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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4237

Last change on this file since 4237 was 4226, checked in by suehring, 5 years ago
Offline nesting: data input modularized; time variable is defined relative to time_utc_init, so that input data is correctly mapped to actual model time; checks rephrased and new checks for the time dimension added; Netcdf input: routine to retrieve dimension length renamed
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 89.8 KB

Rev	Line
[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3655]	17	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[3885]	18	! Copyright 2017-2019 Institute of Computer Science of the
	19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
[2000]	20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	21	!
[257]	22	! Current revisions:
[2977]	23	! ------------------
[2214]	24	!
[4226]	25	!
[2214]	26	! Former revisions:
	27	! -----------------
	28	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z knoop $
[4226]	29	! Bugfix, missing initialization of heating rate
	30	!
	31	! 4221 2019-09-09 08:50:35Z suehring
[4220]	32	! Further bugfix in 3d data output for plant canopy
	33	!
	34	! 4216 2019-09-04 09:09:03Z suehring
[4216]	35	! Bugfixes in 3d data output
	36	!
	37	! 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring
[4205]	38	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
	39	!
	40	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
[4188]	41	! Minor adjustment in error number
	42	!
	43	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
[4187]	44	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
	45	!
	46	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	47	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	48	!
	49	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
[4168]	50	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
	51	!
	52	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
[4127]	53	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
	54	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
	55	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
	56	! (merge from branch resler)
	57	!
	58	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	59	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	60	! of additional debug messages
	61	!
	62	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
[3761]	63	! unsed variables removed
	64	!
	65	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
[3745]	66	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
	67	! becomes > 40 degrees
	68	!
	69	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
[3685]	70	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	71	!
	72	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3614]	73	! unused variables removed
[3498]	74	!
[4182]	75	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	76	! Initial revision
	77	!
[138]	78	! Description:
	79	! ------------
[1682]	80	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	81	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	82	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	83	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[3744]	84	!
	85	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
[4216]	86	! @todo - unify variable names (pcm_, pc_, ...)
[138]	87	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	88	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	89
[1484]	90	USE arrays_3d, &
[3449]	91	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	92
[3449]	93	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	94	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
	95
[3885]	96	USE control_parameters, &
	97	ONLY: debug_output, humidity
[3449]	98
[1484]	99	USE indices, &
	100	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[4168]	101	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind
[1484]	102
	103	USE kinds
	104
[3449]	105	USE pegrid
	106
[1484]	107
	108	IMPLICIT NONE
	109
	110
[3449]	111	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
	112	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
	113	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
	114	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
[1484]	115
[3449]	116	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	117	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	118
[3449]	119	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
[2696]	120
[3449]	121	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	122
[2696]	123	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	124	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	125	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	126	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	127	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	128	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	129	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	130	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	131	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	132	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	133	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2768]	134	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2696]	135	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	136
[2696]	137	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	138	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	139
[2977]	140	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	141	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	142
[1682]	143	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	144	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	145
[4127]	146	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	147	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
	148	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
	149	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
	150	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
[1484]	151
[4127]	152	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
	153	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
	154	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
	155
[1484]	156	SAVE
	157
	158
[138]	159	PRIVATE
[1826]	160
	161	!
	162	!-- Public functions
[3449]	163	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, pcm_check_data_output, &
[4127]	164	pcm_check_parameters, pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
	165	pcm_data_output_3d, pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
[3449]	166	pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	167
[1826]	168	!
	169	!-- Public variables and constants
[3467]	170	PUBLIC cdc, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate, &
	171	canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, pch_index, &
	172	plant_canopy_transpiration
[1484]	173
[3449]	174	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	175	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	176	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	177
[2209]	178	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	179	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	180	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	181
[1826]	182	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	183	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	184	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	185
[4127]	186	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	187	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	188	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	189
[2209]	190	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	191	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	192	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	193
	194	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	195	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	196	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	197
	198	INTERFACE pcm_header
	199	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	200	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	201
	202	INTERFACE pcm_init
	203	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	204	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	205
[1826]	206	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	207	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	208	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	209
	210	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	211	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	212	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	213
	214	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	215	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	216	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	217	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	218
	219
[138]	220	CONTAINS
	221
[2209]	222
[3449]	223
[2209]	224	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	225	! Description:
	226	! ------------
[3449]	227	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
	228	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
	229	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
	230	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
	231	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
	232	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
	233	!> Tree Physiology 20).
