Home

Context Navigation

source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4262

Last change on this file since 4262 was 4258, checked in by suehring, 5 years ago
Land-surface model: Revise limitation for soil moisture in case it exceeds its saturation value; Revise initialization of soil moisture and temperature in a nested run in case dynamic input information is available. This case, the soil within the child domains can be initialized separately; As part of this revision, migrate the netcdf input of soil temperature / moisture to this module, as well as the routine to inter/extrapolate soil profiles between different grids.; Plant-canopy: Check if any LAD is prescribed when plant-canopy model is applied, in order to avoid crashes in the radiation transfer model; Surface-layer fluxes: Initialization of Obukhov length also at vertical surfaces (if allocated); Urban-surface model: Add checks to ensure that relative fractions of walls, windowns and green surfaces sum-u to one; Revise message calls dealing with local checks
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 90.6 KB

Rev	Line
[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3655]	17	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[3885]	18	! Copyright 2017-2019 Institute of Computer Science of the
	19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
[2000]	20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	21	!
[257]	22	! Current revisions:
[2977]	23	! ------------------
[2214]	24	!
[4226]	25	!
[2214]	26	! Former revisions:
	27	! -----------------
	28	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z schwenkel $
[4258]	29	! Check if any LAD is prescribed when plant-canopy model is applied.
	30	!
	31	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
[4226]	32	! Bugfix, missing initialization of heating rate
	33	!
	34	! 4221 2019-09-09 08:50:35Z suehring
[4220]	35	! Further bugfix in 3d data output for plant canopy
	36	!
	37	! 4216 2019-09-04 09:09:03Z suehring
[4216]	38	! Bugfixes in 3d data output
	39	!
	40	! 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring
[4205]	41	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
	42	!
	43	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
[4188]	44	! Minor adjustment in error number
	45	!
	46	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
[4187]	47	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
	48	!
	49	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	50	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	51	!
	52	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
[4168]	53	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
	54	!
	55	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
[4127]	56	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
	57	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
	58	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
	59	! (merge from branch resler)
	60	!
	61	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	62	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	63	! of additional debug messages
	64	!
	65	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
[3761]	66	! unsed variables removed
	67	!
	68	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
[3745]	69	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
	70	! becomes > 40 degrees
	71	!
	72	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
[3685]	73	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	74	!
	75	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3614]	76	! unused variables removed
[3498]	77	!
[4182]	78	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	79	! Initial revision
	80	!
[138]	81	! Description:
	82	! ------------
[1682]	83	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	84	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	85	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	86	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[3744]	87	!
	88	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
[4216]	89	! @todo - unify variable names (pcm_, pc_, ...)
[138]	90	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	91	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	92
[1484]	93	USE arrays_3d, &
[3449]	94	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	95
[3449]	96	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	97	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
	98
[3885]	99	USE control_parameters, &
	100	ONLY: debug_output, humidity
[3449]	101
[1484]	102	USE indices, &
	103	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[4168]	104	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind
[1484]	105
	106	USE kinds
	107
[3449]	108	USE pegrid
	109
[1484]	110
	111	IMPLICIT NONE
	112
	113
[3449]	114	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
	115	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
	116	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
	117	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
[1484]	118
[3449]	119	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	120	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	121
[3449]	122	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
[2696]	123
[3449]	124	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	125
[2696]	126	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	127	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	128	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	129	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	130	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	131	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	132	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	133	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	134	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	135	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	136	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2768]	137	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2696]	138	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	139
[2696]	140	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	141	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	142
[2977]	143	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	144	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	145
[1682]	146	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	147	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	148
[4127]	149	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	150	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
	151	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
	152	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
	153	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
[1484]	154
[4127]	155	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
	156	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
	157	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
	158
[1484]	159	SAVE
	160
	161
[138]	162	PRIVATE
[1826]	163
	164	!
	165	!-- Public functions
[3449]	166	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, pcm_check_data_output, &
[4127]	167	pcm_check_parameters, pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
	168	pcm_data_output_3d, pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
[3449]	169	pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	170
[1826]	171	!
	172	!-- Public variables and constants
[3467]	173	PUBLIC cdc, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate, &
	174	canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, pch_index, &
	175	plant_canopy_transpiration
[1484]	176
[3449]	177	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	178	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	179	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	180
[2209]	181	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	182	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	183	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	184
[1826]	185	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	186	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	187	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	188
[4127]	189	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	190	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	191	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	192
[2209]	193	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	194	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	195	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	196
	197	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	198	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	199	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	200
	201	INTERFACE pcm_header
	202	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	203	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	204
	205	INTERFACE pcm_init
	206	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	207	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	208
[1826]	209	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	210	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	211	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	212
	213	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	214	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	215	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	216
	217	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	218	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	219	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	220	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	221
	222
[138]	223	CONTAINS
	224
[2209]	225
[3449]	226
[2209]	227	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	228	! Description:
	229	! ------------
[3449]	230	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
	231	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
	232	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
	233	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
	234	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
	235	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
	236	!> Tree Physiology 20).
