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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4436

Last change on this file since 4436 was 4392, checked in by pavelkrc, 5 years ago
Merge branch resler (updated documentation, optional flux tracing, bugfix)
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 110.1 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[4360]	17	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[4392]	18	! Copyright 2017-2020 Institute of Computer Science of the
[3885]	19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
[2000]	20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	21	!
[257]	22	! Current revisions:
[2977]	23	! ------------------
[2214]	24	!
[4226]	25	!
[2214]	26	! Former revisions:
	27	! -----------------
	28	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4392 2020-01-31 16:14:57Z oliver.maas $
[4392]	29	! (resler) Make pcm_heatrate_av, pcm_latentrate_av public to allow calculation
	30	! of averaged Bowen ratio in the user procedure
	31	!
	32	! 4381 2020-01-20 13:51:46Z suehring
[4381]	33	! Give error message 313 only once
	34	!
	35	! 4363 2020-01-07 18:11:28Z suehring
[4363]	36	! Fix for last commit
	37	!
	38	! 4362 2020-01-07 17:15:02Z suehring
[4362]	39	! Input of plant canopy variables from static driver moved to plant-canopy
	40	! model
	41	!
	42	! 4361 2020-01-07 12:22:38Z suehring
[4361]	43	! - Remove unused arrays in pmc_rrd_local
	44	! - Remove one exchange of ghost points
	45	!
	46	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
[4360]	47	! - Bugfix, read restart data for time-averaged pcm output quantities
	48	! - Output of plant-canopy quantities will fill values
	49	!
	50	! 4356 2019-12-20 17:09:33Z suehring
[4356]	51	! Correct single message call, local check must be given by the respective
	52	! mpi rank.
	53	!
	54	! 4346 2019-12-18 11:55:56Z motisi
[4346]	55	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
	56	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
	57	!
	58	! 4342 2019-12-16 13:49:14Z Giersch
[4342]	59	! Use statements moved to module level, ocean dependency removed, redundant
	60	! variables removed
	61	!
	62	! 4341 2019-12-16 10:43:49Z motisi
[4341]	63	! - Unification of variable names: pc_-variables now pcm_-variables
	64	! (pc_latent_rate, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate)
	65	! - Removal of pcm_bowenratio output
	66	! - Renamed canopy-mode 'block' to 'homogeneous'
	67	! - Renamed value 'read_from_file_3d' to 'read_from_file'
	68	! - Removal of confusing comment lines
	69	! - Replacement of k_wall by topo_top_ind
	70	! - Removal of Else-Statement in tendency-calculation
	71	!
	72	! 4335 2019-12-12 16:39:05Z suehring
[4335]	73	! Fix for LAD at building edges also implemented in vector branch.
	74	!
	75	! 4331 2019-12-10 18:25:02Z suehring
[4331]	76	! Typo corrected
	77	!
	78	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
[4329]	79	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
	80	!
	81	! 4314 2019-11-29 10:29:20Z suehring
[4314]	82	! - Bugfix, plant canopy was still considered at building edges on for the u-
	83	! and v-component.
	84	! - Relax restriction of LAD on building tops. LAD is only omitted at
	85	! locations where building grid points emerged artificially by the
	86	! topography filtering.
	87	!
	88	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
[4309]	89	! Typo
	90	!
	91	! 4302 2019-11-22 13:15:56Z suehring
[4302]	92	! Omit tall canopy mapped on top of buildings
	93	!
	94	! 4279 2019-10-29 08:48:17Z scharf
[4279]	95	! unused variables removed
	96	!
	97	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z scharf
[4278]	98	! changed check for static driver and fixed bugs in initialization and header
	99	!
	100	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z suehring
[4258]	101	! Check if any LAD is prescribed when plant-canopy model is applied.
	102	!
	103	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
[4226]	104	! Bugfix, missing initialization of heating rate
	105	!
	106	! 4221 2019-09-09 08:50:35Z suehring
[4220]	107	! Further bugfix in 3d data output for plant canopy
	108	!
	109	! 4216 2019-09-04 09:09:03Z suehring
[4216]	110	! Bugfixes in 3d data output
	111	!
	112	! 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring
[4205]	113	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
	114	!
	115	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
[4188]	116	! Minor adjustment in error number
	117	!
	118	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
[4187]	119	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
	120	!
	121	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	122	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	123	!
	124	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
[4168]	125	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
	126	!
	127	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
[4127]	128	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
	129	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
	130	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
	131	! (merge from branch resler)
	132	!
	133	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	134	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	135	! of additional debug messages
	136	!
	137	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
[3761]	138	! unsed variables removed
	139	!
	140	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
[3745]	141	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
	142	! becomes > 40 degrees
	143	!
	144	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
[3685]	145	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	146	!
	147	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3614]	148	! unused variables removed
[3498]	149	!
[4182]	150	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	151	! Initial revision
	152	!
[138]	153	! Description:
	154	! ------------
[1682]	155	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	156	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	157	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	158	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[3744]	159	!
	160	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
[4216]	161	! @todo - unify variable names (pcm_, pc_, ...)
