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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 3039

Last change on this file since 3039 was 3022, checked in by suehring, 7 years ago
Revise recent bugfix in nested runs at left and south boundary; bugfix in advection of u in case of OpenMP parallelization; bugfix in plant transpiration
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 75.4 KB

Rev	Line
[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[257]	20	! Current revisions:
[2977]	21	! ------------------
[2214]	22	!
[2701]	23	!
[2214]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 3022 2018-05-18 11:12:35Z schwenkel $
[3022]	27	! Bugfix in allocation of transpiration rate
	28	!
	29	! 3014 2018-05-09 08:42:38Z maronga
[3014]	30	! Bugfix: nzb_do and nzt_do were not used for 3d data output
	31	! Added pc_transpiration_rate
	32	!
	33	! 2977 2018-04-17 10:27:57Z kanani
[2977]	34	! Implement changes from branch radiation (r2948-2971) with minor modifications,
	35	! plus some formatting.
	36	! (moh.hefny):
	37	! Add plant canopy type to account for changes in LAD (based on the changes
	38	! done by Resler & Pavel) and correct the error message to PALM Standard.
	39	!
	40	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z maronga
[2932]	41	! renamed canopy_par to plant_canopy_parameters
	42	!
	43	! 2920 2018-03-22 11:22:01Z kanani
[2920]	44	! Move usm_lad_rma and prototype_lad to radiation_model (moh.hefny)
	45	!
	46	! 2892 2018-03-14 15:06:29Z suehring
[2892]	47	! Bugfix, read separate ASCII LAD files for parent and child model.
	48	!
	49	! 2770 2018-01-25 15:10:09Z kanani
[2770]	50	! Correction of parameter check
	51	!
	52	! 2768 2018-01-24 15:38:29Z kanani
[2768]	53	! Added check for output quantity pcm_heatrate, some formatting
	54	!
	55	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	56	! Increased LEN of canopy mode to 30
	57	!
	58	! 2746 2018-01-15 12:06:04Z suehring
[2746]	59	! Move flag plant canopy to modules
	60	!
	61	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	62	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	63	!
	64	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	65	! Changes from last commit documented
	66	!
	67	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2701]	68	! Bugfix in get_topography_top_index
	69	!
[2716]	70	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	71	! Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	72	! Bugfix for vertical loop index pch_index in case of Netcdf input
	73	! Introduce 2D index array incorporate canopy top index
	74	! Check if canopy on top of topography do not exceed vertical dimension
	75	! Add check for canopy_mode in case of Netcdf input.
	76	! Enable _FillValue output for 3d quantities
	77	! Bugfix in reading of PIDS leaf area density (MS)
	78	!
	79	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	80	! coupling_char removed
	81	!
	82	! 2512 2017-10-04 08:26:59Z raasch
[2512]	83	! upper bounds of 3d output changed from nx+1,ny+1 to nx,ny
	84	! no output of ghost layer data
	85	!
	86	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	87	! Get topography top index via Function call
	88	!
	89	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2274]	90	! Changed error messages
	91	!
	92	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[2214]	93	!
[2233]	94	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	95	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	96	!
[2214]	97	! 2213 2017-04-24 15:10:35Z kanani
[2213]	98	! Bugfix: exchange of ghost points in array pc_heating_rate needed for output
	99	! of pcm_heatrate, onetime ghost point exchange of lad_s after initialization.
	100	! Formatting and clean-up of subroutine pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d,
	101	! minor re-organization of canopy-heating initialization.
[2008]	102	!
[2210]	103	! 2209 2017-04-19 09:34:46Z kanani
	104	! Added 3d output of leaf area density (pcm_lad) and canopy
	105	! heat rate (pcm_heatrate)
	106	!
[2025]	107	! 2024 2016-10-12 16:42:37Z kanani
	108	! Added missing lad_s initialization
	109	!