	237	!>
	238	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
	239	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
	240	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
	241	!>
	242	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	243	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
	244
	245	USE control_parameters, &
	246	ONLY: dz
	247
	248	USE grid_variables, &
	249	ONLY: dx, dy
	250
	251	IMPLICIT NONE
	252	!-- input parameters
[4205]	253	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
	254	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
	255	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
	256	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
	257	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
[3449]	258
	259	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
[4205]	260	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
	261	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
	262	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
	263	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
	264	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
	265	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	266	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	267	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	268	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
	269	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
[3449]	270
	271
	272	!-- Temperature (deg C)
	273	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
	274	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
[4205]	275	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
[3449]	276	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
	277	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
	278	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
	279	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
	280	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
	281	!-- Wind speed
[3744]	282	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
[4205]	283	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
	284	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
[3449]	285	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
	286	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
	287	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
	288	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
	289	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
	290	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
[4205]	291	f1 = rad * (1000.0_wp+42.1_wp) / 1000.0_wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
[3449]	292	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
	293	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
[3744]	294	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
[3449]	295	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
	296	!-- Water pressure deficit
	297	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
	298	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
	299	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
	300	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
	301	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
	302	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
	303	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
[4205]	304	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
[3449]	305	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
	306	!-- Residual soil water content
	307	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
	308	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
	309	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
	310	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
[4205]	311	f4 = MAX(0.0_wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
[3449]	312	!-- Stomatal conductivity
	313	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
	314	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
[4205]	315	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
[3449]	316	!-- Decoupling factor
	317	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
[4205]	318	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
	319	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
[3449]	320	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
	321	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
	322	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
	323	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
	324	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
	325	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
	326	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
	327	!-- Evaporation rate
	328	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
	329	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
	330	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
	331	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
	332	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
	333	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
	334	!-- latent heat from evaporation
	335	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
	336
	337	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	338
	339
	340	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	341	! Description:
	342	! ------------
[2209]	343	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	344	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	345	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[1826]	346
[2209]	347
	348	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	349	ONLY: message_string, urban_surface
[2209]	350
	351	IMPLICIT NONE
	352
	353	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	354	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	355
	356
	357	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	358
	359	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	360	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	361	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	362	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	363	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	364	ENDIF
[2209]	365	unit = 'K s-1'
	366
[3014]	367	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	368	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	369
[3449]	370	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	371	unit = 'K s-1'
	372
	373	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
	374	unit = 'K s-1'
	375
[2209]	376	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	377	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	378
	379
	380	CASE DEFAULT
	381	unit = 'illegal'
	382
	383	END SELECT
	384
	385
	386	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	387
	388
[1826]	389	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	390	! Description:
	391	! ------------
	392	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	393	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	394	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	395
[1826]	396	USE control_parameters, &
[3274]	397	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2696]	398
[3274]	399	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	400	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
	401
[2696]	402	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	403	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
[1826]	404
	405
	406	IMPLICIT NONE
	407
	408
	409	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	410	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
[3046]	411	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	412	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	413	ENDIF
	414
[3045]	415	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
[1826]	416	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	417	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	418	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	419	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	420	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	421	ENDIF
	422
	423	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	424	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	425	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	426	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	427	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	428	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	429	ENDIF
	430
	431	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	432	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	433	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	434	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	435	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	436	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	437	'density profile'
[2768]	438	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	439	ENDIF
	440
[3274]	441	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
[1826]	442	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	443	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	444	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	445	ENDIF
[2696]	446	!
	447	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
	448	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
	449	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
	450	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
	451	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	452	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
	453	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
[4188]	454	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0672', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	455	ENDIF
[1826]	456
	457
	458	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	459
	460
[138]	461	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	462	!
