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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4278

Last change on this file since 4278 was 4278, checked in by scharf, 4 years ago
changed check for static driver and fixed bugs in initialization and header of plant canopy model
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 90.7 KB

Rev	Line
[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3655]	17	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[3885]	18	! Copyright 2017-2019 Institute of Computer Science of the
	19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
[2000]	20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	21	!
[257]	22	! Current revisions:
[2977]	23	! ------------------
[2214]	24	!
[4226]	25	!
[2214]	26	! Former revisions:
	27	! -----------------
	28	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4278 2019-10-28 16:58:32Z scharf $
[4278]	29	! changed check for static driver and fixed bugs in initialization and header
	30	!
	31	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z suehring
[4258]	32	! Check if any LAD is prescribed when plant-canopy model is applied.
	33	!
	34	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
[4226]	35	! Bugfix, missing initialization of heating rate
	36	!
	37	! 4221 2019-09-09 08:50:35Z suehring
[4220]	38	! Further bugfix in 3d data output for plant canopy
	39	!
	40	! 4216 2019-09-04 09:09:03Z suehring
[4216]	41	! Bugfixes in 3d data output
	42	!
	43	! 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring
[4205]	44	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
	45	!
	46	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
[4188]	47	! Minor adjustment in error number
	48	!
	49	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
[4187]	50	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
	51	!
	52	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	53	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	54	!
	55	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
[4168]	56	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
	57	!
	58	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
[4127]	59	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
	60	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
	61	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
	62	! (merge from branch resler)
	63	!
	64	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	65	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	66	! of additional debug messages
	67	!
	68	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
[3761]	69	! unsed variables removed
	70	!
	71	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
[3745]	72	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
	73	! becomes > 40 degrees
	74	!
	75	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
[3685]	76	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	77	!
	78	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3614]	79	! unused variables removed
[3498]	80	!
[4182]	81	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	82	! Initial revision
	83	!
[138]	84	! Description:
	85	! ------------
[1682]	86	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	87	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	88	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	89	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[3744]	90	!
	91	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
[4216]	92	! @todo - unify variable names (pcm_, pc_, ...)
[138]	93	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	94	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	95
[1484]	96	USE arrays_3d, &
[3449]	97	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	98
[3449]	99	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	100	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
	101
[3885]	102	USE control_parameters, &
	103	ONLY: debug_output, humidity
[3449]	104
[1484]	105	USE indices, &
	106	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[4168]	107	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind
[1484]	108
	109	USE kinds
	110
[3449]	111	USE pegrid
	112
[1484]	113
	114	IMPLICIT NONE
	115
	116
[3449]	117	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
	118	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
	119	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
	120	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
[1484]	121
[3449]	122	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	123	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	124
[3449]	125	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
[2696]	126
[3449]	127	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	128
[2696]	129	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	130	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	131	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	132	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	133	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	134	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	135	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	136	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	137	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	138	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	139	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2768]	140	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2696]	141	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	142
[2696]	143	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	144	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	145
[2977]	146	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	147	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	148
[1682]	149	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	150	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	151
[4127]	152	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	153	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
	154	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
	155	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
	156	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
[1484]	157
[4127]	158	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
	159	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
	160	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
	161
[1484]	162	SAVE
	163
	164
[138]	165	PRIVATE
[1826]	166
	167	!
	168	!-- Public functions
[3449]	169	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, pcm_check_data_output, &
[4127]	170	pcm_check_parameters, pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
	171	pcm_data_output_3d, pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
[3449]	172	pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	173
[1826]	174	!
	175	!-- Public variables and constants
[3467]	176	PUBLIC cdc, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate, &
	177	canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, pch_index, &
	178	plant_canopy_transpiration
[1484]	179
[3449]	180	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	181	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	182	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	183
[2209]	184	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	185	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	186	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	187
[1826]	188	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	189	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	190	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	191
[4127]	192	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	193	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	194	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	195
[2209]	196	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	197	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	198	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	199
	200	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	201	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	202	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	203
	204	INTERFACE pcm_header
	205	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	206	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	207
	208	INTERFACE pcm_init
	209	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	210	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	211
[1826]	212	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	213	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	214	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	215
	216	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	217	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	218	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	219
	220	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	221	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	222	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	223	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	224
	225
[138]	226	CONTAINS
	227
[2209]	228
[3449]	229
[2209]	230	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	231	! Description:
	232	! ------------
[3449]	233	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
	234	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
	235	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
	236	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
	237	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
	238	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
	239	!> Tree Physiology 20).
