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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 2993

Last change on this file since 2993 was 2977, checked in by kanani, 7 years ago
Fixes for radiative transfer model
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 74.2 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[257]	20	! Current revisions:
[2977]	21	! ------------------
[2214]	22	!
[2701]	23	!
[2214]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 2977 2018-04-17 10:27:57Z raasch $
[2977]	27	! Implement changes from branch radiation (r2948-2971) with minor modifications,
	28	! plus some formatting.
	29	! (moh.hefny):
	30	! Add plant canopy type to account for changes in LAD (based on the changes
	31	! done by Resler & Pavel) and correct the error message to PALM Standard.
	32	!
	33	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z maronga
[2932]	34	! renamed canopy_par to plant_canopy_parameters
	35	!
	36	! 2920 2018-03-22 11:22:01Z kanani
[2920]	37	! Move usm_lad_rma and prototype_lad to radiation_model (moh.hefny)
	38	!
	39	! 2892 2018-03-14 15:06:29Z suehring
[2892]	40	! Bugfix, read separate ASCII LAD files for parent and child model.
	41	!
	42	! 2770 2018-01-25 15:10:09Z kanani
[2770]	43	! Correction of parameter check
	44	!
	45	! 2768 2018-01-24 15:38:29Z kanani
[2768]	46	! Added check for output quantity pcm_heatrate, some formatting
	47	!
	48	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	49	! Increased LEN of canopy mode to 30
	50	!
	51	! 2746 2018-01-15 12:06:04Z suehring
[2746]	52	! Move flag plant canopy to modules
	53	!
	54	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	55	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	56	!
	57	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	58	! Changes from last commit documented
	59	!
	60	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2701]	61	! Bugfix in get_topography_top_index
	62	!
[2716]	63	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	64	! Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	65	! Bugfix for vertical loop index pch_index in case of Netcdf input
	66	! Introduce 2D index array incorporate canopy top index
	67	! Check if canopy on top of topography do not exceed vertical dimension
	68	! Add check for canopy_mode in case of Netcdf input.
	69	! Enable _FillValue output for 3d quantities
	70	! Bugfix in reading of PIDS leaf area density (MS)
	71	!
	72	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	73	! coupling_char removed
	74	!
	75	! 2512 2017-10-04 08:26:59Z raasch
[2512]	76	! upper bounds of 3d output changed from nx+1,ny+1 to nx,ny
	77	! no output of ghost layer data
	78	!
	79	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	80	! Get topography top index via Function call
	81	!
	82	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2274]	83	! Changed error messages
	84	!
	85	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[2214]	86	!
[2233]	87	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	88	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	89	!
[2214]	90	! 2213 2017-04-24 15:10:35Z kanani
[2213]	91	! Bugfix: exchange of ghost points in array pc_heating_rate needed for output
	92	! of pcm_heatrate, onetime ghost point exchange of lad_s after initialization.
	93	! Formatting and clean-up of subroutine pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d,
	94	! minor re-organization of canopy-heating initialization.
[2008]	95	!
[2210]	96	! 2209 2017-04-19 09:34:46Z kanani
	97	! Added 3d output of leaf area density (pcm_lad) and canopy
	98	! heat rate (pcm_heatrate)
	99	!
[2025]	100	! 2024 2016-10-12 16:42:37Z kanani
	101	! Added missing lad_s initialization
	102	!
[2012]	103	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	104	! Renamed canopy_heat_flux to pc_heating_rate, since the original meaning/
	105	! calculation of the quantity has changed, related to the urban surface model
	106	! and similar future applications.
	107	!
[2008]	108	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
[2007]	109	! Added SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d for reading 3d plant canopy data
	110	! from file (new case canopy_mode=read_from_file_3d) in the course of
	111	! introduction of urban surface model,
	112	! introduced variable ext_coef,
	113	! resorted SUBROUTINEs to alphabetical order
[1827]	114	!
[2001]	115	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	116	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	117	!
[1961]	118	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	119	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
	120	!
[1954]	121	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
	122	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
	123	!
[1827]	124	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	125	! Further modularization
	126	!
[1722]	127	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
	128	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
	129	! canopy is set on top of topography
	130	!
[1683]	131	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	132	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	133	!
