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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4384

Last change on this file since 4384 was 4381, checked in by suehring, 5 years ago
Land-surface model: Bugfix in nested soil initialization in case no dynamic input file is present; give local error messages only onces
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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[4360]	17	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[3885]	18	! Copyright 2017-2019 Institute of Computer Science of the
	19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
[2000]	20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	21	!
[257]	22	! Current revisions:
[2977]	23	! ------------------
[2214]	24	!
[4226]	25	!
[2214]	26	! Former revisions:
	27	! -----------------
	28	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4381 2020-01-20 13:51:46Z Giersch $
[4381]	29	! Give error message 313 only once
	30	!
	31	! 4363 2020-01-07 18:11:28Z suehring
[4363]	32	! Fix for last commit
	33	!
	34	! 4362 2020-01-07 17:15:02Z suehring
[4362]	35	! Input of plant canopy variables from static driver moved to plant-canopy
	36	! model
	37	!
	38	! 4361 2020-01-07 12:22:38Z suehring
[4361]	39	! - Remove unused arrays in pmc_rrd_local
	40	! - Remove one exchange of ghost points
	41	!
	42	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
[4360]	43	! - Bugfix, read restart data for time-averaged pcm output quantities
	44	! - Output of plant-canopy quantities will fill values
	45	!
	46	! 4356 2019-12-20 17:09:33Z suehring
[4356]	47	! Correct single message call, local check must be given by the respective
	48	! mpi rank.
	49	!
	50	! 4346 2019-12-18 11:55:56Z motisi
[4346]	51	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
	52	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
	53	!
	54	! 4342 2019-12-16 13:49:14Z Giersch
[4342]	55	! Use statements moved to module level, ocean dependency removed, redundant
	56	! variables removed
	57	!
	58	! 4341 2019-12-16 10:43:49Z motisi
[4341]	59	! - Unification of variable names: pc_-variables now pcm_-variables
	60	! (pc_latent_rate, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate)
	61	! - Removal of pcm_bowenratio output
	62	! - Renamed canopy-mode 'block' to 'homogeneous'
	63	! - Renamed value 'read_from_file_3d' to 'read_from_file'
	64	! - Removal of confusing comment lines
	65	! - Replacement of k_wall by topo_top_ind
	66	! - Removal of Else-Statement in tendency-calculation
	67	!
	68	! 4335 2019-12-12 16:39:05Z suehring
[4335]	69	! Fix for LAD at building edges also implemented in vector branch.
	70	!
	71	! 4331 2019-12-10 18:25:02Z suehring
[4331]	72	! Typo corrected
	73	!
	74	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
[4329]	75	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
	76	!
	77	! 4314 2019-11-29 10:29:20Z suehring
[4314]	78	! - Bugfix, plant canopy was still considered at building edges on for the u-
	79	! and v-component.
	80	! - Relax restriction of LAD on building tops. LAD is only omitted at
	81	! locations where building grid points emerged artificially by the
	82	! topography filtering.
	83	!
	84	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
[4309]	85	! Typo
	86	!
	87	! 4302 2019-11-22 13:15:56Z suehring
[4302]	88	! Omit tall canopy mapped on top of buildings
	89	!
	90	! 4279 2019-10-29 08:48:17Z scharf
[4279]	91	! unused variables removed
	92	!
	93	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z scharf
[4278]	94	! changed check for static driver and fixed bugs in initialization and header
	95	!
	96	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z suehring
[4258]	97	! Check if any LAD is prescribed when plant-canopy model is applied.
	98	!
	99	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
[4226]	100	! Bugfix, missing initialization of heating rate
	101	!
	102	! 4221 2019-09-09 08:50:35Z suehring
[4220]	103	! Further bugfix in 3d data output for plant canopy
	104	!
	105	! 4216 2019-09-04 09:09:03Z suehring
[4216]	106	! Bugfixes in 3d data output
	107	!
	108	! 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring
[4205]	109	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
	110	!
	111	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
[4188]	112	! Minor adjustment in error number
	113	!
	114	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
[4187]	115	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
	116	!
	117	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	118	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	119	!
	120	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
[4168]	121	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
	122	!
	123	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
[4127]	124	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
	125	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
	126	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
	127	! (merge from branch resler)
	128	!
	129	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	130	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	131	! of additional debug messages
	132	!
	133	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
[3761]	134	! unsed variables removed
	135	!
	136	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
[3745]	137	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
	138	! becomes > 40 degrees
	139	!
	140	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
[3685]	141	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	142	!
	143	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3614]	144	! unused variables removed
[3498]	145	!
[4182]	146	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	147	! Initial revision
	148	!
[138]	149	! Description:
	150	! ------------
[1682]	151	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	152	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	153	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	154	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[3744]	155	!
	156	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
[4216]	157	! @todo - unify variable names (pcm_, pc_, ...)
[138]	158	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	159	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
[4360]	160
[1484]	161	USE arrays_3d, &
[3449]	162	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	163
[3449]	164	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	165	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
[4360]	166
[4342]	167	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	168	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
[3449]	169
[3885]	170	USE control_parameters, &
[4360]	171	ONLY: average_count_3d, &
	172	coupling_char, &
	173	debug_output, &
	174	dt_3d, &
	175	dz, &
	176	humidity, &
	177	length, &
	178	message_string, &
	179	ocean_mode, &
	180	passive_scalar, &
	181	plant_canopy, &
	182	restart_string, &
	183	urban_surface
	184
[4342]	185	USE grid_variables, &
	186	ONLY: dx, dy
[3449]	187
[1484]	188	USE indices, &
	189	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[4346]	190	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind, wall_flags_total_0
[1484]	191
	192	USE kinds
[4360]	193
[4342]	194	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
[4362]	195	ONLY: input_pids_static, &
	196	char_fill, &
	197	check_existence, &
	198	close_input_file, &
	199	get_attribute, &
	200	get_dimension_length, &
	201	get_variable, &
	202	inquire_num_variables, &
	203	inquire_variable_names, &
	204	input_file_static, &
	205	num_var_pids, &
	206	open_read_file, &
	207	pids_id, &
	208	real_3d, &
	209	vars_pids
[1484]	210
[3449]	211	USE pegrid
[4360]	212
[4342]	213	USE surface_mod, &
	214	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[3449]	215
[1484]	216
	217	IMPLICIT NONE
	218
[4341]	219	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' !< canopy coverage
[3449]	220	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
	221	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
	222	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
[1484]	223
[3449]	224	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	225	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	226
[3449]	227	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
[2696]	228
[3449]	229	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	230
[2696]	231	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	232	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	233	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	234	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	235	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	236	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	237	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	238	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	239	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	240	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[1484]	241
[2696]	242	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	243	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	244
[2977]	245	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	246	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	247
[1682]	248	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	249	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	250
[4127]	251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	252	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
[4341]	253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
	254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
	255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
[1484]	256
[4127]	257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
	258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
	259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
	260
[4362]	261	TYPE(real_3d) :: basal_area_density_f !< input variable for basal area density - resolved vegetation
	262	TYPE(real_3d) :: leaf_area_density_f !< input variable for leaf area density - resolved vegetation
	263	TYPE(real_3d) :: root_area_density_lad_f !< input variable for root area density - resolved vegetation
	264
[1484]	265	SAVE
	266
[138]	267	PRIVATE
[4342]	268
[1826]	269	!
