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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4327

Last change on this file since 4327 was 4314, checked in by suehring, 5 years ago
plant-canopy: Bugfix, plant canopy was still considered at building edges on for the u- and v-component; Relax restriction of LAD on building tops. LAD is only omitted at locations where building grid points emerged artificially by the topography filtering
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File size: 96.2 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3655]	17	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[3885]	18	! Copyright 2017-2019 Institute of Computer Science of the
	19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
[2000]	20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	21	!
[257]	22	! Current revisions:
[2977]	23	! ------------------
[2214]	24	!
[4226]	25	!
[2214]	26	! Former revisions:
	27	! -----------------
	28	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4314 2019-11-29 10:29:20Z Giersch $
[4314]	29	! - Bugfix, plant canopy was still considered at building edges on for the u-
	30	! and v-component.
	31	! - Relax restriction of LAD on building tops. LAD is only omitted at
	32	! locations where building grid points emerged artificially by the
	33	! topography filtering.
	34	!
	35	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
[4309]	36	! Typo
	37	!
	38	! 4302 2019-11-22 13:15:56Z suehring
[4302]	39	! Omit tall canopy mapped on top of buildings
	40	!
	41	! 4279 2019-10-29 08:48:17Z scharf
[4279]	42	! unused variables removed
	43	!
	44	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z scharf
[4278]	45	! changed check for static driver and fixed bugs in initialization and header
	46	!
	47	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z suehring
[4258]	48	! Check if any LAD is prescribed when plant-canopy model is applied.
	49	!
	50	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
[4226]	51	! Bugfix, missing initialization of heating rate
	52	!
	53	! 4221 2019-09-09 08:50:35Z suehring
[4220]	54	! Further bugfix in 3d data output for plant canopy
	55	!
	56	! 4216 2019-09-04 09:09:03Z suehring
[4216]	57	! Bugfixes in 3d data output
	58	!
	59	! 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring
[4205]	60	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
	61	!
	62	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
[4188]	63	! Minor adjustment in error number
	64	!
	65	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
[4187]	66	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
	67	!
	68	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	69	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	70	!
	71	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
[4168]	72	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
	73	!
	74	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
[4127]	75	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
	76	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
	77	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
	78	! (merge from branch resler)
	79	!
	80	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	81	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	82	! of additional debug messages
	83	!
	84	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
[3761]	85	! unsed variables removed
	86	!
	87	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
[3745]	88	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
	89	! becomes > 40 degrees
	90	!
	91	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
[3685]	92	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	93	!
	94	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3614]	95	! unused variables removed
[3498]	96	!
[4182]	97	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	98	! Initial revision
	99	!
[138]	100	! Description:
	101	! ------------
[1682]	102	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	103	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	104	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	105	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[3744]	106	!
	107	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
[4216]	108	! @todo - unify variable names (pcm_, pc_, ...)
[138]	109	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	110	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	111
[1484]	112	USE arrays_3d, &
[3449]	113	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	114
[3449]	115	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	116	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
	117
[3885]	118	USE control_parameters, &
	119	ONLY: debug_output, humidity
[3449]	120
[1484]	121	USE indices, &
	122	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[4314]	123	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind, wall_flags_0
[1484]	124
	125	USE kinds
	126
[3449]	127	USE pegrid
	128
[1484]	129
	130	IMPLICIT NONE
	131
	132
[3449]	133	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
	134	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
	135	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
	136	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
[1484]	137
[3449]	138	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	139	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	140
[3449]	141	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
[2696]	142
[3449]	143	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	144
[2696]	145	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	146	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	147	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	148	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	149	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	150	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	151	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	152	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	153	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	154	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	155	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2768]	156	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2696]	157	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	158
[2696]	159	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	160	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	161
[2977]	162	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	163	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	164
[1682]	165	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	166	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	167
[4127]	168	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	169	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
	170	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
	171	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
	172	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
[1484]	173
[4127]	174	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
	175	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
	176	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
	177
[1484]	178	SAVE
	179
	180
[138]	181	PRIVATE
[1826]	182
	183	!
	184	!-- Public functions
[3449]	185	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, pcm_check_data_output, &
[4127]	186	pcm_check_parameters, pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
	187	pcm_data_output_3d, pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
[3449]	188	pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	189
[1826]	190	!
	191	!-- Public variables and constants
[3467]	192	PUBLIC cdc, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate, &
	193	canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, pch_index, &
	194	plant_canopy_transpiration
[1484]	195
[3449]	196	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	197	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	198	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	199
[2209]	200	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	201	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	202	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	203
[1826]	204	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	205	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	206	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	207
[4127]	208	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	209	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	210	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	211
[2209]	212	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	213	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	214	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	215
	216	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	217	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	218	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	219
	220	INTERFACE pcm_header
	221	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	222	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	223
	224	INTERFACE pcm_init
	225	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	226	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	227
[1826]	228	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	229	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	230	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	231
	232	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	233	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	234	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	235
	236	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	237	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	238	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	239	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	240
	241
[138]	242	CONTAINS
	243
[2209]	244
[3449]	245
[2209]	246	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	247	! Description:
	248	! ------------
[3449]	249	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
	250	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
	251	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
	252	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
	253	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
	254	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
	255	!> Tree Physiology 20).