[2012]	110	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	111	! Renamed canopy_heat_flux to pc_heating_rate, since the original meaning/
	112	! calculation of the quantity has changed, related to the urban surface model
	113	! and similar future applications.
	114	!
[2008]	115	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
[2007]	116	! Added SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d for reading 3d plant canopy data
	117	! from file (new case canopy_mode=read_from_file_3d) in the course of
	118	! introduction of urban surface model,
	119	! introduced variable ext_coef,
	120	! resorted SUBROUTINEs to alphabetical order
[1827]	121	!
[2001]	122	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	123	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	124	!
[1961]	125	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	126	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
	127	!
[1954]	128	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
	129	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
	130	!
[1827]	131	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	132	! Further modularization
	133	!
[1722]	134	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
	135	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
	136	! canopy is set on top of topography
	137	!
[1683]	138	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	139	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	140	!
[1485]	141	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
[1484]	142	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
	143	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
[1826]	144	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
[1484]	145	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
	146	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	147	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
[1826]	148	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
	149	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
[1484]	150	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
	151	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
	152	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
	153	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
	154	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
	155	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
	156	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
	157	! respectively,
	158	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
	159	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
[1341]	160	!
	161	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	162	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	163	!
[1321]	164	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	165	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	166	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	167	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	168	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	169	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	170	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	171	! all variable declaration statements
[153]	172	!
[1037]	173	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	174	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	175	!
[139]	176	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	177	! Initial revision
	178	!
[138]	179	! Description:
	180	! ------------
[1682]	181	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	182	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	183	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	184	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[138]	185	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	186	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	187
[1484]	188	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	189	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	190
[1484]	191	USE indices, &
	192	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[2317]	193	nz, nzb, nzt
[1484]	194
	195	USE kinds
	196
[2317]	197	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	198	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji
[1484]	199
[2317]	200
[1484]	201	IMPLICIT NONE
	202
	203
[2766]	204	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
[1484]	205
[2696]	206	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	207	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	208
[2696]	209	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
	210
[1682]	211	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	212
[2696]	213	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	214	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	215	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	216	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	217	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	218	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	219	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	220	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	221	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	222	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	223	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2768]	224	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2696]	225	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	226
[2696]	227	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	228	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	229
[2977]	230	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	231	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	232
[1682]	233	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	234	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	235
[2768]	236	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	237	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
	238	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
[3014]	239	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
[1484]	240
	241	SAVE
	242
	243
[138]	244	PRIVATE
[1826]	245
	246	!
	247	!-- Public functions
[2209]	248	PUBLIC pcm_check_data_output, pcm_check_parameters, pcm_data_output_3d, &
	249	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	250
[1826]	251	!
	252	!-- Public variables and constants
[3014]	253	PUBLIC pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
[2920]	254	pch_index
[2007]	255
[1484]	256
[2209]	257	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	258	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	259	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	260
[1826]	261	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	262	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	263	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	264
	265	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	266	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	267	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	268
	269	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	270	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	271	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	272
	273	INTERFACE pcm_header
	274	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	275	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	276
	277	INTERFACE pcm_init
	278	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	279	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	280
[1826]	281	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	282	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	283	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	284
	285	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	286	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	287	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	288
	289	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	290	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	291	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	292	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	293
	294
[138]	295	CONTAINS
	296
[2209]	297
	298	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	299	! Description:
	300	! ------------
	301	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	302	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	303	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[1826]	304
[2209]	305
	306	USE control_parameters, &
[2770]	307	ONLY: data_output, message_string, urban_surface
[2209]	308
	309	IMPLICIT NONE
	310
	311	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	312	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	313
	314
	315	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	316
	317	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	318	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	319	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	320	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	321	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	322	ENDIF
[2209]	323	unit = 'K s-1'
	324
[3014]	325	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	326	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	327
[2209]	328	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	329	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	330
	331
	332	CASE DEFAULT
	333	unit = 'illegal'
	334
	335	END SELECT
	336
	337
	338	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	339
	340
[1826]	341	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	342	! Description:
	343	! ------------
	344	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	345	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	346	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	347
[1826]	348	USE control_parameters, &
[2696]	349	ONLY: cloud_physics, coupling_char, message_string, &
	350	microphysics_seifert
	351
	352	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	353	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
[1826]	354
	355
	356	IMPLICIT NONE
	357
	358
	359	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	360	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
	361	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	362	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	363	ENDIF
	364
	365	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
	366	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	367	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	368	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	369	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	370	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	371	ENDIF
	372
	373	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	374	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	375	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	376	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	377	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	378	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	379	ENDIF
	380
	381	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	382	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	383	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	384	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	385	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	386	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	387	'density profile'
[2768]	388	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	389	ENDIF
	390
	391	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
	392	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	393	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	394	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	395	ENDIF
[2696]	396	!