	270	!-- Public functions
[4360]	271	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, &
	272	pcm_check_data_output, &
	273	pcm_check_parameters, &
	274	pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
	275	pcm_data_output_3d, &
	276	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
	277	pcm_header, &
	278	pcm_init, &
	279	pcm_parin, &
	280	pcm_rrd_local, &
	281	pcm_tendency, &
	282	pcm_wrd_local
[138]	283
[1826]	284	!
	285	!-- Public variables and constants
[4342]	286	PUBLIC canopy_drag_coeff, pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate, &
	287	pcm_latent_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
	288	pch_index, plant_canopy_transpiration
[1484]	289
[3449]	290	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	291	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	292	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	293
[2209]	294	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	295	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	296	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	297
[1826]	298	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	299	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	300	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	301
[4127]	302	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	303	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	304	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	305
[2209]	306	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	307	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	308	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	309
	310	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	311	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	312	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	313
	314	INTERFACE pcm_header
	315	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	316	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	317
	318	INTERFACE pcm_init
	319	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	320	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	321
[1826]	322	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	323	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	324	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	325
	326	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	327	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	328	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[4360]	329
	330	INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
	331	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_rrd_local
	332	END INTERFACE pcm_rrd_local
	333
[1826]	334	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	335	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	336	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	337	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	338
[4360]	339	INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
	340	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_wrd_local
	341	END INTERFACE pcm_wrd_local
[1484]	342
[4360]	343
[138]	344	CONTAINS
[4342]	345
	346
[2209]	347	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	348	! Description:
	349	! ------------
[3449]	350	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
	351	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
	352	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
	353	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
	354	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
	355	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
	356	!> Tree Physiology 20).
	357	!>
	358	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
	359	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
	360	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
	361	!>
	362	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	363	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
	364
[4342]	365	!
[3449]	366	!-- input parameters
[4205]	367	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
	368	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
	369	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
	370	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
	371	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
[3449]	372
	373	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
[4205]	374	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
	375	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
	376	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
	377	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
	378	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
	379	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	380	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	381	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	382	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
	383	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
[3449]	384
	385
	386	!-- Temperature (deg C)
	387	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
	388	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
[4205]	389	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
[3449]	390	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
	391	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
	392	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
	393	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
	394	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
	395	!-- Wind speed
[3744]	396	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
[4205]	397	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
	398	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
[3449]	399	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
	400	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
	401	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
	402	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
	403	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
	404	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
[4205]	405	f1 = rad * (1000.0_wp+42.1_wp) / 1000.0_wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
[3449]	406	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
	407	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
[3744]	408	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
[3449]	409	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
	410	!-- Water pressure deficit
	411	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
	412	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
	413	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
	414	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
	415	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
	416	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
	417	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
[4205]	418	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
[3449]	419	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
	420	!-- Residual soil water content
	421	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
	422	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
	423	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
	424	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
[4205]	425	f4 = MAX(0.0_wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
[3449]	426	!-- Stomatal conductivity
	427	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
	428	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
[4205]	429	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
[3449]	430	!-- Decoupling factor
	431	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
[4205]	432	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
	433	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
[3449]	434	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
	435	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
	436	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
	437	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
	438	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
	439	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
	440	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
	441	!-- Evaporation rate
	442	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
	443	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
	444	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
	445	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
	446	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
	447	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
	448	!-- latent heat from evaporation
	449	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
	450
	451	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	452
	453
	454	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	455	! Description:
	456	! ------------
[2209]	457	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	458	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	459	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[4279]	460
[2209]	461	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	462	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	463
	464
	465	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	466
	467	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	468	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	469	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	470	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	471	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	472	ENDIF
[2209]	473	unit = 'K s-1'
	474
[3014]	475	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	476	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	477
[3449]	478	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	479	unit = 'K s-1'
	480
[2209]	481	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	482	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	483
	484
	485	CASE DEFAULT
	486	unit = 'illegal'
	487
	488	END SELECT
	489
	490
	491	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	492
	493
[1826]	494	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	495	! Description:
	496	! ------------
	497	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	498	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	499	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[4342]	500
	501	IF ( ocean_mode ) THEN
	502	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. is not allowed in the '// &
	503	'ocean'
	504	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0696', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	505	ENDIF
	506
[1826]	507	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	508	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
[3046]	509	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	510	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	511	ENDIF
[4279]	512
[3045]	513	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
[1826]	514	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	515	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	516	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	517	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	518	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	519	ENDIF
[4279]	520
[1826]	521	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	522	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	523	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	524	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	525	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	526	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	527	ENDIF
	528
	529	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	530	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	531	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	532	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	533	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	534	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	535	'density profile'
[2768]	536	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	537	ENDIF
	538
[3274]	539	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
[1826]	540	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	541	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	542	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	543	ENDIF
[2696]	544	!
[4278]	545	!-- If canopy shall be read from file, static input file must be present
[4341]	546	IF ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) == 'read_from_file' .AND. &
[4278]	547	.NOT. input_pids_static ) THEN
[4341]	548	message_string = 'canopy_mode = read_from_file requires ' // &
[4278]	549	'static input file'
[4188]	550	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0672', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	551	ENDIF
[1826]	552
	553	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	554
	555
[138]	556	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	557	!
