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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 3352

Last change on this file since 3352 was 3337, checked in by kanani, 6 years ago
reintegrate branch resler to trunk
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 76.3 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[257]	20	! Current revisions:
[2977]	21	! ------------------
[2214]	22	!
[3049]	23	!
[2214]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 3337 2018-10-12 15:17:09Z knoop $
[3337]	27	! Fix reading plant canopy over buildings
	28	!
	29	! 3294 2018-10-01 02:37:10Z raasch
[3294]	30	! ocean renamed ocean_mode
	31	!
	32	! 3274 2018-09-24 15:42:55Z knoop
[3274]	33	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
	34	!
	35	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
[3248]	36	! Minor formating changes
	37	!
	38	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
[3246]	39	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
	40	!
	41	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
[3241]	42	! unused variables removed
	43	!
	44	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
[3065]	45	! dz was replaced by the help of zw to allow for vertical stretching
	46	!
	47	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
[3049]	48	! Error messages revised
	49	!
	50	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3045]	51	! Error message revised
	52	!
	53	! 3022 2018-05-18 11:12:35Z suehring
[3022]	54	! Bugfix in allocation of transpiration rate
	55	!
	56	! 3014 2018-05-09 08:42:38Z maronga
[3014]	57	! Bugfix: nzb_do and nzt_do were not used for 3d data output
	58	! Added pc_transpiration_rate
	59	!
	60	! 2977 2018-04-17 10:27:57Z kanani
[2977]	61	! Implement changes from branch radiation (r2948-2971) with minor modifications,
	62	! plus some formatting.
	63	! (moh.hefny):
	64	! Add plant canopy type to account for changes in LAD (based on the changes
	65	! done by Resler & Pavel) and correct the error message to PALM Standard.
	66	!
	67	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z maronga
[2932]	68	! renamed canopy_par to plant_canopy_parameters
	69	!
	70	! 2920 2018-03-22 11:22:01Z kanani
[2920]	71	! Move usm_lad_rma and prototype_lad to radiation_model (moh.hefny)
	72	!
	73	! 2892 2018-03-14 15:06:29Z suehring
[2892]	74	! Bugfix, read separate ASCII LAD files for parent and child model.
	75	!
	76	! 2770 2018-01-25 15:10:09Z kanani
[2770]	77	! Correction of parameter check
	78	!
	79	! 2768 2018-01-24 15:38:29Z kanani
[2768]	80	! Added check for output quantity pcm_heatrate, some formatting
	81	!
	82	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	83	! Increased LEN of canopy mode to 30
	84	!
	85	! 2746 2018-01-15 12:06:04Z suehring
[2746]	86	! Move flag plant canopy to modules
	87	!
	88	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	89	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	90	!
	91	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	92	! Changes from last commit documented
	93	!
	94	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2701]	95	! Bugfix in get_topography_top_index
	96	!
[2716]	97	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	98	! Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	99	! Bugfix for vertical loop index pch_index in case of Netcdf input
	100	! Introduce 2D index array incorporate canopy top index
	101	! Check if canopy on top of topography do not exceed vertical dimension
	102	! Add check for canopy_mode in case of Netcdf input.
	103	! Enable _FillValue output for 3d quantities
	104	! Bugfix in reading of PIDS leaf area density (MS)
	105	!
	106	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	107	! coupling_char removed
	108	!
	109	! 2512 2017-10-04 08:26:59Z raasch
[2512]	110	! upper bounds of 3d output changed from nx+1,ny+1 to nx,ny
	111	! no output of ghost layer data
	112	!
	113	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	114	! Get topography top index via Function call
	115	!
	116	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2274]	117	! Changed error messages
	118	!
	119	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[2214]	120	!
[2233]	121	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	122	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	123	!
[2214]	124	! 2213 2017-04-24 15:10:35Z kanani
[2213]	125	! Bugfix: exchange of ghost points in array pc_heating_rate needed for output
	126	! of pcm_heatrate, onetime ghost point exchange of lad_s after initialization.