	234	!>
	235	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
	236	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
	237	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
	238	!>
	239	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	240	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
	241
	242	USE control_parameters, &
	243	ONLY: dz
	244
	245	USE grid_variables, &
	246	ONLY: dx, dy
	247
	248	IMPLICIT NONE
	249	!-- input parameters
[4205]	250	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
	251	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
	252	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
	253	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
	254	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
[3449]	255
	256	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
[4205]	257	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
	258	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
	259	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
	260	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
	261	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
	262	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	263	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	264	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	265	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
	266	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
[3449]	267
	268
	269	!-- Temperature (deg C)
	270	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
	271	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
[4205]	272	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
[3449]	273	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
	274	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
	275	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
	276	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
	277	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
	278	!-- Wind speed
[3744]	279	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
[4205]	280	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
	281	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
[3449]	282	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
	283	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
	284	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
	285	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
	286	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
	287	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
[4205]	288	f1 = rad * (1000.0_wp+42.1_wp) / 1000.0_wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
[3449]	289	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
	290	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
[3744]	291	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
[3449]	292	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
	293	!-- Water pressure deficit
	294	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
	295	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
	296	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
	297	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
	298	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
	299	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
	300	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
[4205]	301	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
[3449]	302	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
	303	!-- Residual soil water content
	304	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
	305	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
	306	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
	307	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
[4205]	308	f4 = MAX(0.0_wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
[3449]	309	!-- Stomatal conductivity
	310	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
	311	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
[4205]	312	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
[3449]	313	!-- Decoupling factor
	314	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
[4205]	315	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
	316	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
[3449]	317	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
	318	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
	319	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
	320	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
	321	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
	322	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
	323	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
	324	!-- Evaporation rate
	325	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
	326	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
	327	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
	328	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
	329	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
	330	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
	331	!-- latent heat from evaporation
	332	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
	333
	334	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	335
	336
	337	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	338	! Description:
	339	! ------------
[2209]	340	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	341	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	342	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[1826]	343
[2209]	344
	345	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	346	ONLY: message_string, urban_surface
[2209]	347
	348	IMPLICIT NONE
	349
	350	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	351	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	352
	353
	354	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	355
	356	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	357	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	358	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	359	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	360	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	361	ENDIF
[2209]	362	unit = 'K s-1'
	363
[3014]	364	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	365	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	366
[3449]	367	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	368	unit = 'K s-1'
	369
	370	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
	371	unit = 'K s-1'
	372
[2209]	373	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	374	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	375
	376
	377	CASE DEFAULT
	378	unit = 'illegal'
	379
	380	END SELECT
	381
	382
	383	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	384
	385
[1826]	386	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	387	! Description:
	388	! ------------
	389	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	390	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	391	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	392
[1826]	393	USE control_parameters, &
[3274]	394	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2696]	395
[3274]	396	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	397	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
	398
[2696]	399	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	400	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
[1826]	401
	402
	403	IMPLICIT NONE
	404
	405
	406	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	407	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
[3046]	408	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	409	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	410	ENDIF
	411
[3045]	412	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
[1826]	413	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	414	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	415	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	416	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	417	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	418	ENDIF
	419
	420	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	421	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	422	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	423	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	424	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	425	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	426	ENDIF
	427
	428	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	429	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	430	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	431	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	432	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	433	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	434	'density profile'
[2768]	435	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	436	ENDIF
	437
[3274]	438	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
[1826]	439	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	440	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	441	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	442	ENDIF
[2696]	443	!
	444	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
	445	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
	446	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
	447	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
	448	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	449	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
	450	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
[4188]	451	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0672', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	452	ENDIF
[1826]	453
	454
	455	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	456
	457
[138]	458	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	459	!