[1484]	558	! Description:
	559	! ------------
[4127]	560	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
[2209]	561	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4216]	562	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
[4127]	563
	564	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
	565	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	566
	567	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	568	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	569	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	570
	571
	572	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
	573
	574	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	575
	576	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	577	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	578	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	579	ENDIF
	580	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	581
	582
	583	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	584	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	585	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	586	ENDIF
	587	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	588
	589
	590	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	591	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	592	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	593	ENDIF
	594	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	595
	596	CASE DEFAULT
	597	CONTINUE
	598
	599	END SELECT
	600
	601	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
	602
	603	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	604
	605	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	606	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	607	DO i = nxl, nxr
	608	DO j = nys, nyn
	609	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	610	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4341]	611	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
[4127]	612	ENDDO
	613	ENDIF
	614	ENDDO
	615	ENDDO
	616	ENDIF
	617
	618
	619	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	620	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	621	DO i = nxl, nxr
	622	DO j = nys, nyn
	623	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	624	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4341]	625	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4127]	626	ENDDO
	627	ENDIF
	628	ENDDO
	629	ENDDO
	630	ENDIF
	631
	632
	633	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	634	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	635	DO i = nxl, nxr
	636	DO j = nys, nyn
	637	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	638	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[4341]	639	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
[4127]	640	ENDDO
	641	ENDIF
	642	ENDDO
	643	ENDDO
	644	ENDIF
	645
	646	CASE DEFAULT
	647	CONTINUE
	648
	649	END SELECT
	650
	651	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
	652
	653	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	654
	655	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	656	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	657	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	658	DO j = nysg, nyng
	659	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	660	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	661	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
	662	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	663	ENDDO
	664	ENDIF
	665	ENDDO
	666	ENDDO
	667	ENDIF
	668
	669
	670	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	671	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	672	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	673	DO j = nysg, nyng
	674	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	675	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	676	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
	677	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	678	ENDDO
	679	ENDIF
	680	ENDDO
	681	ENDDO
	682	ENDIF
	683
	684
	685	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	686	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	687	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	688	DO j = nysg, nyng
	689	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	690	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	691	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
	692	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	693	ENDDO
	694	ENDIF
	695	ENDDO
	696	ENDDO
	697	ENDIF
	698
	699	END SELECT
	700
	701	ENDIF
	702
[4216]	703	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
[4127]	704
	705	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	706	!
	707	! Description:
	708	! ------------
	709	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
	710	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
	711	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
	712	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
	713	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	714	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	715	nzb_do, nzt_do )
[2209]	716
[4216]	717	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< treated variable
[2209]	718
[4216]	719	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< flag indicating instantaneous or averaged data output
	720	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x-direction
	721	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y-direction
	722	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z-direction
[3014]	723	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	724	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	725
[4216]	726	LOGICAL :: found !< flag indicating if variable is found
[2209]	727
[4216]	728	REAL(wp) :: fill_value !< fill value
	729	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !< data output array
[2209]	730
	731
	732	found = .TRUE.
	733
[2696]	734	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	735
	736	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
[4216]	737	!
	738	!-- Note, to save memory arrays for heating are allocated from 0:pch_index.
	739	!-- Thus, output must be relative to these array indices. Further, check
	740	!-- whether the output is within the vertical output range,
[4220]	741	!-- i.e. nzb_do:nzt_do, which is necessary as local_pf is only allocated
	742	!-- for this index space. Note, plant-canopy output has a separate
	743	!-- vertical output coordinate zlad, so that output is mapped down to the
	744	!-- surface.
[4127]	745	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	746	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	747	DO i = nxl, nxr
	748	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	749	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4341]	750	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	751	ENDDO
[4127]	752	ENDDO
	753	ENDDO
	754	ELSE
	755	DO i = nxl, nxr
	756	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	757	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	758	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	759	ENDDO
	760	ENDDO
	761	ENDDO
	762	ENDIF
[3449]	763
	764	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
[4127]	765	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	766	DO i = nxl, nxr
	767	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	768	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4341]	769	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	770	ENDDO
[4127]	771	ENDDO
	772	ENDDO
	773	ELSE
	774	DO i = nxl, nxr
	775	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	776	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	777	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	778	ENDDO
	779	ENDDO
	780	ENDDO
	781	ENDIF
[3449]	782
[4127]	783	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	784	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	785	DO i = nxl, nxr
	786	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	787	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4341]	788	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	789	ENDDO
[4127]	790	ENDDO
	791	ENDDO
	792	ELSE
	793	DO i = nxl, nxr
	794	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	795	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	796	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	797	ENDDO
	798	ENDDO
	799	ENDDO
	800	ENDIF
	801
	802	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	803	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	804	DO i = nxl, nxr
	805	DO j = nys, nyn
[4360]	806	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index_ji(j,i), nzt_do )
[4220]	807	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
[4216]	808	ENDDO
[4127]	809	ENDDO
	810	ENDDO
	811	ENDIF
	812
[2209]	813	CASE DEFAULT
	814	found = .FALSE.
	815
	816	END SELECT
	817
	818	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	819
	820	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	821	!
	822	! Description:
	823	! ------------
	824	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	825	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	826	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	827	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	828
	829	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	830	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	831	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	832	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	833	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	834
	835	found = .TRUE.
	836
	837	!
[4342]	838	!-- Check for the grid. zpc is zu(nzb:nzb+pch_index)
[2209]	839	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	840
[4341]	841	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate')
[2209]	842	grid_x = 'x'
	843	grid_y = 'y'
[4127]	844	grid_z = 'zpc'
[2209]	845
	846	CASE DEFAULT
	847	found = .FALSE.
	848	grid_x = 'none'
	849	grid_y = 'none'
	850	grid_z = 'none'
	851	END SELECT
	852
	853	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	854
	855
	856	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	857	! Description:
	858	! ------------
[1826]	859	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	860	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4362]	861	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
[1826]	862
[4362]	863	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
[1826]	864
[4362]	865	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	866	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	867	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	868	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
[1826]	869
[4362]	870	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	871	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	872	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	873
	874	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	875
	876	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1826]	877
[4362]	878	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	879	canopy_drag_coeff
	880	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	881	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	882	leaf_surface_conc
	883	ENDIF
[1826]	884
	885	!