	256	!>
	257	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
	258	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
	259	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
	260	!>
	261	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	262	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
	263
	264	USE control_parameters, &
	265	ONLY: dz
	266
	267	USE grid_variables, &
	268	ONLY: dx, dy
	269
	270	IMPLICIT NONE
	271	!-- input parameters
[4205]	272	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
	273	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
	274	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
	275	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
	276	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
[3449]	277
	278	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
[4205]	279	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
	280	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
	281	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
	282	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
	283	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
	284	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	285	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	286	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	287	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
	288	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
[3449]	289
	290
	291	!-- Temperature (deg C)
	292	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
	293	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
[4205]	294	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
[3449]	295	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
	296	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
	297	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
	298	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
	299	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
	300	!-- Wind speed
[3744]	301	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
[4205]	302	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
	303	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
[3449]	304	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
	305	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
	306	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
	307	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
	308	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
	309	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
[4205]	310	f1 = rad * (1000.0_wp+42.1_wp) / 1000.0_wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
[3449]	311	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
	312	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
[3744]	313	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
[3449]	314	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
	315	!-- Water pressure deficit
	316	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
	317	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
	318	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
	319	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
	320	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
	321	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
	322	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
[4205]	323	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
[3449]	324	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
	325	!-- Residual soil water content
	326	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
	327	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
	328	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
	329	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
[4205]	330	f4 = MAX(0.0_wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
[3449]	331	!-- Stomatal conductivity
	332	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
	333	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
[4205]	334	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
[3449]	335	!-- Decoupling factor
	336	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
[4205]	337	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
	338	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
[3449]	339	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
	340	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
	341	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
	342	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
	343	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
	344	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
	345	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
	346	!-- Evaporation rate
	347	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
	348	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
	349	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
	350	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
	351	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
	352	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
	353	!-- latent heat from evaporation
	354	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
	355
	356	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	357
	358
	359	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	360	! Description:
	361	! ------------
[2209]	362	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	363	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	364	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[4279]	365
[2209]	366	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	367	ONLY: message_string, urban_surface
[2209]	368
	369	IMPLICIT NONE
	370
	371	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	372	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	373
	374
	375	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	376
	377	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	378	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	379	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	380	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	381	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	382	ENDIF
[2209]	383	unit = 'K s-1'
	384
[3014]	385	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	386	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	387
[3449]	388	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	389	unit = 'K s-1'
	390
	391	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
	392	unit = 'K s-1'
	393
[2209]	394	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	395	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	396
	397
	398	CASE DEFAULT
	399	unit = 'illegal'
	400
	401	END SELECT
	402
	403
	404	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	405
	406
[1826]	407	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	408	! Description:
	409	! ------------
	410	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	411	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	412	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	413
[1826]	414	USE control_parameters, &
[4279]	415	ONLY: message_string
[2696]	416
[3274]	417	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	418	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
	419
[2696]	420	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
[4279]	421	ONLY: input_pids_static
	422
	423
[1826]	424	IMPLICIT NONE
	425
	426	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	427	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
[3046]	428	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	429	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	430	ENDIF
[4279]	431
[3045]	432	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
[1826]	433	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	434	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	435	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	436	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	437	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	438	ENDIF
[4279]	439
[1826]	440	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	441	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	442	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	443	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	444	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	445	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	446	ENDIF
	447
	448	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	449	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	450	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	451	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	452	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	453	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	454	'density profile'
[2768]	455	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	456	ENDIF
	457
[3274]	458	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
[1826]	459	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	460	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	461	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	462	ENDIF
[2696]	463	!
[4278]	464	!-- If canopy shall be read from file, static input file must be present
	465	IF ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) == 'read_from_file_3d' .AND. &
	466	.NOT. input_pids_static ) THEN
	467	message_string = 'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d requires ' // &
	468	'static input file'
[4188]	469	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0672', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	470	ENDIF
[1826]	471
	472
	473	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	474
	475
[138]	476	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	477	!