[1485]	134	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
[1484]	135	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
	136	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
[1826]	137	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
[1484]	138	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
	139	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	140	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
[1826]	141	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
	142	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
[1484]	143	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
	144	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
	145	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
	146	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
	147	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
	148	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
	149	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
	150	! respectively,
	151	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
	152	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
[1341]	153	!
	154	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	155	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	156	!
[1321]	157	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	158	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	159	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	160	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	161	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	162	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	163	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	164	! all variable declaration statements
[153]	165	!
[1037]	166	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	167	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	168	!
[139]	169	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	170	! Initial revision
	171	!
[138]	172	! Description:
	173	! ------------
[1682]	174	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	175	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	176	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	177	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[138]	178	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	179	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	180
[1484]	181	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	182	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	183
[1484]	184	USE indices, &
	185	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[2317]	186	nz, nzb, nzt
[1484]	187
	188	USE kinds
	189
[2317]	190	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	191	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji
[1484]	192
[2317]	193
[1484]	194	IMPLICIT NONE
	195
	196
[2766]	197	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
[1484]	198
[2696]	199	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	200	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	201
[2696]	202	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
	203
[1682]	204	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	205
[2696]	206	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	207	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	208	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	209	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	210	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	211	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	212	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	213	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	214	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	215	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	216	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2768]	217	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2696]	218	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	219
[2696]	220	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	221	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	222
[2977]	223	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	224	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	225
[1682]	226	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	227	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	228
[2768]	229	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	230	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
	231	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
[1484]	232
	233	SAVE
	234
	235
[138]	236	PRIVATE
[1826]	237
	238	!
	239	!-- Public functions
[2209]	240	PUBLIC pcm_check_data_output, pcm_check_parameters, pcm_data_output_3d, &
	241	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	242
[1826]	243	!
	244	!-- Public variables and constants
[2011]	245	PUBLIC pc_heating_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
[2920]	246	pch_index
[2007]	247
[1484]	248
[2209]	249	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	250	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	251	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	252
[1826]	253	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	254	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	255	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	256
	257	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	258	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	259	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	260
	261	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	262	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	263	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	264
	265	INTERFACE pcm_header
	266	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	267	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	268
	269	INTERFACE pcm_init
	270	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	271	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	272
[1826]	273	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	274	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	275	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	276
	277	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	278	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	279	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	280
	281	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	282	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	283	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	284	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	285
	286
[138]	287	CONTAINS
	288
[2209]	289
	290	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	291	! Description:
	292	! ------------
	293	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	294	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	295	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[1826]	296
[2209]	297
	298	USE control_parameters, &
[2770]	299	ONLY: data_output, message_string, urban_surface
[2209]	300
	301	IMPLICIT NONE
	302
	303	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	304	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	305
	306
	307	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	308
	309	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	310	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	311	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	312	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	313	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	314	ENDIF
[2209]	315	unit = 'K s-1'
	316
	317	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	318	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	319
	320
	321	CASE DEFAULT
	322	unit = 'illegal'
	323
	324	END SELECT
	325
	326
	327	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	328
	329
[1826]	330	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	331	! Description:
	332	! ------------
	333	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	334	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	335	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	336
[1826]	337	USE control_parameters, &
[2696]	338	ONLY: cloud_physics, coupling_char, message_string, &
	339	microphysics_seifert
	340
	341	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	342	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
[1826]	343
	344
	345	IMPLICIT NONE
	346
	347
	348	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	349	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
	350	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	351	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	352	ENDIF
	353
	354	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
	355	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	356	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	357	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	358	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	359	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	360	ENDIF
	361
	362	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	363	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	364	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	365	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	366	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	367	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	368	ENDIF
	369
	370	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	371	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	372	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	373	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	374	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	375	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	376	'density profile'
[2768]	377	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	378	ENDIF
	379
	380	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
	381	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	382	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	383	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	384	ENDIF
[2696]	385	!
	386	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
	387	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
	388	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
	389	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
	390	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	391	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
	392	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
[2768]	393	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0999', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	394	ENDIF
[1826]	395
	396
	397	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	398
	399
[138]	400	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	401	!