[138]	162	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	163	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
[4360]	164
[1484]	165	USE arrays_3d, &
[3449]	166	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	167
[3449]	168	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	169	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
[4360]	170
[4342]	171	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	172	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
[3449]	173
[3885]	174	USE control_parameters, &
[4360]	175	ONLY: average_count_3d, &
	176	coupling_char, &
	177	debug_output, &
	178	dt_3d, &
	179	dz, &
	180	humidity, &
	181	length, &
	182	message_string, &
	183	ocean_mode, &
	184	passive_scalar, &
	185	plant_canopy, &
	186	restart_string, &
	187	urban_surface
	188
[4342]	189	USE grid_variables, &
	190	ONLY: dx, dy
[3449]	191
[1484]	192	USE indices, &
	193	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[4346]	194	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind, wall_flags_total_0
[1484]	195
	196	USE kinds
[4360]	197
[4342]	198	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
[4362]	199	ONLY: input_pids_static, &
	200	char_fill, &
	201	check_existence, &
	202	close_input_file, &
	203	get_attribute, &
	204	get_dimension_length, &
	205	get_variable, &
	206	inquire_num_variables, &
	207	inquire_variable_names, &
	208	input_file_static, &
	209	num_var_pids, &
	210	open_read_file, &
	211	pids_id, &
	212	real_3d, &
	213	vars_pids
[1484]	214
[3449]	215	USE pegrid
[4360]	216
[4342]	217	USE surface_mod, &
	218	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[3449]	219
[1484]	220
	221	IMPLICIT NONE
	222
[4341]	223	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' !< canopy coverage
[3449]	224	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
	225	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
	226	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
[1484]	227
[3449]	228	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	229	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	230
[3449]	231	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
[2696]	232
[3449]	233	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	234
[2696]	235	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	236	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	237	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	238	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	239	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	240	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	241	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	242	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	243	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	244	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[1484]	245
[2696]	246	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	247	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	248
[2977]	249	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	250	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	251
[1682]	252	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	254
[4127]	255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
[4341]	257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
	258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
	259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
[1484]	260
[4127]	261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
	262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
	263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
	264
[4362]	265	TYPE(real_3d) :: basal_area_density_f !< input variable for basal area density - resolved vegetation
	266	TYPE(real_3d) :: leaf_area_density_f !< input variable for leaf area density - resolved vegetation
	267	TYPE(real_3d) :: root_area_density_lad_f !< input variable for root area density - resolved vegetation
	268
[1484]	269	SAVE
	270
[138]	271	PRIVATE
[4342]	272
[1826]	273	!
	274	!-- Public functions
[4360]	275	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, &
	276	pcm_check_data_output, &
	277	pcm_check_parameters, &
	278	pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
	279	pcm_data_output_3d, &
	280	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
	281	pcm_header, &
	282	pcm_init, &
	283	pcm_parin, &
	284	pcm_rrd_local, &
	285	pcm_tendency, &
	286	pcm_wrd_local
[138]	287
[1826]	288	!
	289	!-- Public variables and constants
[4342]	290	PUBLIC canopy_drag_coeff, pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate, &
	291	pcm_latent_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
[4392]	292	pch_index, plant_canopy_transpiration, &
	293	pcm_heatrate_av, pcm_latentrate_av
[1484]	294
[3449]	295	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	296	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	297	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	298
[2209]	299	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	300	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	301	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	302
[1826]	303	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	304	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	305	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	306
[4127]	307	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	308	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	309	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	310
[2209]	311	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	312	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	313	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	314
	315	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	316	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	317	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	318
	319	INTERFACE pcm_header
	320	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	321	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	322
	323	INTERFACE pcm_init
	324	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	325	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	326
[1826]	327	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	328	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	329	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	330
	331	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	332	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	333	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[4360]	334
	335	INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
	336	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_rrd_local
	337	END INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
	338
[1826]	339	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	340	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	341	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	342	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	343
[4360]	344	INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
	345	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_wrd_local
	346	END INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
[1484]	347
[4360]	348
[138]	349	CONTAINS
[4342]	350
	351
[2209]	352	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	353	! Description:
	354	! ------------
[3449]	355	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
	356	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
	357	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
	358	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
	359	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
	360	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
	361	!> Tree Physiology 20).
	362	!>
	363	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
	364	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
	365	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
	366	!>
	367	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	368	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
	369
[4342]	370	!
[3449]	371	!-- input parameters
[4205]	372	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
	373	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
	374	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
	375	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
	376	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
[3449]	377
	378	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
[4205]	379	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
	380	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
	381	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
	382	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
	383	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
	384	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	385	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	386	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	387	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
	388	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
[3449]	389
	390
	391	!-- Temperature (deg C)
	392	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
	393	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
[4205]	394	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
[3449]	395	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
	396	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
	397	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
	398	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
	399	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
	400	!-- Wind speed
[3744]	401	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
[4205]	402	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
	403	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
[3449]	404	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
	405	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
	406	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
	407	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
	408	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
	409	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
[4205]	410	f1 = rad * (1000.0_wp+42.1_wp) / 1000.0_wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
[3449]	411	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
	412	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
[3744]	413	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
[3449]	414	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
	415	!-- Water pressure deficit
	416	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
	417	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
	418	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
	419	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
	420	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
	421	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
	422	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
[4205]	423	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
[3449]	424	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
	425	!-- Residual soil water content
	426	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
	427	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
	428	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
	429	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
[4205]	430	f4 = MAX(0.0_wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
[3449]	431	!-- Stomatal conductivity
	432	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
	433	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
[4205]	434	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
[3449]	435	!-- Decoupling factor
	436	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
[4205]	437	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
	438	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
[3449]	439	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
	440	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
	441	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
	442	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
	443	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
	444	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
	445	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
	446	!-- Evaporation rate
	447	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
	448	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
	449	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
	450	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
	451	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
	452	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
	453	!-- latent heat from evaporation
	454	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
	455
	456	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	457
	458
	459	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	460	! Description:
	461	! ------------
[2209]	462	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	463	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	464	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[4279]	465
[2209]	466	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	467	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	468
	469
	470	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	471
	472	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	473	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	474	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	475	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	476	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	477	ENDIF
[2209]	478	unit = 'K s-1'
	479
[3014]	480	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	481	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	482
[3449]	483	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	484	unit = 'K s-1'
	485
[2209]	486	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	487	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	488
	489
	490	CASE DEFAULT
	491	unit = 'illegal'
	492
	493	END SELECT
	494
	495
	496	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	497
	498
[1826]	499	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	500	! Description:
	501	! ------------
	502	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	503	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	504	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[4342]	505
	506	IF ( ocean_mode ) THEN
	507	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. is not allowed in the '// &
	508	'ocean'
	509	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0696', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	510	ENDIF
	511
[1826]	512	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	513	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
[3046]	514	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	515	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	516	ENDIF
[4279]	517
[3045]	518	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
[1826]	519	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	520	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	521	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	522	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	523	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	524	ENDIF
[4279]	525
[1826]	526	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	527	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	528	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	529	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	530	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	531	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	532	ENDIF
	533
	534	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	535	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	536	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	537	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	538	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	539	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	540	'density profile'
[2768]	541	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	542	ENDIF
	543
[3274]	544	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
[1826]	545	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	546	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	547	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	548	ENDIF
[2696]	549	!
