDIF
[3449]	772
	773	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
[4127]	774	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	775	DO i = nxl, nxr
	776	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	777	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4341]	778	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	779	ENDDO
[4127]	780	ENDDO
	781	ENDDO
	782	ELSE
	783	DO i = nxl, nxr
	784	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	785	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	786	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	787	ENDDO
	788	ENDDO
	789	ENDDO
	790	ENDIF
[3449]	791
[4127]	792	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	793	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	794	DO i = nxl, nxr
	795	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	796	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4341]	797	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	798	ENDDO
[4127]	799	ENDDO
	800	ENDDO
	801	ELSE
	802	DO i = nxl, nxr
	803	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	804	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	805	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	806	ENDDO
	807	ENDDO
	808	ENDDO
	809	ENDIF
	810
	811	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	812	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	813	DO i = nxl, nxr
	814	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	815	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	816	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
[4216]	817	ENDDO
[4127]	818	ENDDO
	819	ENDDO
	820	ENDIF
	821
[2209]	822	CASE DEFAULT
	823	found = .FALSE.
	824
	825	END SELECT
	826
	827	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	828
	829	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	830	!
	831	! Description:
	832	! ------------
	833	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	834	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	835	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	836	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	837
	838	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	839	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	840	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	841	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	842	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	843
	844	found = .TRUE.
	845
	846	!
[4342]	847	!-- Check for the grid. zpc is zu(nzb:nzb+pch_index)
[2209]	848	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	849
[4341]	850	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate')
[2209]	851	grid_x = 'x'
	852	grid_y = 'y'
[4127]	853	grid_z = 'zpc'
[2209]	854
	855	CASE DEFAULT
	856	found = .FALSE.
	857	grid_x = 'none'
	858	grid_y = 'none'
	859	grid_z = 'none'
	860	END SELECT
	861
	862	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	863
	864
	865	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	866	! Description:
	867	! ------------
[1826]	868	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	869	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4362]	870	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
[1826]	871
[4362]	872	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
[1826]	873
[4362]	874	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	875	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	876	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	877	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
[1826]	878
[4362]	879	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	880	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	881	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	882
	883	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	884
	885	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1826]	886
[4362]	887	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	888	canopy_drag_coeff
	889	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	890	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	891	leaf_surface_conc
	892	ENDIF
[1826]	893
	894	!
[4362]	895	! Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	896	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
[1826]	897
	898	!
[4362]	899	! Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	900	! gradients or from beta probability density function.
	901	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
[1826]	902
[4362]	903	! Building output strings, starting with surface value
	904	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	905	gradients = '------'
	906	slices = ' 0'
	907	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	908	DO i = 1, UBOUND(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind, DIM=1)
	909	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) /= -9999 ) THEN
[1826]	910
[4362]	911	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	912	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	913
[4362]	914	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	915	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	916
[4362]	917	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	918	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	919
[4362]	920	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	921	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	922	ELSE
	923	EXIT
	924	ENDIF
	925	ENDDO
[1826]	926
[4362]	927	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	928	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
[1826]	929
[4362]	930	ELSE
	931
	932	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	933	coordinates = ' 0.0'
[1826]	934
[4362]	935	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1826]	936
[4362]	937	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	938	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	939	TRIM( coor_chr )
	940
	941	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	942	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	943
	944	ENDDO
	945
	946	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	947	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
[1826]	948
[4362]	949	ENDIF
[1826]	950
[4362]	951	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
[1826]	952	' ------------------------------'// &
	953	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	954	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	955	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
[4362]	956	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
[1826]	957	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
[4362]	958	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ', &
	959	F6.2, ' K m/s')
	960	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
[1826]	961	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	962	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	963	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	964	' Gridpoint: ',A)
[4362]	965	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
[1826]	966	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	967	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	968	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	969	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	970	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	971
	972	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	973
	974
	975	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	976	! Description:
	977	! ------------
[1682]	978	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	979	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	980	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	981
[4457]	982	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
	983	ONLY: exchange_horiz
	984
[2007]	985	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	986	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	987	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	988	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	989
[4381]	990	LOGICAL :: lad_on_top = .FALSE. !< dummy flag to indicate that LAD is defined on a building roof
	991
[4258]	992	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[2007]	993	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
[4258]	994	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	995	REAL(wp) :: lad_max !< maximum LAD value in the model domain, used to perform a check
[3241]	996
[3885]	997	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
[1484]	998	!
