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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4340

Last change on this file since 4340 was 4335, checked in by suehring, 5 years ago
Plant canopy: implement fix for LAD on building edges also for the vectorl-optimized branch
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 99.8 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3655]	17	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[3885]	18	! Copyright 2017-2019 Institute of Computer Science of the
	19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
[2000]	20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	21	!
[257]	22	! Current revisions:
[2977]	23	! ------------------
[2214]	24	!
[4226]	25	!
[2214]	26	! Former revisions:
	27	! -----------------
	28	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4335 2019-12-12 16:39:05Z Giersch $
[4335]	29	! Fix for LAD at building edges also implemented in vector branch.
	30	!
	31	! 4331 2019-12-10 18:25:02Z suehring
[4331]	32	! Typo corrected
	33	!
	34	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
[4329]	35	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
	36	!
	37	! 4314 2019-11-29 10:29:20Z suehring
[4314]	38	! - Bugfix, plant canopy was still considered at building edges on for the u-
	39	! and v-component.
	40	! - Relax restriction of LAD on building tops. LAD is only omitted at
	41	! locations where building grid points emerged artificially by the
	42	! topography filtering.
	43	!
	44	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
[4309]	45	! Typo
	46	!
	47	! 4302 2019-11-22 13:15:56Z suehring
[4302]	48	! Omit tall canopy mapped on top of buildings
	49	!
	50	! 4279 2019-10-29 08:48:17Z scharf
[4279]	51	! unused variables removed
	52	!
	53	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z scharf
[4278]	54	! changed check for static driver and fixed bugs in initialization and header
	55	!
	56	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z suehring
[4258]	57	! Check if any LAD is prescribed when plant-canopy model is applied.
	58	!
	59	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
[4226]	60	! Bugfix, missing initialization of heating rate
	61	!
	62	! 4221 2019-09-09 08:50:35Z suehring
[4220]	63	! Further bugfix in 3d data output for plant canopy
	64	!
	65	! 4216 2019-09-04 09:09:03Z suehring
[4216]	66	! Bugfixes in 3d data output
	67	!
	68	! 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring
[4205]	69	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
	70	!
	71	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
[4188]	72	! Minor adjustment in error number
	73	!
	74	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
[4187]	75	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
	76	!
	77	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	78	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	79	!
	80	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
[4168]	81	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
	82	!
	83	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
[4127]	84	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
	85	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
	86	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
	87	! (merge from branch resler)
	88	!
	89	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	90	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	91	! of additional debug messages
	92	!
	93	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
[3761]	94	! unsed variables removed
	95	!
	96	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
[3745]	97	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
	98	! becomes > 40 degrees
	99	!
	100	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
[3685]	101	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	102	!
	103	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3614]	104	! unused variables removed
[3498]	105	!
[4182]	106	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	107	! Initial revision
	108	!
[138]	109	! Description:
	110	! ------------
[1682]	111	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	112	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	113	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	114	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[3744]	115	!
	116	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
[4216]	117	! @todo - unify variable names (pcm_, pc_, ...)
[138]	118	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	119	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	120
[1484]	121	USE arrays_3d, &
[3449]	122	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	123
[3449]	124	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	125	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
	126
[3885]	127	USE control_parameters, &
	128	ONLY: debug_output, humidity
[3449]	129
[1484]	130	USE indices, &
	131	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[4329]	132	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind, wall_flags_static_0
[1484]	133
	134	USE kinds
	135
[3449]	136	USE pegrid
	137
[1484]	138
	139	IMPLICIT NONE
	140
	141
[3449]	142	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
	143	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
	144	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
	145	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
[1484]	146
[3449]	147	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	148	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	149
[3449]	150	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
[2696]	151
[3449]	152	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	153
[2696]	154	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	155	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	156	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	157	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	158	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	159	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	160	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	161	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	162	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	163	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	164	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2768]	165	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2696]	166	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	167
[2696]	168	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	169	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	170
[2977]	171	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	172	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	173
[1682]	174	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	175	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	176
[4127]	177	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	178	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
	179	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
	180	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
	181	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
[1484]	182
[4127]	183	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
	184	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
	185	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
	186
[1484]	187	SAVE
	188
	189
[138]	190	PRIVATE
[1826]	191
	192	!
	193	!-- Public functions
[3449]	194	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, pcm_check_data_output, &
[4127]	195	pcm_check_parameters, pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
	196	pcm_data_output_3d, pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
[3449]	197	pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	198
[1826]	199	!
	200	!-- Public variables and constants
[3467]	201	PUBLIC cdc, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate, &
	202	canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, pch_index, &
	203	plant_canopy_transpiration
[1484]	204
[3449]	205	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	206	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	207	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	208
[2209]	209	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	210	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	211	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	212
[1826]	213	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	214	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	215	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	216
[4127]	217	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	218	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	219	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	220
[2209]	221	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	222	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	223	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	224
	225	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	226	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	227	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	228
	229	INTERFACE pcm_header
	230	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	231	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	232
	233	INTERFACE pcm_init
	234	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	235	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	236
[1826]	237	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	238	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	239	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	240
	241	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	242	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	243	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	244
	245	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	246	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	247	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	248	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	249
	250
[138]	251	CONTAINS
	252
[2209]	253
[3449]	254
[2209]	255	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	256	! Description:
	257	! ------------
[3449]	258	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
	259	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
	260	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
	261	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
	262	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
	263	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
	264	!> Tree Physiology 20).