[4278]	550	!-- If canopy shall be read from file, static input file must be present
[4341]	551	IF ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) == 'read_from_file' .AND. &
[4278]	552	.NOT. input_pids_static ) THEN
[4341]	553	message_string = 'canopy_mode = read_from_file requires ' // &
[4278]	554	'static input file'
[4188]	555	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0672', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	556	ENDIF
[1826]	557
	558	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	559
	560
[138]	561	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	562	!
[1484]	563	! Description:
	564	! ------------
[4127]	565	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
[2209]	566	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4216]	567	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
[4127]	568
	569	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
	570	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	571
	572	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	573	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	574	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	575
	576
	577	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
	578
	579	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	580
	581	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	582	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	583	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	584	ENDIF
	585	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	586
	587
	588	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	589	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	590	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	591	ENDIF
	592	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	593
	594
	595	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	596	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	597	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	598	ENDIF
	599	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	600
	601	CASE DEFAULT
	602	CONTINUE
	603
	604	END SELECT
	605
	606	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
	607
	608	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	609
	610	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	611	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	612	DO i = nxl, nxr
	613	DO j = nys, nyn
	614	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	615	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4341]	616	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
[4127]	617	ENDDO
	618	ENDIF
	619	ENDDO
	620	ENDDO
	621	ENDIF
	622
	623
	624	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	625	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	626	DO i = nxl, nxr
	627	DO j = nys, nyn
	628	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	629	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4341]	630	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4127]	631	ENDDO
	632	ENDIF
	633	ENDDO
	634	ENDDO
	635	ENDIF
	636
	637
	638	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	639	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	640	DO i = nxl, nxr
	641	DO j = nys, nyn
	642	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	643	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4341]	644	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
[4127]	645	ENDDO
	646	ENDIF
	647	ENDDO
	648	ENDDO
	649	ENDIF
	650
	651	CASE DEFAULT
	652	CONTINUE
	653
	654	END SELECT
	655
	656	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
	657
	658	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	659
	660	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	661	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	662	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	663	DO j = nysg, nyng
	664	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	665	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	666	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
	667	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	668	ENDDO
	669	ENDIF
	670	ENDDO
	671	ENDDO
	672	ENDIF
	673
	674
	675	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	676	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	677	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	678	DO j = nysg, nyng
	679	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	680	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	681	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
	682	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	683	ENDDO
	684	ENDIF
	685	ENDDO
	686	ENDDO
	687	ENDIF
	688
	689
	690	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	691	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	692	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	693	DO j = nysg, nyng
	694	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	695	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	696	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
	697	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	698	ENDDO
	699	ENDIF
	700	ENDDO
	701	ENDDO
	702	ENDIF
	703
	704	END SELECT
	705
	706	ENDIF
	707
[4216]	708	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
[4127]	709
	710	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	711	!
	712	! Description:
	713	! ------------
	714	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
	715	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
	716	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
	717	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
	718	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	719	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	720	nzb_do, nzt_do )
[2209]	721
[4216]	722	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< treated variable
[2209]	723
[4216]	724	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< flag indicating instantaneous or averaged data output
	725	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x-direction
	726	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y-direction
	727	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z-direction
[3014]	728	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	729	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	730
[4216]	731	LOGICAL :: found !< flag indicating if variable is found
[2209]	732
[4216]	733	REAL(wp) :: fill_value !< fill value
	734	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !< data output array
[2209]	735
	736
	737	found = .TRUE.
	738
[2696]	739	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	740
	741	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
[4216]	742	!
	743	!-- Note, to save memory arrays for heating are allocated from 0:pch_index.
	744	!-- Thus, output must be relative to these array indices. Further, check
	745	!-- whether the output is within the vertical output range,
[4220]	746	!-- i.e. nzb_do:nzt_do, which is necessary as local_pf is only allocated
	747	!-- for this index space. Note, plant-canopy output has a separate
	748	!-- vertical output coordinate zlad, so that output is mapped down to the
	749	!-- surface.
[4127]	750	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	751	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	752	DO i = nxl, nxr
	753	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	754	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4341]	755	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	756	ENDDO
[4127]	757	ENDDO
	758	ENDDO
	759	ELSE
	760	DO i = nxl, nxr
	761	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	762	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	763	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	764	ENDDO
	765	ENDDO
	766	ENDDO
	767	ENDIF
[3449]	768
	769	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
[4127]	770	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	771	DO i = nxl, nxr
	772	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	773	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4341]	774	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	775	ENDDO
[4127]	776	ENDDO
	777	ENDDO
	778	ELSE
	779	DO i = nxl, nxr
	780	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	781	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	782	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	783	ENDDO
	784	ENDDO
	785	ENDDO
	786	ENDIF
[3449]	787
[4127]	788	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	789	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	790	DO i = nxl, nxr
	791	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	792	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4341]	793	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	794	ENDDO
[4127]	795	ENDDO
	796	ENDDO
	797	ELSE
	798	DO i = nxl, nxr
	799	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	800	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	801	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	802	ENDDO
	803	ENDDO
	804	ENDDO
	805	ENDIF
	806
	807	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	808	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	809	DO i = nxl, nxr
	810	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	811	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	812	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
[4216]	813	ENDDO
[4127]	814	ENDDO
	815	ENDDO
	816	ENDIF
	817
[2209]	818	CASE DEFAULT
	819	found = .FALSE.
	820
	821	END SELECT
	822
	823	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	824
	825	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	826	!
	827	! Description:
	828	! ------------
	829	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	830	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	831	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	832	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	833
	834	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	835	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	836	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	837	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	838	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	839
	840	found = .TRUE.
	841
	842	!
[4342]	843	!-- Check for the grid. zpc is zu(nzb:nzb+pch_index)
[2209]	844	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	845
[4341]	846	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate')
[2209]	847	grid_x = 'x'
	848	grid_y = 'y'
[4127]	849	grid_z = 'zpc'
[2209]	850
	851	CASE DEFAULT
	852	found = .FALSE.