	999	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	1000	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	1001	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	1002	lad = 0.0_wp
	1003	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	1004
	1005	!
[1826]	1006	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	1007	!-- a beta probability density function
	1008	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1009	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	1010	ENDIF
	1011
	1012
	1013	!
[1484]	1014	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	1015	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	1016	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	1017	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	1018	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	1019	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	1020
	1021	!
	1022	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	1023	i = 1
	1024	gradient = 0.0_wp
	1025
[4342]	1026	lad(0) = lad_surface
	1027	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
[1484]	1028
[4342]	1029	DO k = 1, pch_index
	1030	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	1031	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	1032	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1033	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	1034	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	1035	i = i + 1
[1484]	1036	ENDIF
[4342]	1037	ENDIF
	1038	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1039	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	1040	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
[1484]	1041	ELSE
[4342]	1042	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
[1484]	1043	ENDIF
[4342]	1044	ELSE
	1045	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	1046	ENDIF
	1047	ENDDO
[1484]	1048
	1049	!
	1050	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	1051	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	1052	!-- file.
	1053	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1054	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	1055	ENDIF
	1056
	1057	ELSE
	1058
	1059	!
	1060	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	1061	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
[3065]	1062	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1484]	1063
[2232]	1064	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	1065	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	1066	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1067	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1068	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1069	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	1070	ENDDO
	1071
	1072	!
	1073	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	1074	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	1075	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	1076	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1077	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1078	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	1079	) / canopy_height
[1484]	1080	ENDDO
	1081
	1082	!
	1083	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	1084	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	1085	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	1086	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	1087	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	1088	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
[4302]	1089	ENDDO
[1484]	1090
	1091	ENDIF
	1092
	1093	!
[2213]	1094	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	1095	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1096
	1097	!
	1098	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
[4341]	1099	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' initializes a canopy, which
[1484]	1100	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	1101	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	1102
[4341]	1103	CASE( 'homogeneous' )
[1484]	1104
	1105	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1106	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1107	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	1108	ENDDO
	1109	ENDDO
	1110
[4341]	1111	CASE ( 'read_from_file' )
[2007]	1112	!
[4362]	1113	!-- Read plant canopy
	1114	IF ( input_pids_static ) THEN
	1115	!
	1116	!-- Open the static input file
	1117	#if defined( __netcdf )
	1118	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	1119	TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1120	pids_id )
	1121
	1122	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
	1123	!
	1124	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them
	1125	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
	1126	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
	1127	!
	1128	!-- Read leaf area density - resolved vegetation
	1129	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'lad' ) ) THEN
	1130	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
	1131	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
	1132	leaf_area_density_f%fill, &
	1133	.FALSE., 'lad' )
	1134	!
	1135	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
	1136	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
	1137	leaf_area_density_f%nz, &
	1138	'zlad' )
	1139	!
	1140	!-- Allocate variable for leaf-area density
	1141	ALLOCATE( leaf_area_density_f%var &
	1142	(0:leaf_area_density_f%nz-1, &
	1143	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
	1144
	1145	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'lad', leaf_area_density_f%var, &
	1146	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
	1147	0, leaf_area_density_f%nz-1 )
	1148
	1149	ELSE
	1150	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
	1151	ENDIF
	1152	!
	1153	!-- Read basal area density - resolved vegetation
	1154	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'bad' ) ) THEN
	1155	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
	1156	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
	1157	basal_area_density_f%fill, &
	1158	.FALSE., 'bad' )
	1159	!
	1160	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
	1161	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
	1162	basal_area_density_f%nz, &
	1163	'zlad' )
	1164	!
	1165	!-- Allocate variable
	1166	ALLOCATE( basal_area_density_f%var &
	1167	(0:basal_area_density_f%nz-1, &
	1168	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
	1169
	1170	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'bad', basal_area_density_f%var,&
	1171	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
	1172	0, basal_area_density_f%nz-1 )
	1173	ELSE
	1174	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
	1175	ENDIF
	1176	!
