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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 2912

Last change on this file since 2912 was 2892, checked in by suehring, 7 years ago
Bugfixes, missing coupling_char for child-domain ASCII file; uninitialized array in single_building setup
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 71.7 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[257]	20	! Current revisions:
[138]	21	! -----------------
[2214]	22	!
[2701]	23	!
[2214]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 2892 2018-03-14 15:06:29Z knoop $
[2892]	27	! Bugfix, read separate ASCII LAD files for parent and child model.
	28	!
	29	! 2770 2018-01-25 15:10:09Z kanani
[2770]	30	! Correction of parameter check
	31	!
	32	! 2768 2018-01-24 15:38:29Z kanani
[2768]	33	! Added check for output quantity pcm_heatrate, some formatting
	34	!
	35	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	36	! Increased LEN of canopy mode to 30
	37	!
	38	! 2746 2018-01-15 12:06:04Z suehring
[2746]	39	! Move flag plant canopy to modules
	40	!
	41	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	42	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	43	!
	44	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	45	! Changes from last commit documented
	46	!
	47	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2701]	48	! Bugfix in get_topography_top_index
	49	!
[2716]	50	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	51	! Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	52	! Bugfix for vertical loop index pch_index in case of Netcdf input
	53	! Introduce 2D index array incorporate canopy top index
	54	! Check if canopy on top of topography do not exceed vertical dimension
	55	! Add check for canopy_mode in case of Netcdf input.
	56	! Enable _FillValue output for 3d quantities
	57	! Bugfix in reading of PIDS leaf area density (MS)
	58	!
	59	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	60	! coupling_char removed
	61	!
	62	! 2512 2017-10-04 08:26:59Z raasch
[2512]	63	! upper bounds of 3d output changed from nx+1,ny+1 to nx,ny
	64	! no output of ghost layer data
	65	!
	66	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	67	! Get topography top index via Function call
	68	!
	69	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2274]	70	! Changed error messages
	71	!
	72	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[2214]	73	!
[2233]	74	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	75	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	76	!
[2214]	77	! 2213 2017-04-24 15:10:35Z kanani
[2213]	78	! Bugfix: exchange of ghost points in array pc_heating_rate needed for output
	79	! of pcm_heatrate, onetime ghost point exchange of lad_s after initialization.
	80	! Formatting and clean-up of subroutine pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d,
	81	! minor re-organization of canopy-heating initialization.
[2008]	82	!
[2210]	83	! 2209 2017-04-19 09:34:46Z kanani
	84	! Added 3d output of leaf area density (pcm_lad) and canopy
	85	! heat rate (pcm_heatrate)
	86	!
[2025]	87	! 2024 2016-10-12 16:42:37Z kanani
	88	! Added missing lad_s initialization
	89	!
[2012]	90	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	91	! Renamed canopy_heat_flux to pc_heating_rate, since the original meaning/
	92	! calculation of the quantity has changed, related to the urban surface model
	93	! and similar future applications.
	94	!
[2008]	95	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
[2007]	96	! Added SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d for reading 3d plant canopy data
	97	! from file (new case canopy_mode=read_from_file_3d) in the course of
	98	! introduction of urban surface model,
	99	! introduced variable ext_coef,
	100	! resorted SUBROUTINEs to alphabetical order
[1827]	101	!
[2001]	102	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	103	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	104	!
[1961]	105	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	106	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
	107	!
[1954]	108	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
	109	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
	110	!
[1827]	111	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	112	! Further modularization
	113	!
[1722]	114	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
	115	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
	116	! canopy is set on top of topography
	117	!
[1683]	118	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	119	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	120	!
[1485]	121	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
[1484]	122	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
	123	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
[1826]	124	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
[1484]	125	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
	126	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	127	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
[1826]	128	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
	129	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
[1484]	130	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
	131	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
	132	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
	133	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
	134	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
	135	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
	136	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
	137	! respectively,
	138	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
	139	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
[1341]	140	!
	141	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	142	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	143	!
[1321]	144	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	145	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	146	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	147	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	148	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	149	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	150	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	151	! all variable declaration statements
[153]	152	!
[1037]	153	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	154	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	155	!
[139]	156	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	157	! Initial revision
	158	!