	853	grid_x = 'none'
	854	grid_y = 'none'
	855	grid_z = 'none'
	856	END SELECT
	857
	858	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	859
	860
	861	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	862	! Description:
	863	! ------------
[1826]	864	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	865	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4362]	866	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
[1826]	867
[4362]	868	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
[1826]	869
[4362]	870	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	871	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	872	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	873	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
[1826]	874
[4362]	875	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	876	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	877	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	878
	879	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	880
	881	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1826]	882
[4362]	883	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	884	canopy_drag_coeff
	885	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	886	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	887	leaf_surface_conc
	888	ENDIF
[1826]	889
	890	!
[4362]	891	! Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	892	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
[1826]	893
	894	!
[4362]	895	! Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	896	! gradients or from beta probability density function.
	897	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
[1826]	898
[4362]	899	! Building output strings, starting with surface value
	900	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	901	gradients = '------'
	902	slices = ' 0'
	903	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	904	DO i = 1, UBOUND(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind, DIM=1)
	905	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) /= -9999 ) THEN
[1826]	906
[4362]	907	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	908	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	909
[4362]	910	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	911	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	912
[4362]	913	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	914	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	915
[4362]	916	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	917	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	918	ELSE
	919	EXIT
	920	ENDIF
	921	ENDDO
[1826]	922
[4362]	923	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	924	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
[1826]	925
[4362]	926	ELSE
	927
	928	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	929	coordinates = ' 0.0'
[1826]	930
[4362]	931	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1826]	932
[4362]	933	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	934	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	935	TRIM( coor_chr )
	936
	937	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	938	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	939
	940	ENDDO
	941
	942	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	943	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
[1826]	944
[4362]	945	ENDIF
[1826]	946
[4362]	947	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
[1826]	948	' ------------------------------'// &
	949	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	950	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	951	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
[4362]	952	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
[1826]	953	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
[4362]	954	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ', &
	955	F6.2, ' K m/s')
	956	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
[1826]	957	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	958	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	959	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	960	' Gridpoint: ',A)
[4362]	961	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
[1826]	962	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	963	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	964	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	965	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	966	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	967
	968	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	969
	970
	971	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	972	! Description:
	973	! ------------
[1682]	974	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	975	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	976	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	977
[2007]	978	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	979	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	980	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	981	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	982
[4381]	983	LOGICAL :: lad_on_top = .FALSE. !< dummy flag to indicate that LAD is defined on a building roof
	984
[4258]	985	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[2007]	986	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
[4258]	987	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	988	REAL(wp) :: lad_max !< maximum LAD value in the model domain, used to perform a check
[3241]	989
[3885]	990	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
[1484]	991	!
	992	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	993	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	994	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	995	lad = 0.0_wp
	996	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	997
	998	!
[1826]	999	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	1000	!-- a beta probability density function
	1001	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1002	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	1003	ENDIF
	1004
	1005
	1006	!
[1484]	1007	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	1008	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	1009	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	1010	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	1011	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	1012	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	1013
	1014	!
	1015	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	1016	i = 1
	1017	gradient = 0.0_wp
	1018
[4342]	1019	lad(0) = lad_surface
	1020	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
[1484]	1021
[4342]	1022	DO k = 1, pch_index
	1023	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	1024	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	1025	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1026	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	1027	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	1028	i = i + 1
[1484]	1029	ENDIF
[4342]	1030	ENDIF
	1031	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1032	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	1033	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
[1484]	1034	ELSE
[4342]	1035	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
[1484]	1036	ENDIF
[4342]	1037	ELSE
	1038	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	1039	ENDIF
	1040	ENDDO
[1484]	1041
	1042	!
	1043	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	1044	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	1045	!-- file.
	1046	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1047	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	1048	ENDIF
	1049
	1050	ELSE
	1051
	1052	!
	1053	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	1054	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
[3065]	1055	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1484]	1056
[2232]	1057	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	1058	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	1059	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1060	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1061	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1062	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	1063	ENDDO
	1064
	1065	!
	1066	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	1067	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	1068	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	1069	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1070	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1071	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	1072	) / canopy_height
[1484]	1073	ENDDO
	1074
	1075	!
	1076	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	1077	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	1078	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	1079	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	1080	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	1081	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
[4302]	1082	ENDDO
[1484]	1083
	1084	ENDIF
	1085
	1086	!
[2213]	1087	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	1088	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1089
	1090	!
	1091	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
[4341]	1092	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' initializes a canopy, which
[1484]	1093	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	1094	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	1095
[4341]	1096	CASE( 'homogeneous' )
[1484]	1097
	1098	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1099	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1100	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	1101	ENDDO
	1102	ENDDO
	1103
[4341]	1104	CASE ( 'read_from_file' )
[2007]	1105	!
[4362]	1106	!-- Read plant canopy
	1107	IF ( input_pids_static ) THEN
	1108	!
	1109	!-- Open the static input file
	1110	#if defined( __netcdf )
	1111	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	1112	TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1113	pids_id )
	1114
	1115	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
	1116	!
	1117	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them
	1118	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
	1119	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
	1120	!
	1121	!-- Read leaf area density - resolved vegetation
	1122	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'lad' ) ) THEN
	1123	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
	1124	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
	1125	leaf_area_density_f%fill, &
	1126	.FALSE., 'lad' )
	1127	!
	1128	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
	1129	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
	1130	leaf_area_density_f%nz, &
	1131	'zlad' )
	1132	!
	1133	!-- Allocate variable for leaf-area density
	1134	ALLOCATE( leaf_area_density_f%var &
	1135	(0:leaf_area_density_f%nz-1, &
	1136	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
	1137
	1138	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'lad', leaf_area_density_f%var, &
	1139	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
	1140	0, leaf_area_density_f%nz-1 )
	1141
	1142	ELSE
	1143	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
	1144	ENDIF
	1145	!
	1146	!-- Read basal area density - resolved vegetation
	1147	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'bad' ) ) THEN
	1148	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
	1149	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
	1150	basal_area_density_f%fill, &
	1151	.FALSE., 'bad' )
	1152	!
	1153	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
	1154	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
	1155	basal_area_density_f%nz, &
	1156	'zlad' )
	1157	!