[1484]	463	! Description:
	464	! ------------
[4127]	465	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
[2209]	466	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4216]	467	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
[4127]	468
	469
	470	USE control_parameters
	471
	472	USE indices
	473
	474	USE kinds
	475
	476	IMPLICIT NONE
	477
	478	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
	479	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	480
	481	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	482	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	483	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	484
	485
	486	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
	487
	488	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	489
	490	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	491	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	492	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	493	ENDIF
	494	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	495
	496
	497	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	498	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	499	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	500	ENDIF
	501	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	502
	503
	504	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	505	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	506	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	507	ENDIF
	508	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	509
	510	CASE DEFAULT
	511	CONTINUE
	512
	513	END SELECT
	514
	515	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
	516
	517	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	518
	519	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	520	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	521	DO i = nxl, nxr
	522	DO j = nys, nyn
	523	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	524	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	525	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
	526	ENDDO
	527	ENDIF
	528	ENDDO
	529	ENDDO
	530	ENDIF
	531
	532
	533	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	534	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	535	DO i = nxl, nxr
	536	DO j = nys, nyn
	537	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	538	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	539	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
	540	ENDDO
	541	ENDIF
	542	ENDDO
	543	ENDDO
	544	ENDIF
	545
	546
	547	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	548	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	549	DO i = nxl, nxr
	550	DO j = nys, nyn
	551	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	552	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	553	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
	554	ENDDO
	555	ENDIF
	556	ENDDO
	557	ENDDO
	558	ENDIF
	559
	560	CASE DEFAULT
	561	CONTINUE
	562
	563	END SELECT
	564
	565	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
	566
	567	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	568
	569	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	570	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	571	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	572	DO j = nysg, nyng
	573	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	574	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	575	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
	576	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	577	ENDDO
	578	ENDIF
	579	ENDDO
	580	ENDDO
	581	ENDIF
	582
	583
	584	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	585	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	586	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	587	DO j = nysg, nyng
	588	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	589	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	590	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
	591	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	592	ENDDO
	593	ENDIF
	594	ENDDO
	595	ENDDO
	596	ENDIF
	597
	598
	599	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	600	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	601	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	602	DO j = nysg, nyng
	603	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	604	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	605	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
	606	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	607	ENDDO
	608	ENDIF
	609	ENDDO
	610	ENDDO
	611	ENDIF
	612
	613	END SELECT
	614
	615	ENDIF
	616
[4216]	617	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
[4127]	618
	619	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	620	!
	621	! Description:
	622	! ------------
	623	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
	624	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
	625	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
	626	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
	627	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	628	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	629	nzb_do, nzt_do )
	630
[2209]	631	USE indices
	632
	633	USE kinds
	634
	635
	636	IMPLICIT NONE
	637
[4216]	638	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< treated variable
[2209]	639
[4216]	640	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< flag indicating instantaneous or averaged data output
	641	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x-direction
	642	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y-direction
	643	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z-direction
[3014]	644	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	645	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	646
[4216]	647	LOGICAL :: found !< flag indicating if variable is found
[2209]	648
[4216]	649	REAL(wp) :: fill_value !< fill value
	650	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !< data output array
[2209]	651
	652
	653	found = .TRUE.
	654
[2696]	655	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	656
	657	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
[4216]	658	!
	659	!-- Note, to save memory arrays for heating are allocated from 0:pch_index.
	660	!-- Thus, output must be relative to these array indices. Further, check
	661	!-- whether the output is within the vertical output range,
[4220]	662	!-- i.e. nzb_do:nzt_do, which is necessary as local_pf is only allocated
	663	!-- for this index space. Note, plant-canopy output has a separate
	664	!-- vertical output coordinate zlad, so that output is mapped down to the
	665	!-- surface.
[4127]	666	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	667	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	668	DO i = nxl, nxr
	669	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	670	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	671	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	672	ENDDO
[4127]	673	ENDDO
	674	ENDDO
	675	ELSE
	676	DO i = nxl, nxr
	677	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	678	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	679	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	680	ENDDO
	681	ENDDO
	682	ENDDO
	683	ENDIF
[3449]	684
	685	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
[4127]	686	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	687	DO i = nxl, nxr
	688	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	689	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	690	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	691	ENDDO
[4127]	692	ENDDO
	693	ENDDO
	694	ELSE
	695	DO i = nxl, nxr
	696	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	697	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	698	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	699	ENDDO
	700	ENDDO
	701	ENDDO
	702	ENDIF
[3449]	703
[4127]	704	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	705	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	706	DO i = nxl, nxr
	707	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	708	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	709	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	710	ENDDO
[4127]	711	ENDDO
	712	ENDDO
	713	ELSE
	714	DO i = nxl, nxr
	715	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	716	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	717	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	718	ENDDO
	719	ENDDO
	720	ENDDO
	721	ENDIF
	722
[3449]	723	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
[4127]	724	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	725	DO i = nxl, nxr
	726	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	727	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	728	IF ( pc_latent_rate(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	729	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) / &
	730	pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	731	ENDIF
	732	ENDDO
[4127]	733	ENDDO
	734	ENDDO
[4216]	735	ELSE
	736	DO i = nxl, nxr
	737	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	738	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	739	IF ( pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	740	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) / &
	741	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
[4216]	742	ENDIF
	743	ENDDO
	744	ENDDO
	745	ENDDO
[4127]	746	ENDIF
[3449]	747
[4127]	748	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	749	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	750	DO i = nxl, nxr
	751	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	752	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	753	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
[4216]	754	ENDDO
[4127]	755	ENDDO
	756	ENDDO
	757	ENDIF
	758
[2209]	759	CASE DEFAULT
	760	found = .FALSE.