[138]	159	! Description:
	160	! ------------
[1682]	161	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	162	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	163	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	164	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[138]	165	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	166	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	167
[1484]	168	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	169	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	170
[1484]	171	USE indices, &
	172	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[2317]	173	nz, nzb, nzt
[1484]	174
	175	USE kinds
	176
[2317]	177	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	178	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji
[1484]	179
[2317]	180
[1484]	181	IMPLICIT NONE
	182
	183
[2766]	184	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
[1484]	185
[2696]	186	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	187	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	188
[2696]	189	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
	190
[1682]	191	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[2696]	192	LOGICAL :: usm_lad_rma = .TRUE. !< use MPI RMA to access LAD for raytracing (instead of global array)
[1484]	193
[2696]	194	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	195	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	196	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	197	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	198	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	199	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	200	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	201	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	202	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	203	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	204	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2768]	205	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2696]	206	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
	207	REAL(wp) :: prototype_lad !< prototype leaf area density for computing effective optical depth
[1484]	208
[2696]	209	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	210	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	211
[1682]	212	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	213	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	214
[2768]	215	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	216	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
	217	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
[1484]	218
	219	SAVE
	220
	221
[138]	222	PRIVATE
[1826]	223
	224	!
	225	!-- Public functions
[2209]	226	PUBLIC pcm_check_data_output, pcm_check_parameters, pcm_data_output_3d, &
	227	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	228
[1826]	229	!
	230	!-- Public variables and constants
[2011]	231	PUBLIC pc_heating_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
[2746]	232	pch_index, prototype_lad, usm_lad_rma
[2007]	233
[1484]	234
[2209]	235	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	236	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	237	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	238
[1826]	239	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	240	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	241	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	242
	243	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	244	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	245	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	246
	247	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	248	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	249	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	250
	251	INTERFACE pcm_header
	252	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	253	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	254
	255	INTERFACE pcm_init
	256	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	257	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	258
[1826]	259	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	260	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	261	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	262
	263	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	264	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	265	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	266
	267	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	268	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	269	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	270	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	271
	272
[138]	273	CONTAINS
	274
[2209]	275
	276	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	277	! Description:
	278	! ------------
	279	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	280	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	281	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[1826]	282
[2209]	283
	284	USE control_parameters, &
[2770]	285	ONLY: data_output, message_string, urban_surface
[2209]	286
	287	IMPLICIT NONE
	288
	289	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	290	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	291
	292
	293	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	294
	295	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	296	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	297	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	298	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	299	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	300	ENDIF
[2209]	301	unit = 'K s-1'
	302
	303	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	304	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	305
	306
	307	CASE DEFAULT
	308	unit = 'illegal'
	309
	310	END SELECT
	311
	312
	313	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	314
	315
[1826]	316	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	317	! Description:
	318	! ------------
	319	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	320	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	321	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	322
[1826]	323	USE control_parameters, &
[2696]	324	ONLY: cloud_physics, coupling_char, message_string, &
	325	microphysics_seifert
	326
	327	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	328	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
[1826]	329
	330
	331	IMPLICIT NONE
	332
	333
	334	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	335	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
	336	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	337	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	338	ENDIF
	339
	340	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
	341	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	342	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	343	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	344	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	345	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	346	ENDIF
	347
	348	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	349	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	350	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	351	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	352	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	353	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	354	ENDIF
	355
	356	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	357	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	358	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	359	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	360	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	361	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	362	'density profile'
[2768]	363	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	364	ENDIF
	365
	366	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
	367	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	368	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	369	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	370	ENDIF
[2696]	371	!
	372	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
	373	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
	374	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
	375	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
	376	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	377	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
	378	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
[2768]	379	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0999', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	380	ENDIF
[1826]	381
	382
	383	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	384
	385
[138]	386	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	387	!
[1484]	388	! Description:
	389	! ------------
[2209]	390	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
	391	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	392	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value )
[2209]	393
	394	USE control_parameters, &
	395	ONLY : nz_do3d
	396
	397	USE indices
	398
	399	USE kinds
	400
	401
	402	IMPLICIT NONE
	403
	404	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	405
[2696]	406	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
	407	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	408	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	409	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	410	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
[2209]	411
	412	LOGICAL :: found !<
	413
[2696]	414	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
[2512]	415	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb:nz_do3d) :: local_pf !<
[2209]	416
	417
	418	found = .TRUE.