[4362]	886	! Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	887	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
[1826]	888
	889	!
[4362]	890	! Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	891	! gradients or from beta probability density function.
	892	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
[1826]	893
[4362]	894	! Building output strings, starting with surface value
	895	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	896	gradients = '------'
	897	slices = ' 0'
	898	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	899	DO i = 1, UBOUND(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind, DIM=1)
	900	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) /= -9999 ) THEN
[1826]	901
[4362]	902	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	903	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	904
[4362]	905	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	906	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	907
[4362]	908	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	909	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	910
[4362]	911	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	912	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	913	ELSE
	914	EXIT
	915	ENDIF
	916	ENDDO
[1826]	917
[4362]	918	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	919	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
[1826]	920
[4362]	921	ELSE
	922
	923	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	924	coordinates = ' 0.0'
[1826]	925
[4362]	926	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1826]	927
[4362]	928	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	929	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	930	TRIM( coor_chr )
	931
	932	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	933	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	934
	935	ENDDO
	936
	937	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	938	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
[1826]	939
[4362]	940	ENDIF
[1826]	941
[4362]	942	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
[1826]	943	' ------------------------------'// &
	944	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	945	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	946	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
[4362]	947	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
[1826]	948	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
[4362]	949	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ', &
	950	F6.2, ' K m/s')
	951	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
[1826]	952	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	953	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	954	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	955	' Gridpoint: ',A)
[4362]	956	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
[1826]	957	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	958	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	959	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	960	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	961	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	962
	963	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	964
	965
	966	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	967	! Description:
	968	! ------------
[1682]	969	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	970	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	971	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	972
[2007]	973	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	974	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	975	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	976	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	977
[4381]	978	LOGICAL :: lad_on_top = .FALSE. !< dummy flag to indicate that LAD is defined on a building roof
	979
[4258]	980	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[2007]	981	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
[4258]	982	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	983	REAL(wp) :: lad_max !< maximum LAD value in the model domain, used to perform a check
[3241]	984
[3885]	985	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
[1484]	986	!
	987	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	988	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	989	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	990	lad = 0.0_wp
	991	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	992
	993	!
[1826]	994	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	995	!-- a beta probability density function
	996	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	997	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	998	ENDIF
	999
	1000
	1001	!
[1484]	1002	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	1003	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	1004	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	1005	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	1006	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	1007	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	1008
	1009	!
	1010	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	1011	i = 1
	1012	gradient = 0.0_wp
	1013
[4342]	1014	lad(0) = lad_surface
	1015	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
[1484]	1016
[4342]	1017	DO k = 1, pch_index
	1018	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	1019	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	1020	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1021	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	1022	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	1023	i = i + 1
[1484]	1024	ENDIF
[4342]	1025	ENDIF
	1026	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1027	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	1028	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
[1484]	1029	ELSE
[4342]	1030	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
[1484]	1031	ENDIF
[4342]	1032	ELSE
	1033	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	1034	ENDIF
	1035	ENDDO
[1484]	1036
	1037	!
	1038	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	1039	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	1040	!-- file.
	1041	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1042	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	1043	ENDIF
	1044
	1045	ELSE
	1046
	1047	!
	1048	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	1049	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
[3065]	1050	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1484]	1051
[2232]	1052	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	1053	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	1054	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1055	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1056	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1057	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	1058	ENDDO
	1059
	1060	!
	1061	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	1062	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	1063	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	1064	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1065	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1066	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	1067	) / canopy_height
[1484]	1068	ENDDO
	1069
	1070	!
	1071	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	1072	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	1073	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	1074	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	1075	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	1076	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
[4302]	1077	ENDDO
[1484]	1078
	1079	ENDIF
	1080
	1081	!
[2213]	1082	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	1083	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1084
	1085	!
	1086	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
[4341]	1087	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'homogeneous' initializes a canopy, which
[1484]	1088	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	1089	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	1090
[4341]	1091	CASE( 'homogeneous' )
[1484]	1092
	1093	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1094	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1095	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	1096	ENDDO
	1097	ENDDO
	1098
[4341]	1099	CASE ( 'read_from_file' )
[2007]	1100	!
[4362]	1101	!-- Read plant canopy
	1102	IF ( input_pids_static ) THEN
	1103	!
	1104	!-- Open the static input file
	1105	#if defined( __netcdf )
	1106	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	1107	TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1108	pids_id )
	1109
	1110	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
	1111	!
	1112	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them
	1113	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
	1114	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
	1115	!
	1116	!-- Read leaf area density - resolved vegetation
	1117	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'lad' ) ) THEN
	1118	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
	1119	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
	1120	leaf_area_density_f%fill, &
	1121	.FALSE., 'lad' )
	1122	!
	1123	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
	1124	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
	1125	leaf_area_density_f%nz, &
	1126	'zlad' )
	1127	!
	1128	!-- Allocate variable for leaf-area density
	1129	ALLOCATE( leaf_area_density_f%var &
	1130	(0:leaf_area_density_f%nz-1, &
	1131	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
	1132
	1133	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'lad', leaf_area_density_f%var, &
	1134	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
	1135	0, leaf_area_density_f%nz-1 )
	1136
	1137	ELSE
	1138	leaf_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
	1139	ENDIF
	1140	!
	1141	!-- Read basal area density - resolved vegetation
	1142	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'bad' ) ) THEN
	1143	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .TRUE.
	1144	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
	1145	basal_area_density_f%fill, &
	1146	.FALSE., 'bad' )
	1147	!
	1148	!-- Inquire number of vertical vegetation layer
	1149	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
	1150	basal_area_density_f%nz, &
	1151	'zlad' )
	1152	!
	1153	!-- Allocate variable
	1154	ALLOCATE( basal_area_density_f%var &
	1155	(0:basal_area_density_f%nz-1, &
	1156	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
	1157
	1158	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'bad', basal_area_density_f%var,&
	1159	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
	1160	0, basal_area_density_f%nz-1 )
	1161	ELSE
	1162	basal_area_density_f%from_file = .FALSE.
	1163	ENDIF
	1164	!
	1165	!-- Read root area density - resolved vegetation
	1166	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'root_area_dens_r' ) ) THEN
	1167	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .TRUE.