[1484]	402	! Description:
	403	! ------------
[2209]	404	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
	405	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	406	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value )
[2209]	407
	408	USE control_parameters, &
	409	ONLY : nz_do3d
	410
	411	USE indices
	412
	413	USE kinds
	414
	415
	416	IMPLICIT NONE
	417
	418	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	419
[2696]	420	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
	421	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	422	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	423	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	424	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
[2209]	425
	426	LOGICAL :: found !<
	427
[2696]	428	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
[2512]	429	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb:nz_do3d) :: local_pf !<
[2209]	430
	431
	432	found = .TRUE.
	433
[2696]	434	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	435
	436	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	437
	438	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	439	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	440	DO i = nxl, nxr
	441	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	442	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	443	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	444	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	445	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
	446	ENDDO
	447	ENDIF
[2209]	448	ENDDO
	449	ENDDO
	450	ENDIF
	451
	452
	453	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	454	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	455	DO i = nxl, nxr
	456	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	457	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	458	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	459	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	460	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k-k_topo,j,i)
	461	ENDDO
	462	ENDIF
[2209]	463	ENDDO
	464	ENDDO
	465	ENDIF
	466
	467
	468	CASE DEFAULT
	469	found = .FALSE.
	470
	471	END SELECT
	472
	473
	474	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	475
	476	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	477	!
	478	! Description:
	479	! ------------
	480	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	481	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	482	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	483	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	484
	485	IMPLICIT NONE
	486
	487	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	488	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	489	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	490	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	491	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	492
	493	found = .TRUE.
	494
	495	!
	496	!-- Check for the grid
	497	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	498
	499	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad' )
	500	grid_x = 'x'
	501	grid_y = 'y'
	502	grid_z = 'zu'
	503
	504	CASE DEFAULT
	505	found = .FALSE.
	506	grid_x = 'none'
	507	grid_y = 'none'
	508	grid_z = 'none'
	509	END SELECT
	510
	511	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	512
	513
	514	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	515	! Description:
	516	! ------------
[1826]	517	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	518	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	519	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	520
	521	USE control_parameters, &
	522	ONLY: dz, passive_scalar
	523
	524
	525	IMPLICIT NONE
	526
	527	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	528
	529	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	530	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	531	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	532	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	533
	534	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	535	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	536	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	537
	538	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	539
	540	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	541
	542	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	543	canopy_drag_coeff
	544	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	545	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	546	leaf_surface_conc
	547	ENDIF
	548
	549	!
	550	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	551	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	552
	553	!
	554	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	555	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	556	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	557
	558	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	559	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	560	gradients = '------'
	561	slices = ' 0'
	562	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	563	i = 1
	564	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	565	/= -9999 )
	566
	567	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	568	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	569	TRIM( coor_chr )
	570
	571	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	572	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	573
	574	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	575	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	576
	577	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	578	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	579
	580	i = i + 1
	581	ENDDO
	582
	583	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	584	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	585
	586	ELSE
	587
	588	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	589	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	590
	591	DO k = 1, pch_index
	592
	593	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	594	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	595	TRIM( coor_chr )
	596
	597	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	598	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	599
	600	ENDDO
	601
	602	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	603	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	604
	605	ENDIF
	606
	607	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	608	' ------------------------------'// &
	609	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	610	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	611	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	612	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	613	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	614	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	615	' K m/s')
	616	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	617	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	618	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	619	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	620	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	621	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	622	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	623	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	624	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	625	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	626	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	627
	628	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	629
	630
	631	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	632	! Description:
	633	! ------------
[1682]	634	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	635	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	636	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	637
	638
	639	USE control_parameters, &
[2669]	640	ONLY: dz, humidity, io_blocks, io_group, message_string, ocean, &
	641	passive_scalar, urban_surface
[1484]	642
[2696]	643	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	644	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	645
[2232]	646	USE surface_mod, &
	647	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	648
	649	IMPLICIT NONE
	650
[2007]	651	CHARACTER(10) :: pct
	652
	653	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	654	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< index
	655	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	656	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	657	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	658
[2007]	659	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	660	REAL(wp) :: dzh !< vertical grid spacing in units of canopy height
	661	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	662	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
	663	REAL(wp) :: pcv(nzb:nzt+1) !<
	664
[1484]	665	!
	666	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	667	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	668	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	669	lad = 0.0_wp
	670	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	671
	672	!
[1826]	673	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	674	!-- a beta probability density function
	675	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	676	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	677	ENDIF
	678
	679
	680	!
[1484]	681	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	682	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	683	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	684	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	685	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	686	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	687
	688	!