	265	!>
	266	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
	267	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
	268	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
	269	!>
	270	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	271	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
	272
	273	USE control_parameters, &
	274	ONLY: dz
	275
	276	USE grid_variables, &
	277	ONLY: dx, dy
	278
	279	IMPLICIT NONE
	280	!-- input parameters
[4205]	281	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
	282	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
	283	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
	284	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
	285	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
[3449]	286
	287	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
[4205]	288	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
	289	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
	290	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
	291	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
	292	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
	293	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	294	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	295	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	296	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
	297	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
[3449]	298
	299
	300	!-- Temperature (deg C)
	301	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
	302	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
[4205]	303	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
[3449]	304	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
	305	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
	306	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
	307	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
	308	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
	309	!-- Wind speed
[3744]	310	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
[4205]	311	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
	312	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
[3449]	313	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
	314	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
	315	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
	316	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
	317	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
	318	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
[4205]	319	f1 = rad * (1000.0_wp+42.1_wp) / 1000.0_wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
[3449]	320	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
	321	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
[3744]	322	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
[3449]	323	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
	324	!-- Water pressure deficit
	325	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
	326	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
	327	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
	328	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
	329	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
	330	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
	331	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
[4205]	332	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
[3449]	333	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
	334	!-- Residual soil water content
	335	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
	336	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
	337	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
	338	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
[4205]	339	f4 = MAX(0.0_wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
[3449]	340	!-- Stomatal conductivity
	341	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
	342	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
[4205]	343	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
[3449]	344	!-- Decoupling factor
	345	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
[4205]	346	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
	347	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
[3449]	348	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
	349	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
	350	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
	351	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
	352	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
	353	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
	354	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
	355	!-- Evaporation rate
	356	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
	357	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
	358	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
	359	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
	360	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
	361	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
	362	!-- latent heat from evaporation
	363	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
	364
	365	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	366
	367
	368	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	369	! Description:
	370	! ------------
[2209]	371	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	372	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	373	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[4279]	374
[2209]	375	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	376	ONLY: message_string, urban_surface
[2209]	377
	378	IMPLICIT NONE
	379
	380	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	381	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	382
	383
	384	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	385
	386	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	387	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	388	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	389	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	390	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	391	ENDIF
[2209]	392	unit = 'K s-1'
	393
[3014]	394	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	395	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	396
[3449]	397	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	398	unit = 'K s-1'
	399
	400	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
	401	unit = 'K s-1'
	402
[2209]	403	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	404	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	405
	406
	407	CASE DEFAULT
	408	unit = 'illegal'
	409
	410	END SELECT
	411
	412
	413	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	414
	415
[1826]	416	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	417	! Description:
	418	! ------------
	419	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	420	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	421	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	422
[1826]	423	USE control_parameters, &
[4279]	424	ONLY: message_string
[2696]	425
[3274]	426	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	427	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
	428
[2696]	429	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
[4279]	430	ONLY: input_pids_static
	431
	432
[1826]	433	IMPLICIT NONE
	434
	435	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	436	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
[3046]	437	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	438	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	439	ENDIF
[4279]	440
[3045]	441	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
[1826]	442	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	443	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	444	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	445	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	446	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	447	ENDIF
[4279]	448
[1826]	449	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	450	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	451	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	452	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	453	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	454	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	455	ENDIF
	456
	457	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	458	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	459	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	460	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	461	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	462	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	463	'density profile'
[2768]	464	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	465	ENDIF
	466
[3274]	467	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
[1826]	468	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	469	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	470	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	471	ENDIF
[2696]	472	!
[4278]	473	!-- If canopy shall be read from file, static input file must be present
	474	IF ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) == 'read_from_file_3d' .AND. &
	475	.NOT. input_pids_static ) THEN
	476	message_string = 'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d requires ' // &
	477	'static input file'
[4188]	478	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0672', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	479	ENDIF
[1826]	480
	481
	482	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	483
	484
[138]	485	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	486	!