[1484]	478	! Description:
	479	! ------------
[4127]	480	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
[2209]	481	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4216]	482	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
[4127]	483
	484
	485	USE control_parameters
	486
	487	USE indices
	488
	489	USE kinds
	490
	491	IMPLICIT NONE
	492
	493	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
	494	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	495
	496	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	497	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	498	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	499
	500
	501	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
	502
	503	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	504
	505	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	506	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	507	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	508	ENDIF
	509	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	510
	511
	512	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	513	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	514	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	515	ENDIF
	516	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	517
	518
	519	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	520	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	521	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	522	ENDIF
	523	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	524
	525	CASE DEFAULT
	526	CONTINUE
	527
	528	END SELECT
	529
	530	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
	531
	532	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	533
	534	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	535	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	536	DO i = nxl, nxr
	537	DO j = nys, nyn
	538	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	539	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	540	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
	541	ENDDO
	542	ENDIF
	543	ENDDO
	544	ENDDO
	545	ENDIF
	546
	547
	548	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	549	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	550	DO i = nxl, nxr
	551	DO j = nys, nyn
	552	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	553	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	554	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
	555	ENDDO
	556	ENDIF
	557	ENDDO
	558	ENDDO
	559	ENDIF
	560
	561
	562	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	563	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	564	DO i = nxl, nxr
	565	DO j = nys, nyn
	566	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	567	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	568	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
	569	ENDDO
	570	ENDIF
	571	ENDDO
	572	ENDDO
	573	ENDIF
	574
	575	CASE DEFAULT
	576	CONTINUE
	577
	578	END SELECT
	579
	580	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
	581
	582	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	583
	584	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	585	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	586	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	587	DO j = nysg, nyng
	588	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	589	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	590	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
	591	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	592	ENDDO
	593	ENDIF
	594	ENDDO
	595	ENDDO
	596	ENDIF
	597
	598
	599	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	600	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	601	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	602	DO j = nysg, nyng
	603	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	604	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	605	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
	606	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	607	ENDDO
	608	ENDIF
	609	ENDDO
	610	ENDDO
	611	ENDIF
	612
	613
	614	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	615	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	616	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	617	DO j = nysg, nyng
	618	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	619	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	620	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
	621	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	622	ENDDO
	623	ENDIF
	624	ENDDO
	625	ENDDO
	626	ENDIF
	627
	628	END SELECT
	629
	630	ENDIF
	631
[4216]	632	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
[4127]	633
	634	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	635	!
	636	! Description:
	637	! ------------
	638	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
	639	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
	640	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
	641	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
	642	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	643	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	644	nzb_do, nzt_do )
	645
[2209]	646	USE indices
	647
	648	USE kinds
	649
	650
	651	IMPLICIT NONE
	652
[4216]	653	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< treated variable
[2209]	654
[4216]	655	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< flag indicating instantaneous or averaged data output
	656	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x-direction
	657	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y-direction
	658	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z-direction
[3014]	659	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	660	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	661
[4216]	662	LOGICAL :: found !< flag indicating if variable is found
[2209]	663
[4216]	664	REAL(wp) :: fill_value !< fill value
	665	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !< data output array
[2209]	666
	667
	668	found = .TRUE.
	669
[2696]	670	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	671
	672	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
[4216]	673	!
	674	!-- Note, to save memory arrays for heating are allocated from 0:pch_index.
	675	!-- Thus, output must be relative to these array indices. Further, check
	676	!-- whether the output is within the vertical output range,
[4220]	677	!-- i.e. nzb_do:nzt_do, which is necessary as local_pf is only allocated
	678	!-- for this index space. Note, plant-canopy output has a separate
	679	!-- vertical output coordinate zlad, so that output is mapped down to the
	680	!-- surface.
[4127]	681	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	682	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	683	DO i = nxl, nxr
	684	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	685	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	686	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	687	ENDDO
[4127]	688	ENDDO
	689	ENDDO
	690	ELSE
	691	DO i = nxl, nxr
	692	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	693	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	694	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	695	ENDDO
	696	ENDDO
	697	ENDDO
	698	ENDIF
[3449]	699
	700	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
[4127]	701	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	702	DO i = nxl, nxr
	703	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	704	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	705	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	706	ENDDO
[4127]	707	ENDDO
	708	ENDDO
	709	ELSE
	710	DO i = nxl, nxr
	711	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	712	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	713	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	714	ENDDO
	715	ENDDO
	716	ENDDO
	717	ENDIF
[3449]	718
[4127]	719	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	720	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	721	DO i = nxl, nxr
	722	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	723	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	724	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	725	ENDDO
[4127]	726	ENDDO
	727	ENDDO
	728	ELSE
	729	DO i = nxl, nxr
	730	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	731	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	732	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	733	ENDDO
	734	ENDDO
	735	ENDDO
	736	ENDIF
	737
[3449]	738	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
[4127]	739	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	740	DO i = nxl, nxr
	741	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	742	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	743	IF ( pc_latent_rate(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	744	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) / &
	745	pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	746	ENDIF
	747	ENDDO
[4127]	748	ENDDO
	749	ENDDO
[4216]	750	ELSE
	751	DO i = nxl, nxr
	752	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	753	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	754	IF ( pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	755	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) / &
	756	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
[4216]	757	ENDIF
	758	ENDDO
	759	ENDDO
	760	ENDDO
[4127]	761	ENDIF
[3449]	762
[4127]	763	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	764	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	765	DO i = nxl, nxr
	766	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	767	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	768	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
[4216]	769	ENDDO
[4127]	770	ENDDO
	771	ENDDO
	772	ENDIF
	773
[2209]	774	CASE DEFAULT
	775	found = .FALSE.
	776
	777	END SELECT
	778
	779
	780	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	781
	782	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	783	!
	784	! Description:
	785	! ------------
	786	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	787	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	788	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	789	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	790
	791	IMPLICIT NONE
	792
	793	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	794	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	795	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	796	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	797	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	798
	799	found = .TRUE.
	800
	801	!