	240	!>
	241	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
	242	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
	243	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
	244	!>
	245	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	246	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
	247
	248	USE control_parameters, &
	249	ONLY: dz
	250
	251	USE grid_variables, &
	252	ONLY: dx, dy
	253
	254	IMPLICIT NONE
	255	!-- input parameters
[4205]	256	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
	257	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
	258	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
	259	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
	260	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
[3449]	261
	262	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
[4205]	263	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
	264	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
	265	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
	266	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
	267	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
	268	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	269	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	270	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	271	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
	272	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
[3449]	273
	274
	275	!-- Temperature (deg C)
	276	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
	277	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
[4205]	278	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
[3449]	279	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
	280	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
	281	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
	282	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
	283	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
	284	!-- Wind speed
[3744]	285	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
[4205]	286	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
	287	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
[3449]	288	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
	289	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
	290	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
	291	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
	292	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
	293	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
[4205]	294	f1 = rad * (1000.0_wp+42.1_wp) / 1000.0_wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
[3449]	295	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
	296	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
[3744]	297	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
[3449]	298	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
	299	!-- Water pressure deficit
	300	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
	301	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
	302	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
	303	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
	304	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
	305	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
	306	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
[4205]	307	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
[3449]	308	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
	309	!-- Residual soil water content
	310	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
	311	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
	312	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
	313	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
[4205]	314	f4 = MAX(0.0_wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
[3449]	315	!-- Stomatal conductivity
	316	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
	317	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
[4205]	318	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
[3449]	319	!-- Decoupling factor
	320	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
[4205]	321	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
	322	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
[3449]	323	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
	324	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
	325	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
	326	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
	327	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
	328	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
	329	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
	330	!-- Evaporation rate
	331	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
	332	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
	333	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
	334	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
	335	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
	336	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
	337	!-- latent heat from evaporation
	338	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
	339
	340	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	341
	342
	343	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	344	! Description:
	345	! ------------
[2209]	346	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	347	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	348	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[1826]	349
[2209]	350
	351	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	352	ONLY: message_string, urban_surface
[2209]	353
	354	IMPLICIT NONE
	355
	356	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	357	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	358
	359
	360	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	361
	362	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	363	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	364	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	365	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	366	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	367	ENDIF
[2209]	368	unit = 'K s-1'
	369
[3014]	370	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	371	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	372
[3449]	373	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	374	unit = 'K s-1'
	375
	376	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
	377	unit = 'K s-1'
	378
[2209]	379	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	380	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	381
	382
	383	CASE DEFAULT
	384	unit = 'illegal'
	385
	386	END SELECT
	387
	388
	389	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	390
	391
[1826]	392	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	393	! Description:
	394	! ------------
	395	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	396	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	397	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	398
[1826]	399	USE control_parameters, &
[3274]	400	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2696]	401
[3274]	402	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	403	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
	404
[2696]	405	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	406	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
[1826]	407
	408
	409	IMPLICIT NONE
	410
	411
	412	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	413	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
[3046]	414	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	415	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	416	ENDIF
	417
[3045]	418	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
[1826]	419	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	420	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	421	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	422	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	423	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	424	ENDIF
	425
	426	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	427	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	428	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	429	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	430	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	431	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	432	ENDIF
	433
	434	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	435	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	436	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	437	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	438	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	439	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	440	'density profile'
[2768]	441	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	442	ENDIF
	443
[3274]	444	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
[1826]	445	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	446	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	447	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	448	ENDIF
[2696]	449	!
[4278]	450	!-- If canopy shall be read from file, static input file must be present
	451	IF ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) == 'read_from_file_3d' .AND. &
	452	.NOT. input_pids_static ) THEN
	453	message_string = 'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d requires ' // &
	454	'static input file'
[4188]	455	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0672', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	456	ENDIF
[1826]	457
	458
	459	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	460
	461
[138]	462	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	463	!