[1484]	487	! Description:
	488	! ------------
[4127]	489	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
[2209]	490	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4216]	491	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
[4127]	492
	493
	494	USE control_parameters
	495
	496	USE indices
	497
	498	USE kinds
	499
	500	IMPLICIT NONE
	501
	502	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
	503	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	504
	505	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	506	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	507	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	508
	509
	510	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
	511
	512	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	513
	514	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	515	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	516	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	517	ENDIF
	518	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	519
	520
	521	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	522	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	523	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	524	ENDIF
	525	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	526
	527
	528	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	529	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	530	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	531	ENDIF
	532	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	533
	534	CASE DEFAULT
	535	CONTINUE
	536
	537	END SELECT
	538
	539	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
	540
	541	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	542
	543	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	544	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	545	DO i = nxl, nxr
	546	DO j = nys, nyn
	547	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	548	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	549	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
	550	ENDDO
	551	ENDIF
	552	ENDDO
	553	ENDDO
	554	ENDIF
	555
	556
	557	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	558	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	559	DO i = nxl, nxr
	560	DO j = nys, nyn
	561	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	562	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	563	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
	564	ENDDO
	565	ENDIF
	566	ENDDO
	567	ENDDO
	568	ENDIF
	569
	570
	571	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	572	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	573	DO i = nxl, nxr
	574	DO j = nys, nyn
	575	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	576	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	577	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
	578	ENDDO
	579	ENDIF
	580	ENDDO
	581	ENDDO
	582	ENDIF
	583
	584	CASE DEFAULT
	585	CONTINUE
	586
	587	END SELECT
	588
	589	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
	590
	591	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	592
	593	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	594	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	595	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	596	DO j = nysg, nyng
	597	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	598	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	599	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
	600	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	601	ENDDO
	602	ENDIF
	603	ENDDO
	604	ENDDO
	605	ENDIF
	606
	607
	608	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	609	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	610	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	611	DO j = nysg, nyng
	612	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	613	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	614	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
	615	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	616	ENDDO
	617	ENDIF
	618	ENDDO
	619	ENDDO
	620	ENDIF
	621
	622
	623	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	624	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	625	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	626	DO j = nysg, nyng
	627	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	628	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	629	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
	630	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	631	ENDDO
	632	ENDIF
	633	ENDDO
	634	ENDDO
	635	ENDIF
	636
	637	END SELECT
	638
	639	ENDIF
	640
[4216]	641	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
[4127]	642
	643	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	644	!
	645	! Description:
	646	! ------------
	647	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
	648	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
	649	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
	650	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
	651	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	652	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	653	nzb_do, nzt_do )
	654
[2209]	655	USE indices
	656
	657	USE kinds
	658
	659
	660	IMPLICIT NONE
	661
[4216]	662	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< treated variable
[2209]	663
[4216]	664	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< flag indicating instantaneous or averaged data output
	665	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x-direction
	666	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y-direction
	667	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z-direction
[3014]	668	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	669	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	670
[4216]	671	LOGICAL :: found !< flag indicating if variable is found
[2209]	672
[4216]	673	REAL(wp) :: fill_value !< fill value
	674	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !< data output array
[2209]	675
	676
	677	found = .TRUE.
	678
[2696]	679	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	680
	681	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
[4216]	682	!
	683	!-- Note, to save memory arrays for heating are allocated from 0:pch_index.
	684	!-- Thus, output must be relative to these array indices. Further, check
	685	!-- whether the output is within the vertical output range,
[4220]	686	!-- i.e. nzb_do:nzt_do, which is necessary as local_pf is only allocated
	687	!-- for this index space. Note, plant-canopy output has a separate
	688	!-- vertical output coordinate zlad, so that output is mapped down to the
	689	!-- surface.
[4127]	690	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	691	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	692	DO i = nxl, nxr
	693	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	694	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	695	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	696	ENDDO
[4127]	697	ENDDO
	698	ENDDO
	699	ELSE
	700	DO i = nxl, nxr
	701	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	702	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	703	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	704	ENDDO
	705	ENDDO
	706	ENDDO
	707	ENDIF
[3449]	708
	709	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
[4127]	710	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	711	DO i = nxl, nxr
	712	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	713	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	714	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	715	ENDDO
[4127]	716	ENDDO
	717	ENDDO
	718	ELSE
	719	DO i = nxl, nxr
	720	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	721	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	722	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	723	ENDDO
	724	ENDDO
	725	ENDDO
	726	ENDIF
[3449]	727
[4127]	728	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	729	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	730	DO i = nxl, nxr
	731	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	732	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	733	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	734	ENDDO
[4127]	735	ENDDO
	736	ENDDO
	737	ELSE
	738	DO i = nxl, nxr
	739	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	740	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	741	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	742	ENDDO
	743	ENDDO
	744	ENDDO
	745	ENDIF
	746
[3449]	747	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
[4127]	748	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	749	DO i = nxl, nxr
	750	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	751	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	752	IF ( pc_latent_rate(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	753	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) / &
	754	pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	755	ENDIF
	756	ENDDO
[4127]	757	ENDDO
	758	ENDDO
[4216]	759	ELSE
	760	DO i = nxl, nxr
	761	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	762	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	763	IF ( pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	764	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) / &
	765	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
[4216]	766	ENDIF
	767	ENDDO
	768	ENDDO
	769	ENDDO
[4127]	770	ENDIF
[3449]	771
[4127]	772	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	773	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	774	DO i = nxl, nxr
	775	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	776	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	777	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
[4216]	778	ENDDO
[4127]	779	ENDDO
	780	ENDDO
	781	ENDIF
	782
[2209]	783	CASE DEFAULT
	784	found = .FALSE.
	785
	786	END SELECT
	787
	788
	789	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	790
	791	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	792	!
	793	! Description:
	794	! ------------
	795	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	796	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	797	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	798	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	799
	800	IMPLICIT NONE
	801
	802	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	803	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	804	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	805	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	806	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	807
	808	found = .TRUE.
	809
	810	!
	811	!-- Check for the grid
	812	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	813
[3449]	814	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate', 'pcm_bowenratio')
[2209]	815	grid_x = 'x'
	816	grid_y = 'y'
[4127]	817	grid_z = 'zpc'
[2209]	818
	819	CASE DEFAULT
	820	found = .FALSE.