	802	!-- Check for the grid
	803	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	804
[3449]	805	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate', 'pcm_bowenratio')
[2209]	806	grid_x = 'x'
	807	grid_y = 'y'
[4127]	808	grid_z = 'zpc'
[2209]	809
	810	CASE DEFAULT
	811	found = .FALSE.
	812	grid_x = 'none'
	813	grid_y = 'none'
	814	grid_z = 'none'
	815	END SELECT
	816
	817	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	818
	819
	820	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	821	! Description:
	822	! ------------
[1826]	823	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	824	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	825	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	826
	827	USE control_parameters, &
[3065]	828	ONLY: passive_scalar
[1826]	829
	830
	831	IMPLICIT NONE
	832
	833	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	834
	835	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	836	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	837	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	838	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	839
	840	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	841	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	842	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	843
	844	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	845
[3065]	846	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1826]	847
	848	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	849	canopy_drag_coeff
	850	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	851	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	852	leaf_surface_conc
	853	ENDIF
	854
	855	!
	856	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	857	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	858
	859	!
	860	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	861	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	862	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	863
	864	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	865	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	866	gradients = '------'
	867	slices = ' 0'
	868	coordinates = ' 0.0'
[4278]	869	DO i = 1, UBOUND(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind, DIM=1)
	870	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) /= -9999 ) THEN
[1826]	871
[4278]	872	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	873	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	874
[4278]	875	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	876	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	877
[4278]	878	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	879	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	880
[4278]	881	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	882	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	883	ELSE
	884	EXIT
	885	ENDIF
[1826]	886	ENDDO
	887
	888	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	889	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	890
	891	ELSE
	892
	893	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	894	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	895
	896	DO k = 1, pch_index
	897
	898	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	899	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	900	TRIM( coor_chr )
	901
	902	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	903	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	904
	905	ENDDO
	906
	907	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	908	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	909
	910	ENDIF
	911
	912	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	913	' ------------------------------'// &
	914	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	915	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	916	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	917	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	918	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	919	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	920	' K m/s')
	921	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	922	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	923	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	924	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	925	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	926	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	927	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	928	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	929	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	930	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	931	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	932
	933	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	934
	935
	936	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	937	! Description:
	938	! ------------
[1682]	939	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	940	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	941	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	942
	943
	944	USE control_parameters, &
[3614]	945	ONLY: message_string, ocean_mode
[1484]	946
[2696]	947	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	948	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	949
[4302]	950	USE pegrid
	951
[2232]	952	USE surface_mod, &
	953	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	954
	955	IMPLICIT NONE
	956
[2007]	957	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	958	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	959	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	960	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	961
[4258]	962	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[2007]	963	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
[4258]	964	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	965	REAL(wp) :: lad_max !< maximum LAD value in the model domain, used to perform a check
[3241]	966
[3885]	967	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
[1484]	968	!
	969	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	970	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	971	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	972	lad = 0.0_wp
	973	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	974
	975	!
[1826]	976	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	977	!-- a beta probability density function
	978	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	979	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	980	ENDIF
	981
	982
	983	!
[1484]	984	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	985	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	986	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	987	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	988	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	989	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	990
	991	!
	992	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	993	i = 1
	994	gradient = 0.0_wp
	995
[3294]	996	IF ( .NOT. ocean_mode ) THEN
[1484]	997
	998	lad(0) = lad_surface
	999	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	1000
	1001	DO k = 1, pch_index
	1002	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	1003	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	1004	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1005	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	1006	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	1007	i = i + 1
	1008	ENDIF
	1009	ENDIF
	1010	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1011	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	1012	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	1013	ELSE
	1014	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	1015	ENDIF
	1016	ELSE
	1017	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	1018	ENDIF
	1019	ENDDO
	1020
	1021	ENDIF
	1022
	1023	!
	1024	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	1025	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	1026	!-- file.
	1027	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1028	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	1029	ENDIF
	1030
	1031	ELSE
	1032
	1033	!
	1034	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	1035	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
[3065]	1036	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1484]	1037
[2232]	1038	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	1039	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	1040	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1041	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1042	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1043	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	1044	ENDDO
	1045
	1046	!
	1047	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	1048	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	1049	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	1050	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1051	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1052	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	1053	) / canopy_height
[1484]	1054	ENDDO
	1055
	1056	!
	1057	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	1058	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	1059	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	1060	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	1061	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	1062	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
[4302]	1063	ENDDO
[1484]	1064
	1065	ENDIF
	1066
	1067	!
[2213]	1068	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	1069	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1070	!
	1071	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1072	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1073	!-- with the prescribed values
	1074	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	1075	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	1076	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	1077
	1078	!
	1079	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	1080	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	1081	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	1082	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	1083
	1084	CASE( 'block' )
	1085
	1086	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1087	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1088	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	1089	ENDDO
	1090	ENDDO
	1091
[2007]	1092	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	1093	!
[2696]	1094	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	1095	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	1096	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	1097	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	1098	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1099	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	1100	!
	1101	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	1102	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	1103	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	1104
	1105	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1106	DO j = nys, nyn
	1107	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
[3864]	1108	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	1109	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
[2696]	1110	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	1111	ENDDO
[4302]	1112	!
	1113	!-- Check if resolved vegetation is mapped onto buildings.