	761
	762	END SELECT
	763
	764
	765	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	766
	767	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	768	!
	769	! Description:
	770	! ------------
	771	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	772	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	773	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	774	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	775
	776	IMPLICIT NONE
	777
	778	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	779	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	780	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	781	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	782	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	783
	784	found = .TRUE.
	785
	786	!
	787	!-- Check for the grid
	788	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	789
[3449]	790	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate', 'pcm_bowenratio')
[2209]	791	grid_x = 'x'
	792	grid_y = 'y'
[4127]	793	grid_z = 'zpc'
[2209]	794
	795	CASE DEFAULT
	796	found = .FALSE.
	797	grid_x = 'none'
	798	grid_y = 'none'
	799	grid_z = 'none'
	800	END SELECT
	801
	802	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	803
	804
	805	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	806	! Description:
	807	! ------------
[1826]	808	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	809	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	810	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	811
	812	USE control_parameters, &
[3065]	813	ONLY: passive_scalar
[1826]	814
	815
	816	IMPLICIT NONE
	817
	818	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	819
	820	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	821	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	822	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	823	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	824
	825	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	826	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	827	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	828
	829	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	830
[3065]	831	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1826]	832
	833	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	834	canopy_drag_coeff
	835	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	836	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	837	leaf_surface_conc
	838	ENDIF
	839
	840	!
	841	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	842	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	843
	844	!
	845	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	846	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	847	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	848
	849	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	850	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	851	gradients = '------'
	852	slices = ' 0'
	853	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	854	i = 1
	855	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	856	/= -9999 )
	857
	858	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	859	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	860	TRIM( coor_chr )
	861
	862	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	863	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	864
	865	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	866	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	867
	868	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	869	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	870
	871	i = i + 1
	872	ENDDO
	873
	874	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	875	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	876
	877	ELSE
	878
	879	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	880	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	881
	882	DO k = 1, pch_index
	883
	884	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	885	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	886	TRIM( coor_chr )
	887
	888	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	889	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	890
	891	ENDDO
	892
	893	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	894	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	895
	896	ENDIF
	897
	898	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	899	' ------------------------------'// &
	900	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	901	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	902	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	903	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	904	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	905	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	906	' K m/s')
	907	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	908	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	909	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	910	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	911	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	912	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	913	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	914	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	915	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	916	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	917	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	918
	919	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	920
	921
	922	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	923	! Description:
	924	! ------------
[1682]	925	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	926	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	927	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	928
	929
	930	USE control_parameters, &
[3614]	931	ONLY: message_string, ocean_mode
[1484]	932
[2696]	933	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	934	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	935
[2232]	936	USE surface_mod, &
	937	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	938
	939	IMPLICIT NONE
	940
[2007]	941	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	942	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	943	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	944	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	945
[4258]	946	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[2007]	947	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
[4258]	948	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	949	REAL(wp) :: lad_max !< maximum LAD value in the model domain, used to perform a check
[3241]	950
[3885]	951	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
[1484]	952	!
	953	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	954	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	955	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	956	lad = 0.0_wp
	957	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	958
	959	!
[1826]	960	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	961	!-- a beta probability density function
	962	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	963	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	964	ENDIF
	965
	966
	967	!
[1484]	968	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	969	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	970	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	971	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	972	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	973	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	974
	975	!
	976	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	977	i = 1
	978	gradient = 0.0_wp
	979
[3294]	980	IF ( .NOT. ocean_mode ) THEN
[1484]	981
	982	lad(0) = lad_surface
	983	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	984
	985	DO k = 1, pch_index
	986	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	987	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	988	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	989	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	990	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	991	i = i + 1
	992	ENDIF
	993	ENDIF
	994	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	995	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	996	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	997	ELSE
	998	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	999	ENDIF
	1000	ELSE
	1001	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	1002	ENDIF
	1003	ENDDO
	1004
	1005	ENDIF
	1006
	1007	!
	1008	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	1009	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	1010	!-- file.
	1011	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1012	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	1013	ENDIF
	1014
	1015	ELSE
	1016
	1017	!
	1018	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	1019	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
[3065]	1020	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1484]	1021
[2232]	1022	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	1023	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	1024	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1025	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1026	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1027	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	1028	ENDDO
	1029
	1030	!
	1031	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	1032	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	1033	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	1034	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1035	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1036	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	1037	) / canopy_height
[1484]	1038	ENDDO
	1039
	1040	!
	1041	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	1042	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	1043	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	1044	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	1045	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	1046	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	1047	ENDDO
	1048
	1049	ENDIF
	1050
	1051	!