[1484]	460	! Description:
	461	! ------------
[4127]	462	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
[2209]	463	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4216]	464	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
[4127]	465
	466
	467	USE control_parameters
	468
	469	USE indices
	470
	471	USE kinds
	472
	473	IMPLICIT NONE
	474
	475	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
	476	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	477
	478	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	479	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	480	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	481
	482
	483	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
	484
	485	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	486
	487	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	488	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	489	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	490	ENDIF
	491	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	492
	493
	494	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	495	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	496	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	497	ENDIF
	498	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	499
	500
	501	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	502	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	503	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	504	ENDIF
	505	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	506
	507	CASE DEFAULT
	508	CONTINUE
	509
	510	END SELECT
	511
	512	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
	513
	514	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	515
	516	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	517	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	518	DO i = nxl, nxr
	519	DO j = nys, nyn
	520	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	521	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	522	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
	523	ENDDO
	524	ENDIF
	525	ENDDO
	526	ENDDO
	527	ENDIF
	528
	529
	530	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	531	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	532	DO i = nxl, nxr
	533	DO j = nys, nyn
	534	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	535	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	536	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
	537	ENDDO
	538	ENDIF
	539	ENDDO
	540	ENDDO
	541	ENDIF
	542
	543
	544	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	545	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	546	DO i = nxl, nxr
	547	DO j = nys, nyn
	548	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	549	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	550	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
	551	ENDDO
	552	ENDIF
	553	ENDDO
	554	ENDDO
	555	ENDIF
	556
	557	CASE DEFAULT
	558	CONTINUE
	559
	560	END SELECT
	561
	562	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
	563
	564	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	565
	566	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	567	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	568	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	569	DO j = nysg, nyng
	570	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	571	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	572	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
	573	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	574	ENDDO
	575	ENDIF
	576	ENDDO
	577	ENDDO
	578	ENDIF
	579
	580
	581	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	582	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	583	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	584	DO j = nysg, nyng
	585	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	586	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	587	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
	588	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	589	ENDDO
	590	ENDIF
	591	ENDDO
	592	ENDDO
	593	ENDIF
	594
	595
	596	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	597	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	598	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	599	DO j = nysg, nyng
	600	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	601	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	602	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
	603	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	604	ENDDO
	605	ENDIF
	606	ENDDO
	607	ENDDO
	608	ENDIF
	609
	610	END SELECT
	611
	612	ENDIF
	613
[4216]	614	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
[4127]	615
	616	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	617	!
	618	! Description:
	619	! ------------
	620	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
	621	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
	622	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
	623	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
	624	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	625	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	626	nzb_do, nzt_do )
	627
[2209]	628	USE indices
	629
	630	USE kinds
	631
	632
	633	IMPLICIT NONE
	634
[4216]	635	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< treated variable
[2209]	636
[4216]	637	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< flag indicating instantaneous or averaged data output
	638	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x-direction
	639	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y-direction
	640	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z-direction
[3014]	641	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	642	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	643
[4216]	644	LOGICAL :: found !< flag indicating if variable is found
[2209]	645
[4216]	646	REAL(wp) :: fill_value !< fill value
	647	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !< data output array
[2209]	648
	649
	650	found = .TRUE.
	651
[2696]	652	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	653
	654	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
[4216]	655	!
	656	!-- Note, to save memory arrays for heating are allocated from 0:pch_index.
	657	!-- Thus, output must be relative to these array indices. Further, check
	658	!-- whether the output is within the vertical output range,
[4220]	659	!-- i.e. nzb_do:nzt_do, which is necessary as local_pf is only allocated
	660	!-- for this index space. Note, plant-canopy output has a separate
	661	!-- vertical output coordinate zlad, so that output is mapped down to the
	662	!-- surface.
[4127]	663	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	664	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	665	DO i = nxl, nxr
	666	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	667	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	668	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	669	ENDDO
[4127]	670	ENDDO
	671	ENDDO
	672	ELSE
	673	DO i = nxl, nxr
	674	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	675	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	676	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	677	ENDDO
	678	ENDDO
	679	ENDDO
	680	ENDIF
[3449]	681
	682	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
[4127]	683	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	684	DO i = nxl, nxr
	685	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	686	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	687	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	688	ENDDO
[4127]	689	ENDDO
	690	ENDDO
	691	ELSE
	692	DO i = nxl, nxr
	693	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	694	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	695	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	696	ENDDO
	697	ENDDO
	698	ENDDO
	699	ENDIF
[3449]	700
[4127]	701	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	702	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	703	DO i = nxl, nxr
	704	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	705	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	706	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	707	ENDDO
[4127]	708	ENDDO
	709	ENDDO
	710	ELSE
	711	DO i = nxl, nxr
	712	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	713	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	714	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
[4127]	715	ENDDO
	716	ENDDO
	717	ENDDO
	718	ENDIF
	719
[3449]	720	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
[4127]	721	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	722	DO i = nxl, nxr
	723	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	724	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	725	IF ( pc_latent_rate(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	726	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) / &
	727	pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
[4216]	728	ENDIF
	729	ENDDO
[4127]	730	ENDDO
	731	ENDDO
[4216]	732	ELSE
	733	DO i = nxl, nxr
	734	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	735	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	736	IF ( pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	737	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) / &
	738	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
[4216]	739	ENDIF
	740	ENDDO
	741	ENDDO
	742	ENDDO
[4127]	743	ENDIF
[3449]	744
[4127]	745	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	746	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	747	DO i = nxl, nxr
	748	DO j = nys, nyn
[4220]	749	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
	750	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
[4216]	751	ENDDO
[4127]	752	ENDDO
	753	ENDDO
	754	ENDIF
	755
[2209]	756	CASE DEFAULT
	757	found = .FALSE.