	397	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
	398	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
	399	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
	400	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
	401	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	402	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
	403	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
[2768]	404	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0999', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	405	ENDIF
[1826]	406
	407
	408	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	409
	410
[138]	411	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	412	!
[1484]	413	! Description:
	414	! ------------
[2209]	415	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
	416	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	417	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	418	nzb_do, nzt_do )
	419
[2209]	420	USE indices
	421
	422	USE kinds
	423
	424
	425	IMPLICIT NONE
	426
	427	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	428
[2696]	429	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
	430	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	431	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	432	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	433	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
[3014]	434	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	435	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	436
	437	LOGICAL :: found !<
	438
[2696]	439	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
[3014]	440	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !<
[2209]	441
	442
	443	found = .TRUE.
	444
[2696]	445	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	446
	447	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	448
	449	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	450	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	451	DO i = nxl, nxr
	452	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	453	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	454	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	455	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	456	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
	457	ENDDO
	458	ENDIF
[2209]	459	ENDDO
	460	ENDDO
	461	ENDIF
[3014]	462
	463	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	464	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	465	DO i = nxl, nxr
	466	DO j = nys, nyn
	467	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	468	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
	469	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	470	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
	471	ENDDO
	472	ENDIF
	473	ENDDO
	474	ENDDO
	475	ENDIF
[2209]	476
	477	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	478	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	479	DO i = nxl, nxr
	480	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	481	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	482	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	483	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	484	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k-k_topo,j,i)
	485	ENDDO
	486	ENDIF
[2209]	487	ENDDO
	488	ENDDO
	489	ENDIF
	490
	491
	492	CASE DEFAULT
	493	found = .FALSE.
	494
	495	END SELECT
	496
	497
	498	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	499
	500	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	501	!
	502	! Description:
	503	! ------------
	504	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	505	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	506	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	507	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	508
	509	IMPLICIT NONE
	510
	511	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	512	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	513	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	514	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	515	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	516
	517	found = .TRUE.
	518
	519	!
	520	!-- Check for the grid
	521	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	522
[3014]	523	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate')
[2209]	524	grid_x = 'x'
	525	grid_y = 'y'
	526	grid_z = 'zu'
	527
	528	CASE DEFAULT
	529	found = .FALSE.
	530	grid_x = 'none'
	531	grid_y = 'none'
	532	grid_z = 'none'
	533	END SELECT
	534
	535	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	536
	537
	538	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	539	! Description:
	540	! ------------
[1826]	541	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	542	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	543	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	544
	545	USE control_parameters, &
	546	ONLY: dz, passive_scalar
	547
	548
	549	IMPLICIT NONE
	550
	551	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	552
	553	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	554	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	555	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	556	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	557
	558	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	559	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	560	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	561
	562	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	563
	564	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	565
	566	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	567	canopy_drag_coeff
	568	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	569	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	570	leaf_surface_conc
	571	ENDIF
	572
	573	!
	574	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	575	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	576
	577	!