[2213]	1052	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	1053	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1054
	1055	!
	1056	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1057	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1058	!-- with the prescribed values
	1059	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	1060	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	1061	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	1062
	1063	!
	1064	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	1065	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	1066	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	1067	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	1068
	1069	CASE( 'block' )
	1070
	1071	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1072	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1073	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	1074	ENDDO
	1075	ENDDO
	1076
[2007]	1077	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	1078	!
[2696]	1079	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	1080	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	1081	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	1082	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	1083	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1084	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	1085	!
	1086	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	1087	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	1088	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	1089
	1090	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1091	DO j = nys, nyn
	1092	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
[3864]	1093	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	1094	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
[2696]	1095	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	1096	ENDDO
	1097	ENDDO
	1098	ENDDO
[4187]	1099
[2696]	1100	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	1101	!
	1102	! ASCII file
[2007]	1103	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1104	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1105	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	1106	!-- each location).
[2696]	1107	ELSE
	1108	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1109	ENDIF
[2007]	1110
[1484]	1111	CASE DEFAULT
	1112	!
[2007]	1113	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	1114	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	1115	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	1116	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	1117	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	1118	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	1119
	1120	END SELECT
[2696]	1121	!
[4258]	1122	!-- Check that at least one grid point has an LAD /= 0, else this may
	1123	!-- cause errors in the radiation model.
	1124	lad_max = MAXVAL( lad_s )
	1125	#if defined( __parallel )
	1126	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_max, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, &
	1127	comm2d, ierr)
	1128	#endif
	1129	IF ( lad_max <= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1130	message_string = 'Plant-canopy model is switched-on but no ' // &
	1131	'plant canopy is present in the model domain.'
	1132	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0685', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1133	ENDIF
	1134
	1135	!
[2696]	1136	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	1137	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1138	pch_index_ji = 0
[4187]	1139
[2696]	1140	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1141	DO j = nys, nyn
	1142	DO k = 0, pch_index
	1143	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	1144	ENDDO
[1484]	1145	!
[2696]	1146	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	1147	!-- height of the model domain.
[4168]	1148	k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2696]	1149	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	1150	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	1151	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
[4187]	1152	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	1153	ENDIF
	1154
	1155	ENDDO
	1156	ENDDO
	1157
	1158	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
[3497]	1159	!
[3449]	1160	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
[3497]	1161	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
[4187]	1162
	1163
[3497]	1164	!
[3449]	1165	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
	1166	#if defined( __parallel )
[3497]	1167	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1168	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
[3449]	1169	#endif
	1170
	1171	!-- Allocation of arrays pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate and pc_latent_rate
	1172	ALLOCATE( pc_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[4221]	1173	pc_heating_rate = 0.0_wp
	1174
[3449]	1175	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1176	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1177	pc_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
	1178	ALLOCATE( pc_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1179	pc_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
	1180	ENDIF
[2696]	1181	!
[2011]	1182	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	1183	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	1184	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	1185	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	1186	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	1187	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	1188	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	1189	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	1190	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	1191	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	1192	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
[3449]	1193	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	1194	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate)
	1195	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
	1196	!-- We cannot use variable radiation_interactions here to determine the situation
	1197	!-- as it is assigned in init_3d_model after the call of pcm_init.
	1198	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2213]	1199
[3449]	1200	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	1201	!
[2011]	1202	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	1203	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	1204	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1205	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1206	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1207	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	1208	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	1209	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1210	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	1211	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1212	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1213	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1214	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1215	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1216	ELSE
	1217	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1218	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	1219	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	1220	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1221	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1222	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1223	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1224	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1225	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1226	ENDIF
	1227	ENDDO
	1228	ENDDO
	1229	ENDDO
	1230
[2232]	1231	!
	1232	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	1233	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	1234	!-- Start with default surface type
	1235	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
	1236	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	1237	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1238	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1239	ENDDO
[1484]	1240	!
[2232]	1241	!-- Natural surfaces
	1242	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
	1243	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	1244	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1245	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1246	ENDDO
	1247	!
	1248	!-- Urban surfaces
	1249	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
	1250	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	1251	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1252	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1253	ENDDO
	1254	!
	1255	!
[2011]	1256	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	1257	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	1258	!-- canopy.