	689	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	690	i = 1
	691	gradient = 0.0_wp
	692
	693	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
	694
	695	lad(0) = lad_surface
	696	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	697
	698	DO k = 1, pch_index
	699	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	700	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	701	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	702	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	703	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	704	i = i + 1
	705	ENDIF
	706	ENDIF
	707	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	708	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	709	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	710	ELSE
	711	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	712	ENDIF
	713	ELSE
	714	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	715	ENDIF
	716	ENDDO
	717
	718	ENDIF
	719
	720	!
	721	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	722	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	723	!-- file.
	724	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	725	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	726	ENDIF
	727
	728	ELSE
	729
	730	!
	731	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	732	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
	733	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	734
[2232]	735	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	736	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	737	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	738	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	739	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	740	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	741	ENDDO
	742
	743	!
	744	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	745	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	746	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	747	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	748	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	749	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	750	) / canopy_height
[1484]	751	ENDDO
	752
	753	!
	754	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	755	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	756	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	757	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	758	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	759	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	760	ENDDO
	761
	762	ENDIF
	763
	764	!
[2213]	765	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	766	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	767
	768	!
	769	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	770	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	771	!-- with the prescribed values
	772	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	773	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	774	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	775
	776	!
	777	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	778	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	779	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	780	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	781
	782	CASE( 'block' )
	783
	784	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	785	DO j = nysg, nyng
	786	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	787	ENDDO
	788	ENDDO
	789
[2007]	790	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	791	!
[2696]	792	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	793	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	794	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	795	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	796	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	797	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	798	!
	799	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	800	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	801	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	802
	803	DO i = nxl, nxr
	804	DO j = nys, nyn
	805	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	806	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	807	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
	808	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	809	ENDDO
	810	ENDDO
	811	ENDDO
	812	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	813	!
	814	! ASCII file
[2007]	815	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	816	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	817	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	818	!-- each location).
[2696]	819	ELSE
	820	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	821	ENDIF
[2007]	822
[1484]	823	CASE DEFAULT
	824	!
[2007]	825	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	826	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	827	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	828	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	829	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	830	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	831
	832	END SELECT
[2696]	833	!
	834	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	835	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	836	pch_index_ji = 0
[1484]	837
[2696]	838	DO i = nxl, nxr
	839	DO j = nys, nyn
	840	DO k = 0, pch_index
	841	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	842	ENDDO
[1484]	843	!
[2696]	844	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	845	!-- height of the model domain.
[2698]	846	k = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	847	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	848	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	849	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
	850	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0999', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	851	ENDIF
	852
	853	ENDDO
	854	ENDDO
	855
	856	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
	857
	858	!
[2011]	859	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	860	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	861	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	862	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	863	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	864	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	865	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	866	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	867	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	868	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	869	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
	870	!-- When using the urban surface model (USM), canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	871	!-- by radiation is calculated in the USM.
[2768]	872	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2213]	873
	874	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	875	pc_heating_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	876	!
[2011]	877	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	878	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	879	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	880	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	881	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	882	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	883	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	884	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	885	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	886	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	887	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	888	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	889	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	890	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	891	ELSE
	892	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	893	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	894	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	895	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	896	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	897	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	898	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	899	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	900	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	901	ENDIF
	902	ENDDO
	903	ENDDO
	904	ENDDO
	905
[2232]	906	!
	907	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	908	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	909	!-- Start with default surface type
	910	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
	911	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	912	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	913	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	914	ENDDO
[1484]	915	!
[2232]	916	!-- Natural surfaces
	917	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
	918	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	919	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	920	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	921	ENDDO
	922	!
	923	!-- Urban surfaces
	924	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
	925	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	926	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	927	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	928	ENDDO
	929	!
	930	!
[2011]	931	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	932	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	933	!-- canopy.
	934	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	935	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	936	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	937	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	938	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	939	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	940	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	941	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	942	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	943	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
	944	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	945	ENDIF
	946	ENDDO
[1721]	947	ENDDO
	948	ENDDO
[1484]	949
	950	ENDIF
	951
	952
	953
[1826]	954	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	955
	956
[2007]	957	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	958	! Description:
	959	! ------------
[2932]	960	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	961	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	962	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	963
[2746]	964	USE control_parameters, &
[2932]	965	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
[2007]	966
	967	IMPLICIT NONE
	968
	969	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	970
[2932]	971	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	972	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	973	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	974	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	975	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	976	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	977	lai_beta, &
	978	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	979	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
	980
[2007]	981	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	982	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	983	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	984	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	985	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	986	lai_beta, &
	987	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	988	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
[2932]	989
[2007]	990	line = ' '
	991
	992	!