	758
	759	END SELECT
	760
	761
	762	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	763
	764	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	765	!
	766	! Description:
	767	! ------------
	768	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	769	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	770	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	771	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	772
	773	IMPLICIT NONE
	774
	775	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	776	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	777	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	778	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	779	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	780
	781	found = .TRUE.
	782
	783	!
	784	!-- Check for the grid
	785	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	786
[3449]	787	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate', 'pcm_bowenratio')
[2209]	788	grid_x = 'x'
	789	grid_y = 'y'
[4127]	790	grid_z = 'zpc'
[2209]	791
	792	CASE DEFAULT
	793	found = .FALSE.
	794	grid_x = 'none'
	795	grid_y = 'none'
	796	grid_z = 'none'
	797	END SELECT
	798
	799	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	800
	801
	802	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	803	! Description:
	804	! ------------
[1826]	805	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	806	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	807	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	808
	809	USE control_parameters, &
[3065]	810	ONLY: passive_scalar
[1826]	811
	812
	813	IMPLICIT NONE
	814
	815	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	816
	817	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	818	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	819	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	820	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	821
	822	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	823	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	824	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	825
	826	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	827
[3065]	828	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1826]	829
	830	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	831	canopy_drag_coeff
	832	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	833	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	834	leaf_surface_conc
	835	ENDIF
	836
	837	!
	838	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	839	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	840
	841	!
	842	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	843	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	844	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	845
	846	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	847	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	848	gradients = '------'
	849	slices = ' 0'
	850	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	851	i = 1
	852	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	853	/= -9999 )
	854
	855	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	856	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	857	TRIM( coor_chr )
	858
	859	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	860	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	861
	862	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	863	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	864
	865	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	866	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	867
	868	i = i + 1
	869	ENDDO
	870
	871	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	872	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	873
	874	ELSE
	875
	876	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	877	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	878
	879	DO k = 1, pch_index
	880
	881	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	882	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	883	TRIM( coor_chr )
	884
	885	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	886	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	887
	888	ENDDO
	889
	890	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	891	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	892
	893	ENDIF
	894
	895	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	896	' ------------------------------'// &
	897	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	898	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	899	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	900	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	901	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	902	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	903	' K m/s')
	904	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	905	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	906	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	907	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	908	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	909	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	910	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	911	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	912	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	913	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	914	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	915
	916	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	917
	918
	919	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	920	! Description:
	921	! ------------
[1682]	922	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	923	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	924	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	925
	926
	927	USE control_parameters, &
[3614]	928	ONLY: message_string, ocean_mode
[1484]	929
[2696]	930	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	931	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	932
[2232]	933	USE surface_mod, &
	934	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	935
	936	IMPLICIT NONE
	937
[2007]	938	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	939	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	940	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	941	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	942
[2007]	943	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	944	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	945	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[3241]	946
[3885]	947	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
[1484]	948	!
	949	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	950	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	951	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	952	lad = 0.0_wp
	953	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	954
	955	!
[1826]	956	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	957	!-- a beta probability density function
	958	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	959	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	960	ENDIF
	961
	962
	963	!
[1484]	964	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	965	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	966	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	967	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	968	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	969	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	970
	971	!
	972	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	973	i = 1
	974	gradient = 0.0_wp
	975
[3294]	976	IF ( .NOT. ocean_mode ) THEN
[1484]	977
	978	lad(0) = lad_surface
	979	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	980
	981	DO k = 1, pch_index
	982	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	983	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	984	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	985	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	986	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	987	i = i + 1
	988	ENDIF
	989	ENDIF
	990	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	991	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	992	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	993	ELSE
	994	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	995	ENDIF
	996	ELSE
	997	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	998	ENDIF
	999	ENDDO
	1000
	1001	ENDIF
	1002
	1003	!
	1004	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	1005	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	1006	!-- file.
	1007	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1008	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	1009	ENDIF
	1010
	1011	ELSE
	1012
	1013	!
	1014	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	1015	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
[3065]	1016	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1484]	1017
[2232]	1018	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	1019	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	1020	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1021	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1022	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1023	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	1024	ENDDO
	1025
	1026	!
	1027	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	1028	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	1029	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	1030	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1031	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1032	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	1033	) / canopy_height
[1484]	1034	ENDDO
	1035
	1036	!
	1037	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	1038	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	1039	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	1040	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	1041	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	1042	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	1043	ENDDO
	1044
	1045	ENDIF
	1046
	1047	!