	578	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	579	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	580	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	581
	582	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	583	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	584	gradients = '------'
	585	slices = ' 0'
	586	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	587	i = 1
	588	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	589	/= -9999 )
	590
	591	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	592	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	593	TRIM( coor_chr )
	594
	595	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	596	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	597
	598	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	599	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	600
	601	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	602	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	603
	604	i = i + 1
	605	ENDDO
	606
	607	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	608	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	609
	610	ELSE
	611
	612	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	613	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	614
	615	DO k = 1, pch_index
	616
	617	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	618	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	619	TRIM( coor_chr )
	620
	621	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	622	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	623
	624	ENDDO
	625
	626	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	627	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	628
	629	ENDIF
	630
	631	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	632	' ------------------------------'// &
	633	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	634	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	635	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	636	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	637	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	638	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	639	' K m/s')
	640	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	641	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	642	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	643	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	644	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	645	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	646	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	647	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	648	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	649	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	650	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	651
	652	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	653
	654
	655	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	656	! Description:
	657	! ------------
[1682]	658	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	659	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	660	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	661
	662
	663	USE control_parameters, &
[2669]	664	ONLY: dz, humidity, io_blocks, io_group, message_string, ocean, &
	665	passive_scalar, urban_surface
[1484]	666
[2696]	667	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	668	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	669
[2232]	670	USE surface_mod, &
	671	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	672
	673	IMPLICIT NONE
	674
[2007]	675	CHARACTER(10) :: pct
	676
	677	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	678	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< index
	679	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	680	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	681	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	682
[2007]	683	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	684	REAL(wp) :: dzh !< vertical grid spacing in units of canopy height
	685	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	686	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
	687	REAL(wp) :: pcv(nzb:nzt+1) !<
	688
[1484]	689	!
	690	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	691	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	692	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	693	lad = 0.0_wp
	694	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	695
	696	!
[1826]	697	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	698	!-- a beta probability density function
	699	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	700	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	701	ENDIF
	702
	703
	704	!
[1484]	705	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	706	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	707	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	708	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	709	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	710	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	711
	712	!
	713	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	714	i = 1
	715	gradient = 0.0_wp
	716
	717	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
	718
	719	lad(0) = lad_surface
	720	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	721
	722	DO k = 1, pch_index
	723	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	724	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	725	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	726	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	727	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	728	i = i + 1
	729	ENDIF
	730	ENDIF
	731	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	732	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	733	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	734	ELSE
	735	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	736	ENDIF
	737	ELSE
	738	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	739	ENDIF
	740	ENDDO
	741
	742	ENDIF
	743
	744	!
	745	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	746	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	747	!-- file.
	748	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	749	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	750	ENDIF
	751
	752	ELSE
	753
	754	!
	755	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	756	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
	757	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	758
[2232]	759	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	760	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	761	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	762	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	763	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	764	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	765	ENDDO
	766
	767	!
	768	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	769	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	770	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	771	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	772	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	773	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	774	) / canopy_height
[1484]	775	ENDDO
	776
	777	!
	778	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	779	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	780	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	781	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	782	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	783	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	784	ENDDO
	785
	786	ENDIF
	787
	788	!
[2213]	789	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	790	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	791
	792	!
	793	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	794	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	795	!-- with the prescribed values
	796	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	797	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	798	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	799
	800	!
	801	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	802	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	803	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	804	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	805
	806	CASE( 'block' )
	807
	808	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	809	DO j = nysg, nyng
	810	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	811	ENDDO
	812	ENDDO
	813
[2007]	814	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	815	!
[2696]	816	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	817	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	818	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	819	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	820	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	821	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	822	!
	823	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	824	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	825	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	826
	827	DO i = nxl, nxr
	828	DO j = nys, nyn
	829	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	830	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	831	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
	832	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	833	ENDDO
	834	ENDDO
	835	ENDDO
	836	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	837	!
	838	! ASCII file
[2007]	839	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	840	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	841	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	842	!-- each location).