	1177	!-- Read root area density - resolved vegetation
	1178	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'root_area_dens_r' ) ) THEN
	1179	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .TRUE.
	1180	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
	1181	root_area_density_lad_f%fill, &
	1182	.FALSE., 'root_area_dens_r' )
	1183	!
	1184	!-- Inquire number of vertical soil layers
	1185	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
	1186	root_area_density_lad_f%nz, &
	1187	'zsoil' )
	1188	!
	1189	!-- Allocate variable
	1190	ALLOCATE( root_area_density_lad_f%var &
	1191	(0:root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1,&
	1192	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
	1193
	1194	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'root_area_dens_r', &
	1195	root_area_density_lad_f%var, &
	1196	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
	1197	0, root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1 )
	1198	ELSE
	1199	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .FALSE.
	1200	ENDIF
	1201
	1202	DEALLOCATE( vars_pids )
	1203	!
[4363]	1204	!-- Finally, close the input file and deallocate temporary array
	1205	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
[4362]	1206	#endif
[4363]	1207	ENDIF
	1208
[4362]	1209	!
[2696]	1210	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	1211	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	1212	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	1213	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	1214	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1215	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	1216	!
	1217	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	1218	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	1219	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	1220
	1221	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1222	DO j = nys, nyn
	1223	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
[3864]	1224	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	1225	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
[2696]	1226	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	1227	ENDDO
[4302]	1228	!
	1229	!-- Check if resolved vegetation is mapped onto buildings.
[4314]	1230	!-- In general, this is allowed and also meaningful, e.g.
	1231	!-- when trees carry across roofs. However, due to the
	1232	!-- topography filtering, new building grid points can emerge
	1233	!-- at location where also plant canopy is defined. As a
	1234	!-- result, plant canopy is mapped on top of roofs, with
	1235	!-- siginficant impact on the downstream flow field and the
	1236	!-- nearby surface radiation. In order to avoid that
	1237	!-- plant canopy is mistakenly mapped onto building roofs,
	1238	!-- check for building grid points (bit 6) that emerge from
	1239	!-- the filtering (bit 4) and set LAD to zero at these
	1240	!-- artificially created building grid points. This case,
	1241	!-- an informative message is given.
[4302]	1242	IF ( ANY( lad_s(:,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) .AND. &
[4346]	1243	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	1244	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 4 ) ) ) THEN
[4302]	1245	lad_s(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
[4381]	1246	lad_on_top = .TRUE.
	1247	ENDIF
	1248	ENDDO
	1249	ENDDO
	1250	#if defined( __parallel )
	1251	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_on_top, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
	1252	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr)
	1253	#endif
	1254	IF ( lad_on_top ) THEN
	1255	WRITE( message_string, * ) &
[4314]	1256	'Resolved plant-canopy is ' // &
	1257	'defined on top of an artificially '// &
[4381]	1258	'created building grid point(s) ' // &
[4331]	1259	'(emerged from the filtering) - ' // &
[4381]	1260	'LAD profile is omitted at this / ' // &
	1261	'these grid point(s).'
	1262	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0313', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
	1263	ENDIF
[2696]	1264	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	1265	!
	1266	! ASCII file
[4342]	1267	!-- Initialize canopy parameters canopy_drag_coeff,
	1268	!-- leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, leaf_surface_conc
[2007]	1269	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	1270	!-- each location).
[2696]	1271	ELSE
	1272	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1273	ENDIF
[2007]	1274
[1484]	1275	CASE DEFAULT
	1276	!
[2007]	1277	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	1278	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	1279	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	1280	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	1281	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	1282	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	1283
	1284	END SELECT
[2696]	1285	!
[4258]	1286	!-- Check that at least one grid point has an LAD /= 0, else this may
	1287	!-- cause errors in the radiation model.
	1288	lad_max = MAXVAL( lad_s )
	1289	#if defined( __parallel )
	1290	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_max, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, &
	1291	comm2d, ierr)
	1292	#endif
	1293	IF ( lad_max <= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1294	message_string = 'Plant-canopy model is switched-on but no ' // &
	1295	'plant canopy is present in the model domain.'
	1296	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0685', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1297	ENDIF
	1298
	1299	!