	1158	!-- Allocate variable
	1159	ALLOCATE( basal_area_density_f%var &
	1160	(0:basal_area_density_f%nz-1, &
	1161	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
	1162
	1163	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'bad', basal_area_density_f%var,&
	1164	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
	1165	0, basal_area_density_f%nz-1 )
	1166	ELSE
	1167	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
	1168	ENDIF
	1169	!
	1170	!-- Read root area density - resolved vegetation
	1171	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'root_area_dens_r' ) ) THEN
	1172	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .TRUE.
	1173	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
	1174	root_area_density_lad_f%fill, &
	1175	.FALSE., 'root_area_dens_r' )
	1176	!
	1177	!-- Inquire number of vertical soil layers
	1178	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
	1179	root_area_density_lad_f%nz, &
	1180	'zsoil' )
	1181	!
	1182	!-- Allocate variable
	1183	ALLOCATE( root_area_density_lad_f%var &
	1184	(0:root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1,&
	1185	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
	1186
	1187	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'root_area_dens_r', &
	1188	root_area_density_lad_f%var, &
	1189	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
	1190	0, root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1 )
	1191	ELSE
	1192	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .FALSE.
	1193	ENDIF
	1194
	1195	DEALLOCATE( vars_pids )
	1196	!
[4363]	1197	!-- Finally, close the input file and deallocate temporary array
	1198	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
[4362]	1199	#endif
[4363]	1200	ENDIF
	1201
[4362]	1202	!
[2696]	1203	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	1204	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	1205	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	1206	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	1207	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1208	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	1209	!
	1210	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	1211	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	1212	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	1213
	1214	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1215	DO j = nys, nyn
	1216	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
[3864]	1217	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	1218	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
[2696]	1219	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	1220	ENDDO
[4302]	1221	!
	1222	!-- Check if resolved vegetation is mapped onto buildings.
[4314]	1223	!-- In general, this is allowed and also meaningful, e.g.
	1224	!-- when trees carry across roofs. However, due to the
	1225	!-- topography filtering, new building grid points can emerge
	1226	!-- at location where also plant canopy is defined. As a
	1227	!-- result, plant canopy is mapped on top of roofs, with
	1228	!-- siginficant impact on the downstream flow field and the
	1229	!-- nearby surface radiation. In order to avoid that
	1230	!-- plant canopy is mistakenly mapped onto building roofs,
	1231	!-- check for building grid points (bit 6) that emerge from
	1232	!-- the filtering (bit 4) and set LAD to zero at these
	1233	!-- artificially created building grid points. This case,
	1234	!-- an informative message is given.
[4302]	1235	IF ( ANY( lad_s(:,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) .AND. &
[4346]	1236	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	1237	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 4 ) ) ) THEN
[4302]	1238	lad_s(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
[4381]	1239	lad_on_top = .TRUE.
	1240	ENDIF
	1241	ENDDO
	1242	ENDDO
	1243	#if defined( __parallel )
	1244	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_on_top, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
	1245	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr)
	1246	#endif
	1247	IF ( lad_on_top ) THEN
	1248	WRITE( message_string, * ) &
[4314]	1249	'Resolved plant-canopy is ' // &
	1250	'defined on top of an artificially '// &
[4381]	1251	'created building grid point(s) ' // &
[4331]	1252	'(emerged from the filtering) - ' // &
[4381]	1253	'LAD profile is omitted at this / ' // &
	1254	'these grid point(s).'
	1255	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0313', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
	1256	ENDIF
[2696]	1257	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	1258	!
	1259	! ASCII file
[4342]	1260	!-- Initialize canopy parameters canopy_drag_coeff,
	1261	!-- leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, leaf_surface_conc
[2007]	1262	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	1263	!-- each location).
[2696]	1264	ELSE
	1265	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1266	ENDIF
[2007]	1267
[1484]	1268	CASE DEFAULT
	1269	!
[2007]	1270	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	1271	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	1272	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	1273	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	1274	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	1275	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	1276
	1277	END SELECT
[2696]	1278	!
[4258]	1279	!-- Check that at least one grid point has an LAD /= 0, else this may
	1280	!-- cause errors in the radiation model.
	1281	lad_max = MAXVAL( lad_s )
	1282	#if defined( __parallel )
	1283	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_max, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, &
	1284	comm2d, ierr)
	1285	#endif
	1286	IF ( lad_max <= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1287	message_string = 'Plant-canopy model is switched-on but no ' // &
	1288	'plant canopy is present in the model domain.'
	1289	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0685', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1290	ENDIF
	1291
	1292	!
[2696]	1293	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	1294	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1295	pch_index_ji = 0
[4187]	1296
[4361]	1297	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1298	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1299	DO k = 0, pch_index
	1300	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	1301	ENDDO
[1484]	1302	!
[2696]	1303	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	1304	!-- height of the model domain.
[4356]	1305	IF ( topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
[2696]	1306	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	1307	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
[4356]	1308	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, myid, 6, 0 )
[2696]	1309	ENDIF
	1310
	1311	ENDDO
	1312	ENDDO
[3497]	1313	!
[3449]	1314	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
[3497]	1315	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
	1316	!
[3449]	1317	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
	1318	#if defined( __parallel )
[3497]	1319	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1320	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
[3449]	1321	#endif
[4360]	1322	!
[4341]	1323	!-- Allocation of arrays pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate and pcm_latent_rate
	1324	ALLOCATE( pcm_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1325	pcm_heating_rate = 0.0_wp
[4221]	1326
[3449]	1327	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[4341]	1328	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1329	pcm_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
	1330	ALLOCATE( pcm_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1331	pcm_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
[3449]	1332	ENDIF
[2696]	1333	!
[2011]	1334	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	1335	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	1336	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	1337	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	1338	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	1339	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	1340	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	1341	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	1342	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	1343	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	1344	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
[4341]	1345	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pcm_heating_rate)
	1346	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pcm_transpiration_rate, pcm_latent_rate)
[3449]	1347	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
	1348	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2213]	1349
[3449]	1350	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	1351	!
[2011]	1352	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	1353	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	1354	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1355	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1356	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1357	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	1358	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	1359	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1360	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	1361	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1362	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1363	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1364	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1365	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1366	ELSE
	1367	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1368	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	1369	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	1370	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1371	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1372	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1373	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1374	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1375	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1376	ENDIF
	1377	ENDDO
	1378	ENDDO
	1379	ENDDO
	1380
[4278]	1381	!