	821	grid_x = 'none'
	822	grid_y = 'none'
	823	grid_z = 'none'
	824	END SELECT
	825
	826	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	827
	828
	829	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	830	! Description:
	831	! ------------
[1826]	832	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	833	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	834	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	835
	836	USE control_parameters, &
[3065]	837	ONLY: passive_scalar
[1826]	838
	839
	840	IMPLICIT NONE
	841
	842	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	843
	844	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	845	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	846	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	847	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	848
	849	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	850	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	851	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	852
	853	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	854
[3065]	855	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1826]	856
	857	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	858	canopy_drag_coeff
	859	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	860	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	861	leaf_surface_conc
	862	ENDIF
	863
	864	!
	865	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	866	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	867
	868	!
	869	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	870	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	871	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	872
	873	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	874	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	875	gradients = '------'
	876	slices = ' 0'
	877	coordinates = ' 0.0'
[4278]	878	DO i = 1, UBOUND(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind, DIM=1)
	879	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) /= -9999 ) THEN
[1826]	880
[4278]	881	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	882	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	883
[4278]	884	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	885	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	886
[4278]	887	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	888	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	889
[4278]	890	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	891	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	892	ELSE
	893	EXIT
	894	ENDIF
[1826]	895	ENDDO
	896
	897	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	898	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	899
	900	ELSE
	901
	902	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	903	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	904
	905	DO k = 1, pch_index
	906
	907	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	908	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	909	TRIM( coor_chr )
	910
	911	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	912	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	913
	914	ENDDO
	915
	916	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	917	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	918
	919	ENDIF
	920
	921	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	922	' ------------------------------'// &
	923	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	924	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	925	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	926	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	927	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	928	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	929	' K m/s')
	930	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	931	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	932	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	933	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	934	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	935	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	936	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	937	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	938	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	939	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	940	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	941
	942	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	943
	944
	945	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	946	! Description:
	947	! ------------
[1682]	948	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	949	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	950	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	951
	952
	953	USE control_parameters, &
[3614]	954	ONLY: message_string, ocean_mode
[1484]	955
[2696]	956	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	957	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	958
[4302]	959	USE pegrid
	960
[2232]	961	USE surface_mod, &
	962	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	963
	964	IMPLICIT NONE
	965
[2007]	966	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	967	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	968	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	969	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	970
[4258]	971	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[2007]	972	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
[4258]	973	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	974	REAL(wp) :: lad_max !< maximum LAD value in the model domain, used to perform a check
[3241]	975
[3885]	976	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
[1484]	977	!
	978	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	979	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	980	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	981	lad = 0.0_wp
	982	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	983
	984	!
[1826]	985	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	986	!-- a beta probability density function
	987	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	988	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	989	ENDIF
	990
	991
	992	!
[1484]	993	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	994	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	995	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	996	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	997	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	998	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	999
	1000	!
	1001	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	1002	i = 1
	1003	gradient = 0.0_wp
	1004
[3294]	1005	IF ( .NOT. ocean_mode ) THEN
[1484]	1006
	1007	lad(0) = lad_surface
	1008	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	1009
	1010	DO k = 1, pch_index
	1011	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	1012	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	1013	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1014	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	1015	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	1016	i = i + 1
	1017	ENDIF
	1018	ENDIF
	1019	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1020	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	1021	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	1022	ELSE
	1023	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	1024	ENDIF
	1025	ELSE
	1026	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	1027	ENDIF
	1028	ENDDO
	1029
	1030	ENDIF
	1031
	1032	!
	1033	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	1034	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	1035	!-- file.
	1036	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1037	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	1038	ENDIF
	1039
	1040	ELSE
	1041
	1042	!
	1043	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	1044	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
[3065]	1045	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1484]	1046
[2232]	1047	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	1048	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	1049	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1050	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1051	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1052	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	1053	ENDDO
	1054
	1055	!
	1056	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	1057	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	1058	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	1059	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1060	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1061	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	1062	) / canopy_height
[1484]	1063	ENDDO
	1064
	1065	!
	1066	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	1067	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	1068	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	1069	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	1070	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	1071	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
[4302]	1072	ENDDO
[1484]	1073
	1074	ENDIF
	1075
	1076	!
[2213]	1077	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	1078	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1079	!
	1080	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1081	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1082	!-- with the prescribed values
	1083	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	1084	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	1085	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	1086
	1087	!
	1088	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	1089	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	1090	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	1091	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	1092
	1093	CASE( 'block' )
	1094
	1095	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1096	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1097	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	1098	ENDDO
	1099	ENDDO
	1100
[2007]	1101	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	1102	!
[2696]	1103	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	1104	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	1105	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	1106	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	1107	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1108	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	1109	!
	1110	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	1111	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	1112	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	1113
	1114	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1115	DO j = nys, nyn
	1116	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
[3864]	1117	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	1118	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
[2696]	1119	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	1120	ENDDO
[4302]	1121	!
	1122	!-- Check if resolved vegetation is mapped onto buildings.
[4314]	1123	!-- In general, this is allowed and also meaningful, e.g.