[1484]	464	! Description:
	465	! ------------
[4127]	466	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
[2209]	467	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4216]	468	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
[4127]	469
	470
	471	USE control_parameters
	472
	473	USE indices
	474
	475	USE kinds
	476
	477	IMPLICIT NONE
	478
	479	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
	480	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	481
	482	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	483	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	484	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	485
	486
	487	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
	488
	489	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	490
	491	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	492	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	493	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	494	ENDIF
	495	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	496
	497
	498	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	499	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	500	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	501	ENDIF
	502	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	503
	504
	505	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	506	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	507	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	508	ENDIF
	509	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	510
	511	CASE DEFAULT
	512	CONTINUE
	513
	514	END SELECT
	515
	516	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
	517
	518	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	519
	520	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	521	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	522	DO i = nxl, nxr
	523	DO j = nys, nyn
	524	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	525	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	526	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
	527	ENDDO
	528	ENDIF
	529	ENDDO
	530	ENDDO
	531	ENDIF
	532
	533
	534	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	535	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	536	DO i = nxl, nxr
	537	DO j = nys, nyn
	538	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	539	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	540	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
	541	ENDDO
	542	ENDIF
	543	ENDDO
	544	ENDDO
	545	ENDIF
	546
	547
	548	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	549	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	550	DO i = nxl, nxr
	551	DO j = nys, nyn
	552	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	553	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	554	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
	555	ENDDO
	556	ENDIF
	557	ENDDO
	558	ENDDO
	559	ENDIF
	560
	561	CASE DEFAULT
	562	CONTINUE
	563
	564	END SELECT
	565
	566	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
	567
	568	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	569
	570	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	571	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	572	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	573	DO j = nysg, nyng
	574	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	575	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	576	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
	577	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	578	ENDDO
	579	ENDIF
	580	ENDDO
	581	ENDDO
	582	ENDIF
	583
	584
	585	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	586	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	587	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	588	DO j = nysg, nyng
	589	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	590	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	591	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
	592	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	593	ENDDO
	594	ENDIF
	595	ENDDO
	596	ENDDO
	597	ENDIF
	598
	599
	600	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	601	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	602	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	603	DO j = nysg, nyng
	604	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	605	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	606	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
	607	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	608	ENDDO
	609	ENDIF
	610	ENDDO
	611	ENDDO
	612	ENDIF
	613
	614	END SELECT
	615
	616	ENDIF
	617
[4216]	618	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
[4127]	619
	620	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	621	!
	622	! Description:
	623	! ------------
	624	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
	625	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
	626	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
	627	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
	628	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	629	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	630	nzb_do, nzt_do )
	631
[2209]	632	USE indices
	633
	634	USE kinds
	635
	636
	637	IMPLICIT NONE
	638
[4216]	639	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< treated variable
[2209]	640
[4216]	641	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< flag indicating instantaneous or averaged data output
	642	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x-direction
	643	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y-direction
	644	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z-direction
[3014]	645	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	646	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	647
[4216]	648	LOGICAL :: found !< flag indicating if variable is found
[2209]	649
[4216]	650	REAL(wp) :: fill_value !< fill value
	651	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !< data output array
[2209]	652
	653
	654	found = .TRUE.
	655
[2696]	656	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	657
	658	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
[4216]	659	!
	660	!-- Note, to save memory arrays for heating are allocated from 0:pch_index.
	661	!-- Thus, output must be relative to these array indices. Further, check
	662	!-- whether the output is within the vertical output range,
[4220]	663	!-- i.e. nzb_do:nzt_do, which is necessary as local_pf is only allocated
	664	!-- for this index space. Note, plant-canopy output has a separate
	665	!-- vertical output coordinate zlad, so that output is mapped down to the
	666	!-- surface.
[4127]	667	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	668	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	669	DO i = nxl, nxr
	670	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	671	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	672	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	673	ENDDO
[4127]	674	ENDDO
	675	ENDDO
	676	ELSE
	677	DO i = nxl, nxr
	678	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	679	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	680	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	681	ENDDO
	682	ENDDO
	683	ENDDO
	684	ENDIF
[3449]	685
	686	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
[4127]	687	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	688	DO i = nxl, nxr
	689	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	690	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	691	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	692	ENDDO
[4127]	693	ENDDO
	694	ENDDO
	695	ELSE
	696	DO i = nxl, nxr
	697	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	698	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	699	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	700	ENDDO
	701	ENDDO
	702	ENDDO
	703	ENDIF
[3449]	704
[4127]	705	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	706	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	707	DO i = nxl, nxr
	708	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	709	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	710	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	711	ENDDO
[4127]	712	ENDDO
	713	ENDDO
	714	ELSE
	715	DO i = nxl, nxr
	716	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	717	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	718	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	719	ENDDO
	720	ENDDO
	721	ENDDO
	722	ENDIF
	723
[3449]	724	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
[4127]	725	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	726	DO i = nxl, nxr
	727	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	728	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	729	IF ( pc_latent_rate(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	730	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) / &
	731	pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	732	ENDIF
	733	ENDDO
[4127]	734	ENDDO
	735	ENDDO
[4216]	736	ELSE
	737	DO i = nxl, nxr
	738	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	739	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	740	IF ( pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	741	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) / &
	742	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
[4216]	743	ENDIF
	744	ENDDO
	745	ENDDO
	746	ENDDO
[4127]	747	ENDIF
[3449]	748
[4127]	749	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	750	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	751	DO i = nxl, nxr
	752	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	753	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	754	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
[4216]	755	ENDDO
[4127]	756	ENDDO
	757	ENDDO
	758	ENDIF
	759
[2209]	760	CASE DEFAULT
	761	found = .FALSE.
	762
	763	END SELECT
	764
	765
	766	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	767
	768	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	769	!