[2232]	1382	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	1383	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	1384	!-- Start with default surface type
	1385	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
[4278]	1386	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
	1387	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
[2232]	1388	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1389	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1390	ENDDO
[1484]	1391	!
[2232]	1392	!-- Natural surfaces
	1393	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
[4278]	1394	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
	1395	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
[2232]	1396	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1397	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1398	ENDDO
	1399	!
	1400	!-- Urban surfaces
	1401	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
[4278]	1402	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
	1403	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
[2232]	1404	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1405	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1406	ENDDO
	1407	!
	1408	!
[2011]	1409	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	1410	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	1411	!-- canopy.
	1412	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
[4341]	1413	!-- rate (pcm_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
[2232]	1414	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	1415	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	1416	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1417	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1418	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1419	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[4341]	1420	pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
[3022]	1421	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
[2232]	1422	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	1423	ENDIF
	1424	ENDDO
[1721]	1425	ENDDO
	1426	ENDDO
[1484]	1427
	1428	ENDIF
	1429
[3885]	1430	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
[1484]	1431
[1826]	1432	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	1433
	1434
[2007]	1435	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1436	! Description:
	1437	! ------------
[2932]	1438	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	1439	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1440	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	1441
[2007]	1442	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1443
[2932]	1444	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	1445	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1446	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1447	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	1448	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1449	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1450	lai_beta, &
	1451	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1452	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1453	plant_canopy_transpiration
[2932]	1454
[2007]	1455	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1456	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1457	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1458	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1459	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1460	lai_beta, &
	1461	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1462	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1463	plant_canopy_transpiration
[3246]	1464
[2007]	1465	line = ' '
[3246]	1466
[2007]	1467	!
[4258]	1468	!-- Try to find plant-canopy model package
[2007]	1469	REWIND ( 11 )
	1470	line = ' '
[3248]	1471	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1472	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[2007]	1473	ENDDO
	1474	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1475
	1476	!
	1477	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1478	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
[2932]	1479
	1480	!
[4258]	1481	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2932]	1482	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
[3246]	1483
	1484	GOTO 14
	1485
	1486	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1487	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1488	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
[2932]	1489	!
	1490	!-- Try to find old namelist
[3246]	1491	12 REWIND ( 11 )
[2932]	1492	line = ' '
[3248]	1493	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1494	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
[2932]	1495	ENDDO
	1496	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1497
	1498	!
	1499	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1500	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
[2007]	1501
[2932]	1502	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
[3046]	1503	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	1504	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1505	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[3246]	1506
[2007]	1507	!
[4258]	1508	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2007]	1509	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1510
[3246]	1511	GOTO 14
[2007]	1512
[3246]	1513	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1514	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1515	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
[3246]	1516
	1517	14 CONTINUE
	1518
[2007]	1519	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1520
	1521
[1484]	1522	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1523	! Description:
	1524	! ------------
[2007]	1525	!
	1526	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1527	!>
	1528	!> num_levels
[2977]	1529	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1530	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1531	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1532	!> ...
	1533	!>
	1534	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1535	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1536	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1537	!>
	1538	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1539	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1540	!>
	1541	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1542	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1543	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1544	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1545
[2213]	1546	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1547	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1548	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1549	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
[3337]	1550	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1551	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1552	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
[2213]	1553
	1554	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1555
[2213]	1556	!
	1557	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1558	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1559
	1560	!
	1561	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1562	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1563	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1564	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1565	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[3337]	1566	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
	1567	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
[2977]	1568	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1569
[2213]	1570	DO
[2977]	1571	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1572	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1573
	1574	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1575	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1576	!
[2977]	1577	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1578	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1579	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1580	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1581	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1582	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1583	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1584	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1585	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1586	ENDIF
[4168]	1587	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3337]	1588	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
[2977]	1589	CASE DEFAULT
	1590	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1591	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1592	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1593	END SELECT
[2213]	1594	ENDDO
[2007]	1595
[2213]	1596	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1597	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1598
[2213]	1599	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1600	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1601
	1602	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1603	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1604
	1605	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1606
	1607	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[4360]	1608
[2007]	1609	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1610	! Description:
	1611	! ------------
[4360]	1612	!> Subroutine reads local (subdomain) restart data
	1613	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1614	SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local( k, nxlf, nxlc, nxl_on_file, nxrf, nxrc, &
	1615	nxr_on_file, nynf, nync, nyn_on_file, nysf, &
[4361]	1616	nysc, nys_on_file, found )
[4360]	1617
	1618	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	1619	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
	1620	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
	1621	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
	1622	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
	1623	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
	1624	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
	1625	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
	1626	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
	1627	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
	1628	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
	1629	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
	1630	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
	1631
	1632	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
	1633
	1634	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:pch_index, &
	1635	nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp, &
	1636	nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) :: tmp_3d2 !< temporary 3D array for entire vertical
	1637	!< extension of canopy layer
	1638	found = .TRUE.
	1639
	1640	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
	1641
	1642	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
	1643	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	1644	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1645	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	1646	ENDIF
	1647	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
	1648	pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
	1649	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
	1650
	1651	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
	1652	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	1653	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1654	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	1655	ENDIF
	1656	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
	1657	pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
	1658	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
	1659
	1660	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
	1661	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	1662	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1663	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	1664	ENDIF
	1665	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
	1666	pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
	1667	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
	1668
	1669	CASE DEFAULT
	1670
	1671	found = .FALSE.
	1672
	1673	END SELECT
	1674
	1675	END SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local
	1676
	1677	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1678	! Description:
	1679	! ------------
[1682]	1680	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1681	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1682	!>
	1683	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1684	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1685	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1686	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1687	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1688	!>
	1689	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1690	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1691	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1692	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1693	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1694	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1695	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1696	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1697	!>
	1698	!>
	1699	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1700	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1701	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1702
[1682]	1703	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1704	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1705	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1706	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	1707	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1708
[4335]	1709	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
	1710	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
	1711	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
	1712	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
	1713
[1682]	1714	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1715	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1716	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1717	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1718	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1719	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1720
	1721
	1722	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1723
	1724	!
