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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4214

Last change on this file since 4214 was 4205, checked in by suehring, 5 years ago
plant canopy: Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed; surface data output: Correct x,y-coordinates of vertical surfaces in netcdf output; Change definition of azimuth angle, reference is north 0 degree
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 88.6 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3655]	17	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[3885]	18	! Copyright 2017-2019 Institute of Computer Science of the
	19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
[2000]	20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	21	!
[257]	22	! Current revisions:
[2977]	23	! ------------------
[2214]	24	!
[3885]	25	!
[2214]	26	! Former revisions:
	27	! -----------------
	28	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring $
[4205]	29	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
	30	!
	31	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
[4188]	32	! Minor adjustment in error number
	33	!
	34	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
[4187]	35	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
	36	!
	37	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	38	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	39	!
	40	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
[4168]	41	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
	42	!
	43	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
[4127]	44	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
	45	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
	46	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
	47	! (merge from branch resler)
	48	!
	49	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	50	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	51	! of additional debug messages
	52	!
	53	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
[3761]	54	! unsed variables removed
	55	!
	56	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
[3745]	57	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
	58	! becomes > 40 degrees
	59	!
	60	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
[3685]	61	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	62	!
	63	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3614]	64	! unused variables removed
[3498]	65	!
[4182]	66	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	67	! Initial revision
	68	!
[138]	69	! Description:
	70	! ------------
[1682]	71	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	72	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	73	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	74	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[3744]	75	!
	76	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
[138]	77	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	78	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	79
[1484]	80	USE arrays_3d, &
[3449]	81	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	82
[3449]	83	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	84	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
	85
[3885]	86	USE control_parameters, &
	87	ONLY: debug_output, humidity
[3449]	88
[1484]	89	USE indices, &
	90	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[4168]	91	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind
[1484]	92
	93	USE kinds
	94
[3449]	95	USE pegrid
	96
[1484]	97
	98	IMPLICIT NONE
	99
	100
[3449]	101	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
	102	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
	103	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
	104	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
[1484]	105
[3449]	106	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	107	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	108
[3449]	109	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
[2696]	110
[3449]	111	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	112
[2696]	113	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	114	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	115	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	116	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	117	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	118	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	119	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	120	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	121	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	122	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	123	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2768]	124	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2696]	125	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	126
[2696]	127	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	128	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	129
[2977]	130	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	131	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	132
[1682]	133	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	134	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	135
[4127]	136	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	137	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
	138	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
	139	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
	140	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
[1484]	141
[4127]	142	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
	143	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
	144	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
	145
[1484]	146	SAVE
	147
	148
[138]	149	PRIVATE
[1826]	150
	151	!
	152	!-- Public functions
[3449]	153	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, pcm_check_data_output, &
[4127]	154	pcm_check_parameters, pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
	155	pcm_data_output_3d, pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
[3449]	156	pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	157
[1826]	158	!
	159	!-- Public variables and constants
[3467]	160	PUBLIC cdc, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate, &
	161	canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, pch_index, &
	162	plant_canopy_transpiration
[1484]	163
[3449]	164	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	165	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	166	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	167
[2209]	168	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	169	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	170	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	171
[1826]	172	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	173	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	174	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	175
[4127]	176	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	177	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	178	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	179
[2209]	180	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	181	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	182	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	183
	184	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	185	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	186	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	187
	188	INTERFACE pcm_header
	189	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	190	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	191
	192	INTERFACE pcm_init
	193	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	194	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	195
[1826]	196	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	197	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	198	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	199
	200	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	201	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	202	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	203
	204	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	205	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	206	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	207	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	208
	209
[138]	210	CONTAINS
	211
[2209]	212
[3449]	213
[2209]	214	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	215	! Description:
	216	! ------------
[3449]	217	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
	218	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
	219	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
	220	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
	221	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
	222	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
	223	!> Tree Physiology 20).