	127	! Formatting and clean-up of subroutine pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d,
	128	! minor re-organization of canopy-heating initialization.
[2008]	129	!
[2210]	130	! 2209 2017-04-19 09:34:46Z kanani
	131	! Added 3d output of leaf area density (pcm_lad) and canopy
	132	! heat rate (pcm_heatrate)
	133	!
[2025]	134	! 2024 2016-10-12 16:42:37Z kanani
	135	! Added missing lad_s initialization
	136	!
[2012]	137	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	138	! Renamed canopy_heat_flux to pc_heating_rate, since the original meaning/
	139	! calculation of the quantity has changed, related to the urban surface model
	140	! and similar future applications.
	141	!
[2008]	142	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
[2007]	143	! Added SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d for reading 3d plant canopy data
	144	! from file (new case canopy_mode=read_from_file_3d) in the course of
	145	! introduction of urban surface model,
	146	! introduced variable ext_coef,
	147	! resorted SUBROUTINEs to alphabetical order
[1827]	148	!
[2001]	149	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	150	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	151	!
[1961]	152	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	153	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
	154	!
[1954]	155	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
	156	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
	157	!
[1827]	158	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	159	! Further modularization
	160	!
[1722]	161	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
	162	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
	163	! canopy is set on top of topography
	164	!
[1683]	165	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	166	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	167	!
[1485]	168	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
[1484]	169	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
	170	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
[1826]	171	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
[1484]	172	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
	173	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	174	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
[1826]	175	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
	176	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
[1484]	177	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
	178	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
	179	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
	180	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
	181	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
	182	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
	183	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
	184	! respectively,
	185	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
	186	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
[1341]	187	!
	188	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	189	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	190	!
[1321]	191	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	192	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	193	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	194	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	195	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	196	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	197	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	198	! all variable declaration statements
[153]	199	!
[1037]	200	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	201	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	202	!
[139]	203	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	204	! Initial revision
	205	!
[138]	206	! Description:
	207	! ------------
[1682]	208	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	209	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	210	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	211	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[138]	212	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	213	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	214
[1484]	215	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	216	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	217
[1484]	218	USE indices, &
	219	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[2317]	220	nz, nzb, nzt
[1484]	221
	222	USE kinds
	223
[2317]	224	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	225	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji
[1484]	226
[2317]	227
[1484]	228	IMPLICIT NONE
	229
	230
[2766]	231	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
[1484]	232
[2696]	233	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	234	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	235
[2696]	236	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
	237
[1682]	238	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	239
[2696]	240	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	241	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	242	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	243	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	244	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	245	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	246	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	247	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	248	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	249	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	250	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2768]	251	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2696]	252	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	253
[2696]	254	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	255	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	256
[2977]	257	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	258	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	259
[1682]	260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	262
[2768]	263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
	265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
[3014]	266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
[1484]	267
	268	SAVE
	269
	270
[138]	271	PRIVATE
[1826]	272
	273	!
	274	!-- Public functions
[2209]	275	PUBLIC pcm_check_data_output, pcm_check_parameters, pcm_data_output_3d, &
	276	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	277
[1826]	278	!