	419
[2696]	420	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	421
	422	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	423
	424	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	425	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	426	DO i = nxl, nxr
	427	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	428	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	429	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	430	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	431	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
	432	ENDDO
	433	ENDIF
[2209]	434	ENDDO
	435	ENDDO
	436	ENDIF
	437
	438
	439	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	440	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	441	DO i = nxl, nxr
	442	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	443	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	444	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	445	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	446	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k-k_topo,j,i)
	447	ENDDO
	448	ENDIF
[2209]	449	ENDDO
	450	ENDDO
	451	ENDIF
	452
	453
	454	CASE DEFAULT
	455	found = .FALSE.
	456
	457	END SELECT
	458
	459
	460	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	461
	462	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	463	!
	464	! Description:
	465	! ------------
	466	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	467	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	468	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	469	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	470
	471	IMPLICIT NONE
	472
	473	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	474	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	475	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	476	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	477	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	478
	479	found = .TRUE.
	480
	481	!
	482	!-- Check for the grid
	483	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	484
	485	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad' )
	486	grid_x = 'x'
	487	grid_y = 'y'
	488	grid_z = 'zu'
	489
	490	CASE DEFAULT
	491	found = .FALSE.
	492	grid_x = 'none'
	493	grid_y = 'none'
	494	grid_z = 'none'
	495	END SELECT
	496
	497	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	498
	499
	500	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	501	! Description:
	502	! ------------
[1826]	503	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	504	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	505	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	506
	507	USE control_parameters, &
	508	ONLY: dz, passive_scalar
	509
	510
	511	IMPLICIT NONE
	512
	513	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	514
	515	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	516	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	517	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	518	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	519
	520	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	521	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	522	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	523
	524	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	525
	526	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	527
	528	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	529	canopy_drag_coeff
	530	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	531	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	532	leaf_surface_conc
	533	ENDIF
	534
	535	!
	536	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	537	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	538
	539	!
	540	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	541	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	542	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	543
	544	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	545	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	546	gradients = '------'
	547	slices = ' 0'
	548	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	549	i = 1
	550	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	551	/= -9999 )
	552
	553	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	554	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	555	TRIM( coor_chr )
	556
	557	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	558	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	559
	560	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	561	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	562
	563	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	564	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	565
	566	i = i + 1
	567	ENDDO
	568
	569	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	570	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	571
	572	ELSE
	573
	574	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	575	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	576
	577	DO k = 1, pch_index
	578
	579	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	580	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	581	TRIM( coor_chr )
	582
	583	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	584	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	585
	586	ENDDO
	587
	588	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	589	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	590
	591	ENDIF
	592
	593	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	594	' ------------------------------'// &
	595	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	596	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	597	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	598	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	599	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	600	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	601	' K m/s')
	602	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	603	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	604	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	605	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	606	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	607	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	608	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	609	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	610	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	611	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	612	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	613
	614	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	615
	616
	617	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	618	! Description:
	619	! ------------
[1682]	620	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	621	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	622	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	623
	624
	625	USE control_parameters, &
[2669]	626	ONLY: dz, humidity, io_blocks, io_group, message_string, ocean, &
	627	passive_scalar, urban_surface
[1484]	628
[2696]	629	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	630	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	631
[2232]	632	USE surface_mod, &
	633	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	634
	635	IMPLICIT NONE
	636
[2007]	637	CHARACTER(10) :: pct
	638
	639	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	640	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< index
	641	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	642	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	643	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	644
[2007]	645	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	646	REAL(wp) :: dzh !< vertical grid spacing in units of canopy height
	647	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	648	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
	649	REAL(wp) :: pcv(nzb:nzt+1) !<
	650
[1484]	651	!
	652	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	653	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	654	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	655	lad = 0.0_wp
	656	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	657
	658	!
[1826]	659	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	660	!-- a beta probability density function
	661	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	662	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	663	ENDIF
	664
	665
	666	!
[1484]	667	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	668	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	669	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	670	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	671	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	672	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	673
	674	!