	224	!>
	225	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
	226	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
	227	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
	228	!>
	229	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	230	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
	231
	232	USE control_parameters, &
	233	ONLY: dz
	234
	235	USE grid_variables, &
	236	ONLY: dx, dy
	237
	238	IMPLICIT NONE
	239	!-- input parameters
[4205]	240	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
	241	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
	242	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
	243	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
	244	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
[3449]	245
	246	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
[4205]	247	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
	248	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
	249	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
	250	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
	251	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
	252	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	253	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	254	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	255	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
	256	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
[3449]	257
	258
	259	!-- Temperature (deg C)
	260	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
	261	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
[4205]	262	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
[3449]	263	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
	264	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
	265	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
	266	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
	267	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
	268	!-- Wind speed
[3744]	269	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
[4205]	270	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
	271	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
[3449]	272	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
	273	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
	274	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
	275	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
	276	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
	277	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
[4205]	278	f1 = rad * (1000.0_wp+42.1_wp) / 1000.0_wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
[3449]	279	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
	280	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
[3744]	281	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
[3449]	282	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
	283	!-- Water pressure deficit
	284	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
	285	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
	286	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
	287	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
	288	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
	289	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
	290	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
[4205]	291	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
[3449]	292	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
	293	!-- Residual soil water content
	294	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
	295	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
	296	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
	297	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
[4205]	298	f4 = MAX(0.0_wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
[3449]	299	!-- Stomatal conductivity
	300	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
	301	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
[4205]	302	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
[3449]	303	!-- Decoupling factor
	304	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
[4205]	305	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
	306	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
[3449]	307	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
	308	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
	309	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
	310	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
	311	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
	312	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
	313	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
	314	!-- Evaporation rate
	315	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
	316	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
	317	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
	318	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
	319	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
	320	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
	321	!-- latent heat from evaporation
	322	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
	323
	324	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	325
	326
	327	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	328	! Description:
	329	! ------------
[2209]	330	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	331	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	332	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[1826]	333
[2209]	334
	335	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	336	ONLY: message_string, urban_surface
[2209]	337
	338	IMPLICIT NONE
	339
	340	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	341	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	342
	343
	344	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	345
	346	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	347	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	348	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	349	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	350	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	351	ENDIF
[2209]	352	unit = 'K s-1'
	353
[3014]	354	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	355	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	356
[3449]	357	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	358	unit = 'K s-1'
	359
	360	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
	361	unit = 'K s-1'
	362
[2209]	363	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	364	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	365
	366
	367	CASE DEFAULT
	368	unit = 'illegal'
	369
	370	END SELECT
	371
	372
	373	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	374
	375
[1826]	376	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	377	! Description:
	378	! ------------
	379	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	380	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	381	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	382
[1826]	383	USE control_parameters, &
[3274]	384	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2696]	385
[3274]	386	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	387	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
	388
[2696]	389	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	390	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
[1826]	391
	392
	393	IMPLICIT NONE
	394
	395
	396	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	397	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
[3046]	398	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	399	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	400	ENDIF
	401
[3045]	402	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
[1826]	403	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	404	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	405	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	406	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	407	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	408	ENDIF
	409
	410	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	411	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	412	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	413	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	414	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	415	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	416	ENDIF
	417
	418	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	419	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	420	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	421	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	422	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	423	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	424	'density profile'
[2768]	425	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	426	ENDIF
	427
[3274]	428	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
[1826]	429	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	430	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	431	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	432	ENDIF
[2696]	433	!
	434	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
	435	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
	436	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
	437	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
	438	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	439	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
	440	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
[4188]	441	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0672', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	442	ENDIF
[1826]	443
	444
	445	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	446
	447
[138]	448	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	449	!
[1484]	450	! Description:
	451	! ------------
[4127]	452	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
[2209]	453	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4127]	454	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
	455
	456
	457	USE control_parameters
	458
	459	USE indices
	460
	461	USE kinds
	462
	463	IMPLICIT NONE
	464
	465	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
	466	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	467
	468	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	469	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	470	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	471
	472
	473	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
	474
	475	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	476
	477	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	478	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	479	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	480	ENDIF
	481	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	482
	483
	484	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	485	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	486	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	487	ENDIF
	488	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	489
	490
	491	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	492	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	493	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	494	ENDIF
	495	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	496
	497	CASE DEFAULT
	498	CONTINUE
	499
	500	END SELECT
	501
	502	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
	503
	504	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	505
	506	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	507	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	508	DO i = nxl, nxr
	509	DO j = nys, nyn
	510	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	511	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	512	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
	513	ENDDO
	514	ENDIF
	515	ENDDO
	516	ENDDO
	517	ENDIF
	518
	519
	520	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	521	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	522	DO i = nxl, nxr
	523	DO j = nys, nyn
	524	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	525	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	526	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
	527	ENDDO
	528	ENDIF
	529	ENDDO
	530	ENDDO
	531	ENDIF
	532
	533
	534	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	535	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	536	DO i = nxl, nxr
	537	DO j = nys, nyn
	538	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	539	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	540	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
	541	ENDDO
	542	ENDIF
	543	ENDDO
	544	ENDDO
	545	ENDIF
	546
	547	CASE DEFAULT
	548	CONTINUE
	549
	550	END SELECT
	551
	552	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
	553
	554	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	555
	556	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	557	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	558	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	559	DO j = nysg, nyng
	560	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	561	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	562	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
	563	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	564	ENDDO
	565	ENDIF
	566	ENDDO
	567	ENDDO
	568	ENDIF
	569
	570
	571	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	572	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	573	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	574	DO j = nysg, nyng
	575	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	576	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	577	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
	578	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	579	ENDDO
	580	ENDIF
	581	ENDDO
	582	ENDDO
	583	ENDIF
	584
	585
	586	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	587	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	588	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	589	DO j = nysg, nyng
	590	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	591	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	592	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
	593	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	594	ENDDO
	595	ENDIF
	596	ENDDO
	597	ENDDO
	598	ENDIF
	599
	600	END SELECT
	601
	602	ENDIF
	603
	604	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	605
	606	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	607	!