[4314]	1114	!-- In general, this is allowed and also meaningful, e.g.
	1115	!-- when trees carry across roofs. However, due to the
	1116	!-- topography filtering, new building grid points can emerge
	1117	!-- at location where also plant canopy is defined. As a
	1118	!-- result, plant canopy is mapped on top of roofs, with
	1119	!-- siginficant impact on the downstream flow field and the
	1120	!-- nearby surface radiation. In order to avoid that
	1121	!-- plant canopy is mistakenly mapped onto building roofs,
	1122	!-- check for building grid points (bit 6) that emerge from
	1123	!-- the filtering (bit 4) and set LAD to zero at these
	1124	!-- artificially created building grid points. This case,
	1125	!-- an informative message is given.
[4302]	1126	IF ( ANY( lad_s(:,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) .AND. &
[4314]	1127	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	1128	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_0(:,j,i), 4 ) ) ) THEN
[4302]	1129	lad_s(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
	1130	WRITE( message_string, * ) &
[4314]	1131	'Resolved plant-canopy is ' // &
	1132	'defined on top of an artificially '// &
	1133	'created building grid point ' // &
	1134	'(emerged from the filering) - ' // &
	1135	'LAD profile is omitted at this ' // &
	1136	'grid point: (i,j) = ', i, j
[4302]	1137	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0313', 0, 0, myid, 6, 0 )
	1138	ENDIF
[2696]	1139	ENDDO
	1140	ENDDO
	1141	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	1142	!
	1143	! ASCII file
[2007]	1144	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1145	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1146	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	1147	!-- each location).
[2696]	1148	ELSE
	1149	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1150	ENDIF
[2007]	1151
[1484]	1152	CASE DEFAULT
	1153	!
[2007]	1154	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	1155	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	1156	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	1157	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	1158	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	1159	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	1160
	1161	END SELECT
[2696]	1162	!
[4258]	1163	!-- Check that at least one grid point has an LAD /= 0, else this may
	1164	!-- cause errors in the radiation model.
	1165	lad_max = MAXVAL( lad_s )
	1166	#if defined( __parallel )
	1167	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_max, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, &
	1168	comm2d, ierr)
	1169	#endif
	1170	IF ( lad_max <= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1171	message_string = 'Plant-canopy model is switched-on but no ' // &
	1172	'plant canopy is present in the model domain.'
	1173	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0685', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1174	ENDIF
	1175
	1176	!
[2696]	1177	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	1178	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1179	pch_index_ji = 0
[4187]	1180
[2696]	1181	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1182	DO j = nys, nyn
	1183	DO k = 0, pch_index
	1184	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	1185	ENDDO
[1484]	1186	!
[2696]	1187	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	1188	!-- height of the model domain.
[4168]	1189	k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2696]	1190	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	1191	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	1192	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
[4187]	1193	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	1194	ENDIF
	1195
	1196	ENDDO
	1197	ENDDO
	1198
	1199	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
[3497]	1200	!
[3449]	1201	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
[3497]	1202	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
[4187]	1203
	1204
[3497]	1205	!
[3449]	1206	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
	1207	#if defined( __parallel )
[3497]	1208	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1209	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
[3449]	1210	#endif
	1211
	1212	!-- Allocation of arrays pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate and pc_latent_rate
	1213	ALLOCATE( pc_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[4221]	1214	pc_heating_rate = 0.0_wp
	1215
[3449]	1216	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1217	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1218	pc_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
	1219	ALLOCATE( pc_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1220	pc_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
	1221	ENDIF
[2696]	1222	!
[2011]	1223	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	1224	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	1225	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	1226	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	1227	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	1228	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	1229	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	1230	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	1231	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	1232	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	1233	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
[3449]	1234	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	1235	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate)
	1236	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
	1237	!-- We cannot use variable radiation_interactions here to determine the situation
	1238	!-- as it is assigned in init_3d_model after the call of pcm_init.
	1239	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2213]	1240
[3449]	1241	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	1242	!
[2011]	1243	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	1244	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	1245	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1246	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1247	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1248	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	1249	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	1250	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1251	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	1252	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1253	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1254	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1255	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1256	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1257	ELSE
	1258	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1259	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	1260	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	1261	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1262	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1263	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1264	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1265	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1266	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1267	ENDIF
	1268	ENDDO
	1269	ENDDO
	1270	ENDDO
	1271
[4278]	1272	!
[2232]	1273	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	1274	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	1275	!-- Start with default surface type
	1276	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
[4278]	1277	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
	1278	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
[2232]	1279	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	1280	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1281	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1282	ENDDO
[1484]	1283	!
[2232]	1284	!-- Natural surfaces
	1285	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
[4278]	1286	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
	1287	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
[2232]	1288	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	1289	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1290	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1291	ENDDO
	1292	!
	1293	!-- Urban surfaces
	1294	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
[4278]	1295	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
	1296	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
[2232]	1297	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	1298	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1299	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1300	ENDDO
	1301	!
	1302	!
[2011]	1303	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	1304	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	1305	!-- canopy.