	770	! Description:
	771	! ------------
	772	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	773	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	774	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	775	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	776
	777	IMPLICIT NONE
	778
	779	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	780	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	781	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	782	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	783	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	784
	785	found = .TRUE.
	786
	787	!
	788	!-- Check for the grid
	789	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	790
[3449]	791	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate', 'pcm_bowenratio')
[2209]	792	grid_x = 'x'
	793	grid_y = 'y'
[4127]	794	grid_z = 'zpc'
[2209]	795
	796	CASE DEFAULT
	797	found = .FALSE.
	798	grid_x = 'none'
	799	grid_y = 'none'
	800	grid_z = 'none'
	801	END SELECT
	802
	803	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	804
	805
	806	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	807	! Description:
	808	! ------------
[1826]	809	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	810	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	811	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	812
	813	USE control_parameters, &
[3065]	814	ONLY: passive_scalar
[1826]	815
	816
	817	IMPLICIT NONE
	818
	819	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	820
	821	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	822	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	823	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	824	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	825
	826	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	827	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	828	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	829
	830	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	831
[3065]	832	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1826]	833
	834	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	835	canopy_drag_coeff
	836	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	837	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	838	leaf_surface_conc
	839	ENDIF
	840
	841	!
	842	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	843	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	844
	845	!
	846	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	847	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	848	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	849
	850	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	851	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	852	gradients = '------'
	853	slices = ' 0'
	854	coordinates = ' 0.0'
[4278]	855	DO i = 1, UBOUND(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind, DIM=1)
	856	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) /= -9999 ) THEN
[1826]	857
[4278]	858	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	859	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	860
[4278]	861	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	862	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	863
[4278]	864	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	865	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
[1826]	866
[4278]	867	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	868	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	869	ELSE
	870	EXIT
	871	ENDIF
[1826]	872	ENDDO
	873
	874	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	875	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	876
	877	ELSE
	878
	879	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	880	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	881
	882	DO k = 1, pch_index
	883
	884	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	885	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	886	TRIM( coor_chr )
	887
	888	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	889	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	890
	891	ENDDO
	892
	893	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	894	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	895
	896	ENDIF
	897
	898	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	899	' ------------------------------'// &
	900	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	901	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	902	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	903	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	904	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	905	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	906	' K m/s')
	907	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	908	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	909	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	910	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	911	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	912	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	913	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	914	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	915	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	916	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	917	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	918
	919	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	920
	921
	922	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	923	! Description:
	924	! ------------
[1682]	925	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	926	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	927	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	928
	929
	930	USE control_parameters, &
[3614]	931	ONLY: message_string, ocean_mode
[1484]	932
[2696]	933	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	934	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	935
[2232]	936	USE surface_mod, &
	937	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	938
	939	IMPLICIT NONE
	940
[2007]	941	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	942	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	943	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	944	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	945
[4258]	946	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[2007]	947	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
[4258]	948	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	949	REAL(wp) :: lad_max !< maximum LAD value in the model domain, used to perform a check
[3241]	950
[3885]	951	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
[1484]	952	!
	953	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	954	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	955	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	956	lad = 0.0_wp
	957	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	958
	959	!
[1826]	960	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	961	!-- a beta probability density function
	962	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	963	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	964	ENDIF
	965
	966
	967	!
[1484]	968	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	969	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	970	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	971	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	972	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	973	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	974
	975	!
	976	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	977	i = 1
	978	gradient = 0.0_wp
	979
[3294]	980	IF ( .NOT. ocean_mode ) THEN
[1484]	981
	982	lad(0) = lad_surface
	983	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	984
	985	DO k = 1, pch_index
	986	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	987	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	988	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	989	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	990	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	991	i = i + 1
	992	ENDIF
	993	ENDIF
	994	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	995	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	996	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	997	ELSE
	998	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	999	ENDIF
	1000	ELSE
	1001	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	1002	ENDIF
	1003	ENDDO
	1004
	1005	ENDIF
	1006
	1007	!
	1008	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	1009	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	1010	!-- file.
	1011	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1012	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	1013	ENDIF
	1014
	1015	ELSE
	1016
	1017	!
	1018	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	1019	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
[3065]	1020	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1484]	1021
[2232]	1022	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	1023	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	1024	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1025	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1026	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1027	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	1028	ENDDO
	1029
	1030	!
	1031	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	1032	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	1033	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	1034	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1035	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1036	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	1037	) / canopy_height
[1484]	1038	ENDDO
	1039
	1040	!
	1041	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	1042	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	1043	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	1044	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	1045	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	1046	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	1047	ENDDO
	1048
	1049	ENDIF
	1050
	1051	!
[2213]	1052	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	1053	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1054
	1055	!