	675	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	676	i = 1
	677	gradient = 0.0_wp
	678
	679	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
	680
	681	lad(0) = lad_surface
	682	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	683
	684	DO k = 1, pch_index
	685	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	686	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	687	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	688	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	689	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	690	i = i + 1
	691	ENDIF
	692	ENDIF
	693	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	694	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	695	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	696	ELSE
	697	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	698	ENDIF
	699	ELSE
	700	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	701	ENDIF
	702	ENDDO
	703
	704	ENDIF
	705
	706	!
	707	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	708	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	709	!-- file.
	710	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	711	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	712	ENDIF
	713
	714	ELSE
	715
	716	!
	717	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	718	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
	719	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	720
[2232]	721	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	722	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	723	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	724	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	725	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	726	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	727	ENDDO
	728
	729	!
	730	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	731	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	732	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	733	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	734	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	735	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	736	) / canopy_height
[1484]	737	ENDDO
	738
	739	!
	740	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	741	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	742	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	743	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	744	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	745	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	746	ENDDO
	747
	748	ENDIF
	749
	750	!
[2213]	751	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	752	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	753
	754	!
	755	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	756	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	757	!-- with the prescribed values
	758	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	759	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	760	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	761
	762	!
	763	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	764	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	765	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	766	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	767
	768	CASE( 'block' )
	769
	770	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	771	DO j = nysg, nyng
	772	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	773	ENDDO
	774	ENDDO
	775
[2007]	776	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	777	!
[2696]	778	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	779	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	780	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	781	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	782	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	783	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	784	!
	785	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	786	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	787	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	788
	789	DO i = nxl, nxr
	790	DO j = nys, nyn
	791	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	792	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	793	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
	794	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	795	ENDDO
	796	ENDDO
	797	ENDDO
	798	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	799	!
	800	! ASCII file
[2007]	801	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	802	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	803	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	804	!-- each location).
[2696]	805	ELSE
	806	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	807	ENDIF
[2007]	808
[1484]	809	CASE DEFAULT
	810	!
[2007]	811	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	812	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	813	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	814	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	815	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	816	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	817
	818	END SELECT
[2696]	819	!
	820	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	821	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	822	pch_index_ji = 0
[1484]	823
[2696]	824	DO i = nxl, nxr
	825	DO j = nys, nyn
	826	DO k = 0, pch_index
	827	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	828	ENDDO
[1484]	829	!
[2696]	830	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	831	!-- height of the model domain.
[2698]	832	k = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	833	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	834	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	835	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
	836	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0999', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	837	ENDIF
	838
	839	ENDDO
	840	ENDDO
	841
	842	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
	843
	844	!
[2011]	845	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	846	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	847	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	848	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	849	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	850	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	851	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	852	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	853	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	854	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	855	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
	856	!-- When using the urban surface model (USM), canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	857	!-- by radiation is calculated in the USM.
[2768]	858	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2213]	859
	860	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	861	pc_heating_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	862	!
[2011]	863	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	864	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	865	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	866	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	867	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	868	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	869	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	870	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	871	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	872	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	873	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	874	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	875	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	876	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	877	ELSE
	878	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	879	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	880	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	881	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	882	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	883	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	884	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	885	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	886	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	887	ENDIF
	888	ENDDO
	889	ENDDO
	890	ENDDO
	891
[2232]	892	!
	893	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	894	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	895	!-- Start with default surface type
	896	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
	897	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	898	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	899	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	900	ENDDO
[1484]	901	!
[2232]	902	!-- Natural surfaces
	903	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
	904	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	905	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	906	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	907	ENDDO
	908	!
	909	!-- Urban surfaces
	910	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
	911	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	912	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	913	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	914	ENDDO
	915	!
	916	!
[2011]	917	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	918	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	919	!-- canopy.
	920	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	921	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	922	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	923	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	924	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	925	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	926	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	927	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	928	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	929	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
	930	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	931	ENDIF
	932	ENDDO
[1721]	933	ENDDO
	934	ENDDO
[1484]	935
	936	ENDIF
	937
	938
	939
[1826]	940	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	941
	942
[2007]	943	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	944	! Description:
	945	! ------------
	946	!> Parin for &canopy_par for plant canopy model
	947	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	948	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	949
[2746]	950	USE control_parameters, &
	951	ONLY: plant_canopy
[2007]	952
	953	IMPLICIT NONE
	954
	955	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	956
	957	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	958	canopy_mode, cthf, &
	959	lad_surface, &
	960	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	961	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	962	lai_beta, &
	963	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	964	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
	965
	966	line = ' '
	967
	968	!