	993	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	994	REWIND ( 11 )
	995	line = ' '
[2932]	996	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[2007]	997	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	998	ENDDO
	999	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1000
	1001	!
	1002	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[2932]	1003	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters )
	1004
	1005	!
	1006	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1007	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1008
	1009	GOTO 12
	1010	!
	1011	!-- Try to find old namelist
	1012	10 REWIND ( 11 )
	1013	line = ' '
	1014	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
	1015	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
	1016	ENDDO
	1017	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1018
	1019	!
	1020	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[2007]	1021	READ ( 11, canopy_par )
	1022
[2932]	1023	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
	1024	'removed in near future. Please &use namelist ' // &
	1025	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1026	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
	1027
[2007]	1028	!
	1029	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1030	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1031
[2932]	1032	12 CONTINUE
[2007]	1033
	1034
	1035	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1036
	1037
	1038
[1484]	1039	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1040	! Description:
	1041	! ------------
[2007]	1042	!
	1043	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1044	!>
	1045	!> num_levels
[2977]	1046	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1047	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1048	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1049	!> ...
	1050	!>
	1051	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1052	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1053	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1054	!>
	1055	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1056	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1057	!>
	1058	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1059	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1060	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1061	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1062
	1063	USE control_parameters, &
[2892]	1064	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string, passive_scalar
[2007]	1065
[2213]	1066	USE indices, &
	1067	ONLY: nbgp
	1068
	1069	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1070
[2213]	1071	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1072	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1073	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1074	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
	1075	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1076	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1077
	1078	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1079
[2213]	1080	!
	1081	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1082	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1083
	1084	!
	1085	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1086	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1087	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1088	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1089	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[2213]	1090
[2977]	1091	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1092
[2213]	1093	DO
[2977]	1094	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1095	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1096
	1097	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1098	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1099	!
[2977]	1100	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1101	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1102	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1103	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1104	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1105	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1106	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1107	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1108	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1109	ENDIF
	1110	lad_s(0:nzp-1,j,i) = col(0:nzp-1) * lad_type_coef(pctype)
	1111
	1112	CASE DEFAULT
	1113	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1114	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1115	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1116	END SELECT
[2213]	1117	ENDDO
[2007]	1118
[2213]	1119	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1120	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1121
[2213]	1122	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1123	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1124
	1125	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1126	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1127
	1128	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1129
	1130	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1131
	1132
	1133
	1134	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1135	! Description:
	1136	! ------------
[1682]	1137	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1138	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1139	!>
	1140	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1141	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1142	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1143	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1144	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1145	!>
	1146	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1147	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1148	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1149	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1150	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1151	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1152	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1153	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1154	!>
	1155	!>
	1156	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1157	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1158	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1159
	1160
[1320]	1161	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1162	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1163
	1164	USE kinds
	1165
[138]	1166	IMPLICIT NONE
	1167
[1682]	1168	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1169	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1170	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1171	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1172	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1173	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1174
[1682]	1175	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1176	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1177	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1178	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1179	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1180	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1181
	1182
	1183	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1184
	1185	!
[1484]	1186	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1187	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1188
	1189	!
	1190	!-- u-component
	1191	CASE ( 1 )
	1192	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1193	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1194	!
	1195	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1196	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1197	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1198
[2232]	1199	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1200	!
	1201	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1202	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1203	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1204	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1205	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1206	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1207	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1208	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1209	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1210	THEN
	1211	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1212	ENDIF
	1213
	1214	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1215	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1216	!
	1217	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1218	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1219	lad_local * &
	1220	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1221	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1222	v(k,j,i) + &
	1223	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1224	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1225	)**2 + &
	1226	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1227	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1228	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1229	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1230	)**2 &
	1231	) * &
	1232	u(k,j,i)
	1233
	1234	!
	1235	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1236	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1237	!
	1238	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1239	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1240	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1241	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1242	ELSE
	1243	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1244	ENDIF
	1245	!
