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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4329

Last change on this file since 4329 was 4329, checked in by motisi, 4 years ago
Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 96.3 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3655]	17	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[3885]	18	! Copyright 2017-2019 Institute of Computer Science of the
	19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
[2000]	20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	21	!
[257]	22	! Current revisions:
[2977]	23	! ------------------
[2214]	24	!
[4226]	25	!
[2214]	26	! Former revisions:
	27	! -----------------
	28	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi $
[4329]	29	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
	30	!
	31	! 4314 2019-11-29 10:29:20Z suehring
[4314]	32	! - Bugfix, plant canopy was still considered at building edges on for the u-
	33	! and v-component.
	34	! - Relax restriction of LAD on building tops. LAD is only omitted at
	35	! locations where building grid points emerged artificially by the
	36	! topography filtering.
	37	!
	38	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
[4309]	39	! Typo
	40	!
	41	! 4302 2019-11-22 13:15:56Z suehring
[4302]	42	! Omit tall canopy mapped on top of buildings
	43	!
	44	! 4279 2019-10-29 08:48:17Z scharf
[4279]	45	! unused variables removed
	46	!
	47	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z scharf
[4278]	48	! changed check for static driver and fixed bugs in initialization and header
	49	!
	50	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z suehring
[4258]	51	! Check if any LAD is prescribed when plant-canopy model is applied.
	52	!
	53	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
[4226]	54	! Bugfix, missing initialization of heating rate
	55	!
	56	! 4221 2019-09-09 08:50:35Z suehring
[4220]	57	! Further bugfix in 3d data output for plant canopy
	58	!
	59	! 4216 2019-09-04 09:09:03Z suehring
[4216]	60	! Bugfixes in 3d data output
	61	!
	62	! 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring
[4205]	63	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
	64	!
	65	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
[4188]	66	! Minor adjustment in error number
	67	!
	68	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
[4187]	69	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
	70	!
	71	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	72	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	73	!
	74	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
[4168]	75	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
	76	!
	77	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
[4127]	78	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
	79	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
	80	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
	81	! (merge from branch resler)
	82	!
	83	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	84	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	85	! of additional debug messages
	86	!
	87	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
[3761]	88	! unsed variables removed
	89	!
	90	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
[3745]	91	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
	92	! becomes > 40 degrees
	93	!
	94	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
[3685]	95	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	96	!
	97	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3614]	98	! unused variables removed
[3498]	99	!
[4182]	100	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	101	! Initial revision
	102	!
[138]	103	! Description:
	104	! ------------
[1682]	105	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	106	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	107	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	108	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[3744]	109	!
	110	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
[4216]	111	! @todo - unify variable names (pcm_, pc_, ...)
[138]	112	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	113	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	114
[1484]	115	USE arrays_3d, &
[3449]	116	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	117
[3449]	118	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	119	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
	120
[3885]	121	USE control_parameters, &
	122	ONLY: debug_output, humidity
[3449]	123
[1484]	124	USE indices, &
	125	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[4329]	126	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind, wall_flags_static_0
[1484]	127
	128	USE kinds
	129
[3449]	130	USE pegrid
	131
[1484]	132
	133	IMPLICIT NONE
	134
	135
[3449]	136	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
	137	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
	138	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
	139	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
[1484]	140
[3449]	141	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	142	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	143
[3449]	144	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
[2696]	145
[3449]	146	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	147
[2696]	148	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	149	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	150	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	151	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	152	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	153	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	154	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	155	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	156	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	157	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	158	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2768]	159	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2696]	160	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	161
[2696]	162	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	163	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	164
[2977]	165	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	166	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	167
[1682]	168	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	169	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	170
[4127]	171	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	172	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
	173	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
	174	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
	175	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
[1484]	176
[4127]	177	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
	178	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
	179	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
	180
[1484]	181	SAVE
	182
	183
[138]	184	PRIVATE
[1826]	185
	186	!
	187	!-- Public functions
[3449]	188	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, pcm_check_data_output, &
[4127]	189	pcm_check_parameters, pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
	190	pcm_data_output_3d, pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
[3449]	191	pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	192
[1826]	193	!
	194	!-- Public variables and constants
[3467]	195	PUBLIC cdc, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate, &
	196	canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, pch_index, &
	197	plant_canopy_transpiration
[1484]	198
[3449]	199	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	200	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	201	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	202
[2209]	203	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	204	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	205	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	206
[1826]	207	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	208	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	209	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	210
[4127]	211	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	212	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	213	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	214
[2209]	215	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	216	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	217	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	218
	219	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	220	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	221	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	222
	223	INTERFACE pcm_header
	224	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	225	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	226
	227	INTERFACE pcm_init
	228	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	229	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	230
[1826]	231	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	232	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	233	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	234
	235	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	236	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	237	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	238
	239	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	240	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	241	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	242	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	243
	244
[138]	245	CONTAINS
	246
[2209]	247
[3449]	248
[2209]	249	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	250	! Description:
	251	! ------------
[3449]	252	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
	253	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
	254	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
	255	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
	256	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
	257	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
	258	!> Tree Physiology 20).