	1168	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, &
	1169	root_area_density_lad_f%fill, &
	1170	.FALSE., 'root_area_dens_r' )
	1171	!
	1172	!-- Inquire number of vertical soil layers
	1173	CALL get_dimension_length( pids_id, &
	1174	root_area_density_lad_f%nz, &
	1175	'zsoil' )
	1176	!
	1177	!-- Allocate variable
	1178	ALLOCATE( root_area_density_lad_f%var &
	1179	(0:root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1,&
	1180	nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
	1181
	1182	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'root_area_dens_r', &
	1183	root_area_density_lad_f%var, &
	1184	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, &
	1185	0, root_area_density_lad_f%nz-1 )
	1186	ELSE
	1187	root_area_density_lad_f%from_file = .FALSE.
	1188	ENDIF
	1189
	1190	DEALLOCATE( vars_pids )
	1191	!
[4363]	1192	!-- Finally, close the input file and deallocate temporary array
	1193	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
[4362]	1194	#endif
[4363]	1195	ENDIF
	1196
[4362]	1197	!
[2696]	1198	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	1199	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	1200	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	1201	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	1202	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1203	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	1204	!
	1205	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	1206	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	1207	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	1208
	1209	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1210	DO j = nys, nyn
	1211	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
[3864]	1212	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	1213	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
[2696]	1214	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	1215	ENDDO
[4302]	1216	!
	1217	!-- Check if resolved vegetation is mapped onto buildings.
[4314]	1218	!-- In general, this is allowed and also meaningful, e.g.
	1219	!-- when trees carry across roofs. However, due to the
	1220	!-- topography filtering, new building grid points can emerge
	1221	!-- at location where also plant canopy is defined. As a
	1222	!-- result, plant canopy is mapped on top of roofs, with
	1223	!-- siginficant impact on the downstream flow field and the
	1224	!-- nearby surface radiation. In order to avoid that
	1225	!-- plant canopy is mistakenly mapped onto building roofs,
	1226	!-- check for building grid points (bit 6) that emerge from
	1227	!-- the filtering (bit 4) and set LAD to zero at these
	1228	!-- artificially created building grid points. This case,
	1229	!-- an informative message is given.
[4302]	1230	IF ( ANY( lad_s(:,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) .AND. &
[4346]	1231	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	1232	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 4 ) ) ) THEN
[4302]	1233	lad_s(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
[4381]	1234	lad_on_top = .TRUE.
	1235	ENDIF
	1236	ENDDO
	1237	ENDDO
	1238	#if defined( __parallel )
	1239	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_on_top, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, &
	1240	MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr)
	1241	#endif
	1242	IF ( lad_on_top ) THEN
	1243	WRITE( message_string, * ) &
[4314]	1244	'Resolved plant-canopy is ' // &
	1245	'defined on top of an artificially '// &
[4381]	1246	'created building grid point(s) ' // &
[4331]	1247	'(emerged from the filtering) - ' // &
[4381]	1248	'LAD profile is omitted at this / ' // &
	1249	'these grid point(s).'
	1250	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0313', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
	1251	ENDIF
[2696]	1252	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	1253	!
	1254	! ASCII file
[4342]	1255	!-- Initialize canopy parameters canopy_drag_coeff,
	1256	!-- leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, leaf_surface_conc
[2007]	1257	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	1258	!-- each location).
[2696]	1259	ELSE
	1260	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1261	ENDIF
[2007]	1262
[1484]	1263	CASE DEFAULT
	1264	!
[2007]	1265	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	1266	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	1267	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	1268	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	1269	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	1270	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	1271
	1272	END SELECT
[2696]	1273	!
[4258]	1274	!-- Check that at least one grid point has an LAD /= 0, else this may
	1275	!-- cause errors in the radiation model.
	1276	lad_max = MAXVAL( lad_s )
	1277	#if defined( __parallel )
	1278	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_max, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, &
	1279	comm2d, ierr)
	1280	#endif
	1281	IF ( lad_max <= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1282	message_string = 'Plant-canopy model is switched-on but no ' // &
	1283	'plant canopy is present in the model domain.'
	1284	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0685', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1285	ENDIF
	1286
	1287	!
[2696]	1288	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	1289	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1290	pch_index_ji = 0
[4187]	1291
[4361]	1292	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1293	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1294	DO k = 0, pch_index
	1295	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	1296	ENDDO
[1484]	1297	!
[2696]	1298	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	1299	!-- height of the model domain.
[4356]	1300	IF ( topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
[2696]	1301	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	1302	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
[4356]	1303	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, myid, 6, 0 )
[2696]	1304	ENDIF
	1305
	1306	ENDDO
	1307	ENDDO
[3497]	1308	!
[3449]	1309	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
[3497]	1310	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
	1311	!
[3449]	1312	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
	1313	#if defined( __parallel )
[3497]	1314	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1315	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
[3449]	1316	#endif
[4360]	1317	!
[4341]	1318	!-- Allocation of arrays pcm_heating_rate, pcm_transpiration_rate and pcm_latent_rate
	1319	ALLOCATE( pcm_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1320	pcm_heating_rate = 0.0_wp
[4221]	1321
[3449]	1322	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[4341]	1323	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1324	pcm_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
	1325	ALLOCATE( pcm_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1326	pcm_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
[3449]	1327	ENDIF
[2696]	1328	!
[2011]	1329	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	1330	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	1331	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	1332	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	1333	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	1334	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	1335	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	1336	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	1337	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	1338	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	1339	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
[4341]	1340	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pcm_heating_rate)
	1341	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pcm_transpiration_rate, pcm_latent_rate)
[3449]	1342	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
	1343	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2213]	1344
[3449]	1345	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	1346	!
[2011]	1347	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	1348	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	1349	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1350	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1351	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1352	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	1353	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	1354	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1355	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	1356	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1357	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1358	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1359	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1360	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1361	ELSE
	1362	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1363	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	1364	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	1365	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1366	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1367	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1368	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1369	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1370	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1371	ENDIF
	1372	ENDDO
	1373	ENDDO
	1374	ENDDO
	1375
[4278]	1376	!
[2232]	1377	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	1378	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	1379	!-- Start with default surface type
	1380	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
[4278]	1381	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
	1382	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
[2232]	1383	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1384	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1385	ENDDO
[1484]	1386	!