[2213]	1048	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	1049	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1050
	1051	!
	1052	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1053	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1054	!-- with the prescribed values
	1055	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	1056	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	1057	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	1058
	1059	!
	1060	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	1061	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	1062	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	1063	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	1064
	1065	CASE( 'block' )
	1066
	1067	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1068	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1069	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	1070	ENDDO
	1071	ENDDO
	1072
[2007]	1073	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	1074	!
[2696]	1075	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	1076	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	1077	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	1078	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	1079	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1080	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	1081	!
	1082	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	1083	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	1084	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	1085
	1086	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1087	DO j = nys, nyn
	1088	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
[3864]	1089	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	1090	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
[2696]	1091	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	1092	ENDDO
	1093	ENDDO
	1094	ENDDO
[4187]	1095
[2696]	1096	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	1097	!
	1098	! ASCII file
[2007]	1099	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1100	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1101	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	1102	!-- each location).
[2696]	1103	ELSE
	1104	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1105	ENDIF
[2007]	1106
[1484]	1107	CASE DEFAULT
	1108	!
[2007]	1109	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	1110	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	1111	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	1112	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	1113	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	1114	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	1115
	1116	END SELECT
[2696]	1117	!
	1118	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	1119	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1120	pch_index_ji = 0
[4187]	1121
[2696]	1122	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1123	DO j = nys, nyn
	1124	DO k = 0, pch_index
	1125	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	1126	ENDDO
[1484]	1127	!
[2696]	1128	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	1129	!-- height of the model domain.
[4168]	1130	k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2696]	1131	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	1132	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	1133	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
[4187]	1134	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	1135	ENDIF
	1136
	1137	ENDDO
	1138	ENDDO
	1139
	1140	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
[3497]	1141	!
[3449]	1142	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
[3497]	1143	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
[4187]	1144
	1145
[3497]	1146	!
[3449]	1147	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
	1148	#if defined( __parallel )
[3497]	1149	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1150	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
[3449]	1151	#endif
	1152
	1153	!-- Allocation of arrays pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate and pc_latent_rate
	1154	ALLOCATE( pc_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[4221]	1155	pc_heating_rate = 0.0_wp
	1156
[3449]	1157	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1158	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1159	pc_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
	1160	ALLOCATE( pc_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1161	pc_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
	1162	ENDIF
[2696]	1163	!
[2011]	1164	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	1165	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	1166	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	1167	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	1168	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	1169	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	1170	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	1171	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	1172	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	1173	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	1174	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
[3449]	1175	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	1176	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate)
	1177	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
	1178	!-- We cannot use variable radiation_interactions here to determine the situation
	1179	!-- as it is assigned in init_3d_model after the call of pcm_init.
	1180	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2213]	1181
[3449]	1182	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	1183	!
[2011]	1184	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	1185	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	1186	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1187	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1188	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1189	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	1190	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	1191	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1192	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	1193	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1194	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1195	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1196	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1197	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1198	ELSE
	1199	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1200	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	1201	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	1202	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1203	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1204	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1205	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1206	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1207	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1208	ENDIF
	1209	ENDDO
	1210	ENDDO
	1211	ENDDO
	1212
[2232]	1213	!
	1214	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	1215	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	1216	!-- Start with default surface type
	1217	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
	1218	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	1219	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1220	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1221	ENDDO
[1484]	1222	!
[2232]	1223	!-- Natural surfaces
	1224	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
	1225	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	1226	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1227	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1228	ENDDO
	1229	!
	1230	!-- Urban surfaces
	1231	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
	1232	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	1233	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1234	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1235	ENDDO
	1236	!
	1237	!
[2011]	1238	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	1239	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	1240	!-- canopy.
	1241	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	1242	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	1243	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	1244	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	1245	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1246	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1247	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1248	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3022]	1249	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	1250	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
[2232]	1251	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	1252	ENDIF
	1253	ENDDO
[1721]	1254	ENDDO
	1255	ENDDO
[1484]	1256
	1257	ENDIF
	1258
[3885]	1259	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
[1484]	1260
[3685]	1261
[1826]	1262	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	1263
	1264
[2007]	1265	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1266	! Description:
	1267	! ------------
[2932]	1268	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	1269	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1270	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	1271
[2746]	1272	USE control_parameters, &
[2932]	1273	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
[2007]	1274
	1275	IMPLICIT NONE
	1276
	1277	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1278
[2932]	1279	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	1280	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1281	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1282	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	1283	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1284	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1285	lai_beta, &
	1286	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1287	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1288	plant_canopy_transpiration
[2932]	1289
[2007]	1290	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1291	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1292	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1293	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1294	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1295	lai_beta, &
	1296	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1297	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1298	plant_canopy_transpiration
[3246]	1299
[2007]	1300	line = ' '
[3246]	1301
[2007]	1302	!