[2696]	1300	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	1301	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1302	pch_index_ji = 0
[4187]	1303
[4361]	1304	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1305	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1306	DO k = 0, pch_index
	1307	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	1308	ENDDO
[1484]	1309	!
[2696]	1310	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	1311	!-- height of the model domain.
[4356]	1312	IF ( topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
[2696]	1313	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	1314	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
[4356]	1315	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, myid, 6, 0 )
[2696]	1316	ENDIF
	1317
	1318	ENDDO
	1319	ENDDO
[3497]	1320	!
[3449]	1321	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
[3497]	1322	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
	1323	!
[3449]	1324	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
	1325	#if defined( __parallel )
[3497]	1326	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1327	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
[3449]	1328	#endif
[4360]	1329	!
[4341]	1330	!-- Allocation of arrays pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate and pcm_latent_rate
	1331	ALLOCATE( pcm_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1332	pcm_heating_rate = 0.0_wp
[4221]	1333
[3449]	1334	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[4341]	1335	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1336	pcm_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
	1337	ALLOCATE( pcm_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1338	pcm_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
[3449]	1339	ENDIF
[2696]	1340	!
[2011]	1341	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	1342	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	1343	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	1344	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	1345	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	1346	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	1347	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	1348	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	1349	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	1350	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	1351	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
[4341]	1352	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pcm_heating_rate)
	1353	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pcm_transpiration_rate, pcm_latent_rate)
[3449]	1354	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
	1355	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2213]	1356
[3449]	1357	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	1358	!
[2011]	1359	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	1360	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	1361	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1362	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1363	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1364	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	1365	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	1366	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1367	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	1368	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1369	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1370	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1371	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1372	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1373	ELSE
	1374	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1375	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	1376	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	1377	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1378	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1379	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1380	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1381	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1382	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1383	ENDIF
	1384	ENDDO
	1385	ENDDO
	1386	ENDDO
	1387
[4278]	1388	!
[2232]	1389	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	1390	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	1391	!-- Start with default surface type
	1392	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
[4278]	1393	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
	1394	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
[2232]	1395	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1396	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1397	ENDDO
[1484]	1398	!
[2232]	1399	!-- Natural surfaces
	1400	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
[4278]	1401	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
	1402	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
[2232]	1403	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1404	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1405	ENDDO
	1406	!
	1407	!-- Urban surfaces
	1408	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
[4278]	1409	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
	1410	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
[2232]	1411	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1412	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1413	ENDDO
	1414	!
	1415	!
[2011]	1416	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	1417	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	1418	!-- canopy.
	1419	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
[4341]	1420	!-- rate (pcm_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
[2232]	1421	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	1422	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	1423	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1424	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1425	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1426	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[4341]	1427	pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
[3022]	1428	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
[2232]	1429	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	1430	ENDIF
	1431	ENDDO
[1721]	1432	ENDDO
	1433	ENDDO
[1484]	1434
	1435	ENDIF
	1436
[3885]	1437	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
[1484]	1438
[1826]	1439	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	1440
	1441
[2007]	1442	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1443	! Description:
	1444	! ------------
[2932]	1445	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	1446	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1447	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	1448
[2007]	1449	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1450
[2932]	1451	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	1452	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1453	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1454	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	1455	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1456	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1457	lai_beta, &
	1458	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1459	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1460	plant_canopy_transpiration
[2932]	1461
[2007]	1462	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1463	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1464	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1465	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1466	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1467	lai_beta, &
	1468	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1469	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1470	plant_canopy_transpiration
[3246]	1471
[2007]	1472	line = ' '
[3246]	1473
[2007]	1474	!
[4258]	1475	!-- Try to find plant-canopy model package
[2007]	1476	REWIND ( 11 )
	1477	line = ' '
[3248]	1478	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1479	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[2007]	1480	ENDDO
	1481	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1482
	1483	!
	1484	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1485	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
[2932]	1486
	1487	!
[4258]	1488	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2932]	1489	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
[3246]	1490
	1491	GOTO 14
	1492
	1493	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1494	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1495	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
[2932]	1496	!
	1497	!-- Try to find old namelist
[3246]	1498	12 REWIND ( 11 )
[2932]	1499	line = ' '
[3248]	1500	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1501	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
[2932]	1502	ENDDO
	1503	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1504
	1505	!