[2696]	843	ELSE
	844	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	845	ENDIF
[2007]	846
[1484]	847	CASE DEFAULT
	848	!
[2007]	849	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	850	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	851	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	852	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	853	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	854	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	855
	856	END SELECT
[2696]	857	!
	858	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	859	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	860	pch_index_ji = 0
[1484]	861
[2696]	862	DO i = nxl, nxr
	863	DO j = nys, nyn
	864	DO k = 0, pch_index
	865	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	866	ENDDO
[1484]	867	!
[2696]	868	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	869	!-- height of the model domain.
[2698]	870	k = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	871	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	872	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	873	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
	874	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0999', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	875	ENDIF
	876
	877	ENDDO
	878	ENDDO
	879
	880	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
	881
	882	!
[2011]	883	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	884	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	885	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	886	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	887	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	888	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	889	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	890	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	891	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	892	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	893	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
	894	!-- When using the urban surface model (USM), canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	895	!-- by radiation is calculated in the USM.
[2768]	896	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2213]	897
	898	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
[3022]	899	pc_heating_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	900	!
[2011]	901	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	902	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	903	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	904	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	905	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	906	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	907	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	908	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	909	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	910	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	911	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	912	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	913	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	914	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	915	ELSE
	916	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	917	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	918	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	919	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	920	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	921	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	922	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	923	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	924	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	925	ENDIF
	926	ENDDO
	927	ENDDO
	928	ENDDO
	929
[2232]	930	!
	931	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	932	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	933	!-- Start with default surface type
	934	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
	935	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	936	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	937	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	938	ENDDO
[1484]	939	!
[2232]	940	!-- Natural surfaces
	941	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
	942	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	943	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	944	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	945	ENDDO
	946	!
	947	!-- Urban surfaces
	948	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
	949	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	950	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	951	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	952	ENDDO
	953	!
	954	!
[2011]	955	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	956	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	957	!-- canopy.
	958	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	959	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	960	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	961	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	962	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	963	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	964	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	965	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3022]	966	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	967	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
[2232]	968	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	969	ENDIF
	970	ENDDO
[1721]	971	ENDDO
	972	ENDDO
[1484]	973
	974	ENDIF
[3022]	975	!
	976	!-- Allocate transpiration rate
	977	IF ( humidity ) &
	978	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	979
	980
	981
[1826]	982	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	983
	984
[2007]	985	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	986	! Description:
	987	! ------------
[2932]	988	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	989	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	990	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	991
[2746]	992	USE control_parameters, &
[2932]	993	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
[2007]	994
	995	IMPLICIT NONE
	996
	997	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	998
[2932]	999	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	1000	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1001	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1002	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	1003	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1004	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1005	lai_beta, &
	1006	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	1007	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
	1008
[2007]	1009	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1010	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1011	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1012	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1013	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1014	lai_beta, &
	1015	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	1016	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
[2932]	1017
[2007]	1018	line = ' '
	1019
	1020	!
	1021	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	1022	REWIND ( 11 )
	1023	line = ' '
[2932]	1024	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[2007]	1025	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	1026	ENDDO
	1027	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1028
	1029	!
	1030	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[2932]	1031	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters )
	1032
	1033	!
	1034	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1035	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1036
	1037	GOTO 12
	1038	!
	1039	!-- Try to find old namelist
	1040	10 REWIND ( 11 )
	1041	line = ' '
	1042	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
	1043	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
	1044	ENDDO
	1045	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1046
	1047	!
	1048	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[2007]	1049	READ ( 11, canopy_par )
	1050
[2932]	1051	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
	1052	'removed in near future. Please &use namelist ' // &
	1053	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1054	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
	1055
[2007]	1056	!
	1057	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1058	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1059
[2932]	1060	12 CONTINUE
[2007]	1061
	1062
	1063	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1064
	1065
	1066
[1484]	1067	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1068	! Description:
	1069	! ------------
[2007]	1070	!