	1056	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1057	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1058	!-- with the prescribed values
	1059	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	1060	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	1061	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	1062
	1063	!
	1064	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	1065	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	1066	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	1067	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	1068
	1069	CASE( 'block' )
	1070
	1071	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1072	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1073	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	1074	ENDDO
	1075	ENDDO
	1076
[2007]	1077	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	1078	!
[2696]	1079	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	1080	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	1081	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	1082	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	1083	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1084	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	1085	!
	1086	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	1087	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	1088	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	1089
	1090	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1091	DO j = nys, nyn
	1092	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
[3864]	1093	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	1094	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
[2696]	1095	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	1096	ENDDO
	1097	ENDDO
	1098	ENDDO
[4187]	1099
[2696]	1100	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	1101	!
	1102	! ASCII file
[2007]	1103	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1104	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1105	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	1106	!-- each location).
[2696]	1107	ELSE
	1108	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1109	ENDIF
[2007]	1110
[1484]	1111	CASE DEFAULT
	1112	!
[2007]	1113	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	1114	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	1115	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	1116	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	1117	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	1118	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	1119
	1120	END SELECT
[2696]	1121	!
[4258]	1122	!-- Check that at least one grid point has an LAD /= 0, else this may
	1123	!-- cause errors in the radiation model.
	1124	lad_max = MAXVAL( lad_s )
	1125	#if defined( __parallel )
	1126	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_max, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, &
	1127	comm2d, ierr)
	1128	#endif
	1129	IF ( lad_max <= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1130	message_string = 'Plant-canopy model is switched-on but no ' // &
	1131	'plant canopy is present in the model domain.'
	1132	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0685', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1133	ENDIF
	1134
	1135	!
[2696]	1136	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	1137	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1138	pch_index_ji = 0
[4187]	1139
[2696]	1140	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1141	DO j = nys, nyn
	1142	DO k = 0, pch_index
	1143	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	1144	ENDDO
[1484]	1145	!
[2696]	1146	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	1147	!-- height of the model domain.
[4168]	1148	k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2696]	1149	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	1150	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	1151	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
[4187]	1152	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	1153	ENDIF
	1154
	1155	ENDDO
	1156	ENDDO
	1157
	1158	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
[3497]	1159	!
[3449]	1160	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
[3497]	1161	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
[4187]	1162
	1163
[3497]	1164	!
[3449]	1165	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
	1166	#if defined( __parallel )
[3497]	1167	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1168	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
[3449]	1169	#endif
	1170
	1171	!-- Allocation of arrays pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate and pc_latent_rate
	1172	ALLOCATE( pc_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[4221]	1173	pc_heating_rate = 0.0_wp
	1174
[3449]	1175	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1176	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1177	pc_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
	1178	ALLOCATE( pc_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1179	pc_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
	1180	ENDIF
[2696]	1181	!
[2011]	1182	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	1183	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	1184	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	1185	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	1186	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	1187	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	1188	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	1189	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	1190	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	1191	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	1192	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
[3449]	1193	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	1194	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate)
	1195	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
	1196	!-- We cannot use variable radiation_interactions here to determine the situation
	1197	!-- as it is assigned in init_3d_model after the call of pcm_init.
	1198	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2213]	1199
[3449]	1200	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	1201	!
[2011]	1202	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	1203	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	1204	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1205	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1206	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1207	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	1208	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	1209	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1210	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	1211	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1212	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1213	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1214	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1215	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1216	ELSE
	1217	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1218	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	1219	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	1220	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1221	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1222	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1223	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1224	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1225	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1226	ENDIF
	1227	ENDDO
	1228	ENDDO
	1229	ENDDO
	1230
[4278]	1231	!
[2232]	1232	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	1233	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	1234	!-- Start with default surface type
	1235	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
[4278]	1236	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
	1237	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
[2232]	1238	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	1239	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1240	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1241	ENDDO
[1484]	1242	!
[2232]	1243	!-- Natural surfaces
	1244	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
[4278]	1245	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
	1246	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
[2232]	1247	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	1248	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1249	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1250	ENDDO
	1251	!
	1252	!-- Urban surfaces
	1253	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
[4278]	1254	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
	1255	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
[2232]	1256	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	1257	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1258	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1259	ENDDO
	1260	!
	1261	!
[2011]	1262	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	1263	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	1264	!-- canopy.