	1246	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1247	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1248
[138]	1249	ENDDO
	1250	ENDDO
	1251	ENDDO
	1252
	1253	!
	1254	!-- v-component
	1255	CASE ( 2 )
	1256	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1257	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1258	!
	1259	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1260	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1261
[2696]	1262	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1263
[2232]	1264	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1265	!
	1266	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1267	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1268	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1269	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1270	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1271	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1272	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1273	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1274	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1275	THEN
	1276	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1277	ENDIF
	1278
	1279	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1280	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1281	!
	1282	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1283	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1284	lad_local * &
	1285	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1286	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1287	u(k,j,i) + &
	1288	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1289	)**2 + &
	1290	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1291	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1292	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1293	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1294	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1295	)**2 &
	1296	) * &
	1297	v(k,j,i)
	1298
	1299	!
	1300	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1301	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1302	!
	1303	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1304	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1305	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1306	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1307	ELSE
	1308	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1309	ENDIF
	1310	!
	1311	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1312	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1313
[138]	1314	ENDDO
	1315	ENDDO
	1316	ENDDO
	1317
	1318	!
	1319	!-- w-component
	1320	CASE ( 3 )
	1321	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1322	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1323	!
	1324	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1325	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1326
[2696]	1327	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1328
[2232]	1329	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1330
[1484]	1331	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1332	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1333	!
	1334	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1335	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1336	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1337	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1338	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1339	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1340	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1341	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1342	)**2 + &
	1343	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1344	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1345	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1346	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1347	)**2 + &
	1348	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1349	) * &
	1350	w(k,j,i)
	1351	!
	1352	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1353	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1354	!
	1355	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1356	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1357	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1358	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1359	ELSE
	1360	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1361	ENDIF
	1362	!
	1363	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1364	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1365
[138]	1366	ENDDO
	1367	ENDDO
	1368	ENDDO
	1369
	1370	!
[153]	1371	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1372	CASE ( 4 )
	1373	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1374	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1375	!
	1376	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1377	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1378
[2696]	1379	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1380
	1381	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1382	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1383	ENDDO
	1384	ENDDO
	1385	ENDDO
	1386
	1387	!
[1960]	1388	!-- humidity
[153]	1389	CASE ( 5 )
	1390	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1391	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1392	!
	1393	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1394	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1395
[2696]	1396	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1397
	1398	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1399	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1400	lsec * &
[1721]	1401	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1402	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1403	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1404	)**2 + &
	1405	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1406	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1407	)**2 + &
	1408	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1409	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1410	)**2 &
	1411	) * &
	1412	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	1413	ENDDO
	1414	ENDDO
	1415	ENDDO
	1416
	1417	!
	1418	!-- sgs-tke
	1419	CASE ( 6 )
	1420	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1421	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1422	!
	1423	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1424	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1425
[2696]	1426	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1427
	1428	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1429	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1430	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1431	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1432	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1433	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1434	)**2 + &
	1435	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1436	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1437	)**2 + &
	1438	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1439	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1440	)**2 &
	1441	) * &
	1442	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1443	ENDDO
	1444	ENDDO
	1445	ENDDO
[1960]	1446	!
	1447	!-- scalar concentration
	1448	CASE ( 7 )
	1449	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1450	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1451	!
	1452	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1453	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1454
[2696]	1455	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1456
	1457	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1458	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1459	lsec * &
	1460	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1461	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1462	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1463	)**2 + &
	1464	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1465	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1466	)**2 + &
	1467	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1468	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1469	)**2 &
	1470	) * &
	1471	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1472	ENDDO
	1473	ENDDO
	1474	ENDDO
[1484]	1475
	1476
[1960]	1477
[138]	1478	CASE DEFAULT
	1479
[257]	1480	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1481	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1482
	1483	END SELECT
	1484
[1826]	1485	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1486
	1487
	1488	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1489	! Description:
	1490	! ------------
[1682]	1491	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1492	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1493	!>
	1494	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1495	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1496	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1497	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1498	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1499	!>
	1500	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1501	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1502	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1503	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1504	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1505	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1506	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1507	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1508	!>
	1509	!>
	1510	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1511	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1512	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1513
	1514
[1320]	1515	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1516	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1517
	1518	USE kinds
	1519
[138]	1520	IMPLICIT NONE
	1521
[1682]	1522	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1523	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1524	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1525	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1526	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1527	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1528
[1682]	1529	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1530	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1531	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1532	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1533	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1534	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1535
	1536
	1537	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1538	!