	259	!>
	260	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
	261	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
	262	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
	263	!>
	264	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	265	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
	266
	267	USE control_parameters, &
	268	ONLY: dz
	269
	270	USE grid_variables, &
	271	ONLY: dx, dy
	272
	273	IMPLICIT NONE
	274	!-- input parameters
[4205]	275	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
	276	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
	277	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
	278	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
	279	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
[3449]	280
	281	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
[4205]	282	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
	283	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
	284	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
	285	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
	286	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
	287	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	288	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	289	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	290	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
	291	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
[3449]	292
	293
	294	!-- Temperature (deg C)
	295	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
	296	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
[4205]	297	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
[3449]	298	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
	299	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
	300	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
	301	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
	302	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
	303	!-- Wind speed
[3744]	304	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
[4205]	305	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
	306	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
[3449]	307	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
	308	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
	309	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
	310	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
	311	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
	312	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
[4205]	313	f1 = rad * (1000.0_wp+42.1_wp) / 1000.0_wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
[3449]	314	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
	315	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
[3744]	316	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
[3449]	317	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
	318	!-- Water pressure deficit
	319	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
	320	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
	321	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
	322	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
	323	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
	324	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
	325	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
[4205]	326	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
[3449]	327	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
	328	!-- Residual soil water content
	329	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
	330	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
	331	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
	332	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
[4205]	333	f4 = MAX(0.0_wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
[3449]	334	!-- Stomatal conductivity
	335	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
	336	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
[4205]	337	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
[3449]	338	!-- Decoupling factor
	339	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
[4205]	340	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
	341	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
[3449]	342	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
	343	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
	344	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
	345	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
	346	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
	347	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
	348	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
	349	!-- Evaporation rate
	350	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
	351	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
	352	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
	353	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
	354	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
	355	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
	356	!-- latent heat from evaporation
	357	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
	358
	359	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	360
	361
	362	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	363	! Description:
	364	! ------------
[2209]	365	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	366	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	367	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[4279]	368
[2209]	369	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	370	ONLY: message_string, urban_surface
[2209]	371
	372	IMPLICIT NONE
	373
	374	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	375	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	376
	377
	378	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	379
	380	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	381	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	382	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	383	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	384	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	385	ENDIF
[2209]	386	unit = 'K s-1'
	387
[3014]	388	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	389	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	390
[3449]	391	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	392	unit = 'K s-1'
	393
	394	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
	395	unit = 'K s-1'
	396
[2209]	397	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	398	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	399
	400
	401	CASE DEFAULT
	402	unit = 'illegal'
	403
	404	END SELECT
	405
	406
	407	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	408
	409
[1826]	410	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	411	! Description:
	412	! ------------
	413	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	414	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	415	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	416
[1826]	417	USE control_parameters, &
[4279]	418	ONLY: message_string
[2696]	419
[3274]	420	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	421	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
	422
[2696]	423	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
[4279]	424	ONLY: input_pids_static
	425
	426
[1826]	427	IMPLICIT NONE
	428
	429	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	430	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
[3046]	431	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	432	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	433	ENDIF
[4279]	434
[3045]	435	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
[1826]	436	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	437	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	438	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	439	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	440	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	441	ENDIF
[4279]	442
[1826]	443	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	444	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	445	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	446	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	447	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	448	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	449	ENDIF
	450
	451	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	452	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	453	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	454	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	455	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	456	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	457	'density profile'
[2768]	458	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	459	ENDIF
	460
[3274]	461	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
[1826]	462	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	463	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	464	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	465	ENDIF
[2696]	466	!
[4278]	467	!-- If canopy shall be read from file, static input file must be present
	468	IF ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) == 'read_from_file_3d' .AND. &
	469	.NOT. input_pids_static ) THEN
	470	message_string = 'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d requires ' // &
	471	'static input file'
[4188]	472	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0672', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	473	ENDIF
[1826]	474
	475
	476	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	477
	478
[138]	479	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	480	!