	279	!-- Public variables and constants
[3014]	280	PUBLIC pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
[2920]	281	pch_index
[2007]	282
[1484]	283
[2209]	284	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	285	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	286	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	287
[1826]	288	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	289	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	290	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	291
	292	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	293	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	294	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	295
	296	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	297	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	298	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	299
	300	INTERFACE pcm_header
	301	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	302	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	303
	304	INTERFACE pcm_init
	305	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	306	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	307
[1826]	308	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	309	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	310	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	311
	312	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	313	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	314	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	315
	316	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	317	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	318	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	319	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	320
	321
[138]	322	CONTAINS
	323
[2209]	324
	325	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	326	! Description:
	327	! ------------
	328	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	329	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	330	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[1826]	331
[2209]	332
	333	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	334	ONLY: message_string, urban_surface
[2209]	335
	336	IMPLICIT NONE
	337
	338	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	339	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	340
	341
	342	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	343
	344	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	345	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	346	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	347	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	348	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	349	ENDIF
[2209]	350	unit = 'K s-1'
	351
[3014]	352	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	353	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	354
[2209]	355	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	356	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	357
	358
	359	CASE DEFAULT
	360	unit = 'illegal'
	361
	362	END SELECT
	363
	364
	365	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	366
	367
[1826]	368	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	369	! Description:
	370	! ------------
	371	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	372	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	373	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	374
[1826]	375	USE control_parameters, &
[3274]	376	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2696]	377
[3274]	378	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	379	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
	380
[2696]	381	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	382	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
[1826]	383
	384
	385	IMPLICIT NONE
	386
	387
	388	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	389	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
[3046]	390	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	391	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	392	ENDIF
	393
[3045]	394	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
[1826]	395	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	396	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	397	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	398	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	399	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	400	ENDIF
	401
	402	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	403	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	404	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	405	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	406	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	407	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	408	ENDIF
	409
	410	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	411	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	412	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	413	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	414	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	415	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	416	'density profile'
[2768]	417	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	418	ENDIF
	419
[3274]	420	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
[1826]	421	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	422	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	423	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	424	ENDIF
[2696]	425	!
	426	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
	427	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
	428	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
	429	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
	430	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	431	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
	432	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
[2768]	433	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0999', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	434	ENDIF
[1826]	435
	436
	437	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	438
	439
[138]	440	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	441	!
[1484]	442	! Description:
	443	! ------------
[2209]	444	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
	445	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	446	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	447	nzb_do, nzt_do )
	448
[2209]	449	USE indices
	450
	451	USE kinds
	452
	453
	454	IMPLICIT NONE
	455
	456	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	457
[2696]	458	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
	459	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	460	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	461	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	462	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
[3014]	463	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	464	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	465
	466	LOGICAL :: found !<
	467
[2696]	468	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
[3014]	469	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !<
[2209]	470
	471
	472	found = .TRUE.
	473
[2696]	474	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	475
	476	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	477
	478	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	479	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	480	DO i = nxl, nxr
	481	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	482	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	483	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	484	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	485	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
	486	ENDDO
	487	ENDIF
[2209]	488	ENDDO
	489	ENDDO
	490	ENDIF
[3014]	491
	492	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	493	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	494	DO i = nxl, nxr
	495	DO j = nys, nyn
	496	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	497	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
	498	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	499	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
	500	ENDDO
	501	ENDIF
	502	ENDDO
	503	ENDDO
	504	ENDIF
[2209]	505
	506	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	507	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	508	DO i = nxl, nxr
	509	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	510	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	511	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	512	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	513	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k-k_topo,j,i)
	514	ENDDO
	515	ENDIF
[2209]	516	ENDDO
	517	ENDDO
	518	ENDIF
	519
	520
	521	CASE DEFAULT
	522	found = .FALSE.
	523
	524	END SELECT
	525
	526
	527	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	528
	529	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	530	!
	531	! Description:
	532	! ------------
	533	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	534	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	535	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	536	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	537
	538	IMPLICIT NONE
	539
	540	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	541	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	542	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	543	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	544	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	545
	546	found = .TRUE.
	547
	548	!
	549	!-- Check for the grid
	550	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	551
[3014]	552	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate')
[2209]	553	grid_x = 'x'
	554	grid_y = 'y'
	555	grid_z = 'zu'
	556
	557	CASE DEFAULT
	558	found = .FALSE.
	559	grid_x = 'none'
	560	grid_y = 'none'
	561	grid_z = 'none'
	562	END SELECT
	563
	564	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	565
	566
	567	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	568	! Description:
	569	! ------------
[1826]	570	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	571	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	572	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	573
	574	USE control_parameters, &
[3065]	575	ONLY: passive_scalar
[1826]	576
	577
	578	IMPLICIT NONE
	579
	580	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	581
	582	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	583	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	584	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	585	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	586
	587	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	588	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	589	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	590
	591	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	592
[3065]	593	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1826]	594
	595	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	596	canopy_drag_coeff
	597	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	598	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	599	leaf_surface_conc
	600	ENDIF
	601
	602	!