	1071	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1072	!>
	1073	!> num_levels
[2977]	1074	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1075	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1076	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1077	!> ...
	1078	!>
	1079	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1080	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1081	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1082	!>
	1083	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1084	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1085	!>
	1086	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1087	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1088	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1089	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1090
	1091	USE control_parameters, &
[2892]	1092	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string, passive_scalar
[2007]	1093
[2213]	1094	USE indices, &
	1095	ONLY: nbgp
	1096
	1097	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1098
[2213]	1099	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1100	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1101	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1102	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
	1103	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1104	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1105
	1106	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1107
[2213]	1108	!
	1109	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1110	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1111
	1112	!
	1113	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1114	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1115	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1116	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1117	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[2213]	1118
[2977]	1119	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1120
[2213]	1121	DO
[2977]	1122	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1123	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1124
	1125	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1126	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1127	!
[2977]	1128	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1129	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1130	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1131	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1132	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1133	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1134	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1135	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1136	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1137	ENDIF
	1138	lad_s(0:nzp-1,j,i) = col(0:nzp-1) * lad_type_coef(pctype)
	1139
	1140	CASE DEFAULT
	1141	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1142	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1143	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1144	END SELECT
[2213]	1145	ENDDO
[2007]	1146
[2213]	1147	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1148	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1149
[2213]	1150	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1151	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1152
	1153	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1154	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1155
	1156	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1157
	1158	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1159
	1160
	1161
	1162	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1163	! Description:
	1164	! ------------
[1682]	1165	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1166	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1167	!>
	1168	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1169	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1170	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1171	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1172	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1173	!>
	1174	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1175	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1176	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1177	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1178	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1179	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1180	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1181	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1182	!>
	1183	!>
	1184	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1185	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1186	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1187
	1188
[1320]	1189	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1190	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1191
	1192	USE kinds
	1193
[138]	1194	IMPLICIT NONE
	1195
[1682]	1196	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1197	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1198	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1199	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1200	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1201	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1202
[1682]	1203	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1204	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1205	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1206	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1207	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1208	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1209
	1210
	1211	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1212
	1213	!
[1484]	1214	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1215	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1216
	1217	!
	1218	!-- u-component
	1219	CASE ( 1 )
	1220	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1221	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1222	!
	1223	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1224	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1225	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1226
[2232]	1227	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1228	!
	1229	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1230	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1231	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1232	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1233	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1234	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1235	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1236	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1237	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1238	THEN
	1239	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1240	ENDIF
	1241
	1242	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1243	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1244	!
	1245	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1246	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1247	lad_local * &
	1248	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1249	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1250	v(k,j,i) + &
	1251	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1252	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1253	)**2 + &
	1254	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1255	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1256	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1257	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1258	)**2 &
	1259	) * &
	1260	u(k,j,i)
	1261
	1262	!
	1263	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1264	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1265	!
	1266	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1267	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1268	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1269	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1270	ELSE
	1271	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1272	ENDIF
	1273	!
	1274	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1275	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1276
[138]	1277	ENDDO
	1278	ENDDO
	1279	ENDDO
	1280
	1281	!
	1282	!-- v-component
	1283	CASE ( 2 )
	1284	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1285	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1286	!
	1287	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1288	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1289
[2696]	1290	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1291
[2232]	1292	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1293	!
	1294	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1295	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1296	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1297	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1298	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1299	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1300	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1301	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1302	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1303	THEN
	1304	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1305	ENDIF
	1306
	1307	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1308	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1309	!
	1310	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1311	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1312	lad_local * &
	1313	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1314	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1315	u(k,j,i) + &
	1316	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1317	)**2 + &
	1318	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1319	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1320	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1321	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1322	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1323	)**2 &
	1324	) * &
	1325	v(k,j,i)
	1326
	1327	!
	1328	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1329	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1330	!