	1265	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	1266	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	1267	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	1268	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	1269	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1270	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1271	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1272	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3022]	1273	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	1274	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
[2232]	1275	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	1276	ENDIF
	1277	ENDDO
[1721]	1278	ENDDO
	1279	ENDDO
[1484]	1280
	1281	ENDIF
	1282
[3885]	1283	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
[1484]	1284
[3685]	1285
[1826]	1286	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	1287
	1288
[2007]	1289	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1290	! Description:
	1291	! ------------
[2932]	1292	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	1293	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1294	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	1295
[2746]	1296	USE control_parameters, &
[2932]	1297	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
[2007]	1298
	1299	IMPLICIT NONE
	1300
	1301	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1302
[2932]	1303	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	1304	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1305	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1306	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	1307	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1308	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1309	lai_beta, &
	1310	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1311	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1312	plant_canopy_transpiration
[2932]	1313
[2007]	1314	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1315	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1316	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1317	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1318	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1319	lai_beta, &
	1320	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1321	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1322	plant_canopy_transpiration
[3246]	1323
[2007]	1324	line = ' '
[3246]	1325
[2007]	1326	!
[4258]	1327	!-- Try to find plant-canopy model package
[2007]	1328	REWIND ( 11 )
	1329	line = ' '
[3248]	1330	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1331	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[2007]	1332	ENDDO
	1333	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1334
	1335	!
	1336	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1337	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
[2932]	1338
	1339	!
[4258]	1340	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2932]	1341	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
[3246]	1342
	1343	GOTO 14
	1344
	1345	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1346	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1347	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
[2932]	1348	!
	1349	!-- Try to find old namelist
[3246]	1350	12 REWIND ( 11 )
[2932]	1351	line = ' '
[3248]	1352	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1353	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
[2932]	1354	ENDDO
	1355	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1356
	1357	!
	1358	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1359	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
[2007]	1360
[2932]	1361	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
[3046]	1362	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	1363	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1364	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[3246]	1365
[2007]	1366	!
[4258]	1367	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2007]	1368	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1369
[3246]	1370	GOTO 14
[2007]	1371
[3246]	1372	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1373	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1374	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
[3246]	1375
	1376	14 CONTINUE
	1377
	1378
[2007]	1379	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1380
	1381
	1382
[1484]	1383	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1384	! Description:
	1385	! ------------
[2007]	1386	!
	1387	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1388	!>
	1389	!> num_levels
[2977]	1390	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1391	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1392	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1393	!> ...
	1394	!>
	1395	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1396	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1397	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1398	!>
	1399	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1400	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1401	!>
	1402	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1403	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1404	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1405	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1406
	1407	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	1408	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2007]	1409
[2213]	1410	USE indices, &
	1411	ONLY: nbgp
	1412
	1413	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1414
[2213]	1415	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1416	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1417	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1418	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
[3337]	1419	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1420	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1421	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
[2213]	1422
	1423	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1424
[2213]	1425	!
	1426	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1427	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1428
	1429	!
	1430	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1431	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1432	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1433	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1434	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[3337]	1435	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
	1436	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
[2977]	1437	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1438
[2213]	1439	DO
[2977]	1440	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1441	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1442
	1443	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1444	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1445	!
[2977]	1446	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1447	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1448	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1449	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1450	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1451	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1452	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1453	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1454	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1455	ENDIF
[4168]	1456	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3337]	1457	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
[2977]	1458	CASE DEFAULT
	1459	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1460	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1461	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1462	END SELECT
[2213]	1463	ENDDO
[2007]	1464
[2213]	1465	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1466	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1467
[2213]	1468	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1469	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1470
	1471	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1472	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1473
	1474	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1475
	1476	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1477
	1478
	1479
	1480	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1481	! Description:
	1482	! ------------
[1682]	1483	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1484	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1485	!>
	1486	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1487	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1488	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1489	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1490	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1491	!>
	1492	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1493	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1494	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1495	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1496	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1497	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1498	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1499	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1500	!>
	1501	!>
	1502	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1503	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1504	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1505
	1506
[1320]	1507	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1508	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1509
	1510	USE kinds
	1511
[138]	1512	IMPLICIT NONE
	1513
[1682]	1514	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1515	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1516	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1517	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1518	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1519	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1520
[1682]	1521	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1522	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1523	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1524	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1525	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1526	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1527
	1528
	1529	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1530
	1531	!
[1484]	1532	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1533	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1534
	1535	!
	1536	!-- u-component
	1537	CASE ( 1 )
	1538	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1539	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1540	!
	1541	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	1542	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	1543	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1544
[2232]	1545	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1546	!
	1547	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1548	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1549	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1550	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1551	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1552	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1553	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1554	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1555	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1556	THEN
	1557	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1558	ENDIF
	1559
	1560	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1561	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1562	!
	1563	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1564	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1565	lad_local * &
	1566	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1567	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1568	v(k,j,i) + &
	1569	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1570	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1571	)**2 + &
	1572	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1573	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1574	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1575	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1576	)**2 &
	1577	) * &
	1578	u(k,j,i)
	1579
	1580	!
	1581	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1582	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1583	!