	603	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	604	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	605
	606	!
	607	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	608	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	609	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	610
	611	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	612	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	613	gradients = '------'
	614	slices = ' 0'
	615	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	616	i = 1
	617	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	618	/= -9999 )
	619
	620	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	621	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	622	TRIM( coor_chr )
	623
	624	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	625	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	626
	627	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	628	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	629
	630	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	631	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	632
	633	i = i + 1
	634	ENDDO
	635
	636	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	637	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	638
	639	ELSE
	640
	641	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	642	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	643
	644	DO k = 1, pch_index
	645
	646	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	647	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	648	TRIM( coor_chr )
	649
	650	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	651	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	652
	653	ENDDO
	654
	655	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	656	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	657
	658	ENDIF
	659
	660	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	661	' ------------------------------'// &
	662	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	663	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	664	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	665	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	666	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	667	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	668	' K m/s')
	669	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	670	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	671	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	672	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	673	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	674	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	675	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	676	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	677	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	678	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	679	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	680
	681	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	682
	683
	684	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	685	! Description:
	686	! ------------
[1682]	687	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	688	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	689	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	690
	691
	692	USE control_parameters, &
[3294]	693	ONLY: humidity, message_string, ocean_mode, urban_surface
[1484]	694
[2696]	695	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	696	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	697
[2232]	698	USE surface_mod, &
	699	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	700
	701	IMPLICIT NONE
	702
[2007]	703	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	704	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	705	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	706	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	707
[2007]	708	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	709	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	710	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[3241]	711
[1484]	712	!
	713	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	714	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	715	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	716	lad = 0.0_wp
	717	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	718
	719	!
[1826]	720	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	721	!-- a beta probability density function
	722	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	723	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	724	ENDIF
	725
	726
	727	!
[1484]	728	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	729	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	730	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	731	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	732	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	733	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	734
	735	!
	736	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	737	i = 1
	738	gradient = 0.0_wp
	739
[3294]	740	IF ( .NOT. ocean_mode ) THEN
[1484]	741
	742	lad(0) = lad_surface
	743	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	744
	745	DO k = 1, pch_index
	746	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	747	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	748	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	749	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	750	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	751	i = i + 1
	752	ENDIF
	753	ENDIF
	754	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	755	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	756	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	757	ELSE
	758	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	759	ENDIF
	760	ELSE
	761	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	762	ENDIF
	763	ENDDO
	764
	765	ENDIF
	766
	767	!
	768	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	769	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	770	!-- file.
	771	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	772	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	773	ENDIF
	774
	775	ELSE
	776
	777	!
	778	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	779	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
[3065]	780	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1484]	781
[2232]	782	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	783	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	784	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	785	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	786	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	787	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	788	ENDDO
	789
	790	!
	791	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	792	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	793	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	794	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	795	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	796	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	797	) / canopy_height
[1484]	798	ENDDO
	799
	800	!
	801	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	802	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	803	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	804	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	805	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	806	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	807	ENDDO
	808
	809	ENDIF
	810
	811	!
[2213]	812	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	813	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	814
	815	!
	816	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	817	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	818	!-- with the prescribed values
	819	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	820	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	821	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	822
	823	!
	824	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	825	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	826	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	827	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	828
	829	CASE( 'block' )
	830
	831	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	832	DO j = nysg, nyng
	833	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	834	ENDDO
	835	ENDDO
	836
[2007]	837	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	838	!
[2696]	839	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	840	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	841	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	842	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	843	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	844	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	845	!
	846	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	847	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	848	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	849
	850	DO i = nxl, nxr
	851	DO j = nys, nyn
	852	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	853	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	854	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
	855	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	856	ENDDO
	857	ENDDO
	858	ENDDO
	859	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	860	!