	1331	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1332	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1333	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1334	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1335	ELSE
	1336	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1337	ENDIF
	1338	!
	1339	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1340	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1341
[138]	1342	ENDDO
	1343	ENDDO
	1344	ENDDO
	1345
	1346	!
	1347	!-- w-component
	1348	CASE ( 3 )
	1349	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1350	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1351	!
	1352	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1353	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1354
[2696]	1355	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1356
[2232]	1357	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1358
[1484]	1359	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1360	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1361	!
	1362	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1363	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1364	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1365	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1366	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1367	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1368	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1369	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1370	)**2 + &
	1371	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1372	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1373	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1374	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1375	)**2 + &
	1376	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1377	) * &
	1378	w(k,j,i)
	1379	!
	1380	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1381	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1382	!
	1383	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1384	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1385	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1386	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1387	ELSE
	1388	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1389	ENDIF
	1390	!
	1391	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1392	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1393
[138]	1394	ENDDO
	1395	ENDDO
	1396	ENDDO
	1397
	1398	!
[153]	1399	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1400	CASE ( 4 )
	1401	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1402	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1403	!
	1404	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1405	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1406
[2696]	1407	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1408
	1409	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1410	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1411	ENDDO
	1412	ENDDO
	1413	ENDDO
	1414
	1415	!
[1960]	1416	!-- humidity
[153]	1417	CASE ( 5 )
	1418	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1419	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1420	!
	1421	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1422	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1423
[2696]	1424	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1425
	1426	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3014]	1427	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1428	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1429	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1430	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1431	)**2 + &
	1432	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1433	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1434	)**2 + &
	1435	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1436	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1437	)**2 &
	1438	) * &
	1439	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[3014]	1440
	1441	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1442	ENDDO
	1443	ENDDO
	1444	ENDDO
	1445
	1446	!
	1447	!-- sgs-tke
	1448	CASE ( 6 )
	1449	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1450	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1451	!
	1452	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1453	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1454
[2696]	1455	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1456
	1457	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1458	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1459	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1460	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1461	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1462	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1463	)**2 + &
	1464	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1465	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1466	)**2 + &
	1467	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1468	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1469	)**2 &
	1470	) * &
	1471	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1472	ENDDO
	1473	ENDDO
	1474	ENDDO
[1960]	1475	!
	1476	!-- scalar concentration
	1477	CASE ( 7 )
	1478	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1479	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1480	!
	1481	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1482	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1483
[2696]	1484	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1485
	1486	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1487	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1488	lsec * &
	1489	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1490	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1491	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1492	)**2 + &
	1493	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1494	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1495	)**2 + &
	1496	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1497	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1498	)**2 &
	1499	) * &
	1500	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1501	ENDDO
	1502	ENDDO
	1503	ENDDO
[1484]	1504
	1505
[1960]	1506
[138]	1507	CASE DEFAULT
	1508
[257]	1509	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1510	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1511
	1512	END SELECT
	1513
[1826]	1514	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1515
	1516
	1517	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1518	! Description:
	1519	! ------------
[1682]	1520	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1521	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1522	!>
	1523	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1524	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1525	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1526	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1527	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1528	!>
	1529	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1530	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1531	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1532	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1533	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1534	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1535	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1536	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1537	!>
	1538	!>
	1539	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1540	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1541	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1542
	1543
[1320]	1544	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1545	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1546
	1547	USE kinds
	1548
[138]	1549	IMPLICIT NONE
	1550
[1682]	1551	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1552	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1553	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1554	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1555	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1556	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1557
[1682]	1558	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1559	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1560	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1561	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1562	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1563	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1564
	1565
	1566	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1567	!
[1484]	1568	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1569	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1570
	1571	!
[142]	1572	!-- u-component
[1484]	1573	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1574	!
	1575	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1576	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1577	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1578
[2696]	1579	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1580
	1581	!