	1584	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1585	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1586	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1587	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1588	ELSE
	1589	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1590	ENDIF
	1591	!
	1592	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1593	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1594
[138]	1595	ENDDO
	1596	ENDDO
	1597	ENDDO
	1598
	1599	!
	1600	!-- v-component
	1601	CASE ( 2 )
	1602	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1603	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1604	!
	1605	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	1606	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2317]	1607
[2696]	1608	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1609
[2232]	1610	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1611	!
	1612	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1613	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1614	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1615	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1616	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1617	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1618	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1619	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1620	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1621	THEN
	1622	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1623	ENDIF
	1624
	1625	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1626	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1627	!
	1628	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1629	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1630	lad_local * &
	1631	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1632	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1633	u(k,j,i) + &
	1634	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1635	)**2 + &
	1636	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1637	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1638	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1639	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1640	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1641	)**2 &
	1642	) * &
	1643	v(k,j,i)
	1644
	1645	!
	1646	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1647	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1648	!
	1649	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1650	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1651	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1652	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1653	ELSE
	1654	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1655	ENDIF
	1656	!
	1657	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1658	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1659
[138]	1660	ENDDO
	1661	ENDDO
	1662	ENDDO
	1663
	1664	!
	1665	!-- w-component
	1666	CASE ( 3 )
	1667	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1668	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1669	!
	1670	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	1671	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	1672
[2696]	1673	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1674
[2232]	1675	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1676
[1484]	1677	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1678	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1679	!
	1680	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1681	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1682	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1683	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1684	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1685	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1686	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1687	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1688	)**2 + &
	1689	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1690	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1691	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1692	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1693	)**2 + &
	1694	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1695	) * &
	1696	w(k,j,i)
	1697	!
	1698	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1699	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1700	!
	1701	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1702	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1703	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1704	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1705	ELSE
	1706	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1707	ENDIF
	1708	!
	1709	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1710	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1711
[138]	1712	ENDDO
	1713	ENDDO
	1714	ENDDO
	1715
	1716	!
[153]	1717	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1718	CASE ( 4 )
[3449]	1719	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1720	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1721	DO j = nys, nyn
	1722	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1723	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1724	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1725	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1726	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
	1727	ENDDO
[153]	1728	ENDDO
	1729	ENDDO
[3449]	1730	ELSE
	1731	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1732	DO j = nys, nyn
	1733	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1734	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1735	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1736	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1737	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	1738	ENDDO
	1739	ENDDO
	1740	ENDDO
	1741	ENDIF
[153]	1742
	1743	!
[1960]	1744	!-- humidity
[153]	1745	CASE ( 5 )
	1746	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1747	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1748	!
	1749	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1750	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1751
[2696]	1752	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1753
	1754	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3014]	1755
[3449]	1756	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	1757	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	1758	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	1759	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	1760	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	1761	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1762	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1763	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1764	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1765	)**2 + &
	1766	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1767	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1768	)**2 + &
	1769	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1770	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1771	)**2 &
	1772	) * &
[3449]	1773	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1774	ENDIF
	1775
[3014]	1776	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1777	ENDDO
	1778	ENDDO
	1779	ENDDO
	1780
	1781	!
	1782	!-- sgs-tke
	1783	CASE ( 6 )
	1784	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1785	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1786	!
	1787	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1788	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1789
[2696]	1790	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1791
	1792	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1793	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1794	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1795	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1796	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1797	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1798	)**2 + &
	1799	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1800	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1801	)**2 + &
	1802	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1803	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1804	)**2 &
	1805	) * &
	1806	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1807	ENDDO
	1808	ENDDO
	1809	ENDDO
[1960]	1810	!
	1811	!-- scalar concentration
	1812	CASE ( 7 )
	1813	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1814	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1815	!
	1816	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1817	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1818
[2696]	1819	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1820
	1821	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1822	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1823	lsec * &
	1824	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1825	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1826	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1827	)**2 + &
	1828	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1829	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1830	)**2 + &
	1831	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1832	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1833	)**2 &
	1834	) * &
	1835	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1836	ENDDO
	1837	ENDDO
	1838	ENDDO
[1484]	1839
	1840
[1960]	1841
[138]	1842	CASE DEFAULT
	1843
[257]	1844	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1845	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1846
	1847	END SELECT
	1848
[1826]	1849	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1850
	1851
	1852	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1853	! Description:
	1854	! ------------
[1682]	1855	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1856	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1857	!>
	1858	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1859	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1860	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1861	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1862	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1863	!>
	1864	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1865	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1866	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1867	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1868	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1869	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1870	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1871	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1872	!>
	1873	!>
	1874	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1875	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1876	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1877
	1878
[1320]	1879	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1880	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1881
	1882	USE kinds
	1883
[138]	1884	IMPLICIT NONE
	1885
[1682]	1886	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1887	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1888	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1889	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1890	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1891	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1892
[1682]	1893	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1894	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1895	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1896	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1897	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1898	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1899
	1900
	1901	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1902	!