	1303	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	1304	REWIND ( 11 )
	1305	line = ' '
[3248]	1306	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1307	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[2007]	1308	ENDDO
	1309	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1310
	1311	!
	1312	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1313	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
[2932]	1314
	1315	!
	1316	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1317	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
[3246]	1318
	1319	GOTO 14
	1320
	1321	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1322	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1323	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
[2932]	1324	!
	1325	!-- Try to find old namelist
[3246]	1326	12 REWIND ( 11 )
[2932]	1327	line = ' '
[3248]	1328	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1329	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
[2932]	1330	ENDDO
	1331	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1332
	1333	!
	1334	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1335	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
[2007]	1336
[2932]	1337	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
[3046]	1338	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	1339	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1340	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[3246]	1341
[2007]	1342	!
	1343	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1344	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1345
[3246]	1346	GOTO 14
[2007]	1347
[3246]	1348	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1349	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1350	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
[3246]	1351
	1352	14 CONTINUE
	1353
	1354
[2007]	1355	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1356
	1357
	1358
[1484]	1359	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1360	! Description:
	1361	! ------------
[2007]	1362	!
	1363	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1364	!>
	1365	!> num_levels
[2977]	1366	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1367	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1368	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1369	!> ...
	1370	!>
	1371	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1372	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1373	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1374	!>
	1375	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1376	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1377	!>
	1378	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1379	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1380	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1381	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1382
	1383	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	1384	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2007]	1385
[2213]	1386	USE indices, &
	1387	ONLY: nbgp
	1388
	1389	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1390
[2213]	1391	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1392	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1393	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1394	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
[3337]	1395	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1396	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1397	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
[2213]	1398
	1399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1400
[2213]	1401	!
	1402	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1403	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1404
	1405	!
	1406	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1407	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1408	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1409	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1410	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[3337]	1411	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
	1412	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
[2977]	1413	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1414
[2213]	1415	DO
[2977]	1416	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1417	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1418
	1419	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1420	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1421	!
[2977]	1422	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1423	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1424	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1425	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1426	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1427	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1428	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1429	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1430	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1431	ENDIF
[4168]	1432	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3337]	1433	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
[2977]	1434	CASE DEFAULT
	1435	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1436	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1437	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1438	END SELECT
[2213]	1439	ENDDO
[2007]	1440
[2213]	1441	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1442	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1443
[2213]	1444	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1445	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1446
	1447	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1448	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1449
	1450	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1451
	1452	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1453
	1454
	1455
	1456	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1457	! Description:
	1458	! ------------
[1682]	1459	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1460	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1461	!>
	1462	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1463	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1464	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1465	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1466	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1467	!>
	1468	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1469	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1470	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1471	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1472	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1473	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1474	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1475	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1476	!>
	1477	!>
	1478	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1479	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1480	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1481
	1482
[1320]	1483	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1484	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1485
	1486	USE kinds
	1487
[138]	1488	IMPLICIT NONE
	1489
[1682]	1490	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1491	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1492	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1493	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1494	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1495	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1496
[1682]	1497	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1498	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1499	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1500	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1501	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1502	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1503
	1504
	1505	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1506
	1507	!
[1484]	1508	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1509	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1510
	1511	!
	1512	!-- u-component
	1513	CASE ( 1 )
	1514	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1515	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1516	!
	1517	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	1518	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	1519	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1520
[2232]	1521	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1522	!
	1523	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1524	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1525	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1526	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1527	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1528	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1529	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1530	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1531	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1532	THEN
	1533	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1534	ENDIF
	1535
	1536	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1537	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1538	!
	1539	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1540	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1541	lad_local * &
	1542	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1543	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1544	v(k,j,i) + &
	1545	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1546	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1547	)**2 + &
	1548	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1549	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1550	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1551	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1552	)**2 &
	1553	) * &
	1554	u(k,j,i)
	1555
	1556	!
	1557	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1558	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1559	!
	1560	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1561	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1562	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1563	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1564	ELSE
	1565	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1566	ENDIF
	1567	!
	1568	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1569	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1570
[138]	1571	ENDDO
	1572	ENDDO
	1573	ENDDO
	1574
	1575	!
	1576	!-- v-component
	1577	CASE ( 2 )
	1578	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1579	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1580	!