[1484]	481	! Description:
	482	! ------------
[4127]	483	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
[2209]	484	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4216]	485	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
[4127]	486
	487
	488	USE control_parameters
	489
	490	USE indices
	491
	492	USE kinds
	493
	494	IMPLICIT NONE
	495
	496	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
	497	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	498
	499	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	500	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	501	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	502
	503
	504	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
	505
	506	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	507
	508	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	509	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	510	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	511	ENDIF
	512	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	513
	514
	515	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	516	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	517	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	518	ENDIF
	519	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	520
	521
	522	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	523	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	524	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	525	ENDIF
	526	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	527
	528	CASE DEFAULT
	529	CONTINUE
	530
	531	END SELECT
	532
	533	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
	534
	535	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	536
	537	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	538	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	539	DO i = nxl, nxr
	540	DO j = nys, nyn
	541	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	542	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	543	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
	544	ENDDO
	545	ENDIF
	546	ENDDO
	547	ENDDO
	548	ENDIF
	549
	550
	551	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	552	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	553	DO i = nxl, nxr
	554	DO j = nys, nyn
	555	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	556	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	557	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
	558	ENDDO
	559	ENDIF
	560	ENDDO
	561	ENDDO
	562	ENDIF
	563
	564
	565	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	566	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	567	DO i = nxl, nxr
	568	DO j = nys, nyn
	569	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	570	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	571	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
	572	ENDDO
	573	ENDIF
	574	ENDDO
	575	ENDDO
	576	ENDIF
	577
	578	CASE DEFAULT
	579	CONTINUE
	580
	581	END SELECT
	582
	583	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
	584
	585	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	586
	587	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	588	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	589	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	590	DO j = nysg, nyng
	591	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	592	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	593	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
	594	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	595	ENDDO
	596	ENDIF
	597	ENDDO
	598	ENDDO
	599	ENDIF
	600
	601
	602	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	603	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	604	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	605	DO j = nysg, nyng
	606	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	607	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	608	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
	609	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	610	ENDDO
	611	ENDIF
	612	ENDDO
	613	ENDDO
	614	ENDIF
	615
	616
	617	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	618	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	619	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	620	DO j = nysg, nyng
	621	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	622	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	623	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
	624	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	625	ENDDO
	626	ENDIF
	627	ENDDO
	628	ENDDO
	629	ENDIF
	630
	631	END SELECT
	632
	633	ENDIF
	634
[4216]	635	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
[4127]	636
	637	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	638	!
	639	! Description:
	640	! ------------
	641	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
	642	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
	643	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
	644	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
	645	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	646	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	647	nzb_do, nzt_do )
	648
[2209]	649	USE indices
	650
	651	USE kinds
	652
	653
	654	IMPLICIT NONE
	655
[4216]	656	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< treated variable
[2209]	657
[4216]	658	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< flag indicating instantaneous or averaged data output
	659	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x-direction
	660	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y-direction
	661	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z-direction
[3014]	662	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	663	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	664
[4216]	665	LOGICAL :: found !< flag indicating if variable is found
[2209]	666
[4216]	667	REAL(wp) :: fill_value !< fill value
	668	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !< data output array
[2209]	669
	670
	671	found = .TRUE.
	672
[2696]	673	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	674
	675	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
[4216]	676	!
	677	!-- Note, to save memory arrays for heating are allocated from 0:pch_index.
	678	!-- Thus, output must be relative to these array indices. Further, check
	679	!-- whether the output is within the vertical output range,
[4220]	680	!-- i.e. nzb_do:nzt_do, which is necessary as local_pf is only allocated
	681	!-- for this index space. Note, plant-canopy output has a separate
	682	!-- vertical output coordinate zlad, so that output is mapped down to the
	683	!-- surface.
[4127]	684	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	685	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	686	DO i = nxl, nxr
	687	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	688	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	689	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	690	ENDDO
[4127]	691	ENDDO
	692	ENDDO
	693	ELSE
	694	DO i = nxl, nxr
	695	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	696	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	697	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	698	ENDDO
	699	ENDDO
	700	ENDDO
	701	ENDIF
[3449]	702
	703	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
[4127]	704	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	705	DO i = nxl, nxr
	706	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	707	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	708	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	709	ENDDO
[4127]	710	ENDDO
	711	ENDDO
	712	ELSE
	713	DO i = nxl, nxr
	714	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	715	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	716	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	717	ENDDO
	718	ENDDO
	719	ENDDO
	720	ENDIF
[3449]	721
[4127]	722	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	723	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	724	DO i = nxl, nxr
	725	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	726	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	727	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	728	ENDDO
[4127]	729	ENDDO
	730	ENDDO
	731	ELSE
	732	DO i = nxl, nxr
	733	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	734	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	735	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	736	ENDDO
	737	ENDDO
	738	ENDDO
	739	ENDIF
	740
[3449]	741	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
[4127]	742	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	743	DO i = nxl, nxr
	744	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	745	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	746	IF ( pc_latent_rate(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	747	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) / &
	748	pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	749	ENDIF
	750	ENDDO
[4127]	751	ENDDO
	752	ENDDO
[4216]	753	ELSE
	754	DO i = nxl, nxr
	755	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	756	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	757	IF ( pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	758	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) / &
	759	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
[4216]	760	ENDIF
	761	ENDDO
	762	ENDDO
	763	ENDDO
[4127]	764	ENDIF
[3449]	765
[4127]	766	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	767	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	768	DO i = nxl, nxr
	769	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	770	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	771	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
[4216]	772	ENDDO
[4127]	773	ENDDO
	774	ENDDO
	775	ENDIF
	776
[2209]	777	CASE DEFAULT
	778	found = .FALSE.
	779
	780	END SELECT
	781
	782
	783	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	784
	785	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	786	!
	787	! Description:
	788	! ------------
	789	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	790	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	791	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	792	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	793
	794	IMPLICIT NONE
	795
	796	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	797	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	798	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	799	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	800	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	801
	802	found = .TRUE.
	803
	804	!
	805	!-- Check for the grid
	806	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	807
[3449]	808	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate', 'pcm_bowenratio')
[2209]	809	grid_x = 'x'
	810	grid_y = 'y'
[4127]	811	grid_z = 'zpc'
[2209]	812
	813	CASE DEFAULT
	814	found = .FALSE.