	1506	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1507	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
[2007]	1508
[2932]	1509	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
[3046]	1510	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	1511	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1512	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[3246]	1513
[2007]	1514	!
[4258]	1515	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2007]	1516	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1517
[3246]	1518	GOTO 14
[2007]	1519
[3246]	1520	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1521	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1522	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
[3246]	1523
	1524	14 CONTINUE
	1525
[2007]	1526	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1527
	1528
[1484]	1529	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1530	! Description:
	1531	! ------------
[2007]	1532	!
	1533	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1534	!>
	1535	!> num_levels
[2977]	1536	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1537	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1538	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1539	!> ...
	1540	!>
	1541	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1542	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1543	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1544	!>
	1545	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1546	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1547	!>
	1548	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1549	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1550	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1551	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1552
[4457]	1553	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
	1554	ONLY: exchange_horiz
	1555
[2213]	1556	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1557	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1558	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1559	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
[3337]	1560	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1561	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1562	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
[2213]	1563
	1564	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1565
[2213]	1566	!
	1567	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1568	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1569
	1570	!
	1571	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1572	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1573	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1574	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1575	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[3337]	1576	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
	1577	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
[2977]	1578	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1579
[2213]	1580	DO
[2977]	1581	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1582	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1583
	1584	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1585	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1586	!
[2977]	1587	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1588	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1589	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1590	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1591	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1592	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1593	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1594	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1595	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1596	ENDIF
[4168]	1597	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3337]	1598	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
[2977]	1599	CASE DEFAULT
	1600	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1601	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1602	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1603	END SELECT
[2213]	1604	ENDDO
[2007]	1605
[2213]	1606	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1607	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1608
[2213]	1609	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1610	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1611
	1612	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1613	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1614
	1615	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1616
	1617	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[4360]	1618
[2007]	1619	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1620	! Description:
	1621	! ------------
[4360]	1622	!> Subroutine reads local (subdomain) restart data
	1623	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1624	SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local( k, nxlf, nxlc, nxl_on_file, nxrf, nxrc, &
	1625	nxr_on_file, nynf, nync, nyn_on_file, nysf, &
[4361]	1626	nysc, nys_on_file, found )
[4360]	1627
	1628	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	1629	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
	1630	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
	1631	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
	1632	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
	1633	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
	1634	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
	1635	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
	1636	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
	1637	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
	1638	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
	1639	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
	1640	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
	1641
	1642	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
	1643
	1644	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:pch_index, &
	1645	nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp, &
	1646	nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) :: tmp_3d2 !< temporary 3D array for entire vertical
	1647	!< extension of canopy layer
	1648	found = .TRUE.
	1649
	1650	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
	1651
	1652	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
	1653	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	1654	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1655	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	1656	ENDIF
	1657	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
	1658	pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
	1659	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
	1660
	1661	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
	1662	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	1663	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1664	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	1665	ENDIF
	1666	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
	1667	pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
	1668	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
	1669
	1670	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
	1671	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	1672	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1673	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	1674	ENDIF
	1675	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
	1676	pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
	1677	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
	1678
	1679	CASE DEFAULT
	1680
	1681	found = .FALSE.
	1682
	1683	END SELECT
	1684
	1685	END SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local
	1686
	1687	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1688	! Description:
	1689	! ------------
[1682]	1690	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1691	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1692	!>
	1693	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1694	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1695	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1696	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1697	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1698	!>
	1699	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1700	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1701	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1702	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1703	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1704	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1705	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1706	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1707	!>
	1708	!>
	1709	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1710	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1711	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1712
[1682]	1713	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1714	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1715	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1716	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	1717	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1718
[4335]	1719	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
	1720	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
	1721	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
	1722	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
	1723
[1682]	1724	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1725	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1726	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1727	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1728	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1729	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1730
	1731
	1732	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1733
	1734	!
[1484]	1735	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1736	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1737
	1738	!
	1739	!-- u-component
	1740	CASE ( 1 )
	1741	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1742	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1743	!
[4335]	1744	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
	1745	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
	1746	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
	1747	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4346]	1748	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
	1749	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
	1750	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )&
	1751	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4335]	1752	!