	608	! Description:
	609	! ------------
	610	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
	611	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
	612	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
	613	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
	614	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	615	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	616	nzb_do, nzt_do )
	617
[2209]	618	USE indices
	619
	620	USE kinds
	621
	622
	623	IMPLICIT NONE
	624
	625	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	626
[2696]	627	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
	628	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	629	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	630	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[3014]	631	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	632	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	633
	634	LOGICAL :: found !<
	635
[2696]	636	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
[3014]	637	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !<
[2209]	638
	639
	640	found = .TRUE.
	641
[2696]	642	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	643
	644	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	645
[4127]	646	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	647	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	648	DO i = nxl, nxr
	649	DO j = nys, nyn
	650	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	651	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	652	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
	653	ENDDO
	654	ENDIF
	655	ENDDO
	656	ENDDO
	657	ELSE
	658	DO i = nxl, nxr
	659	DO j = nys, nyn
	660	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	661	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
	662	ENDDO
	663	ENDDO
	664	ENDDO
	665	ENDIF
[3449]	666
	667	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
[4127]	668	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	669	DO i = nxl, nxr
	670	DO j = nys, nyn
	671	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	672	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	673	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
	674	ENDDO
	675	ENDIF
	676	ENDDO
	677	ENDDO
	678	ELSE
	679	DO i = nxl, nxr
	680	DO j = nys, nyn
	681	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	682	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
	683	ENDDO
	684	ENDDO
	685	ENDDO
	686	ENDIF
[3449]	687
[4127]	688	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	689	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	690	DO i = nxl, nxr
	691	DO j = nys, nyn
	692	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	693	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	694	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
	695	ENDDO
	696	ENDIF
	697	ENDDO
	698	ENDDO
	699	ELSE
	700	DO i = nxl, nxr
	701	DO j = nys, nyn
	702	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	703	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
	704	ENDDO
	705	ENDDO
	706	ENDDO
	707	ENDIF
	708
[3449]	709	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
[4127]	710	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	711	DO i = nxl, nxr
	712	DO j = nys, nyn
	713	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	714	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	715	IF ( pc_latent_rate(k,j,i) /= 0._wp ) THEN
	716	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) / &
	717	pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
	718	ENDIF
	719	ENDDO
	720	ENDIF
	721	ENDDO
	722	ENDDO
	723	ENDIF
[3449]	724
[4127]	725	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	726	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	727	DO i = nxl, nxr
	728	DO j = nys, nyn
	729	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	730	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	731	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
	732	ENDDO
	733	ENDIF
	734	ENDDO
	735	ENDDO
	736	ENDIF
	737
[2209]	738	CASE DEFAULT
	739	found = .FALSE.
	740
	741	END SELECT
	742
	743
	744	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	745
	746	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	747	!
	748	! Description:
	749	! ------------
	750	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	751	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	752	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	753	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	754
	755	IMPLICIT NONE
	756
	757	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	758	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	759	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	760	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	761	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	762
	763	found = .TRUE.
	764
	765	!
	766	!-- Check for the grid
	767	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	768
[3449]	769	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate', 'pcm_bowenratio')
[2209]	770	grid_x = 'x'
	771	grid_y = 'y'
[4127]	772	grid_z = 'zpc'
[2209]	773
	774	CASE DEFAULT
	775	found = .FALSE.