	815	grid_x = 'none'
	816	grid_y = 'none'
	817	grid_z = 'none'
	818	END SELECT
	819
	820	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	821
	822
	823	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	824	! Description:
	825	! ------------
[1826]	826	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	827	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	828	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	829
	830	USE control_parameters, &
[3065]	831	ONLY: passive_scalar
[1826]	832
	833
	834	IMPLICIT NONE
	835
	836	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	837
	838	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	839	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	840	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	841	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	842
	843	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	844	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	845	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	846
	847	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	848
[3065]	849	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1826]	850
	851	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	852	canopy_drag_coeff
	853	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	854	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	855	leaf_surface_conc
	856	ENDIF
	857
	858	!
	859	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	860	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	861
	862	!
	863	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	864	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	865	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	866
	867	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	868	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	869	gradients = '------'
	870	slices = ' 0'
	871	coordinates = ' 0.0'
[4278]	872	DO i = 1, UBOUND(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind, DIM=1)
	873	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) /= -9999 ) THEN
[1826]	874
[4278]	875	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	876	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	877
[4278]	878	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	879	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	880
[4278]	881	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	882	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	883
[4278]	884	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	885	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	886	ELSE
	887	EXIT
	888	ENDIF
[1826]	889	ENDDO
	890
	891	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	892	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	893
	894	ELSE
	895
	896	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	897	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	898
	899	DO k = 1, pch_index
	900
	901	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	902	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	903	TRIM( coor_chr )
	904
	905	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	906	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	907
	908	ENDDO
	909
	910	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	911	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	912
	913	ENDIF
	914
	915	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	916	' ------------------------------'// &
	917	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	918	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	919	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	920	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	921	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	922	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	923	' K m/s')
	924	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	925	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	926	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	927	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	928	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	929	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	930	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	931	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	932	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	933	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	934	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	935
	936	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	937
	938
	939	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	940	! Description:
	941	! ------------
[1682]	942	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	943	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	944	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	945
	946
	947	USE control_parameters, &
[3614]	948	ONLY: message_string, ocean_mode
[1484]	949
[2696]	950	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	951	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	952
[4302]	953	USE pegrid
	954
[2232]	955	USE surface_mod, &
	956	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	957
	958	IMPLICIT NONE
	959
[2007]	960	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	961	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	962	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	963	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	964
[4258]	965	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[2007]	966	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
[4258]	967	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	968	REAL(wp) :: lad_max !< maximum LAD value in the model domain, used to perform a check
[3241]	969
[3885]	970	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
[1484]	971	!
	972	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	973	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	974	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	975	lad = 0.0_wp
	976	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	977
	978	!
[1826]	979	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	980	!-- a beta probability density function
	981	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	982	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	983	ENDIF
	984
	985
	986	!
[1484]	987	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	988	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	989	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	990	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	991	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	992	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	993
	994	!
	995	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	996	i = 1
	997	gradient = 0.0_wp
	998
[3294]	999	IF ( .NOT. ocean_mode ) THEN
[1484]	1000
	1001	lad(0) = lad_surface
	1002	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	1003
	1004	DO k = 1, pch_index
	1005	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	1006	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	1007	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1008	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	1009	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	1010	i = i + 1
	1011	ENDIF
	1012	ENDIF
	1013	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1014	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	1015	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	1016	ELSE
	1017	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	1018	ENDIF
	1019	ELSE
	1020	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	1021	ENDIF
	1022	ENDDO
	1023
	1024	ENDIF
	1025
	1026	!
	1027	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	1028	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	1029	!-- file.
	1030	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1031	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	1032	ENDIF
	1033
	1034	ELSE
	1035
	1036	!
	1037	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	1038	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
[3065]	1039	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1484]	1040
[2232]	1041	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	1042	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	1043	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1044	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1045	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1046	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	1047	ENDDO
	1048
	1049	!
	1050	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	1051	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	1052	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	1053	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1054	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1055	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	1056	) / canopy_height
[1484]	1057	ENDDO
	1058
	1059	!
	1060	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	1061	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	1062	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	1063	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	1064	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	1065	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
[4302]	1066	ENDDO
[1484]	1067
	1068	ENDIF
	1069
	1070	!
[2213]	1071	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	1072	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1073	!
	1074	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1075	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1076	!-- with the prescribed values
	1077	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	1078	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	1079	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	1080
	1081	!
	1082	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	1083	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	1084	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	1085	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	1086
	1087	CASE( 'block' )
	1088
	1089	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1090	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1091	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	1092	ENDDO
	1093	ENDDO
	1094
[2007]	1095	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	1096	!
[2696]	1097	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	1098	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	1099	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	1100	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	1101	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1102	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	1103	!
	1104	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	1105	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	1106	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	1107
	1108	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1109	DO j = nys, nyn
	1110	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
[3864]	1111	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	1112	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
[2696]	1113	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	1114	ENDDO
[4302]	1115	!
	1116	!-- Check if resolved vegetation is mapped onto buildings.