	861	! ASCII file
[2007]	862	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	863	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	864	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	865	!-- each location).
[2696]	866	ELSE
	867	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	868	ENDIF
[2007]	869
[1484]	870	CASE DEFAULT
	871	!
[2007]	872	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	873	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	874	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	875	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	876	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	877	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	878
	879	END SELECT
[2696]	880	!
	881	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	882	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	883	pch_index_ji = 0
[1484]	884
[2696]	885	DO i = nxl, nxr
	886	DO j = nys, nyn
	887	DO k = 0, pch_index
	888	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	889	ENDDO
[1484]	890	!
[2696]	891	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	892	!-- height of the model domain.
[2698]	893	k = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	894	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	895	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	896	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
	897	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0999', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	898	ENDIF
	899
	900	ENDDO
	901	ENDDO
	902
	903	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
	904
	905	!
[2011]	906	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	907	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	908	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	909	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	910	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	911	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	912	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	913	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	914	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	915	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	916	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
	917	!-- When using the urban surface model (USM), canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	918	!-- by radiation is calculated in the USM.
[2768]	919	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2213]	920
	921	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
[3022]	922	pc_heating_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	923	!
[2011]	924	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	925	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	926	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	927	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	928	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	929	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	930	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	931	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	932	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	933	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	934	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	935	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	936	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	937	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	938	ELSE
	939	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	940	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	941	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	942	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	943	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	944	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	945	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	946	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	947	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	948	ENDIF
	949	ENDDO
	950	ENDDO
	951	ENDDO
	952
[2232]	953	!
	954	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	955	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	956	!-- Start with default surface type
	957	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
	958	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	959	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	960	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	961	ENDDO
[1484]	962	!
[2232]	963	!-- Natural surfaces
	964	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
	965	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	966	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	967	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	968	ENDDO
	969	!
	970	!-- Urban surfaces
	971	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
	972	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	973	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	974	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	975	ENDDO
	976	!
	977	!
[2011]	978	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	979	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	980	!-- canopy.
	981	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	982	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	983	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	984	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	985	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	986	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	987	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	988	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3022]	989	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	990	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
[2232]	991	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	992	ENDIF
	993	ENDDO
[1721]	994	ENDDO
	995	ENDDO
[1484]	996
	997	ENDIF
[3022]	998	!
	999	!-- Allocate transpiration rate
	1000	IF ( humidity ) &
	1001	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	1002
	1003
	1004
[1826]	1005	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	1006
	1007
[2007]	1008	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1009	! Description:
	1010	! ------------
[2932]	1011	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	1012	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1013	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	1014
[2746]	1015	USE control_parameters, &
[2932]	1016	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
[2007]	1017
	1018	IMPLICIT NONE
	1019
	1020	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1021
[2932]	1022	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	1023	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1024	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1025	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	1026	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1027	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1028	lai_beta, &
	1029	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	1030	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
	1031
[2007]	1032	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1033	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1034	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1035	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1036	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1037	lai_beta, &
	1038	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	1039	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
[3246]	1040
[2007]	1041	line = ' '
[3246]	1042
[2007]	1043	!
	1044	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	1045	REWIND ( 11 )
	1046	line = ' '
[3248]	1047	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1048	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[2007]	1049	ENDDO
	1050	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1051
	1052	!
	1053	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1054	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
[2932]	1055
	1056	!
	1057	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1058	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
[3246]	1059
	1060	GOTO 14
	1061
	1062	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1063	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1064	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
[2932]	1065	!
	1066	!-- Try to find old namelist
[3246]	1067	12 REWIND ( 11 )
[2932]	1068	line = ' '
[3248]	1069	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1070	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
[2932]	1071	ENDDO
	1072	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1073
	1074	!
	1075	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1076	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
[2007]	1077
[2932]	1078	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
[3046]	1079	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	1080	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1081	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[3246]	1082
[2007]	1083	!