[2232]	1387	!-- Natural surfaces
	1388	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
[4278]	1389	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
	1390	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
[2232]	1391	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1392	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1393	ENDDO
	1394	!
	1395	!-- Urban surfaces
	1396	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
[4278]	1397	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
	1398	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
[2232]	1399	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1400	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1401	ENDDO
	1402	!
	1403	!
[2011]	1404	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	1405	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	1406	!-- canopy.
	1407	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
[4341]	1408	!-- rate (pcm_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
[2232]	1409	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	1410	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	1411	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1412	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1413	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1414	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[4341]	1415	pcm_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
[3022]	1416	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
[2232]	1417	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	1418	ENDIF
	1419	ENDDO
[1721]	1420	ENDDO
	1421	ENDDO
[1484]	1422
	1423	ENDIF
	1424
[3885]	1425	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
[1484]	1426
[1826]	1427	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	1428
	1429
[2007]	1430	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1431	! Description:
	1432	! ------------
[2932]	1433	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	1434	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1435	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	1436
[2007]	1437	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1438
[2932]	1439	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	1440	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1441	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1442	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	1443	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1444	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1445	lai_beta, &
	1446	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1447	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1448	plant_canopy_transpiration
[2932]	1449
[2007]	1450	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1451	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1452	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1453	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1454	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1455	lai_beta, &
	1456	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1457	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1458	plant_canopy_transpiration
[3246]	1459
[2007]	1460	line = ' '
[3246]	1461
[2007]	1462	!
[4258]	1463	!-- Try to find plant-canopy model package
[2007]	1464	REWIND ( 11 )
	1465	line = ' '
[3248]	1466	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1467	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[2007]	1468	ENDDO
	1469	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1470
	1471	!
	1472	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1473	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
[2932]	1474
	1475	!
[4258]	1476	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2932]	1477	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
[3246]	1478
	1479	GOTO 14
	1480
	1481	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1482	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1483	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
[2932]	1484	!
	1485	!-- Try to find old namelist
[3246]	1486	12 REWIND ( 11 )
[2932]	1487	line = ' '
[3248]	1488	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1489	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
[2932]	1490	ENDDO
	1491	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1492
	1493	!
	1494	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1495	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
[2007]	1496
[2932]	1497	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
[3046]	1498	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	1499	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1500	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[3246]	1501
[2007]	1502	!
[4258]	1503	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2007]	1504	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1505
[3246]	1506	GOTO 14
[2007]	1507
[3246]	1508	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1509	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1510	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
[3246]	1511
	1512	14 CONTINUE
	1513
[2007]	1514	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1515
	1516
[1484]	1517	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1518	! Description:
	1519	! ------------
[2007]	1520	!
	1521	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1522	!>
	1523	!> num_levels
[2977]	1524	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1525	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1526	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1527	!> ...
	1528	!>
	1529	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1530	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1531	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1532	!>
	1533	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1534	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1535	!>
	1536	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1537	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1538	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1539	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1540
[2213]	1541	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1542	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1543	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1544	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
[3337]	1545	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1546	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1547	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
[2213]	1548
	1549	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1550
[2213]	1551	!
	1552	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1553	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1554
	1555	!
	1556	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1557	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1558	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1559	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1560	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[3337]	1561	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
	1562	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
[2977]	1563	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1564
[2213]	1565	DO
[2977]	1566	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1567	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1568
	1569	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1570	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1571	!
[2977]	1572	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1573	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1574	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1575	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1576	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1577	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1578	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1579	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1580	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1581	ENDIF
[4168]	1582	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3337]	1583	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
[2977]	1584	CASE DEFAULT
	1585	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1586	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1587	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1588	END SELECT
[2213]	1589	ENDDO
[2007]	1590
[2213]	1591	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1592	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1593
[2213]	1594	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1595	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1596
	1597	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1598	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1599
	1600	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1601
	1602	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[4360]	1603
[2007]	1604	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1605	! Description:
	1606	! ------------
[4360]	1607	!> Subroutine reads local (subdomain) restart data
	1608	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1609	SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local( k, nxlf, nxlc, nxl_on_file, nxrf, nxrc, &
	1610	nxr_on_file, nynf, nync, nyn_on_file, nysf, &
[4361]	1611	nysc, nys_on_file, found )
[4360]	1612
	1613	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	1614	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
	1615	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
	1616	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
	1617	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
	1618	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
	1619	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
	1620	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
	1621	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
	1622	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
	1623	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
	1624	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
	1625	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
	1626
	1627	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
	1628
	1629	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:pch_index, &
	1630	nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp, &
	1631	nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) :: tmp_3d2 !< temporary 3D array for entire vertical
	1632	!< extension of canopy layer
	1633	found = .TRUE.
	1634
	1635	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
	1636
	1637	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
	1638	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	1639	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1640	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	1641	ENDIF
	1642	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
	1643	pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
	1644	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
	1645
	1646	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
	1647	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	1648	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1649	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	1650	ENDIF
	1651	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
	1652	pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
	1653	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
	1654
	1655	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
	1656	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	1657	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1658	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	1659	ENDIF
	1660	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2
	1661	pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
	1662	tmp_3d2(0:pch_index,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
	1663
	1664	CASE DEFAULT
	1665
	1666	found = .FALSE.
	1667
	1668	END SELECT
	1669
	1670	END SUBROUTINE pcm_rrd_local
	1671
	1672	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1673	! Description:
	1674	! ------------
[1682]	1675	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1676	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1677	!>
	1678	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1679	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1680	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1681	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1682	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1683	!>
	1684	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1685	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1686	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1687	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1688	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1689	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1690	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1691	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1692	!>
	1693	!>
	1694	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1695	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1696	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1697
[1682]	1698	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1699	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1700	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1701	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	1702	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1703
[4335]	1704	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
	1705	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
	1706	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
	1707	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
	1708
[1682]	1709	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1710	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1711	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1712	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1713	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1714	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1715
	1716
	1717	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1718
	1719	!
[1484]	1720	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1721	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1722
	1723	!
	1724	!-- u-component
	1725	CASE ( 1 )
	1726	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1727	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1728	!
[4335]	1729	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
	1730	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
	1731	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
	1732	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4346]	1733	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
	1734	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
	1735	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )&
	1736	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4335]	1737	!