[1484]	1582	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1583	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1584	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1585	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1586	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1587	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1588	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1589	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1590	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1591	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1592	ENDIF
	1593
	1594	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1595	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1596	!
	1597	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1598	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1599	lad_local * &
	1600	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1601	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1602	v(k,j,i) + &
	1603	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1604	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1605	)**2 + &
	1606	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1607	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1608	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1609	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1610	)**2 &
	1611	) * &
	1612	u(k,j,i)
	1613
	1614	!
	1615	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1616	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1617	!
	1618	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1619	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1620	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1621	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1622	ELSE
	1623	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1624	ENDIF
	1625	!
	1626	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1627	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1628	ENDDO
	1629
	1630
	1631	!
[142]	1632	!-- v-component
[1484]	1633	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	1634	!
	1635	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1636	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1637
[2696]	1638	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	1639
[2232]	1640	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1641	!
[1484]	1642	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1643	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1644	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1645	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1646	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1647	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1648	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1649	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1650	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1651	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1652	ENDIF
	1653
	1654	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1655	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1656	!
	1657	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1658	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1659	lad_local * &
	1660	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1661	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1662	u(k,j,i) + &
	1663	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1664	)**2 + &
	1665	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1666	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1667	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1668	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1669	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1670	)**2 &
	1671	) * &
	1672	v(k,j,i)
	1673
	1674	!
	1675	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1676	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1677	!
	1678	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1679	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1680	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1681	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1682	ELSE
	1683	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1684	ENDIF
	1685	!
	1686	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1687	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1688	ENDDO
	1689
	1690
	1691	!
[142]	1692	!-- w-component
[1484]	1693	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	1694	!
	1695	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1696	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1697
[2696]	1698	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	1699
[2232]	1700	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1701
[1484]	1702	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1703	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1704	!
[1484]	1705	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1706	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1707	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1708	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1709	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1710	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1711	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1712	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1713	)**2 + &
	1714	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1715	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1716	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1717	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1718	)**2 + &
	1719	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1720	) * &
	1721	w(k,j,i)
	1722	!
	1723	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1724	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1725	!
	1726	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1727	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1728	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1729	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1730	ELSE
	1731	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1732	ENDIF
	1733	!
	1734	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1735	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1736	ENDDO
	1737
	1738	!
[153]	1739	!-- potential temperature
	1740	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	1741	!
	1742	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1743	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1744
[2696]	1745	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1746	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1747	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1748	ENDDO
	1749
	1750
	1751	!
[1960]	1752	!-- humidity
[153]	1753	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	1754	!
	1755	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1756	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1757
[2696]	1758	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[3014]	1759	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2232]	1760
[3014]	1761	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1762	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1763	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1764	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1765	)**2 + &
	1766	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1767	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1768	)**2 + &
	1769	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1770	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1771	)**2 &
	1772	) * &
	1773	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[3014]	1774
	1775	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
	1776
[153]	1777	ENDDO
	1778
	1779	!
[142]	1780	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	1781	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	1782	!
	1783	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1784	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1785
[2696]	1786	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1787
	1788	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	1789	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1790	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1791	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1792	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1793	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1794	)**2 + &
	1795	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1796	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1797	)**2 + &
	1798	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1799	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1800	)**2 &
	1801	) * &
	1802	e(k,j,i)
	1803	ENDDO
[1960]	1804
	1805	!
	1806	!-- scalar concentration
	1807	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	1808	!
	1809	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1810	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1811
[2696]	1812	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1813
	1814	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	1815	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1816	lsec * &
	1817	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1818	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1819	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1820	)**2 + &
	1821	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1822	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1823	)**2 + &
	1824	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1825	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1826	)**2 &
	1827	) * &
	1828	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1829	ENDDO
[138]	1830
[142]	1831	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	1832
[257]	1833	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1834	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1835
[142]	1836	END SELECT
[138]	1837
[1826]	1838	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	1839
[2007]	1840
	1841
[138]	1842	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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