	1084	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1085	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1086
[3246]	1087	GOTO 14
[2007]	1088
[3246]	1089	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1090	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1091	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
[3246]	1092
	1093	14 CONTINUE
	1094
	1095
[2007]	1096	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1097
	1098
	1099
[1484]	1100	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1101	! Description:
	1102	! ------------
[2007]	1103	!
	1104	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1105	!>
	1106	!> num_levels
[2977]	1107	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1108	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1109	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1110	!> ...
	1111	!>
	1112	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1113	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1114	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1115	!>
	1116	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1117	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1118	!>
	1119	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1120	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1121	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1122	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1123
	1124	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	1125	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2007]	1126
[2213]	1127	USE indices, &
	1128	ONLY: nbgp
	1129
	1130	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1131
[2213]	1132	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1133	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1134	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1135	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
[3337]	1136	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1137	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1138	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
[2213]	1139
	1140	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1141
[2213]	1142	!
	1143	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1144	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1145
	1146	!
	1147	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1148	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1149	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1150	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1151	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[3337]	1152	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
	1153	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
[2977]	1154	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1155
[2213]	1156	DO
[2977]	1157	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1158	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1159
	1160	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1161	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1162	!
[2977]	1163	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1164	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1165	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1166	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1167	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1168	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1169	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1170	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1171	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1172	ENDIF
[3337]	1173	kk = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
	1174	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
[2977]	1175	CASE DEFAULT
	1176	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1177	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1178	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1179	END SELECT
[2213]	1180	ENDDO
[2007]	1181
[2213]	1182	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1183	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1184
[2213]	1185	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1186	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1187
	1188	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1189	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1190
	1191	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1192
	1193	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1194
	1195
	1196
	1197	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1198	! Description:
	1199	! ------------
[1682]	1200	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1201	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1202	!>
	1203	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1204	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1205	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1206	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1207	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1208	!>
	1209	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1210	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1211	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1212	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1213	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1214	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1215	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1216	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1217	!>
	1218	!>
	1219	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1220	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1221	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1222
	1223
[1320]	1224	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1225	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1226
	1227	USE kinds
	1228
[138]	1229	IMPLICIT NONE
	1230
[1682]	1231	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1232	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1233	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1234	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1235	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1236	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1237
[1682]	1238	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1239	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1240	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1241	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1242	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1243	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1244
	1245
	1246	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1247
	1248	!
[1484]	1249	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1250	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1251
	1252	!
	1253	!-- u-component
	1254	CASE ( 1 )
	1255	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1256	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1257	!
	1258	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1259	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1260	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1261
[2232]	1262	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1263	!
	1264	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1265	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1266	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1267	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1268	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1269	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1270	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1271	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1272	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1273	THEN
	1274	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1275	ENDIF
	1276
	1277	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1278	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1279	!
	1280	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1281	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1282	lad_local * &
	1283	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1284	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1285	v(k,j,i) + &
	1286	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1287	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1288	)**2 + &
	1289	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1290	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1291	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1292	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1293	)**2 &
	1294	) * &
	1295	u(k,j,i)
	1296
	1297	!
	1298	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1299	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1300	!
	1301	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1302	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1303	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1304	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1305	ELSE
	1306	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1307	ENDIF
	1308	!
	1309	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1310	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1311
[138]	1312	ENDDO
	1313	ENDDO
	1314	ENDDO
	1315
	1316	!
	1317	!-- v-component
	1318	CASE ( 2 )
	1319	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1320	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1321	!
	1322	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1323	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1324
[2696]	1325	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1326
[2232]	1327	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1328	!
	1329	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1330	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1331	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1332	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1333	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1334	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1335	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1336	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1337	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1338	THEN
	1339	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1340	ENDIF
	1341
	1342	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1343	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1344	!
	1345	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1346	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1347	lad_local * &
	1348	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1349	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1350	u(k,j,i) + &
	1351	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1352	)**2 + &
	1353	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1354	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1355	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1356	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1357	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1358	)**2 &
	1359	) * &
	1360	v(k,j,i)
	1361
	1362	!