	776	grid_x = 'none'
	777	grid_y = 'none'
	778	grid_z = 'none'
	779	END SELECT
	780
	781	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	782
	783
	784	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	785	! Description:
	786	! ------------
[1826]	787	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	788	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	789	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	790
	791	USE control_parameters, &
[3065]	792	ONLY: passive_scalar
[1826]	793
	794
	795	IMPLICIT NONE
	796
	797	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	798
	799	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	800	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	801	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	802	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	803
	804	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	805	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	806	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	807
	808	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	809
[3065]	810	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1826]	811
	812	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	813	canopy_drag_coeff
	814	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	815	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	816	leaf_surface_conc
	817	ENDIF
	818
	819	!
	820	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	821	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	822
	823	!
	824	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	825	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	826	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	827
	828	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	829	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	830	gradients = '------'
	831	slices = ' 0'
	832	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	833	i = 1
	834	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	835	/= -9999 )
	836
	837	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	838	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	839	TRIM( coor_chr )
	840
	841	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	842	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	843
	844	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	845	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	846
	847	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	848	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	849
	850	i = i + 1
	851	ENDDO
	852
	853	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	854	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	855
	856	ELSE
	857
	858	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	859	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	860
	861	DO k = 1, pch_index
	862
	863	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	864	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	865	TRIM( coor_chr )
	866
	867	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	868	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	869
	870	ENDDO
	871
	872	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	873	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	874
	875	ENDIF
	876
	877	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	878	' ------------------------------'// &
	879	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	880	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	881	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	882	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	883	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	884	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	885	' K m/s')
	886	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	887	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	888	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	889	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	890	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	891	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	892	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	893	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	894	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	895	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	896	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	897
	898	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	899
	900
	901	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	902	! Description:
	903	! ------------
[1682]	904	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	905	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	906	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	907
	908
	909	USE control_parameters, &
[3614]	910	ONLY: message_string, ocean_mode
[1484]	911
[2696]	912	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	913	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	914
[2232]	915	USE surface_mod, &
	916	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	917
	918	IMPLICIT NONE
	919
[2007]	920	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	921	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	922	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	923	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	924
[2007]	925	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	926	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	927	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[3241]	928
[3885]	929	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
[1484]	930	!
	931	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	932	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	933	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	934	lad = 0.0_wp
	935	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	936
	937	!
[1826]	938	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	939	!-- a beta probability density function
	940	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	941	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	942	ENDIF
	943
	944
	945	!
[1484]	946	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	947	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	948	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	949	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	950	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	951	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	952
	953	!
	954	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	955	i = 1
	956	gradient = 0.0_wp
	957
[3294]	958	IF ( .NOT. ocean_mode ) THEN
[1484]	959
	960	lad(0) = lad_surface
	961	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	962
	963	DO k = 1, pch_index
	964	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	965	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	966	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	967	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	968	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	969	i = i + 1
	970	ENDIF
	971	ENDIF
	972	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	973	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	974	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	975	ELSE
	976	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	977	ENDIF
	978	ELSE
	979	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	980	ENDIF
	981	ENDDO
	982
	983	ENDIF
	984
	985	!
	986	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	987	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	988	!-- file.
	989	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	990	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	991	ENDIF
	992
	993	ELSE
	994
	995	!
	996	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	997	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
[3065]	998	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1484]	999
[2232]	1000	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	1001	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	1002	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1003	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1004	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1005	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	1006	ENDDO
	1007
	1008	!
	1009	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	1010	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	1011	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	1012	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	1013	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1014	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	1015	) / canopy_height
[1484]	1016	ENDDO
	1017
	1018	!
	1019	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	1020	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	1021	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	1022	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	1023	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	1024	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	1025	ENDDO
	1026
	1027	ENDIF
	1028
	1029	!
[2213]	1030	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	1031	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1032
	1033	!
	1034	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1035	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1036	!-- with the prescribed values
	1037	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	1038	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	1039	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	1040
	1041	!
	1042	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	1043	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	1044	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	1045	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	1046
	1047	CASE( 'block' )
	1048
	1049	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1050	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1051	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	1052	ENDDO
	1053	ENDDO
	1054
[2007]	1055	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	1056	!
[2696]	1057	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	1058	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	1059	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	1060	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	1061	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1062	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	1063	!