	1124	!-- when trees carry across roofs. However, due to the
	1125	!-- topography filtering, new building grid points can emerge
	1126	!-- at location where also plant canopy is defined. As a
	1127	!-- result, plant canopy is mapped on top of roofs, with
	1128	!-- siginficant impact on the downstream flow field and the
	1129	!-- nearby surface radiation. In order to avoid that
	1130	!-- plant canopy is mistakenly mapped onto building roofs,
	1131	!-- check for building grid points (bit 6) that emerge from
	1132	!-- the filtering (bit 4) and set LAD to zero at these
	1133	!-- artificially created building grid points. This case,
	1134	!-- an informative message is given.
[4302]	1135	IF ( ANY( lad_s(:,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) .AND. &
[4329]	1136	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	1137	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 4 ) ) ) THEN
[4302]	1138	lad_s(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
	1139	WRITE( message_string, * ) &
[4314]	1140	'Resolved plant-canopy is ' // &
	1141	'defined on top of an artificially '// &
	1142	'created building grid point ' // &
[4331]	1143	'(emerged from the filtering) - ' // &
[4314]	1144	'LAD profile is omitted at this ' // &
	1145	'grid point: (i,j) = ', i, j
[4302]	1146	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0313', 0, 0, myid, 6, 0 )
	1147	ENDIF
[2696]	1148	ENDDO
	1149	ENDDO
	1150	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	1151	!
	1152	! ASCII file
[2007]	1153	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1154	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1155	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	1156	!-- each location).
[2696]	1157	ELSE
	1158	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1159	ENDIF
[2007]	1160
[1484]	1161	CASE DEFAULT
	1162	!
[2007]	1163	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	1164	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	1165	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	1166	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	1167	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	1168	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	1169
	1170	END SELECT
[2696]	1171	!
[4258]	1172	!-- Check that at least one grid point has an LAD /= 0, else this may
	1173	!-- cause errors in the radiation model.
	1174	lad_max = MAXVAL( lad_s )
	1175	#if defined( __parallel )
	1176	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_max, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, &
	1177	comm2d, ierr)
	1178	#endif
	1179	IF ( lad_max <= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1180	message_string = 'Plant-canopy model is switched-on but no ' // &
	1181	'plant canopy is present in the model domain.'
	1182	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0685', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1183	ENDIF
	1184
	1185	!
[2696]	1186	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	1187	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1188	pch_index_ji = 0
[4187]	1189
[2696]	1190	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1191	DO j = nys, nyn
	1192	DO k = 0, pch_index
	1193	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	1194	ENDDO
[1484]	1195	!
[2696]	1196	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	1197	!-- height of the model domain.
[4168]	1198	k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2696]	1199	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	1200	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	1201	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
[4187]	1202	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	1203	ENDIF
	1204
	1205	ENDDO
	1206	ENDDO
	1207
	1208	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
[3497]	1209	!
[3449]	1210	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
[3497]	1211	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
[4187]	1212
	1213
[3497]	1214	!
[3449]	1215	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
	1216	#if defined( __parallel )
[3497]	1217	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1218	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
[3449]	1219	#endif
	1220
	1221	!-- Allocation of arrays pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate and pc_latent_rate
	1222	ALLOCATE( pc_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[4221]	1223	pc_heating_rate = 0.0_wp
	1224
[3449]	1225	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1226	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1227	pc_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
	1228	ALLOCATE( pc_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1229	pc_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
	1230	ENDIF
[2696]	1231	!
[2011]	1232	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	1233	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	1234	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	1235	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	1236	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	1237	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	1238	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	1239	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	1240	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	1241	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	1242	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
[3449]	1243	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	1244	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate)
	1245	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
	1246	!-- We cannot use variable radiation_interactions here to determine the situation
	1247	!-- as it is assigned in init_3d_model after the call of pcm_init.
	1248	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2213]	1249
[3449]	1250	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	1251	!
[2011]	1252	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	1253	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	1254	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1255	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1256	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1257	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	1258	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	1259	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1260	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	1261	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1262	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1263	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1264	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1265	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1266	ELSE
	1267	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1268	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	1269	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	1270	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1271	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1272	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1273	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1274	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1275	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1276	ENDIF
	1277	ENDDO
	1278	ENDDO
	1279	ENDDO
	1280
[4278]	1281	!
[2232]	1282	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	1283	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	1284	!-- Start with default surface type
	1285	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
[4278]	1286	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
	1287	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
[2232]	1288	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	1289	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1290	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1291	ENDDO
[1484]	1292	!
[2232]	1293	!-- Natural surfaces
	1294	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
[4278]	1295	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
	1296	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
[2232]	1297	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	1298	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1299	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1300	ENDDO
	1301	!
	1302	!-- Urban surfaces
	1303	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
[4278]	1304	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
	1305	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
[2232]	1306	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	1307	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1308	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1309	ENDDO
	1310	!
	1311	!
[2011]	1312	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	1313	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	1314	!-- canopy.