	969	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	970	REWIND ( 11 )
	971	line = ' '
	972	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
	973	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	974	ENDDO
	975	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	976
	977	!
	978	!-- Read user-defined namelist
	979	READ ( 11, canopy_par )
	980
	981	!
	982	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	983	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	984
	985	10 CONTINUE
	986
	987
	988	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	989
	990
	991
[1484]	992	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	993	! Description:
	994	! ------------
[2007]	995	!
	996	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	997	!>
	998	!> num_levels
	999	!> dtype,x,y,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1000	!> dtype,x,y,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1001	!> dtype,x,y,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1002	!> ...
	1003	!>
	1004	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1005	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1006	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1007	!>
	1008	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1009	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1010	!>
	1011	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1012	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1013	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1014	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1015
	1016	USE control_parameters, &
[2892]	1017	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string, passive_scalar
[2007]	1018
[2213]	1019	USE indices, &
	1020	ONLY: nbgp
	1021
	1022	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1023
[2213]	1024	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
	1025	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1026	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
	1027	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1028	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1029
	1030	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1031
[2213]	1032	!
	1033	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1034	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1035
	1036	!
	1037	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2892]	1038	OPEN(152, file='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1039	access='SEQUENTIAL', action='READ', status='OLD', &
	1040	form='FORMATTED', err=515)
[2213]	1041	READ(152, *, err=516, end=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
	1042
	1043	ALLOCATE(col(0:nzp-1))
[2007]	1044
[2213]	1045	DO
	1046	READ(152, *, err=516, end=517) dtype, i, j, col(:)
	1047	IF ( i < nxlg .or. i > nxrg .or. j < nysg .or. j > nyng ) CYCLE
[2007]	1048
[2213]	1049	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1050	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
	1051	!
	1052	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1053	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1054	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1055	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1056	lad_s(0:nzp-1, j, i) = col(0:nzp-1)
	1057
	1058	CASE DEFAULT
[2696]	1059	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
[2213]	1060	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1061	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1062	END SELECT
	1063	ENDDO
[2007]	1064
[2213]	1065	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1066	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1067
[2213]	1068	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1069	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1070
	1071	517 CLOSE(152)
	1072	DEALLOCATE(col)
	1073
	1074	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1075
	1076	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1077
	1078
	1079
	1080	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1081	! Description:
	1082	! ------------
[1682]	1083	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1084	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1085	!>
	1086	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1087	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1088	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1089	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1090	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1091	!>
	1092	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1093	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1094	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1095	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1096	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1097	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1098	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1099	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1100	!>
	1101	!>
	1102	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1103	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1104	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1105
	1106
[1320]	1107	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1108	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1109
	1110	USE kinds
	1111
[138]	1112	IMPLICIT NONE
	1113
[1682]	1114	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1115	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1116	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1117	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1118	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1119	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1120
[1682]	1121	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1122	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1123	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1124	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1125	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1126	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1127
	1128
	1129	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1130
	1131	!
[1484]	1132	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1133	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1134
	1135	!
	1136	!-- u-component
	1137	CASE ( 1 )
	1138	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1139	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1140	!
	1141	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1142	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1143	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1144
[2232]	1145	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1146	!
	1147	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1148	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1149	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1150	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1151	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1152	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1153	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1154	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1155	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1156	THEN
	1157	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1158	ENDIF
	1159
	1160	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1161	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1162	!
	1163	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1164	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1165	lad_local * &
	1166	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1167	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1168	v(k,j,i) + &
	1169	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1170	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1171	)**2 + &
	1172	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1173	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1174	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1175	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1176	)**2 &
	1177	) * &
	1178	u(k,j,i)
	1179
	1180	!
	1181	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1182	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1183	!
	1184	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1185	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1186	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1187	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1188	ELSE
	1189	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1190	ENDIF
	1191	!
	1192	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1193	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1194
[138]	1195	ENDDO
	1196	ENDDO
	1197	ENDDO
	1198
	1199	!