[2232]	1753	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4341]	1754	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1755
[4341]	1756	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1757	!
	1758	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
[4335]	1759	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1760	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1761	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1762	!-- than inside of the canopy.
[1484]	1763	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
[4335]	1764	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	1765	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	1766	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	1767	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	1768	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	1769	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4335]	1770	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp &
	1771	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
	1772	!
	1773	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	1774	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	1775	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	1776	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	1777	!-- point (j,i-1).
	1778	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp &
	1779	.AND. building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1780
	1781	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1782	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1783	!
	1784	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	1785	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	1786	lad_local * &
	1787	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1788	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1789	v(k,j,i) + &
	1790	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1791	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1792	)**2 + &
	1793	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1794	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1795	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1796	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1797	)**2 &
	1798	) * &
	1799	u(k,j,i)
	1800
	1801	!
	1802	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1803	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1804	!
	1805	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1806	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1807	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1808	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1809	ENDIF
	1810	!
	1811	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1812	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1813
[138]	1814	ENDDO
	1815	ENDDO
	1816	ENDDO
	1817
	1818	!
	1819	!-- v-component
	1820	CASE ( 2 )
	1821	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1822	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1823	!
[4335]	1824	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
	1825	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
	1826	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
	1827	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4346]	1828	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
	1829	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
	1830	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )&
	1831	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4335]	1832	!
[2232]	1833	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4341]	1834	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1835
[4341]	1836	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1837	!
	1838	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
[4335]	1839	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1840	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1841	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1842	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1843	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1844	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	1845	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	1846	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	1847	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	1848	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	1849	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4335]	1850	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp &
	1851	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
	1852	!
	1853	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	1854	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	1855	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	1856	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	1857	!-- point (j,i-1).
	1858	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp &
	1859	.AND. building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1860
	1861	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1862	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1863	!
	1864	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	1865	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	1866	lad_local * &
	1867	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1868	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1869	u(k,j,i) + &
	1870	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1871	)**2 + &
	1872	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1873	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1874	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1875	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1876	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1877	)**2 &
	1878	) * &
	1879	v(k,j,i)
	1880
	1881	!
	1882	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1883	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1884	!
	1885	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1886	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1887	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1888	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1889	ELSE
	1890	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1891	ENDIF
	1892	!
	1893	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1894	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1895
[138]	1896	ENDDO
	1897	ENDDO
	1898	ENDDO
	1899
	1900	!
	1901	!-- w-component
	1902	CASE ( 3 )
	1903	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1904	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1905	!
	1906	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4341]	1907	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[2317]	1908
[4341]	1909	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1910
	1911	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1912	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1913	!
	1914	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	1915	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	1916	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1917	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1918	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1919	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1920	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1921	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1922	)**2 + &
	1923	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1924	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1925	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1926	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1927	)**2 + &
	1928	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1929	) * &
	1930	w(k,j,i)
	1931	!
	1932	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1933	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1934	!
	1935	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1936	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1937	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1938	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1939	ELSE
	1940	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1941	ENDIF
	1942	!
	1943	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1944	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1945
[138]	1946	ENDDO
	1947	ENDDO
	1948	ENDDO
	1949
	1950	!
[153]	1951	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1952	CASE ( 4 )
[3449]	1953	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1954	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1955	DO j = nys, nyn
	1956	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	1957	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1958	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1959	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	1960	ENDDO
[153]	1961	ENDDO
	1962	ENDDO
[3449]	1963	ELSE
	1964	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1965	DO j = nys, nyn
	1966	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	1967	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1968	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1969	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	1970	ENDDO
	1971	ENDDO
	1972	ENDDO
	1973	ENDIF
[153]	1974
	1975	!
[1960]	1976	!-- humidity
[153]	1977	CASE ( 5 )
	1978	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1979	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1980	!
	1981	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	1982	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1983
[4341]	1984	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2232]	1985
[3449]	1986	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
[4341]	1987	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
[3449]	1988	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	1989	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	1990	! in the plant canopy box
[4342]	1991	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
	1992	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1993	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1994	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1995	)**2 + &
	1996	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1997	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1998	)**2 + &
	1999	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2000	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2001	)**2 &
	2002	) * &
	2003	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[3449]	2004	ENDIF
	2005
[4341]	2006	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	2007	ENDDO
	2008	ENDDO
	2009	ENDDO
	2010
	2011	!