	1259	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	1260	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	1261	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	1262	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	1263	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1264	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1265	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1266	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3022]	1267	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	1268	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
[2232]	1269	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	1270	ENDIF
	1271	ENDDO
[1721]	1272	ENDDO
	1273	ENDDO
[1484]	1274
	1275	ENDIF
	1276
[3885]	1277	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
[1484]	1278
[3685]	1279
[1826]	1280	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	1281
	1282
[2007]	1283	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1284	! Description:
	1285	! ------------
[2932]	1286	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	1287	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1288	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	1289
[2746]	1290	USE control_parameters, &
[2932]	1291	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
[2007]	1292
	1293	IMPLICIT NONE
	1294
	1295	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1296
[2932]	1297	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	1298	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1299	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1300	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	1301	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1302	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1303	lai_beta, &
	1304	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1305	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1306	plant_canopy_transpiration
[2932]	1307
[2007]	1308	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1309	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1310	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1311	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1312	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1313	lai_beta, &
	1314	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1315	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1316	plant_canopy_transpiration
[3246]	1317
[2007]	1318	line = ' '
[3246]	1319
[2007]	1320	!
[4258]	1321	!-- Try to find plant-canopy model package
[2007]	1322	REWIND ( 11 )
	1323	line = ' '
[3248]	1324	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1325	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[2007]	1326	ENDDO
	1327	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1328
	1329	!
	1330	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1331	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
[2932]	1332
	1333	!
[4258]	1334	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2932]	1335	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
[3246]	1336
	1337	GOTO 14
	1338
	1339	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1340	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1341	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
[2932]	1342	!
	1343	!-- Try to find old namelist
[3246]	1344	12 REWIND ( 11 )
[2932]	1345	line = ' '
[3248]	1346	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1347	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
[2932]	1348	ENDDO
	1349	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1350
	1351	!
	1352	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1353	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
[2007]	1354
[2932]	1355	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
[3046]	1356	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	1357	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1358	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[3246]	1359
[2007]	1360	!
[4258]	1361	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
[2007]	1362	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1363
[3246]	1364	GOTO 14
[2007]	1365
[3246]	1366	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1367	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1368	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
[3246]	1369
	1370	14 CONTINUE
	1371
	1372
[2007]	1373	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1374
	1375
	1376
[1484]	1377	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1378	! Description:
	1379	! ------------
[2007]	1380	!
	1381	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1382	!>
	1383	!> num_levels
[2977]	1384	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1385	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1386	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1387	!> ...
	1388	!>
	1389	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1390	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1391	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1392	!>
	1393	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1394	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1395	!>
	1396	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1397	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1398	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1399	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1400
	1401	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	1402	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2007]	1403
[2213]	1404	USE indices, &
	1405	ONLY: nbgp
	1406
	1407	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1408
[2213]	1409	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1410	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1411	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1412	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
[3337]	1413	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1414	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1415	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
[2213]	1416
	1417	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1418
[2213]	1419	!
	1420	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1421	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1422
	1423	!
	1424	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1425	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1426	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1427	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1428	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[3337]	1429	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
	1430	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
[2977]	1431	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1432
[2213]	1433	DO
[2977]	1434	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1435	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1436
	1437	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1438	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1439	!
[2977]	1440	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1441	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1442	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1443	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1444	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1445	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1446	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1447	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1448	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1449	ENDIF
[4168]	1450	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3337]	1451	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
[2977]	1452	CASE DEFAULT
	1453	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1454	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1455	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1456	END SELECT
[2213]	1457	ENDDO
[2007]	1458
[2213]	1459	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1460	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1461
[2213]	1462	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1463	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1464
	1465	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1466	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1467
	1468	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1469
	1470	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1471
	1472
	1473
	1474	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1475	! Description:
	1476	! ------------
[1682]	1477	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1478	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1479	!>
	1480	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1481	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1482	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1483	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1484	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1485	!>
	1486	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1487	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1488	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1489	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1490	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1491	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1492	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1493	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1494	!>
	1495	!>
	1496	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1497	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1498	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1499
	1500
[1320]	1501	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1502	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1503
	1504	USE kinds
	1505
[138]	1506	IMPLICIT NONE
	1507
[1682]	1508	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1509	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1510	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1511	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1512	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1513	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1514
[1682]	1515	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1516	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1517	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1518	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1519	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1520	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1521
	1522
	1523	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1524
	1525	!
[1484]	1526	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1527	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1528
	1529	!
	1530	!-- u-component
	1531	CASE ( 1 )
	1532	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1533	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1534	!
	1535	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	1536	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	1537	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1538
[2232]	1539	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1540	!
	1541	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1542	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1543	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1544	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1545	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1546	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1547	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1548	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1549	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1550	THEN
	1551	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1552	ENDIF
	1553
	1554	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1555	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1556	!
	1557	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1558	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1559	lad_local * &
	1560	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1561	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1562	v(k,j,i) + &
	1563	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1564	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1565	)**2 + &
	1566	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1567	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1568	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1569	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1570	)**2 &
	1571	) * &
	1572	u(k,j,i)
	1573
	1574	!
	1575	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1576	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1577	!