[4314]	1117	!-- In general, this is allowed and also meaningful, e.g.
	1118	!-- when trees carry across roofs. However, due to the
	1119	!-- topography filtering, new building grid points can emerge
	1120	!-- at location where also plant canopy is defined. As a
	1121	!-- result, plant canopy is mapped on top of roofs, with
	1122	!-- siginficant impact on the downstream flow field and the
	1123	!-- nearby surface radiation. In order to avoid that
	1124	!-- plant canopy is mistakenly mapped onto building roofs,
	1125	!-- check for building grid points (bit 6) that emerge from
	1126	!-- the filtering (bit 4) and set LAD to zero at these
	1127	!-- artificially created building grid points. This case,
	1128	!-- an informative message is given.
[4302]	1129	IF ( ANY( lad_s(:,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) .AND. &
[4329]	1130	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	1131	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 4 ) ) ) THEN
[4302]	1132	lad_s(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
	1133	WRITE( message_string, * ) &
[4314]	1134	'Resolved plant-canopy is ' // &
	1135	'defined on top of an artificially '// &
	1136	'created building grid point ' // &
	1137	'(emerged from the filering) - ' // &
	1138	'LAD profile is omitted at this ' // &
	1139	'grid point: (i,j) = ', i, j
[4302]	1140	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0313', 0, 0, myid, 6, 0 )
	1141	ENDIF
[2696]	1142	ENDDO
	1143	ENDDO
	1144	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	1145	!
	1146	! ASCII file
[2007]	1147	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1148	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1149	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	1150	!-- each location).
[2696]	1151	ELSE
	1152	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1153	ENDIF
[2007]	1154
[1484]	1155	CASE DEFAULT
	1156	!
[2007]	1157	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	1158	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	1159	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	1160	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	1161	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	1162	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	1163
	1164	END SELECT
[2696]	1165	!
[4258]	1166	!-- Check that at least one grid point has an LAD /= 0, else this may
	1167	!-- cause errors in the radiation model.
	1168	lad_max = MAXVAL( lad_s )
	1169	#if defined( __parallel )
	1170	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_max, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, &
	1171	comm2d, ierr)
	1172	#endif
	1173	IF ( lad_max <= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1174	message_string = 'Plant-canopy model is switched-on but no ' // &
	1175	'plant canopy is present in the model domain.'
	1176	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0685', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1177	ENDIF
	1178
	1179	!
[2696]	1180	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	1181	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1182	pch_index_ji = 0
[4187]	1183
[2696]	1184	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1185	DO j = nys, nyn
	1186	DO k = 0, pch_index
	1187	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	1188	ENDDO
[1484]	1189	!
[2696]	1190	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	1191	!-- height of the model domain.
[4168]	1192	k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2696]	1193	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	1194	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	1195	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
[4187]	1196	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	1197	ENDIF
	1198
	1199	ENDDO
	1200	ENDDO
	1201
	1202	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
[3497]	1203	!
[3449]	1204	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
[3497]	1205	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
[4187]	1206
	1207
[3497]	1208	!
[3449]	1209	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
	1210	#if defined( __parallel )
[3497]	1211	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1212	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
[3449]	1213	#endif
	1214
	1215	!-- Allocation of arrays pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate and pc_latent_rate
	1216	ALLOCATE( pc_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[4221]	1217	pc_heating_rate = 0.0_wp
	1218
[3449]	1219	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1220	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1221	pc_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
	1222	ALLOCATE( pc_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1223	pc_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
	1224	ENDIF
[2696]	1225	!
[2011]	1226	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	1227	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	1228	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	1229	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	1230	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	1231	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	1232	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	1233	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	1234	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	1235	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	1236	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
[3449]	1237	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	1238	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate)
	1239	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
	1240	!-- We cannot use variable radiation_interactions here to determine the situation
	1241	!-- as it is assigned in init_3d_model after the call of pcm_init.
	1242	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2213]	1243
[3449]	1244	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	1245	!
[2011]	1246	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	1247	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	1248	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1249	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1250	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1251	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	1252	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	1253	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1254	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	1255	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1256	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1257	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1258	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1259	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1260	ELSE
	1261	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1262	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	1263	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	1264	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1265	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1266	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1267	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1268	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1269	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1270	ENDIF
	1271	ENDDO
	1272	ENDDO
	1273	ENDDO
	1274
[4278]	1275	!
[2232]	1276	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	1277	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	1278	!-- Start with default surface type
	1279	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
[4278]	1280	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
	1281	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
[2232]	1282	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	1283	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1284	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1285	ENDDO
[1484]	1286	!
[2232]	1287	!-- Natural surfaces
	1288	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
[4278]	1289	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
	1290	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
[2232]	1291	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	1292	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1293	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1294	ENDDO
	1295	!
	1296	!-- Urban surfaces
	1297	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
[4278]	1298	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
	1299	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
[2232]	1300	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	1301	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1302	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1303	ENDDO
	1304	!
	1305	!
[2011]	1306	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	1307	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	1308	!-- canopy.