	1306	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	1307	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	1308	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	1309	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	1310	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1311	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1312	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1313	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3022]	1314	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	1315	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
[2232]	1316	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	1317	ENDIF
	1318	ENDDO
[1721]	1319	ENDDO
	1320	ENDDO
[1484]	1321
	1322	ENDIF
	1323
[3885]	1324	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
[1484]	1325
[3685]	1326
[1826]	1327	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	1328
	1329
[2007]	1330	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1331	! Description:
	1332	! ------------
[2932]	1333	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	1334	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1335	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	1336
[2746]	1337	USE control_parameters, &
[2932]	1338	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
[2007]	1339
	1340	IMPLICIT NONE
	1341
	1342	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1343
[2932]	1344	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	1345	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1346	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1347	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	1348	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1349	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1350	lai_beta, &
	1351	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1352	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1353	plant_canopy_transpiration
[2932]	1354
[2007]	1355	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1356	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1357	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1358	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1359	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1360	lai_beta, &
	1361	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1362	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1363	plant_canopy_transpiration
[3246]	1364
[2007]	1365	line = ' '
[3246]	1366
[2007]	1367	!
[4258]	1368	!-- Try to find plant-canopy model package
[2007]	1369	REWIND ( 11 )
	1370	line = ' '
[3248]	1371	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1372	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[2007]	1373	ENDDO
	1374	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1375
	1376	!
	1377	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1378	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
[2932]	1379
	1380	!
[4258]	1381	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2932]	1382	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
[3246]	1383
	1384	GOTO 14
	1385
	1386	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1387	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1388	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
[2932]	1389	!
	1390	!-- Try to find old namelist
[3246]	1391	12 REWIND ( 11 )
[2932]	1392	line = ' '
[3248]	1393	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1394	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
[2932]	1395	ENDDO
	1396	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1397
	1398	!
	1399	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1400	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
[2007]	1401
[2932]	1402	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
[3046]	1403	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	1404	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1405	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[3246]	1406
[2007]	1407	!
[4258]	1408	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2007]	1409	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1410
[3246]	1411	GOTO 14
[2007]	1412
[3246]	1413	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1414	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1415	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
[3246]	1416
	1417	14 CONTINUE
	1418
	1419
[2007]	1420	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1421
	1422
	1423
[1484]	1424	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1425	! Description:
	1426	! ------------
[2007]	1427	!
	1428	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1429	!>
	1430	!> num_levels
[2977]	1431	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1432	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1433	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1434	!> ...
	1435	!>
	1436	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1437	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1438	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1439	!>
	1440	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1441	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1442	!>
	1443	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1444	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1445	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1446	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1447
	1448	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	1449	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2007]	1450
[2213]	1451	USE indices, &
	1452	ONLY: nbgp
	1453
	1454	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1455
[2213]	1456	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1457	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1458	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1459	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
[3337]	1460	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1461	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1462	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
[2213]	1463
	1464	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1465
[2213]	1466	!
	1467	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1468	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1469
	1470	!
	1471	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1472	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1473	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1474	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1475	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[3337]	1476	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
	1477	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
[2977]	1478	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1479
[2213]	1480	DO
[2977]	1481	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1482	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1483
	1484	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1485	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1486	!
[2977]	1487	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1488	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1489	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1490	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1491	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1492	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1493	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1494	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1495	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1496	ENDIF
[4168]	1497	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3337]	1498	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
[2977]	1499	CASE DEFAULT
	1500	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1501	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1502	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1503	END SELECT
[2213]	1504	ENDDO
[2007]	1505
[2213]	1506	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1507	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1508
[2213]	1509	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1510	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1511
	1512	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1513	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1514
	1515	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1516
	1517	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1518
	1519
	1520
	1521	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1522	! Description:
	1523	! ------------
[1682]	1524	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1525	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1526	!>
	1527	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1528	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1529	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1530	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1531	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1532	!>
	1533	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1534	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1535	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1536	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1537	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1538	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1539	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1540	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1541	!>
	1542	!>
	1543	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1544	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1545	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1546
	1547
[1320]	1548	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1549	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1550
	1551	USE kinds
	1552
[138]	1553	IMPLICIT NONE
	1554
[1682]	1555	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1556	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1557	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1558	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1559	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1560	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1561
[1682]	1562	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1563	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1564	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1565	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1566	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1567	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1568
	1569
	1570	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1571
	1572	!
[1484]	1573	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1574	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1575
	1576	!
	1577	!-- u-component
	1578	CASE ( 1 )
	1579	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1580	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1581	!
	1582	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	1583	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	1584	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1585
[2232]	1586	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1587	!
	1588	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1589	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1590	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1591	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1592	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1593	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1594	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1595	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1596	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1597	THEN
	1598	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1599	ENDIF
	1600
	1601	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1602	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1603	!
	1604	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1605	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1606	lad_local * &
	1607	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1608	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1609	v(k,j,i) + &
	1610	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1611	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1612	)**2 + &
	1613	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1614	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1615	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1616	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1617	)**2 &
	1618	) * &
	1619	u(k,j,i)
	1620
	1621	!
	1622	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1623	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1624	!