	1064	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	1065	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	1066	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	1067
	1068	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1069	DO j = nys, nyn
	1070	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
[3864]	1071	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	1072	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
[2696]	1073	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	1074	ENDDO
	1075	ENDDO
	1076	ENDDO
[4187]	1077
[2696]	1078	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	1079	!
	1080	! ASCII file
[2007]	1081	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1082	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1083	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	1084	!-- each location).
[2696]	1085	ELSE
	1086	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1087	ENDIF
[2007]	1088
[1484]	1089	CASE DEFAULT
	1090	!
[2007]	1091	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	1092	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	1093	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	1094	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	1095	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	1096	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	1097
	1098	END SELECT
[2696]	1099	!
	1100	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	1101	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1102	pch_index_ji = 0
[4187]	1103
[2696]	1104	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1105	DO j = nys, nyn
	1106	DO k = 0, pch_index
	1107	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	1108	ENDDO
[1484]	1109	!
[2696]	1110	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	1111	!-- height of the model domain.
[4168]	1112	k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2696]	1113	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	1114	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	1115	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
[4187]	1116	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	1117	ENDIF
	1118
	1119	ENDDO
	1120	ENDDO
	1121
	1122	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
[3497]	1123	!
[3449]	1124	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
[3497]	1125	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
[4187]	1126
	1127
[3497]	1128	!
[3449]	1129	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
	1130	#if defined( __parallel )
[3497]	1131	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1132	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
[3449]	1133	#endif
	1134
	1135	!-- Allocation of arrays pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate and pc_latent_rate
	1136	ALLOCATE( pc_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1137	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1138	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1139	pc_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
	1140	ALLOCATE( pc_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1141	pc_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
	1142	ENDIF
[2696]	1143	!
[2011]	1144	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	1145	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	1146	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	1147	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	1148	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	1149	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	1150	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	1151	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	1152	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	1153	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	1154	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
[3449]	1155	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	1156	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate)
	1157	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
	1158	!-- We cannot use variable radiation_interactions here to determine the situation
	1159	!-- as it is assigned in init_3d_model after the call of pcm_init.
	1160	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2213]	1161
[3449]	1162	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	1163	!
[2011]	1164	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	1165	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	1166	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1167	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1168	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1169	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	1170	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	1171	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1172	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	1173	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1174	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1175	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1176	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1177	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1178	ELSE
	1179	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1180	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	1181	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	1182	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1183	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1184	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1185	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1186	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1187	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1188	ENDIF
	1189	ENDDO
	1190	ENDDO
	1191	ENDDO
	1192
[2232]	1193	!
	1194	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	1195	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	1196	!-- Start with default surface type
	1197	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
	1198	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	1199	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1200	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1201	ENDDO
[1484]	1202	!
[2232]	1203	!-- Natural surfaces
	1204	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
	1205	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	1206	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1207	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1208	ENDDO
	1209	!
	1210	!-- Urban surfaces
	1211	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
	1212	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	1213	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1214	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1215	ENDDO
	1216	!
	1217	!
[2011]	1218	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	1219	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	1220	!-- canopy.
	1221	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	1222	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	1223	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	1224	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	1225	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1226	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1227	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1228	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3022]	1229	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	1230	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
[2232]	1231	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	1232	ENDIF
	1233	ENDDO
[1721]	1234	ENDDO
	1235	ENDDO
[1484]	1236
	1237	ENDIF
	1238
[3885]	1239	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
[1484]	1240
[3685]	1241
[1826]	1242	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	1243
	1244
[2007]	1245	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1246	! Description:
	1247	! ------------
[2932]	1248	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	1249	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1250	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	1251
[2746]	1252	USE control_parameters, &
[2932]	1253	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
[2007]	1254
	1255	IMPLICIT NONE
	1256
	1257	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1258
[2932]	1259	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	1260	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1261	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1262	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	1263	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1264	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1265	lai_beta, &
	1266	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1267	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1268	plant_canopy_transpiration
[2932]	1269
[2007]	1270	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1271	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1272	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1273	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1274	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1275	lai_beta, &
	1276	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1277	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1278	plant_canopy_transpiration
[3246]	1279
[2007]	1280	line = ' '
[3246]	1281
[2007]	1282	!
	1283	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	1284	REWIND ( 11 )
	1285	line = ' '
[3248]	1286	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1287	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[2007]	1288	ENDDO
	1289	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1290
	1291	!