[1484]	1903	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1904	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1905
	1906	!
[142]	1907	!-- u-component
[1484]	1908	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1909	!
	1910	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	1911	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	1912	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1913
[2696]	1914	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1915
	1916	!
[1484]	1917	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1918	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1919	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1920	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1921	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1922	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1923	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1924	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1925	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1926	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1927	ENDIF
	1928
	1929	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1930	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1931	!
	1932	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1933	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1934	lad_local * &
	1935	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1936	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1937	v(k,j,i) + &
	1938	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1939	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1940	)**2 + &
	1941	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1942	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1943	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1944	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1945	)**2 &
	1946	) * &
	1947	u(k,j,i)
	1948
	1949	!
	1950	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1951	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1952	!
	1953	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1954	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1955	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1956	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1957	ELSE
	1958	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1959	ENDIF
	1960	!
	1961	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1962	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1963	ENDDO
	1964
	1965
	1966	!
[142]	1967	!-- v-component
[1484]	1968	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	1969	!
	1970	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	1971	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2317]	1972
[2696]	1973	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	1974
[2232]	1975	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1976	!
[1484]	1977	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1978	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1979	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1980	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1981	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1982	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1983	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1984	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1985	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1986	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1987	ENDIF
	1988
	1989	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1990	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1991	!
	1992	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1993	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1994	lad_local * &
	1995	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1996	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1997	u(k,j,i) + &
	1998	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1999	)**2 + &
	2000	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	2001	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	2002	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2003	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	2004	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2005	)**2 &
	2006	) * &
	2007	v(k,j,i)
	2008
	2009	!
	2010	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2011	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2012	!
	2013	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2014	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2015	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	2016	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2017	ELSE
	2018	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2019	ENDIF
	2020	!
	2021	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2022	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2023	ENDDO
	2024
	2025
	2026	!
[142]	2027	!-- w-component
[1484]	2028	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	2029	!
	2030	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	2031	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	2032
[2696]	2033	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	2034
[2232]	2035	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	2036
[1484]	2037	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2038	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	2039	!
[1484]	2040	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	2041	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	2042	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	2043	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	2044	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2045	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	2046	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	2047	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	2048	)**2 + &
	2049	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2050	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2051	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	2052	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	2053	)**2 + &
	2054	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	2055	) * &
	2056	w(k,j,i)
	2057	!
	2058	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2059	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2060	!
	2061	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2062	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2063	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	2064	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2065	ELSE
	2066	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2067	ENDIF
	2068	!
	2069	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2070	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2071	ENDDO
	2072
	2073	!
[153]	2074	!-- potential temperature
	2075	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	2076	!
	2077	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2078	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2079
[3449]	2080	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2081	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2082	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3582]	2083	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
	2084	pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2085	ENDDO
	2086	ELSE
	2087	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2088	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2089	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	2090	ENDDO
	2091	ENDIF
[153]	2092
	2093	!
[1960]	2094	!-- humidity
[153]	2095	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	2096	!
	2097	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2098	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2099
[2696]	2100	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[3014]	2101	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3449]	2102	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	2103	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	2104	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	2105	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	2106	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	2107	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	2108	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2109	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2110	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2111	)**2 + &
	2112	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2113	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2114	)**2 + &
	2115	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2116	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2117	)**2 &
	2118	) * &
[3449]	2119	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2120	ENDIF
[2232]	2121
[3014]	2122	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
	2123
[153]	2124	ENDDO
	2125
	2126	!
[142]	2127	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	2128	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	2129	!
	2130	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2131	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2132
[2696]	2133	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2134
	2135	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	2136	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2137	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	2138	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	2139	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2140	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2141	)**2 + &
	2142	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2143	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2144	)**2 + &
	2145	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2146	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2147	)**2 &
	2148	) * &
	2149	e(k,j,i)
	2150	ENDDO
[1960]	2151
	2152	!
	2153	!-- scalar concentration
	2154	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	2155	!
	2156	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2157	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2158
[2696]	2159	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2160
	2161	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	2162	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2163	lsec * &
	2164	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2165	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2166	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2167	)**2 + &
	2168	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2169	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2170	)**2 + &
	2171	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2172	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2173	)**2 &
	2174	) * &
	2175	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2176	ENDDO
[138]	2177
[142]	2178	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	2179
[257]	2180	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	2181	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2182
[142]	2183	END SELECT
[138]	2184
[1826]	2185	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	2186
[2007]	2187
	2188
[138]	2189	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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