[2232]	1738	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4341]	1739	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1740
[4341]	1741	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1742	!
	1743	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
[4335]	1744	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1745	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1746	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1747	!-- than inside of the canopy.
[1484]	1748	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
[4335]	1749	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	1750	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	1751	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	1752	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	1753	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	1754	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4335]	1755	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp &
	1756	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
	1757	!
	1758	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	1759	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	1760	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	1761	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	1762	!-- point (j,i-1).
	1763	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp &
	1764	.AND. building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1765
	1766	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1767	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1768	!
	1769	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	1770	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	1771	lad_local * &
	1772	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1773	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1774	v(k,j,i) + &
	1775	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1776	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1777	)**2 + &
	1778	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1779	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1780	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1781	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1782	)**2 &
	1783	) * &
	1784	u(k,j,i)
	1785
	1786	!
	1787	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1788	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1789	!
	1790	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1791	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1792	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1793	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1794	ENDIF
	1795	!
	1796	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1797	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1798
[138]	1799	ENDDO
	1800	ENDDO
	1801	ENDDO
	1802
	1803	!
	1804	!-- v-component
	1805	CASE ( 2 )
	1806	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1807	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1808	!
[4335]	1809	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
	1810	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
	1811	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
	1812	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4346]	1813	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
	1814	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
	1815	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )&
	1816	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4335]	1817	!
[2232]	1818	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4341]	1819	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1820
[4341]	1821	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1822	!
	1823	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
[4335]	1824	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1825	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1826	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1827	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1828	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1829	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	1830	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	1831	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	1832	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	1833	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	1834	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4335]	1835	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp &
	1836	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
	1837	!
	1838	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	1839	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	1840	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	1841	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	1842	!-- point (j,i-1).
	1843	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp &
	1844	.AND. building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1845
	1846	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1847	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1848	!
	1849	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	1850	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	1851	lad_local * &
	1852	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1853	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1854	u(k,j,i) + &
	1855	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1856	)**2 + &
	1857	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1858	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1859	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1860	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1861	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1862	)**2 &
	1863	) * &
	1864	v(k,j,i)
	1865
	1866	!
	1867	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1868	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1869	!
	1870	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1871	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1872	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1873	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1874	ELSE
	1875	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1876	ENDIF
	1877	!
	1878	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1879	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1880
[138]	1881	ENDDO
	1882	ENDDO
	1883	ENDDO
	1884
	1885	!
	1886	!-- w-component
	1887	CASE ( 3 )
	1888	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1889	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1890	!
	1891	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4341]	1892	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[2317]	1893
[4341]	1894	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1895
	1896	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1897	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1898	!
	1899	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	1900	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	1901	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1902	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1903	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1904	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1905	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1906	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1907	)**2 + &
	1908	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1909	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1910	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1911	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1912	)**2 + &
	1913	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1914	) * &
	1915	w(k,j,i)
	1916	!
	1917	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1918	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1919	!
	1920	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1921	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1922	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1923	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1924	ELSE
	1925	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1926	ENDIF
	1927	!
	1928	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1929	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1930
[138]	1931	ENDDO
	1932	ENDDO
	1933	ENDDO
	1934
	1935	!
[153]	1936	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1937	CASE ( 4 )
[3449]	1938	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1939	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1940	DO j = nys, nyn
	1941	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	1942	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1943	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1944	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	1945	ENDDO
[153]	1946	ENDDO
	1947	ENDDO
[3449]	1948	ELSE
	1949	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1950	DO j = nys, nyn
	1951	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	1952	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1953	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1954	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	1955	ENDDO
	1956	ENDDO
	1957	ENDDO
	1958	ENDIF
[153]	1959
	1960	!
[1960]	1961	!-- humidity
[153]	1962	CASE ( 5 )
	1963	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1964	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1965	!
	1966	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	1967	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1968
[4341]	1969	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2232]	1970
[3449]	1971	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
[4341]	1972	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
[3449]	1973	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	1974	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	1975	! in the plant canopy box
[4342]	1976	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
	1977	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1978	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1979	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1980	)**2 + &
	1981	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1982	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1983	)**2 + &
	1984	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1985	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1986	)**2 &
	1987	) * &
	1988	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[3449]	1989	ENDIF
	1990
[4341]	1991	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1992	ENDDO
	1993	ENDDO
	1994	ENDDO
	1995
	1996	!
	1997	!-- sgs-tke
	1998	CASE ( 6 )
	1999	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2000	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	2001	!
	2002	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	2003	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2004
[4341]	2005	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	2006	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
[4342]	2007	2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1721]	2008	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	2009	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2010	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2011	)**2 + &
	2012	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2013	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2014	)**2 + &
	2015	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2016	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2017	)**2 &
	2018	) * &
	2019	e(k,j,i)
[138]	2020	ENDDO
	2021	ENDDO
	2022	ENDDO
[1960]	2023	!
	2024	!-- scalar concentration
	2025	CASE ( 7 )
	2026	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2027	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	2028	!
	2029	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4341]	2030	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)+1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2031
[4341]	2032	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	2033	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
[4342]	2034	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
[1960]	2035	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2036	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2037	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2038	)**2 + &
	2039	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2040	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2041	)**2 + &
	2042	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2043	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2044	)**2 &
	2045	) * &
[4342]	2046	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[1960]	2047	ENDDO
	2048	ENDDO
	2049	ENDDO
[1484]	2050
	2051
[1960]	2052
[138]	2053	CASE DEFAULT
	2054
[257]	2055	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	2056	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2057
	2058	END SELECT
	2059
[1826]	2060	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	2061
	2062
	2063	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	2064	! Description:
	2065	! ------------
[1682]	2066	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	2067	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	2068	!>
	2069	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	2070	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	2071	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	2072	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	2073	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	2074	!>
	2075	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	2076	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	2077	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	2078	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	2079	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	2080	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	2081	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	2082	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	2083	!>
	2084	!>
	2085	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	2086	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	2087	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	2088
[1682]	2089	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	2090	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2091	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2092	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	2093	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	2094
[4314]	2095	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
	2096	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
	2097	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
	2098	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
	2099
[1682]	2100	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	2101	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	2102	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	2103	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	2104	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	2105	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	2106
	2107
	2108	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	2109	!