	1292	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1293	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
[2932]	1294
	1295	!
	1296	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1297	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
[3246]	1298
	1299	GOTO 14
	1300
	1301	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1302	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1303	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
[2932]	1304	!
	1305	!-- Try to find old namelist
[3246]	1306	12 REWIND ( 11 )
[2932]	1307	line = ' '
[3248]	1308	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1309	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
[2932]	1310	ENDDO
	1311	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1312
	1313	!
	1314	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1315	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
[2007]	1316
[2932]	1317	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
[3046]	1318	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	1319	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1320	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[3246]	1321
[2007]	1322	!
	1323	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1324	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1325
[3246]	1326	GOTO 14
[2007]	1327
[3246]	1328	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1329	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1330	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
[3246]	1331
	1332	14 CONTINUE
	1333
	1334
[2007]	1335	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1336
	1337
	1338
[1484]	1339	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1340	! Description:
	1341	! ------------
[2007]	1342	!
	1343	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1344	!>
	1345	!> num_levels
[2977]	1346	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1347	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1348	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1349	!> ...
	1350	!>
	1351	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1352	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1353	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1354	!>
	1355	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1356	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1357	!>
	1358	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1359	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1360	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1361	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1362
	1363	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	1364	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2007]	1365
[2213]	1366	USE indices, &
	1367	ONLY: nbgp
	1368
	1369	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1370
[2213]	1371	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1372	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1373	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1374	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
[3337]	1375	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1376	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1377	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
[2213]	1378
	1379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1380
[2213]	1381	!
	1382	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1383	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1384
	1385	!
	1386	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1387	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1388	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1389	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1390	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[3337]	1391	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
	1392	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
[2977]	1393	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1394
[2213]	1395	DO
[2977]	1396	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1397	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1398
	1399	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1400	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1401	!
[2977]	1402	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1403	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1404	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1405	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1406	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1407	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1408	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1409	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1410	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1411	ENDIF
[4168]	1412	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3337]	1413	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
[2977]	1414	CASE DEFAULT
	1415	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1416	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1417	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1418	END SELECT
[2213]	1419	ENDDO
[2007]	1420
[2213]	1421	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1422	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1423
[2213]	1424	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1425	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1426
	1427	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1428	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1429
	1430	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1431
	1432	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1433
	1434
	1435
	1436	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1437	! Description:
	1438	! ------------
[1682]	1439	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1440	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1441	!>
	1442	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1443	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1444	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1445	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1446	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1447	!>
	1448	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1449	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1450	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1451	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1452	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1453	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1454	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1455	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1456	!>
	1457	!>
	1458	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1459	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1460	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1461
	1462
[1320]	1463	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1464	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1465
	1466	USE kinds
	1467
[138]	1468	IMPLICIT NONE
	1469
[1682]	1470	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1471	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1472	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1473	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1474	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1475	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1476
[1682]	1477	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1478	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1479	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1480	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1481	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1482	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1483
	1484
	1485	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1486
	1487	!
[1484]	1488	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1489	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1490
	1491	!
	1492	!-- u-component
	1493	CASE ( 1 )
	1494	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1495	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1496	!
	1497	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	1498	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	1499	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1500
[2232]	1501	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1502	!
	1503	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1504	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1505	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1506	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1507	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1508	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1509	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1510	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1511	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1512	THEN
	1513	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1514	ENDIF
	1515
	1516	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1517	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1518	!
	1519	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1520	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1521	lad_local * &
	1522	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1523	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1524	v(k,j,i) + &
	1525	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1526	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1527	)**2 + &
	1528	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1529	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1530	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1531	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1532	)**2 &
	1533	) * &
	1534	u(k,j,i)
	1535
	1536	!
	1537	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1538	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1539	!
	1540	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1541	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1542	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1543	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1544	ELSE
	1545	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1546	ENDIF
	1547	!
	1548	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1549	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1550
[138]	1551	ENDDO
	1552	ENDDO
	1553	ENDDO
	1554
	1555	!
	1556	!-- v-component
	1557	CASE ( 2 )
	1558	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1559	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1560	!
	1561	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	1562	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2317]	1563
[2696]	1564	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1565
[2232]	1566	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1567	!
	1568	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1569	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1570	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1571	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1572	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1573	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1574	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1575	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1576	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1577	THEN
	1578	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1579	ENDIF
	1580
	1581	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1582	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1583	!