	1625	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1626	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1627	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1628	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1629	ELSE
	1630	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1631	ENDIF
	1632	!
	1633	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1634	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1635
[138]	1636	ENDDO
	1637	ENDDO
	1638	ENDDO
	1639
	1640	!
	1641	!-- v-component
	1642	CASE ( 2 )
	1643	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1644	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1645	!
	1646	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	1647	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2317]	1648
[2696]	1649	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1650
[2232]	1651	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1652	!
	1653	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1654	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1655	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1656	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1657	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1658	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1659	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1660	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1661	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1662	THEN
	1663	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1664	ENDIF
	1665
	1666	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1667	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1668	!
	1669	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1670	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1671	lad_local * &
	1672	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1673	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1674	u(k,j,i) + &
	1675	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1676	)**2 + &
	1677	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1678	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1679	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1680	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1681	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1682	)**2 &
	1683	) * &
	1684	v(k,j,i)
	1685
	1686	!
	1687	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1688	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1689	!
	1690	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1691	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1692	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1693	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1694	ELSE
	1695	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1696	ENDIF
	1697	!
	1698	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1699	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1700
[138]	1701	ENDDO
	1702	ENDDO
	1703	ENDDO
	1704
	1705	!
	1706	!-- w-component
	1707	CASE ( 3 )
	1708	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1709	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1710	!
	1711	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	1712	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	1713
[2696]	1714	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1715
[2232]	1716	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1717
[1484]	1718	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1719	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1720	!
	1721	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1722	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1723	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1724	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1725	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1726	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1727	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1728	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1729	)**2 + &
	1730	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1731	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1732	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1733	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1734	)**2 + &
	1735	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1736	) * &
	1737	w(k,j,i)
	1738	!
	1739	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1740	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1741	!
	1742	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1743	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1744	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1745	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1746	ELSE
	1747	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1748	ENDIF
	1749	!
	1750	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1751	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1752
[138]	1753	ENDDO
	1754	ENDDO
	1755	ENDDO
	1756
	1757	!
[153]	1758	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1759	CASE ( 4 )
[3449]	1760	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1761	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1762	DO j = nys, nyn
	1763	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1764	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1765	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1766	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1767	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
	1768	ENDDO
[153]	1769	ENDDO
	1770	ENDDO
[3449]	1771	ELSE
	1772	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1773	DO j = nys, nyn
	1774	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1775	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1776	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1777	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1778	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	1779	ENDDO
	1780	ENDDO
	1781	ENDDO
	1782	ENDIF
[153]	1783
	1784	!
[1960]	1785	!-- humidity
[153]	1786	CASE ( 5 )
	1787	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1788	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1789	!
	1790	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1791	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1792
[2696]	1793	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1794
	1795	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3014]	1796
[3449]	1797	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	1798	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	1799	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	1800	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	1801	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	1802	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1803	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1804	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1805	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1806	)**2 + &
	1807	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1808	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1809	)**2 + &
	1810	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1811	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1812	)**2 &
	1813	) * &
[3449]	1814	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1815	ENDIF
	1816
[3014]	1817	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1818	ENDDO
	1819	ENDDO
	1820	ENDDO
	1821
	1822	!
	1823	!-- sgs-tke
	1824	CASE ( 6 )
	1825	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1826	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1827	!
	1828	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1829	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1830
[2696]	1831	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1832
	1833	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1834	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1835	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1836	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1837	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1838	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1839	)**2 + &
	1840	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1841	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1842	)**2 + &
	1843	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1844	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1845	)**2 &
	1846	) * &
	1847	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1848	ENDDO
	1849	ENDDO
	1850	ENDDO
[1960]	1851	!
	1852	!-- scalar concentration
	1853	CASE ( 7 )
	1854	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1855	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1856	!
	1857	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1858	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1859
[2696]	1860	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1861
	1862	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1863	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1864	lsec * &
	1865	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1866	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1867	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1868	)**2 + &
	1869	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1870	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1871	)**2 + &
	1872	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1873	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1874	)**2 &
	1875	) * &
	1876	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1877	ENDDO
	1878	ENDDO
	1879	ENDDO
[1484]	1880
	1881
[1960]	1882
[138]	1883	CASE DEFAULT
	1884
[257]	1885	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1886	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1887
	1888	END SELECT
	1889
[1826]	1890	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1891
	1892
	1893	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1894	! Description:
	1895	! ------------
[1682]	1896	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1897	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1898	!>
	1899	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1900	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1901	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1902	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1903	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1904	!>
	1905	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1906	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1907	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1908	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1909	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1910	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1911	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1912	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1913	!>
	1914	!>
	1915	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1916	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1917	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1918
	1919
[1320]	1920	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1921	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1922
	1923	USE kinds
	1924
[138]	1925	IMPLICIT NONE
	1926
[1682]	1927	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1928	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1929	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1930	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1931	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1932	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1933
[4314]	1934	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
	1935	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
	1936	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
	1937	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
	1938
[1682]	1939	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1940	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1941	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1942	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1943	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1944	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1945
	1946
	1947	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1948	!
[1484]	1949	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1950	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1951
	1952	!
[142]	1953	!-- u-component
[1484]	1954	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1955	!