	1578	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1579	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1580	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1581	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1582	ELSE
	1583	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1584	ENDIF
	1585	!
	1586	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1587	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1588
[138]	1589	ENDDO
	1590	ENDDO
	1591	ENDDO
	1592
	1593	!
	1594	!-- v-component
	1595	CASE ( 2 )
	1596	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1597	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1598	!
	1599	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	1600	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2317]	1601
[2696]	1602	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1603
[2232]	1604	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1605	!
	1606	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1607	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1608	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1609	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1610	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1611	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1612	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1613	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1614	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1615	THEN
	1616	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1617	ENDIF
	1618
	1619	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1620	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1621	!
	1622	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1623	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1624	lad_local * &
	1625	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1626	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1627	u(k,j,i) + &
	1628	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1629	)**2 + &
	1630	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1631	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1632	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1633	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1634	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1635	)**2 &
	1636	) * &
	1637	v(k,j,i)
	1638
	1639	!
	1640	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1641	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1642	!
	1643	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1644	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1645	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1646	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1647	ELSE
	1648	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1649	ENDIF
	1650	!
	1651	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1652	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1653
[138]	1654	ENDDO
	1655	ENDDO
	1656	ENDDO
	1657
	1658	!
	1659	!-- w-component
	1660	CASE ( 3 )
	1661	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1662	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1663	!
	1664	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	1665	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	1666
[2696]	1667	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1668
[2232]	1669	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1670
[1484]	1671	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1672	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1673	!
	1674	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1675	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1676	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1677	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1678	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1679	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1680	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1681	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1682	)**2 + &
	1683	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1684	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1685	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1686	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1687	)**2 + &
	1688	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1689	) * &
	1690	w(k,j,i)
	1691	!
	1692	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1693	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1694	!
	1695	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1696	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1697	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1698	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1699	ELSE
	1700	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1701	ENDIF
	1702	!
	1703	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1704	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1705
[138]	1706	ENDDO
	1707	ENDDO
	1708	ENDDO
	1709
	1710	!
[153]	1711	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1712	CASE ( 4 )
[3449]	1713	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1714	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1715	DO j = nys, nyn
	1716	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1717	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1718	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1719	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1720	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
	1721	ENDDO
[153]	1722	ENDDO
	1723	ENDDO
[3449]	1724	ELSE
	1725	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1726	DO j = nys, nyn
	1727	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1728	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1729	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1730	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1731	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	1732	ENDDO
	1733	ENDDO
	1734	ENDDO
	1735	ENDIF
[153]	1736
	1737	!
[1960]	1738	!-- humidity
[153]	1739	CASE ( 5 )
	1740	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1741	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1742	!
	1743	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1744	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1745
[2696]	1746	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1747
	1748	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3014]	1749
[3449]	1750	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	1751	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	1752	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	1753	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	1754	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	1755	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1756	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1757	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1758	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1759	)**2 + &
	1760	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1761	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1762	)**2 + &
	1763	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1764	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1765	)**2 &
	1766	) * &
[3449]	1767	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1768	ENDIF
	1769
[3014]	1770	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1771	ENDDO
	1772	ENDDO
	1773	ENDDO
	1774
	1775	!
	1776	!-- sgs-tke
	1777	CASE ( 6 )
	1778	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1779	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1780	!
	1781	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1782	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1783
[2696]	1784	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1785
	1786	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1787	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1788	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1789	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1790	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1791	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1792	)**2 + &
	1793	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1794	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1795	)**2 + &
	1796	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1797	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1798	)**2 &
	1799	) * &
	1800	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1801	ENDDO
	1802	ENDDO
	1803	ENDDO
[1960]	1804	!
	1805	!-- scalar concentration
	1806	CASE ( 7 )
	1807	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1808	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1809	!
	1810	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1811	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1812
[2696]	1813	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1814
	1815	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1816	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1817	lsec * &
	1818	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1819	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1820	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1821	)**2 + &
	1822	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1823	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1824	)**2 + &
	1825	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1826	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1827	)**2 &
	1828	) * &
	1829	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1830	ENDDO
	1831	ENDDO
	1832	ENDDO
[1484]	1833
	1834
[1960]	1835
[138]	1836	CASE DEFAULT
	1837
[257]	1838	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1839	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1840
	1841	END SELECT
	1842
[1826]	1843	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1844
	1845
	1846	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1847	! Description:
	1848	! ------------
[1682]	1849	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1850	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1851	!>
	1852	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1853	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1854	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1855	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1856	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1857	!>
	1858	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1859	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1860	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1861	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1862	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1863	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1864	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1865	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1866	!>
	1867	!>
	1868	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1869	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1870	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1871
	1872
[1320]	1873	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1874	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1875
	1876	USE kinds
	1877
[138]	1878	IMPLICIT NONE
	1879
[1682]	1880	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1881	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1882	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1883	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1884	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1885	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1886
[1682]	1887	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1888	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1889	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1890	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1891	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1892	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1893
	1894
	1895	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1896	!