	1200	!-- v-component
	1201	CASE ( 2 )
	1202	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1203	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1204	!
	1205	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1206	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1207
[2696]	1208	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1209
[2232]	1210	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1211	!
	1212	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1213	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1214	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1215	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1216	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1217	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1218	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1219	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1220	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1221	THEN
	1222	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1223	ENDIF
	1224
	1225	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1226	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1227	!
	1228	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1229	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1230	lad_local * &
	1231	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1232	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1233	u(k,j,i) + &
	1234	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1235	)**2 + &
	1236	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1237	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1238	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1239	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1240	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1241	)**2 &
	1242	) * &
	1243	v(k,j,i)
	1244
	1245	!
	1246	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1247	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1248	!
	1249	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1250	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1251	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1252	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1253	ELSE
	1254	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1255	ENDIF
	1256	!
	1257	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1258	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1259
[138]	1260	ENDDO
	1261	ENDDO
	1262	ENDDO
	1263
	1264	!
	1265	!-- w-component
	1266	CASE ( 3 )
	1267	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1268	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1269	!
	1270	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1271	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1272
[2696]	1273	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1274
[2232]	1275	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1276
[1484]	1277	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1278	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1279	!
	1280	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1281	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1282	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1283	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1284	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1285	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1286	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1287	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1288	)**2 + &
	1289	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1290	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1291	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1292	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1293	)**2 + &
	1294	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1295	) * &
	1296	w(k,j,i)
	1297	!
	1298	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1299	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1300	!
	1301	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1302	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1303	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1304	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1305	ELSE
	1306	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1307	ENDIF
	1308	!
	1309	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1310	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1311
[138]	1312	ENDDO
	1313	ENDDO
	1314	ENDDO
	1315
	1316	!
[153]	1317	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1318	CASE ( 4 )
	1319	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1320	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1321	!
	1322	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1323	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1324
[2696]	1325	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1326
	1327	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1328	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1329	ENDDO
	1330	ENDDO
	1331	ENDDO
	1332
	1333	!
[1960]	1334	!-- humidity
[153]	1335	CASE ( 5 )
	1336	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1337	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1338	!
	1339	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1340	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1341
[2696]	1342	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1343
	1344	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1345	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1346	lsec * &
[1721]	1347	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1348	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1349	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1350	)**2 + &
	1351	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1352	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1353	)**2 + &
	1354	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1355	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1356	)**2 &
	1357	) * &
	1358	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	1359	ENDDO
	1360	ENDDO
	1361	ENDDO
	1362
	1363	!
	1364	!-- sgs-tke
	1365	CASE ( 6 )
	1366	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1367	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1368	!
	1369	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1370	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1371
[2696]	1372	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1373
	1374	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1375	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1376	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1377	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1378	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1379	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1380	)**2 + &
	1381	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1382	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1383	)**2 + &
	1384	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1385	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1386	)**2 &
	1387	) * &
	1388	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1389	ENDDO
	1390	ENDDO
	1391	ENDDO
[1960]	1392	!
	1393	!-- scalar concentration
	1394	CASE ( 7 )
	1395	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1396	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1397	!
	1398	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1399	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1400
[2696]	1401	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1402
	1403	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1404	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1405	lsec * &
	1406	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1407	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1408	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1409	)**2 + &
	1410	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1411	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1412	)**2 + &
	1413	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1414	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1415	)**2 &
	1416	) * &
	1417	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1418	ENDDO
	1419	ENDDO
	1420	ENDDO
[1484]	1421
	1422
[1960]	1423
[138]	1424	CASE DEFAULT
	1425
[257]	1426	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1427	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1428
	1429	END SELECT
	1430
[1826]	1431	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1432
	1433
	1434	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1435	! Description:
	1436	! ------------
[1682]	1437	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1438	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1439	!>
	1440	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1441	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1442	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1443	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1444	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1445	!>
	1446	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1447	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1448	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1449	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1450	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1451	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1452	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1453	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1454	!>
	1455	!>
	1456	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1457	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1458	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1459
	1460
[1320]	1461	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1462	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1463
	1464	USE kinds
	1465
[138]	1466	IMPLICIT NONE
	1467
[1682]	1468	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1469	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1470	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1471	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1472	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1473	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1474
[1682]	1475	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1476	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1477	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1478	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1479	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1480	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1481
	1482
	1483	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1484	!