	2012	!-- sgs-tke
	2013	CASE ( 6 )
	2014	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2015	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	2016	!
	2017	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	2018	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2019
[4341]	2020	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	2021	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
[4342]	2022	2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1721]	2023	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	2024	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2025	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2026	)**2 + &
	2027	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2028	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2029	)**2 + &
	2030	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2031	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2032	)**2 &
	2033	) * &
	2034	e(k,j,i)
[138]	2035	ENDDO
	2036	ENDDO
	2037	ENDDO
[1960]	2038	!
	2039	!-- scalar concentration
	2040	CASE ( 7 )
	2041	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2042	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	2043	!
	2044	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	2045	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2046
[4341]	2047	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	2048	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
[4342]	2049	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
[1960]	2050	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2051	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2052	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2053	)**2 + &
	2054	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2055	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2056	)**2 + &
	2057	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2058	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2059	)**2 &
	2060	) * &
[4342]	2061	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[1960]	2062	ENDDO
	2063	ENDDO
	2064	ENDDO
[1484]	2065
	2066
[1960]	2067
[138]	2068	CASE DEFAULT
	2069
[257]	2070	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	2071	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2072
	2073	END SELECT
	2074
[1826]	2075	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	2076
	2077
	2078	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	2079	! Description:
	2080	! ------------
[1682]	2081	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	2082	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	2083	!>
	2084	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	2085	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	2086	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	2087	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	2088	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	2089	!>
	2090	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	2091	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	2092	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	2093	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	2094	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	2095	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	2096	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	2097	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	2098	!>
	2099	!>
	2100	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	2101	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	2102	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	2103
[1682]	2104	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	2105	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2106	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2107	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	2108	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	2109
[4314]	2110	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
	2111	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
	2112	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
	2113	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
	2114
[1682]	2115	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	2116	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	2117	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	2118	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	2119	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	2120	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	2121
	2122
	2123	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	2124	!
[1484]	2125	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	2126	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	2127
	2128	!
[142]	2129	!-- u-component
[1484]	2130	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	2131	!
[4314]	2132	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
	2133	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
	2134	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
	2135	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4346]	2136	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2137	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
	2138	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2139	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4314]	2140	!
[2232]	2141	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4341]	2142	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2143
[4341]	2144	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2145
	2146	!
[1484]	2147	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	2148	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	2149	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	2150	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	2151	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	2152	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
[4314]	2153	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	2154	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	2155	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	2156	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	2157	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	2158	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4314]	2159	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2160	.NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
	2161	!
	2162	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	2163	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	2164	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	2165	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	2166	!-- point (j,i-1).
	2167	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2168	building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	2169
	2170	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2171	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	2172	!
	2173	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	2174	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	2175	lad_local * &
	2176	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2177	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	2178	v(k,j,i) + &
	2179	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2180	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	2181	)**2 + &
	2182	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	2183	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2184	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	2185	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2186	)**2 &
	2187	) * &
	2188	u(k,j,i)
	2189
	2190	!
	2191	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2192	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2193	!
	2194	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2195	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2196	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	2197	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2198	ELSE
	2199	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2200	ENDIF
	2201	!
	2202	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2203	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2204	ENDDO
	2205
	2206
	2207	!
[142]	2208	!-- v-component
[1484]	2209	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	2210	!
[4314]	2211	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
	2212	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
	2213	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
	2214	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4346]	2215	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2216	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
	2217	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2218	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4314]	2219	!
[2232]	2220	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4341]	2221	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	2222
[4341]	2223	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2224	!
[1484]	2225	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	2226	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	2227	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	2228	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	2229	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	2230	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
[4314]	2231	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	2232	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	2233	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	2234	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	2235	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	2236	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4314]	2237	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2238	.NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
	2239	!
	2240	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	2241	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	2242	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	2243	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	2244	!-- point (j,i-1).
	2245	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2246	building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	2247
	2248	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2249	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	2250	!