	1309	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	1310	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	1311	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	1312	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	1313	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1314	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1315	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1316	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3022]	1317	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	1318	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
[2232]	1319	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	1320	ENDIF
	1321	ENDDO
[1721]	1322	ENDDO
	1323	ENDDO
[1484]	1324
	1325	ENDIF
	1326
[3885]	1327	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
[1484]	1328
[3685]	1329
[1826]	1330	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	1331
	1332
[2007]	1333	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1334	! Description:
	1335	! ------------
[2932]	1336	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	1337	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1338	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	1339
[2746]	1340	USE control_parameters, &
[2932]	1341	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
[2007]	1342
	1343	IMPLICIT NONE
	1344
	1345	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1346
[2932]	1347	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	1348	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1349	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1350	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	1351	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1352	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1353	lai_beta, &
	1354	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1355	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1356	plant_canopy_transpiration
[2932]	1357
[2007]	1358	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1359	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1360	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1361	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1362	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1363	lai_beta, &
	1364	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1365	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1366	plant_canopy_transpiration
[3246]	1367
[2007]	1368	line = ' '
[3246]	1369
[2007]	1370	!
[4258]	1371	!-- Try to find plant-canopy model package
[2007]	1372	REWIND ( 11 )
	1373	line = ' '
[3248]	1374	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1375	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[2007]	1376	ENDDO
	1377	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1378
	1379	!
	1380	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1381	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
[2932]	1382
	1383	!
[4258]	1384	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2932]	1385	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
[3246]	1386
	1387	GOTO 14
	1388
	1389	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1390	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1391	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
[2932]	1392	!
	1393	!-- Try to find old namelist
[3246]	1394	12 REWIND ( 11 )
[2932]	1395	line = ' '
[3248]	1396	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1397	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
[2932]	1398	ENDDO
	1399	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1400
	1401	!
	1402	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1403	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
[2007]	1404
[2932]	1405	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
[3046]	1406	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	1407	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1408	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[3246]	1409
[2007]	1410	!
[4258]	1411	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2007]	1412	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1413
[3246]	1414	GOTO 14
[2007]	1415
[3246]	1416	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1417	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1418	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
[3246]	1419
	1420	14 CONTINUE
	1421
	1422
[2007]	1423	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1424
	1425
	1426
[1484]	1427	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1428	! Description:
	1429	! ------------
[2007]	1430	!
	1431	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1432	!>
	1433	!> num_levels
[2977]	1434	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1435	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1436	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1437	!> ...
	1438	!>
	1439	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1440	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1441	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1442	!>
	1443	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1444	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1445	!>
	1446	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1447	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1448	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1449	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1450
	1451	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	1452	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2007]	1453
[2213]	1454	USE indices, &
	1455	ONLY: nbgp
	1456
	1457	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1458
[2213]	1459	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1460	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1461	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1462	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
[3337]	1463	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1464	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1465	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
[2213]	1466
	1467	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1468
[2213]	1469	!
	1470	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1471	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1472
	1473	!
	1474	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1475	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1476	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1477	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1478	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[3337]	1479	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
	1480	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
[2977]	1481	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1482
[2213]	1483	DO
[2977]	1484	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1485	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1486
	1487	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1488	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1489	!
[2977]	1490	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1491	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1492	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1493	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1494	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1495	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1496	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1497	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1498	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1499	ENDIF
[4168]	1500	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3337]	1501	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
[2977]	1502	CASE DEFAULT
	1503	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1504	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1505	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1506	END SELECT
[2213]	1507	ENDDO
[2007]	1508
[2213]	1509	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1510	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1511
[2213]	1512	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1513	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1514
	1515	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1516	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1517
	1518	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1519
	1520	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1521
	1522
	1523
	1524	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1525	! Description:
	1526	! ------------
[1682]	1527	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1528	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1529	!>
	1530	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1531	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1532	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1533	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1534	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1535	!>
	1536	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1537	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1538	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1539	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1540	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1541	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1542	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1543	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1544	!>
	1545	!>
	1546	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1547	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1548	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1549
	1550
[1320]	1551	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1552	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1553
	1554	USE kinds
	1555
[138]	1556	IMPLICIT NONE
	1557
[1682]	1558	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1559	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1560	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1561	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1562	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1563	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1564
[1682]	1565	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1566	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1567	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1568	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1569	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1570	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1571
	1572
	1573	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1574
	1575	!
[1484]	1576	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1577	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1578
	1579	!
	1580	!-- u-component
	1581	CASE ( 1 )
	1582	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1583	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1584	!
	1585	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	1586	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	1587	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1588
[2232]	1589	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1590	!
	1591	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1592	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1593	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1594	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1595	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1596	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1597	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1598	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1599	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1600	THEN
	1601	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1602	ENDIF
	1603
	1604	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1605	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1606	!
	1607	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1608	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1609	lad_local * &
	1610	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1611	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1612	v(k,j,i) + &
	1613	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1614	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1615	)**2 + &
	1616	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1617	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1618	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1619	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1620	)**2 &
	1621	) * &
	1622	u(k,j,i)
	1623
	1624	!
	1625	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1626	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1627	!
	1628	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1629	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1630	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1631	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1632	ELSE
	1633	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1634	ENDIF
	1635	!