	1581	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	1582	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2317]	1583
[2696]	1584	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1585
[2232]	1586	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1587	!
	1588	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1589	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1590	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1591	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1592	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1593	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1594	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1595	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1596	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1597	THEN
	1598	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1599	ENDIF
	1600
	1601	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1602	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1603	!
	1604	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1605	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1606	lad_local * &
	1607	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1608	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1609	u(k,j,i) + &
	1610	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1611	)**2 + &
	1612	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1613	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1614	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1615	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1616	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1617	)**2 &
	1618	) * &
	1619	v(k,j,i)
	1620
	1621	!
	1622	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1623	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1624	!
	1625	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1626	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1627	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1628	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1629	ELSE
	1630	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1631	ENDIF
	1632	!
	1633	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1634	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1635
[138]	1636	ENDDO
	1637	ENDDO
	1638	ENDDO
	1639
	1640	!
	1641	!-- w-component
	1642	CASE ( 3 )
	1643	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1644	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1645	!
	1646	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	1647	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	1648
[2696]	1649	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1650
[2232]	1651	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1652
[1484]	1653	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1654	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1655	!
	1656	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1657	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1658	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1659	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1660	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1661	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1662	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1663	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1664	)**2 + &
	1665	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1666	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1667	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1668	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1669	)**2 + &
	1670	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1671	) * &
	1672	w(k,j,i)
	1673	!
	1674	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1675	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1676	!
	1677	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1678	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1679	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1680	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1681	ELSE
	1682	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1683	ENDIF
	1684	!
	1685	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1686	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1687
[138]	1688	ENDDO
	1689	ENDDO
	1690	ENDDO
	1691
	1692	!
[153]	1693	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1694	CASE ( 4 )
[3449]	1695	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1696	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1697	DO j = nys, nyn
	1698	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1699	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1700	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1701	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1702	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
	1703	ENDDO
[153]	1704	ENDDO
	1705	ENDDO
[3449]	1706	ELSE
	1707	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1708	DO j = nys, nyn
	1709	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1710	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1711	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1712	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1713	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	1714	ENDDO
	1715	ENDDO
	1716	ENDDO
	1717	ENDIF
[153]	1718
	1719	!
[1960]	1720	!-- humidity
[153]	1721	CASE ( 5 )
	1722	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1723	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1724	!
	1725	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1726	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1727
[2696]	1728	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1729
	1730	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3014]	1731
[3449]	1732	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	1733	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	1734	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	1735	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	1736	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	1737	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1738	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1739	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1740	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1741	)**2 + &
	1742	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1743	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1744	)**2 + &
	1745	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1746	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1747	)**2 &
	1748	) * &
[3449]	1749	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1750	ENDIF
	1751
[3014]	1752	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1753	ENDDO
	1754	ENDDO
	1755	ENDDO
	1756
	1757	!
	1758	!-- sgs-tke
	1759	CASE ( 6 )
	1760	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1761	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1762	!
	1763	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1764	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1765
[2696]	1766	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1767
	1768	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1769	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1770	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1771	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1772	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1773	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1774	)**2 + &
	1775	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1776	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1777	)**2 + &
	1778	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1779	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1780	)**2 &
	1781	) * &
	1782	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1783	ENDDO
	1784	ENDDO
	1785	ENDDO
[1960]	1786	!
	1787	!-- scalar concentration
	1788	CASE ( 7 )
	1789	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1790	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1791	!
	1792	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1793	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1794
[2696]	1795	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1796
	1797	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1798	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1799	lsec * &
	1800	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1801	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1802	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1803	)**2 + &
	1804	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1805	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1806	)**2 + &
	1807	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1808	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1809	)**2 &
	1810	) * &
	1811	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1812	ENDDO
	1813	ENDDO
	1814	ENDDO
[1484]	1815
	1816
[1960]	1817
[138]	1818	CASE DEFAULT
	1819
[257]	1820	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1821	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1822
	1823	END SELECT
	1824
[1826]	1825	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1826
	1827
	1828	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1829	! Description:
	1830	! ------------
[1682]	1831	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1832	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1833	!>
	1834	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1835	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1836	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1837	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1838	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1839	!>
	1840	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1841	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1842	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1843	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1844	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1845	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1846	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1847	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1848	!>
	1849	!>
	1850	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1851	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1852	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1853
	1854
[1320]	1855	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1856	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1857
	1858	USE kinds
	1859
[138]	1860	IMPLICIT NONE
	1861
[1682]	1862	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1863	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1864	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1865	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1866	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1867	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1868
[1682]	1869	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1870	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1871	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1872	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1873	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1874	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1875
	1876
	1877	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1878	!