[1484]	2110	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	2111	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	2112
	2113	!
[142]	2114	!-- u-component
[1484]	2115	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	2116	!
[4314]	2117	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
	2118	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
	2119	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
	2120	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4346]	2121	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2122	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
	2123	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2124	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4314]	2125	!
[2232]	2126	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4341]	2127	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,1) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2128
[4341]	2129	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,1) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2130
	2131	!
[1484]	2132	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	2133	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	2134	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	2135	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	2136	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	2137	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
[4314]	2138	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	2139	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	2140	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	2141	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	2142	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	2143	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4314]	2144	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2145	.NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
	2146	!
	2147	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	2148	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	2149	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	2150	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	2151	!-- point (j,i-1).
	2152	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2153	building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	2154
	2155	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2156	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	2157	!
	2158	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	2159	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	2160	lad_local * &
	2161	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2162	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	2163	v(k,j,i) + &
	2164	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2165	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	2166	)**2 + &
	2167	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	2168	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2169	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	2170	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2171	)**2 &
	2172	) * &
	2173	u(k,j,i)
	2174
	2175	!
	2176	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2177	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2178	!
	2179	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2180	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2181	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	2182	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2183	ELSE
	2184	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2185	ENDIF
	2186	!
	2187	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2188	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2189	ENDDO
	2190
	2191
	2192	!
[142]	2193	!-- v-component
[1484]	2194	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	2195	!
[4314]	2196	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
	2197	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
	2198	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
	2199	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4346]	2200	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2201	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
	2202	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2203	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4314]	2204	!
[2232]	2205	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4341]	2206	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,2) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	2207
[4341]	2208	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,2) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2209	!
[1484]	2210	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	2211	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	2212	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	2213	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	2214	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	2215	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
[4314]	2216	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	2217	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	2218	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	2219	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	2220	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	2221	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4314]	2222	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2223	.NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
	2224	!
	2225	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	2226	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	2227	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	2228	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	2229	!-- point (j,i-1).
	2230	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2231	building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	2232
	2233	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2234	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	2235	!
	2236	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	2237	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	2238	lad_local * &
	2239	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	2240	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	2241	u(k,j,i) + &
	2242	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2243	)**2 + &
	2244	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2245	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	2246	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2247	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	2248	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2249	)**2 &
	2250	) * &
	2251	v(k,j,i)
	2252
	2253	!
	2254	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2255	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2256	!
	2257	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2258	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2259	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	2260	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2261	ELSE
	2262	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2263	ENDIF
	2264	!
	2265	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2266	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2267	ENDDO
	2268
	2269
	2270	!
[142]	2271	!-- w-component
[1484]	2272	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	2273	!
	2274	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4341]	2275	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,3) + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[2317]	2276
[4341]	2277	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,3) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2278
[1484]	2279	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2280	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	2281	!
[1484]	2282	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
[4342]	2283	pre_tend = - canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1484]	2284	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	2285	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	2286	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2287	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	2288	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	2289	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	2290	)**2 + &
	2291	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2292	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2293	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	2294	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	2295	)**2 + &
	2296	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	2297	) * &
	2298	w(k,j,i)
	2299	!
	2300	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2301	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2302	!
	2303	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2304	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2305	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	2306	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2307	ELSE
	2308	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2309	ENDIF
	2310	!
	2311	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2312	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2313	ENDDO
	2314
	2315	!
[153]	2316	!-- potential temperature
	2317	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	2318	!
	2319	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[3449]	2320	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[4341]	2321	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2322	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2323	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
	2324	pcm_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2325	ENDDO
	2326	ELSE
[4341]	2327	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2328	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2329	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2330	ENDDO
	2331	ENDIF
[153]	2332
	2333	!
[1960]	2334	!-- humidity
[153]	2335	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	2336	!
	2337	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4341]	2338	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2339	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3449]	2340	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
[4341]	2341	! pcm_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
[3449]	2342	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	2343	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	2344	! in the plant canopy box
[4342]	2345	pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - leaf_scalar_exch_coeff &
[3582]	2346	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2347	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2348	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2349	)**2 + &
	2350	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2351	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2352	)**2 + &
	2353	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2354	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2355	)**2 &
	2356	) * &
[4342]	2357	( q(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[3449]	2358	ENDIF
[2232]	2359
[4341]	2360	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pcm_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[3014]	2361
[153]	2362	ENDDO
	2363
	2364	!
[142]	2365	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	2366	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	2367	!
	2368	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4341]	2369	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2370
[4341]	2371	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[1484]	2372	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
[4342]	2373	2.0_wp * canopy_drag_coeff * &
[1721]	2374	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	2375	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2376	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2377	)**2 + &
	2378	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2379	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2380	)**2 + &
	2381	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2382	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2383	)**2 &
	2384	) * &
	2385	e(k,j,i)
	2386	ENDDO
[1960]	2387
	2388	!
	2389	!-- scalar concentration
	2390	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	2391	!
	2392	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4341]	2393	DO k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + 1, topo_top_ind(j,i,0) + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2394
[4341]	2395	kk = k - topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[1960]	2396	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
[4342]	2397	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff * &
[1960]	2398	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2399	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2400	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2401	)**2 + &
	2402	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2403	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2404	)**2 + &
	2405	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2406	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2407	)**2 &
	2408	) * &
[4342]	2409	( s(k,j,i) - leaf_surface_conc )
[1960]	2410	ENDDO
[138]	2411
[142]	2412	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	2413
[257]	2414	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	2415	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2416
[142]	2417	END SELECT
[138]	2418
[1826]	2419	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	2420
[4360]	2421	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2422	! Description:
	2423	! ------------
	2424	!> Subroutine writes local (subdomain) restart data
	2425	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2426	SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
[2007]	2427
[4360]	2428	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	2429	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_heatrate_av' )
	2430	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_heatrate_av
	2431	ENDIF
	2432
	2433	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	2434	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_latentrate_av' )
	2435	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_latentrate_av
	2436	ENDIF
	2437
	2438	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	2439	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pcm_transpirationrate_av' )
	2440	WRITE ( 14 ) pcm_transpirationrate_av
	2441	ENDIF
	2442
	2443	END SUBROUTINE pcm_wrd_local
	2444
	2445
[138]	2446	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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