	1363	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1364	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1365	!
	1366	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1367	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1368	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1369	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1370	ELSE
	1371	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1372	ENDIF
	1373	!
	1374	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1375	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1376
[138]	1377	ENDDO
	1378	ENDDO
	1379	ENDDO
	1380
	1381	!
	1382	!-- w-component
	1383	CASE ( 3 )
	1384	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1385	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1386	!
	1387	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1388	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1389
[2696]	1390	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1391
[2232]	1392	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1393
[1484]	1394	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1395	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1396	!
	1397	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1398	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1399	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1400	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1401	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1402	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1403	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1404	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1405	)**2 + &
	1406	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1407	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1408	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1409	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1410	)**2 + &
	1411	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1412	) * &
	1413	w(k,j,i)
	1414	!
	1415	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1416	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1417	!
	1418	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1419	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1420	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1421	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1422	ELSE
	1423	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1424	ENDIF
	1425	!
	1426	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1427	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1428
[138]	1429	ENDDO
	1430	ENDDO
	1431	ENDDO
	1432
	1433	!
[153]	1434	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1435	CASE ( 4 )
	1436	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1437	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1438	!
	1439	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1440	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1441
[2696]	1442	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1443
	1444	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1445	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1446	ENDDO
	1447	ENDDO
	1448	ENDDO
	1449
	1450	!
[1960]	1451	!-- humidity
[153]	1452	CASE ( 5 )
	1453	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1454	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1455	!
	1456	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1457	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1458
[2696]	1459	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1460
	1461	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3014]	1462	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1463	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1464	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1465	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1466	)**2 + &
	1467	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1468	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1469	)**2 + &
	1470	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1471	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1472	)**2 &
	1473	) * &
	1474	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[3014]	1475
	1476	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1477	ENDDO
	1478	ENDDO
	1479	ENDDO
	1480
	1481	!
	1482	!-- sgs-tke
	1483	CASE ( 6 )
	1484	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1485	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1486	!
	1487	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1488	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1489
[2696]	1490	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1491
	1492	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1493	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1494	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1495	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1496	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1497	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1498	)**2 + &
	1499	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1500	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1501	)**2 + &
	1502	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1503	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1504	)**2 &
	1505	) * &
	1506	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1507	ENDDO
	1508	ENDDO
	1509	ENDDO
[1960]	1510	!
	1511	!-- scalar concentration
	1512	CASE ( 7 )
	1513	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1514	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1515	!
	1516	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1517	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1518
[2696]	1519	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1520
	1521	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1522	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1523	lsec * &
	1524	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1525	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1526	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1527	)**2 + &
	1528	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1529	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1530	)**2 + &
	1531	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1532	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1533	)**2 &
	1534	) * &
	1535	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1536	ENDDO
	1537	ENDDO
	1538	ENDDO
[1484]	1539
	1540
[1960]	1541
[138]	1542	CASE DEFAULT
	1543
[257]	1544	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1545	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1546
	1547	END SELECT
	1548
[1826]	1549	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1550
	1551
	1552	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1553	! Description:
	1554	! ------------
[1682]	1555	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1556	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1557	!>
	1558	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1559	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1560	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1561	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1562	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1563	!>
	1564	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1565	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1566	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1567	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1568	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1569	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1570	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1571	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1572	!>
	1573	!>
	1574	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1575	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1576	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1577
	1578
[1320]	1579	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1580	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1581
	1582	USE kinds
	1583
[138]	1584	IMPLICIT NONE
	1585
[1682]	1586	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1587	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1588	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1589	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1590	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1591	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1592
[1682]	1593	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1594	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1595	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1596	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1597	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1598	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1599
	1600
	1601	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1602	!
[1484]	1603	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1604	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1605
	1606	!
[142]	1607	!-- u-component
[1484]	1608	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1609	!
	1610	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1611	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1612	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1613
[2696]	1614	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1615
	1616	!