	1315	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	1316	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	1317	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	1318	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	1319	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1320	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1321	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1322	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3022]	1323	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	1324	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
[2232]	1325	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	1326	ENDIF
	1327	ENDDO
[1721]	1328	ENDDO
	1329	ENDDO
[1484]	1330
	1331	ENDIF
	1332
[3885]	1333	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
[1484]	1334
[3685]	1335
[1826]	1336	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	1337
	1338
[2007]	1339	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1340	! Description:
	1341	! ------------
[2932]	1342	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	1343	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1344	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	1345
[2746]	1346	USE control_parameters, &
[2932]	1347	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
[2007]	1348
	1349	IMPLICIT NONE
	1350
	1351	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1352
[2932]	1353	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	1354	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1355	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1356	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	1357	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1358	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1359	lai_beta, &
	1360	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1361	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1362	plant_canopy_transpiration
[2932]	1363
[2007]	1364	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1365	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1366	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1367	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1368	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1369	lai_beta, &
	1370	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1371	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1372	plant_canopy_transpiration
[3246]	1373
[2007]	1374	line = ' '
[3246]	1375
[2007]	1376	!
[4258]	1377	!-- Try to find plant-canopy model package
[2007]	1378	REWIND ( 11 )
	1379	line = ' '
[3248]	1380	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1381	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[2007]	1382	ENDDO
	1383	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1384
	1385	!
	1386	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1387	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
[2932]	1388
	1389	!
[4258]	1390	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2932]	1391	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
[3246]	1392
	1393	GOTO 14
	1394
	1395	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1396	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1397	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
[2932]	1398	!
	1399	!-- Try to find old namelist
[3246]	1400	12 REWIND ( 11 )
[2932]	1401	line = ' '
[3248]	1402	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1403	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
[2932]	1404	ENDDO
	1405	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1406
	1407	!
	1408	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1409	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
[2007]	1410
[2932]	1411	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
[3046]	1412	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	1413	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1414	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[3246]	1415
[2007]	1416	!
[4258]	1417	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2007]	1418	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1419
[3246]	1420	GOTO 14
[2007]	1421
[3246]	1422	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1423	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1424	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
[3246]	1425
	1426	14 CONTINUE
	1427
	1428
[2007]	1429	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1430
	1431
	1432
[1484]	1433	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1434	! Description:
	1435	! ------------
[2007]	1436	!
	1437	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1438	!>
	1439	!> num_levels
[2977]	1440	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1441	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1442	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1443	!> ...
	1444	!>
	1445	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1446	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1447	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1448	!>
	1449	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1450	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1451	!>
	1452	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1453	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1454	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1455	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1456
	1457	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	1458	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2007]	1459
[2213]	1460	USE indices, &
	1461	ONLY: nbgp
	1462
	1463	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1464
[2213]	1465	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1466	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1467	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1468	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
[3337]	1469	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1470	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1471	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
[2213]	1472
	1473	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1474
[2213]	1475	!
	1476	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1477	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1478
	1479	!
	1480	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1481	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1482	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1483	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1484	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[3337]	1485	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
	1486	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
[2977]	1487	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1488
[2213]	1489	DO
[2977]	1490	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1491	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1492
	1493	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1494	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1495	!
[2977]	1496	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1497	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1498	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1499	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1500	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1501	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1502	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1503	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1504	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1505	ENDIF
[4168]	1506	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3337]	1507	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
[2977]	1508	CASE DEFAULT
	1509	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1510	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1511	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1512	END SELECT
[2213]	1513	ENDDO
[2007]	1514
[2213]	1515	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1516	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1517
[2213]	1518	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1519	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1520
	1521	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1522	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1523
	1524	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1525
	1526	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1527
	1528
	1529
	1530	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1531	! Description:
	1532	! ------------
[1682]	1533	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1534	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1535	!>
	1536	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1537	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1538	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1539	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1540	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1541	!>
	1542	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1543	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1544	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1545	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1546	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1547	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1548	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1549	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1550	!>
	1551	!>
	1552	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1553	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1554	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1555
	1556
[1320]	1557	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1558	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1559
	1560	USE kinds
	1561
[138]	1562	IMPLICIT NONE
	1563
[1682]	1564	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1565	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1566	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1567	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1568	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1569	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1570
[4335]	1571	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
	1572	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
	1573	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
	1574	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
	1575
[1682]	1576	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1577	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1578	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1579	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1580	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1581	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1582
	1583
	1584	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1585
	1586	!
[1484]	1587	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1588	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1589
	1590	!
	1591	!-- u-component
	1592	CASE ( 1 )
	1593	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1594	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1595	!
[4335]	1596	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
	1597	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
	1598	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
	1599	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
	1600	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
	1601	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
	1602	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )&
	1603	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
	1604	!
[2232]	1605	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	1606	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	1607	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1608
[2232]	1609	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1610	!
	1611	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
[4335]	1612	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1613	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1614	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1615	!-- than inside of the canopy.
[1484]	1616	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
[4335]	1617	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	1618	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	1619	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	1620	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	1621	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	1622	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4335]	1623	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp &
	1624	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
	1625	!
	1626	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	1627	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	1628	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	1629	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	1630	!-- point (j,i-1).
	1631	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp &
	1632	.AND. building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1633
	1634	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1635	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1636	!
	1637	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1638	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1639	lad_local * &
	1640	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1641	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1642	v(k,j,i) + &
	1643	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1644	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1645	)**2 + &
	1646	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1647	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1648	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1649	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1650	)**2 &
	1651	) * &
	1652	u(k,j,i)
	1653
	1654	!
	1655	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1656	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1657	!
	1658	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1659	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1660	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1661	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1662	ELSE
	1663	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1664	ENDIF
	1665	!