	2251	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	2252	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	2253	lad_local * &
	2254	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	2255	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	2256	u(k,j,i) + &
	2257	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2258	)**2 + &
	2259	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2260	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	2261	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2262	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	2263	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2264	)**2 &
	2265	) * &
	2266	v(k,j,i)
	2267
	2268	!
	2269	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2270	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2271	!
	2272	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2273	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2274	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	2275	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2276	ELSE
	2277	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2278	ENDIF
	2279	!
	2280	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2281	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2282	ENDDO
	2283
	2284
	2285	!
[142]	2286	!-- w-component
[1484]	2287	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	2288	!
	2289	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4341]	2290	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[2317]	2291
[4341]	2292	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2293
[1484]	2294	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2295	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	2296	!
[1484]	2297	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	2298	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	2299	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	2300	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	2301	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2302	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	2303	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	2304	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	2305	)**2 + &
	2306	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2307	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2308	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	2309	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	2310	)**2 + &
	2311	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	2312	) * &
	2313	w(k,j,i)
	2314	!
	2315	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2316	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2317	!
	2318	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2319	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2320	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	2321	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2322	ELSE
	2323	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2324	ENDIF
	2325	!
	2326	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2327	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2328	ENDDO
	2329
	2330	!
[153]	2331	!-- potential temperature
	2332	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	2333	!
	2334	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[3449]	2335	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[4341]	2336	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2337	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2338	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
	2339	pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2340	ENDDO
	2341	ELSE
[4341]	2342	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2343	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2344	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2345	ENDDO
	2346	ENDIF
[153]	2347
	2348	!
[1960]	2349	!-- humidity
[153]	2350	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	2351	!
	2352	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4341]	2353	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2354	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3449]	2355	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
[4341]	2356	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
[3449]	2357	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	2358	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	2359	! in the plant canopy box
[4342]	2360	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
[3582]	2361	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2362	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2363	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2364	)**2 + &
	2365	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2366	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2367	)**2 + &
	2368	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2369	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2370	)**2 &
	2371	) * &
[4342]	2372	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[3449]	2373	ENDIF
[2232]	2374
[4341]	2375	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[3014]	2376
[153]	2377	ENDDO
	2378
	2379	!
[142]	2380	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	2381	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	2382	!
	2383	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4341]	2384	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2385
[4341]	2386	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[1484]	2387	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
[4342]	2388	2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1721]	2389	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	2390	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2391	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2392	)**2 + &
	2393	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2394	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2395	)**2 + &
	2396	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2397	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2398	)**2 &
	2399	) * &
	2400	e(k,j,i)
	2401	ENDDO
[1960]	2402
	2403	!
	2404	!-- scalar concentration
	2405	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	2406	!
	2407	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4341]	2408	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2409
[4341]	2410	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[1960]	2411	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
[4342]	2412	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
[1960]	2413	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2414	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2415	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2416	)**2 + &
	2417	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2418	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2419	)**2 + &
	2420	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2421	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2422	)**2 &
	2423	) * &
[4342]	2424	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[1960]	2425	ENDDO
[138]	2426
[142]	2427	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	2428
[257]	2429	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	2430	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2431
[142]	2432	END SELECT
[138]	2433
[1826]	2434	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	2435
[4360]	2436	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2437	! Description:
	2438	! ------------
	2439	!> Subroutine writes local (subdomain) restart data
	2440	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2441	SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
[2007]	2442
[4495]	2443	IF ( TRIM( restart_data_format_output ) == 'fortran_binary' ) THEN
[4360]	2444
[4495]	2445	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	2446	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
	2447	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_heatrate_av
	2448	ENDIF
[4360]	2449
[4495]	2450	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	2451	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
	2452	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_latentrate_av
	2453	ENDIF
	2454
	2455	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	2456	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
	2457	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_transpirationrate_av
	2458	ENDIF
	2459
	2460	ELSEIF ( TRIM( restart_data_format_output ) == 'mpi' ) THEN
	2461
	2462	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'pcm_heatrate_av', pcm_heatrate_av )
	2463	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	2464	CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'pcm_latentrate_av', pcm_latentrate_av )
	2465	ENDIF
	2466	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	2467	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av', pcm_transpirationrate_av )
	2468	ENDIF
	2469
[4360]	2470	ENDIF
	2471
	2472	END SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
	2473
	2474
[138]	2475	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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