	1636	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1637	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1638
[138]	1639	ENDDO
	1640	ENDDO
	1641	ENDDO
	1642
	1643	!
	1644	!-- v-component
	1645	CASE ( 2 )
	1646	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1647	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1648	!
	1649	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	1650	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2317]	1651
[2696]	1652	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1653
[2232]	1654	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1655	!
	1656	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1657	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1658	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1659	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1660	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1661	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1662	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1663	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1664	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1665	THEN
	1666	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1667	ENDIF
	1668
	1669	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1670	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1671	!
	1672	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1673	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1674	lad_local * &
	1675	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1676	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1677	u(k,j,i) + &
	1678	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1679	)**2 + &
	1680	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1681	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1682	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1683	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1684	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1685	)**2 &
	1686	) * &
	1687	v(k,j,i)
	1688
	1689	!
	1690	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1691	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1692	!
	1693	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1694	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1695	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1696	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1697	ELSE
	1698	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1699	ENDIF
	1700	!
	1701	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1702	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1703
[138]	1704	ENDDO
	1705	ENDDO
	1706	ENDDO
	1707
	1708	!
	1709	!-- w-component
	1710	CASE ( 3 )
	1711	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1712	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1713	!
	1714	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	1715	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	1716
[2696]	1717	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1718
[2232]	1719	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1720
[1484]	1721	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1722	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1723	!
	1724	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1725	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1726	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1727	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1728	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1729	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1730	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1731	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1732	)**2 + &
	1733	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1734	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1735	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1736	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1737	)**2 + &
	1738	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1739	) * &
	1740	w(k,j,i)
	1741	!
	1742	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1743	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1744	!
	1745	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1746	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1747	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1748	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1749	ELSE
	1750	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1751	ENDIF
	1752	!
	1753	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1754	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1755
[138]	1756	ENDDO
	1757	ENDDO
	1758	ENDDO
	1759
	1760	!
[153]	1761	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1762	CASE ( 4 )
[3449]	1763	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1764	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1765	DO j = nys, nyn
	1766	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1767	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1768	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1769	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1770	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
	1771	ENDDO
[153]	1772	ENDDO
	1773	ENDDO
[3449]	1774	ELSE
	1775	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1776	DO j = nys, nyn
	1777	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1778	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1779	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1780	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1781	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	1782	ENDDO
	1783	ENDDO
	1784	ENDDO
	1785	ENDIF
[153]	1786
	1787	!
[1960]	1788	!-- humidity
[153]	1789	CASE ( 5 )
	1790	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1791	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1792	!
	1793	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1794	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1795
[2696]	1796	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1797
	1798	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3014]	1799
[3449]	1800	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	1801	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	1802	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	1803	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	1804	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	1805	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1806	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1807	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1808	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1809	)**2 + &
	1810	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1811	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1812	)**2 + &
	1813	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1814	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1815	)**2 &
	1816	) * &
[3449]	1817	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1818	ENDIF
	1819
[3014]	1820	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1821	ENDDO
	1822	ENDDO
	1823	ENDDO
	1824
	1825	!
	1826	!-- sgs-tke
	1827	CASE ( 6 )
	1828	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1829	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1830	!
	1831	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1832	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1833
[2696]	1834	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1835
	1836	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1837	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1838	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1839	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1840	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1841	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1842	)**2 + &
	1843	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1844	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1845	)**2 + &
	1846	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1847	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1848	)**2 &
	1849	) * &
	1850	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1851	ENDDO
	1852	ENDDO
	1853	ENDDO
[1960]	1854	!
	1855	!-- scalar concentration
	1856	CASE ( 7 )
	1857	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1858	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1859	!
	1860	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1861	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1862
[2696]	1863	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1864
	1865	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1866	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1867	lsec * &
	1868	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1869	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1870	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1871	)**2 + &
	1872	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1873	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1874	)**2 + &
	1875	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1876	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1877	)**2 &
	1878	) * &
	1879	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1880	ENDDO
	1881	ENDDO
	1882	ENDDO
[1484]	1883
	1884
[1960]	1885
[138]	1886	CASE DEFAULT
	1887
[257]	1888	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1889	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1890
	1891	END SELECT
	1892
[1826]	1893	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1894
	1895
	1896	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1897	! Description:
	1898	! ------------
[1682]	1899	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1900	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1901	!>
	1902	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1903	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1904	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1905	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1906	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1907	!>
	1908	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1909	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1910	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1911	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1912	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1913	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1914	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1915	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1916	!>
	1917	!>
	1918	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1919	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1920	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1921
	1922
[1320]	1923	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1924	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1925
	1926	USE kinds
	1927
[138]	1928	IMPLICIT NONE
	1929
[1682]	1930	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1931	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1932	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1933	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1934	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1935	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1936
[4314]	1937	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
	1938	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
	1939	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
	1940	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
	1941
[1682]	1942	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1943	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1944	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1945	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1946	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1947	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1948
	1949
	1950	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1951	!
[1484]	1952	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1953	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1954
	1955	!
[142]	1956	!-- u-component
[1484]	1957	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1958	!