[1484]	1539	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1540	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1541
	1542	!
[142]	1543	!-- u-component
[1484]	1544	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1545	!
	1546	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1547	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1548	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1549
[2696]	1550	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1551
	1552	!
[1484]	1553	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1554	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1555	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1556	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1557	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1558	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1559	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1560	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1561	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1562	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1563	ENDIF
	1564
	1565	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1566	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1567	!
	1568	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1569	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1570	lad_local * &
	1571	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1572	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1573	v(k,j,i) + &
	1574	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1575	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1576	)**2 + &
	1577	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1578	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1579	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1580	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1581	)**2 &
	1582	) * &
	1583	u(k,j,i)
	1584
	1585	!
	1586	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1587	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1588	!
	1589	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1590	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1591	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1592	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1593	ELSE
	1594	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1595	ENDIF
	1596	!
	1597	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1598	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1599	ENDDO
	1600
	1601
	1602	!
[142]	1603	!-- v-component
[1484]	1604	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	1605	!
	1606	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1607	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1608
[2696]	1609	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	1610
[2232]	1611	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1612	!
[1484]	1613	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1614	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1615	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1616	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1617	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1618	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1619	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1620	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1621	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1622	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1623	ENDIF
	1624
	1625	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1626	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1627	!
	1628	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1629	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1630	lad_local * &
	1631	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1632	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1633	u(k,j,i) + &
	1634	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1635	)**2 + &
	1636	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1637	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1638	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1639	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1640	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1641	)**2 &
	1642	) * &
	1643	v(k,j,i)
	1644
	1645	!
	1646	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1647	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1648	!
	1649	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1650	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1651	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1652	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1653	ELSE
	1654	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1655	ENDIF
	1656	!
	1657	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1658	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1659	ENDDO
	1660
	1661
	1662	!
[142]	1663	!-- w-component
[1484]	1664	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	1665	!
	1666	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1667	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1668
[2696]	1669	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	1670
[2232]	1671	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1672
[1484]	1673	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1674	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1675	!
[1484]	1676	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1677	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1678	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1679	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1680	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1681	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1682	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1683	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1684	)**2 + &
	1685	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1686	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1687	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1688	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1689	)**2 + &
	1690	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1691	) * &
	1692	w(k,j,i)
	1693	!
	1694	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1695	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1696	!
	1697	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1698	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1699	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1700	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1701	ELSE
	1702	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1703	ENDIF
	1704	!
	1705	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1706	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1707	ENDDO
	1708
	1709	!
[153]	1710	!-- potential temperature
	1711	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	1712	!
	1713	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1714	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1715
[2696]	1716	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1717	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1718	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1719	ENDDO
	1720
	1721
	1722	!
[1960]	1723	!-- humidity
[153]	1724	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	1725	!
	1726	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1727	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1728
[2696]	1729	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1730
	1731	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	1732	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1733	lsec * &
[1721]	1734	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1735	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1736	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1737	)**2 + &
	1738	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1739	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1740	)**2 + &
	1741	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1742	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1743	)**2 &
	1744	) * &
	1745	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	1746	ENDDO
	1747
	1748	!
[142]	1749	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	1750	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	1751	!
	1752	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1753	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1754
[2696]	1755	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1756
	1757	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	1758	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1759	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1760	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1761	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1762	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1763	)**2 + &
	1764	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1765	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1766	)**2 + &
	1767	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1768	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1769	)**2 &
	1770	) * &
	1771	e(k,j,i)
	1772	ENDDO
[1960]	1773
	1774	!
	1775	!-- scalar concentration
	1776	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	1777	!
	1778	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1779	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1780
[2696]	1781	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1782
	1783	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	1784	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1785	lsec * &
	1786	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1787	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1788	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1789	)**2 + &
	1790	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1791	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1792	)**2 + &
	1793	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1794	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1795	)**2 &
	1796	) * &
	1797	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1798	ENDDO
[138]	1799
[142]	1800	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	1801
[257]	1802	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1803	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1804
[142]	1805	END SELECT
[138]	1806
[1826]	1807	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	1808
[2007]	1809
	1810
[138]	1811	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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