[1484]	1725	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1726	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1727
	1728	!
	1729	!-- u-component
	1730	CASE ( 1 )
	1731	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1732	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1733	!
[4335]	1734	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
	1735	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
	1736	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
	1737	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4346]	1738	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
	1739	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
	1740	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )&
	1741	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4335]	1742	!
[2232]	1743	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4341]	1744	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1745
[4341]	1746	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1747	!
	1748	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
[4335]	1749	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1750	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1751	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1752	!-- than inside of the canopy.
[1484]	1753	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
[4335]	1754	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	1755	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	1756	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	1757	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	1758	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	1759	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4335]	1760	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp &
	1761	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
	1762	!
	1763	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	1764	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	1765	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	1766	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	1767	!-- point (j,i-1).
	1768	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp &
	1769	.AND. building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1770
	1771	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1772	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1773	!
	1774	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	1775	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	1776	lad_local * &
	1777	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1778	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1779	v(k,j,i) + &
	1780	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1781	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1782	)**2 + &
	1783	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1784	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1785	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1786	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1787	)**2 &
	1788	) * &
	1789	u(k,j,i)
	1790
	1791	!
	1792	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1793	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1794	!
	1795	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1796	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1797	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1798	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1799	ENDIF
	1800	!
	1801	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1802	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1803
[138]	1804	ENDDO
	1805	ENDDO
	1806	ENDDO
	1807
	1808	!
	1809	!-- v-component
	1810	CASE ( 2 )
	1811	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1812	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1813	!
[4335]	1814	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
	1815	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
	1816	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
	1817	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4346]	1818	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
	1819	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
	1820	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )&
	1821	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4335]	1822	!
[2232]	1823	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4341]	1824	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1825
[4341]	1826	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1827	!
	1828	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
[4335]	1829	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1830	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1831	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1832	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1833	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1834	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	1835	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	1836	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	1837	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	1838	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	1839	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4335]	1840	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp &
	1841	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
	1842	!
	1843	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	1844	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	1845	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	1846	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	1847	!-- point (j,i-1).
	1848	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp &
	1849	.AND. building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1850
	1851	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1852	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1853	!
	1854	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	1855	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	1856	lad_local * &
	1857	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1858	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1859	u(k,j,i) + &
	1860	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1861	)**2 + &
	1862	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1863	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1864	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1865	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1866	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1867	)**2 &
	1868	) * &
	1869	v(k,j,i)
	1870
	1871	!
	1872	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1873	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1874	!
	1875	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1876	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1877	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1878	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1879	ELSE
	1880	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1881	ENDIF
	1882	!
	1883	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1884	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1885
[138]	1886	ENDDO
	1887	ENDDO
	1888	ENDDO
	1889
	1890	!
	1891	!-- w-component
	1892	CASE ( 3 )
	1893	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1894	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1895	!
	1896	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4341]	1897	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[2317]	1898
[4341]	1899	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1900
	1901	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1902	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1903	!
	1904	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	1905	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	1906	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1907	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1908	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1909	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1910	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1911	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1912	)**2 + &
	1913	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1914	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1915	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1916	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1917	)**2 + &
	1918	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1919	) * &
	1920	w(k,j,i)
	1921	!
	1922	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1923	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1924	!
	1925	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1926	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1927	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1928	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1929	ELSE
	1930	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1931	ENDIF
	1932	!
	1933	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1934	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1935
[138]	1936	ENDDO
	1937	ENDDO
	1938	ENDDO
	1939
	1940	!
[153]	1941	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1942	CASE ( 4 )
[3449]	1943	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1944	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1945	DO j = nys, nyn
	1946	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	1947	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1948	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1949	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	1950	ENDDO
[153]	1951	ENDDO
	1952	ENDDO
[3449]	1953	ELSE
	1954	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1955	DO j = nys, nyn
	1956	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	1957	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1958	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1959	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	1960	ENDDO
	1961	ENDDO
	1962	ENDDO
	1963	ENDIF
[153]	1964
	1965	!
[1960]	1966	!-- humidity
[153]	1967	CASE ( 5 )
	1968	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1969	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1970	!
	1971	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	1972	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1973
[4341]	1974	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2232]	1975
[3449]	1976	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
[4341]	1977	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
[3449]	1978	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	1979	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	1980	! in the plant canopy box
[4342]	1981	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
	1982	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1983	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1984	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1985	)**2 + &
	1986	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1987	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1988	)**2 + &
	1989	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1990	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1991	)**2 &
	1992	) * &
	1993	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[3449]	1994	ENDIF
	1995
[4341]	1996	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1997	ENDDO
	1998	ENDDO
	1999	ENDDO
	2000
	2001	!
	2002	!-- sgs-tke
	2003	CASE ( 6 )
	2004	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2005	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	2006	!
	2007	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	2008	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2009
[4341]	2010	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	2011	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
[4342]	2012	2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1721]	2013	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	2014	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2015	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2016	)**2 + &
	2017	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2018	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2019	)**2 + &
	2020	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2021	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2022	)**2 &
	2023	) * &
	2024	e(k,j,i)
[138]	2025	ENDDO
	2026	ENDDO
	2027	ENDDO
[1960]	2028	!
	2029	!-- scalar concentration
	2030	CASE ( 7 )
	2031	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2032	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	2033	!
	2034	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	2035	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2036
[4341]	2037	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	2038	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
[4342]	2039	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
[1960]	2040	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2041	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2042	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2043	)**2 + &
	2044	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2045	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2046	)**2 + &
	2047	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2048	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2049	)**2 &
	2050	) * &
[4342]	2051	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[1960]	2052	ENDDO
	2053	ENDDO
	2054	ENDDO
[1484]	2055
	2056
[1960]	2057
[138]	2058	CASE DEFAULT
	2059
[257]	2060	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	2061	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2062
	2063	END SELECT
	2064
[1826]	2065	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	2066
	2067
	2068	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	2069	! Description:
	2070	! ------------
[1682]	2071	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	2072	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	2073	!>
	2074	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	2075	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	2076	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	2077	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	2078	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	2079	!>
	2080	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	2081	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	2082	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	2083	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	2084	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	2085	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	2086	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	2087	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	2088	!>
	2089	!>
	2090	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	2091	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	2092	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	2093
[1682]	2094	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	2095	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2096	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2097	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	2098	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	2099
[4314]	2100	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
	2101	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
	2102	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
	2103	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
	2104
[1682]	2105	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	2106	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	2107	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	2108	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	2109	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	2110	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	2111
	2112
	2113	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	2114	!