	1666	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1667	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1668
[138]	1669	ENDDO
	1670	ENDDO
	1671	ENDDO
	1672
	1673	!
	1674	!-- v-component
	1675	CASE ( 2 )
	1676	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1677	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1678	!
[4335]	1679	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
	1680	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
	1681	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
	1682	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
	1683	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
	1684	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
	1685	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )&
	1686	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
	1687	!
[2232]	1688	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	1689	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2317]	1690
[2696]	1691	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1692
[2232]	1693	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1694	!
	1695	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
[4335]	1696	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1697	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1698	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1699	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1700	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1701	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	1702	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	1703	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	1704	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	1705	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	1706	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4335]	1707	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp &
	1708	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
	1709	!
	1710	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	1711	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	1712	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	1713	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	1714	!-- point (j,i-1).
	1715	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp &
	1716	.AND. building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1717
	1718	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1719	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1720	!
	1721	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1722	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1723	lad_local * &
	1724	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1725	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1726	u(k,j,i) + &
	1727	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1728	)**2 + &
	1729	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1730	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1731	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1732	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1733	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1734	)**2 &
	1735	) * &
	1736	v(k,j,i)
	1737
	1738	!
	1739	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1740	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1741	!
	1742	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1743	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1744	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1745	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1746	ELSE
	1747	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1748	ENDIF
	1749	!
	1750	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1751	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1752
[138]	1753	ENDDO
	1754	ENDDO
	1755	ENDDO
	1756
	1757	!
	1758	!-- w-component
	1759	CASE ( 3 )
	1760	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1761	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1762	!
	1763	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	1764	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	1765
[2696]	1766	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1767
[2232]	1768	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1769
[1484]	1770	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1771	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1772	!
	1773	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1774	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1775	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1776	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1777	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1778	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1779	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1780	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1781	)**2 + &
	1782	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1783	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1784	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1785	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1786	)**2 + &
	1787	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1788	) * &
	1789	w(k,j,i)
	1790	!
	1791	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1792	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1793	!
	1794	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1795	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1796	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1797	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1798	ELSE
	1799	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1800	ENDIF
	1801	!
	1802	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1803	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1804
[138]	1805	ENDDO
	1806	ENDDO
	1807	ENDDO
	1808
	1809	!
[153]	1810	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1811	CASE ( 4 )
[3449]	1812	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1813	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1814	DO j = nys, nyn
	1815	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1816	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1817	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1818	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1819	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
	1820	ENDDO
[153]	1821	ENDDO
	1822	ENDDO
[3449]	1823	ELSE
	1824	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1825	DO j = nys, nyn
	1826	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1827	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1828	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1829	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1830	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	1831	ENDDO
	1832	ENDDO
	1833	ENDDO
	1834	ENDIF
[153]	1835
	1836	!
[1960]	1837	!-- humidity
[153]	1838	CASE ( 5 )
	1839	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1840	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1841	!
	1842	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1843	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1844
[2696]	1845	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1846
	1847	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3014]	1848
[3449]	1849	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	1850	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	1851	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	1852	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	1853	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	1854	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1855	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1856	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1857	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1858	)**2 + &
	1859	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1860	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1861	)**2 + &
	1862	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1863	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1864	)**2 &
	1865	) * &
[3449]	1866	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1867	ENDIF
	1868
[3014]	1869	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1870	ENDDO
	1871	ENDDO
	1872	ENDDO
	1873
	1874	!
	1875	!-- sgs-tke
	1876	CASE ( 6 )
	1877	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1878	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1879	!
	1880	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1881	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1882
[2696]	1883	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1884
	1885	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1886	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1887	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1888	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1889	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1890	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1891	)**2 + &
	1892	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1893	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1894	)**2 + &
	1895	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1896	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1897	)**2 &
	1898	) * &
	1899	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1900	ENDDO
	1901	ENDDO
	1902	ENDDO
[1960]	1903	!
	1904	!-- scalar concentration
	1905	CASE ( 7 )
	1906	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1907	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1908	!
	1909	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1910	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1911
[2696]	1912	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1913
	1914	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1915	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1916	lsec * &
	1917	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1918	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1919	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1920	)**2 + &
	1921	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1922	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1923	)**2 + &
	1924	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1925	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1926	)**2 &
	1927	) * &
	1928	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1929	ENDDO
	1930	ENDDO
	1931	ENDDO
[1484]	1932
	1933
[1960]	1934
[138]	1935	CASE DEFAULT
	1936
[257]	1937	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1938	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1939
	1940	END SELECT
	1941
[1826]	1942	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1943
	1944
	1945	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1946	! Description:
	1947	! ------------
[1682]	1948	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1949	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1950	!>
	1951	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1952	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1953	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1954	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1955	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1956	!>
	1957	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1958	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1959	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1960	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1961	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1962	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1963	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1964	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1965	!>
	1966	!>
	1967	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1968	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1969	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1970
	1971
[1320]	1972	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1973	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1974
	1975	USE kinds
	1976
[138]	1977	IMPLICIT NONE
	1978
[1682]	1979	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1980	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1981	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1982	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1983	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1984	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1985
[4314]	1986	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
	1987	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
	1988	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
	1989	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
	1990
[1682]	1991	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1992	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1993	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1994	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1995	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1996	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1997
	1998
	1999	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	2000	!