[1484]	1617	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1618	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1619	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1620	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1621	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1622	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1623	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1624	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1625	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1626	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1627	ENDIF
	1628
	1629	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1630	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1631	!
	1632	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1633	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1634	lad_local * &
	1635	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1636	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1637	v(k,j,i) + &
	1638	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1639	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1640	)**2 + &
	1641	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1642	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1643	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1644	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1645	)**2 &
	1646	) * &
	1647	u(k,j,i)
	1648
	1649	!
	1650	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1651	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1652	!
	1653	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1654	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1655	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1656	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1657	ELSE
	1658	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1659	ENDIF
	1660	!
	1661	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1662	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1663	ENDDO
	1664
	1665
	1666	!
[142]	1667	!-- v-component
[1484]	1668	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	1669	!
	1670	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1671	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1672
[2696]	1673	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	1674
[2232]	1675	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1676	!
[1484]	1677	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1678	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1679	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1680	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1681	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1682	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1683	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1684	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1685	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1686	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1687	ENDIF
	1688
	1689	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1690	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1691	!
	1692	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1693	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1694	lad_local * &
	1695	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1696	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1697	u(k,j,i) + &
	1698	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1699	)**2 + &
	1700	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1701	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1702	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1703	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1704	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1705	)**2 &
	1706	) * &
	1707	v(k,j,i)
	1708
	1709	!
	1710	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1711	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1712	!
	1713	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1714	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1715	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1716	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1717	ELSE
	1718	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1719	ENDIF
	1720	!
	1721	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1722	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1723	ENDDO
	1724
	1725
	1726	!
[142]	1727	!-- w-component
[1484]	1728	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	1729	!
	1730	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1731	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1732
[2696]	1733	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	1734
[2232]	1735	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1736
[1484]	1737	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1738	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1739	!
[1484]	1740	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1741	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1742	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1743	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1744	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1745	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1746	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1747	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1748	)**2 + &
	1749	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1750	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1751	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1752	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1753	)**2 + &
	1754	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1755	) * &
	1756	w(k,j,i)
	1757	!
	1758	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1759	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1760	!
	1761	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1762	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1763	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1764	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1765	ELSE
	1766	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1767	ENDIF
	1768	!
	1769	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1770	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1771	ENDDO
	1772
	1773	!
[153]	1774	!-- potential temperature
	1775	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	1776	!
	1777	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1778	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1779
[2696]	1780	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1781	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1782	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1783	ENDDO
	1784
	1785
	1786	!
[1960]	1787	!-- humidity
[153]	1788	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	1789	!
	1790	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1791	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1792
[2696]	1793	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[3014]	1794	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2232]	1795
[3014]	1796	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1797	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1798	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1799	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1800	)**2 + &
	1801	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1802	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1803	)**2 + &
	1804	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1805	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1806	)**2 &
	1807	) * &
	1808	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[3014]	1809
	1810	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
	1811
[153]	1812	ENDDO
	1813
	1814	!
[142]	1815	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	1816	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	1817	!
	1818	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1819	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1820
[2696]	1821	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1822
	1823	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	1824	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1825	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1826	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1827	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1828	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1829	)**2 + &
	1830	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1831	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1832	)**2 + &
	1833	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1834	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1835	)**2 &
	1836	) * &
	1837	e(k,j,i)
	1838	ENDDO
[1960]	1839
	1840	!
	1841	!-- scalar concentration
	1842	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	1843	!
	1844	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1845	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1846
[2696]	1847	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1848
	1849	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	1850	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1851	lsec * &
	1852	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1853	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1854	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1855	)**2 + &
	1856	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1857	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1858	)**2 + &
	1859	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1860	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1861	)**2 &
	1862	) * &
	1863	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1864	ENDDO
[138]	1865
[142]	1866	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	1867
[257]	1868	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1869	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1870
[142]	1871	END SELECT
[138]	1872
[1826]	1873	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	1874
[2007]	1875
	1876
[138]	1877	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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