	1584	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1585	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1586	lad_local * &
	1587	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1588	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1589	u(k,j,i) + &
	1590	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1591	)**2 + &
	1592	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1593	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1594	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1595	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1596	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1597	)**2 &
	1598	) * &
	1599	v(k,j,i)
	1600
	1601	!
	1602	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1603	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1604	!
	1605	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1606	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1607	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1608	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1609	ELSE
	1610	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1611	ENDIF
	1612	!
	1613	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1614	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1615
[138]	1616	ENDDO
	1617	ENDDO
	1618	ENDDO
	1619
	1620	!
	1621	!-- w-component
	1622	CASE ( 3 )
	1623	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1624	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1625	!
	1626	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	1627	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	1628
[2696]	1629	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1630
[2232]	1631	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1632
[1484]	1633	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1634	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1635	!
	1636	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1637	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1638	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1639	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1640	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1641	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1642	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1643	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1644	)**2 + &
	1645	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1646	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1647	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1648	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1649	)**2 + &
	1650	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1651	) * &
	1652	w(k,j,i)
	1653	!
	1654	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1655	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1656	!
	1657	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1658	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1659	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1660	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1661	ELSE
	1662	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1663	ENDIF
	1664	!
	1665	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1666	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1667
[138]	1668	ENDDO
	1669	ENDDO
	1670	ENDDO
	1671
	1672	!
[153]	1673	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1674	CASE ( 4 )
[3449]	1675	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1676	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1677	DO j = nys, nyn
	1678	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1679	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1680	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1681	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1682	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
	1683	ENDDO
[153]	1684	ENDDO
	1685	ENDDO
[3449]	1686	ELSE
	1687	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1688	DO j = nys, nyn
	1689	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1690	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1691	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1692	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1693	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	1694	ENDDO
	1695	ENDDO
	1696	ENDDO
	1697	ENDIF
[153]	1698
	1699	!
[1960]	1700	!-- humidity
[153]	1701	CASE ( 5 )
	1702	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1703	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1704	!
	1705	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1706	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1707
[2696]	1708	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1709
	1710	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3014]	1711
[3449]	1712	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	1713	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	1714	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	1715	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	1716	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	1717	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1718	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1719	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1720	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1721	)**2 + &
	1722	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1723	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1724	)**2 + &
	1725	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1726	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1727	)**2 &
	1728	) * &
[3449]	1729	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1730	ENDIF
	1731
[3014]	1732	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1733	ENDDO
	1734	ENDDO
	1735	ENDDO
	1736
	1737	!
	1738	!-- sgs-tke
	1739	CASE ( 6 )
	1740	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1741	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1742	!
	1743	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1744	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1745
[2696]	1746	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1747
	1748	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1749	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1750	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1751	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1752	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1753	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1754	)**2 + &
	1755	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1756	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1757	)**2 + &
	1758	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1759	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1760	)**2 &
	1761	) * &
	1762	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1763	ENDDO
	1764	ENDDO
	1765	ENDDO
[1960]	1766	!
	1767	!-- scalar concentration
	1768	CASE ( 7 )
	1769	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1770	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1771	!
	1772	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1773	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1774
[2696]	1775	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1776
	1777	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1778	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1779	lsec * &
	1780	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1781	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1782	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1783	)**2 + &
	1784	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1785	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1786	)**2 + &
	1787	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1788	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1789	)**2 &
	1790	) * &
	1791	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1792	ENDDO
	1793	ENDDO
	1794	ENDDO
[1484]	1795
	1796
[1960]	1797
[138]	1798	CASE DEFAULT
	1799
[257]	1800	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1801	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1802
	1803	END SELECT
	1804
[1826]	1805	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1806
	1807
	1808	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1809	! Description:
	1810	! ------------
[1682]	1811	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1812	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1813	!>
	1814	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1815	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1816	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1817	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1818	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1819	!>
	1820	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1821	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1822	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1823	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1824	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1825	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1826	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1827	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1828	!>
	1829	!>
	1830	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1831	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1832	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1833
	1834
[1320]	1835	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1836	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1837
	1838	USE kinds
	1839
[138]	1840	IMPLICIT NONE
	1841
[1682]	1842	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1843	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1844	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1845	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1846	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1847	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1848
[1682]	1849	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1850	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1851	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1852	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1853	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1854	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1855
	1856
	1857	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1858	!
[1484]	1859	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1860	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1861
	1862	!