[1484]	2115	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	2116	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	2117
	2118	!
[142]	2119	!-- u-component
[1484]	2120	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	2121	!
[4314]	2122	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
	2123	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
	2124	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
	2125	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4346]	2126	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2127	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
	2128	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2129	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4314]	2130	!
[2232]	2131	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4341]	2132	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2133
[4341]	2134	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2135
	2136	!
[1484]	2137	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	2138	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	2139	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	2140	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	2141	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	2142	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
[4314]	2143	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	2144	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	2145	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	2146	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	2147	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	2148	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4314]	2149	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2150	.NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
	2151	!
	2152	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	2153	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	2154	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	2155	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	2156	!-- point (j,i-1).
	2157	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2158	building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	2159
	2160	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2161	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	2162	!
	2163	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	2164	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	2165	lad_local * &
	2166	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2167	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	2168	v(k,j,i) + &
	2169	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2170	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	2171	)**2 + &
	2172	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	2173	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2174	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	2175	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2176	)**2 &
	2177	) * &
	2178	u(k,j,i)
	2179
	2180	!
	2181	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2182	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2183	!
	2184	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2185	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2186	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	2187	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2188	ELSE
	2189	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2190	ENDIF
	2191	!
	2192	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2193	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2194	ENDDO
	2195
	2196
	2197	!
[142]	2198	!-- v-component
[1484]	2199	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	2200	!
[4314]	2201	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
	2202	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
	2203	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
	2204	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4346]	2205	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2206	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
	2207	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2208	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4314]	2209	!
[2232]	2210	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4341]	2211	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	2212
[4341]	2213	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2214	!
[1484]	2215	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	2216	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	2217	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	2218	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	2219	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	2220	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
[4314]	2221	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	2222	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	2223	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	2224	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	2225	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	2226	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4314]	2227	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2228	.NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
	2229	!
	2230	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	2231	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	2232	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	2233	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	2234	!-- point (j,i-1).
	2235	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2236	building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	2237
	2238	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2239	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	2240	!
	2241	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	2242	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	2243	lad_local * &
	2244	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	2245	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	2246	u(k,j,i) + &
	2247	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2248	)**2 + &
	2249	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2250	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	2251	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2252	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	2253	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2254	)**2 &
	2255	) * &
	2256	v(k,j,i)
	2257
	2258	!
	2259	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2260	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2261	!
	2262	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2263	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2264	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	2265	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2266	ELSE
	2267	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2268	ENDIF
	2269	!
	2270	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2271	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2272	ENDDO
	2273
	2274
	2275	!
[142]	2276	!-- w-component
[1484]	2277	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	2278	!
	2279	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4341]	2280	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[2317]	2281
[4341]	2282	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2283
[1484]	2284	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2285	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	2286	!
[1484]	2287	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	2288	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	2289	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	2290	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	2291	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2292	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	2293	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	2294	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	2295	)**2 + &
	2296	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2297	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2298	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	2299	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	2300	)**2 + &
	2301	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	2302	) * &
	2303	w(k,j,i)
	2304	!
	2305	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2306	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2307	!
	2308	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2309	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2310	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	2311	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2312	ELSE
	2313	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2314	ENDIF
	2315	!
	2316	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2317	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2318	ENDDO
	2319
	2320	!
[153]	2321	!-- potential temperature
	2322	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	2323	!
	2324	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[3449]	2325	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[4341]	2326	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2327	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2328	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
	2329	pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2330	ENDDO
	2331	ELSE
[4341]	2332	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2333	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2334	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2335	ENDDO
	2336	ENDIF
[153]	2337
	2338	!
[1960]	2339	!-- humidity
[153]	2340	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	2341	!
	2342	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4341]	2343	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2344	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3449]	2345	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
[4341]	2346	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
[3449]	2347	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	2348	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	2349	! in the plant canopy box
[4342]	2350	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
[3582]	2351	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2352	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2353	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2354	)**2 + &
	2355	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2356	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2357	)**2 + &
	2358	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2359	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2360	)**2 &
	2361	) * &
[4342]	2362	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[3449]	2363	ENDIF
[2232]	2364
[4341]	2365	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[3014]	2366
[153]	2367	ENDDO
	2368
	2369	!
[142]	2370	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	2371	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	2372	!
	2373	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4341]	2374	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2375
[4341]	2376	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[1484]	2377	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
[4342]	2378	2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1721]	2379	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	2380	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2381	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2382	)**2 + &
	2383	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2384	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2385	)**2 + &
	2386	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2387	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2388	)**2 &
	2389	) * &
	2390	e(k,j,i)
	2391	ENDDO
[1960]	2392
	2393	!
	2394	!-- scalar concentration
	2395	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	2396	!
	2397	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4341]	2398	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2399
[4341]	2400	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[1960]	2401	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
[4342]	2402	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
[1960]	2403	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2404	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2405	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2406	)**2 + &
	2407	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2408	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2409	)**2 + &
	2410	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2411	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2412	)**2 &
	2413	) * &
[4342]	2414	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[1960]	2415	ENDDO
[138]	2416
[142]	2417	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	2418
[257]	2419	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	2420	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2421
[142]	2422	END SELECT
[138]	2423
[1826]	2424	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	2425
[4360]	2426	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2427	! Description:
	2428	! ------------
	2429	!> Subroutine writes local (subdomain) restart data
	2430	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2431	SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
[2007]	2432
[4360]	2433	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	2434	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
	2435	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_heatrate_av
	2436	ENDIF
	2437
	2438	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	2439	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
	2440	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_latentrate_av
	2441	ENDIF
	2442
	2443	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	2444	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
	2445	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_transpirationrate_av
	2446	ENDIF
	2447
	2448	END SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
	2449
	2450
[138]	2451	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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