[4314]	1959	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
	1960	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
	1961	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
	1962	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4329]	1963	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	1964	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
	1965	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	1966	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4314]	1967	!
[2232]	1968	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	1969	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	1970	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1971
[2696]	1972	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1973
	1974	!
[1484]	1975	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1976	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1977	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1978	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1979	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1980	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
[4314]	1981	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	1982	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	1983	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	1984	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	1985	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	1986	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4314]	1987	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
	1988	.NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
	1989	!
	1990	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	1991	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	1992	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	1993	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	1994	!-- point (j,i-1).
	1995	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
	1996	building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1997
	1998	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1999	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	2000	!
	2001	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	2002	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	2003	lad_local * &
	2004	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2005	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	2006	v(k,j,i) + &
	2007	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2008	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	2009	)**2 + &
	2010	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	2011	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2012	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	2013	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2014	)**2 &
	2015	) * &
	2016	u(k,j,i)
	2017
	2018	!
	2019	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2020	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2021	!
	2022	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2023	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2024	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	2025	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2026	ELSE
	2027	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2028	ENDIF
	2029	!
	2030	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2031	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2032	ENDDO
	2033
	2034
	2035	!
[142]	2036	!-- v-component
[1484]	2037	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	2038	!
[4314]	2039	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
	2040	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
	2041	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
	2042	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
[4329]	2043	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2044	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
	2045	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2046	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
[4314]	2047	!
[2232]	2048	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	2049	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2696]	2050	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	2051
[2232]	2052	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2053	!
[1484]	2054	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	2055	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	2056	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	2057	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	2058	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	2059	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
[4314]	2060	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	2061	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	2062	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	2063	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	2064	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	2065	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4314]	2066	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2067	.NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
	2068	!
	2069	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	2070	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	2071	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	2072	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	2073	!-- point (j,i-1).
	2074	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2075	building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	2076
	2077	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2078	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	2079	!
	2080	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	2081	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	2082	lad_local * &
	2083	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	2084	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	2085	u(k,j,i) + &
	2086	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2087	)**2 + &
	2088	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2089	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	2090	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2091	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	2092	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2093	)**2 &
	2094	) * &
	2095	v(k,j,i)
	2096
	2097	!
	2098	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2099	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2100	!
	2101	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2102	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2103	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	2104	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2105	ELSE
	2106	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2107	ENDIF
	2108	!
	2109	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2110	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2111	ENDDO
	2112
	2113
	2114	!
[142]	2115	!-- w-component
[1484]	2116	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	2117	!
	2118	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	2119	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	2120
[2696]	2121	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	2122
[2232]	2123	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	2124
[1484]	2125	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2126	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	2127	!
[1484]	2128	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	2129	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	2130	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	2131	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	2132	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2133	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	2134	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	2135	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	2136	)**2 + &
	2137	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2138	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2139	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	2140	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	2141	)**2 + &
	2142	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	2143	) * &
	2144	w(k,j,i)
	2145	!
	2146	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2147	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2148	!
	2149	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2150	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2151	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	2152	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2153	ELSE
	2154	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2155	ENDIF
	2156	!
	2157	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2158	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2159	ENDDO
	2160
	2161	!
[153]	2162	!-- potential temperature
	2163	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	2164	!
	2165	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2166	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2167
[3449]	2168	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2169	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2170	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3582]	2171	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
	2172	pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2173	ENDDO
	2174	ELSE
	2175	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2176	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2177	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	2178	ENDDO
	2179	ENDIF
[153]	2180
	2181	!
[1960]	2182	!-- humidity
[153]	2183	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	2184	!
	2185	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2186	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2187
[2696]	2188	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[3014]	2189	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3449]	2190	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	2191	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	2192	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	2193	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	2194	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	2195	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	2196	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2197	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2198	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2199	)**2 + &
	2200	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2201	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2202	)**2 + &
	2203	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2204	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2205	)**2 &
	2206	) * &
[3449]	2207	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2208	ENDIF
[2232]	2209
[3014]	2210	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
	2211
[153]	2212	ENDDO
	2213
	2214	!
[142]	2215	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	2216	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	2217	!
	2218	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2219	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2220
[2696]	2221	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2222
	2223	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	2224	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2225	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	2226	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	2227	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2228	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2229	)**2 + &
	2230	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2231	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2232	)**2 + &
	2233	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2234	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2235	)**2 &
	2236	) * &
	2237	e(k,j,i)
	2238	ENDDO
[1960]	2239
	2240	!
	2241	!-- scalar concentration
	2242	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	2243	!
	2244	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2245	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2246
[2696]	2247	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2248
	2249	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	2250	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2251	lsec * &
	2252	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2253	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2254	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2255	)**2 + &
	2256	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2257	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2258	)**2 + &
	2259	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2260	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2261	)**2 &
	2262	) * &
	2263	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2264	ENDDO
[138]	2265
[142]	2266	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	2267
[257]	2268	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	2269	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2270
[142]	2271	END SELECT
[138]	2272
[1826]	2273	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	2274
[2007]	2275
	2276
[138]	2277	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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