[4314]	1956	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
	1957	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
	1958	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
	1959	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
	1960	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	1961	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
	1962	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	1963	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
	1964	!
[2232]	1965	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	1966	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	1967	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1968
[2696]	1969	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1970
	1971	!
[1484]	1972	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1973	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1974	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1975	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1976	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1977	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
[4314]	1978	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	1979	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	1980	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	1981	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	1982	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	1983	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4314]	1984	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
	1985	.NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
	1986	!
	1987	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	1988	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	1989	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	1990	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	1991	!-- point (j,i-1).
	1992	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
	1993	building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1994
	1995	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1996	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1997	!
	1998	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1999	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	2000	lad_local * &
	2001	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2002	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	2003	v(k,j,i) + &
	2004	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2005	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	2006	)**2 + &
	2007	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	2008	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2009	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	2010	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2011	)**2 &
	2012	) * &
	2013	u(k,j,i)
	2014
	2015	!
	2016	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2017	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2018	!
	2019	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2020	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2021	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	2022	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2023	ELSE
	2024	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2025	ENDIF
	2026	!
	2027	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2028	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2029	ENDDO
	2030
	2031
	2032	!
[142]	2033	!-- v-component
[1484]	2034	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	2035	!
[4314]	2036	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
	2037	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
	2038	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
	2039	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
	2040	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2041	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
	2042	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
	2043	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
	2044	!
[2232]	2045	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	2046	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2696]	2047	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	2048
[2232]	2049	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	2050	!
[1484]	2051	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	2052	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	2053	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	2054	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	2055	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	2056	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
[4314]	2057	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
	2058	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
	2059	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
	2060	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
	2061	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
[1721]	2062	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
[4314]	2063	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2064	.NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
	2065	!
	2066	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
	2067	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
	2068	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
	2069	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
	2070	!-- point (j,i-1).
	2071	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
	2072	building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	2073
	2074	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2075	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	2076	!
	2077	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	2078	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	2079	lad_local * &
	2080	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	2081	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	2082	u(k,j,i) + &
	2083	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2084	)**2 + &
	2085	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2086	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	2087	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2088	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	2089	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2090	)**2 &
	2091	) * &
	2092	v(k,j,i)
	2093
	2094	!
	2095	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2096	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2097	!
	2098	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2099	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2100	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	2101	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2102	ELSE
	2103	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2104	ENDIF
	2105	!
	2106	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2107	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2108	ENDDO
	2109
	2110
	2111	!
[142]	2112	!-- w-component
[1484]	2113	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	2114	!
	2115	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	2116	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	2117
[2696]	2118	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	2119
[2232]	2120	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	2121
[1484]	2122	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2123	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	2124	!
[1484]	2125	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	2126	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	2127	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	2128	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	2129	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2130	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	2131	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	2132	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	2133	)**2 + &
	2134	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2135	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2136	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	2137	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	2138	)**2 + &
	2139	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	2140	) * &
	2141	w(k,j,i)
	2142	!
	2143	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2144	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2145	!
	2146	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2147	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2148	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	2149	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2150	ELSE
	2151	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2152	ENDIF
	2153	!
	2154	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2155	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2156	ENDDO
	2157
	2158	!
[153]	2159	!-- potential temperature
	2160	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	2161	!
	2162	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2163	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2164
[3449]	2165	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2166	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2167	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3582]	2168	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
	2169	pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2170	ENDDO
	2171	ELSE
	2172	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2173	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2174	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	2175	ENDDO
	2176	ENDIF
[153]	2177
	2178	!
[1960]	2179	!-- humidity
[153]	2180	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	2181	!
	2182	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2183	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2184
[2696]	2185	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[3014]	2186	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3449]	2187	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	2188	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	2189	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	2190	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	2191	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	2192	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	2193	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2194	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2195	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2196	)**2 + &
	2197	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2198	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2199	)**2 + &
	2200	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2201	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2202	)**2 &
	2203	) * &
[3449]	2204	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2205	ENDIF
[2232]	2206
[3014]	2207	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
	2208
[153]	2209	ENDDO
	2210
	2211	!
[142]	2212	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	2213	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	2214	!
	2215	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2216	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2217
[2696]	2218	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2219
	2220	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	2221	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2222	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	2223	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	2224	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2225	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2226	)**2 + &
	2227	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2228	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2229	)**2 + &
	2230	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2231	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2232	)**2 &
	2233	) * &
	2234	e(k,j,i)
	2235	ENDDO
[1960]	2236
	2237	!
	2238	!-- scalar concentration
	2239	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	2240	!
	2241	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2242	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2243
[2696]	2244	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2245
	2246	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	2247	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2248	lsec * &
	2249	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2250	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2251	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2252	)**2 + &
	2253	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2254	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2255	)**2 + &
	2256	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2257	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2258	)**2 &
	2259	) * &
	2260	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2261	ENDDO
[138]	2262
[142]	2263	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	2264
[257]	2265	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	2266	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2267
[142]	2268	END SELECT
[138]	2269
[1826]	2270	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	2271
[2007]	2272
	2273
[138]	2274	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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