[142]	1863	!-- u-component
[1484]	1864	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1865	!
	1866	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	1867	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	1868	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1869
[2696]	1870	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1871
	1872	!
[1484]	1873	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1874	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1875	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1876	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1877	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1878	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1879	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1880	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1881	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1882	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1883	ENDIF
	1884
	1885	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1886	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1887	!
	1888	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1889	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1890	lad_local * &
	1891	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1892	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1893	v(k,j,i) + &
	1894	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1895	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1896	)**2 + &
	1897	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1898	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1899	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1900	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1901	)**2 &
	1902	) * &
	1903	u(k,j,i)
	1904
	1905	!
	1906	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1907	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1908	!
	1909	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1910	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1911	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1912	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1913	ELSE
	1914	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1915	ENDIF
	1916	!
	1917	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1918	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1919	ENDDO
	1920
	1921
	1922	!
[142]	1923	!-- v-component
[1484]	1924	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	1925	!
	1926	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	1927	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2317]	1928
[2696]	1929	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	1930
[2232]	1931	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1932	!
[1484]	1933	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1934	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1935	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1936	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1937	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1938	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1939	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1940	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1941	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1942	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1943	ENDIF
	1944
	1945	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1946	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1947	!
	1948	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1949	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1950	lad_local * &
	1951	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1952	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1953	u(k,j,i) + &
	1954	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1955	)**2 + &
	1956	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1957	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1958	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1959	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1960	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1961	)**2 &
	1962	) * &
	1963	v(k,j,i)
	1964
	1965	!
	1966	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1967	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1968	!
	1969	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1970	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1971	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1972	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1973	ELSE
	1974	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1975	ENDIF
	1976	!
	1977	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1978	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1979	ENDDO
	1980
	1981
	1982	!
[142]	1983	!-- w-component
[1484]	1984	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	1985	!
	1986	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	1987	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	1988
[2696]	1989	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	1990
[2232]	1991	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1992
[1484]	1993	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1994	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1995	!
[1484]	1996	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1997	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1998	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1999	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	2000	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2001	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	2002	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	2003	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	2004	)**2 + &
	2005	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2006	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	2007	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	2008	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	2009	)**2 + &
	2010	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	2011	) * &
	2012	w(k,j,i)
	2013	!
	2014	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	2015	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2016	!
	2017	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2018	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2019	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	2020	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2021	ELSE
	2022	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2023	ENDIF
	2024	!
	2025	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2026	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2027	ENDDO
	2028
	2029	!
[153]	2030	!-- potential temperature
	2031	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	2032	!
	2033	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2034	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2035
[3449]	2036	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2037	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2038	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3582]	2039	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
	2040	pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2041	ENDDO
	2042	ELSE
	2043	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2044	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2045	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	2046	ENDDO
	2047	ENDIF
[153]	2048
	2049	!
[1960]	2050	!-- humidity
[153]	2051	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	2052	!
	2053	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2054	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2055
[2696]	2056	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[3014]	2057	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3449]	2058	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	2059	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	2060	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	2061	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	2062	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	2063	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	2064	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2065	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2066	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2067	)**2 + &
	2068	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2069	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2070	)**2 + &
	2071	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2072	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2073	)**2 &
	2074	) * &
[3449]	2075	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2076	ENDIF
[2232]	2077
[3014]	2078	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
	2079
[153]	2080	ENDDO
	2081
	2082	!
[142]	2083	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	2084	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	2085	!
	2086	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2087	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2088
[2696]	2089	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2090
	2091	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	2092	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2093	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	2094	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	2095	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2096	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2097	)**2 + &
	2098	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2099	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2100	)**2 + &
	2101	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2102	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2103	)**2 &
	2104	) * &
	2105	e(k,j,i)
	2106	ENDDO
[1960]	2107
	2108	!
	2109	!-- scalar concentration
	2110	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	2111	!
	2112	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2113	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2114
[2696]	2115	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2116
	2117	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	2118	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2119	lsec * &
	2120	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2121	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2122	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2123	)**2 + &
	2124	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2125	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2126	)**2 + &
	2127	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2128	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2129	)**2 &
	2130	) * &
	2131	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2132	ENDDO
[138]	2133
[142]	2134	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	2135
[257]	2136	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	2137	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2138
[142]	2139	END SELECT
[138]	2140
[1826]	2141	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	2142
[2007]	2143
	2144
[138]	2145	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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