[1484]	1897	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1898	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1899
	1900	!
[142]	1901	!-- u-component
[1484]	1902	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1903	!
	1904	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	1905	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	1906	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1907
[2696]	1908	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1909
	1910	!
[1484]	1911	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1912	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1913	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1914	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1915	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1916	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1917	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1918	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1919	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1920	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1921	ENDIF
	1922
	1923	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1924	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1925	!
	1926	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1927	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1928	lad_local * &
	1929	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1930	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1931	v(k,j,i) + &
	1932	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1933	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1934	)**2 + &
	1935	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1936	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1937	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1938	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1939	)**2 &
	1940	) * &
	1941	u(k,j,i)
	1942
	1943	!
	1944	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1945	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1946	!
	1947	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1948	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1949	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1950	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1951	ELSE
	1952	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1953	ENDIF
	1954	!
	1955	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1956	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1957	ENDDO
	1958
	1959
	1960	!
[142]	1961	!-- v-component
[1484]	1962	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	1963	!
	1964	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	1965	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2317]	1966
[2696]	1967	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	1968
[2232]	1969	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1970	!
[1484]	1971	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1972	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1973	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1974	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1975	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1976	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1977	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1978	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1979	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1980	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1981	ENDIF
	1982
	1983	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1984	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1985	!
	1986	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1987	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1988	lad_local * &
	1989	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1990	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1991	u(k,j,i) + &
	1992	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1993	)**2 + &
	1994	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1995	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1996	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1997	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1998	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1999	)**2 &
	2000	) * &
	2001	v(k,j,i)
	2002
	2003	!
	2004	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2005	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2006	!
	2007	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2008	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2009	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	2010	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2011	ELSE
	2012	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2013	ENDIF
	2014	!
	2015	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2016	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2017	ENDDO
	2018
	2019
	2020	!
[142]	2021	!-- w-component
[1484]	2022	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	2023	!
	2024	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	2025	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	2026
[2696]	2027	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	2028
[2232]	2029	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	2030
[1484]	2031	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2032	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	2033	!
[1484]	2034	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	2035	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	2036	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	2037	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	2038	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2039	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	2040	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	2041	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	2042	)**2 + &
	2043	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2044	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2045	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	2046	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	2047	)**2 + &
	2048	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	2049	) * &
	2050	w(k,j,i)
	2051	!
	2052	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2053	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2054	!
	2055	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2056	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2057	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	2058	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2059	ELSE
	2060	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2061	ENDIF
	2062	!
	2063	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2064	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2065	ENDDO
	2066
	2067	!
[153]	2068	!-- potential temperature
	2069	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	2070	!
	2071	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2072	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2073
[3449]	2074	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2075	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2076	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3582]	2077	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
	2078	pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2079	ENDDO
	2080	ELSE
	2081	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2082	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2083	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	2084	ENDDO
	2085	ENDIF
[153]	2086
	2087	!
[1960]	2088	!-- humidity
[153]	2089	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	2090	!
	2091	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2092	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2093
[2696]	2094	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[3014]	2095	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3449]	2096	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	2097	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	2098	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	2099	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	2100	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	2101	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	2102	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2103	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2104	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2105	)**2 + &
	2106	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2107	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2108	)**2 + &
	2109	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2110	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2111	)**2 &
	2112	) * &
[3449]	2113	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2114	ENDIF
[2232]	2115
[3014]	2116	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
	2117
[153]	2118	ENDDO
	2119
	2120	!
[142]	2121	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	2122	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	2123	!
	2124	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2125	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2126
[2696]	2127	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2128
	2129	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	2130	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2131	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	2132	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	2133	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2134	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2135	)**2 + &
	2136	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2137	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2138	)**2 + &
	2139	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2140	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2141	)**2 &
	2142	) * &
	2143	e(k,j,i)
	2144	ENDDO
[1960]	2145
	2146	!
	2147	!-- scalar concentration
	2148	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	2149	!
	2150	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2151	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2152
[2696]	2153	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2154
	2155	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	2156	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2157	lsec * &
	2158	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2159	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2160	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2161	)**2 + &
	2162	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2163	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2164	)**2 + &
	2165	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2166	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2167	)**2 &
	2168	) * &
	2169	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2170	ENDDO
[138]	2171
[142]	2172	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	2173
[257]	2174	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	2175	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2176
[142]	2177	END SELECT
[138]	2178
[1826]	2179	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	2180
[2007]	2181
	2182
[138]	2183	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.

Download in other formats:

| Impressum | ©Leibniz Universität Hannover |