[1484]	1485	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1486	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1487
	1488	!
[142]	1489	!-- u-component
[1484]	1490	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1491	!
	1492	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1493	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1494	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1495
[2696]	1496	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1497
	1498	!
[1484]	1499	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1500	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1501	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1502	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1503	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1504	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1505	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1506	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1507	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1508	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1509	ENDIF
	1510
	1511	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1512	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1513	!
	1514	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1515	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1516	lad_local * &
	1517	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1518	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1519	v(k,j,i) + &
	1520	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1521	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1522	)**2 + &
	1523	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1524	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1525	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1526	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1527	)**2 &
	1528	) * &
	1529	u(k,j,i)
	1530
	1531	!
	1532	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1533	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1534	!
	1535	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1536	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1537	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1538	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1539	ELSE
	1540	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1541	ENDIF
	1542	!
	1543	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1544	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1545	ENDDO
	1546
	1547
	1548	!
[142]	1549	!-- v-component
[1484]	1550	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	1551	!
	1552	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1553	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1554
[2696]	1555	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	1556
[2232]	1557	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1558	!
[1484]	1559	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1560	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1561	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1562	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1563	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1564	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1565	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1566	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1567	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1568	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1569	ENDIF
	1570
	1571	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1572	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1573	!
	1574	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1575	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1576	lad_local * &
	1577	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1578	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1579	u(k,j,i) + &
	1580	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1581	)**2 + &
	1582	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1583	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1584	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1585	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1586	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1587	)**2 &
	1588	) * &
	1589	v(k,j,i)
	1590
	1591	!
	1592	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1593	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1594	!
	1595	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1596	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1597	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1598	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1599	ELSE
	1600	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1601	ENDIF
	1602	!
	1603	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1604	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1605	ENDDO
	1606
	1607
	1608	!
[142]	1609	!-- w-component
[1484]	1610	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	1611	!
	1612	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1613	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1614
[2696]	1615	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	1616
[2232]	1617	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1618
[1484]	1619	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1620	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1621	!
[1484]	1622	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1623	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1624	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1625	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1626	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1627	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1628	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1629	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1630	)**2 + &
	1631	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1632	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1633	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1634	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1635	)**2 + &
	1636	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1637	) * &
	1638	w(k,j,i)
	1639	!
	1640	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1641	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1642	!
	1643	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1644	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1645	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1646	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1647	ELSE
	1648	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1649	ENDIF
	1650	!
	1651	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1652	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1653	ENDDO
	1654
	1655	!
[153]	1656	!-- potential temperature
	1657	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	1658	!
	1659	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1660	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1661
[2696]	1662	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1663	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1664	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1665	ENDDO
	1666
	1667
	1668	!
[1960]	1669	!-- humidity
[153]	1670	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	1671	!
	1672	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1673	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1674
[2696]	1675	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1676
	1677	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	1678	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1679	lsec * &
[1721]	1680	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1681	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1682	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1683	)**2 + &
	1684	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1685	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1686	)**2 + &
	1687	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1688	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1689	)**2 &
	1690	) * &
	1691	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	1692	ENDDO
	1693
	1694	!
[142]	1695	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	1696	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	1697	!
	1698	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1699	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1700
[2696]	1701	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1702
	1703	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	1704	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1705	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1706	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1707	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1708	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1709	)**2 + &
	1710	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1711	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1712	)**2 + &
	1713	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1714	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1715	)**2 &
	1716	) * &
	1717	e(k,j,i)
	1718	ENDDO
[1960]	1719
	1720	!
	1721	!-- scalar concentration
	1722	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	1723	!
	1724	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1725	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1726
[2696]	1727	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1728
	1729	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	1730	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1731	lsec * &
	1732	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1733	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1734	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1735	)**2 + &
	1736	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1737	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1738	)**2 + &
	1739	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1740	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1741	)**2 &
	1742	) * &
	1743	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1744	ENDDO
[138]	1745
[142]	1746	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	1747
[257]	1748	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1749	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1750
[142]	1751	END SELECT
[138]	1752
[1826]	1753	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	1754
[2007]	1755
	1756
[138]	1757	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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