[1484]	2001	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	2002	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	2003
	2004	!
[142]	2005	!-- u-component
[1484]	2006	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	2007	!
[4314]	2008	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
	2009	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
	2010	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
	2011	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4329]	2012	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2013	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
	2014	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2015	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4314]	2016	!
[2232]	2017	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	2018	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	2019	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	2020
[2696]	2021	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2022
	2023	!
[1484]	2024	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	2025	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	2026	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	2027	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	2028	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	2029	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
[4314]	2030	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	2031	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	2032	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	2033	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	2034	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	2035	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4314]	2036	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2037	.NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
	2038	!
	2039	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	2040	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	2041	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	2042	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	2043	!-- point (j,i-1).
	2044	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2045	building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	2046
	2047	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2048	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	2049	!
	2050	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	2051	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	2052	lad_local * &
	2053	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2054	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	2055	v(k,j,i) + &
	2056	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2057	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	2058	)**2 + &
	2059	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	2060	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2061	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	2062	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2063	)**2 &
	2064	) * &
	2065	u(k,j,i)
	2066
	2067	!
	2068	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2069	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2070	!
	2071	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2072	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2073	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	2074	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2075	ELSE
	2076	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2077	ENDIF
	2078	!
	2079	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2080	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2081	ENDDO
	2082
	2083
	2084	!
[142]	2085	!-- v-component
[1484]	2086	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	2087	!
[4314]	2088	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
	2089	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
	2090	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
	2091	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4329]	2092	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2093	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
	2094	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2095	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4314]	2096	!
[2232]	2097	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	2098	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2696]	2099	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	2100
[2232]	2101	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2102	!
[1484]	2103	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	2104	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	2105	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	2106	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	2107	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	2108	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
[4314]	2109	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	2110	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	2111	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	2112	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	2113	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	2114	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4314]	2115	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2116	.NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
	2117	!
	2118	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	2119	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	2120	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	2121	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	2122	!-- point (j,i-1).
	2123	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2124	building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	2125
	2126	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2127	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	2128	!
	2129	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	2130	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	2131	lad_local * &
	2132	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	2133	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	2134	u(k,j,i) + &
	2135	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2136	)**2 + &
	2137	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2138	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	2139	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2140	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	2141	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2142	)**2 &
	2143	) * &
	2144	v(k,j,i)
	2145
	2146	!
	2147	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2148	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2149	!
	2150	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2151	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2152	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	2153	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2154	ELSE
	2155	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2156	ENDIF
	2157	!
	2158	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2159	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2160	ENDDO
	2161
	2162
	2163	!
[142]	2164	!-- w-component
[1484]	2165	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	2166	!
	2167	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	2168	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	2169
[2696]	2170	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	2171
[2232]	2172	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	2173
[1484]	2174	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2175	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	2176	!
[1484]	2177	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	2178	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	2179	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	2180	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	2181	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2182	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	2183	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	2184	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	2185	)**2 + &
	2186	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2187	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2188	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	2189	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	2190	)**2 + &
	2191	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	2192	) * &
	2193	w(k,j,i)
	2194	!
	2195	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2196	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2197	!
	2198	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2199	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2200	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	2201	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2202	ELSE
	2203	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2204	ENDIF
	2205	!
	2206	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2207	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2208	ENDDO
	2209
	2210	!
[153]	2211	!-- potential temperature
	2212	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	2213	!
	2214	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2215	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2216
[3449]	2217	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2218	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2219	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3582]	2220	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
	2221	pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2222	ENDDO
	2223	ELSE
	2224	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2225	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2226	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	2227	ENDDO
	2228	ENDIF
[153]	2229
	2230	!
[1960]	2231	!-- humidity
[153]	2232	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	2233	!
	2234	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2235	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2236
[2696]	2237	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[3014]	2238	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3449]	2239	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	2240	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	2241	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	2242	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	2243	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	2244	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	2245	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2246	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2247	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2248	)**2 + &
	2249	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2250	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2251	)**2 + &
	2252	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2253	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2254	)**2 &
	2255	) * &
[3449]	2256	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2257	ENDIF
[2232]	2258
[3014]	2259	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
	2260
[153]	2261	ENDDO
	2262
	2263	!
[142]	2264	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	2265	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	2266	!
	2267	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2268	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2269
[2696]	2270	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2271
	2272	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	2273	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2274	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	2275	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	2276	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2277	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2278	)**2 + &
	2279	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2280	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2281	)**2 + &
	2282	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2283	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2284	)**2 &
	2285	) * &
	2286	e(k,j,i)
	2287	ENDDO
[1960]	2288
	2289	!
	2290	!-- scalar concentration
	2291	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	2292	!
	2293	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2294	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2295
[2696]	2296	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2297
	2298	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	2299	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2300	lsec * &
	2301	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2302	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2303	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2304	)**2 + &
	2305	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2306	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2307	)**2 + &
	2308	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2309	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2310	)**2 &
	2311	) * &
	2312	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2313	ENDDO
[138]	2314
[142]	2315	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	2316
[257]	2317	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	2318	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2319
[142]	2320	END SELECT
[138]	2321
[1826]	2322	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	2323
[2007]	2324
	2325
[138]	2326	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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