[1484]	1879	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1880	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1881
	1882	!
[142]	1883	!-- u-component
[1484]	1884	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1885	!
	1886	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	1887	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	1888	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1889
[2696]	1890	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1891
	1892	!
[1484]	1893	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1894	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1895	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1896	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1897	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1898	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1899	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1900	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1901	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1902	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1903	ENDIF
	1904
	1905	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1906	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1907	!
	1908	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1909	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1910	lad_local * &
	1911	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1912	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1913	v(k,j,i) + &
	1914	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1915	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1916	)**2 + &
	1917	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1918	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1919	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1920	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1921	)**2 &
	1922	) * &
	1923	u(k,j,i)
	1924
	1925	!
	1926	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1927	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1928	!
	1929	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1930	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1931	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1932	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1933	ELSE
	1934	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1935	ENDIF
	1936	!
	1937	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1938	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1939	ENDDO
	1940
	1941
	1942	!
[142]	1943	!-- v-component
[1484]	1944	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	1945	!
	1946	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	1947	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2317]	1948
[2696]	1949	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	1950
[2232]	1951	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1952	!
[1484]	1953	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1954	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1955	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1956	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1957	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1958	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1959	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1960	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1961	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1962	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1963	ENDIF
	1964
	1965	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1966	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1967	!
	1968	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1969	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1970	lad_local * &
	1971	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1972	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1973	u(k,j,i) + &
	1974	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1975	)**2 + &
	1976	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1977	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1978	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1979	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1980	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1981	)**2 &
	1982	) * &
	1983	v(k,j,i)
	1984
	1985	!
	1986	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1987	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1988	!
	1989	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1990	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1991	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1992	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1993	ELSE
	1994	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1995	ENDIF
	1996	!
	1997	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1998	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1999	ENDDO
	2000
	2001
	2002	!
[142]	2003	!-- w-component
[1484]	2004	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	2005	!
	2006	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	2007	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	2008
[2696]	2009	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	2010
[2232]	2011	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	2012
[1484]	2013	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	2014	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	2015	!
[1484]	2016	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	2017	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	2018	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	2019	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	2020	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2021	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	2022	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	2023	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	2024	)**2 + &
	2025	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2026	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2027	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	2028	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	2029	)**2 + &
	2030	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	2031	) * &
	2032	w(k,j,i)
	2033	!
	2034	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2035	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2036	!
	2037	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2038	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2039	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	2040	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2041	ELSE
	2042	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2043	ENDIF
	2044	!
	2045	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2046	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2047	ENDDO
	2048
	2049	!
[153]	2050	!-- potential temperature
	2051	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	2052	!
	2053	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2054	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2055
[3449]	2056	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2057	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2058	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3582]	2059	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
	2060	pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2061	ENDDO
	2062	ELSE
	2063	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2064	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2065	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	2066	ENDDO
	2067	ENDIF
[153]	2068
	2069	!
[1960]	2070	!-- humidity
[153]	2071	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	2072	!
	2073	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2074	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2075
[2696]	2076	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[3014]	2077	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3449]	2078	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	2079	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	2080	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	2081	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	2082	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	2083	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	2084	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2085	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2086	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2087	)**2 + &
	2088	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2089	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2090	)**2 + &
	2091	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2092	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2093	)**2 &
	2094	) * &
[3449]	2095	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2096	ENDIF
[2232]	2097
[3014]	2098	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
	2099
[153]	2100	ENDDO
	2101
	2102	!
[142]	2103	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	2104	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	2105	!
	2106	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2107	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2108
[2696]	2109	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2110
	2111	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	2112	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2113	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	2114	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	2115	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2116	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2117	)**2 + &
	2118	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2119	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2120	)**2 + &
	2121	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2122	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2123	)**2 &
	2124	) * &
	2125	e(k,j,i)
	2126	ENDDO
[1960]	2127
	2128	!
	2129	!-- scalar concentration
	2130	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	2131	!
	2132	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2133	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2134
[2696]	2135	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2136
	2137	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	2138	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2139	lsec * &
	2140	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2141	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2142	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2143	)**2 + &
	2144	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2145	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2146	)**2 + &
	2147	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2148	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2149	)**2 &
	2150	) * &
	2151	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2152	ENDDO
[138]	2153
[142]	2154	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	2155
[257]	2156	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	2157	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2158
[142]	2159	END SELECT
[138]	2160
[1826]	2161	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	2162
[2007]	2163
	2164
[138]	2165	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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